The Network Information Management System (NIMS) in the Deep Space Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wales, K. J.

1983-01-01

In an effort to better manage enormous amounts of administrative, engineering, and management data that is distributed worldwide, a study was conducted which identified the need for a network support system. The Network Information Management System (NIMS) will provide the Deep Space Network with the tools to provide an easily accessible source of valid information to support management activities and provide a more cost-effective method of acquiring, maintaining, and retrieval data.

CAMAC and NIM systems in the space program. [Computer-Aided Measurement And Control and Nuclear Instrumentation Modules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trainor, J. H.; Ehrmann, C. H.; Kaminski, T. J.

1975-01-01

The CAMAC and NIM instrumentation systems were developed originally to serve the needs of nuclear research institutions in Europe and North America. CAMAC and NIM are currently considered in several studies at the systems level conducted by NASA and ESRO groups. NIM and CAMAC studies for applications related to the space shuttle are discussed along with the advantages provided by aspects of modularization and standardization, a use of NIM and CAMAC equipment in connection with a group of astrophysics experiments, and questions of cost effectiveness.

Assessing the port to port risk of vessel movements vectoring non-indigenous marine species within and across domestic Australian borders.

PubMed

Campbell, Marnie L; Hewitt, Chad L

2011-07-01

Biofouling of vessels is implicated as a high risk transfer mechanism of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS). Biofouling on international vessels is managed through stringent border control policies, however, domestic biofouling transfers are managed under different policies and legislative arrangements as they cross internal borders. As comprehensive guidelines are developed and increased compliance of international vessels with 'clean hull' expectations increase, vessel movements from port to port will become the focus of biosecurity management. A semi-quantitative port to port biofouling risk assessment is presented that evaluates the presence of known NIMS in the source port and determines the likelihood of transfer based on the NIMS association with biofouling and environmental match between source and receiving ports. This risk assessment method was used to assess the risk profile of a single dredge vessel during three anticipated voyages within Australia, resulting in negligible to low risk outcomes. This finding is contrasted with expectations in the literature, specifically those that suggest slow moving vessels pose a high to extreme risk of transferring NIMS species.

Research on the effect of the external magnetic field in the joule balance at NIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Jinxin; You, Qiang; Li, Zhengkun; Bai, Yang; Lu, Yunfeng; Zhang, Zhonghua; He, Qing

2018-06-01

The first determination of the Planck constant with the second generation of the joule balance, NIM-2, was completed in 2017 with an uncertainty of 2.4  ×  10‑7. Due to the movement of the magnet during the measurement process, the effect of the external field is a critical problem in NIM-2. At present, the electromagnet system is used in NIM-2. By taking the average of the results with positive and negative exciting currents, the uncertainty from the external field is reduced to 1.7  ×  10‑7, which is still the largest source in the uncertainty budget as all the other items are less than 1  ×  10‑7. In the near future, a permanent magnet system will be applied in NIM-2 and the main field cannot be reversed. Although the coupling of the external magnetic field in the permanent magnet system is about 40 times less than that in the electromagnet system, further reduction of this effect is still required in the permanent magnet system. In this paper, the effect of the external field is analyzed in both an electromagnet system and a permanent magnet system based on simulations and experiments. Then, the methods of magnetic shielding and compensation coils are proposed and simulated in the permanent magnet system. The results show that it may be possible to reduce the uncertainty of the external field to less than 2  ×  10‑8 in the permanent magnet system by employing the two methods.

Attenuation of skeletal muscle and renal injury to the lower limb following ischemia-reperfusion using mPTP inhibitor NIM-811.

PubMed

Garbaisz, David; Turoczi, Zsolt; Aranyi, Peter; Fulop, Andras; Rosero, Oliver; Hermesz, Edit; Ferencz, Agnes; Lotz, Gabor; Harsanyi, Laszlo; Szijarto, Attila

2014-01-01

Operation on the infrarenal aorta and large arteries of the lower extremities may cause rhabdomyolysis of the skeletal muscle, which in turn may induce remote kidney injury. NIM-811 (N-metyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporine) is a mitochondria specific drug, which can prevent ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury, by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP). Our aim was to reduce damages in the skeletal muscle and the kidney after IR of the lower limb with NIM-811. Wistar rats underwent 180 minutes of bilateral lower limb ischemia and 240 minutes of reperfusion. Four animal groups were formed called Sham (receiving vehicle and sham surgery), NIM-Sham (receiving NIM-811 and sham surgery), IR (receiving vehicle and surgery), and NIM-IR (receiving NIM-811 and surgery). Serum, urine and histological samples were taken at the end of reperfusion. NADH-tetrazolium staining, muscle Wet/Dry (W/D) ratio calculations, laser Doppler-flowmetry (LDF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring were performed. Renal peroxynitrite concentration, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. Less significant histopathological changes were observable in the NIM-IR group as compared with the IR group. Serum K+ and necroenzyme levels were significantly lower in the NIM-IR group than in the IR group (LDH: p<0.001; CK: p<0.001; K+: p = 0.017). Muscle mitochondrial viability proved to be significantly higher (p = 0.001) and renal function parameters were significantly better (creatinine: p = 0.016; FENa: p<0.001) in the NIM-IR group in comparison to the IR group. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly lower (TNF-α: p = 0.003, IL-6: p = 0.040) as well as W/D ratio and peroxynitrite concentration were significantly lower (p = 0.014; p<0.001) in the NIM-IR group than in the IR group. NIM-811 could have the potential of reducing rhabdomyolysis and impairment of the kidney after lower limb IR injury.

A novel phagocytic receptor (CgNimC) from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas with lipopolysaccharide and gram-negative bacteria binding activity.

PubMed

Wang, Weilin; Liu, Rui; Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Ran; Song, Xuan; Wang, Lingling; Song, Linsheng

2015-03-01

Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved process to ingest the invading microbes and apoptotic or necrotic corpses, playing vital roles in defensing invaders and maintenance of normal physiological conditions. In the present study, a new Nimrod family phagocytic receptor with three EGF-like domains was identified in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated CgNimC). CgNimC shared homology with other identified multiple EGF-like domain containing proteins. The mRNA transcripts of CgNimC were mainly distributed in mantle and hemocytes. Its relative expression level in hemocytes was significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated after the injection of bacteria Vibrio anguillarum. Different to the NimC in Drosophila and Anopheles gambiae, the recombinant protein of CgNimC (rCgNimC) could bind directly to two gram-negative bacteria V. anguillarum and Vibrio splendidus, but not to gram-positive bacteria Staphylococci aureus, Micrococcus luteus or fungi Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris. The affinity of rCgNimC toward M. luteus and Y. lipolytica was enhanced when the microorganisms were pre-incubated with the cell free hemolymph. rCgNimC exhibited higher affinity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and relatively lower affinity to peptidoglycan (PGN), while no affinity to glucan (GLU). After the CgNimC receptor was blocked by anti-rCgNimC antibody in vitro, the phagocytic rate of hemocytes toward two gram-negative bacteria V. anguillarum and V. splendidus was reduced significantly (P < 0.05), but no significant change of phagocytic rate was observed toward M. luteus and Y. lipolytica. All these results implied that CgNimC, with significant binding capability to LPS and gram-negative bacteria, was a novel phagocytic receptor involved in immune response of Pacific oyster. Further, it was speculated that receptors of Nimrod family might function as a phagocytic receptor to recognize PAMPs on the invaders and its recognition could be promoted by opsonization of molecules in hemolymph. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and evaluation of mesoporous carbon/lipid bilayer nanocomposites for improved oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble drug, nimodipine.

PubMed

Zhang, Yanzhuo; Zhao, Qinfu; Zhu, Wufu; Zhang, Lihua; Han, Jin; Lin, Qisi; Ai, Fengwei

2015-07-01

A novel mesoporous carbon/lipid bilayer nanocomposite (MCLN) with a core-shell structure was synthesized and characterized as an oral drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of MCLN-based formulation to modulate the in vitro release and in vivo absorption of a model drug, nimodipine (NIM). NIM-loaded MCLN was prepared by a procedure involving a combination of thin-film hydration and lyophilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface area analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the NIM-loaded MCLN formulation. The effect of MCLN on cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. In addition, the oral bioavailability of NIM-loaded MCLN in beagle dogs was compared with that of the immediate-release formulation, Nimotop®. Our results demonstrate that the NIM-loaded MCLN formulation exhibited a typical sustained release pattern. The NIM-loaded MCLN formulation achieved a greater degree of absorption and longer lasting plasma drug levels compared with the commercial formulation. The relative bioavailability of NIM for NIM-loaded MCLN was 214%. MCLN exhibited negligible toxicity. The data reported herein suggest that the MCLN matrix is a promising carrier for controlling the drug release rate and improving the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Explaining implementation behaviour of the National Incident Management System (NIMS).

PubMed

Jensen, Jessica; Youngs, George

2015-04-01

This paper explains the perceived implementation behaviour of counties in the United States with respect to the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The system represents a massive and historic policy mandate designed to restructure, standardise and thereby unify the efforts of a wide variety of emergency management entities. Specifically, this study examined variables identified in the NIMS and policy literature that might influence the behavioural intentions and actual behaviour of counties. It found that three key factors limit or promote how counties intend to implement NIMS and how they actually implement the system: policy characteristics related to NIMS, implementer views and a measure of local capacity. One additional variable-inter-organisational characteristics-was found to influence only actual behaviour. This study's findings suggest that the purpose underlying NIMS may not be fulfilled and confirm what disaster research has long suggested: the potential for standardisation in emergency management is limited. © 2015 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2015.

76 FR 61376 - NIMS Public Works Resources: Typed Resource Definitions (FEMA 508-7)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

...] NIMS Public Works Resources: Typed Resource Definitions (FEMA 508-7) AGENCY: Federal Emergency... Management Agency (FEMA) is requesting public comments on the NIMS Public Works Resources: Typed Resource..., nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to work together to prevent, protect against, respond to...

A noise thermometry investigation of the melting point of gallium at the NIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, J. T.; Xue, S.

2006-06-01

This paper describes a study of the melting point of gallium with the new NIM Johnson noise thermometer (JNT). The new thermometer adopts the structure of switching correlator and commutator with the reference resistor maintained at the triple point of water. The electronic system of the new thermometer is basically the same as the current JNT, but the preamplifiers have been improved slightly. This study demonstrates that examining the characteristics of the noise signals in the frequency domain is of critical importance in constructing an improved new thermometer, where a power spectral analysis is found to be critical in establishing appropriate grounding for the new thermometer. The new JNT is tested on measurements of the thermodynamic temperature of the melting point of gallium, which give the thermodynamic temperature of 302.9160 K, with an overall integration time of 190 h and a combined standard uncertainty of 9.4 mK. The uncertainty analysis indicates that a standard combined uncertainty of 3 mK could be achieved with the new thermometer over an integration period of 1750 h.

Standard NIM Instrumentation System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Costrell, Louis; Lenkszus, Frank R.; Rudnick, Stanley J.

NIM is a standard modular instrumentation system that is in wide use throughout the world. As the NIM system developed and accommodations were made to a dynamic instrumentation field and a rapidly advancing technology, additions, revisions and clarifications were made. These were incorporated into the standard in the form of addenda and errata. This standard is a revision of the NIM document, AEC Report TID-20893 (Rev 4) dated July 1974. It includes all the addenda and errata items that were previously issued as well as numerous additional items to make the standard current with modern technology and manufacturing practice.

Bulk and Thin film Properties of Nanoparticle-based Ionic Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Jason

2008-03-01

Nanoparticle-based ionic materials (NIMS) offer exciting opportunities for research at the forefront of science and engineering. NIMS are hybrid particles comprised of a charged oligomeric corona attached to hard, inorganic nanoparticle cores. Because of their hybrid nature, physical properties --rheological, optical, electrical, thermal - of NIMS can be tailored over an unusually wide range by varying geometric and chemical characteristics of the core and canopy and thermodynamic variables such as temperature and volume fraction. On one end of the spectrum are materials with a high core content, which display properties similar to crystalline solids, stiff waxes, and gels. At the opposite extreme are systems that spontaneously form particle-based fluids characterized by transport properties remarkably similar to simple liquids. In this poster I will present our efforts to synthesize NIMS and discuss their bulk and surface properties. In particular I will discuss our work on preparing smart surfaces using NIMS.

Shift evaluation of the atomic gravimeter NIM-AGRb-1 and its comparison with FG5X

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shao-Kai; Zhao, Yang; Zhuang, Wei; Li, Tian-Chu; Wu, Shu-Qing; Feng, Jin-Yang; Li, Chun-Jian

2018-06-01

A mobile atomic absolute gravimeter NIM-AGRb-1 based on light-pulse atom interferometer has been built, evaluated by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) China, and participated in the pilot study of the International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (CCM.G-K2.2017) held at NIM Changping Beijing in October 2017. The sensitivity of the gravimeter is 44 µGal Hz‑1/2 (1 µGal  =  10‑8 m s‑2  ≈  10‑9 g) and its instability reaches as small as 0.2 µGal when averaged over 30 000 s. The instrumental and environmental effects were evaluated and corrected with a total uncertainty of 5.2 µGal. The absolute g measured by NIM-AGRb-1 was compared to that of a commercial FG5X-249 optical gravimeter with the two devices operating side by side in the same laboratory and their results agree within  ‑0.2(6.3) µGal. NIM-AGRb-1 also demonstrated continuous operation over a period of more than 500 h.

Discovery and characterization of two Nimrod superfamily members in Anopheles gambiae.

PubMed

Midega, Janet; Blight, Joshua; Lombardo, Fabrizio; Povelones, Michael; Kafatos, Fotis; Christophides, George K

2013-12-01

Anti-bacterial proteins in mosquitoes are known to play an important modulatory role on immune responses to infections with human pathogens including malaria parasites. In this study we characterized two members of the Anopheles gambiae Nimrod superfamily, namely AgNimB2 and AgEater. We confirm that current annotation of the An. gambiae genome incorrectly identifies AgNimB2 and AgEater as a single gene, AGAP009762. Through in silico and experimental approaches, it has been shown that AgNimB2 is a secreted protein that mediates phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus but not of Escherichia coli bacteria. We also reveal that this function does not involve a direct interaction of AgNimB2 with S. aureus. Therefore, AgNimB2 may act downstream of complement-like pathway activation, first requiring bacterial opsonization. In addition, it has been shown that AgNimB2 has an anti-Plasmodium effect. Conversely, AgEater is a membrane-bound protein that either functions redundantly or is dispensable for phagocytosis of E. coli or S. aureus. Our study provides insights into the role of members of the complex Nimrod superfamily in An. gambiae, the most important African vector of human malaria.

Discovery and characterization of two Nimrod superfamily members in Anopheles gambiae

PubMed Central

Midega, Janet; Blight, Joshua; Lombardo, Fabrizio; Povelones, Michael; Kafatos, Fotis; Christophides, George K

2013-01-01

Anti-bacterial proteins in mosquitoes are known to play an important modulatory role on immune responses to infections with human pathogens including malaria parasites. In this study we characterized two members of the Anopheles gambiae Nimrod superfamily, namely AgNimB2 and AgEater. We confirm that current annotation of the An. gambiae genome incorrectly identifies AgNimB2 and AgEater as a single gene, AGAP009762. Through in silico and experimental approaches, it has been shown that AgNimB2 is a secreted protein that mediates phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus but not of Escherichia coli bacteria. We also reveal that this function does not involve a direct interaction of AgNimB2 with S. aureus. Therefore, AgNimB2 may act downstream of complement-like pathway activation, first requiring bacterial opsonization. In addition, it has been shown that AgNimB2 has an anti-Plasmodium effect. Conversely, AgEater is a membrane-bound protein that either functions redundantly or is dispensable for phagocytosis of E. coli or S. aureus. Our study provides insights into the role of members of the complex Nimrod superfamily in An. gambiae, the most important African vector of human malaria. PMID:24428830

Mobile Networked Sensors for Environmental Observatories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaiser, W. J.

2005-12-01

The development of the first embedded networked sensing (ENS) systems has been rapidly followed by their successful deployment for investigations in environments ranging from forest ecosystems, to rivers and lakes, and to subsurface soil observations. As ENS systems have been deployed, many technology challenges have been successfully addressed. For example, the requirements for local and remote data access and long operating life have been encountered and solved with a novel hierarchical network architecture and unique, low power platforms. This presentation will describe this progress and also the development and applications of a new ENS system addressing the most current challenges: A robotic ENS platform providing precise, reliable, and sustained observation capability with diverse sensing capabilities that may adapt to environmental dynamics. In the development of methods for autonomous observation by networked sensors, many applications have emerged requiring spatially and temporally intensive data sampling. Examples include the mapping of forest understory solar radiation, autonomous acquisition of imaging for plant phenology, and mapping of contaminant concentration in aquatic systems. Common to these applications is the need to actively and continuously configure the location and orientation of sensors for high fidelity mapping of the spatial distribution of phenomena. To address this primary environmental observation need, a new sensing platform, Networked Infomechanical Systems (NIMS) has been developed. NIMS relies on deployed aerial infrastructure (for example, cable suspension systems) in the natural environment to permit robotic devices to precisely and reliably move or remain stationary as required at elevations that may lie directly in or above the forest canopy or within a river or stream. NIMS systems are suspended to allow devices to translate a sensor node horizontally, and also to raise and lower devices. Examples of sensors that are now carried by NIMS include sensors for visible wavelength imaging, thermal infrared temperature mapping, microclimate, solar radiation, and for water quality and physical characterization of aquatic systems. NIMS devices include compact embedded computing, wireless network connectivity to surrounding static sensors, and remote Internet access. Exploiting this onboard computing allows NIMS devices to follow precise scanning protocols and self-calibration procedures. This presentation will describe permanent facility NIMS systems deployed at the James San Jacinto Mountains Reserve. Rapidly deployable NIMS permitting short term, highly mobile experiments will also be discussed. This includes the Thermal Mapper system that simultaneously samples plant physical structure (using laser position sensing and imaging) along with plant surface temperature (using high spatial resolution thermal infrared sensing). This compact system has been applied to the investigation of thermal characteristics of alpine plants in varying soil surfaces at the White Mountains Research Station. Other NIMS applications and results to be described include novel spatial mapping of nitrate concentration and other variables in flowing streams. Finally, this presentation will also address the many future applications of observatories linking investigators with remote mobile and static sensor networks. This research is supported by the NSF0331481 ITR program. Research has been performed in collaboration with R. Ambrose, K. Bible, D. Estrin, E. Graham, M. Hamilton, M. Hanson, T. Harmon, G. Pottie, P. Rundel, M. Srivastava, and G. Sukhatme

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analog.

PubMed Central

Rosenwirth, B; Billich, A; Datema, R; Donatsch, P; Hammerschmid, F; Harrison, R; Hiestand, P; Jaksche, H; Mayer, P; Peichl, P

1994-01-01

(Me-Ile-4)cyclosporin (SDZ NIM 811) is a 4-substituted cyclosporin which is devoid of immunosuppressive activity but retains full capacity for binding to cyclophilin and exhibits potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. SDZ NIM 811 selectively inhibits HIV-1 replication in T4 lymphocyte cell lines, in a monocytic cell line, and in HeLa T4 cells. Furthermore, its antiviral activity against laboratory strains and against clinical isolates from geographically distinct regions in primary T4 lymphocytes and in primary monocytes (50% inhibitory concentration = 0.011 to 0.057 micrograms/ml) was demonstrated. SDZ NIM 811 does not inhibit proviral gene expression or virus-specific enzyme functions, either free or bound to cyclophilin. The compound does not influence CD4 expression or inhibit fusion between virus-infected and uninfected cells. SDZ NIM 811 was, however, found to block formation of infectious particles from chronically infected cells. Oral administration to mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys resulted in levels in blood considerably exceeding the drug concentration, which completely blocked virus replication in primary cells. SDZ NIM 811 caused changes of toxicity parameters in rats to a smaller degree than cyclosporine (formerly cyclosporin A). Thus, the potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity of SDZ NIM 811 and its favorable pharmacokinetic behavior together with its lower nephrotoxicity than that of cyclosporine make this compound a promising candidate for development as an anti-HIV drug. PMID:7527198

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analog.

PubMed

Rosenwirth, B; Billich, A; Datema, R; Donatsch, P; Hammerschmid, F; Harrison, R; Hiestand, P; Jaksche, H; Mayer, P; Peichl, P

1994-08-01

(Me-Ile-4)cyclosporin (SDZ NIM 811) is a 4-substituted cyclosporin which is devoid of immunosuppressive activity but retains full capacity for binding to cyclophilin and exhibits potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. SDZ NIM 811 selectively inhibits HIV-1 replication in T4 lymphocyte cell lines, in a monocytic cell line, and in HeLa T4 cells. Furthermore, its antiviral activity against laboratory strains and against clinical isolates from geographically distinct regions in primary T4 lymphocytes and in primary monocytes (50% inhibitory concentration = 0.011 to 0.057 micrograms/ml) was demonstrated. SDZ NIM 811 does not inhibit proviral gene expression or virus-specific enzyme functions, either free or bound to cyclophilin. The compound does not influence CD4 expression or inhibit fusion between virus-infected and uninfected cells. SDZ NIM 811 was, however, found to block formation of infectious particles from chronically infected cells. Oral administration to mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys resulted in levels in blood considerably exceeding the drug concentration, which completely blocked virus replication in primary cells. SDZ NIM 811 caused changes of toxicity parameters in rats to a smaller degree than cyclosporine (formerly cyclosporin A). Thus, the potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity of SDZ NIM 811 and its favorable pharmacokinetic behavior together with its lower nephrotoxicity than that of cyclosporine make this compound a promising candidate for development as an anti-HIV drug.

Helpful Hints for School Emergency Management: The National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Schools. Frequently Asked Questions and FY 2006 NIMS Compliance Activities for Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2006

2006-01-01

"Helpful Hints" offers a quick overview of school emergency preparedness topics that are frequently the subject of inquiries. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a comprehensive system that improves tribal and local emergency response operations through the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) and the application of standardized…

Restraint of the G2/M Transition by the SR/RRM Family mRNA Shuttling Binding Protein SNXAHRB1 in Aspergillus nidulans

PubMed Central

James, Steven W.; Banta, Travis; Barra, James; Ciraku, Lorela; Coile, Clifford; Cuda, Zach; Day, Ryan; Dixit, Cheshil; Eastlack, Steven; Giang, Anh; Goode, James; Guice, Alexis; Huff, Yulon; Humbert, Sara; Kelliher, Christina; Kobie, Julie; Kohlbrenner, Emily; Mwambutsa, Faustin; Orzechowski, Amanda; Shingler, Kristin; Spell, Casey; Anglin, Sarah Lea

2014-01-01

Control of the eukaryotic G2/M transition by CDC2/CYCLINB is tightly regulated by protein–protein interactions, protein phosphorylations, and nuclear localization of CDC2/CYCLINB. We previously reported a screen, in Aspergillus nidulans, for extragenic suppressors of nimX2cdc2 that resulted in the identification of the cold-sensitive snxA1 mutation. We demonstrate here that snxA1 suppresses defects in regulators of the CDK1 mitotic induction pathway, including nimX2cdc2, nimE6cyclinB, and nimT23cdc25, but does not suppress G2-arresting nimA1/nimA5 mutations, the S-arresting nimE10cyclinB mutation, or three other G1/S phase mutations. snxA encodes the A. nidulans homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrb1/Gbp2; nonessential shuttling messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding proteins belonging to the serine-arginine-rich (SR) and RNA recognition motif (RRM) protein family; and human heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-M, a spliceosomal component involved in pre-mRNA processing and alternative splicing. snxAHrb1 is nonessential, its deletion phenocopies the snxA1 mutation, and its overexpression rescues snxA1 and ΔsnxA mutant phenotypes. snxA1 and a second allele isolated in this study, snxA2, are hypomorphic mutations that result from decreased transcript and protein levels, suggesting that snxA acts normally to restrain cell cycle progression. SNXAHRB1 is predominantly nuclear, but is not retained in the nucleus during the partially closed mitosis of A. nidulans. We show that the snxA1 mutation does not suppress nimX2 by altering NIMX2CDC2/NIMECYCLINB kinase activity and that snxA1 or ΔsnxA alter localization patterns of NIMECYCLINB at the restrictive temperatures for snxA1 and nimX2. Together, these findings suggest a novel and previously unreported role of an SR/RRM family protein in cell cycle regulation, specifically in control of the CDK1 mitotic induction pathway. PMID:25104516

Canopy Dynamics in Nanoscale Ionic Materials Probed by NMR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirau, Peter

2013-03-01

Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs) are hybrids prepared from ionically functionalized nanoparticles (NP) neutralized by oligomeric polymer counter-ions. NIMs are designed to behave as liquids under ambient conditions in the absence of solvent and have no volatile organic content, making them useful for a number of applications. We have used NMR relaxation and pulse-field gradient NMR to probe local and collective canopy dynamics in NIMs based on silica nanoparticles (NP), fullerols and proteins in order to understand the relationship between the core and canopy structure and the bulk properties. The NMR studies show that the canopy dynamics depend on the degree of neutralization, the canopy radius of gyration and molecular crowding at the ionically modified NP surface. The viscosity in NIMs can be directly controlled with the addition of ions that enhance the exchange rate for polymers at the NP surface. These results show that NIMs for many applications can be prepared by controlling the dynamics of the NP interface.

NIMS Observation of Hotspots on Io

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Io has been imaged by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on Galileo. The image on the right shows for the first time the distribution of volcanic hotspots on the surface of Io, as seen by NIMS. Three of these hotspots are new discoveries, only detectable with the NIMS instrument. This image was taken during the G1 encounter on June 29 1996. The image on the left shows the same view of Io as seen by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979. At least one dozen hotspots have been identified from this NIMS image. Most of the hotspot locations can be matched with volcanic features on the surface of Io, including the vent area of the active Prometheus plume.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Nimrod, a putative phagocytosis receptor with EGF repeats in Drosophila plasmatocytes.

PubMed

Kurucz, Eva; Márkus, Róbert; Zsámboki, János; Folkl-Medzihradszky, Katalin; Darula, Zsuzsanna; Vilmos, Péter; Udvardy, Andor; Krausz, Ildikó; Lukacsovich, Tamás; Gateff, Elisabeth; Zettervall, Carl-Johan; Hultmark, Dan; Andó, István

2007-04-03

The hemocytes, the blood cells of Drosophila, participate in the humoral and cellular immune defense reactions against microbes and parasites [1-8]. The plasmatocytes, one class of hemocytes, are phagocytically active and play an important role in immunity and development by removing microorganisms as well as apoptotic cells. On the surface of circulating and sessile plasmatocytes, we have now identified a protein, Nimrod C1 (NimC1), which is involved in the phagocytosis of bacteria. Suppression of NimC1 expression in plasmatocytes inhibited the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, overexpression of NimC1 in S2 cells stimulated the phagocytosis of both S. aureus and Escherichia coli. NimC1 is a 90-100 kDa single-pass transmembrane protein with ten characteristic EGF-like repeats (NIM repeats). The nimC1 gene is part of a cluster of ten related nimrod genes at 34E on chromosome 2, and similar clusters of nimrod-like genes are conserved in other insects such as Anopheles and Apis. The Nimrod proteins are related to other putative phagocytosis receptors such as Eater and Draper from D. melanogaster and CED-1 from C. elegans. Together, they form a superfamily that also includes proteins that are encoded in the human genome.

Morphology-Driven Control of Metabolite Selectivity Using Nanostructure-Initiator Mass Spectrometry

DOE PAGES

Gao, Jian; Louie, Katherine B.; Steinke, Philipp; ...

2017-05-26

Nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) is a laser desorption/ionization analysis technique based on the vaporization of a nanostructure-trapped liquid "initiator" phase. Here we report an intriguing relationship between NIMS surface morphology and analyte selectivity. Scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to characterize the surface morphologies of a series of NIMS substrates generated by anodic electrochemical etching. Mass spectrometry imaging was applied to compare NIMS sensitivity of these various surfaces toward the analysis of diverse analytes. The porosity of NIMS surfaces was found to increase linearly with etching time where the pore size ranged from 4 to 12 nm withmore » corresponding porosities estimated to be 7-70%. Surface morphology was found to significantly and selectively alter NIMS sensitivity. The small molecule ( < 2k Da) sensitivity was found to increase with increased porosity, whereas low porosity had the highest sensitivity for the largest molecules examined. Estimation of molecular sizes showed that this transition occurs when the pore size is < 3× the maximum of molecular dimensions. While the origins of selectivity are unclear, increased signal from small molecules with increased surface area is consistent with a surface area restructuring-driven desorption/ionization process where signal intensity increases with porosity. In contrast, large molecules show highest signal for the low-porosity and small-pore-size surfaces. We attribute this to strong interactions between the initiator-coated pore structures and large molecules that hinder desorption/ionization by trapping large molecules. This finding may enable us to design NIMS surfaces with increased specificity to molecules of interest.« less

NIMS: Hotspots on Io During G2

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft imaged Io at high spectral resolution at a range of 439,000 km (275,000 miles) during the G2 encounter on 7 September 1996. This image shows (on the right) Io as seen in the infrared by NIMS. The image on the left shows the same view from Voyager in 1979. This NIMS image can be compared to the NIMS images from the G1 orbit (June 1996) to monitor changes on Io. The NIMS image is at 4.9 microns, showing thermal emissions from the hotspots. The brightness of the pixels is a function of size and temperature. At least 10 hotspots have been identified and can be matched with surface features. An accurate determination of the position of the hotspot in the vicinity of Shamash Patera is pending. Hotspots are seen in the vicinity of Prometheus, Volund and Marduk, all sites of volcanic plume activity during the Galileo encounters, and also of active plumes in 1979. Temperatures and areas have been calculated for the hotspots shown. Temperatures range from 828 K (1031 F) to 210 K (- 81.4 F). The lowest temperature is significantly higher than the Io background (non-hotspot) surface temperature of about 100 K (-279 F). Hotspot areas range from 6.5 square km (2.5 sq miles) to 40,000 sq km (15,400 sq miles). The hottest hotspots have smallest areas, and the cooler hotspots have the largest areas. NIMS is continuing to observe Io to monitor volcanic activity throughout the Galileo mission. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00520

NIM Realization of the Gallium Triple Point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiaoke, Yan; Ping, Qiu; Yuning, Duan; Yongmei, Qu

2003-09-01

In the last three years (1999 to 2001), the gallium triple-point cell has been successfully developed, and much corresponding research has been carried out at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China. This paper presents the cell design, apparatus and procedure for realizing the gallium triple point, and presents studies on the different freezing methods. The reproducibility is 0.03 mK, and the expanded uncertainty of realization of the gallium triple point is evaluated to be 0.17 mK (p=0.99, k=2.9). Also, the reproducibility of the gallium triple point was compared with that of the triple point of water.

Jupiter Systems Data Analysis Program Galileo Multi-Spectral Analysis of the Galilean Satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendrix, Amanda; Carlson, Robert; Smythe, William

2002-01-01

Progress was made on this project at the University of Colorado, particularly concerning analysis of data of the galilean moons Io and Europa. The goal of the Io portion of this study is to incorporate Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) measured sulfur dioxide (SO2) frost amounts into models used with Ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) spectra, in order to better constrain SO2 gas amounts determined by the UVS. The overall goal of this portion of the study is to better understand the thickness and distribution of Io's SO2 atmosphere. The goal of the analysis of the Europa data is to better understand the source of the UV absorption feature centered near 280 rim which has been noted in disk-integrated spectra primarily on the trailing hemisphere. The NIMS data indicate asymmetric water ice bands on Europa, particularly over the trailing hemisphere, and especially concentrated in the visibly dark regions associated with chaotic terrain and lines. The UPS data, the first-ever disk-resolved UV spectra of Europa, shown that the UV absorber is likely concentrated in regions where the NIMS data show asymmetric water ice bands. The material that produces both spectral features is likely the same, and we use data from both wavelength regions to better understand this material, and whether it is endogenically or exogenically produced. This work is still in progress at JPL.

Oxidative generation of guanine radicals by carbonate radicals and their reactions with nitrogen dioxide to form site specific 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole lesions in oligodeoxynucleotides.

PubMed

Joffe, Avrum; Mock, Steven; Yun, Byeong Hwa; Kolbanovskiy, Alexander; Geacintov, Nicholas E; Shafirovich, Vladimir

2003-08-01

A simple photochemical approach is described for synthesizing site specific, stable 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (NIm) adducts in single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides containing single and multiple guanine residues. The DNA sequences employed, 5'-d(ACC CG(1)C G(2)TC CG(3)C G(4)CC) and 5'-d(ACC CG(1)C G(2)TC C), were a portion of exon 5 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, including the codons 157 (G(2)) and 158 (G(3)) mutation hot spots in the former sequence with four Gs and the codon 157 (G(2)) mutation hot spot in the latter sequence with two Gs. The nitration of oligodeoxynucleotides was initiated by the selective photodissociation of persulfate anions to sulfate radicals induced by UV laser pulses (308 nm). In aqueous solutions, of bicarbonate and nitrite anions, the sulfate radicals generate carbonate anion radicals and nitrogen dioxide radicals by one electron oxidation of the respective anions. The guanine residue in the oligodeoxynucleotide is oxidized by the carbonate anion radical to form the neutral guanine radical. While the nitrogen dioxide radicals do not react with any of the intact DNA bases, they readily combine with the guanine radicals at either the C8 or the C5 positions. The C8 addition generates the well-known 8-nitroguanine (8-nitro-G) lesions, whereas the C5 attack produces unstable adducts, which rapidly decompose to NIm lesions. The maximum yields of the nitro products (NIm + 8-nitro-G) were typically in the range of 20-40%, depending on the number of guanine residues in the sequence. The ratio of the NIm to 8-nitro-G lesions gradually decreases from 3.4 in the model compound, 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetylguanosine, to 2.1-2.6 in the single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and to 0.8-1.1 in the duplexes. The adduct of the 5'-d(ACC CG(1)C G(2)TC C) oligodeoxynucleotide containing the NIm lesion in codon 157 (G(2)) was isolated in HPLC-pure form. The integrity of this adduct was established by a detailed analysis of exonuclease digestion ladders by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight detection MS techniques.

Bilateral Comparison Between NIM and NMC Over the Temperature Range from 83.8058 K to 692.677 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jianping; Ye, Shaochun; Kho, Haoyuan; Zhang, Jintao; Wang, Li

2015-08-01

A bilateral comparison of local realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 between the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) and National Metrology Centre (NMC) was carried out over the temperature range from 83.8058 K to 692.677 K. It involved six fixed points including the argon triple point, the mercury triple point, the triple point of water, the melting point of gallium, the freezing point of tin, and the freezing point of zinc. In 2009, NMC asked NIM to participate in a bilateral comparison to link the NMC results to the Consultative Committee for Thermometry Key Comparison 3 (CCT-K3) and facilitate the NMC's calibration and measurement capabilities submission. This comparison was agreed by NIM and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme in 2009, and registered in the Key Comparison Database in 2010 as CCT-K3.2. NMC supplied two fused silica sheath standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) as traveling standards. One of them was used at the Ga, Sn, and Zn fixed points, while the other one was used at the Ar and Hg fixed points. NMC measured them before and after NIM measured them. During the comparison, a criterion for the SPRT was set as the stability at the triple point of water to be less than 0.3 mK. The results for both laboratories are summarized. A proposal for linking the NMC's comparison results to CCT-K3 is presented. The difference between NMC and NIM and the difference between NMC and the CCT-K3 average reference value using NIM as a link are reported with expanded uncertainties at each measured fixed point.

Nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry biometrics

DOEpatents

Leclerc, Marion; Bowen, Benjamin; Northen, Trent

2015-09-08

Several embodiments described herein are drawn to methods of identifying an analyte on a subject's skin, methods of generating a fingerprint, methods of determining a physiological change in a subject, methods of diagnosing health status of a subject, and assay systems for detecting an analyte and generating a fingerprint, by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS).

A cost and utility analysis of NIM/CAMAC standards and equipment for shuttle payload data acquisition and control systems. Volume 3: Tasks 3 and 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The modifications for the Nuclear Instrumentation Modular (NIM) and Computer Automated Measurement Control (CAMAC) equipment, designed for ground based laboratory use, that would be required to permit its use in the Spacelab environments were determined. The cost of these modifications were estimated and the most cost effective approach to implementing them were identified. A shared equipment implementation in which the various Spacelab users draw their required complement of standard NIM and CAMAC equipment for a given flight from a common equipment pool was considered. The alternative approach studied was a dedicated equipment implementation in which each of the users is responsible for procuring either their own NIM/CAMAC equipment or its custom built equivalent.

PC based graphic display real-time particle beam uniformity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huebner, M. A.; Malone, C. J.; Smith, L. S.; Soli, G. A.

1989-01-01

A technique has been developed to support the study of the effects of cosmic rays on integrated circuits. The system is designed to determine the particle distribution across the surface of an integrated circuit accurately while the circuit is bombarded by a particle beam. The system uses photomultiplier tubes, an octal discriminator, a computer-controlled NIM quad counter, and an IBM PC. It provides real-time operator feedback for fast beam tuning and monitors momentary fluctuations in the particle beam. The hardware, software, and system performance are described.

An Early Danish Computer Game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jørgensen, Anker Helms

This paper reports on the development of Nimbi, which is an early computer game implemented at the Danish Computer Company Regnecentralen in 1962-63. Nimbi is a variant of the ancient game Nim. The paper traces the primary origins of the development of Nimbi. These include a mathematical analysis from 1901 of Nim that “killed the game” as the outcome could be predicted quite easily; the desire of the Danish inventor Piet Hein to make a game that eluded such analyses; and the desire of Piet Hein to have computers play games against humans. The development of Nimbi was successful in spite of considerable technical obstacles. However, it seems that the game was not used for publicizing the capabilities of computers - at least not widely - as was the case with earlier Nim implementations, such as the British Nim-playing computer Nimrod in 1951.

Variations in Near-Infrared Emissivity of Venus Surface Observed by the Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashimoto, G. L.; Roos-Serote, M.; Sugita, S.

2004-11-01

We evaluate the spatial variation of venusian surface emissivity at a near-infrared wavelength using multispectral images obtained by the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on board the Galileo spacecraft. The Galileo made a close flyby to Venus in February 1990. During this flyby, NIMS observed the nightside of Venus with 17 spectral channels, which includes the well-known spectral windows at 1.18, 1.74, and 2.3 μ m. The surface emissivity is evaluated at 1.18 μ m, at which thermal radiation emitted from the planetary surface could be detected. To analyze the NIMS observations, synthetic spectra have been generated by means of a line-by-line radiative transfer program which includes both scattering and absorption. We used the discrete ordinate method to calculate the spectra of vertically inhomogeneous plane-parallel atmosphere. Gas opacity is calculated based on the method of Pollack et al. (1993), though binary absorption coefficients for continuum opacity are adjusted to achieve an acceptable fit to the NIMS data. We used Mie scattering theory and a cloud model developed by Pollack et al. (1993) to determine the single scattering albedo and scattering phase function of the cloud particles. The vertical temperature profile of Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA) is used in all our calculations. The procedure of the analysis is the followings. We first made a correction for emission angle. Then, a modulation of emission by the cloud opacities is removed using simultaneously measured 1.74 and 2.3 μ m radiances. The resulting images are correlated with the topographic map of Magellan. To search for variations in surface emissivity, this cloud corrected images are divided by synthetic radiance maps that were created from the Magellan data. This work has been supported by The 21st Century COE Program of Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).

Discovery of episodic volcanism at Prometheus on Io: implications for magma supply

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davies, A. G.

2003-01-01

Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data show the ionian volcanoes Prometheus and Amirani have significant thermal emission in excess of non-volcanic background emission in every geometrically appropriate NIMS observation.

Felsic highland crust on Venus suggested by Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashimoto, George L.; Roos-Serote, Maarten; Sugita, Seiji; Gilmore, Martha S.; Kamp, Lucas W.; Carlson, Robert W.; Baines, Kevin H.

2008-12-01

We evaluated the spatial variation of Venusian surface emissivity at 1.18 μm wavelength and that of near-surface atmospheric temperature using multispectral images obtained by the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on board the Galileo spacecraft. The Galileo NIMS observed the nightside thermal emission from the surface and the deep atmosphere of Venus, which is attenuated by scattering from the overlying clouds. To analyze the NIMS data, we used a radiative transfer model based on the adding method. Although there is still an uncertainty in the results owing to the not well known parameters of the atmosphere, our analysis revealed that the horizontal temperature variation in the near-surface atmosphere is no more than +/-2 K on the Venusian nightside and also suggests that the majority of lowlands likely has higher emissivity compared to the majority of highlands. One interpretation for the latter result is that highland materials are generally composed of felsic rocks. Since formation of a large body of granitic magmas requires water, the presence of granitic terrains would imply that Venus may have had an ocean and a mechanism to recycle water into the mantle in the past.

NIMS: hotspots on Io during G2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft imaged Io at high spectral resolution at a range of 439,000 km (275,000 miles) during the G2 encounter on 7 September 1996. This image shows (on the right) Io as seen in the infrared by NIMS. The image on the left shows the same view from Voyager in 1979. This NIMS image can be compared to the NIMS images from the G1 orbit (June 1996) to monitor changes on Io. The NIMS image is at 4.9 microns, showing thermal emissions from the hotspots. The brightness of the pixels is a function of size and temperature.

At least 10 hotspots have been identified and can be matched with surface features. An accurate determination of the position of the hotspot in the vicinity of Shamash Patera is pending. Hotspots are seen in the vicinity of Prometheus, Volund and Marduk, all sites of volcanic plume activity during the Galileo encounters, and also of active plumes in 1979. Temperatures and areas have been calculated for the hotspots shown. Temperatures range from 828 K (1031 F) to 210 K (- 81.4 F). The lowest temperature is significantly higher than the Io background (non-hotspot) surface temperature of about 100 K (-279 F). Hotspot areas range from 6.5 square km (2.5 sq miles) to 40,000 sq km (15,400 sq miles). The hottest hotspots have smallest areas, and the cooler hotspots have the largest areas. NIMS is continuing to observe Io to monitor volcanic activity throughout the Galileo mission.

The Galileo mission is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the Galileo mission home page on the World Wide Web at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Toward an Integrated System for Command and Control Net-Centric Web Services and Sustainment: Application to Homland Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

the public and for first responders to access disaster information and services provided by government agencies and non- governmental organizations...thereby reducing the performance gap for a single federal disaster-management site. DMIS provides government and non- governmental organizations...NIMS) and Na- tional Response Framework (NRF): a. First responders b. Local governments and agencies c. Regional and federal agencies 2

76 FR 3648 - NIMS Training Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Federal Emergency Management Agency [Docket ID FEMA-2009-0012] NIMS Training Plan AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Notice of availability; request for comments. SUMMARY: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is requesting public...

Multistability and switching in oppositely-directed saturated coupler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nithyanandan, K.; Shafeeque Ali, A. K.; Porsezian, K.; Nishad, M. P. M.; Tchofo Dinda, P.; Grelu, Ph.

2018-06-01

We investigate theoretically the optical multistability that takes place in a two-core oppositely-directed saturated coupler (ODSC) having negative index material (NIM) channel. The dynamics are studied using the Lagrangian variational method, and analytical solutions are constructed with Jacobi elliptic functions. The ODSC exhibits a bandgap as a consequence of the effective feedback mechanism due to the opposite directionality of the phase velocity and the Poynting vector in the NIM channel. Depending on the strength of the nonlinear saturation, the system admits multiple stable states. Considering the additional degrees of design freedom with respect to conventional nonlinear couplers, the ODSC could become an attractive choice for all-optical switching. The existence of multiple transmission resonance windows could also facilitate the realization of gap solitons.

Wave refraction in negative-index media: always positive and very inhomogeneous.

PubMed

Valanju, P M; Walser, R M; Valanju, A P

2002-05-06

We present the first treatment of the refraction of physical electromagnetic waves in newly developed negative index media (NIM), also known as left-handed media (LHM). The NIM dispersion relation implies that group fronts refract positively even when phase fronts refract negatively. This difference results in rapidly dispersing, very inhomogeneous waves. In fact, causality and finite signal speed always prevent negative wave signal (not phase) refraction. Earlier interpretations of phase refraction as "negative light refraction" and "light focusing by plane slabs" are therefore incorrect, and published NIM experiments can be explained without invoking negative signal refraction.

A cost and utility analysis of NIM/CAMAC standards and equipment for shuttle payload data acquisition and control systems. Volume 2: Tasks 1 and 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A representative set of payloads for both science and applications disciplines were selected that would ensure a realistic and statistically significant estimate of equipment utilization. The selected payloads were analyzed to determine the applicability of Nuclear Instrumentation Modular (NIM)/Computer Automated Measurement Control (CAMAC) equipment in satisfying their data acquisition and control requirements. The analyses results were combined with the comparable results from related studies to arrive at an overall assessment of the applicability and commonality of NIM/CAMAC equipment usage across the spectrum of payloads.

A single-layer wide-angle negative-index metamaterial at visible frequencies.

PubMed

Burgos, Stanley P; de Waele, Rene; Polman, Albert; Atwater, Harry A

2010-05-01

Metamaterials are materials with artificial electromagnetic properties defined by their sub-wavelength structure rather than their chemical composition. Negative-index materials (NIMs) are a special class of metamaterials characterized by an effective negative index that gives rise to such unusual wave behaviour as backwards phase propagation and negative refraction. These extraordinary properties lead to many interesting functions such as sub-diffraction imaging and invisibility cloaking. So far, NIMs have been realized through layering of resonant structures, such as split-ring resonators, and have been demonstrated at microwave to infrared frequencies over a narrow range of angles-of-incidence and polarization. However, resonant-element NIM designs suffer from the limitations of not being scalable to operate at visible frequencies because of intrinsic fabrication limitations, require multiple functional layers to achieve strong scattering and have refractive indices that are highly dependent on angle of incidence and polarization. Here we report a metamaterial composed of a single layer of coupled plasmonic coaxial waveguides that exhibits an effective refractive index of -2 in the blue spectral region with a figure-of-merit larger than 8. The resulting NIM refractive index is insensitive to both polarization and angle-of-incidence over a +/-50 degree angular range, yielding a wide-angle NIM at visible frequencies.

A QUICK OVERVIEW OF MASS SPECTROMETRY, NEGATIVE IONS, AND TOXAPHENE DETERMINATION (PROPOSED METHOD 8276)

EPA Science Inventory

A new method for toxaphene and toxaphene congener determination has been proposed by OSW as the response to an internal report from the OIG relative to toxaphene determination. In the course of this development, ORD was asked to prepare a new GC/NIMS protocol for 8081 analytes t...

Observations of Jupiter thermal emission made by the Infrared Telescope Facility and the Galileo NIMS instrument

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

These observations of Jupiter equator in thermal heat emission were made by NASA Infrared Telescope Facility top panel within hours of the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer NIMS instrument image middle inset and the spectra bottom.

Galileo NIMS Observations of Europa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirley, J. H.; Ocampo, A. C.; Carlson, R. W.

2000-10-01

The Galileo spacecraft began its tour of the Jovian system in December, 1995. The Galileo Millenium Mission (GMM) is scheduled to end in January, 2003. The opportunities to observe Europa in the remaining orbits are severely limited. Thus the catalog of NIMS observations of Europa is virtually complete. We summarize and describe this extraordinary dataset, which consists of 77 observations. The observations may be grouped in three categories, based on the scale of the data (km/pixel). The highest-resolution observations, with projected scales of 1-9 km/pixel, comprise one important subset of the catalog. These 29 observations sample both leading and trailing hemispheres at low and high latitudes. They have been employed in studies exploring the chemical composition of the non-ice surface materials on Europa (McCord et al., 1999, JGR 104, 11,827; Carlson et al., 1999, Science 286, 97). A second category consists of regional observations at moderate resolution. These 15 observations image Europa's surface at scales of 15-50 km/pixel, appropriate for construction of regional and global mosaics. A gap in coverage for longitudes 270-359 W may be partially filled during the 34th orbit of GMM. The final category consists of 33 global observations with scales ranging upward from 150 km/pixel. The noise levels are typically much reduced in comparison to observations taken deep within Jupiter's magnetosphere. Distant observations obtained during the 11th orbit revealed the presence of hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface (Carlson et al., 1999b, Science 283, 2062). NIMS observations are archived in ISIS-format "cubes," which are available to researchers through the Planetary Data System (http://www-pdsimage.jpl.nasa.gov/PDS/Public/Atlas/Atlas.html). Detailed guides to every NIMS observation may be downloaded from the NIMS web site (http://jumpy.igpp.ucla.edu/ nims/).

Fast therapeutic hypothermia prevents post-cardiac arrest syndrome through cyclophilin D-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition inhibition.

PubMed

Jahandiez, Vincent; Cour, Martin; Bochaton, Thomas; Abrial, Maryline; Loufouat, Joseph; Gharib, Abdallah; Varennes, Annie; Ovize, Michel; Argaud, Laurent

2017-07-01

The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which is regulated by the matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD), plays a key role in the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest (CA) syndrome. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia could prevent post-CA syndrome through a CypD-mediated PTP inhibition in both heart and brain. In addition, we investigated whether specific pharmacological PTP inhibition would confer additive protection to cooling. Adult male New Zealand White rabbits underwent 15 min of CA followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Five groups (n = 10-15/group) were studied: control group (CA only), hypothermia group (HT, hypothermia at 32-34 °C induced by external cooling at reperfusion), NIM group (injection at reperfusion of 2.5 mg/kg NIM811, a specific CypD inhibitor), HT + NIM, and sham group. The following measurements were taken: hemodynamics, echocardiography, and cellular damage markers (including S100β protein and troponin Ic). Oxidative phosphorylation and PTP opening were assessed on mitochondria isolated from both brain and heart. Acetylation of CypD was measured by immunoprecipitation in both the cerebral cortex and myocardium. Hypothermia and NIM811 significantly prevented cardiovascular dysfunction, pupillary areflexia, and early tissue damage. Hypothermia and NIM811 preserved oxidative phosphorylation, limited PTP opening in both brain and heart mitochondria and prevented increase in CypD acetylation in brain. There were no additive beneficial effects in the combination of NIM811 and therapeutic hypothermia. In conclusion, therapeutic hypothermia limited post-CA syndrome by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition mainly through a CypD-dependent mechanism.

Managing the risk of non-indigenous marine species transfer in Singapore using a study of vessel movement.

PubMed

Lim, Chin Sing; Leong, Yi Lin; Tan, Koh Siang

2017-02-15

Shipping is recognized as a major vector for the global transfer of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS). As a major transshipment port, Singapore can minimize the risk of NIMS transfer by implementing pragmatic management strategies, such as using vessel movement information to assess the risk of NIMS transfer. Findings from vessel movement information in a major port terminal in Singapore showed that vessel residence time is short, with >92% of vessels spending seven days or less. There was little variation in vessel residence time to vessel arrival numbers, while the top three last ports of call were found to be from regional ports. Using two key features obtained from vessel movement records, 1) vessel residence time and 2) biogeographic origin of the vessels' last port of call, a simple risk assessment matrix was constructed and applied to assess the level of risk of NIMS transfer by transiting vessels. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Caspase Activity Is Required for Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells

PubMed Central

Shklyar, Boris; Levy-Adam, Flonia; Mishnaevski, Ketty

2013-01-01

Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytic neighbors is crucial for normal development of multicellular organisms. However, how phagocytes discriminate between healthy and dying cells remains poorly understood. We focus on glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons during development of the Drosophila central nervous system. We identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a ligand on apoptotic cells for the phagocytic receptor Six Microns Under (SIMU) and report that PS alone is not sufficient for engulfment. Our data reveal that, additionally to PS exposure, caspase activity is required for clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Here we demonstrate that SIMU recognizes and binds PS on apoptotic cells through its N-terminal EMILIN (EMI), Nimrod 1 (NIM1), and NIM2 repeats, whereas the C-terminal NIM3 and NIM4 repeats control SIMU affinity to PS. Based on the structure-function analysis of SIMU, we discovered a novel mechanism of internal inhibition responsible for differential affinities of SIMU to its ligand which might prevent elimination of living cells exposing PS on their surfaces. PMID:23754750

Report on NIM-NMC bilateral comparison: SPRT calibration comparison from -190°C to 420°C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jianping; Ye, Shaochun; Wang, Li; Zhang, Jintao; Kho, Haoyuan

2016-01-01

A bilateral comparison of local realization of the International temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90) between National Institute of Metrology (NIM) and National Metrology Centre (NMC) was carried out over the temperature range from -190°C to 420°C. It involved six fixed points including the argon triple point, the mercury triple point, the triple point of water, the melting point of gallium, the freezing point of tin and the freezing point of zinc. In 2009, NMC asked NIM to participate in a bilateral comparison to link the NMC results to the Consultative Committee for Thermometry Key comparison 3 (CCT-K3) and facilitate the NMC's Calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) submission. This comparison was agreed by NIM and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in 2009, and registered in the Key Comparison Database (KCDB) in 2010 as CCT-K3.2. NMC supplied two 25 Ω fused silica sheath standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) as traveling standards. One of them was used at the Ga, Sn and Zn fixed points, while the other one was used at the Ar and Hg fixed point. NMC measured them before and after NIM measurement. During the comparison, a criterion for the SPRT was set as the stability at the triple point of water to be less than 0.3 mK. The results for both laboratories are summarized. A proposal for linking the NMC's comparison results to CCT-K3 is presented. The difference between NMC and NIM and the difference between NMC and the CCT-K3 Average Reference Value (ARV) using NIM as a link are reported with expanded uncertainties at each measured fixed point. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

ERCMExpress. Volume 2, Issue 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2006

2006-01-01

This issue of ERCMExpress presents "The National Incident Management System" (NIMS) is the United States' uniform system for managing domestic incidents and is suitable for schools to implement in the four phases of their crisis planning: (1) prevention-mitigation; (2) preparedness; (4) recovery. The NIMS is a comprehensive approach to…

NOAA Homeland Security Program Office

Science.gov Websites

Emergency Managment Institute IS 100.b - Introduction to Incident Command System IS 700.a - NIMS An Introduction IS 701.b - NIMS Multiagency Coordination System (MACS) Course IS 800.b - National Response Framework, An Introduction United States Coast Guard; Maritime Domain Awareness Privacy Act Statement

Final report on bilateral supplementary comparison APMP.M.P-S5 in hydraulic gauge pressure from 1 MPa to 10 MPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yue, J.; Yang, Y.; Sabuga, W.

2016-01-01

This report summarizes the results of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) supplementary comparison APMP.M.P-S5 for hydraulic gauge pressure in the range of 1 MPa to 10 MPa, which is a bilateral comparison carried out at the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany (PTB) during the period June 2014 to June 2015. NIM piloted the comparison and provided the transfer standard, which was a piston-cylinder assembly (PCA) of 1 cm2 nominal effective area built in a hydraulic pressure balance manufactured by Fluke Corporation. The laboratory standards of NIM and PTB are both hydraulic pressure balances equipped with PCAs, of which the nominal effective area is 1 cm2 for NIM and 5 cm2 for PTB. The results of the comparison successfully demonstrated that the hydraulic gauge pressure standards of NIM and PTB in the range of 1 MPa to 10 MPa are equivalent within their claimed uncertainties. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Prevalence of β-lactam (blaTEM) and Metronidazole (nim) Resistance Genes in the Oral Cavity of Greek Subjects

PubMed Central

Koukos, Georgios; Konstantinidis, Antonios; Tsalikis, Lazaros; Arsenakis, Minas; Slini, Theodora; Sakellari, Dimitra

2016-01-01

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of blaTEM and nim genes that encode resistance to β-lactams and nitroimidazoles, respectively, in the oral cavity of systemically healthy Greek subjects. Materials and Methodology: After screening 720 potentially eligible subjects, 154 subjects were recruited for the study, including 50 periodontally healthy patients, 52 cases of gingivitis and 52 cases of chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe. Various samples were collected from the tongue, first molars and pockets >6mm, and analysed by polymerase chain reaction-amplification of the blaTEM and nim genes, using primers and conditions previously described in the literature. Results: There was a high rate of detection of blaTEM in plaque and tongue samples alike in all periodontal conditions (37% of plaque and 60% of tongue samples, and 71% of participants). The blaTEM gene was detected more frequently in the tongue samples of the periodontally healthy (56%) and chronic periodontitis (62%) groups compared to the plaque samples from the same groups (36% and 29%, respectively; z-test with Bonferroni corrections-tests, P<0.05). The nim gene was not detected in any of the 343 samples analysed. Conclusion: The oral cavity of Greek subjects often harbours blaTEM but not nim genes, and therefore the antimicrobial activity of β-lactams might be compromised. PMID:27099637

Galileo's Last Fly-Bys of Io: NIMS Observations of Loki, Tupan, and Emakong Calderas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Kamp, L. W.; Davies, A. G.; Smythe, W. D.; Carlson, R. W.; Doute, S.; McEwen, A.; Turtle, E. P.; Leader, F.; Mehlman, R.

2002-01-01

NIMS results from the 2001 Galileo fly-bys of Io will be presented, focusing on three calderas that may contain lava lakes. Preliminary results from the January 2002 Io fly-by will be presented. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

"Data Acquisition Systems"

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Unterweger, Michael; Costrell, Louis deceased

2009-07-07

This project involved support for Lou Costrell and myself in the development of IEEE and IEC standards for nuclear counting and data acquisition systems. Over the years, as a result of this support, Lou and I were able to attend standards meetings of IEEE and IEC, which led directly to the publication of many standards for NIM systems, FastBus and CAMAC. We also chaired several writing committees as well as ANSI N42 (Nuclear instrumentation), IEEE NIM (NIM standard), IEEE NID (NPSS nuclear instruments and detector) and IEC TC45 WG9 (Nuclear instrumentation). Through this support we were able to assure thatmore » the interests of the US and DOE were expressed and implemented in the various standards.« less

Engaging Contexts for the Game of Nim

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeves, Charles A.; Gleichowski, Rosemarie Reeves

2007-01-01

Middle school teachers realize the value of students playing games in mathematics classes if those games emphasize problem-solving strategies, algebraic reasoning, or spatial sense. This article describes various versions of the traditional game of nim and shows how working backward can be used to find a winning strategy. The link is then made…

Tunable and Reconfigurable Optical Negative-Index Materials with Low Losses

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-21

to study metric signature transitions and the cosmological “Big Bang”. • A theory for basic nonlinear optical processes in NIMs and in double...h-MMs) can be used to study metric signature transitions and the cosmological “Big Bang”. • A theory for basic nonlinear optical processes in NIMs

Power Outputs and Volumetric Eruption Rates for Ionian Volcanoes from Galileo-NIMS Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davies, A. G.

2001-01-01

Volumetric eruption rates for a number of Io volcanoes are calculated as a function of volcanic thermal output. Thermal output is determined using 2-temperature fits to NIMS data. Typical eruption rates are larger than terrestrial eruptions of similar style. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

[The first metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides species isolated at Marmara University Hospital: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron].

PubMed

Toprak Ülger, Nurver; Sayın, Elvan; Soyad, Ad; Dane, Faysal; Söyletir, Güner

2013-10-01

Bacteroides species, the predominant constituents of the human intestinal microbiota can cause serious intraabdominal and postoperative wound infections and bacteremia. Moreover, these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the other anaerobes. The limited number of the antimicrobials, such as carbapenems, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and nitroimidazoles are highly effective in eliminating Bacteroides. However, a few metronidazole-resistant isolates have been reported from several countries recently. The nim genes (nim A-G) are suggested to be responsible for the majority of the metronidazole resistance. Here, we describe a metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolated from a blood culture. A gram-negative obligate anaerobic rod was isolated from the postoperative 5th day blood culture of a 62-year-old male patient with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas head. The strain was identified as B.thetaiotaomicron by using a combination of conventional tests and commercially available biochemical kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by agar dilution method. The resistance genes were investigated by means of PCR using specific primer pairs for nim gene. The purified PCR product was sequenced and analyzed by comparison of the consensus sequences with GenBank sequences. The MIC for metronidazole was 16 mg/L. Although the strain was intermediate according the CLSI criteria, it was resistant (> 4 mg/L) according to EUCAST criteria. The isolate was nim gene positive, and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR product shared 100% similarity with nimE gene (emb |AM042593.1 |). On the other hand the isolate was susceptible to carbapenems and sulbactam-ampicillin. Following administration of ampicillin-sulbactam, the patient's fever disappeared after 24 hours. The clinical condition improved considerably and he was discharged at day 8. The patient was followed up at the medical oncology clinic; however he died due to disease progression six months after surgery. Since anaerobic bacteremia is associated with high mortality rate, prompt diagnosis and proper management are critical. The studies on Bacteroides bacteremia have revealed adverse outcomes in patients receiving antibiotics to which the bacterium was resistant. In the present case, the metronidazole-resistant organism would be reported as susceptible according to CLSI breakpoint value and on account of this result the treatment might lead to clinical failure. Therefore EUCAST MIC values seem to be more rational in case of Bacteroides antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Comparison of Hybrid K-Edge Densitometer (HKED) Performance Operating with the Canberra Lynx MCA and the Canberra ICB-NIM Electronics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McElroy, Robert Dennis

From the 1991 until 2008 the Canberra Hybrid K-Edge Densitometer systems were provided with ICB-NIM (Integrated Control Bus – Nuclear Instrument Module) acquisition electronics. Newer electronics modules, such as the Lynx, were not supported under the VMS based operating system. The LYNX module was provided as the standard acquisition electronics following the release of the Windows based CHKED software. This report compares the electronics dead-time, gain shifts, detector resolution and measurement performance of the HKED system operated with the two types of acquisition modules. The comparison was performed using measurements obtained with the ORNL HKED system. The original intent ofmore » this study was to take advantage of both the timing and energy outputs from the HPGE detector to acquire data with both sets of electronics in parallel. Although this approach has been applied successfully with other systems, in this case we found the timing output produced a significant amount of noise such that a comparison between the electronics would be invalid. So the comparative measurements were performed sequentially. The ICB-NIM data was acquired over the course of 12 months with 255 measurements while the LYNX data was acquired over a period of 10 months with 75 measurements. To simplify the comparison, all data used in this study was acquired using the Canberra CHKED (V1.0) software package. The performance analysis was based primarily on the peak locations, peak widths and concentration values reported by the CHKED software. The raw spectra from the XRF measurements were also examined to extract additional 109Cd peak location and width data for the hybrid measurements (the standard hybrid report template does not report these values).« less

Nonlinear imaging (NIM) of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite panels using a semi and full air-coupled linear and nonlinear ultrasound technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malfense Fierro, Gian Piero; Meo, Michele

2018-03-01

Two non-contact methods were evaluated to address the reliability and reproducibility concerns affecting industry adoption of nonlinear ultrasound techniques for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT/E) purposes. A semi and a fully air-coupled linear and nonlinear ultrasound method was evaluated by testing for barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite materials. Air coupled systems provide various advantages over contact driven systems; such as: ease of inspection, no contact and lubrication issues and a great potential for non-uniform geometry evaluation. The semi air-coupled setup used a suction attached piezoelectric transducer to excite the sample and an array of low-cost microphones to capture the signal over the inspection area, while the second method focused on a purely air-coupled setup, using an air-coupled transducer to excite the structure and capture the signal. One of the issues facing nonlinear and any air-coupled systems is transferring enough energy to stimulate wave propagation and in the case of nonlinear ultrasound; damage regions. Results for both methods provided nonlinear imaging (NIM) of damage regions using a sweep excitation methodology, with the semi aircoupled system providing clearer results.

Development of a mass spectrometer for planetary exosphere exploration: from simulations to a flight like design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Stefan; Tulej, Marek; Wurz, Peter

2017-04-01

The exploration of habitable environments around the gas giants in the Solar System is of major interest in upcoming planetary missions. Exactly this theme is addressed by the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of ESA, which will characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats [1], [2]. We developed a prototype of the Neutral gas and Ion Mass spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) for the JUICE mission intended for composition measurements of neutral gas and thermal plasma [3]. NIM/PEP will be used to measure the chemical composition of the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons. Besides direct ion measurement, the NIM instrument is able to measure the inflowing neutral gas in two different modes: in neutral mode the gas enters directly the ion source (open source) and in thermal mode, the gas gets thermally accommodated to wall temperature by several collisions inside an equilibrium sphere before entering the ion source (closed source). We started the development of NIM with detailed ion-optical simulations and optimisations using SIMION software. Based on the ion-optical design we developed a prototype of NIM with several iterations. We tested the prototype NIM under realistic mission conditions and thereby successfully verified its required functionality. We will present the development process from ion-optical simulation up to NIM prototype test results and the concluded flight like design. Furthermore, we will provide an insight into the working principle of NIM and its performance, based on measurement data. References: 1) ESA, "JUICE assessment study report (Yellow Book)", ESA/SRE(2011)18, 2012. 2) O. Grasset, M.K. Dougherty, A. Coustenis, E.J. Bunce, C. Erd, D. Titov, M. Blanc, A. Coates, P. Drossart, L.N. Fletcher, H. Hussmann, R. Jaumann, N. Krupp, J.-P. Lebreton, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Tortora, F. Tosi, T. Van Hoolst, "JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA mission to orbit Ganymede and to characterise the Jupiter system", Planet. Space Sci., 2013, 78, pp. 1 - 21. 3) S. Barabash, P. Wurz, P. Brandt, M. Wieser, M. Holmström, Y. Futaana, G. Stenberg, H. Nilsson, A. Eriksson, M. Tulej, A. Vorburger, N. Thomas, C. Paranicas, D.G. Mitchell, G. Ho, B.H. Mauk, D. Haggerty, J.H. Westlake, M. Fränz, N. Krupp, E. Roussos, E. Kallio, W. Schmidt, K. Szego, S. Szalai, K. Khurana, Xianzhe Jia, C. Paty, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, B. Heber, K. Asamura, M. Grande, H. Lammer, T. Zhang, S. McKenna-Lawlor, S.M. Krimigis, T. Sarris, and D. Grodent, "Particle Environment Package (PEP)," proceedings of the European Planetary Science Congress, 8 (2013), EPSC2013-709.

Io's Thermal Regions and Non-SO2 Spectral Features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smythe, W. D.; Soderblom, L. A.; Lopes, R. M. C.

2003-01-01

Several absorptions have been identified in the Galileo NIMS spectra of Io that are not related to SO2. [1,2]. These absorptions have band centers at 2.97, 3.15, 3.85, and 3.91 microns. There are also broad absorptions in the regions 1-1.3 and 3- 3.4 microns. Patterning noise in wavelength registration, arising from the pushbroom imaging and grating motion of the NIMS instrument have previously inhibited reliable mapping of weak absorptions. Recent improvements in techniques to remove the coherent pattern noise from the NIMS dataset have been made by Soderblom. This greatly improves the signal to noise ratio and enables mapping of weak spectral signatures such as the 3.15 micron absorption on Io.

Nekton Interaction Monitoring System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2017-03-15

The software provides a real-time processing system for sonar to detect and track animals, and to extract water column biomass statistics in order to facilitate continuous monitoring of an underwater environment. The Nekton Interaction Monitoring System (NIMS) extracts and archives tracking and backscatter statistics data from a real-time stream of data from a sonar device. NIMS also sends real-time tracking messages over the network that can be used by other systems to generate other metrics or to trigger instruments such as an optical video camera. A web-based user interface provides remote monitoring and control. NIMS currently supports three popular sonarmore » devices: M3 multi-beam sonar (Kongsberg), EK60 split-beam echo-sounder (Simrad) and BlueView acoustic camera (Teledyne).« less

The Effectiveness of Neurological Impress Method on Reading Fluency of Students with Learning Disabilities in Amman, Jordan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ziadat, Ayed H.; AL-Awan, Mohammad Soud A.

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Neurological Impress Method (NIM) on reading fluency of students with learning disabilities in Amman, Jordan. A sample of forty students (boys and girls) between the ages 10-12 years old with learning disabilities were selected from the Fourth Amman Educational Directorate in the Hashemite…

New Style of Volcanic Eruption Activity Identified in Galileo NIMS data at Marduk Fluctus, Io

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, A. G.; Davies, R. L.; Veeder, G. J.; de Kleer, K.; De Pater, I.; Matson, D.

2017-12-01

Analysis of observations of Marduk Fluctus, Io, by the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) reveals a style of volcanic activity not previously seen on Io - a very short-duration, highly-changeable, powerful thermal event, similar to what might be expected from a strombolian-like explosion. Marduk Fluctus is a persistent active volcano characterised by ≈3600 km2 of silicate flows [1]. Between 1996 and 2001, NIMS obtained 44 observations of Marduk Fluctus at a wide variety of spatial and spectral resolutions. Six observations were obtained during Galileo orbit E4, with five nighttime observations obtained on 1996 Dec 19 in the space of less than three hours. Three of these observations were each separated by one minute. Compared to the previous observation obtained a few hours earlier, the first two of these three observations show an order of magnitude increase in spectral radiance (corrected for emission angle). Spectral radiance then dropped back to the background level one minute later. The emission angles for these five E4 observations are large (>70°), but even without the emission angle radiance correction the spike in activity is still a factor of five larger than the pre- and post-spike radiances. The NIMS spectrum of the central observation shows a shift in peak of thermal emission to short wavelengths characteristic of the exposure of a large area of incandescent lava. The rapid increase and decrease in activity suggests an equally rapid physical process, the most likely being a large strombolian explosion that generated small clasts that cooled rapidly. The presence of such events provide an additional volcanic process that can be imaged with the intent of determining lava composition from eruption temperature, an important constraint on internal composition and state. For this particular eruption type, eruption temperature can be constrained if non-saturated, multiple-wavelength IR observations are obtained simultaneously and with very short integration times [2] to overcome uncertainties introduced by rapid cooling. References: [1] Veeder, G. J. et al. (2012) Icarus, 219, 701-722. [2] Davies A. G. et al. (2017) JVGR, in press, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.016. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA.

Personality assessment inventory profile and predictors of elevations among dissociative disorder patients.

PubMed

Stadnik, Ryan D; Brand, Bethany; Savoca, Angela

2013-01-01

Assessing patients with dissociative disorders (DD) using personality tests is difficult. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 ( J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989 ), DD patients often obtain elevations on multiple clinical scales as well as on validity scales that were thought to indicate exaggeration yet have been shown to be elevated among traumatized individuals, including those with DD. No research has been conducted to determine how DD patients score on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. C. Morey, 1991 ), which includes the symptom exaggeration scale Negative Impression (NIM) and the malingering scales Malingering Index (MAL) and Rogers Discriminant Function (RDF). The goals of this study were to document the PAI profile of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) patients and to determine how the validity and Schizophrenia scales are related to other PAI scales as well as dissociation. A total of 42 inpatients with DID or DDNOS were assessed on the PAI as well as the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II. The DID/DDNOS patients were elevated on many PAI scales, including NIM and, to a lesser extent, MAL, but not RDF. Dissociation scores significantly and uniquely predicted NIM scores above and beyond Depression and Borderline Features. In addition, after we controlled for MAL and RDF, dissociation was positively associated with NIM. In contrast, after we controlled for the other 2 scales, dissociation was not related to MAL and was negatively related to RDF, indicating that RDF and, to a lesser extent, MAL are better correlates of feigning in DD patients than NIM.

Hotspots on Io During the Ganymede 2 Encounter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft imaged Io at high spectral resolution at a range of 439,000 km (275,000 miles) during the G2 encounter on 6 September 1996. This image shows, on the right, Io as seen by NIMS, centered on 150 W longitude. The image on the left shows the same view point from Voyager data (from the encounters in 1979 and 1980). The NIMS image can be compared to the NIMS hotspot image from the G1 orbit (June 1996) to monitor changes on Io. The most dramatic feature of the G2 image is the hotspot at Malik Patera. Preliminary analysis of the data yields a temperature of at least 1000 K (727 C) for this hotspot, an increase of more than 300 K from the G1 encounter. In the overlap area of the G1 and G2 images all the hotspots seen during the G1 encounter are also seen in the G2 image. Other hotspots were seen, including one at the Pele plume origin site. This image is at the 4 micron band to best view the Malik hotspot. Most of the other hotspots are best seen at longer wavelengths. NIMS is continuing to observe Io to monitor volcanic activity throughout the Galileo mission.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Activity-Based Introduction to the Binary System: Nim Game Winning Strategy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaninsky, A.

2007-01-01

The paper's aim is to demonstrate the utility of the well-known Nim game when it is used as a tool in teaching the binary system. A way to increase student comprehension, it also forms a basis for student projects and extracurricular activities on the topic. The paper offers descriptions of two versions of the game and the underlying mathematical…

NIMS: hotspots on Io during G2 (continued)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

This is another Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) image of Io, taken during the G2 encounter in September 1996. This is a dayside image of Io (on the right) against the clouds of Jupiter (the blue background). On the left is a Voyager mosaic of Io with the same viewing geometry for comparison purposes. This NIMS data set has been processed to highlight the positions of hot spots on the surface of Io. At least 11 can be seen. Two of the hotspots are newly discovered by the NIMS instrument. Others correspond to sites of plume eruptions and volcanic calderas and volcanic flows. This image can be compared with the SSI image P-47971 released on October 23, 1996, which was taken almost exactly the same position.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Investigation of the atmospheres of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto with PEP/JUICE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wurz, Peter; Tulej, Marek; Vorburger, Audrey; Thomas, Nicolas; Barabash, Stas; Wieser, Martin; Lammer, Helmut

2013-04-01

The Particle Environment Package (PEP) suite of instruments has been proposed for the JUICE mission, which contains sensors for the comprehensive measurements of electrons, ions and neutrals. One of the instruments for neutral particles is the Neutral and Ion Mass spectrometer instrument (NIM). NIM is a time-of-flight neutral gas and thermal ion mass spectrometer and is optimised for exospheric investigations. Full mass spectra (1 - 1000 amu, m/Δm = 1100) are recorded with high cadence, typically every 100 s, and during flybys even at 1 s cadence. In a 5-s spectrum the detection threshold is 10-16 mbar (about 1 cm-3). Various physical processes are acting on the surfaces of Jupiter's icy moons (Europa, Ganymede, Callisto) to promote material from the surface into the exosphere. These are thermal desorption (sublimation), photon stimulated desorption, ion-induced sputtering, and micro-meteorite impact vaporisation (Wurz and Lammer, 2003; Wurz et al., 2010). At Europa, sputtering is the most important surface release process (Johnson et al., 2009), which releases all species present on the surface more or less stoichiometrically into the exosphere, allowing to derive the chemical composition of the surface from the exospheric measurements. However, the chemical composition of the surface is modified by the bombardment of energetic electrons and ions, and the ultraviolet radiation. For example, species like H2, O2, H2O2 or O3 begin to be produced in the top surface layer and are later released into the exosphere by various means. Also, the co-rotation plasma's electrons and to a smaller extent the UV photons cause fragmentation and ionisation of molecules at some locations in these exospheres. We calculated the expected densities for established and expected species in Jupiter's icy moons exospheres. We find that for the planned JUICE trajectories near these moons that NIM will record most known species because of NIM's high sensitivity, even in the presence of the severe radiation environment at Europa. With NIM's dynamic range of 105 one can measure even the D/H ratios during flybys. NIM offers the possibility of detection of yet undiscovered species, with the likely candidates from the non-ice materials Mg, Al, Si, and Ca, that will help understand the mineralogical composition of the surfaces of the moons. NIM's high mass resolution, range and sensitivity are critical in contributing to the habitability assessment of Europa by being able to investigate localised patchy regions of the exosphere indicative of sub-surface venting and to resolve chemical composition.

Composition and structure of fresh ammonia clouds on Jupiter based on quantitative analysis of Galileo/NIMS and New Horizons/LEISA spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sromovsky, L. A.; Fry, P. M.

2018-06-01

Ammonia gas has long been assumed to be the main source of condensables for the upper cloud layer on Jupiter, but distinctive spectral features associated with ammonia have been seen only rarely. Since both ammonia and NH4SH absorb in the 3 μm region, and widespread absorption in the 3 μm region was present (Sromovsky and Fry, 2010), identification of the 2 μm absorption feature of NH3 provided an opportunity to clearly establish its presence in Jovian clouds. Baines et al. (2002) succeeded in finding in Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) observations one feature that had both 2 μm and 3 μm absorption, and many which were known to have absorption at 2.73 μm. They named these Spectrally Identifiable Ammonia Clouds (SIACs). They also argued that these were fresh ammonia clouds that would eventually succumb to some process that would obscure their absorption features. Detection of many more of the 2 μm features was later achieved by New Horizon's Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) instrument, which provided both the spatial and spectral resolution needed to identify these features. Here we report on the first quantitative modeling that uses NIMS spectra over a broad (1-5.2 μm) spectral range and LEISA spectra over a much narrower (1.25-2.5 μm) spectral range to constrain the cloud structure and composition of these rare cloud features and compare them to background clouds. We find that the absorption signature at 2 μm, which is well characterized in LEISA spectra, is relatively subtle and easily matched by model clouds containing spherical particles of ammonia ice with radii of 2-4 μm. The NIMS spectra, which cover both reflected sunlight as well as thermal emission regions are more difficult to model with cloud materials plausibly present in Jupiter's atmosphere. The best signal/noise spectra obtained from NIMS provide a relatively sparse sampling of the spectrum, which does not establish the detailed shape of the 3 μm absorption region. NIMS SIAC spectra with much denser spectral sampling are limited by much higher noise levels that degrade the features that are key to identifying cloud composition. The structure which best matches the wide range NIMS SIAC spectra contains two overlapping NH3 clouds with a bi-modal size distribution over an optically thick NH4SH cloud. The bi-modal distribution may be a result of modeling non-spherical, possibly fractal aggregate, particles with spheres.

Galilean Satellite Surface Non-Ice Constituents: New Results from the Cassini/Huygens VIMS Jupiter Flyby in the Context of the Galileo NIMS Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCord, T. B.; Brown, R.; Baines, K.; Bellucci, G.; Bibring, J.-P.; Buratti, B.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Clark, R.; Coradini, A.

2001-01-01

The Cassini mission Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) is currently returning data for the Galilean satellites. Examples of the new satellite data and the initial interpretations will be presented in the context of the Galileo NIMS data and results. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

NIM: A Game-Playing Program. Artificial Intelligence Memo Number 254.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papert, Seymour; Solomon, Cynthia

Students learned to plan and write complex computer programs by writing a program for playing NIM, a game in which two players alternatively remove one, two, or three sticks from an original pile of 21, with the player taking the last one being the winner. The primary teaching purpose was to develop the idea that a final goal--i.e., winning--could…

Inferring Nonlinear Neuronal Computation Based on Physiologically Plausible Inputs

PubMed Central

McFarland, James M.; Cui, Yuwei; Butts, Daniel A.

2013-01-01

The computation represented by a sensory neuron's response to stimuli is constructed from an array of physiological processes both belonging to that neuron and inherited from its inputs. Although many of these physiological processes are known to be nonlinear, linear approximations are commonly used to describe the stimulus selectivity of sensory neurons (i.e., linear receptive fields). Here we present an approach for modeling sensory processing, termed the Nonlinear Input Model (NIM), which is based on the hypothesis that the dominant nonlinearities imposed by physiological mechanisms arise from rectification of a neuron's inputs. Incorporating such ‘upstream nonlinearities’ within the standard linear-nonlinear (LN) cascade modeling structure implicitly allows for the identification of multiple stimulus features driving a neuron's response, which become directly interpretable as either excitatory or inhibitory. Because its form is analogous to an integrate-and-fire neuron receiving excitatory and inhibitory inputs, model fitting can be guided by prior knowledge about the inputs to a given neuron, and elements of the resulting model can often result in specific physiological predictions. Furthermore, by providing an explicit probabilistic model with a relatively simple nonlinear structure, its parameters can be efficiently optimized and appropriately regularized. Parameter estimation is robust and efficient even with large numbers of model components and in the context of high-dimensional stimuli with complex statistical structure (e.g. natural stimuli). We describe detailed methods for estimating the model parameters, and illustrate the advantages of the NIM using a range of example sensory neurons in the visual and auditory systems. We thus present a modeling framework that can capture a broad range of nonlinear response functions while providing physiologically interpretable descriptions of neural computation. PMID:23874185

Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of resistance genes of obligate anaerobes isolated from periodontal abscesses.

PubMed

Xie, Yi; Chen, Jiazhen; He, Junlin; Miao, Xinyu; Xu, Meng; Wu, Xingwen; Xu, Beiyun; Yu, Liying; Zhang, Wenhong

2014-02-01

This study attempts to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of obligate anaerobic bacteria that were isolated from a periodontal abscess and to evaluate the prevalence of resistance genes in these bacteria. Forty-one periodontal abscess samples were cultivated on selective and non-selective culture media to isolate the oral anaerobes. Their antibiotic susceptibilities to clindamycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, imipenem, cefradine, cefixime, roxithromycin, and metronidazole were determined using the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect the presence of the ermF, tetQ, nim, and cfxA drug resistance genes. A total of 60 different bacterial colonies was isolated and identified. All of the isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Of the strains, 6.7%, 13.3%, 16.7%, and 25% were resistant to doxycycline, metronidazole, cefixime, and amoxicillin, respectively. The resistance rate for both clindamycin and roxithromycin was 31.7%. Approximately 60.7% of the strains had the ermF gene, and 53.3% of the amoxicillin-resistant strains were found to have the cfxA gene. Two nim genes that were found in eight metronidazole-resistant strains were identified as nimB. In the present study, the Prevotella species are the most frequently isolated obligate anaerobes from periodontal abscesses. The current results show their alarmingly high resistance rate against clindamycin and roxithromycin; thus, the use of these antibiotics is unacceptable for the empirical therapy of periodontal abscesses. A brief prevalence of four resistance genes in the anaerobic bacteria that were isolated was also demonstrated.

Preparing the National Capital Region to Conduct a Multijurisdictional and Interdisciplinary Law Enforcement Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

of NIMS, there is oftentimes a disconnection between the training and the use of NIMS. The consequences of this disconnection is that when LE needs...motivation, flexibility, communication, consensus decision making, information-sharing, 13 building social capital , having team pride, taking...of regional investigations using the different models. 3. To the National Capital Region By creating a framework for regional investigations and

Strategy for Upgrading Preparedness in Small and Rural Communities to Meet National Preparedness Standards

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

National Academy of Public Administration NEMA National Emergency Managers Association xii NICC National Infrastructure Coordinating Center NIMS...2003, p. 3). A blunt conclusion stated succinctly in the 2008 study conducted by the National Emergency Managers Association ( NEMA ) on barriers to...NIMS compliance speaks to the heart of the issue: “Poorer, rural states can’t meet implementation, training, compliance requirements” ( NEMA , 2008

Galileo infrared imaging spectrometry measurements at the Moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccord, Thomas B.; Soderblom, Larry A.; Carlson, Robert W.; Fanale, Fraser P.; Lopes-Gautier, Rosaly; Ocampo, Adriano; Forsythe, Jennifer; Campbell, Bruce; Granahan, James C.; Smythe, W. D.

1994-01-01

Imaging spectrometer observations were made of the surface of the Moon during the December 1990 flyby of the Earth-Moon system by the Galileo spacecraft. This article documents this data set and presents analyses of some of the data. The near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation obtained 17 separate mosaics of the Moon in 408 spectral channels between about 0.7 and 5.2 micrometers. The instrument was originally designed to operate in orbit about Jupiter and therefore saturates at many spectral channels for most measurement situations at 1 AU. However, sufficient measurements were made of the Moon to verify the proper operation of the instrument and to demonstrate its capabilities. Analysis of these data show that the NIMS worked as expected and produced measurements consistent with previous ground-based telescopic studies. These are the first imaging spectrometer measurements of this type from space for the Moon, and they illustrate several major points concerning this type of observation and about the NIMS capabilities specifically. Of major importance are the difference between framing and scanning instruments and the effects of the spacecraft and the scan platform on the performance of such and experiment. The science return of subsequent NIMS and other investigation measurements will be significantly enhanced by the experience and results gained.

Structural basis for the Nanos-mediated recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex and translational repression.

PubMed

Bhandari, Dipankar; Raisch, Tobias; Weichenrieder, Oliver; Jonas, Stefanie; Izaurralde, Elisa

2014-04-15

The RNA-binding proteins of the Nanos family play an essential role in germ cell development and survival in a wide range of metazoan species. They function by suppressing the expression of target mRNAs through the recruitment of effector complexes, which include the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. Here, we show that the three human Nanos paralogs (Nanos1-3) interact with the CNOT1 C-terminal domain and determine the structural basis for the specific molecular recognition. Nanos1-3 bind CNOT1 through a short CNOT1-interacting motif (NIM) that is conserved in all vertebrates and some invertebrate species. The crystal structure of the human Nanos1 NIM peptide bound to CNOT1 reveals that the peptide opens a conserved hydrophobic pocket on the CNOT1 surface by inserting conserved aromatic residues. The substitutions of these aromatic residues in the Nanos1-3 NIMs abolish binding to CNOT1 and abrogate the ability of the proteins to repress translation. Our findings provide the structural basis for the recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex by vertebrate Nanos, indicate that the NIMs are the major determinants of the translational repression mediated by Nanos, and identify the CCR4-NOT complex as the main effector complex for Nanos function.

Paterae on Io: Volcanic Activity Observed by Galileo's NIMS and SSI

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopes, Rosaly; Kamp, Lucas; Smythe, W. D.; Carlson, R.; Radebaugh, Jani; Gregg, Tracy K.

2003-01-01

Paterae are the most ubiquitous volcanic construct on Io s surface. Paterae are irregular craters, or complex craters with scalloped edges, interpreted as calderas or pit craters. Data from Galileo has shown that the activity of Ionian paterae is often confined to its interior and that generally lava flows are not seen spilling out over the edges. We use observations from Galileo s Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) to study the thermal emission from several Ionian paterae and compare them with images in visible wavelengths obtained by Galileo s Solid State Imaging System (SSI). Galileo s close fly-bys of Io from 1999 to 2001 have allowed NIMS to image the paterae at high spatial resolution (1-30 km pixel). At these scales, several of these features reveal greater thermal emission around the edges, which can be explained as the crust of a lava lake breaking up against the paterae walls. Comparisons with imaging data show that lower albedo areas (which are indicative of young lavas) coincide with higher thermal emission areas on NIMS data. Other paterae, however, show thermal emission and features in the visible that are more consistent with lava flows over a solid patera floor. Identifying eruption styles on Io is important for constraining eruption and interior models on Io.

DETERMINATION OF CHLORDANE IN SOIL BY LC/GC/ECD AND LC/GC/EC NIMS WITH COMPARISON OF ASE, SFE, AND SOXHLET EXTRACTION

EPA Science Inventory

Chlordane is a polychlorinated mixture that was used as a long-lived pesticide and now is considered a potential endocrine-disrupting compound. The Environmental Sciences Division is involved in modernizing methods for a number of analytes that are potential target substances for...

Copper(II) complexes of alloferon 1 with point mutations (H1A) and (H9A) stability structure and biological activity.

PubMed

Matusiak, Agnieszka; Kuczer, Mariola; Czarniewska, Elżbieta; Rosiński, Grzegorz; Kowalik-Jankowska, Teresa

2014-09-01

Mono- and polynuclear copper(II) complexes of the alloferon 1 with point mutations (H1A) A(1)GVSGH(6)GQH(9)GVH(12)G (Allo1A) and (H9A) H(1)GVSGH(6)GQA(9)GVH(12)G (Allo9A) have been studied by potentiometric, UV-visible, CD, EPR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS) methods. To obtain a complete complex speciation different metal-to-ligand molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 4:1 for Allo1A and to 3:1 for Allo9A were studied. The presence of the His residue in first position of the peptide chain changes the coordination abilities of the Allo9A peptide in comparison to that of the Allo1A. Imidazole-N3 atom of N-terminal His residue of the Allo9A peptide forms stable 6-membered chelate with the terminal amino group. Furthermore, the presence of two additional histidine residues in the Allo9A peptide (H(6),H(12)) leads to the formation of the CuL complex with 4N {NH2,NIm-H(1),NIm-H(6),NIm-H(12)} binding site in wide pH range (5-8). For the Cu(II)-Allo1A system, the results demonstrated that at physiological pH7.4 the predominant complex the CuH-1L consists of the 3N {NH2,N(-),CO,NIm} coordination mode. The inductions of phenoloxidase activity and apoptosis in vivo in Tenebrio molitor cells by the ligands and their copper(II) complexes at pH7.4 were studied. The Allo1A, Allo1K peptides and their copper(II) complexes displayed the lowest hemocytotoxic activity while the most active was the Cu(II)-Allo9A complex formed at pH7.4. The results may suggest that the N-terminal-His(1) and His(6) residues may be more important for their proapoptotic properties in insects than those at positions 9 and 12 in the peptide chain. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acceptance and utilisation of the Incident Command System in first response and allied disciplines: an Ohio study.

PubMed

Decker, Russell J

2011-10-01

In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, an effort was made to establish a common and uniform command structure for use by the nation's first responder organisations, as well as those disciplines generally expected to assist first responders during a major incident or disaster. The result was the issuance of the National Incident Management System1 or NIMS by the US Department of Homeland Security in 2004. Included in the NIMS document was an embracing of the Incident Command System or ICS, long utilised in the fire service for the effective management of emergency response. The NIMS doctrine also identified certain allied disciplines that needed to adopt this new system for responding to major events. Some of these disciplines included specialised first response units, such as, bomb squads and hazardous materials teams. Other partner disciplines not usually associated with emergency response to include public health and public works were also included. This study will attempt to look at a single component of NIMS, specifically the Incident Command System, and measure its acceptance and utilisation by first responder organisations and selected allied disciplines in the state of Ohio. This is particularly important at this time since the US government is being forced to reduce budgets significantly and determine which laudable policies and programmes will be cut.

Structural basis for the Nanos-mediated recruitment of the CCR4–NOT complex and translational repression

PubMed Central

Bhandari, Dipankar; Raisch, Tobias; Weichenrieder, Oliver; Jonas, Stefanie; Izaurralde, Elisa

2014-01-01

The RNA-binding proteins of the Nanos family play an essential role in germ cell development and survival in a wide range of metazoan species. They function by suppressing the expression of target mRNAs through the recruitment of effector complexes, which include the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex. Here, we show that the three human Nanos paralogs (Nanos1–3) interact with the CNOT1 C-terminal domain and determine the structural basis for the specific molecular recognition. Nanos1–3 bind CNOT1 through a short CNOT1-interacting motif (NIM) that is conserved in all vertebrates and some invertebrate species. The crystal structure of the human Nanos1 NIM peptide bound to CNOT1 reveals that the peptide opens a conserved hydrophobic pocket on the CNOT1 surface by inserting conserved aromatic residues. The substitutions of these aromatic residues in the Nanos1–3 NIMs abolish binding to CNOT1 and abrogate the ability of the proteins to repress translation. Our findings provide the structural basis for the recruitment of the CCR4–NOT complex by vertebrate Nanos, indicate that the NIMs are the major determinants of the translational repression mediated by Nanos, and identify the CCR4–NOT complex as the main effector complex for Nanos function. PMID:24736845

Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis.

PubMed

Elbaz, Nancy M; Khalil, Islam A; Abd-Rabou, Ahmed A; El-Sherbiny, Ibrahim M

2016-11-01

This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. The prepared SDs, NPs and NIMs were characterized using SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, DSC and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nickel Release, ROS Generation and Toxicity of Ni and NiO Micro- and Nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Hedberg, Jonas; Di Bucchianico, Sebastiano; Möller, Lennart; Odnevall Wallinder, Inger; Elihn, Karine; Karlsson, Hanna L.

2016-01-01

Occupational exposure to airborne nickel is associated with an elevated risk for respiratory tract diseases including lung cancer. Therefore, the increased production of Ni-containing nanoparticles necessitates a thorough assessment of their physical, chemical, as well as toxicological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the characteristics of nickel metal (Ni) and nickel oxide (NiO) particles with a focus on Ni release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Four Ni-containing particles of both nano-size (Ni-n and NiO-n) and micron-size (Ni-m1 and Ni-m2) were tested. The released amount of Ni in solution was notably higher in artificial lysosomal fluid (e.g. 80–100 wt% for metallic Ni) than in cell medium after 24h (ca. 1–3 wt% for all particles). Each of the particles was taken up by the cells within 4 h and they remained in the cells to a high extent after 24 h post-incubation. Thus, the high dissolution in ALF appeared not to reflect the particle dissolution in the cells. Ni-m1 showed the most pronounced effect on cell viability after 48 h (alamar blue assay) whereas all particles showed increased cytotoxicity in the highest doses (20–40 μg cm2) when assessed by colony forming efficiency (CFE). Interestingly an increased CFE, suggesting higher proliferation, was observed for all particles in low doses (0.1 or 1 μg cm-2). Ni-m1 and NiO-n were the most potent in causing acellular ROS and DNA damage. However, no intracellular ROS was detected for any of the particles. Taken together, micron-sized Ni (Ni-m1) was more reactive and toxic compared to the nano-sized Ni. Furthermore, this study underlines that the low dose effect in terms of increased proliferation observed for all particles should be further investigated in future studies. PMID:27434640

A Quantum Electronics Approach to Optical Negative Index Metamaterials (NIMs): Homogeneous NIMs in the Solid State

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-12

index effect at ~ 27.8 µm. This effect was theoretically predicted earlier, and it is based on coexistence of the spin wave ( magnon ) mode with the...refractive index at ~ 150 GHz, based on analogous plasmon- magnon excitation mechanism. 2.1 Fabrication of Cr doped IO material system...film, that the non-magnetic film possesses no maximum in region 27-28 µm. Such behavior is expected, since the spin waves ( magnons ) which are

Optical Fiber Power Meter Comparison Between NIST and NIM.

PubMed

Vayshenker, I; Livigni, D J; Li, X; Lehman, J H; Li, J; Xiong, L M; Zhang, Z X

2010-01-01

We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and National Institute of Metrology (NIM-China). We report optical fiber-based power measurements at nominal wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. We compare the laboratories' reference standards by means of a commercial optical power meter. Measurement results showed the largest difference of less than 2.6 parts in 10(3), which is within the combined standard (k = 1) uncertainty for the laboratories' reference standards.

Ultra low-loss, isotropic optical negative-index metamaterial based on hybrid metal-semiconductor nanowires

PubMed Central

Paniagua-Domínguez, R.; Abujetas, D. R.; Sánchez-Gil, J. A.

2013-01-01

Recently, many fascinating properties predicted for metamaterials (negative refraction, superlensing, electromagnetic cloaking,…) were experimentally demonstrated. Unfortunately, the best achievements have no direct translation to the optical domain, without being burdened by technological and conceptual difficulties. Of particular importance within the realm of optical negative-index metamaterials (NIM), is the issue of simultaneously achieving strong electric and magnetic responses and low associated losses. Here, hybrid metal-semiconductor nanowires are proposed as building blocks of optical NIMs. The metamaterial thus obtained, highly isotropic in the plane normal to the nanowires, presents a negative index of refraction in the near-infrared, with values of the real part well below −1, and extremely low losses (an order of magnitude better than present optical NIMs). Tunability of the system allows to select the operating range in the whole telecom spectrum. The design is proven in configurations such as prisms and slabs, directly observing negative refraction. PMID:23514968

Rapid kinetic characterization of glycosyl hydrolases based on oxime derivatization and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS).

PubMed

Deng, Kai; Takasuka, Taichi E; Heins, Richard; Cheng, Xiaoliang; Bergeman, Lai F; Shi, Jian; Aschenbrener, Ryan; Deutsch, Sam; Singh, Seema; Sale, Kenneth L; Simmons, Blake A; Adams, Paul D; Singh, Anup K; Fox, Brian G; Northen, Trent R

2014-07-18

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are critical to cycling of plant biomass in the environment, digestion of complex polysaccharides by the human gut microbiome, and industrial activities such as deployment of cellulosic biofuels. High-throughput sequencing methods show tremendous sequence diversity among GHs, yet relatively few examples from the over 150,000 unique domain arrangements containing GHs have been functionally characterized. Here, we show how cell-free expression, bioconjugate chemistry, and surface-based mass spectrometry can be used to study glycoside hydrolase reactions with plant biomass. Detection of soluble products is achieved by coupling a unique chemical probe to the reducing end of oligosaccharides in a stable oxime linkage, while the use of (13)C-labeled monosaccharide standards (xylose and glucose) allows quantitation of the derivatized glycans. We apply this oxime-based nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) method to characterize the functional diversity of GHs secreted by Clostridium thermocellum, a model cellulolytic organism. New reaction specificities are identified, and differences in rates and yields of individual enzymes are demonstrated in reactions with biomass substrates. Numerical analyses of time series data suggests that synergistic combinations of mono- and multifunctional GHs can decrease the complexity of enzymes needed for the hydrolysis of plant biomass during the production of biofuels.

In vivo click reaction between Tc-99m-labeled azadibenzocyclooctyne-MAMA and 2-nitroimidazole-azide for tumor hypoxia targeting.

PubMed

Sun, Wenjing; Chu, Taiwei

2015-10-15

The bioactivity of nitroimidazole in Tc-99m-labeled 2-nitroimidazole, a traditional solid tumor hypoxia-imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is reduced by the presence of large ligand and metallic radionuclide, exhibiting lower tumor-to-nontumor ratios. In an effort to solve this general problem, a pretargeting strategy based on click chemistry (strain-promoted cyclooctyne-azide cycloaddition) was applied. The functional click synthons were synthesized as pretargeting components: an azide group linked to 2-nitroimidazole (2NIM-Az) serves for tumor hypoxia-targeting and azadibenzocyclooctyne conjugated with monoamine monoamide dithiol ligand (AM) functions as radiolabeling and binding group to azides in vivo. 2NIM-triazole-MAMA was obtained from in vitro click reaction with a reaction rate constant of 0.98M(-1)s(-1). AM and 2NIM-triazole-MAMA were radiolabeled with Tc-99m. The hypoxia-pretargeting biodistribution was studied in Kunming mice bearing S180 tumor; (99m)Tc-AM and (99m)Tc-triazole-2NIM were used as blank control and conventional control. Compared to the control groups, the pretargeting experiment exhibits the best radio-uptake and retention in tumor, with higher tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios (up to 8.55 and 1.44 at 8h post-(99m)Tc-complex-injection, respectively). To some extent, the pretargeting strategy protects the bioactivity of nitroimidazole and therefore provides an innovative approach for the development of tumor hypoxia-SPECT imaging agents. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Near-infrared left-handed metamaterials made of arrays of upright split-ring pairs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, Hsun-Chi; Sun, Shulin; Guo, Guang-Yu

2018-07-01

Electromagnetic metamaterials are man-made structures that have novel properties such as a negative refraction index, not attainable in naturally occurring materials. Although negative index materials (NIMs) in microwave frequencies were demonstrated in 2001, it is still challenging to design NIMs for optical frequencies especially those with both negative permittivity and negative permeability (known as left-handed metamaterials (LHMs)). Here, by going beyond the traditional concept of the combination of artificial electronic and magnetic meta-atoms to design NIMs, we propose a novel LHM composed of an array of upright split-ring pairs working in the near-infrared region. Our electromagnetic simulations reveal the underlying mechanism that the coupling of the two rings can stimulate simultaneously both the electric and magnetic resonances. The proposed structure has a highest refractive index of  ‑2, a highest figure of merit of 21, good air-matched impedance and 180 nm double negative bandwidth, which excel the performances of many previous proposals. We also numerically demonstrate the negative refraction of this metamaterial in both the single-layer form and wedge-shaped lens.

Connecting Io's volcanic activity to the Io plasma torus: comparison of Galileo/NIMS volcanic and ground-based torus observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magalhaes, F. P.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Rathbun, J. A.; Gonzalez, W. D.; Morgenthaler, J. P.; Echer, E.; Echer, M. P. D. S.

2015-12-01

Io, the innermost of the Jupiter's four Galilean moons, is a remarkable object in the Solar System, due to its intense and energetic volcanic activity. The volcanic sulfur and oxygen in Io's tenuous atmosphere escapes forming an extended neutral cloud around Io and Jupiter. Subsequently, by ionization and pickup ions, a ring of charged particles encircling Jupiter is created, forming the Io plasma torus. Considering this scenario, it is reasonable to expect that the Io plasma torus should be affected by changes in Io's volcanism. Interactions between Io and the Jovian environment is unique and yet not very well understood. Here we present two sets of observations. One from the Galileo Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (NIMS) instrument, which obtained spectral image cubes between 0.7 and 5.2 microns. The other dataset is from ground-based observations of the [SII] 6731 Å emission lines from the Io plasma torus, obtained at McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, at Kitt Peak. Our dataset from the [SII] 6731 Å emission lines cover more years than the one from the NIMS data. The years presented in this work for a comparative study are from 1998 through 2001. Using the NIMS instrument we were able to identify which volcanoes were active and measure their level of activity. From the [SII] 6731 Å emission lines we were able to trace the densest part of the torus and also the brightness of both ansa. By comparing the results from the Galileo instrument and the ground-based observations, we are exploring how the Io plasma torus responds to large eruptions from Io. We aim with this study to help improve our understanding of this complex coupled system, Jupiter-Io.

Effects of dexamethasone and nimesulide on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: An experimental study.

PubMed

Oliveira, Camila Carvalho de; Barros Silva, Paulo Goberlânio de; Ferreira, Antonio Ernando Carlos; Gonçalves, Romélia Pinheiro; Sousa, Fabrício Bitu de; Mota, Mário Rogério Lima; Alves, Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes

2017-11-01

To evaluate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and nimesulide (NIM) on Bisphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) in rats. BRONJ was induced by zoledronic acid (ZA) infusion (0.2mg/kg) in Wistar rats (n=8), followed by extraction of the left lower first molar (BRONJ groups). Control groups (n=40) received saline (IV). For eight weeks, DEX (0.04, 0.4, 4mg/kg) or saline (SAL) were administered by gavage 24h before each infusion of ZA or saline (IV), or NIM (10.3mg/kg) was administered 24h and 12h before each infusion of ZA or saline (IV). The haematological analyses were conducted weekly. After euthanasia (day 70), the jaws were submitted to radiographic and microscopic analysis. Kidney, liver, spleen and stomach were analysed histopathologically. The BRONJ groups showed a higher radiolucent area compared with the control groups (p<0.05). Histomorphometric analysis revealed healing and new bone formation in the control groups, while the BRONJ groups exhibited devitalized bone with bacterial colonies and inflammatory infiltrate. The BRONJ-DEX 0.4 and 4mg/kg groups had a greater number of bacterial colonies (p<0.05) and an increased polymorphonuclear cell count compared to the saline-BRONJ group, while the BRONJ-NIM group had a lower polymorphonuclear count (p<0.05). The BRONJ groups had leucocytosis, which was reduced by DEX administration. Treatments with DEX with or without ZA caused white pulp atrophy. Thus, DEX or NIM therapy was not effective in preventing radiographic and histopathologic events associated with BRONJ. Treatment with DEX attenuated leucocytosis post-infusion with ZA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic, trace element, and mineralogical characterization of mafic to ultramafic rock reference materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fourny, Anaïs.; Weis, Dominique; Scoates, James S.

2016-03-01

Controlling the accuracy and precision of geochemical analyses requires the use of characterized reference materials with matrices similar to those of the unknown samples being analyzed. We report a comprehensive Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic and trace element concentration data set, combined with quantitative phase analysis by XRD Rietveld refinement, for a wide range of mafic to ultramafic rock reference materials analyzed at the Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, University of British Columbia. The samples include a pyroxenite (NIM-P), five basalts (BHVO-2, BIR-1a, JB-3, BE-N, GSR-3), a diabase (W-2), a dolerite (DNC-1), a norite (NIM-N), and an anorthosite (AN-G); results from a leucogabbro (Stillwater) are also reported. Individual isotopic ratios determined by MC-ICP-MS and TIMS, and multielement analyses by HR-ICP-MS are reported with 4-12 complete analytical duplicates for each sample. The basaltic reference materials have coherent Sr and Nd isotopic ratios with external precision below 50 ppm (2SD) and below 100 ppm for Hf isotopes (except BIR-1a). For Pb isotopic reproducibility, several of the basalts (JB-3, BHVO-2) require acid leaching prior to dissolution. The plutonic reference materials also have coherent Sr and Nd isotopic ratios (<50 ppm), however, obtaining good reproducibility for Pb and Hf isotopic ratios is more challenging for NIM-P, NIM-N, and AN-G due to a variety of factors, including postcrystallization Pb mobility and the presence of accessory zircon. Collectively, these results form a comprehensive new database that can be used by the geochemical community for evaluating the radiogenic isotope and trace element compositions of volcanic and plutonic mafic-ultramafic rocks.

KEY COMPARISON: Final report of the CCQM-K56: Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu in whole fat soybean powder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liandi, Ma; Qian, Wang

2010-01-01

The CCQM-K56 key comparison was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P64 to test the abilities of national metrology institutes to measure the amount content of nutritious elements in whole fat soybean powder. A pilot study CCQM-P64.1 was conducted in parallel with this key comparison. The National Institute of Metrology (NIM), P. R. China, acted as the coordinating laboratory. Eleven NIMs participated in CCQM-K56. Four elements - Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu - in different concentration levels have been studied. Different measurement methods (IDMS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, AAS and INAA) and the microwave digestion method were used. The agreement of the results of CCQM-K56 is very good, and obviously better than that of the original P64. It shows that the capability of all of the participants had been promoted from the original pilot study to this key comparison. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Negative Dielectric Constant Material Based on Ion Conducting Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Keith L. (Inventor); Kang, Jin Ho (Inventor); Park, Cheol (Inventor); Lillehei, Peter T. (Inventor); Harrison, Joycelyn S. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

Metamaterials or artificial negative index materials (NIMs) have generated great attention due to their unique and exotic electromagnetic properties. One exemplary negative dielectric constant material, which is an essential key for creating the NIMs, was developed by doping ions into a polymer, a protonated poly (benzimidazole) (PBI). The doped PBI showed a negative dielectric constant at megahertz (MHz) frequencies due to its reduced plasma frequency and an induction effect. The magnitude of the negative dielectric constant and the resonance frequency were tunable by doping concentration. The highly doped PBI showed larger absolute magnitude of negative dielectric constant at just above its resonance frequency than the less doped PBI.

Negative Dielectric Constant Material Based on Ion Conducting Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Keith L. (Inventor); Kang, Jin Ho (Inventor); Harrison, Joycelyn S. (Inventor); Park, Cheol (Inventor); Lillehei, Peter T. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

Metamaterials or artificial negative index materials (NIMs) have generated great attention due to their unique and exotic electromagnetic properties. One exemplary negative dielectric constant material, which is an essential key for creating the NIMs, was developed by doping ions into a polymer, a protonated poly(benzimidazole) (PBI). The doped PBI showed a negative dielectric constant at megahertz (MHz) frequencies due to its reduced plasma frequency and an induction effect. The magnitude of the negative dielectric constant and the resonance frequency were tunable by doping concentration. The highly doped PBI showed larger absolute magnitude of negative dielectric constant at just above its resonance frequency than the less doped PBI.

Eight-Channel Digital Signal Processor and Universal Trigger Module

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skulski, Wojtek; Wolfs, Frank

2003-04-01

A 10-bit, 8-channel, 40 megasamples per second digital signal processor and waveform digitizer DDC-8 (nicknamed Universal Trigger Module) is presented. The digitizer features 8 analog inputs, 1 analog output for a reconstructed analog waveform, 16 NIM logic inputs, 8 NIM logic outputs, and a pool of 16 TTL logic lines which can be individually configured as either inputs or outputs. The first application of this device is to enhance the present trigger electronics for PHOBOS at RHIC. The status of the development and the first results are presented. Possible applications of the new device are discussed. Supported by the NSF grant PHY-0072204.

24-channel dual microcontroller-based voltage controller for ion optics remote control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bengtsson, L.

2018-05-01

The design of a 24-channel voltage control instrument for Wenzel Elektronik N1130 NIM modules is described. This instrument is remote controlled from a LabVIEW GUI on a host Windows computer and is intended for ion optics control in electron affinity measurements on negative ions at the CERN-ISOLDE facility. Each channel has a resolution of 12 bits and has a normally distributed noise with a standard deviation of <1 mV. The instrument is designed as a standard 2-unit NIM module where the electronic hardware consists of a printed circuit board with two asynchronously operating microcontrollers.

A low energy ion beam facility for mass spectrometer calibration: First results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Stefan; Tulej, Marek; Wurz, Peter

2018-01-01

The exploration of habitable environments around the gas giants in the Solar System is of major interest in upcoming planetary missions. Exactly this theme is addressed by the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), which will characterise Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats. The NIM, Neutral gas and Ion Mass spectrometer, is part of the PEP experiment and will be used to measure the chemical composition of the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons. We designed and developed a calibration facility (SATANS, Supersonic cATion and ANion Source), especially for use with the NIM instrument. In a first step, we established a low energy ion beam for positive ions in the range of 0.01-30 eV. Then we conducted beam velocity calibrations with a velocity uncertainty <5%, which provided exact settings and formulas for the cation beam velocity of different gas mixtures in the range of 1-15 km/s. In addition, first results are obtained by using the NIM prototype for direct ion beam measurements under realistic JUICE mission conditions, i.e., for velocities from 1 up to 7 km/s and even more.

[Efficacy of extracts of plants in engorged females of Boophilus microplus from the mesoregion West of Maranhão, Brazil.].

PubMed

Costa, Francisco B; Vasconcelos, Pádua Suely Da S; Silva, Ana Maria M; Brandão, Vivian M; Da Silva, Iran A; Teixeira, Whaubtyfran C; Guerra, Rita De Maria S N; Dos Santos, Ana Clara G

2008-09-01

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of hydro-alcoholic extracts of nim and citronela at 20% and eucalipto at 10% in Boophilus microplus engorged females collected in cattle naturally infected from the mesoregion West of Maranhão. At the laboratory the females were separated, weighted and distributed in six groups of 10, in duplicate. Each group was immersed in 10mL of the solution of the extracts, for two minutes. In the nim and citronela extracts there was 32% e 17%, respectively, while larval emergence the eucalipto extracts demonstrated 96% of efficacy. In the groups treated by Cipermetrina + Clorpirifós + Citronetal and Deltametrina (positive controls) the mortality occurred after 48h of treatment, while the groups immersed in distilled water (negative control) showed 100% of eggs mass and larval emergence. According to the results, it can be concluded that the extract of eucalipto could be used as acaricide in the control of B. microplus females since it was efficient in vitro, however to nim and citronela showed not efficacy. B. microplus females were not resistant to the chemical compounds used in this experiment.

Characterization of Activity at Loki from Galileo and Ground-based Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howell, R. R.; Lopes, R. M.

2004-01-01

While Loki is the most active volcanic center on Io, major questions remain concerning the nature of that activity. Rathbun et al. showed that the activity was semi-periodic, and suggested it was due to a resurfacing wave which swept across a lava lake as the crust cooled and become unstable. However in 2001 new observations showed that an intermediate level, less periodic mode of activity had apparently begun. Galileo-NIMS observations of Loki clearly show that the highest temperatures are found near the edge of the patera, consistent with disruption of a lava lake at the margins. NIMS observations also show gradients in temperature across the patera which, when modeled in terms of lava cooling models, are generally consistent with ages expected for the resurfacing wave but may also be consistent with spreading flows. We present a further analysis of NIMS data from I24 and I32 which help define the nature of the temperature variations present in Loki patera, along with Galileo-SSI images from the G1-I32 flybys which show albedo changes apparently correlated with the "periodic" activity measured from ground-based observations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NSTec Environmental Restoration

Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-5 requires all federal departments and agencies to adopt a National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS) and use it in their individual domestic incident management and emergency prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation programs and activities, as well as in support of those actions taken to assist state and local entities. This system provides a consistent nationwide template to enable federal, state, local, and tribal governments, private-sector, and nongovernmental organizations to work together effectively and efficiently to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity, includingmore » acts of catastrophic terrorism. This document identifies the operational concepts of the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center's (FRMAC) implementation of the NIMS/ICS response structure under the National Response Plan (NRP). The construct identified here defines the basic response template to be tailored to the incident-specific response requirements. FRMAC's mission to facilitate interagency environmental data management, monitoring, sampling, analysis, and assessment and link this information to the planning and decision staff clearly places the FRMAC in the Planning Section. FRMAC is not a mitigating resource for radiological contamination but is present to conduct radiological impact assessment for public dose avoidance. Field monitoring is a fact-finding mission to support this effort directly. Decisions based on the assessed data will drive public protection and operational requirements. This organizational structure under NIMS is focused by the mission responsibilities and interface requirements following the premise to provide emergency responders with a flexible yet standardized structure for incident response activities. The coordination responsibilities outlined in the NRP are based on the NIMS/ICS construct and Unified Command (UC) for management of a domestic incident. The NRP Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex (NUC) further provides requirements and protocols for coordinating federal government capabilities to respond to nuclear/radiological Incidents of National Significance (INS) and other radiological incidents. When a FRMAC is established, it operates under the parameters of NIMS as defined in the NRP. FRMAC and its operations have been modified to reflect NIMS/ICS concepts and principles and to facilitate working in a Unified Command structure. FRMAC is established at or near the scene of the incident to coordinate radiological monitoring and assessment and is established in coordination with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); the coordinating agency; other federal agencies; and state, local, and tribal authorities. However, regardless of the coordinating agency designation, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) coordinates radiological monitoring and assessment activities for the initial phases of the offsite federal incident response through the Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) and FRMAC assets. Monitoring and assessment data are managed by FRMAC in an accountable, secure, and retrievable format. Monitoring data interpretations, including exposure rate contours, dose projections, and any requested radiological assessments are to be provided to the DHS; to the coordinating agency; and to state, local, and tribal government agencies.« less

Upregulation of Immunoproteasome Subunits in Myositis Indicates Active Inflammation with Involvement of Antigen Presenting Cells, CD8 T-Cells and IFNγ

PubMed Central

Ghannam, Khetam; Martinez-Gamboa, Lorena; Spengler, Lydia; Krause, Sabine; Smiljanovic, Biljana; Bonin, Marc; Bhattarai, Salyan; Grützkau, Andreas; Burmester, Gerd-R.

2014-01-01

Objective In idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) infiltration of immune cells into muscle and upregulation of MHC-I expression implies increased antigen presentation and involvement of the proteasome system. To decipher the role of immunoproteasomes in myositis, we investigated individual cell types and muscle tissues and focused on possible immune triggers. Methods Expression of constitutive (PSMB5, -6, -7) and corresponding immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8, -9, -10) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR in muscle biopsies and sorted peripheral blood cells of patients with IIM, non-inflammatory myopathies (NIM) and healthy donors (HD). Protein analysis in muscle biopsies was performed by western blot. Affymetrix HG-U133 platform derived transcriptome data from biopsies of different muscle diseases and from immune cell types as well as monocyte stimulation experiments were used for validation, coregulation and coexpression analyses. Results Real-time RT-PCR revealed significantly increased expression of immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8/-9/-10) in DC, monocytes and CD8+ T-cells in IIM. In muscle biopsies, the immunosubunits were elevated in IIM compared to NIM and exceeded levels of matched blood samples. Proteins of PSMB8 and -9 were found only in IIM but not NIM muscle biopsies. Reanalysis of 78 myositis and 20 healthy muscle transcriptomes confirmed these results and revealed involvement of the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Comparison with reference profiles of sorted immune cells and healthy muscle confirmed upregulation of PSMB8 and -9 in myositis biopsies beyond infiltration related changes. This upregulation correlated highest with STAT1, IRF1 and IFNγ expression. Elevation of T-cell specific transcripts in active IIM muscles was accompanied by increased expression of DC and monocyte marker genes and thus reflects the cell type specific involvement observed in peripheral blood. Conclusions Immunoproteasomes seem to indicate IIM activity and suggest that dominant involvement of antigen processing and presentation may qualify these diseases exemplarily for the evolving therapeutic concepts of immunoproteasome specific inhibition. PMID:25098831

Digital instrumentation and management of dead time: first results on a NaI well-type detector setup.

PubMed

Censier, B; Bobin, C; Bouchard, J; Aubineau-Lanièce, I

2010-01-01

The LNE-LNHB is engaged in a development program on digital instrumentation, the first step being the instrumentation of a NaI well-type detector set-up. The prototype acquisition card and its technical specifications are presented together with the first comparison with the classical NIM-based acquisition chain, for counting rates up to 100 kcps. The digital instrumentation is shown to be counting-loss free in this range. This validates the main option adopted in this project, namely the implementation of an extending dead time with live-time measurement already successfully used in the MTR2 NIM module developed at LNE-LNHB. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Near-infrared detection of potential evidence for microscopic organisms on Europa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dalton, J. Brad; Mogul, Rakesh; Kagawa, Hiromi K.; Chan, Suzanne L.; Jamieson, Corey S.

2003-01-01

The possibility of an ocean within the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa has established that world as a primary candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life within our Solar System. This paper evaluates the potential to detect evidence for microbial life by comparing laboratory studies of terrestrial microorganisms with measurements from the Galileo Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NIMS). If the interior of Europa at one time harbored life, some evidence may remain in the surface materials. Examination of laboratory spectra of terrestrial extremophiles measured at cryogenic temperatures reveals distorted, asymmetric nearinfrared absorption features due to water of hydration. The band centers, widths, and shapes of these features closely match those observed in the Europa spectra. These features are strongest in reddish-brown, disrupted terrains such as linea and chaos regions. Narrow spectral features due to amide bonds in the microbe proteins provide a means of constraining the abundances of such materials using the NIMS data. The NIMS data of disrupted terrains exhibit distorted, asymmetric near-infrared absorption features consistent with the presence of water ice, sulfuric acid octahydrate, hydrated salts, and possibly as much as 0.2 mg cm(-3) of carbonaceous material that could be of biological origin. However, inherent noise in the observations and limitations of spectral sampling must be taken into account when discussing these findings.

Thermal Emission Variability of Zamama, Culann and Tupan on Io Using Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ennis, M. E.; Davies, A. G.

2005-01-01

The Jovian satellite Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Previous analyses [e.g., 1-4] indicate the presence of high-temperature silicate volcanism on Io, similar to silicate volcanism occurring on Earth. Instruments onboard the Galileo spacecraft, especially the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) and the Solid State Imager (SSI), provided much data of Io s active volcanoes throughout the duration of the Galileo mission (June 1996-September 2003). NIMS data is particularly sensitive to thermal emission from active and cooling lava over cooling times of seconds to a few years. The objective of this ongoing study of Io s volcanism is to determine the variability of thermal emission from volcanoes on Io s surface, in order to better understand the styles of eruption, and to constrain the volumes of material erupted. Ultimately, this will help to constrain the contribution of active volcanism to Io s thermal budget. Data have been analyzed for the volcano Zamama, located at 173 W, 21 N, and the power output of Zamama, the volumes of lava being erupted, and the eruption rate determined. Culann and Tupan have also been analysed in this way. This abstract primarily concentrates on Zamama.

NIMS Spectral Maps of Jupiter Great Red Spot

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instrument looks at Jupiter's Great Red Spot, in these views from June 26, 1996. NIMS studies infrared wavelengths of light that our eye cannot see. These maps are at four different infrared wavelengths, each one picked to reveal something different about the atmosphere. The top image is a false color map of a wavelength that is at the red edge of our ability to see. It shows the shapes of features that we would see with our eyes. The second map is of ammonia ice, red showing where the most ice is, blue where none exists. The differences between this and the first image are due to the amount and size of ammonia ice crystals. The third map down is from a wavelength that shows cloud heights, with the highest clouds in red, and the lowest in blue. The bottom map uses a wavelength that shows the hot Jupiter shining through the clouds. Red represents the thinnest clouds, and blue is thickest where it is more difficult to see below. Comparing the bottom two images, note that the highest clouds are in the center of the Great Red Spot, while there are relatively few clouds around the edges. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00501

High Spatial Resolution Europa Coverage by the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The NIMS instrument on the Galileo spacecraft, which is being used to map the mineral and ice properties over the surfaces of the Jovian moons, produces global spectral images at modest spatial resolution and high resolution spectral images for small selected regions on the satellites. This map illustrates the high resolution coverage of Europa obtained by NIMS through the April 1997 G7 orbit.

The areas covered are displayed on a Voyager-derived map. A good sampling of the dark trailing-side material (180 to 360 degrees) has been obtained, with less coverage of Europa's leading side.

The false-color composites use red, green and blue to represent the infrared brightnesses at 0.7, 1.51 and 1.82 microns respectively. Considerable variations are evident and are related to the composition and sizes of the surface grains.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Near-infrared detection of potential evidence for microscopic organisms on Europa.

PubMed

Dalton, J Brad; Mogul, Rakesh; Kagawa, Hiromi K; Chan, Suzanne L; Jamieson, Corey S

2003-01-01

The possibility of an ocean within the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa has established that world as a primary candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life within our Solar System. This paper evaluates the potential to detect evidence for microbial life by comparing laboratory studies of terrestrial microorganisms with measurements from the Galileo Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NIMS). If the interior of Europa at one time harbored life, some evidence may remain in the surface materials. Examination of laboratory spectra of terrestrial extremophiles measured at cryogenic temperatures reveals distorted, asymmetric nearinfrared absorption features due to water of hydration. The band centers, widths, and shapes of these features closely match those observed in the Europa spectra. These features are strongest in reddish-brown, disrupted terrains such as linea and chaos regions. Narrow spectral features due to amide bonds in the microbe proteins provide a means of constraining the abundances of such materials using the NIMS data. The NIMS data of disrupted terrains exhibit distorted, asymmetric near-infrared absorption features consistent with the presence of water ice, sulfuric acid octahydrate, hydrated salts, and possibly as much as 0.2 mg cm(-3) of carbonaceous material that could be of biological origin. However, inherent noise in the observations and limitations of spectral sampling must be taken into account when discussing these findings.

Investigation of fatigue assessments accuracy for beam weldments considering material data input and FE-mode type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorash, Yevgen; Comlekci, Tugrul; MacKenzie, Donald

2017-05-01

This study investigates the effects of fatigue material data and finite element types on accuracy of residual life assessments under high cycle fatigue. The bending of cross-beam connections is simulated in ANSYS Workbench for different combinations of structural member shapes made of a typical structural steel. The stress analysis of weldments with specific dimensions and loading applied is implemented using solid and shell elements. The stress results are transferred to the fatigue code nCode DesignLife for the residual life prediction. Considering the effects of mean stress using FKM approach, bending and thickness according to BS 7608:2014, fatigue life is predicted using the Volvo method and stress integration rules from ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. Three different pairs of S-N curves are considered in this work including generic seam weld curves and curves for the equivalent Japanese steel JIS G3106-SM490B. The S-N curve parameters for the steel are identified using the experimental data available from NIMS fatigue data sheets employing least square method and considering thickness and mean stress corrections. The numerical predictions are compared to the available experimental results indicating the most preferable fatigue data input, range of applicability and FE-model formulation to achieve the best accuracy.

Improvements in the realization of the ITS-90 over the temperature range from the melting point of gallium to the freezing point of silver at NIM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, J.; Zhang, J. T.; Ping, Q.

2013-09-11

The temperature primary standard over the range from the melting point of gallium to the freezing point of silver in National institute of Metrology (NIM), China, was established in the early 1990s. The performance of all of fixed-point furnaces degraded and needs to be updated due to many years of use. Nowadays, the satisfactory fixed point materials can be available with the development of the modern purification techniques. NIM plans to use a group of three cells for each defining fixed point temperature. In this way the eventual drift of individual cells can be evidenced by periodic intercomparison and thismore » will increase the reliability in disseminating the ITS-90 in China. This article describes the recent improvements in realization of ITS-90 over temperature range from the melting point of gallium to the freezing point of silver at NIM. Taking advantages of the technological advances in the design and manufacture of furnaces, the new three-zone furnaces and the open-type fixed points were developed from the freezing point of indium to the freezing point of silver, and a furnace with the three-zone semiconductor cooling was designed to automatically realize the melting point of gallium. The reproducibility of the new melting point of gallium and the new open-type freezing points of In, Sn, Zn. Al and Ag is improved, especially the freezing points of Al and Ag with the reproducibility of 0.2mK and 0.5mK respectively. The expanded uncertainty in the realization of these defining fixed point temperatures is 0.34mK, 0.44mK, 0.54mK, 0.60mK, 1.30mK and 1.88mK respectively.« less

Improving the Effectiveness of Penicillin Allergy De-labeling.

PubMed

Bourke, Jack; Pavlos, Rebecca; James, Ian; Phillips, Elizabeth

2015-01-01

Approximately 10-20% of hospitalized patients are labeled as penicillin allergic, and this is associated with significant health and economic costs. We looked at the effectiveness of penicillin allergy de-labeling in clinical practice with the aim of deriving risk stratification models to guide testing strategies. Consecutive patients aged 15 years or more, referred to a Western Australian public hospital drug allergy service between 2008 and 2013 for beta-lactam allergy, were included. Follow-up surveys were conducted. Results of skin prick testing and intradermal testing (SPT/IDT) and oral challenge (OC), and follow-up of post testing antibiotic usage were the main outcomes. SPT/IDT was performed in 401 consecutive patients with immediate (IMM) (≤ 1 hour) (n = 151) and nonimmediate (NIM) (>1 hour) (n = 250) reactions. Of 341 patients, 42 (12.3%) were SPT/IDT+ to ≥ 1 penicillin reagents, including 35/114 (30.4%) in the IMM group and 7/227 (3.1%) in the NIM group (P < .0001). Of 355 SPT/IDT patients, 3 (0.8%), all in the IMM group, had nonserious positive OC reactions to single dose penicillin VK (SPT/IDT negative predictive value [NPV] 99.2%). Selective or unrestricted beta-lactam was recommended in almost 90% overall, including 238/250 (95.2%) in the NIM group and 126/151 (83.4%) in the IMM group (P = .0001). Of 182 patients, 137 (75.3%) were following the allergy label modifications (ALM) at the time of follow-up. Penicillin SPT/IDT/OC safely de-labels penicillin-allergic patients and identifies selective beta-lactam allergies; however, incomplete adherence to ALM recommendations impairs effectiveness. Infrequent SPT/IDT+ and absent OC reactions in patients with NIM reactions suggest OC alone to be a safe and cost-effective de-labeling strategy that could improve the coverage of penicillin allergy de-labeling in lower risk populations. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Callisto's Exosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vorburger, Audrey; Wurz, Peter; Galli, André; Mousis, Olivier; Barabash, Stas; Lammer, Helmut

2014-05-01

Whereas Callisto's surface has been mapped as early as in 1980 by the two Voyager missions, Callisto's tenuous atmosphere, also called an exosphere, was not directly observed until the Galileo mission in 1999. The Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer detected a CO2 signal up to 100 km above the surface [Carlson, Science, 1999]. Radio occultation measurements, also conducted by Galileo, led to the detection of an ionosphere with inferred densities much higher than can be explained by the measured CO2 exosphere, though [Kliore et al., J. Geophys. Res, 2002]. Insight about Callisto's exosphere is expected to be boosted by the Neutral Ion Mass Spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) on board the planned JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission, which will conduct the first-ever direct sampling of the exospheres of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. To ensure that NIM's mass resolution and mass range will be sufficient for NIM to detect most expected species in Callisto's exosphere, we model said exosphere ab initio. Since Callisto is thought to consist to about equal parts of both icy and rocky components [Showman and Malhotra, Science, 1999], we model particle release from an icy as well as from a mineral surface separately. For the ice component, we investigate two different compositions, for reducing and oxidising conditions, which find analogy in the initial gas phase conditions in the solar nebula [Mousis et al., Planet. Space Sci., submitted]. For the non-ice material, the mineral surface, we investigate surfaces with compositions similar to CI chondrites and L/LL type chondrites, both of which have been suggested to represent Callisto's non-ice material best [Kuskov and Kronrod, Icarus, 2005 and Moore et al., Cambridge University Press, 2004]. For all mentioned materials, we compute density profiles for particles released by either surface sublimation or ion induced sputtering up to an altitude of 100'000 km. Our results show that close to the surface the sublimated particles dominate the day-side exosphere, however, their density profiles (with the exception of H and H2) decrease much more rapidly with altitude than those of the sputtered particles, thus, the latter particles start to dominate at altitudes above ~1000 km. Since the JUICE flybys are as low as 200 km above Callisto's surface, NIM is expected to register both the sublimated as well as sputtered particle populations. Our simulations show that NIM's sensitivity is high enough to allow the detection of particles sputtered from the icy as well as the mineral surfaces, and to distinguish between the different composition models.

FOREWORD: Focus on nanobiomaterials and technologies for breakthrough in future medicine Focus on nanobiomaterials and technologies for breakthrough in future medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyahara, Yuji; Kobayashi, Hisatoshi; Chen, Guoping; Kikuchi, Masanori

2010-02-01

In biomedical fields, various materials are used for different purposes such as therapy, diagnostics and drugs. Some of them come into direct contact with blood and tissues in the human body, while many others are used in advanced medical equipment. Without these materials, current advances in medicine would never be achieved. Even in the 21st century, we still face the challenge of incurable or intractable diseases such as cancer, as well as the emergence of new infectious diseases. Global action is necessary to deal with these issues. Recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology have provided new strategies for material design that are based on the structural control of atoms and molecules. These strategies have revolutionized the field of advanced functional materials. Their combination with the enormous amount of knowledge in molecular and cellular biology accumulated over the last few decades has lead to the conception of new medical technologies. These technologies are represented in cell therapy, drug targeting and regenerative medicine, and are being widely and intensively investigated for realization at an industrial scale. In order to find solutions to remaining issues in life science, it is necessary to accelerate the fusion between nano- and biotechnologies and to promote research and development in these interdisciplinary fields. In this context, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)—one of the leading research institutes in the field of materials science—held a series of symposia in the week of 21-24 July 2009, 'NIMS Week 2009' and 'Nanobio-materials and technologies: breakthrough for future medicine', that aimed to present advances in medical fields from the perspective of materials science and technologies. During NIMS Week, various activities were carried out, including perspective reviews and invited lectures by international leading researchers in the 'nanobio' field, in addition to four organized sessions and related satellite symposia. Professor Kazunori Kataoka of the University of Tokyo received the NIMS Award 2009 for his outstanding research achievements and contributions to developing functional nanodevices for drug and gene delivery. This focus issue includes his review article 'Multifunctional nanoassemblies of block copolymers for future cancer therapy'. Eleven other plenary and invited speakers from NIMS Week 2009 have contributed review articles that may have great impact on research and development in nanobiomaterials and technologies Research in the nanobio field requires multi-disciplinary collaboration between specialists in biology, medicine, chemistry, physics, electronics, material engineering and other areas. We believe that this focus issue contains useful information for these researchers and provides an outline of breakthroughs for future medicine.

NIMS Observes the Structure and Composition of Jupiter Clouds

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

With the NIMS instrument high quality observations are being obtained from all parts of Jupiter. The images in the upper panel are taken at a wavelength of 4.8 microns. At this wavelength thermal radiation from about 100 km deep below the visible cloud deck is escaping, allowing us to study the deep atmospheric region. The overlying cloud deck absorbs a part of the radiation, but there are places where it is thin and more radiation can escape. These are called hot spot regions. Many hotspots regions occur in a zone between the equator and 15 degrees north latitude, the North Equatorial Belt (NEB), but thermal radiation is seen from much of the planet. The uniqueness of NIMS is that it is capable of observing the same spatial region at a maximum of 408 different wavelengths between 0.7 and 5.2 micron simultaneously. Every picture element (pixel) contains a spectrum of up to 408 wavelengths. The gases that compose the atmosphere leave there traces in the spectra. In this particular case, 48 wavelengths were available between 4.6 and 5.2 micron, and we see spectral signatures of water, ammonia, and phosphine. Also, the total amount of radiation is determined by the amount of overlying cloud, characterized by the cloud opacity. By means of model calculations, we can determine the amount of water and the cloud opacity for each individual spectrum. The amount ammonia and phosphine is more difficult to obtain because its influence on the spectra is weaker. The results of these calculations are shown in the form of maps in the next two panels. With NIMS, we can now have a detailed look at the spatial distribution of the water and ammonia amounts and the cloud opacity in the atmosphere. Not all the pixels from the observations have good spectra, so for some data points no reliable determination of the water and cloud opacity could be made. We find that the atmosphere is extremely dry in, and close to, the hot spot, with relative humidities between 0.02 % and 10 %, with the dryest places being inside the hot spot. This corroborates the in-situ Galileo Entry Probe measurements. The Probe entered the atmosphere, on December 5 1995, in a hot spot region. Whereas the Probe obtained only a very localized snapshot, with NIMS we can do observations of larger areas and over longer periods. The spatial distribution of water is more complex than expected. More detailed investigations will be necessary to fully understand these results. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01224

Two New Hot Spots on Io

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on Galileo obtained this image of half of Io's disk in darkness on September 19, 1997. This image, at 5 microns, shows several hot spots on Io, which are volcanic regions of enhanced thermal emission. The area shown is part of the leading hemisphere of Io. Two new hot spots are shown and indicated in the image (New, and Shamshu). Neither of these hot spots were seen by NIMS or the Solid State Imaging Experiment, (SSI) prior to this observation, becoming only recently active. Several other previously known hot spots are labelled in the image. Galileo was at a distance of 342,000 km from Io when this observation was made. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01226

Studies for a 10 μs, thin, high resolution CMOS pixel sensor for future vertex detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voutsinas, G.; Amar-Youcef, S.; Baudot, J.; Bertolone, G.; Brogna, A.; Chon-Sen, N.; Claus, G.; Colledani, C.; Dorokhov, A.; Dozière, G.; Dulinski, W.; Degerli, Y.; De Masi, R.; Deveaux, M.; Gelin, M.; Goffe, M.; Hu-Guo, Ch.; Himmi, A.; Jaaskelainen, K.; Koziel, M.; Morel, F.; Müntz, C.; Orsini, F.; Santos, C.; Schrader, C.; Specht, M.; Stroth, J.; Valin, I.; Wagner, F. M.; Winter, M.

2011-06-01

Future high energy physics (HEP) experiments require detectors with unprecedented performances for track and vertex reconstruction. These requirements call for high precision sensors, with low material budget and short integration time. The development of CMOS sensors for HEP applications was initiated at IPHC Strasbourg more than 10 years ago, motivated by the needs for vertex detectors at the International Linear Collider (ILC) [R. Turchetta et al, NIM A 458 (2001) 677]. Since then several other applications emerged. The first real scale digital CMOS sensor MIMOSA26 equips Flavour Tracker at RHIC, as well as for the microvertex detector of the CBM experiment at FAIR. MIMOSA sensors may also offer attractive performances for the ALICE upgrade at LHC. This paper will demonstrate the substantial performance improvement of CMOS sensors based on a high resistivity epitaxial layer. First studies for integrating the sensors into a detector system will be addressed and finally the way to go to a 10 μs readout sensor will be discussed.

Characterization of Jupiter's Atmosphere from Galileo and Earth-Based Observations During the Ganymede-1 and Ganymede-2 Orbit Encounters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orton, G.; Fisher, B.; Ortiz, J. L.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P.; Rages, K.; Howell, R.; Klebe, D.; Stencel, R.; Drossart, P.; Lecacheux, J.; Colas, F.; Frappa, E.; Hernandez, C.; Parker, D.; Miyazaki, I.; Stewart, S.; Stansberry, J.; Spencer, J.; Golisch, W.; Griep, D.; Hainaut, M.-C.; Joseph, R.; Kaminski, C.; Banjevic, M.; Connor, C.; Hinkley, S.; Marinova, M.; Marriage, B.; Dobrea, E. Noe

1996-09-01

Galileo remote sensing data are examined in the context of an extensive set of earth-based observations supporting the Ganymede-1 and Ganymede-2 encounters. Movies of the Great Red Spot (GRS) in reflected sunlight, show large-scale flow; for example, the circular feature northwest of the GRS during G1 was one of several high-altitude systems moving westward with respect to the GRS. The southern part of the clear band surrounding the GRS was narrower at 5 mu m than 8.57 mu m, suggesting more cloud cover at depth than at the NH_3 condensation level; this region was also warmer in the troposphere. High-altitude particles were found in the flow pattern ``trailing'' the GRS. The real-time NIMS G1 spectra sampled a region only moderately bright at 5-mu m, not a classical ``hot spot''. Synoptic middle-infrared spectra of this region complement NIMS spectra of the deep troposphere by constraining abundances of NH_3 and PH_3 at higher altitudes. The southern part of the North Equatorial Belt, observed by both NIMS spectra and PPR radiometry, was very active, generating classical bright ``plumes'' and dark ovals (``barges'') for the first time in many months. A long-term program will continue to observe potential targets for the Galileo's atmospheric investigation.

Hot Spots on Io: Initial Results From Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopes-Gautier, Rosaly; Davies, A. G.; Carlson, R.; Smythe, W.; Kamp, L.; Soderblom, L.; Leader, F. E.; Mehlman, R.

1997-01-01

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on Galileo has monitored the volcanic activity on Io since June 28, 1996. This paper presents preliminary analysis of NIMS thermal data for the first four orbits of the Galileo mission. NIMS has detected 18 new hot spots and 12 others which were previously known to be active. The distribution of the hot spots on Io's surface may not be random, as hot spots surround the two bright, SO2-rich regions of Bosphorus Regio and Colchis Regio. Most hot spots scan to be persistently active from orbit to orbit and 10 of those detected were active in 1979 during the Voyager encounters. We report the distribution of hot spot temperatures and find that they are consistent with silicate volcanism.

Creating double negative index materials using the Babinet principle with one metasurface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lei; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, C. M.

2013-01-01

Metamaterials are patterned metallic structures which permit access to a novel electromagnetic response, negative index of refraction, impossible to achieve with naturally occurring materials. Using the Babinet principle, the complementary split ring resonator (SRR) is etched in a metallic plate to provide negative ɛ, with perpendicular direction. Here we propose a new design, etched in a metallic plate to provide negative magnetic permeability μ, with perpendicular direction. The combined electromagnetic response of this planar metamaterial, where the negative μ comes from the aperture and the negative ɛ from the remainder of the continuous metallic plate, allows achievement of a double negative index metamaterial (NIM) with only one metasurface and strong transmission. These designs can be used to fabricate NIMs at microwave and optical wavelengths and three-dimensional metamaterials.

The size distribution of Jupiter's main ring from Galileo imaging and spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, Shawn M.; Esposito, Larry W.; Showalter, Mark R.; Throop, Henry B.

2004-07-01

Galileo's Solid State Imaging experiment (SSI) obtained 36 visible wavelength images of Jupiter's ring system during the nominal mission (Ockert-Bell et al., 1999, Icarus 138, 188-213) and another 21 during the extended mission. The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) recorded an observation of Jupiter's main ring during orbit C3 at wavelengths from 0.7 to 5.2 μm; a second observation was attempted during orbit E4. We analyze the high phase angle NIMS and SSI observations to constrain the size distribution of the main ring's micron-sized dust population. This portion of the population is best constrained at high phase angles, as the light scattering behavior of small dust grains dominates at these geometries and contributions from larger ring particles are negligible. High phase angle images of the main ring obtained by the Voyager spacecraft covered phase angles between 173.8° and 176.9° (Showalter et al., 1987, Icarus 69, 458-498). Galileo images extend this range up to 178.6°. We model the Galileo phase curve and the ring spectra from the C3 NIMS ring observation as the combination of two power law distributions. Our analysis of the main ring phase curve and the NIMS spectra suggests the size distribution of the smallest ring particles is a power law with an index of 2.0±0.3 below a size of ˜15 μm that transitions to a power law with an index of 5.0±1.5 at larger sizes. This combined power law distribution, or "broken power law" distribution, yields a better fit to the NIMS data than do the power law distributions that have previously been fit to the Voyager imaging data (Showalter et al., 1987, Icarus 69, 458-498). The broken power law distribution reconciles the results of Showalter et al. (1987, Icarus 69, 458-498) and McMuldroch et al. (2000, Icarus 146, 1-11), who also analyzed the NIMS data, and can be considered as an obvious extension of a simple power law. This more complex size distribution could indicate that ring particle production rates and/or lifetimes vary with size and may relate to the physical processes that control their evolution. The significant near arm/far arm asymmetry reported elsewhere (see Showalter et al., 1987, Icarus 69, 458-498; Ockert-Bell et al., 1999, Icarus 138, 188-213) persists in the data even after the main ring is isolated in the SSI images. However, the sense of the asymmetry seen in Galileo images differs from that seen in Voyager images. We interpret this asymmetry as a broad-scale, azimuthal brightness variation. No consistent association with the magnetic field of Jupiter has been observed. It is possible that these longitudinal variations may be similar to the random brightness fluctuations observed in Saturn's F ring by Voyager (Smith et al., 1982, Science 215, 504-537) and during the 1995 ring plane crossings (Nicholson et al., 1996, Science 272, 509-515; Bosh and Rivkin, 1996, Science 272, 518-521; Poulet et al., 2000, Icarus 144, 135-148). Stochastic events may thus play a significant role in the evolution of the jovian main ring.

The Manannan Impact Crater on Europa: Determination of Surface Compositions of Key Stratigraphic Units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dalton, J. B.; Prockter, L. M.; Shirley, J. H.; Phillips, C. B.; Kamp, L.

2011-12-01

Mannanan is a 22-km-diameter impact crater located at 3 N, 240 W on Europa's orbital trailing side. Detailed high resolution geologic mapping by Moore et al. (2001) revealed the likely presence of extensive deposits of impact melt materials largely filling the crater floor, together with surrounding continuous ejecta deposits that may have been excavated from Europa's interior. Terrains surrounding Mannanàn include some of Europa's visibly darkest surfaces, with extensive areas of chaos, traversed by the prominent structure of Belus Linea. The Mannannàn impact crater and its surrounding areas were imaged during the C3 orbital encounter of the Galileo Mission by the orbiter's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). This NIMS observation (C3ENLINEA01A) has not been subjected to a detailed investigation until now, possibly due to the presence of moderate levels of radiation noise. A "despiked" version of this observation has been produced using methods described in Shirley et al. (2010). In addition, new geologic mapping precisely registered to the NIMS coverage of Manannàn and its surroundings allows the extraction of high-quality near-infrared spectra that are specific to individual geologic units and morphological features. We will present linear mixture modeling solutions for the compositions of several of Manannàn's key stratigraphic units, including the crater floor deposits and the adjacent chaos and linea materials. We will interpret these results in the context of ongoing investigations of the interplay of exogenic and endogenic influences on the surface composition of Europa. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University-Applied Physics Laboratory, and the SETI Institute under a contract with NASA. Support by NASA's Outer Planets Research program is gratefully acknowledged. Moore, J. M. and 25 others 2001. Impact Features on Europa: Results of the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM), Icarus 151, 93-111. Shirley, J. H., J. B. Dalton III, L. M. Prockter, and L. W. Kamp 2010. Europa's ridged plains and smooth low albedo plains: Distinctive compositions and compositional gradients at the leading side-trailing side boundary, Icarus 210, 358-384, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.018.

Moon As Seen By NIMS

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-02-08

These four images of the Moon are from data acquired by NASA Galileo spacecraft Near-Earth Mapping Spectrometer during Galileo December 1992 Earth/Moon flyby. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00231

Number Systems. Popular Lectures in Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fomin, S. V.

The origin, properties, and applications of various number systems are discussed. Among the 15 topics discussed are: tests for divisibility, the binary system, the game of Nim, computers, and infinite number representations. (MK)

Prometheus Silicates/Sulfur dioxide/NIMS

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-05-18

The Prometheus region of Jupiter moon Io was imaged by NASA Galileo spacecraft in 1999. The maps made from spectrometer data show the interplay between hot silicates on the surface and sulfur dioxide frost.

Editorial to NIM-B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDaniel, Floyd Del; Doyle, Barney L.; Glass, Gary; Wang, Yongqiang; Antolak, Arlyn

2018-01-01

This special issue of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms contains 7 selected papers that were presented at the 24th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI 2016). This conference was held in Fort Worth, Texas, USA, October 30 - November 4, 2016 and the Worthington Renaissance Hotel. CAARI 2016 had 5 plenary sessions, 79 oral sessions, 2 poster sessions, 401 presentations (10 plenary talks, 165 invited talks, 154 contributed talks, and 72 poster presentations), and 434 attendees (76 of which were students and 14 were accompanying persons) from 32 countries.

Protocol for the economic evaluation of a complex intervention to improve the mental health of maltreated infants and children in foster care in the UK (The BeST? services trial)

PubMed Central

Boyd, Kathleen Anne; Minnis, Helen; Donaldson, Julia; Brown, Kevin; Boyer, Nicole R S; McIntosh, Emma

2018-01-01

Introduction Children who have experienced abuse and neglect are at increased risk of mental and physical health problems throughout life. This places an enormous burden on individuals, families and society in terms of health services, education, social care and judiciary sectors. Evidence suggests that early intervention can mitigate the negative consequences of child maltreatment, exerting long-term positive effects on the health of maltreated children entering foster care. However, evidence on cost-effectiveness of such complex interventions is limited. This protocol describes the first economic evaluation of its kind in the UK. Methods and analysis An economic evaluation alongside the Best Services Trial (BeST?) has been prospectively designed to identify, measure and value key resource and outcome impacts arising from the New Orleans intervention model (NIM) (an infant mental health service) compared with case management (CM) (enhanced social work services as usual). A within-trial economic evaluation and long-term model from a National Health Service/Personal Social Service and a broader societal perspective will be undertaken alongside the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)–Public Health Research Unit (PHRU)-funded randomised multicentre BeST?. BeST? aims to evaluate NIM compared with CM for maltreated children entering foster care in a UK context. Collection of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the recent mapping of PedsQL to EuroQol-5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) will facilitate the estimation of quality-adjusted life years specific to the infant population for a cost–utility analysis. Other effectiveness outcomes will be incorporated into a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-consequences analysis (CCA). A long-term economic model and multiple economic evaluation frameworks will provide decision-makers with a comprehensive, multiperspective guide regarding cost-effectiveness of NIM. The long-term population health economic model will be developed to synthesise trial data with routine linked data and key government sector parameters informed by literature. Methods guidance for population health economic evaluation will be adopted (lifetime horizon, 1.5% discount rate for costs and benefits, CCA framework, multisector perspective). Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained by the West of Scotland Ethics Committee. Results of the main trial and economic evaluation will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal as well as published in the peer-reviewed NIHR journals library (Public Health Research Programme). Trial registration number NCT02653716; Pre-results. PMID:29540420

Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lopes-Gautier, R.; Davies, A.G.; Carlson, R.; Smythe, W.; Kamp, L.; Soderblom, L.; Leader, F.E.; Mehlman, R.

1997-01-01

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on Galileo has monitored the volcanic activity on Io since June 28, 1996. This paper presents preliminary analysis of NIMS thermal data for the first four orbits of the Galileo mission. NIMS has detected 18 new hot spots and 12 others which were previously known to be active. The distribution of the hot spots on Io's surface may not be random, as hot spots surround the two bright, SO2-rich regions of Bosphorus Regio and Colchis Regio. Most hot spots seem to be persistently active from orbit to orbit and 10 of those detected were active in 1979 during the Voyager encounters. We report the distribution of hot spot temperatures and find that they are consistent with silicate volcanism. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.

Nanoimprinting techniques for large-area three-dimensional negative index metamaterials with operation in the visible and telecom bands.

PubMed

Gao, Li; Shigeta, Kazuki; Vazquez-Guardado, Abraham; Progler, Christopher J; Bogart, Gregory R; Rogers, John A; Chanda, Debashis

2014-06-24

We report advances in materials, designs, and fabrication schemes for large-area negative index metamaterials (NIMs) in multilayer "fishnet" layouts that offer negative index behavior at wavelengths into the visible regime. A simple nanoimprinting scheme capable of implementation using standard, widely available tools followed by a subtractive, physical liftoff step provides an enabling route for the fabrication. Computational analysis of reflection and transmission measurements suggests that the resulting structures offer negative index of refraction that spans both the visible wavelength range (529-720 nm) and the telecommunication band (1.35-1.6 μm). The data reveal that these large (>75 cm(2)) imprinted NIMs have predictable behaviors, good spatial uniformity in properties, and figures of merit as high as 4.3 in the visible range.

Evaluating the clinical utility of the Validity-10 for detecting amplified symptom reporting for patients with mild traumatic brain injury and comorbid psychological health conditions.

PubMed

Dretsch, Michael N; Williams, Kathy; Staver, Tara; Grammer, Geoffrey; Bleiberg, Joseph; DeGraba, Thomas; Lange, Rael T

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare the Validity-10 scale with the PAI Negative Impression Management Scale (PAI-NIM) for detecting exaggerated symptom reporting in active-duty military service members (SMs) admitted with unremitting mild TBI symptoms and comorbid psychological health conditions (mTBI/PH). Data were analyzed from 254 SMs who completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) as a part of a larger battery of self-report symptom scales upon admission to the intensive-outpatient TBI treatment program at a military medical center. Symptom exaggeration was operationalized using the PAI Negative Impression Management Scale (PAI-NIM). A PAI-NIM score of ≥73 was categorized as positive for symptom exaggeration (SVTpos), while a lower score was categorized as negative for symptom exaggeration (SVTneg). SMs in the SVTpos group (n = 34) had significantly higher scores (p ≤ .004) on the PAI clinical scales as well as on the NSI total score (range: d = 0.59-1.91) compared to those who were SVTneg (n = 220). The optimal cut-score for the NSI Val-10 scale to identify possible symptom exaggeration was ≥26 (sensitivity = .29, specificity = .95, PPP = .74, NPP = .71). In patients suffering from mTBI/PH, the Validity-10 requires a higher cut-score than previously reported to be useful as a metric of exaggerated symptom reporting.

Nutrition in Medicine: Nutrition Education for Medical Students and Residents

PubMed Central

Adams, Kelly M.; Kohlmeier, Martin; Powell, Margo; Zeisel, Steven H.

2015-01-01

Proper nutrition plays a key role in disease prevention and treatment. Many patients understand this link and look to physicians for guidance diet and physical activity. Actual physician practice, however, is often inadequate in addressing the nutrition aspects of diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Physicians do not feel comfortable, confident, or adequately prepared to provide nutrition counseling, which may be related to suboptimal knowledge of basic nutrition science facts and understanding of potential nutrition interventions. Historically, nutrition education has been underrepresented at many medical schools and residency programs. Our surveys over a decade show that most medical schools in the United States are still not ensuring adequate nutrition education, and they are not producing graduates with the nutrition competencies required in medical practice. Physicians, residents, and medical students clearly need more training in nutrition assessment and intervention. The Nutrition in Medicine (NIM) project, established to develop and distribute a core nutrition curriculum for medical students, offers a comprehensive online set of courses free of charge to medical schools. The NIM medical school curriculum is widely used in the United States and abroad. A new initiative, Nutrition Education for Practicing Physicians, offers an innovative online medical nutrition education program for residents and other physicians-in-training, but with targeted, practice-based educational units designed to be completed in 15 minutes or less. The NIM project is strengthening medical nutrition practice by providing a free, comprehensive, online nutrition curriculum with clinically relevant, evidence-based medical education for undergraduate and postgraduate learners. PMID:20962306

Demonstration of a Three-dimensional Negative Index Medium Operated at Multiple-angle Incidences by Monolithic Metallic Hemispherical Shells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, Ting-Tso; Huang, Tsung-Yu; Tanaka, Takuo; Yen, Ta-Jen

2017-04-01

We design and construct a three-dimensional (3D) negative index medium (NIM) composed of gold hemispherical shells to supplant an integration of a split-ring resonator and a discrete plasmonic wire for both negative permeability and permittivity at THz gap. With the proposed highly symmetric gold hemispherical shells, the negative index is preserved at multiple incident angles ranging from 0° to 85° for both TE and TM waves, which is further evidenced by negative phase flows in animated field distributions and outweighs conventional fishnet structures with operating frequency shifts when varying incident angles. Finally, the fabrication of the gold hemispherical shells is facilitated via standard UV lithographic and isotropic wet etching processes and characterized by μ-FTIR. The measurement results agree the simulated ones very well.

Loki as viewed by Galileo NIMS

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-11-19

This image shows Loki, the most powerful volcano in the solar system, which has been constantly active on Jupiter moon Io. NASA Galileo spacecraft took these images during its approach to Io on October 10, 1999.

Detection of Myelination Using a Novel Histological Probe

PubMed Central

Xiang, Zhongmin; Nesterov, Evgueni E.; Skoch, Jesse; Lin, Tong; Hyman, Bradley T.; Swager, Timothy M.; Bacskai, Brian J.; Reeves, Steven A.

2005-01-01

Current methods for myelin staining in tissue sections include both histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry, which uses antibodies against myelin components such as myelin basic protein, is often used because of the convenience for multiple labeling. To facilitate studies on myelin, this paper describes a quick and easy method for direct myelin staining in rodent and human tissues using novel near-infrared myelin (NIM) dyes that are comparable to other well-characterized histochemical reagents. The near-infrared fluorescence spectra of these probes allow fluorescent staining of tissue sections in multiple channels using visible light fluorophores commonly used in immunocytochemistry. These dyes have been used successfully to detect normal myelin structure and myelin loss in a mouse model of demyelination disease. PMID:16046669

NAS infrastructure management system build 1.5 computer-human interface

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

Human factors engineers from the National Airspace System (NAS) Human Factors Branch (ACT-530) of the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center conducted an evaluation of the NAS Infrastructure Management System (NIMS) Build ...

NIMS Callisto Global Mosaic

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

NASA Galileo spacecraft acquired this global mosaic right during Galileo third orbit on Nov. 4, 1996. The lighter bluish area in the upper latitudes is the Asgard multi-ring structure with crater Burr to the north and Tornasuk to the east.

Io's Diverse Styles of Volcanic Activity: Results from Galileo NIMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopes, R. M. C.; Smythe, W. D.; Kamp, L. W.; Doute, S.; Carlson, R.; McEwen, A.; Geissler, P.

2001-01-01

Observations by Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer were used to map the thermal structure of several of Io's hot spots, revealing different styles of volcanism Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract..

Combinatorial games with a pass: a dynamical systems approach.

PubMed

Morrison, Rebecca E; Friedman, Eric J; Landsberg, Adam S

2011-12-01

By treating combinatorial games as dynamical systems, we are able to address a longstanding open question in combinatorial game theory, namely, how the introduction of a "pass" move into a game affects its behavior. We consider two well known combinatorial games, 3-pile Nim and 3-row Chomp. In the case of Nim, we observe that the introduction of the pass dramatically alters the game's underlying structure, rendering it considerably more complex, while for Chomp, the pass move is found to have relatively minimal impact. We show how these results can be understood by recasting these games as dynamical systems describable by dynamical recursion relations. From these recursion relations, we are able to identify underlying structural connections between these "games with passes" and a recently introduced class of "generic (perturbed) games." This connection, together with a (non-rigorous) numerical stability analysis, allows one to understand and predict the effect of a pass on a game.

Galileo PPR at Io: High Resolution Scans Taken in Conjunction with SSA and NIMS Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rathbun, J. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Tamppari, L. K.; Martin, T. Z.; Barnard, L.; Travis, L. D.

2003-01-01

The Galileo Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR), when used in the radiometry mode which is most often used at Io, is a long-wavelength infrared single-aperture photometer. It is sensitive to temperatures from about 60 to several hundred K, and is thus useful for studying the volcanoes and background temperatures on Io. PPR can take raster scan images when it is the primary instrument being used (these data were discussed last year, see Rathbun et al., 2002). It can also take data in ride-along mode in conjunction with another remote sensing instrument (either SSI or NIMS) producing one-dimensional temperature scans. The best data of this type were taken during the close approach flybys during orbits I24, I25, I27, I31, I32, and I33 and include measurements of the volcanoes Pele, Prometheus, Pillan, Zamama, Tvashtar, Daedalus, Amarani, Gish Bar, Isum, Emakong, Tupan, and Tohil.

Final report on the key comparison, CCM.M.P-K15.1 in the pressure range from 1.0 × 10-4 Pa to 1.0 Pa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wuethrich, Christian; Hongyan, Yu

2017-01-01

At the CCM WG-LP meeting in Berlin in April 2011 the National Institute of Metrology of the people's republic of China asked for an opportunity to be linked to the CCM.M.P-K15 comparison which just ended. METAS, which had been active as pilot for the CCM.M.P-K15, agreed to make a link with NIM. The NIM introduced a new static expansion system in his laboratory. Two spinning rotor gauges and a control electronic are used as transfer standard. The circulation of the transfer standard was made in spring 2012. The drift of the accommodation coefficient of the two SRG was measured by the pilot before and after the comparison. The stability of the transfer standards was excellent and the equivalence between METAS and NIM has been demonstrated. A link to the CCM.M.P­K15 has been established using the results from METAS. It has been possible to achieve a link with a small uncertainty due to the strong correlation of the measurements of METAS in the two comparisons. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Determination of glycoside hydrolase specificities during hydrolysis of plant cell walls using glycome profiling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, Johnnie A.; Pattathil, Sivakumar; Bergeman, Lai F.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides into simple sugars. To better understand the specificity of enzyme hydrolysis within the complex matrix of polysaccharides found in the plant cell wall, we studied the reactions of individual enzymes using glycome profiling, where a comprehensive collection of cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies are used to detect polysaccharide epitopes remaining in the walls after enzyme treatment and quantitative nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (oxime-NIMS) to determine soluble sugar products of their reactions. Single, purified enzymes from the GH5_4, GH10, and GH11 families of glycoside hydrolases hydrolyzed hemicelluloses as evidenced by the loss ofmore » specific epitopes from the glycome profiles in enzyme-treated plant biomass. The glycome profiling data were further substantiated by oxime-NIMS, which identified hexose products from hydrolysis of cellulose, and pentose-only and mixed hexose-pentose products from the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. The GH10 enzyme proved to be reactive with the broadest diversity of xylose-backbone polysaccharide epitopes, but was incapable of reacting with glucose-backbone polysaccharides. In contrast, the GH5 and GH11 enzymes studied here showed the ability to react with both glucose- and xylose-backbone polysaccharides. The identification of enzyme specificity for a wide diversity of polysaccharide structures provided by glycome profiling, and the correlated identification of soluble oligosaccharide hydrolysis products provided by oxime-NIMS, offers a unique combination to understand the hydrolytic capabilities and constraints of individual enzymes as they interact with plant biomass.« less

Very-short range forecasting system for 2018 Pyeonchang Winter Olympic and Paralympic games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Ji-Eun; Park, Kyungjeen; Kim, Minyou; Kim, Changhwan; Joo, Sangwon

2016-04-01

The 23rd Olympic Winter and the 13th Paralympic Winter Games will be held in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea respectively from 9 to 25 February 2018 and from 9 to 18 February 2018. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the National Institute for Meteorological Science (NIMS) have the responsibility to provide weather information for the management of the Games and the safety of the public. NIMS will carry out a Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP) and a Research and Development Project (RDP) which will be called ICE-POP 2018. These projects will focus on intensive observation campaigns to understand severe winter weathers over the Pyeongchang region, and the research results from the RDP will be used to improve the accuracy of nowcasting and very short-range forecast systems during the Games. To support these projects, NIMS developed Very-short range Data Assimilation and Prediction System (VDAPS), which is run in real time with 1 hour cycling interval and up to 12 hour forecasts. The domain is covering Korean Peninsular and surrounding seas with 1.5km horizontal resolution. AWS, windprofiler, buoy, sonde, aircraft, scatwinds, and radar radial winds are assimilated by 3DVAR on 3km resolution inner domain. The rain rate is converted into latent heat and initialized via nudging. The visibility data are also assimilated with the addition of aerosol control variable. The experiments results show the improvement in rainfall over south sea of Korean peninsula. In order to reduce excessive rainfalls during first 2 hours due to the reduced cycling interval, the data assimilation algorithm is optimized.

New hot spot on Io discovered by NIMS during orbit C9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on Galileo observes Io on nearly every orbit as part of a program monitoring the level of volcanic activity on this moon. Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System and NIMS has discovered many new volcanoes. The latest addition to the inventory was discovered during orbit C9, at Shamash Patera, located on the side of Io facing away from Jupiter. The image above shows, on the left, the portion of Io imaged during this observation as seen by Voyager. The image on the right shows Io at 4.99 microns (in the infrared). Some of the disk is in darkness, making the identification of these hot spots easier. New names have been given to some of the newly discovered features. The hot spots Isum, Mulungu and Tupan have been active since their discovery during the G1 orbit. Zamama, an active region between Prometheus and Isum, was discovered during G1. It was active through orbit E4 but has since faded considerably.

This image was taken on June 28, 1997, at a resolution of 302 km/pixel.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

NIMS Spectral Maps of Jupiter's Great Red Spot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instrument looks at Jupiter's Great Red Spot, in these views from June 26, 1996. NIMS studies infrared wavelengths of light that our eye cannot see. These maps are at four different infrared wavelengths, each one picked to reveal something different about the atmosphere.

The top image is a false color map of a wavelength that is at the red edge of our ability to see. It shows the shapes of features that we would see with our eyes.

The second map is of ammonia ice, red showing where the most ice is, blue where none exists. The differences between this and the first image are due to the amount and size of ammonia ice crystals.

The third map down is from a wavelength that shows cloud heights, with the highest clouds in red, and the lowest in blue.

The bottom map uses a wavelength that shows the hot Jupiter shining through the clouds. Red represents the thinnest clouds, and blue is thickest where it is more difficult to see below. Comparing the bottom two images, note that the highest clouds are in the center of the Great Red Spot, while there are relatively few clouds around the edges.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Neuroendocrine immunomodulation network dysfunction in SAMP8 mice and PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice: potential mechanism underlying cognitive impairment

PubMed Central

Wang, Jian-hui; Cheng, Xiao-rui; Zhang, Xiao-rui; Wang, Tong-xing; Xu, Wen-jian; Li, Fei; Liu, Feng; Cheng, Jun-ping; Bo, Xiao-chen; Wang, Sheng-qi; Zhou, Wen-xia; Zhang, Yong-xiang

2016-01-01

Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8) and PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice are classic animal models of sporadic Alzheimer's disease and familial AD respectively. Our study showed that object recognition memory, spatial learning and memory, active and passive avoidance were deteriorated and neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) network was imbalance in SAMP8 and APP/PS1 mice. SAMP8 and APP/PS1 mice had their own specific phenotype of cognition, neuroendocrine, immune and NIM molecular network. The endocrine hormone corticosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, chemotactic factor monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor and eotaxin, pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-23, and the Th1 cell acting as cell immunity accounted for cognitive deficiencies in SAMP8 mice, while adrenocorticotropic hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone, colony stimulating factor granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and Th2 cell acting as humoral immunity in APP/PS1 mice. On the pathway level, chemokine signaling and T cell receptor signaling pathway played the key role in cognition impairments of two models, while cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity were more important in cognitive deterioration of SAMP8 mice than APP/PS1 mice. This mechanisms of NIM network underlying cognitive impairment is significant for further understanding the pathogenesis of AD and can provide useful information for development of AD therapeutic drug. PMID:27049828

Determination of glycoside hydrolase specificities during hydrolysis of plant cell walls using glycome profiling

DOE PAGES

Walker, Johnnie A.; Pattathil, Sivakumar; Bergeman, Lai F.; ...

2017-02-02

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides into simple sugars. To better understand the specificity of enzyme hydrolysis within the complex matrix of polysaccharides found in the plant cell wall, we studied the reactions of individual enzymes using glycome profiling, where a comprehensive collection of cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies are used to detect polysaccharide epitopes remaining in the walls after enzyme treatment and quantitative nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (oxime-NIMS) to determine soluble sugar products of their reactions. Single, purified enzymes from the GH5_4, GH10, and GH11 families of glycoside hydrolases hydrolyzed hemicelluloses as evidenced by the loss ofmore » specific epitopes from the glycome profiles in enzyme-treated plant biomass. The glycome profiling data were further substantiated by oxime-NIMS, which identified hexose products from hydrolysis of cellulose, and pentose-only and mixed hexose-pentose products from the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. The GH10 enzyme proved to be reactive with the broadest diversity of xylose-backbone polysaccharide epitopes, but was incapable of reacting with glucose-backbone polysaccharides. In contrast, the GH5 and GH11 enzymes studied here showed the ability to react with both glucose- and xylose-backbone polysaccharides. The identification of enzyme specificity for a wide diversity of polysaccharide structures provided by glycome profiling, and the correlated identification of soluble oligosaccharide hydrolysis products provided by oxime-NIMS, offers a unique combination to understand the hydrolytic capabilities and constraints of individual enzymes as they interact with plant biomass.« less

Microwave Nondestructive Evaluation of Dielectric Materials with a Metamaterial Lens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shreiber, Daniel; Gupta, Mool; Cravey, Robin L.

2008-01-01

A novel microwave Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) sensor was developed in an attempt to increase the sensitivity of the microwave NDE method for detection of defects small relative to a wavelength. The sensor was designed on the basis of a negative index material (NIM) lens. Characterization of the lens was performed to determine its resonant frequency, index of refraction, focus spot size, and optimal focusing length (for proper sample location). A sub-wavelength spot size (3 dB) of 0.48 lambda was obtained. The proof of concept for the sensor was achieved when a fiberglass sample with a 3 mm diameter through hole (perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave) was tested. The hole was successfully detected with an 8.2 cm wavelength electromagnetic wave. This method is able to detect a defect that is 0.037 lambda. This method has certain advantages over other far field and near field microwave NDE methods currently in use.

Colloid-based multiplexed method for screening plant biomass-degrading glycoside hydrolase activities in microbial communities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reindl, W.; Deng, K.; Gladden, J.M.

2011-05-01

The enzymatic hydrolysis of long-chain polysaccharides is a crucial step in the conversion of biomass to lignocellulosic biofuels. The identification and characterization of optimal glycoside hydrolases is dependent on enzyme activity assays, however existing methods are limited in terms of compatibility with a broad range of reaction conditions, sample complexity, and especially multiplexity. The method we present is a multiplexed approach based on Nanostructure-Initiator Mass Spectrometry (NIMS) that allowed studying several glycolytic activities in parallel under diverse assay conditions. Although the substrate analogs carried a highly hydrophobic perfluorinated tag, assays could be performed in aqueous solutions due colloid formation ofmore » the substrate molecules. We first validated our method by analyzing known {beta}-glucosidase and {beta}-xylosidase activities in single and parallel assay setups, followed by the identification and characterization of yet unknown glycoside hydrolase activities in microbial communities.« less

High Spatial Resolution Europa Coverage by the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer NIMS

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-26

NASA Galileo spacecraft, which was used to map the mineral and ice properties over the surfaces of the Jovian moons, producing global spectral images for small selected regions on the satellites in 1996-97.

Mass spectrometry of planetary exospheres at high relative velocity: direct comparison of open- and closed source measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Stefan; Tulej, Marek; Wurz, Peter

2016-04-01

The exploration of habitable worlds around the gas giants in the Solar System is of major interest in upcoming planetary missions. Exactly this theme is addressed by the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of ESA, which will characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats [1], [2]. We developed a prototype of the Neutral gas and Ion Mass spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) for the JUICE mission intended for composition measurements of neutral gas and thermal plasma. NIM/PEP will be used to measure the chemical composition of the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons. Besides direct ion measurement, the NIM instrument is able to measure the inflowing neutral gas in two different modes: in neutral mode the gas enters directly the ion source (open source) and in thermal mode, the gas gets thermally accommodated to wall temperature by several collisions inside an equilibrium sphere before entering the ion source (closed source). We performed measurements with the prototype NIM using a neutral gas beam of 1 up to 5 km/s velocity in the neutral and thermal mode. The current trajectory of JUICE foresees a flyby velocity of 4 km/s at Europa, other flybys are in the range of 1 up to 7 km/s and velocity in Ganymede orbits is around 2 km/s. Different species are used for gas beam, such as noble gases Ne, Ar, Kr as well as molecules like H2, Methane, Ethane, Propane and more complex ones. We will present the results of these measurements with respect to fragmentation and density enhancements in the closed source mode. Furthermore, we will give a direct comparison between open and closed source mode measurements. References: [1] ESA, "JUICE assessment study report (Yellow Book)", ESA/SRE(2011)18, 2012. [2] O. Grasset, M.K. Dougherty, A. Coustenis, E.J. Bunce, C. Erd, D. Titov, M. Blanc, A. Coates, P. Drossart, L.N. Fletcher, H. Hussmann, R. Jaumann, N. Krupp, J.-P. Lebreton, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Tortora, F. Tosi, T. Van Hoolst, "JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA mission to orbit Ganymede and to characterise the Jupiter system", Planet. Space Sci., 2013, 78, pp. 1 - 21.

Galileo NIMS Observes Amirani

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-11-19

This image is the highest-resolution thermal, or heat image, ever made of Amirani, a large volcano on Jupiter moon Io. It was taken on Oct. 10, 1999, by NASA Galileo spacecraft. Amirani is on the side of Io that permanently faces away from Jupiter.

Management advisory memorandum on National Airspace System infrastructure management system prototype, Federal Aviation Administration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-03-01

This is our Management Advisory Memorandum on the National Airspace : System (NAS) Infrastructure Management System (NIMS) prototype : project in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Our review was : initiated in response to a hotline complaint...

NIMS and Empa announce STAM collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Toyonobu; Krug, Harald F.

2014-02-01

In January 2014, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) joined the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) in collaborative activities on Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM). STAM was founded in 2000. In 2005 NIMS took over the management of its peer review and financial systems, resulting in a continuous rise of the impact of the journal. Empa will provide further support for the editorial management of STAM. In particular, it will establish a European office in Switzerland and reinforce the Editorial Board. From this point of view, I am pleased and excited to have new colleagues from Empa on our Editorial Board, and I believe that this collaboration will bring us a remarkable improvement in the international visibility of STAM and increase the number of paper submissions from Europe. It will expand the topics covered in the journal from traditional fields of materials science with a focus on energy and environmental issues to medical and bioengineering applications, where Empa has a significant expertise. I firmly believe that Empa's participation in publishing STAM will reinforce its position as an open-access journal with a global audience. Together with my colleagues, Yoshio Sakka (NIMS) and Shu Yamaguchi (University of Tokyo), I welcome Harald F Krug as the new Co-Editor-in-Chief of STAM. I am also pleased to learn that the year 2014 not only marks the 15th anniversary of STAM, but also the 150th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Switzerland. Toyonobu Yoshida Advances in materials science are key for the sustainable development of our society. That is why, starting from January 2014, Empa, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, have engaged in an entirely new field of activity: scientific publishing. As mentioned above, Empa joined NIMS in the publishing of STAM. We have a clear-cut goal in mind: we want to support our sister institute in its efforts to move a renowned scientific journal covering materials science and technology to the next level. To achieve this, we intend to 'diversify' the journal in two ways: firstly, with respect to contributing authors, we would like to attract colleagues from Europe as well as from the US to publish their latest results on groundbreaking and innovative insights into materials science in STAM; secondly, with respect to broadening the scope of the journal, we would like to develop topics in STAM such as biomedical applications or energy devices and systems. More specifically, we would like to offer a forum for discussions on the efficiency and reliability of assay systems, which are used in numerous institutes for investigating the biological safety of new materials. I am convinced that STAM can make significant contributions to the—at least at times—heated debates about widespread use of novel materials and related safety issues. I encourage all of you to join this necessary discussion with opinion papers, reviews and original research contributions. At Empa, we are looking forward to joining the editorial team of STAM to make the journal one of the prime sources for high-quality research on advanced materials and innovative applications. Harald F Krug

The SO2 Cycle on Io as Seen by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doute', S.; Lopes-Gautier, R.; Carlson, R. W.; Schmitt, B.; Soderblom, L. A.

2000-01-01

Based on the analysis of Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) hyperspectral images of Io that leads to sulfur dioxide distribution maps, we intend to give some insights about different processes occurring throughout the SO2 cycle.

Evaluating Intermittent Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Phase III Clinical Trials: The Devil Is in the Details.

PubMed

Hussain, Maha; Tangen, Catherine; Higano, Celestia; Vogelzang, Nicholas; Thompson, Ian

2016-01-20

Intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) has been widely tested in prostate cancer. However, phase III trials testing continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) versus IAD have reached inconclusive and seemingly contradictory results. Different design and conduct issues must be critically evaluated to better interpret the results. Seven published phase III trials were examined for prespecified design and outcomes. Treatment specifications; primary end point; superiority versus noninferiority design assumptions, including magnitude of assumed versus observed noninferiority margin (NIM); duration of follow-up; and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes were considered in terms of the results and conclusions reported. Five trials had a superiority and three had a noninferiority primary hypothesis. Only three trials had a uniform population and overall survival (OS) end point. All trials observed better outcomes in terms of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) than assumed at time of study design, translating into prespecified NIMs or hazard ratios that reflected larger absolute differences in OS or PFS between arms. Lower-than-expected event rates also reduced statistical power for the trials. Other factors, including length of follow-up, cause of death, QOL, and primary end point, and their impact on trial interpretation are discussed. No trial to date has demonstrated survival superiority of IAD compared with CAD. Trials concluding IAD is noninferior to CAD were based on wide NIMs that included clinically important survival differences, not likely to be considered comparable by physicians or patients. Interim analyses relying on short follow-up and including a majority of non-prostate cancer deaths will favor a noninferiority conclusion and should be interpreted cautiously. Adequate follow-up is required to ensure capture of prostate cancer deaths in both superiority and noninferiority trials. © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Active Volcanism on Io: Global Distribution and Variations in Activity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lopes-Gautier, R.; McEwen, A.S.; Smythe, W.B.; Geissler, P.E.; Kamp, L.; Davies, A.G.; Spencer, J.R.; Keszthelyi, L.; Carlson, R.; Leader, F.E.; Mehlman, R.; Soderblom, L.

1999-01-01

Io's volcanic activity has been monitored by instruments aboard the Galileo spacecraft since June 28, 1996. We present results from observations by the near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) for the first 10 orbits of Galileo, correlate them with results from the Solid State Imaging System (SSI) and from groundbased observations, and compare them to what was known about Io's volcanic activity from observations made during the two Voyager flybys in 1979. A total of 61 active volcanic centers have been identified from Voyager, groundbased, and Galileo observations. Of these, 41 are hot spots detected by NIMS and/or SSI. Another 25 locations were identified as possible active volcanic centers, mostly on the basis of observed surface changes. Hot spots are correlated with surface colors, particularly dark and red deposits, and generally anti-correlated with white, SO2-rich areas. Surface features corresponding to the hot spots, mostly calderas or flows, were identified from Galileo and Voyager images. Hot spot temperatures obtained from both NIMS and SSI are consistent with silicate volcanism, which appears to be widespread on Io. Two types of hot spot activity are present: persistent-type activity, lasting from months to years, and sporadic events, which may represent either short-lived activity or low-level activity that occasionally flares up. Sporadic events are not often detected, but may make an important contribution to Io's heat flow and resurfacing. The distribution of active volcanic centers on the surface does not show any clear correlation with latitude, longitude, Voyager-derived global topography, or heat flow patterns predicted by the asthenosphere and deep mantle tidal dissipation models. However, persistent hot spots and active plumes are concentrated toward lower latitudes, and this distribution favors the asthenosphere rather than the deep mantle tidal dissipation model. ?? 1999 Academic Press.

Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the febrile response of mice to interleukin-1beta.

PubMed

Li, S; Ballou, L R; Morham, S G; Blatteis, C M

2001-08-10

Various lines of evidence have implicated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as a modulator of the fever induced by the exogenous pyrogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thus, treatment with specific inhibitors of COX-2 suppresses the febrile response without affecting basal body (core) temperature (T(c)). Furthermore, COX-2 gene-ablated mice are unable to develop a febrile response to intraperitoneal (i.p.) LPS, whereas their COX-1-deficient counterparts produce fevers not different from their wild-type (WT) controls. To extend the apparently critical role of COX-2 for LPS-induced fevers to fevers produced by endogenous pyrogens, we studied the thermal responses of COX-1- and COX-2 congenitally deficient mice to i.p. and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of recombinant murine (rm) interleukin (IL)-1beta. We also assessed the effects of one selective COX-1 inhibitor, SC-560, and two selective COX-2 inhibitors, nimesulide (NIM) and dimethylfuranone (DFU), on the febrile responses of WT and COX-1(-/-) mice to LPS and rmIL-1beta, i.p. Finally, we verified the integrity of the animals' responses to PGE2, i.c.v. I.p. and i.c.v. rmIL-1beta induced similar fevers in WT and COX-1 knockout mice, but provoked no rise in the T(c)s of COX-2 null mutants. The fever produced in WT mice by i.p. LPS was not affected by SC-560, but it was attenuated and abolished by NIM and DFU, respectively, while that caused by i.p. rmIL-1beta was converted into a T(c) fall by DFU. There were no differences in the responses to i.c.v. PGE2 among the WT and COX knockout mice. These results, therefore, further support the notion that the production of PGE2 in response to pyrogens is critically dependent on COX-2 expression.

EFFECTS OF INTENSE, SHORT DURATION GRAZING ON MICROTOPOGRAPHY IN A CHIHUAHUAN DESERT GRASSLAND

EPA Science Inventory

Microtopography describes variations in soil surface elevation (nim or cm) for a scale of a few meters of horizontal distance, Small-scale (few centimeters) changes in vegetation communities synchronized with the elevation differences were observed in drained marsh (Zedler & Zedl...

Editorial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schiwietz, Gregor; Klaumünzer, Siegfried; Mahnke, Heinz-Eberhard

2007-03-01

This NIM-B issue contains the Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids (ICACS-22) held in the main building of the Technische Universität Berlin (Strasse des 17.Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany) from the 21st until the 26th of July 2006.

User manual for veteran's glass city skyway bridge monitoring system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

Douglas Nims 0000-0001-7663-397X : Victor Hunt 0000-0002-1590-3291 : Arthur Helmicki 0000-0002-7759-5482 : The Veterans Glass City Skyway Bridge is a large cable stayed bridge in Toledo, Ohio owned and : operated by the Ohio Department of Transpor...

CLEAN WATER STATE REVOLVING FUND NATIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NIMS)

EPA Science Inventory

Resource Purpose:Data collected annually from EPA Regional Offices and States on the 51 Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) programs. The data provides the Agency with information on sources and uses of CWSRF funds to finance wastewater management projects, nonpoint ...

Beta Decay Half-Life of 84Mo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoker, J. B.; Mantica, P. F.; Bazin, D.; Bickley, A.; Becerril, A.; Crawford, H.; Cruse, K.; Estrade, A.; Mosby, M.; Guess, C. J.; Hitt, G. W.; Lorusso, G.; Matos, M.; Meharchand, R.; Minamisono, K.; Montes, F.; Pereira, J.; Perdikakis, G.; Pinter, J. S.; Schatz, H.; Vredevoogd, J.; Zegers, R. G. T.

2008-10-01

The β-decay half-life ^84Mo governs leakage out of the Zr-Nb cycle, a high temperature rp-process endpoint in x-ray binaries [1]. Treatment of the background and the poor statistics accumulated during the previous half-life measurement leave questions about statistical and systematic errors. We have remeasured the half-life of ^84Mo using a concerted setup of the NSCL β-Counting System [3] and 16 detectors from the Segmented Germanium Array [4]. We will report the half-life for ^84Mo, deduced using 40 times the previous sample size. The application of the NSCL RF Fragment Separator to remove unwanted isotopes, and hence reduce background for the half-life measurement, will also be discussed. [1] H. Schatz et al., Phys. Rep. 294, 167 1998 [2] P. Kienle et al., Prog. Part. Nuc. Phys. 46, 73 2001 [3] J. Prisciandaro et al., NIM A 505, 140 2003 [4] W. Mueller et al., NIM A 466, 492 2001 [5] D. Gorelov et al. PAC 2005, Knoxville, TN, May 16-20

β-Decay Study of the rp-Process Nucleus ^96Cd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becerril, Ana; Amthor, A.; Baumann, T.; Bazin, D.; Crawford, H.; Estrade, A.; Gade, A.; Ginter, T.; Guess, C.; Hausmann, M.; Hitt, G.; Lorusso, G.; Mantica, P.; Matos, M.; Meharchand, R.; Minamisono, K.; Montes, F.; Pereira, J.; Perdikakis, G.; Pinter, J.; Portillo, M.; Schatz, H.; Smith, K.; Stoker, J.; Zegers, R.

2008-10-01

The half-life of ^96Cd, one of the major waiting points along the reaction path of the rp-process [1] has been measured at NSCL. Nuclei of interest were produced by fragmentation of a 120 MeV/u ^112Sn primary beam on a Be target and selected with the A1900 fragment separator in conjunction with the RF Fragment Separator [2]. The experimental setup, which consisted on the NSCL β-Counting System [3] and the Segmented Germanium Array [4], permitted the correlation of implants and decays as well as the detection of both prompt and β-delayed γ-rays from implanted ions. Details of the experiment and results will be presented and their implications discussed. [1] H. Schatz et al., Phys. Rep. 294, 167 1998 [2] D. Gorelov et al. PAC 2005, Knoxville, TN, May 16-20 [3] J. Prisciandaro et al., NIM A 505, 140 2003 [4] W. Mueller et al., NIM A 466, 492 2001

The total spectral radiant flux calibration using a spherical spectrometer at National Institute of Metrology China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Weiqiang; Liu, Hui; Liu, Jian

2016-11-01

At present day, in the field of lighting the incandescent lamps are phasing out. The solid state lighting products, i.e. LED, and the related market are developing very fast in China for its promising application, due to the energy-saving and the colorful features. For the quality control and the commercial trade purpose, it is highly necessary to measure the optical parameters of LED light sources with a fast, easy and affordable facility. Therefore, more test labs use the spherical spectrometer to measure LED. The quasi- monochrome of LED and the V(lambda) of silicon photodetector mismatch problem is reduced or avoided, because the total spectral radiant flux (TSRF) is measured, and all the optical parameters are calculate from the TSRF. In such a way, the spherical spectrometer calibration requires TSRF standard lamps instead of the traditional total flux standard lamps. National Institute of Metrology China (NIM) has studied and developed the facilities for TSRF measurement and provides related calibration services. This paper shows the TSRF standard lamp calibration procedure using a spherical spectrometer in every-day calibration and its traceable link to the primary SI unit at NIM. The sphere is of 1.5 m diameter, and installed with a spectrometer and a silicon photodetector. It also shows the detail of data process, such as the spectral absorption correction method and the calculation of the result derived from the spectral readings. The TSRF calibration covers the spectra range of 350 nm to 1050 nm, with a measurement uncertainty of 3.6% 1.8% (k=2).

Ray tracing: Experience at SRC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Severson, M.

1996-09-01

SHADOW [B. Lai and F. Cerrina, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A {bold 246}, 337 (1986)] is the primary ray-tracing program used at SRC. Ray tracing provides a tremendous amount of information regarding beamline layout, mirror sizes, resolution, alignment tolerances, and beam size at various locations. It also provides a way to check the beamline design for errors. Two recent designs have been ray traced extensively: an undulator-based, 4-meter, normal-incidence monochromator (NIM) [R. Reininger, M.C. Severson, R.W.C. Hansen, W.R. Winter, M.A. Green, and W.S. Trzeciak, Rev. Sci. Instrum. {bold 66}, 2194 (1995)] and an undulator-based, plane-grating monochromator (PGM) [R. Reininger, S.L. Crossley,more » M.A. Lagergren, M.C. Severson, and R.W.C. Hansen, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A {bold 347}, 304 (1994)]. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Games for Developing Mathematical Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williford, Harold

1992-01-01

The three middle school games described in this article focus on problem solving and mathematical reasoning skills. Included are Solomon's game, nine mens' morris, and nim-with-cards which all offer not only high student interest and strong mathematical value but also simple rules, ease of construction, and attractiveness for repeated play.…

Incident Management: Process into Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isaac, Gayle; Moore, Brian

2011-01-01

Tornados, shootings, fires--these are emergencies that require fast action by school district personnel, but they are not the only incidents that require risk management. The authors have introduced the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS) and assured that these systems can help educators plan for and…

Linguistic Apes: What Are They Saying?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terrace, Herbert S.

1979-01-01

Focusing on the question, "Can chimpanzees produce new sentences or merely sequences?" Terrace describes his efforts to teach the chimpanzee Nim to communicate through sign language. From his results, and the Gardners' experiments with Washoe, he concludes that no proof yet exists that chimpanzees can use language as humans do. (SJL)

Ordinary Chondrite Spectral Signatures in the 243 Ida Asteroid System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granahan, J. C.

2012-12-01

The NASA Galileo spacecraft observed asteroid 243 Ida and satellite Dactyl on August 28, 1993, with the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) at wavelengths ranging from 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers[Carlson et al., 1994]. Work is being conducted to produce radiance-calibrated spectral images of 243 Ida consisting of 17-channel, 299 meters per pixel files and a 102-channel, 3.2 kilometer per pixel NIMS observations of 243 Ida for the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). These data are currently archived in PDS as uncalibrated data number counts. Radiometric calibrated 17-channel and 102-channel NIMS spectral data files of Dactyl and light curve 243 Ida observations are also being prepared. Analysis of this infrared asteroid data has confirmed that both 243 Ida and Dactyl are S-type asteroid objects and found that their olivine and pyroxene mineral abundances are consistent with that of ordinary chondrite meteorites. Tholen [1989] identified 243 Ida and Chapman et al. [1995] identified Dactyl as S-type asteroids on the basis of spectral data ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 micrometers. S-type are described [Tholen, 1989] as asteroids with a moderate albedos, a moderate to strong absorption feature shortward of 0.7 micrometers, and moderate to nonexistent absorption features longward of 0.7 micrometers. DeMeo et al. [2009] found 243 Ida to be a Sw asteroid based on Earth-based spectral observations 0.4 to 2.5 micrometers in range. Sw is a subclass of S-type asteroids that has a space weathering spectral component [DeMeo et al., 2009]. The NIMS data 243 Ida and Dactyl processed in this study exhibit signatures consistent with the Sw designation of DeMeo et al. [2009]. Measurements of olivine and pyroxene spectral bands were also conducted for the NIMS radiance data of 243 Ida and Dactyl. Band depth and band center measurements have been used to compare S-type asteroids with those of meteorites [Dunn et al., 2010; Gaffey et al., 1993]. The 243 Ida spectra were found to be consistent with those of Granahan [2002] and corresponded to measurements of LL chondrites. Dactyl was found to have spectral bands that correlate to L chondrite meteorite signatures as measured by Dunn et al. [2010]. The spectra band measurements of both objects correspond to those of the SIV class [Gaffey et al., 1993] of the S asteroids. Both L and LL chondrites are types of ordinary chondrite meteorites. Carlson, R. W., et al. (1994), Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 26, 1156. Chapman, C. R., et al. (1995), Nature, 374, 783-785. DeMeo, F. E., R. P. Binzel, S. M. Slivan, and S. J. Bus (2009), Icarus, 202, 160-180. Dunn, T. L., T. J. McCoy, J. M. Sunshine, and H. Y. McSween (2010), Icarus, 208, 789-797. Gaffey, M. J., J. F. Bell, R. H. Brown, T. H. Burbine, J. L. Piatek, K. L. Reed, and D. A. Chaky (1993), Icarus, 106, 573-602. Granahan, J. C. (2002), Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 107(E10), 5090-5100. Tholen, D. J. (1989), in Asteroids II, edited by R. P. Binzel, T. Gehrels, and M.S. Matthews, pp. 1139-1150, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Phrenic nerve stimulation during neck dissection for advanced thyroid cancer involving level IV: is it worth doing it?

PubMed

Duque, Carlos S; Dueñas, Juan P; Marulanda, Marcela; Pérez, Diana; Londoňo, Andres; Roy, Soham; Khadem, Mai Al

2017-03-01

During thyroidectomy and neck dissection surgery for advanced or recurrent metastatic thyroid cancer under intraoperative monitoring, we used the available technology to assess the feasibility of such an intervention to monitor those patients with phrenic nerves at risk. A retrospective review of patients operated on from January 2009 to December 2015 by a single surgeon (CSD) was conducted. Patients who had neck and mediastinal dissection, with or without total thyroidectomy, due to advanced or recurrent metastatic disease to the neck were selected. The procedures were done under intraoperative nerve monitoring using nerve monitoring systems (NIM 2.0 or 3.0; Medtronic, Jacksonville, FL, USA). A total of 19 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 57.6 years ± 16.3 and a male/female ratio of 10:9. Overall, all patients had an intact phrenic nerve at the conclusion of the surgery. One patient had an aggressive tumor that precluded sacrifice of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and ipsilateral thoracic duct. The procedure was complicated by a temporary impairment of the diaphragm contraction with intraoperative nerve monitoring as well as a chyle fistula. This was due to the manipulation of the tissue surrounding the phrenic nerve. Intraoperative nerve monitoring of the phrenic nerve offers the surgeon a "potential" method of ensuring phrenic nerve integrity in cases of advanced thyroid cancers with gross level IV metastatic disease. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the risks of this intervention and evaluate the method of recording diaphragm contraction movement.

26th National Neurotrauma Symposium

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-31

Sanchez Alvaro I., Puyana Juan C., Fabio Anthony, Adelson P. David 81 COMPARATIVE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORIN A AND NIM811, A NON...Xiangbai, Fabio Anthony, Yuan Zhifang, Niyonkuru Christian, Wagner Amy 99 ACTIVATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEINS BY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY...Metabolism/Physiological Assessments TBI Mitchell Cohen University of California, San Francisco Ferguson Adam, Cohen Mitchell, Morabito Diane

12 CFR 1777.10 - Developments prompting supervisory response.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) An Enterprise's publicly reported net income for the most recent calendar quarter is less than one-half of its average quarterly net income for any four-quarter period during the prior eight quarters... than one-half of its average NIM for any four-quarter period during the prior eight quarters; (d) For...

Electrical Transport Properties of Polycrystalline Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-14

Lou, Sina Najmaei, Matin Amani, Matthew L. Chin, Zheng Se. TASK NUMBER Liu Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAMES AND ADDRESSES 8...Transport Properties of Polycrystalline Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Sina Najmaei,t.§ Matin Ama ni,M Matthew L. Chin,* Zhe ng liu/ ·"·v: A. Gle n

Hydrated salt minerals on Ganymede's surface: evidence of an ocean below.

PubMed

McCord, T B; Hansen, G B; Hibbitts, C A

2001-05-25

Reflectance spectra from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) suggests that the surface of Ganymede, the largest satellite of Jupiter, contains hydrated materials. These materials are interpreted to be similar to those found on Europa, that is, mostly frozen magnesium sulfate brines that are derived from a subsurface briny layer of fluid.

Feigning combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder on the personality assessment inventory.

PubMed

Calhoun, P S; Earnst, K S; Tucker, D D; Kirby, A C; Beckham, J C

2000-10-01

This study examined whether individuals who were instructed on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could feign PTSD on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991). The study also investigated whether PAI indexes of symptom exaggeration, the Negative Impression Management (NIM) scale and the Malingering index, could identify individuals feigning PTSD. The diagnostic rule for PTSD (Morey, 1991, 1996) was applied to the profiles of a group of 23 veterans with combat-related PTSD and 23 male undergraduates instructed to malinger PTSD. Seventy percent of the student malingerers produced profiles that received diagnostic consideration for PTSD. The NIM cutting score (> or = 8) was highly effective in detecting simulation of PTSD but resulted in the misclassification of a large number of true PTSD cases. There were no significant differences in the overall efficiency of the test with various validity criteria. We discuss the implications of these findings for the use of the PAI in the diagnosis of combat-related PTSD.

The thermal structure and dynamics of the atmosphere of Venus between 70 and 90 km from the Galileo-NIMS spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roos-Serote, M.; Drossart, P.; Encrenaz, TH.; Lellouch, E.; Carlson, R. W.; Baines, K. H.; Taylor, F. W.; Calcutt, S. B.

1995-01-01

An analysis of thermal profiles and dynamics over a wide range of latitudes for the venusian atmosphere between 70 and 90 km is presented based on high spatial resolution infrared spectra of the night side obtained by the near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) experiment during the Galileo-Venus encounter in February 1990. Using the 4.3-micrometer CO2 absorption band, the temperature profile is retrieved in the 75- to 91-km altitude region over a latitudinal range of -59 deg to +64 deg. Compared to earlier observations from the Pioneer Venus mission, the temperature at 91 km is about 10 K higher and between 74 and 83 km about 3.6 K colder. An equator to pole warming at constant pressure levels is found and implications for the zonal wind profiles are drawn under the assumption that the atmosphere is in cyclostrophic balance in the region of 70 to 90 km. The results are in correspondence with direct wind measurements from ground-based observations at 95 km and 105 km altitude.

Growth of normally-immiscible materials (NIMs), binary alloys, and metallic fibers by hyperbaric laser chemical vapor deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maxwell, J. L.; Black, M. R.; Chavez, C. A.; Maskaly, K. R.; Espinoza, M.; Boman, M.; Landstrom, L.

2008-06-01

This work demonstrates that two or more elements of negligible solubility (and no known phase diagram) can be co-deposited in fiber form by hyperbaric-pressure laser chemical vapor deposition (HP-LCVD). For the first time, Hg-W alloys were grown as fibers from mixtures of tungsten hexafluoride, mercury vapor, and hydrogen. This new class of materials is termed normally-immiscible materials (NIMs), and includes not only immiscible materials, but also those elemental combinations that have liquid states at exclusive temperatures. This work also demonstrates that a wide variety of other binary and ternary alloys, intermetallics, and mixtures can be grown as fibers, e.g. silicon-tungsten, aluminum-silicon, boron-carbon-silicon, and titanium-carbon-nitride. In addition, pure metallic fibers of aluminum, titanium, and tungsten were deposited, demonstrating that materials of high thermal conductivity can indeed be grown in three-dimensions, provided sufficient vapor pressures are employed. A wide variety of fiber properties and microstructures resulted depending on process conditions; for example, single crystals, fine-grained alloys, and glassy metals could be deposited.

Two New Hot Spots on Io

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on Galileo obtained this image of half of Io's disk in darkness on September 19, 1997. This image, at 5 microns, shows several hot spots on Io, which are volcanic regions of enhanced thermal emission. The area shown is part of the leading hemisphere of Io.

Two new hot spots are shown and indicated in the image (New, and Shamshu). Neither of these hot spots were seen by NIMS or the Solid State Imaging Experiment, (SSI) prior to this observation, becoming only recently active. Several other previously known hot spots are labelled in the image. Galileo was at a distance of 342,000 km from Io when this observation was made.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Phase time delay and Hartman effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with four-level atomic defect layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamil, Rabia; Ali, Abu Bakar; Abbas, Muqaddar; Badshah, Fazal; Qamar, Sajid

2017-08-01

The Hartman effect is revisited using a Gaussian beam incident on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) having a defect layer doped with four-level atoms. It is considered that each atom of the defect layer interacts with three driving fields, whereas a Gaussian beam of width w is used as a probe light to study Hartman effect. The atom-field interaction inside the defect layer exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The 1DPC acts as positive index material (PIM) and negative index material (NIM) corresponding to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively, via control of the phase associated with the driving fields and probe detuning. The positive and negative Hartman effects are noticed for PIM and NIM, respectively, via control of the relative phase corresponding to the driving fields and probe detuning. The advantage of using four-level EIT system is that a much smaller absorption of the transmitted beam occurs as compared to three-level EIT system corresponding to the anomalous dispersion, leading to negative Hartman effect.

Interactive Effects of Jasmonic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Gibberellin on Induction of Trichomes in Arabidopsis1

PubMed Central

Traw, M. Brian; Bergelson, Joy

2003-01-01

Leaf trichomes protect plants from attack by insect herbivores and are often induced following damage. Hormonal regulation of this plant induction response has not been previously studied. In a series of experiments, we addressed the effects of artificial damage, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin on induction of trichomes in Arabidopsis. Artificial damage and jasmonic acid caused significant increases in trichome production of leaves. The jar1-1 mutant exhibited normal trichome induction following treatment with jasmonic acid, suggesting that adenylation of jasmonic acid is not necessary. Salicylic acid had a negative effect on trichome production and consistently reduced the effect of jasmonic acid, suggesting negative cross-talk between the jasmonate and salicylate-dependent defense pathways. Interestingly, the effect of salicylic acid persisted in the nim1-1 mutant, suggesting that the Npr1/Nim1 gene is not downstream of salicylic acid in the negative regulation of trichome production. Last, we found that gibberellin and jasmonic acid had a synergistic effect on the induction of trichomes, suggesting important interactions between these two compounds. PMID:14551332

Thermal signature, eruption style, and eruption evolution at Pele and Pillan on Io

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davies, A.G.; Keszthelyi, L.P.; Williams, D.A.; Phillips, C.B.; McEwen, A.S.; Lopes, R.M.C.; Smythe, W.D.; Kamp, L.W.; Soderblom, L.A.; Carlson, R.W.

2001-01-01

The Galileo spacecraft has been periodically monitoring volcanic activity on Io since June 1996, making it possible to chart the evolution of individual eruptions. We present results of coanalysis of Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) and solid-state imaging (SSI) data of eruptions at Pele and Pillan, especially from a particularly illuminating data set consisting of mutually constraining, near-simultaneous NIMS and SSI observations obtained during orbit C9 in June 1997. The observed thermal signature from each hot spot, and the way in which the thermal signature changes with time, tightly constrains the possible styles of eruption. Pele and Pillan have very different eruption styles. From September 1996 through May 1999, Pele demonstrates an almost constant total thermal output, with thermal emission spectra indicative of a long-lived, active lava lake. The NIMS Pillan data exhibit the thermal signature of a "Pillanian" eruption style, a large, vigorous eruption with associated open channel, or sheet flows, producing an extensive flow field by orbit C10 in September 1997. The high mass eruption rate, high liquidus temperature (at least 1870 K) eruption at Pillan is the best candidate so far for an active ultramafic (magnesium-rich, "komatiitic") flow on Io, a style of eruption never before witnessed. The thermal output per unit area from Pillan is, however, consistent with the emplacement of large, open-channel flows. Magma temperature at Pele is ~1600 K. If the magma temperature is 1600 K, it suggests a komatiitic-basalt composition. The power output from Pele is indicative of a magma volumetric eruption rate of ~250 to 340 m3 s-1. Although the Pele lava lake is considerably larger than its terrestrial counterparts, the power and mass fluxes per unit area are similar to active terrestrial lava lakes. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Upregulation of immunoproteasome subunits in myositis indicates active inflammation with involvement of antigen presenting cells, CD8 T-cells and IFNΓ.

PubMed

Ghannam, Khetam; Martinez-Gamboa, Lorena; Spengler, Lydia; Krause, Sabine; Smiljanovic, Biljana; Bonin, Marc; Bhattarai, Salyan; Grützkau, Andreas; Burmester, Gerd-R; Häupl, Thomas; Feist, Eugen

2014-01-01

In idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) infiltration of immune cells into muscle and upregulation of MHC-I expression implies increased antigen presentation and involvement of the proteasome system. To decipher the role of immunoproteasomes in myositis, we investigated individual cell types and muscle tissues and focused on possible immune triggers. Expression of constitutive (PSMB5, -6, -7) and corresponding immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8, -9, -10) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR in muscle biopsies and sorted peripheral blood cells of patients with IIM, non-inflammatory myopathies (NIM) and healthy donors (HD). Protein analysis in muscle biopsies was performed by western blot. Affymetrix HG-U133 platform derived transcriptome data from biopsies of different muscle diseases and from immune cell types as well as monocyte stimulation experiments were used for validation, coregulation and coexpression analyses. Real-time RT-PCR revealed significantly increased expression of immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8/-9/-10) in DC, monocytes and CD8+ T-cells in IIM. In muscle biopsies, the immunosubunits were elevated in IIM compared to NIM and exceeded levels of matched blood samples. Proteins of PSMB8 and -9 were found only in IIM but not NIM muscle biopsies. Reanalysis of 78 myositis and 20 healthy muscle transcriptomes confirmed these results and revealed involvement of the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Comparison with reference profiles of sorted immune cells and healthy muscle confirmed upregulation of PSMB8 and -9 in myositis biopsies beyond infiltration related changes. This upregulation correlated highest with STAT1, IRF1 and IFNγ expression. Elevation of T-cell specific transcripts in active IIM muscles was accompanied by increased expression of DC and monocyte marker genes and thus reflects the cell type specific involvement observed in peripheral blood. Immunoproteasomes seem to indicate IIM activity and suggest that dominant involvement of antigen processing and presentation may qualify these diseases exemplarily for the evolving therapeutic concepts of immunoproteasome specific inhibition.

A Boltzmann constant determination based on Johnson noise thermometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flowers-Jacobs, N. E.; Pollarolo, A.; Coakley, K. J.; Fox, A. E.; Rogalla, H.; Tew, W. L.; Benz, S. P.

2017-10-01

A value for the Boltzmann constant was measured electronically using an improved version of the Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. This system is different from prior ones, including those from the 2011 determination at NIST and both 2015 and 2017 determinations at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China. As in all three previous determinations, the main contribution to the combined uncertainty is the statistical uncertainty in the noise measurement, which is mitigated by accumulating and integrating many weeks of cross-correlated measured data. The second major uncertainty contribution also still results from variations in the frequency response of the ratio of the measured spectral noise of the two noise sources, the sense resistor at the triple-point of water and the superconducting quantum voltage noise source. In this paper, we briefly describe the major differences between our JNT system and previous systems, in particular the input circuit and approach we used to match the frequency responses of the two noise sources. After analyzing and integrating 50 d of accumulated data, we determined a value: k~=1.380 642 9(69)× {{10}-23} J K-1 with a relative standard uncertainty of 5.0× {{10}-6} and relative offset -4.05× {{10}-6} from the CODATA 2014 recommended value.

A Study of the Effects of Verbalization on Concept Formation in Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albig, David L.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that requiring a student to verbalize a newly discovered mathematical concept interferes with his ability to use that concept. Five semi-programmed lessons (dealing with function machines, exponents, marker games, geometry, and One Pile Nim) were prepared and taught to a random selection…

Contact Allergy to Neem Oil.

PubMed

de Groot, Anton; Jagtman, Berend A; Woutersen, Marjolijn

A case of allergic contact dermatitis from neem oil is presented. Neem oil (synonyms: Melia azadirachta seed oil [INCI name], nim oil, margosa oil) is a vegetable (fixed) oil obtained from the seed of the neem tree Azadirachta indica by cold pressing. Contact allergy to neem oil has been described previously in only 3 patients. The allergen(s) is/are unknown.

Observing Ocean Ecosystems with Sonar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matzner, Shari; Maxwell, Adam R.; Ham, Kenneth D.

2016-12-01

We present a real-time processing system for sonar to detect and track animals, and to extract water column biomass statistics in order to facilitate continuous monitoring of an underwater environment. The Nekton Interaction Monitoring System (NIMS) is built to connect to an instrumentation network, where it consumes a real-time stream of sonar data and archives tracking and biomass data.

Algorithmic decision rules for estimating growth, removals, and mortality within a national-scale forest inventory (USA)

Treesearch

William H. McWilliams; Carol L. Alerich; William A. Bechtold; Mark Hansen; Christopher M. Oswalt; Mike Thompson; Jeff Turner

2012-01-01

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program maintains the National Information Management System (NIMS) that provides the computational framework for the annual forest inventory of the United States. Questions regarding the impact of key elements of programming logic, processing criteria, and estimation procedures...

Preliminary results of spatial modeling of selected forest health variables in Georgia

Treesearch

Brock Stewart; Chris J. Cieszewski

2009-01-01

Variables relating to forest health monitoring, such as mortality, are difficult to predict and model. We present here the results of fitting various spatial regression models to these variables. We interpolate plot-level values compiled from the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Information Management System (FIA-NIMS) data that are related to forest health....

NIMS Certification Addresses U.S. Need for Skilled Workers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dereu, Brian

2010-01-01

The current state of manufacturing in the United States calls for serious attention and action. For many years, U.S. manufacturers have complained of a shortage of skilled workers--and the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics backs up their concerns. One can place blame for reductions in American manufacturing on many things, but certainly the lack…

Protocol for the economic evaluation of a complex intervention to improve the mental health of maltreated infants and children in foster care in the UK (The BeST? services trial).

PubMed

Deidda, Manuela; Boyd, Kathleen Anne; Minnis, Helen; Donaldson, Julia; Brown, Kevin; Boyer, Nicole R S; McIntosh, Emma

2018-03-14

Children who have experienced abuse and neglect are at increased risk of mental and physical health problems throughout life. This places an enormous burden on individuals, families and society in terms of health services, education, social care and judiciary sectors. Evidence suggests that early intervention can mitigate the negative consequences of child maltreatment, exerting long-term positive effects on the health of maltreated children entering foster care. However, evidence on cost-effectiveness of such complex interventions is limited. This protocol describes the first economic evaluation of its kind in the UK. An economic evaluation alongside the Best Services Trial (BeST?) has been prospectively designed to identify, measure and value key resource and outcome impacts arising from the New Orleans intervention model (NIM) (an infant mental health service) compared with case management (CM) (enhanced social work services as usual). A within-trial economic evaluation and long-term model from a National Health Service/Personal Social Service and a broader societal perspective will be undertaken alongside the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-Public Health Research Unit (PHRU)-funded randomised multicentre BeST?. BeST? aims to evaluate NIM compared with CM for maltreated children entering foster care in a UK context. Collection of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the recent mapping of PedsQL to EuroQol-5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) will facilitate the estimation of quality-adjusted life years specific to the infant population for a cost-utility analysis. Other effectiveness outcomes will be incorporated into a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-consequences analysis (CCA). A long-term economic model and multiple economic evaluation frameworks will provide decision-makers with a comprehensive, multiperspective guide regarding cost-effectiveness of NIM. The long-term population health economic model will be developed to synthesise trial data with routine linked data and key government sector parameters informed by literature. Methods guidance for population health economic evaluation will be adopted (lifetime horizon, 1.5% discount rate for costs and benefits, CCA framework, multisector perspective). Ethics approval was obtained by the West of Scotland Ethics Committee. Results of the main trial and economic evaluation will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal as well as published in the peer-reviewed NIHR journals library (Public Health Research Programme). NCT02653716; Pre-results. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Math and the Real World: Fun and Games. Teaching Math.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

May, Lola

1993-01-01

Describes three simple games that do not involve numbers and that can be used to teach children problem-solving strategies and math skills. The games are Tick-Tack-Toe; Jest, a game that uses a blocking strategy; and Nim, a game that uses a capturing strategy. All three games force students to plan ahead and calculate possible outcomes using…

Math Around the World: Grades 5-8. Teachers' Guide. Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braxton, Beverly; And Others

This document is a collection of eight games from four continents. Students use mathematics that is directly relevant to them as they take part in the games. The first five games (NIM, Kalah, Tower of Hanoi, Shongo Networks, and Magic Squares) feature presentation instructions that describe multiple-session classroom activities for grades 5-8.…

Crossing the River: A Conceptual Framework for Response to Chaos

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

LAPD Los Angeles Police Department NIMS...February 28, 1997, the Los Angeles Police Department became involved in the largest police gun battle in the United States. In a matter of 44 minutes...of the Raleigh Police Department , as well as the City of Raleigh for supporting me in this journey. Without Chief Dolan’s support, I could not

Target Capabilities List: A Companion to the National Preparedness Guidelines

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

lowest possible geographic, organizational, and jurisdictional level using the principles in the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The...Response Plan. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 2004. 3. Biological Incident Annex. In the National Response Plan. U.S. Department of...elements of the continuum and improve interoperability, public safety and service agency practitioners should observe the following principles : Gain

Observing Arctic Ecology using Networked Infomechanical Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Healey, N. C.; Oberbauer, S. F.; Hollister, R. D.; Tweedie, C. E.; Welker, J. M.; Gould, W. A.

2012-12-01

Understanding ecological dynamics is important for investigation into the potential impacts of climate change in the Arctic. Established in the early 1990's, the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) began observational inquiry of plant phenology, plant growth, community composition, and ecosystem properties as part of a greater effort to study changes across the Arctic. Unfortunately, these observations are labor intensive and time consuming, greatly limiting their frequency and spatial coverage. We have expanded the capability of ITEX to analyze ecological phenomenon with improved spatial and temporal resolution through the use of Networked Infomechanical Systems (NIMS) as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program. The systems exhibit customizable infrastructure that supports a high level of versatility in sensor arrays in combination with information technology that allows for adaptable configurations to numerous environmental observation applications. We observe stereo and static time-lapse photography, air and surface temperature, incoming and outgoing long and short wave radiation, net radiation, and hyperspectral reflectance that provides critical information to understanding how vegetation in the Arctic is responding to ambient climate conditions. These measurements are conducted concurrent with ongoing manual measurements using ITEX protocols. Our NIMS travels at a rate of three centimeters per second while suspended on steel cables that are ~1 m from the surface spanning transects ~50 m in length. The transects are located to span soil moisture gradients across a variety of land cover types including dry heath, moist acidic tussock tundra, shrub tundra, wet meadows, dry meadows, and water tracks. We have deployed NIMS at four locations on the North Slope of Alaska, USA associated with 1 km2 ARCSS vegetation study grids including Barrow, Atqasuk, Toolik Lake, and Imnavait Creek. A fifth system has been deployed in Thule, Greenland beginning in 2012. Once compiled and quality controlled, all of our data are freely available online via the Arctic Observing Network's Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS). Here we present some of our findings to show how our results can be advantageous to various disciplines including plant ecology, hydrology, geology, atmospheric sciences, and remote sensing. For instance, we found that albedo decreases with increasing NDVI after initial green-up and loss of dead standing litter (DOY 174-184), displaying an r2 of 0.90 in 2012 at Toolik Lake. This relationship is vital for determining phonological events via remote sensing and understanding the surface energy balance that impacts atmospheric processes, weather and climate, the hydrologic cycle, and ecophysiological progression throughout the short arctic growing season. Scaling these data to larger scales, which is critical to future monitoring of the potential impacts of climate change on arctic vegetation, is facilitated by linkage of measurements along the NIMS transects and manual vegetation measurements in the 1 km2 sample grids with frequent low-altitude aerial photography.

Lava lakes on Io: Observations of Io's volcanic activity from Galileo NIMS during the 2001 fly-bys

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lopes, R.M.C.; Kamp, L.W.; Smythe, W.D.; Mouginis-Mark, P.; Kargel, J.; Radebaugh, J.; Turtle, E.P.; Perry, J.; Williams, D.A.; Carlson, R.W.; Doute, S.

2004-01-01

Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtained its final observations of Io during the spacecraft's fly-bys in August (I31) and October 2001 (I32). We present a summary of the observations and results from these last two fly-bys, focusing on the distribution of thermal emission from Io's many volcanic regions that give insights into the eruption styles of individual hot spots. We include a compilation of hot spot data obtained from Galileo, Voyager, and ground-based observations. At least 152 active volcanic centers are now known on Io, 104 of which were discovered or confirmed by Galileo observations, including 23 from the I31 and I32 Io fly-by observations presented here. We modify the classification scheme of Keszthelyi et al. (2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (E12) 33 025-33 052) of Io eruption styles to include three primary types: promethean (lava flow fields emplaced as compound pahoehoe flows with small plumes 200 km high plumes and rapidly-emplaced flow fields), and a new style we call "lokian" that includes all eruptions confined within paterae with or without associated plume eruptions). Thermal maps of active paterae from NIMS data reveal hot edges that are characteristic of lava lakes. Comparisons with terrestrial analogs show that Io's lava lakes have thermal properties consistent with relatively inactive lava lakes. The majority of activity on Io, based on locations and longevity of hot spots, appears to be of this third type. This finding has implications for how Io is being resurfaced as our results imply that eruptions of lava are predominantly confined within paterae, thus making it unlikely that resurfacing is done primarily by extensive lava flows. Our conclusion is consistent with the findings of Geissler et al. (2004, Icarus, this issue) that plume eruptions and deposits, rather than the eruption of copious amounts of effusive lavas, are responsible for Io's high resurfacing rates. The origin and longevity of islands within ionian lava lakes remains enigmatic. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of E. histolytica from fecally contaminated food or water initiates infection. Excystation occurs in the lumen of small intestine, where motile and potentially invasive trophozoites germinate from cysts. The ability of trophozoites to interact and digest gut bacteria is apparently important for multiplication of the parasite and its pathogenicity; however the contribution of resident bacterial flora is not well understood. We quantified the population of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides subgroup, Eubacterium, Campylobacter, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Sulphur reducing bacteria using genus specific primers in healthy (N = 22) vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive, N = 17) stool samples by Real-time PCR. Results Absolute quantification of Bacteroides (p = .001), Closrtridium coccoides subgroup (p = 0.002), Clostridium leptum subgroup (p = 0.0001), Lactobacillus (p = 0.037), Campylobacter (p = 0.0014) and Eubacterium (p = 0.038) show significant drop in their population however, significant increase in Bifdobacterium (p = 0.009) was observed where as the population of Ruminococcus (p = 0.33) remained unaltered in healthy vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive). We also report high prevalence of nimE gene in stool samples of both healthy volunteers and amebic patients. No significant decrease in nimE gene copy number was observed before and after the treatment with antiamebic drug. Conclusions Our results show significant alteration in predominant gut bacteria in E. histolytica infected individuals. The frequent episodes of intestinal amoebic dysentery thus result in depletion of few predominant genera in gut that may lead to poor digestion and absorption of food in intestine. It further disturbs the homeostasis between gut epithelium and bacterial flora. The decrease in beneficial bacterial population gives way to dysbiosis of gut bacteria which may contribute to final outcome of the disease. Increase in the copy number of nimE gene harboring bacteria in our population reflects possible decrease in the availability of metronidazole drug during treatment of amoebiasis. PMID:22913622

Recent progress of the research work on frequency and time at the NIM. [China

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bingying, H.

1979-01-01

Chinese activities reported include (1) research and development on the primary cesium beam standard and the high precision crystal oscillator; (2) keeping the atomic time and calibrating frequency standards; (3) determining methods for transferring the standard frequency at the highest precision. The primary beam installation gives an accuracy of 1.2 x 10 to the minus 12 power (1 sigma). Improvements are being made to attain an uncertainity goal of the order of 10 to the minus 13 power. Two experiments conducted are described. One involved standard frequency transfer via TV color subcarrier; the other involved time synchronization via Symphonie satellite. The best results are the random fluctuation of direct measurement data is 1 sigma sub r (RMS) 10 ns, and the absolute error of clock synchronization is 1 sigma sub A (RMS) 30 ns.

A constructive nonlinear array (CNA) method for barely visible impact detection in composite materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malfense Fierro, Gian Piero; Meo, Michele

2017-04-01

Currently there are numerous phased array techniques such as Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and Total Focusing Method (TFM) that provide good damage assessment for composite materials. Although, linear methods struggle to evaluate and assess low levels of damage, while nonlinear methods have shown great promise in early damage detection. A sweep and subtraction evaluation method coupled with a constructive nonlinear array method (CNA) is proposed in order to assess damage specific nonlinearities, address issues with frequency selection when using nonlinear ultrasound imaging techniques and reduce equipment generated nonlinearities. These methods were evaluated using multiple excitation locations on an impacted composite panel with a complex damage (barely visible impact damage). According to various recent works, damage excitation can be accentuated by exciting at local defect resonance (LDR) frequencies; although these frequencies are not always easily determinable. The sweep methodology uses broadband excitation to determine both local defect and material resonances, by assessing local defect generated nonlinearities using a laser vibrometer it is possible to assess which frequencies excite the complex geometry of the crack. The dual effect of accurately determining local defect resonances, the use of an image subtraction method and the reduction of equipment based nonlinearities using CNA result in greater repeatability and clearer nonlinear imaging (NIM).

[Protective effects of Fufangdengzhanhua dripping pill on apoptosis induced by glutamate in cultured primary hippocampal neurons of rats].

PubMed

Wang, Lijun; Wan, Lei

2010-03-01

To explore the protective effects and the inhibited mechanism of Fufangdengzhanhua dripping pill (FDD) on the apoptosis induced by glutamate (Glu) of cultured primary hippocampal neurons of rats. By the seropharmacological method, we obtained the drug-contained serum. The primary hippocampal neurons of rat cerebrum were cultured for 10 days, then exposed to 500 micromol x L(-1) glutamate acid (Glu) for 20 minutes to build the model. The 5% drug-contained sera which included normal, model, 0.05 g x kg(-1) nimodipine (Nim), 5.00 g x kg(-1) FDD and 1.25 g x kg(-1) FDD were added to the nutrient solution of cultured neurons. In this study, we observed the following indexes: the viability of cultured primary hippocampal neurons by MTT assay, the injured cell morphological changes with fluorescence microscope by using Hoechst 33342 & Propicium Iodide (PI) staining, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the percentage of apoptosis by flow cytometry. When the hippocampal neurons were exposed to Glu, the cells were seriously damaged: nuclei were shrunken and cloven and the apoptosis body and the viability of cultured primary hippocampal neurons were decreased dramatically compared with the control. The FDD (5.00, 1.25 g x kg(-1)) and Nim could prevent the above changes Glu-induced. The necrosis rates and the percentage of cellular apoptosis of cultured hippocampal neurons pretreated with the serum of containing FDD decreased significantly and the number of surviving cells was increased significantly compared with model. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration Glu-induced were increased markedly compared with the control and the FDD (5.00, 1.25 g x kg(-1)) could prevent the above changes . FDD has protective effects on the apoptosis induced by glutamate (Glu) of cultured primary hippocampal neurons of rats, which possibly is related to reducing the intracellular Ca2+.

The Etiology and Pathogenesis of Viral Gastroenteritis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

infectious stool filtrates and partially characterized by Immune electron microscopy (IEM) and ultraceritrlfmigation (5). other 27 nim sized Norwalk-like...to wild rotavirus. Rhesus rotavirus vaccine has been shown more recently to be more immunogenic than the bovine strain, and a suitable dose is being...Assays We have applied our monoclonal antibody EIA for rotavirus to the study of 176 human fecal specimens which were also evaluated by available

Reflections of a TMS International Scholar: Sharing Research across Cultures and Continents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Unocic, Kinga A.

Here, I was honored to be selected as the 2017 Japan Institute of Metals (JIM)/TMS Young Leaders International Scholar, an opportunity made possible by the TMS Foundation. One of the benefits of receiving this award for me was traveling to Japan to visit the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and attending the 2017 JIM Annual Spring Meeting, held at the Tokyo Metropolitan University.

Policy Options to Address Crucial Communication Gaps in the Incident Command System

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection COML Communications Unit Leader COMT Communication Technician EBRPD East Bay Regional Parks...Laguna Fire 1970 - One of California’s Worst Wildfires.” Available at http://www.cccarto.com/cal_wildfire/laguna/fire.html, Accessed August 10, 2012...NIMS - The Evolution of the National Incident Management System.” Fire Rescue Magazine, August 2011. 15 compatibility, and department emergency

Enhancing Preparedness Adoption and Compliance in the Federal Law Enforcement Community Through Financial Incentives

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Compliance Assistance Support Tool NRP National Response Plan NRF National Response Framework OHS Office of Homeland Security SAA State...documents begin the process of addressing state, territorial, tribal, and local NIMS implementation. All HSGP award recipients and their SAAs (State...preparedness requirements and recommendations. According to David L. Weimer and Adian R. Vining (1999, p. 341), the valuation of policy outcomes is

OD (Organization Development) Interventions that Enhance Equal Opportunity.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

aide to aaesam mod Identify by week nim obe) Socialization process Socialization model Self-esteem Organization form and structure Equal Opportunity...itself speaks to the way individuals are socialized into the Navy or a perceived lack of socialization . 7 pi ’..7 ’ .. . . 7 Today the Equal ... equal opportunity. Analysis of five different dimensions of the socialization process can be thought of as distinct "tactics" which managers (agents

Distinct modes of recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex by Drosophila and vertebrate Nanos.

PubMed

Raisch, Tobias; Bhandari, Dipankar; Sabath, Kevin; Helms, Sigrun; Valkov, Eugene; Weichenrieder, Oliver; Izaurralde, Elisa

2016-05-02

Nanos proteins repress the expression of target mRNAs by recruiting effector complexes through non-conserved N-terminal regions. In vertebrates, Nanos proteins interact with the NOT1 subunit of the CCR4-NOT effector complex through a NOT1 interacting motif (NIM), which is absent in Nanos orthologs from several invertebrate species. Therefore, it has remained unclear whether the Nanos repressive mechanism is conserved and whether it also involves direct interactions with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex in invertebrates. Here, we identify an effector domain (NED) that is necessary for the Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) Nanos to repress mRNA targets. The NED recruits the CCR4-NOT complex through multiple and redundant binding sites, including a central region that interacts with the NOT module, which comprises the C-terminal domains of NOT1-3. The crystal structure of the NED central region bound to the NOT module reveals an unanticipated bipartite binding interface that contacts NOT1 and NOT3 and is distinct from the NIM of vertebrate Nanos. Thus, despite the absence of sequence conservation, the N-terminal regions of Nanos proteins recruit CCR4-NOT to assemble analogous repressive complexes. © 2016 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license.

Major Thought Restructuring: The Roles of Different Prefrontal Cortical Regions.

PubMed

Seyed-Allaei, Shima; Avanaki, Zahra Nasiri; Bahrami, Bahador; Shallice, Tim

2017-07-01

An important question for understanding the neural basis of problem solving is whether the regions of human prefrontal cortices play qualitatively different roles in the major cognitive restructuring required to solve difficult problems. However, investigating this question using neuroimaging faces a major dilemma: either the problems do not require major cognitive restructuring, or if they do, the restructuring typically happens once, rendering repeated measurements of the critical mental process impossible. To circumvent these problems, young adult participants were challenged with a one-dimensional Subtraction (or Nim) problem [Bouton, C. L. Nim, a game with a complete mathematical theory. The Annals of Mathematics, 3, 35-39, 1901] that can be tackled using two possible strategies. One, often used initially, is effortful, slow, and error-prone, whereas the abstract solution, once achieved, is easier, quicker, and more accurate. Behaviorally, success was strongly correlated with sex. Using voxel-based morphometry analysis controlling for sex, we found that participants who found the more abstract strategy (i.e., Solvers) had more gray matter volume in the anterior medial, ventrolateral prefrontal, and parietal cortices compared with those who never switched from the initial effortful strategy (i.e., Explorers). Removing the sex covariate showed higher gray matter volume in Solvers (vs. Explorers) in the right ventrolateral prefrontal and left parietal cortex.

The National Response Plan and the Problems in the Evaluation and Assessment of the Unconventional Modes of Terrorism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LeMone, David V.; Gibbs, Shawn G.; Winston, John W. Jr.

In the wake of the events of 9/11, a presidential mandate ordered the development of a master plan to enable governmental agencies to not only seamlessly cooperate but also rapidly react to disasters. The National Response Plan (NRP) is the document in force (December 2004). It was developed to provide a framework for response to catastrophic events whether those events are natural or man-made. Homeland Security, the coordinating entity, is an integral and critical part of that plan. The NRP is a direct outgrowth of the Initial National Response Plan and operates in tandem with the National Incident Management Systemmore » (NIMS). NIMS was the first real attempt to amalgamate the capabilities and resources of some 22 governmental entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector. The effectiveness of this system's response to natural disasters has been tested with reference to its performance during the 2005 late summer-early fall series of catastrophic hurricanes (Katrina, Rita, and Wilma). Ongoing evaluation of the response by the system indicates that there are significant lessons to be learned from system errors that occurred from the federal to local levels of government. Nevertheless, the conclusion would seem to be that Homeland Security's organizational structure of NIMS combined with protocols developed in the NRP represents an excellent response to both natural and man-made catastrophes. The lessons learned in these natural occurrences (chain of command failures and missteps from first responders to national level, periodic inaccurate and irresponsible news reporting, evacuation capabilities, quarantine problems, etc.) are directly applicable to potential man-made disaster events. In the yet largely untested areas of man-made disasters, the NRP document forms the basis for responding to terrorism as well as accidental man-made related incidents. There are two major categories of terrorism: conventional and unconventional. Conventional terrorism would include such acts as: assassination, kidnapping, hostage taking, non-nuclear explosive devices, etc. The two NRP categories of catastrophic events and oil and hazardous materials contain sections considered to be in the area of conventional terrorism. Of potentially greater immediate concern are the four major modes of unconventional terrorism that are recognized: cyber-, biological (including agro-), chemical, and nuclear. The problem is to arrive at a mutually agreed upon order of importance of both conventional and unconventional terrorism categories. Consequent ranking of these modes enables the prioritization of those areas in which our limited national human and financial resources are to be expended and allocated (funding of research and development, commitment and selection of personnel, costs distribution, operational time-frame, information distribution level, etc.). Ranking of the terror modes will at best be difficult because of a lack of understanding of the potential impacts of each mode as well as the inherent vested bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic interests and biases. All cases of radiation-related incidents may be considered to be manmade with a potentially significant majority of those incidents assigned to a terrorism origin. Man-made accidental occurrences would be handled with a similar NRP response as would be expected in the case of a terrorist event. Radiation-related devices include the RDDs (Radioactive Dispersal Devices) and nuclear fission and fusion weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Pragmatically, the most likely scenario to develop would involve RDD utilization. This conclusion would seem to be reasonable in view of the current apparent capabilities and sophistication required to construct, transport, and deliver a nuclear WMD. (authors)« less

Quantum states of neutrons in the gravitational and centrifugal potentials in a new GRANIT spectrometer

ScienceCinema

Nesvizhevsky, Valery

2018-05-14

We will discuss the scientific program to be studied in a new gravitational spectrometer GRANIT in a broad context of quantum states (quantum behaviour) of ultracold neutrons (UCN) in gravitational [1] and centrifugal [2] potentials, as well as applications of these phenomena/spectrometer to various domains of physics, ranging from studies of fundamental short-range interactions and symmetries to neutron quantum optics and reflectometry using UCN. All these topics, as well as related instrumental and methodical developments have been discussed during dedicated GRANIT-2010 Workshop [3]. The GRANIT spectrometer has been recently installed at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France [4] and could become operational in near future. 1. V.V. Nesvizhevsky et al (2002), Nature 415, 297. 2. V.V. Nesvizhevsky et al (2010), Nature Physics 6, 114. 3. GRANIT-2010, Les Houches, 14-19 february 2010. 4. M. Kreuz et al (2009), NIM 611, 326.

Venus - Lower-level Nightside Clouds As Seen By NIMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

These images are two versions of a near-infrared map of lower-level clouds on the night side of Venus, obtained by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer aboard the Galileo spacecraft as it approached the planet February 10, 1990. Taken from an altitude of about 22,000 miles above the planet, at an infrared wavelength of 2.3 microns (about three times the longest wavelength visible to the human eye) the map shows an area of the turbulent, cloudy middle atmosphere some 30-33 miles above the surface, 6-10 miles below the visible cloudtops. With a spatial resolution of about 13 miles, this is the sharpest image ever obtained of the mid-level clouds of Venus. The image to the left shows the radiant heat from the lower atmosphere (about 400 degrees Fahrenheit) shining through the sulfuric acid clouds, which appear as much as 10 times darker than the bright gaps between clouds. This cloud layer is at about - 30 degrees Fahrenheit, at a pressure about 1/2 Earth's atmospheric pressure. This high-resolution map covers a 40- degree-wide sector of the Northern Hemisphere. The several irregular vertical stripes are data dropouts. The right image, a modified negative, represents what scientists believe would be the visual appearance of this mid-level cloud deck in daylight, with the clouds reflecting sunlight instead of blocking out infrared from the hot planet and lower atmosphere. Near the equator, the clouds appear fluffy and blocky; farther north, they are stretched out into East-West filaments by winds estimated at more than 150 mph, while the poles are capped by thick clouds at this altitude. The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft is a combined mapping (imaging) and spectral instrument. It can sense 408 contiguous wavelengths from 0.7 microns (deep red) to 5.2 microns, and can construct a map or image by mechanical scanning. It can spectroscopically analyze atmospheres and surfaces and construct thermal and chemical maps. Designed and operated by scientists and engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NIMS involves 15 scientists in the U.S., England, and France. The Galileo Project is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications by JPL; its mission is to study the planet Jupiter and its satellites and magnetosphere after multiple gravity-assist flybys at Venus and the Earth.

Venus - Lower-level Clouds As Seen By NIMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

These images are two versions of a near-infrared map of lower-level clouds on the night side of Venus, obtained by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer aboard the Galileo spacecraft as it approached the planet February 10, 1990. Taken from an altitude of about 60,000 miles above the planet, at an infrared wavelength of 2.3 microns (about three times the longest wavelength visible to the human eye) the map shows the turbulent, cloudy middle atmosphere some 30-33 miles above the surface, 6-10 miles below the visible cloudtops. The image to the left shows the radiant heat from the lower atmosphere (about 400 degrees Fahrenheit) shining through the sulfuric acid clouds, which appear as much as 10 times darker than the bright gaps between clouds. This cloud layer is at about -30 degrees Fahrenheit, at a pressure about 1/2 Earth's atmospheric pressure. About 2/3 of the dark hemisphere is visible, centered on longitude 350 West, with bright slivers of daylit high clouds visible at top and bottom left. The right image, a modified negative, represents what scientists believe would be the visual appearance of this mid-level cloud deck in daylight, with the clouds reflecting sunlight instead of blocking out infrared from the hot planet and lower atmosphere. Near the equator, the clouds appear fluffy and blocky; farther north, they are stretched out into East-West filaments by winds estimated at more than 150 mph, while the poles are capped by thick clouds at this altitude. The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft is a combined mapping (imaging) and spectral instrument. It can sense 408 contiguous wavelengths from 0.7 microns (deep red) to 5.2 microns, and can construct a map or image by mechanical scanning. It can spectroscopically analyze atmospheres and surfaces and construct thermal and chemical maps. Designed and operated by scientists and engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NIMS involves 15 scientists in the U.S., England, and France. The Galileo Project is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications by JPL; its mission is to study the planet Jupiter and its satellites and magnetosphere after multiple gravity-assist flybys at Venus and the Earth.

Managing multiple-casualty incidents: a rural medical preparedness training assessment.

PubMed

Glow, Steven D; Colucci, Vincent J; Allington, Douglas R; Noonan, Curtis W; Hall, Earl C

2013-08-01

The objectives of this study were to develop a novel training model for using mass-casualty incident (MCI) scenarios that trained hospital and prehospital staff together using Microsoft Visio, images from Google Earth and icons representing first responders, equipment resources, local hospital emergency department bed capacity, and trauma victims. The authors also tested participants' knowledge in the areas of communications, incident command systems (ICS), and triage. Participants attended Managing Multiple-Casualty Incidents (MCIs), a one-day training which offered pre- and post-tests, two one-hour functional exercises, and four distinct, one-hour didactic instructional periods. Two MCI functional exercises were conducted. The one-hour trainings focused on communications, National Incident Management Systems/Incident Command Systems (NIMS/ICS) and professional roles and responsibilities in NIMS and triage. The trainings were offered throughout communities in western Montana. First response resource inventories and general manpower statistics for fire, police, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and emergency department hospital bed capacity were determined prior to MCI scenario construction. A test was given prior to and after the training activities. A total of 175 firefighters, EMS, law enforcement, hospital personnel or other first-responders completed the pre- and post-test. Firefighters produced higher baseline scores than all other disciplines during pre-test analysis. At the end of the training all disciplines demonstrated significantly higher scores on the post-test when compared with their respective baseline averages. Improvements in post-test scores were noted for participants from all disciplines and in all didactic areas: communications, NIMS/ICS, and triage. Mass-casualty incidents offer significant challenges for prehospital and emergency room workers. Fire, Police and EMS personnel must secure the scene, establish communications, define individuals' roles and responsibilities, allocate resources, triage patients, and assign transport priorities. After emergency department notification and in advance of arrival, emergency department personnel must assess available physical resources and availability and type of manpower, all while managing patients already under their care. Mass-casualty incident trainings should strengthen the key, individual elements essential to well-coordinated response such as communications, incident management system and triage. The practice scenarios should be matched to the specific resources of the community. The authors also believe that these trainings should be provided with all disciplines represented to eliminate training "silos," to allow for discussion of overlapping jurisdictional or organizational responsibilities, and to facilitate team building.

Distribution of Sulfur Dioxide Frost on Io

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Sulfur dioxide, normally a gas at room temperatures, is known to exist on Io's surface as a frost, condensing there from the hot gases emanating from the Io volcanoes. However, the deposition patterns and relation of the frost distribution to the volcanic activity is unknown, since prior measurements lacked the spatial resolution to accurately map the surface frost.

The Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtained relatively high spatial and spectral resolution images during the C3 orbit, and the characteristic infrared absorptions of sulfur dioxide frost appearing in the spectra were used to produce the SO2 frost map shown on the right. The comparison image on the left (from 1979 Voyager measurements) shows the same view and indicates the surface brightness as seen in visible light.

The frost map shows maximum SO2 concentration as white, lesser amounts as blue coloration, and areas with little or no SO2 as black. The resolution of this map is about 120 km (75 miles), which spans the latitude range 120 W to 270 W.

It is interesting to compare this frost distribution with regions of volcanic activity. Volcanic hotspots identified from NIMS and SSI images occur in many of the dark - low SO2 - areas, a reasonable finding since sulfur dioxide would not condense on such hot regions. The Pele region (to the lower left), N. Colchis hot spots (upper center) and S. Volund (upper right) are good examples of hot spot areas depleted in sulfur dioxide. Much of the rest of this hemisphere of Io has varying amounts of sulfur dioxide present. The most sulfur dioxide-rich area is Colchis Regio, the white area to the right of center.

Of particular interest is the dark area to the south of Colchis Regio. From the study of other NIMS images, it is seen that this region does not have any large, obvious hotspots. However, it is depleted in sulfur dioxide.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Titanium microgram weight low to 50 mg and measurement based on exchange weighing method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Xiaoping; Dong, Lei; Wang, Jian; Wang, Xiaolei

2017-03-01

The microgram weights have wide applications in the mechanical testing of nano- and bio-material sensors. They are increasing the requirement of small force and mass below 1 mg among the researchers, industry and bio-pharmaceutical manufacturing. In this paper, the current research status is presented, both from the measurement method and manufacture of microgram weights. The commonly used material for micro-weights is stainless steel and aluminum. Now NIM has developed another kind of microgram weights with titanium alloy. For the reason that it has smaller size than normal material like aluminum, special designed exchange weighing pan was used in measurement, which solved the problems that the weighing hooks cannot carry up and down the wire shape microgram weight. Then this kind of microgram weights was tested in subdivision measurement on an automatic mass comparator. It showed good performance in the experiment, which extends the choice for the industrial and metrological user. The uncertainty evaluation of micro-weight values range from 0.05 mg to 0.5 mg with standard uncertainty between 0.2 g and 0.1 μg.

A Case Study in the Identification of Critical Factors Leading to Successful Implementation of the Hospital Incident Command System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

California EMSA, National Incident Management System, NIMS, hospital preparedness program, Nursing Home Incident Command System, NHICS, Hospital...The International Journal of Trauma Nursing published an article in 2007 entitled “Organization of a Hospital-based Victim Decontamination Plan...Journal of Trauma Nursing 5, no. 4 (October– November 2007): 119–123. 32 Ellen Lanser May, “Scarred but Smarter: Lessons Learned from Florida’s 2004

Design and prototype results of the FAST detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mozzanica, A.; Basset, M.; Caccia, M.; Corradini, M.; Leali, M.; Lodi Rizzini, E.; Prest, M.; Venturelli, L.; Vallazza, E.; Zurlo, N.

2006-11-01

A new fiber tracker is being developed for the ASACUSA experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN. The detector is based on 1 mm diameter scintillating fibers readout by HAMAMATSU 64 channel multianode photomultipliers (MA-PMTs) connected to a dedicated electronic chain. The paper gives a description of the testing procedures for time resolution, spatial resolution and efficiency measurements performed with standard NIM electronics and a commercial TDC and reports the results for different prototype detectors.

An Investigation of the Dynamic Response of a Seismically Stable Platform

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

PAD. The controls on the -9system are of two types. A low frequency tilt control, with a 10 arc second sensitivity, 2-axis tiltmeter as sensor ...Inertial Sensors Structural Analysis Holloman AFB, NiM. Support to this effort includes structural analyses toward active servo frequency band. This report...controlled to maintain a null position of a sensitive height sensor . The 6-degree-of- freedom high frequency controls are based on seismometers as sensors

New York City Fire Department Chief Officer’s Evaluation of the Citywide Incident Management System as It Pertains to Interagency Emergency Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited NEW YORK CITY FIRE ...ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE September 2011 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE New York City Fire ...Manhattan. The 9/11 Commission recommended and NIMS mandated better coordination between the several agencies, specifically the fire and police

Non-Indigenous Marine Species (NIMS) in Biofouling on RAN Vessels: Threat Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

zebra Dechaineux (Nov 2001) & (Aug 2003) First recorded at Botany Bay in 1998 Metopograpsus messor Sydney (Aug 2003) Not recorded Pachygrapsus...Wollongong, Port Botany and Port Kembla) (Pollard and Pethebridge, 2002b). M. rosa has been designated as an Introduced Marine Pest (IMP) by the National... Botany Bay, NSW in 1990 (Lewis et al., 2006), and is known to co- occur with S. taeniatus, a species common along the eastern Australian coastline

The Aviation System Analysis Capability Noise Impact Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wingrove, Earl R., III; Ege, Russell; Burn, Melissa; Carey, Jeffrey; Bradley, Kevin

1998-01-01

To meet its objective of assisting the U.S. aviation industry with the technological challenges of the future, NASA must identify research areas that have the greatest potential for improving the operation of the air transportation system. To accomplish this, NASA is building an Aviation System Analysis Capability (ASAC). The Noise Impact Model (NIM) has been developed as part of the ASAC. Its primary purpose is to enable users to examine the impact that quieter aircraft technologies and/or operations might have on community noise impact and air carrier operating efficiency at any of 16 large- and medium-sized U.S. airports. The analyst chooses an airport and case year for study, selects a runway use configuration and set of flight tracks for the scenario, and has the option of reducing the noise of the aircraft that operate at the airport by 3, 6, or 10 decibels. NIM computes the resultant noise impact and estimates any airline operations improvements. Community noise impact is characterized in three ways: the size of the noise contour footprint, the number of people living within the.contours, and the number of homes located in the same contours. Distance and time savings are calculated by comparing the noise abatement flight path length to a less circuitous alternate routing. For a more efficient runway use configuration, the increase in capacity and reduction in delay are shown.

The Aviation System Analysis Capability Noise Impact Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ege, Russell A.; Brown, Jerome; Bradley, Kevin; Grandi, Fabio

1999-01-01

To meet its objective of assisting the US aviation industry with the technological challenges of the future, NASA must identify research areas that have the greatest potential for improving the operation of the air transportation system. To accomplish this, NASA is building an Aviation System Analysis Capability (ASAC). The Noise Impact Model (NIM) has been developed as part of the ASAC. Its primary purpose is to enable users to examine the impact that quieter aircraft technologies and/or operation might have on community noise impact and air carrier operating efficiency at any of 16 large and medium size US airports. The analyst chooses an airport and case year for study, selects a runway use configuration and set of flight tracks for the scenario, and has the option of reducing the noise of the aircraft that operate at the airport by 3, 6, and 10 decibels, NIM computes the resultant noise impact and estimates any airline operational improvements. Community noise impact is characterized in three ways: the size of the noise contour footprint, the number of people living within the contours, and the number of homes located in the same contours. Distance and time savings are calculated by comparing the noise abatement flight path length to a less circuitous alternated routing. For a more efficient runway use configuration, the increase in capacity and reduction in delay are shown.

Using Horizontal Cosmic Muons to Investigate the Density Distribution of the Popocatepetl Volcano Lava Dome

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grabski, V.; Lemus, V.; Nuñez-Cadena, R.; Aguilar, S.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Fucugauchi, J. U.

2013-05-01

Study of volcanic inner density distributions using cosmic muons is an innovative method, which is still in stage of development[1]. The method can be used to determine the average density along the muon track, as well as the density distribution of any volume by measuring the attenuation of cosmic muon flux in it[2]. In this study we present an analysis of using the muon radiography, integrating geophysical data to determine the density distribution of the Popocatepetl volcano. Popocatepelt is a large andesitic stratovolcano built in the Trans-Mexican volcanic arc, which has been active over the past years. The recent activity includes emplacement of a lava dome, with vulcanian explosions and frequent scoria and ash emissions. The study is directed to detect any variations in the dome and magmatic conduit system in some interval of time in the volume of Popocatepetl volcano lava dome. The study forms part of a long-term project of volcanic hazard monitoring that includes the Popocatepetl and Colima volcanoes[3]. The volcanoes are being studied by conventional geophysical techniques, including aerogeophysical surveys directed to determine the internal structure and characterize source characteristics and mechanism. The detector design mostly depends on the volume size to be investigated as well as the image-taking frequency to detect dynamic density variations. In this study we present a detector prototype design and suggestions on data taking, transferring and analyzing systems. We also present the approximate cost estimation of the suggested detector and discussion on a proposal about the creation of a national network for a volcanic alarm system. References [1] eg.H. Tanaka, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 507 (2003) 657. [2] V. Grabski et al, NIM A 585 (2008) 128-135. [3] G. Conte, J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, et al., International Geology Review, Vol. 46, 2004, p. 210-225.

A Review of Models of the Fluidic Generator.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

ATTN l)ELA SAS-T INI. R ’ C’S N VANRIF ’ PORN )LC.iS C ENTER W HITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE, NIM HOS02 mMANDICE 1.PA IFD)LOS’ 1CS ARPMY "SH " STO G CPOR...ENiINEERIN’, TECHNICAL REP RTS, ATT’I F. HOWARD F. ’-. BOY I CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY R’ 10-408 ’AE RIDGE, TN 37H3D SCRENIEY PARK ATTN DAVID WORMLEY, MECH

A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as Outlined in the American NIMS Document and the Levels of Service Required of the Police Forces of Quebec

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

characterize specific components and device type by function (ex : fiber optics camera) General Disruption Tools Explosive tools such as mineral ... flotation device 2 helicopters, 3 passengers. 1 helicopter, 6 passengers. Altitude : between 10km and 17km. Turbine-Jet : for the 3 helicopters...No fixed or inflatable flotation device. Aircraft Capabilities VFR SQ Same as type I Same as Type I Same as Type I Equipment Radios

Formal Verification of Mathematical Software. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

nplus i 1) (nplus ,j k) iter ZERO f s =s iter (SUCC n) f s = iter n f (f s) PROVE x=(SUCC x)’=’(!x)’ PROVE ’ nplus ZERO n’ = ent PROVE ’ nplus ( SUCO n...PROVE ’niess (SUCC n) (SUCC mn)’ = ’niess n mn’ PROVE ’niess n ( SUCO mn)’ = ’true’, (’nim’=’true’ V/ ’niess n in’=’true’) PROVE ’niess (SUCC n) mn

Filling the Gap Between NIMS/ICS and the Law Enforcement Initial Response in the Age of the Urban Jihad

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

Borelli (2005) noted, “‘Surround and contain’ became the patrol doctrine norm” in American policing, observing that for Columbine style active...such as Frank Borelli (2005), noted that “‘Surround and contain’ became the patrol doctrine norm” in American policing, observing that for Columbine...discussion of this critical issue; see also Borelli , 2005, for background discussion of the evolution of “active-shooter” training in the U.S. 25

Hunting a Black Swan: Policy Options for America’s Police in Preventing Radiological/Nuclear Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

patrol vehicles. The Department’s Counter-Terror Operations Unit serves as the program coordinator and as the archetypical NIMS Type I Team. The...is defined by Title I of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as plutonium, uranium-233, or uranium enriched in the isotopes uranium-233 or uranium...end of World War II. Radioactive Materials—materials that contain radioactive atoms . Radioactive atoms are unstable; that is, they have too much

Feasibility study of common electronic equipment for shuttle sortie experiment payloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using standardized electronic equipment on the space shuttle vehicle in an effort to reduce the cost estimates. The standards for Nuclear Instrument Modules (NIM) and CAMAC electronic equipment are presented and described. It was determined that the CAMAC electronic equipment was more suitable for use with the space shuttle systems. Specific applications of the CAMAC equipment are analyzed. Illustrations of the equipment and circuit diagrams of the subsystems are provided.

Combined theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hapke, Bruce

1995-01-01

The theory in which either or both reflected sunlight and thermally emitted radiation contribute to the power received by a detector viewing a particulate medium, such as a powder in the laboratory or a planetary regolith, is considered theoretically. This theory is of considerable interest for the interpretation of data from field or spacecraft instruments that are sensitive to the near-infrared region of the spectrum, such as NIMS (near-infrared mapping spectrometer) and VIMS (visual and infrared mapping spectrometer), as well as thermal infrared detectors.

Nerve sparing sutureless total thyroidectomy. Preliminary study.

PubMed

Parmeggiani, Domenico; De Falco, Massimo; Avenia, Nicola; Sanguinetti, Alessandro; Fiore, Andrea; Docimo, Giovanni; Ambrosino, Pasquale; Madonna, Imma; Peltrini, Roberto; Parmeggiani, Umberto

2012-01-01

In the present study the authors assess the advantages of new technologies in thyroid surgery: to prevent nerve injury by using an intra-operative continuous nerve-monitoring techniques and to compare the real advantages of advanced coagulation devices. Among a series of 440 thyroidectomies (jan 2004-feb 2006) the Authors reviewed charts from two groups: (1) 240 total thyroidectomies performed using the traditional monopolar electrocautery, non-absorbable stitches for the principal vascular pedicles. (2) 140 total thyroidectomies performed using dedicated small bipolar electro thermal coagulator (ligasure-precise). (3) Since 2006 in a double blind group selection of 70, we've performed sutureless thyroidectomy with continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring using dedicated endotracheal tube. Mean operative time, post-operative bleeding, post-operative stay, incidence of transient or definitive laryngeal nerve lesions, incidence of permanent or transient hypocalcaemia, costs of the procedures were analyzed. Major complications in the first two groups compared with the data of the literature are absolutely over-imposable, except a reduction of incidence of transient hypocalcaemia in the Precise group, but if we compare data of the 3rd group (NIM), we find a significative reduction of transient and permanent laryngeal nerve palsy incidence. This new technology offers several advantages: (1) atraumatic; (2) easy to use; (3) continuous monitoring and audio feedback to the surgeon (4) works outside the operation field (5) high sensitiveness. Cost-analysis confirm that NIM + ligasure have same or less cost and time and probably less complications than traditional Total Thyroidectomy.

Vacuum Radiance-Temperature Standard Facility for Infrared Remote Sensing at NIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, X. P.; Song, J.; Xu, M.; Sun, J. P.; Gong, L. Y.; Yuan, Z. D.; Lu, X. F.

2018-06-01

As infrared remote sensors are very important parts of Earth observation satellites, they must be calibrated based on the radiance temperature of a blackbody in a vacuum chamber prior to launch. The uncertainty of such temperature is thus an essential component of the sensors' uncertainty. This paper describes the vacuum radiance-temperature standard facility (VRTSF) at the National Institute of Metrology of China, which will serve to calibrate infrared remote sensors on Chinese meteorological satellites. The VRTSF can be used to calibrate vacuum blackbody radiance temperature, including those used to calibrate infrared remote sensors. The components of the VRTSF are described in this paper, including the VMTBB, the LNBB, the FTIR spectrometer, the reduced-background optical system, the vacuum chamber used to calibrate customers' blackbody, the vacuum-pumping system and the liquid-nitrogen-support system. The experimental methods and results are expounded. The uncertainty of the radiance temperature of VMTBB is 0.026 °C at 30 °C over 10 μm.

Squeezing with a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menzel, E. P.; Zhong, L.; Eder, P.; Baust, A.; Haeberlein, M.; Hoffmann, E.; Deppe, F.; Marx, A.; Gross, R.; di Candia, R.; Solano, E.; Ihmig, M.; Inomata, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Nakamura, Y.

2014-03-01

Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA) are promising devices for the implementation of continuous-variable quantum communication protocols. Operated in the phase-sensitive mode, they allow for amplifying a single quadrature of the electromagnetic field without adding any noise. While in practice internal losses introduce a finite amount of noise, our device still adds less noise than an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier. This property is a prerequisite for the generation of squeezed states. In this work, we reconstruct the Wigner function of squeezed vacuum, squeezed thermal and squeezed coherent states with our dual-path method [L. Zhong et al. arXiv:1307.7285 (2013); E. P. Menzel et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 100401 (2010)]. In addition, we illuminate the physics of squeezed coherent microwave fields. This work is supported by SFB 631, German Excellence Initiative via NIM, EU projects SOLID, CCQED, PROMISCE and SCALEQIT, MEXT Kakenhi ``Quantum Cybernetics,'' JSPS FIRST Program, the NICT Commissioned Research, Basque Government IT472-10, Spanish MINECO FIS2012-36673-C03-02, and UPV/EHU UFI 11/55.

Establishment of Class e1 Mass Standard of 50 kg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Hong; Wang, Jian; Ding, Jingan; Zhong, Ruilin; Ren, Xiaoping

Because of the equipment limit, the dissemination of large mass has been realized by a large amount of higher class of 20 kg weights since 1950s in China. But with improvement of the technique and customer's requirements, it is necessary to establish the mass standard of 50 kg weight. In 1990s, mass standard laboratory has set up Class E1 weight sets from 20 kg to 1 mg. To extend the mass capacity up to 50 kg of Class E1, it is not only to produce Class E1 50 kg weight and import a mass comparator, but also need to lift the heavy weight from weight box to balance receptor safely. Up to now, the mass comparator has been installed in Hepingli campus of NIM. Two pieces of Class E1 50 kg weights are determined by combination weighing method. A lifting device has been mounted close to the mass comparator in order to move the 50 kg easily.

Surface Composition Near the Trailing Hemisphere Apex on Europa: The Manannán Impact Crater and Neighboring Terrain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dalton, J. B.; Prockter, L. M.; Shirley, J. H.; Kamp, L.; Phillips, C. B.; Valenti, M.

2012-12-01

The Manannán impact crater and surrounding areas were imaged by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) during the C3 orbital encounter. We have applied a linear mixture model based on cryogenic infrared reflectance spectroscopy to a "despiked" version of this NIMS observation (C3ENLINEA01A) to estimate abundances of sulfuric acid hydrate, hydrated sulfate salts, water ice and brines in surface exposures. Here we supplement our previously reported abundance estimates (Dalton et al., 2011) with additional results from our ongoing investigation. New geologic mapping precisely registered to the NIMS observation allows the extraction of high-quality near-infrared spectra specific to individual geologic units and morphological features. Detailed high resolution geologic mapping indicates the likely presence of extensive deposits of impact melt materials largely filling the crater floor (Moore et al. 2001), together with surrounding continuous ejecta deposits that may have been excavated from Europa's interior. We find that the crater floor and nearby ejecta exhibit low sulfuric acid abundance relative to the surroundings, with the abundance increasing with radial distance. Where the ejecta begins to thin and break up, the spectral mixture resembles a combination of pre-existing, high-acid-content materials and cleaner, excavated water ice. Several geologic units exhibit significantly lower sulfuric acid hydrate than expected for this region near the trailing hemisphere apex, varying from 53-64 wt% over the observation. This suggests that these surface units have received a reduced cumulative radiation dose (electrons and ions) compared to nearby terrain; this in turn implies geologic youth. We will present model compositions for several of Manannán's key stratigraphic units, including the crater floor deposits and the adjacent chaos and linea. We will interpret these results in the context of ongoing investigations of the interplay of exogenic and endogenic influences on the surface composition of Europa. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University-Applied Physics Laboratory, and the SETI Institute under a contract with NASA. Support by NASA's Outer Planets Research program is gratefully acknowledged. Dalton, III, J.B., Prockter, L.M., Shirley, J.H., Kamp, L.W., Phillips, C., and Valenti, M., The Manannán Impact Crater on Europa: Determination of Surface Compositions of Key Stratigraphic Units, EOS Trans. AGU, Fall Meeting, #P14B-06, San Francisco, 2011. Moore, J. M. and 25 others 2001. Impact Features on Europa: Results of the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM), Icarus 151, 93-111.

Performance analysis of gamma ray spectrometric parameters on digital signal and analog signal processing based MCA systems using NaI(Tl) detector.

PubMed

Kukreti, B M; Sharma, G K

2012-05-01

Accurate and speedy estimations of ppm range uranium and thorium in the geological and rock samples are most useful towards ongoing uranium investigations and identification of favorable radioactive zones in the exploration field areas. In this study with the existing 5 in. × 4 in. NaI(Tl) detector setup, prevailing background and time constraints, an enhanced geometrical setup has been worked out to improve the minimum detection limits for primordial radioelements K(40), U(238) and Th(232). This geometrical setup has been integrated with the newly introduced, digital signal processing based MCA system for the routine spectrometric analysis of low concentration rock samples. Stability performance, during the long counting hours, for digital signal processing MCA system and its predecessor NIM bin based MCA system has been monitored, using the concept of statistical process control. Monitored results, over a time span of few months, have been quantified in terms of spectrometer's parameters such as Compton striping constants and Channel sensitivities, used for evaluating primordial radio element concentrations (K(40), U(238) and Th(232)) in geological samples. Results indicate stable dMCA performance, with a tendency of higher relative variance, about mean, particularly for Compton stripping constants. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

CCQM-K104 key comparison (avermectin B1a) on the characterization of organic substances for chemical purity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Xinhua; Zhang, Wei; Li, Hongmei; Huang, Ting; Li, Mengwan; Quan, Can; Zhang, Qinghe; Davies, Stephen R.; Warren, John; Lo, Man-fung; Kakoulides, Elias; Ceyhan Gören, Ahmet; Marbumrung, Sornkrit; Pfeifer, Dietmar; Ün, İlker; Gündüz, Simay; Yilmaz, Hasibe; Kankaew, Pornhatai; Sudsiri, Nittaya; Shearman, Kittiya; Pookrod, Preeyaporn; Polzer, Joachim; Radeck, Wolfgang

2017-01-01

Under the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM), a key comparison, CCQM-K104, was coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM). The comparison was designed to demonstrate a laboratory's performance in determining the mass fraction of the main component in a complex high purity organic material. Nine NMIs or DIs participated in the comparison. Eight participants reported their results. An additional impurity was resolved from the avermectin B1a peak and was tentatively identified as an unknown impurity by NMIA (National Measurement Institute (Australia)). It was subsequently identified by NIM as a diastereoisomer of avermectin B1a at the C-26 position. Final reference value (KCRV) = 924.63 mg/g, with uncertainty (k=1) = 3.89 mg/g, and expanded uncertainty = 8.97 mg/g. The degrees of equivalence with the avermectin B1a KCRV for each participant were reported. The measurement results and degrees of equivalence should be indicative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of high structural complexity (relative molecular mass range of 500 Da -1000 Da and low polarity (-log KOW <= -2). Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Synthesis and characterization of zinc adeninate metal-organic frameworks (bioMOF1) as potential anti-inflammatory drug delivery material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usman, Ken Aldren S.; Buenviaje, Salvador C.; Razal, Joselito M.; Conato, Marlon T.; Payawan, Leon M.

2018-05-01

Zn8(ad)4(BPDC)6O•2Me2NH2 (bioMOF1), a porous metal-organic framework with zinc-adeninate secondary building units (SBUs), interconnected via biphenyldicarboxylate linkers, shows great potential for drug delivery applications due to its non-toxic and biocompatible components (zinc and adenine). In this study, bioMOF1 crystals synthesized solvothermally at 130°C for 24 hours, were characterized thoroughly and loaded with a known anti-inflammatory drug, nimesulide (NIM). The crystalline nature of the material was confirmed using powder x-ray diffraction crystallography (PXRD) along with morphology assessment using focused-ion beam/field emission scanning electron microscopy (FIB/FESEM). NIM was introduced to the crystals via solvent exchange accompanied with vigorous stirring and quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with loading saturation of ˜30% attained during the 2nd to 3rd day of drug immersion. Drug release in phosphate buffer saline and in deionized water was done to monitor the kinetic of drug release in vitro. The drug release showed a controlled discharge profile which slowed down at the 24th and 48th hour of release. Drug release in buffer showed a faster release of drug from the material, which means that the presence of cations in the solution could further trigger the release of drug. Slow drug release was observed for all of the set-ups with maximum % drug release of 24.47%, and 16.14% for the bioMOF1 in buffer and bioMOF1 in water respectively for the span of 48 hours.

Detection efficiency of microchannel plates for e{sup −} and π{sup −} in the momentum range from 17.5 to 345 MeV/c

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tulej, M., E-mail: marek.tulej@space.unibe.ch; Meyer, S.; Lüthi, M.

2015-08-15

High-energy e{sup –} and π{sup –} were measured by the multichannel plate (MCP) detector at the PiM1 beam line of the High Intensity Proton Accelerator Facilities located at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The measurements provide the absolute detection efficiencies for these particles: 5.8% ± 0.5% for electrons in the beam momenta range 17.5–300 MeV/c and 6.0% ± 1.3% for pions in the beam momenta range 172–345 MeV/c. The pulse height distribution determined from the measurements is close to an exponential function with negative exponent, indicating that the particles penetrated the MCP material before producing the signal somewhere insidemore » the channel. Low charge extraction and nominal gains of the MCP detector observed in this study are consistent with the proposed mechanism of the signal formation by penetrating radiation. A very similar MCP ion detector will be used in the Neutral Ion Mass (NIM) spectrometer designed for the JUICE mission of European Space Agency (ESA) to the Jupiter system, to perform measurements of the chemical composition of the Galilean moon exospheres. The detection efficiency for penetrating radiation determined in the present studies is important for the optimisation of the radiation shielding of the NIM detector against the high-rate and high-energy electrons trapped in Jupiter’s magnetic field. Furthermore, the current studies indicate that MCP detectors can be useful to measure high-energy particle beams at high temporal resolution.« less

Application of a minicomputer-based system in measuring intraocular fluid dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bronzino, J.D.; D'Amato, D.P.; O'Rourke, J.

A complete, computerized system has been developed to automate and display radionuclide clearance studies in an ophthalmology clinical laboratory. The system is based on a PDP-8E computer with a 16-k core memory and includes a dual-drive Decassette system and an interactive display terminal. The software controls the acquisition of data from an NIM scaler, times the procedures, and analyzes and simultaneously displays logarithmically converted data on a fully annotated graph. Animal studies and clinical experiments are presented to illustrate the nature of these displays and the results obtained using this automated eye physiometer.

Galileo Infrared Observations of the Shoemaker Levy 9 G and R Fireballs and Splash

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carlson, R. W.; Weissman, P. R.; Hui, J.; Segura, M.; Baines, K. H.; Johnson, T. V.; Dossart, P.; Encrenaz, T.; Leader, F.; Mehlman, R.

1995-01-01

The Galileo spacecraft was fortuitously situated for a direct view of the impacts of comet Shoemaker(ka)evy 9 in Jupiter's atmosphere and measurements were recorded by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instrument for several of the impact events. Seventeen discrete wavelength channels were used between 0.7 to 5.0 microns, obtained with a time resolution of 5 seconds. Two phases of the impact phenomena are found in the data: the initial fireball, which was evident for one minute, and subsequent fallback of impact ejecta onto the atmosphere, starting six minutes after fireball initiation.

A balloon-borne high-resolution spectrometer for observations of gamma-ray emission from solar flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crannell, C. J.; Starr, R.; Stottlemyre, A. R.; Trombka, J. I.

1984-01-01

The design, development, and balloon-flight verification of a payload for observations of gamma-ray emission from solar flares are reported. The payload incorporates a high-purity germanium semiconductor detector, standard NIM and CAMAC electronics modules, a thermally stabilized pressure housing, and regulated battery power supplies. The flight system is supported on the ground with interactive data-handling equipment comprised of similar electronics hardware. The modularity and flexibility of the payload, together with the resolution and stability obtained throughout a 30-hour flight, make it readily adaptable for high-sensitivity, long-duration balloon fight applications.

Visual Motion Perception and Visual Information Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

S submitted to Vision Research for publication. - (4) Studies of the detection and discrimination of visual acceleration. These two i r papers...1915). Vu. Res 2 (4) pp. 511-521. Supported by AIOSR Lde Scwrene Dvcmvte Gram U-0140 sad NI&M Grant 5132MH 14267. R Ipr ,,’: n Pr tl Ir I.t % I s t...0X903 or (eorge Sperling. HIP Lab. NYU. 6 Washington Place. New York. NY I (XX)3. 411 WM22-2496 91 S3.00 ,psrRht , 1l l h% siemic Pit s Inc --- j r ,Is 1

Sound Insulation Evaluation of High-Performance Wood-Frame Party Partitions under Laboratory and Field Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

effectiveness 3All sound pressure measurements In decibels are ot the scund Insulator can be quantified by oh- roterenced to 2 x 10’ Nim’. 3 useful...Idea of the acoustical 40 efficiencies of single- and double-panel par- 4r0g3- X 0 titons, ,TC has been p~otted against surface weight (fig. 3). The...noise asbestos tile has an STC •" 37 and IIC - X 34. characterization of a floor Is complex in com- The addition of carpet and pad gives STC ; 37

A 64ch readout module for PPD/MPPC/SiPM using EASIROC ASIC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, Isamu; Ishijima, N.; Hanagaki, K.; Yoshimura, K.; Nakai, Y.; Ueno, K.

2015-07-01

A readout module for PPD/MPPC/GAPD/SiPM is developed using EASIROC ASIC. The module can handle 64 PPDs and has on-board bias power supply, ADC for energy measurement, 1 ns TDC on FPGA as well as 64ch Logic output for external trigger. Controls and data transfer are through SiTCP technology implemented in FPGA. The module has NIM format for convenience, but can be operated without crate with 5 V AC/DC converter. Basic performance of production module was tested and the results are presented in the poster.

Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, D.A.; Schenk, P.M.; Moore, Johnnie N.; Keszthelyi, L.P.; Turtle, E.P.; Jaeger, W.L.; Radebaugh, J.; Milazzo, M.P.; Lopes, R.M.C.; Greeley, R.

2004-01-01

We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann-Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered shield volcano, Tsu??i Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright flow field, Tsu??i Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera-Tohil Patera complex. Analysis of Voyager global color and Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) high-resolution, regional (50-330 m/pixel), and global color (1.4 km/pixel) images, along with available Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data, suggests that 16 distinct geologic units can be defined and characterized in this region, including 5 types of diffuse deposits. Tsu??i Goab Fluctus is the center of a low-temperature hotspot detected by NIMS late during the Galileo mission, and could represent the best case for active effusive sulfur volcanism detected by Galileo. The Culann volcanic center has produced a range of explosive and effusive deposits, including an outer yellowish ring of enhanced sulfur dioxide (SO2), an inner red ring of SO2 with short-chain sulfur (S3-S4) contaminants, and two irregular green diffuse deposits (one in Tohil Patera) apparently produced by the interaction of dark, silicate lava flows with sulfurous contaminants ballistically-emplaced from Culann's eruption plume(s). Fresh and red-mantled dark lava flows west of the Culann vent can be contrasted with unusual red-brown flows east of the vent. These red-brown flows have a distinct color that is suggestive of a compositional difference, although whether this is due to surface alteration or distinct lava compositions cannot be determined. The main massif of Tohil Mons is covered with ridges and grooves, defining a unit of tectonically disrupted crustal materials. Tohil Mons also contains a younger unit of mottled crustal materials that were displaced by mass wasting processes. Neighboring Radegast Patera contains a NIMS hotspot and a young lava lake of dark silicate flows, whereas the southwest portion of Tohil Patera contains white flow-like units, perhaps consisting of 'ponds' of effusively emplaced SO2. From 0?? -15?? S the hummocky bright plains unit away from volcanic centers contains scarps, grooves, pits, graben, and channel-like features, some of which have been modified by erosion. Although the most active volcanic centers appear to be found in structural lows (as indicated by mapping of scarps), DEMs derived from stereo images show that, with the exception of Tohil Mons, there is less than 1 km of relief in the Culann-Tohil region. There is no discernable correlation between centers of active volcanism and topography. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Preparation of scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system].

PubMed

Lü, Wei-ling; Hu, Jin-hong; Zhu, Quan-gang; Li, Feng-qian

2010-07-01

This study is to prepare scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (SH-NiMS) and evaluate its drug release characteristics in vitro. SH nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking method with tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and chitosan as carrier. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation of SH nanoparticles, which took the property of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation parameters. With HPMC as carrier, adjusted the parameters of spray drying technique and sprayed the SH nanoparticles in microspheres encaposulated by HPMC was formed and which is called nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (NiMS). SH-NiMS appearances were observed by SEM, structure was obsearved by FT-IR and the release characteristics in vitro were evaluated. The optimized formulation of SH nanoparticles was TPP/CS 1:3 (w/w), HPMC 0.3%, SH 0.2%. The solution peristaltic speed of the spray drying technique was adjusted to 15%, and the temperature of inlet was 110 degrees C. The encapsulation product yeild, drug loading and particle sizes of SH-NiMS were 94.2%, 20.4%, and 1256.5 nm, respectively. The appearances and the structure of SH-NiMS were good. The preparation method of SH-NiMS is stable and reliable to use, which provide a new way to develop new dosage form.

Assessment of the binding performance of histamine-imprinted microspheres by frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Romano, Edwin F; Quirino, Joselito P; Holdsworth, John L; So, Regina C; Holdsworth, Clovia I

2017-05-01

Frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis was used to evaluate the binding performance of molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIM) toward its template histamine and analogs at pH 7, and compared to the high performance liquid chromatographic method. In both methods, batch binding was employed and the binding parameters were calculated from the measured concentration of unbound amine analytes and afforded comparable histamine equilibrium dissociation constants (K d ∼ 0.4 mM). FACE was easily carried out at shorter binding equilibration time (i.e. 30 min) and without the need to separate the microspheres, circumventing laborious and, in the case of the system under study, inefficient sample filtration. It also allowed for competitive binding studies by virtue of its ability to distinctly separate intact microspheres and all tested amines which could not be resolved in HPLC. K d 's for nonimprinted (control) microspheres (NIM) from FACE and HPLC were also comparable (∼ 0.6 mM) but at higher histamine concentrations, HPLC gave lower histamine binding. This discrepancy was attributed to inefficient filtration of the batch binding samples prior to HPLC analysis resulting in an over-estimation of the concentration of free histamine brought about by the presence of unfiltered histamine-bound microspheres. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

ARC-1990-AC91-2005

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-02-10

Range : 60,000 miles This image is a false-color version of a near- infrared map of lower-level clouds on the night side of Venus, obtained by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer aboard Galileo. Taken at an infrared wavelength of 2.3 microns (about three times the longest wavelength visible to the human eye) the map shows the turbulent, cloudy middle atmosphere some 30-33 miles above the surface, 6-10 miles below the visible cloudtops. The image shows the radiant heat from the lower atmosphere (about 400 degrees F) shining through the sulfuric acid clouds, which appear as much as 10 times darker than the bright gaps between clouds. The colors indicate relative cloud transparency; white and red show thin cloud regions, while black and blue represent relatively this clouds. This cloud layer is at about 170 degrees F., at a pressure about 1/2 Earth's atmospheric pressure. About 2/3 of the dark hemisphere is visible, centered on longitude 350 West, with bright slivers of daylit high clouds visible at top and bottom left. Near the equator, the clouds appear fluffy and blocky; farther north, they are stretched out into East-West filaments by winds estimated at more than 150 mph, while the poles are capped by thick clouds at this altitude. The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo is a combined mapping (imaging) and spectral instrument. It can sense 408 contiguous wavelengths from 0.7 microns (deep red) to 5.2 microns, and can construct a map or image by mechanical scanning. It can spectroscopic-ally analyze atmospheres and surfaces and construct thermal and chemical maps. Designed and operated by scientists and engineers at the JPL, NIMS involves 15 scientists in the US, England and France.

Involvement of the Anopheles gambiae Nimrod gene family in mosquito immune responses.

PubMed

Estévez-Lao, Tania Y; Hillyer, Julián F

2014-01-01

Insects fight infection using a variety of signaling pathways and immune effector proteins. In Drosophila melanogaster, three members of the Nimrod gene family (draper, nimC1 and eater) bind bacteria, and this binding leads to phagocytosis by hemocytes. The Nimrod gene family has since been identified in other insects, but their function in non-drosophilids remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the members of the Nimrod gene family in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, and to assess their role in immunity. We identified and sequenced three members of this gene family, herein named draper, nimrod and eater, which are the orthologs of D. melanogaster draper, nimB2 and eater, respectively. The three genes are preferentially expressed in hemocytes and their peak developmental expression is in pupae and young adults. Infection induces the transcriptional upregulation of all three genes, but the magnitude of this upregulation becomes more attenuated as mosquitoes become older. RNAi-based knockdown of eater, but not draper or nimrod, decreased a mosquito's ability to kill Escherichia coli in the hemocoel. Knockdown of draper, eater, or any combination of Nimrod family genes rendered mosquitoes more likely to die from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Finally, knockdown of Nimrod family genes did not impact mRNA levels of the antimicrobial peptides defensin (def1), cecropin (cecA) or gambicin (gam1), but eater knockdown led to a decrease in mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase. Together, these data show that members of the A. gambiae Nimrod gene family are positive regulators of the mosquito antibacterial response. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in 113 patients: a Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society report.

PubMed

Poynter, Jeffrey A; Bondarenko, Igor; Austin, Erle H; DeCampli, William M; Jacobs, Jeffrey P; Ziemer, Gerhard; Kirshbom, Paul M; Tchervenkov, Christo I; Karamlou, Tara; Blackstone, Eugene H; Walters, Henry L; Gaynor, J William; Mery, Carlos M; Pearl, Jeffrey M; Brothers, Julie A; Caldarone, Christopher A; Williams, William G; Jacobs, Marshall L; Mavroudis, Constantine

2014-10-01

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) encompasses a wide morphologic spectrum, which has impeded consensus regarding indications for the diverse repair strategies. We constructed a profile of current surgical techniques and explore their application to morphologic variants. Patients<30 years old (n=113) with isolated AAOCA who underwent operations at 29 Congenital Heart Surgeons Society (CHSS) institutions from 1998 to 2012 were identified from the CHSS AAOCA Registry. Operative findings were related to surgical techniques at index repairs by cross-tabulation. Anomalous origin of the left main or left anterior descending coronary artery was present in 33 (29%) patients and of the right coronary artery in 78 (69%) patients; 2 arteries originated directly above the commissure between the left and right sinuses. There were 101 (89%) interarterial and intramural (IA/IM) arteries, 10 (9%) were interarterial but not intramural (IA/NIM) and 2 (2%) were neither interarterial nor intramural. Intramural arteries were unroofed in 100 (88%) operations, usually with intimal tacking after incision (n=47) or excision (n=25) of the common wall. Coronary reimplantation (n=11), pulmonary artery relocation (n=7; 5 for IA/NIM), simple ostioplasty (without unroofing; n=3), coronary artery bypass grafting (n=2), and ostial window (n=1) were less common. In 37 (33%) operations, a valvar commissure was taken down; 33 were resuspended. Current surgical repair of AAOCA is individualized to morphology, particularly the presence of intramural and/or interarterial segments. This report is foundational for future planned CHSS studies that will examine interventional and noninterventional outcomes and ultimately guide management of AAOCA. © The Author(s) 2014.

On a Clear Day, You Can See ICS: The Dying Art of Incident Command and the Normal Accident of NIMS - A Policy Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

response in an effort to determine “What can be done better next time?” and “How do we prevent this from happening again?” One basic expectation that...effort to determine “What can be done better next time?” and “How do we prevent this from happening again?” One basic expectation that citizens have of...to determine “What can be done better next time?” and “How do we prevent this from happening again?” After the tragic events of September, 11, 2001

Salts on Europa's surface detected by Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer. The NIMS Team.

PubMed

McCord, T B; Hansen, G B; Fanale, F P; Carlson, R W; Matson, D L; Johnson, T V; Smythe, W D; Crowley, J K; Martin, P D; Ocampo, A; Hibbitts, C A; Granahan, J C

1998-05-22

Reflectance spectra in the 1- to 2.5-micrometer wavelength region of the surface of Europa obtained by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer exhibit distorted water absorption bands that indicate the presence of hydrated minerals. The laboratory spectra of hydrated salt minerals such as magnesium sulfates and sodium carbonates and mixtures of these minerals provide a close match to the Europa spectra. The distorted bands are only observed in the optically darker areas of Europa, including the lineaments, and may represent evaporite deposits formed by water, rich in dissolved salts, reaching the surface from a water-rich layer underlying an ice crust.

Ion Irradiation of Sulfuric Acid: Implications for its Stability on Europa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loeffler, M. J.; Hudson, R. L.; Moore, M. H.

2010-01-01

The Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) detected regions on Europa's surface containing distorted H2O bands. This distortion likely indicates that there are other molecules mixed with the water ice. Based on spectral comparison, some of the leading possibilities are sulfuric acid, salts. or possibly H3O(+). Previous laboratory studies have shown that sulfuric acid can be created by irradiation of H2OSO2 mixtures, and both molecules are present on Europa. In this project, we were interested in investigating the radiation stability of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and determining its lifetime on the surface of Europa.

Compatibility of photomultiplier tube operation with SQUIDs for a neutron EDM experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Libersky, Matthew; nEDM Collaboration

2013-10-01

An experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with the goal of reducing the experimental limit on the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron will measure the precession frequencies of neutrons when a strong electric field is applied parallel and anti-parallel to a weak magnetic field. A difference in these frequencies would indicate a nonzero neutron EDM. To correct for drifts of the magnetic field in the measurement volume, polarized 3He will be used as a co-magnetometer. In one of the two methods built into the apparatus, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) will be used to read out the 3He magnetization. Photomultiplier tubes will be used concurrently to measure scintillation light from neutron capture by 3He. However, the simultaneous noise-sensitive magnetic field measurement by the SQUIDs makes conventional PMT operation problematic due to the alternating current involved in generating the high voltages needed. Tests were carried out at Los Alamos National Laboratory to study the compatibility of simultaneous SQUID and PMT operation, using a custom battery-powered high-voltage power supply developed by Meyer and Smith (NIM A 647.1) to operate the PMT. The results of these tests will be presented.

OpenMSI Arrayed Analysis Toolkit: Analyzing Spatially Defined Samples Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Raad, Markus; de Rond, Tristan; Rübel, Oliver

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has primarily been applied in localizing biomolecules within biological matrices. Although well-suited, the application of MSI for comparing thousands of spatially defined spotted samples has been limited. One reason for this is a lack of suitable and accessible data processing tools for the analysis of large arrayed MSI sample sets. In this paper, the OpenMSI Arrayed Analysis Toolkit (OMAAT) is a software package that addresses the challenges of analyzing spatially defined samples in MSI data sets. OMAAT is written in Python and is integrated with OpenMSI (http://openmsi.nersc.gov), a platform for storing, sharing, and analyzing MSI data.more » By using a web-based python notebook (Jupyter), OMAAT is accessible to anyone without programming experience yet allows experienced users to leverage all features. OMAAT was evaluated by analyzing an MSI data set of a high-throughput glycoside hydrolase activity screen comprising 384 samples arrayed onto a NIMS surface at a 450 μm spacing, decreasing analysis time >100-fold while maintaining robust spot-finding. The utility of OMAAT was demonstrated for screening metabolic activities of different sized soil particles, including hydrolysis of sugars, revealing a pattern of size dependent activities. Finally, these results introduce OMAAT as an effective toolkit for analyzing spatially defined samples in MSI. OMAAT runs on all major operating systems, and the source code can be obtained from the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/biorack/omaat.« less

CRionScan: A stand-alone real time controller designed to perform ion beam imaging, dose controlled irradiation and proton beam writing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daudin, L.; Barberet, Ph.; Serani, L.; Moretto, Ph.

2013-07-01

High resolution ion microbeams, usually used to perform elemental mapping, low dose targeted irradiation or ion beam lithography needs a very flexible beam control system. For this purpose, we have developed a dedicated system (called “CRionScan”), on the AIFIRA facility (Applications Interdisciplinaires des Faisceaux d'Ions en Région Aquitaine). It consists of a stand-alone real-time scanning and imaging instrument based on a Compact Reconfigurable Input/Output (Compact RIO) device from National Instruments™. It is based on a real-time controller, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), input/output modules and Ethernet connectivity. We have implemented a fast and deterministic beam scanning system interfaced with our commercial data acquisition system without any hardware development. CRionScan is built under LabVIEW™ and has been used on AIFIRA's nanobeam line since 2009 (Barberet et al., 2009, 2011) [1,2]. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) embedded in the Compact RIO as a web page is used to control the scanning parameters. In addition, a fast electrostatic beam blanking trigger has been included in the FPGA and high speed counters (15 MHz) have been implemented to perform dose controlled irradiation and on-line images on the GUI. Analog to Digital converters are used for the beam current measurement and in the near future for secondary electrons imaging. Other functionalities have been integrated in this controller like LED lighting using Pulse Width Modulation and a “NIM Wilkinson ADC” data acquisition.

Overview of the development of high-resolution 920 MHz NMR in NIMS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimizu, Tadashi; Hashi, Kenjiro; Goto, Atsushi; Tansyo, Masataka; Kiyoshi, Tsukasa; Matsumoto, Shinji; Wada, Hitoshi; Fujito, Teruaki; Hasegawa, Ken-ichi; Kirihara, Noriaki; Suematsu, Hiroto; Kida, Yoshiki; Yoshikawa, Masatoshi; Miki, Takashi; Ito, Satoshi; Hamada, Mamoru; Hayashi, Seiji

2004-04-01

We have developed a 920 MHz NMR system and performed the proton NMR measurement of ethylbenzene and water using the superconducting magnet operating at 21.6 T ( 920 MHz for proton), which is the highest field produced by a superconducting NMR magnet in the persistent mode. From the NMR measurements, it is verified that both homogeneity and stability of the magnet have a specification sufficient for a high-resolution NMR. The sensitivity has been examined by 1H NMR of 0.1% ethylbenzene in Wilmad 555 tube and obtained the signal-to-noise ratio as S/ N=2981, which is the highest record, to our knowledge, among the room temperature measurements.

Clinical utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory validity scales to screen for symptom exaggeration following traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Lange, Rael T; Brickell, Tracey A; Lippa, Sara M; French, Louis M

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of three recently developed validity scales (Validity-10, NIM5, and LOW6) designed to screen for symptom exaggeration using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Participants were 272 U.S. military service members who sustained a mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) and who were evaluated by the neuropsychology service at Walter Reed Army Medical Center within 199 weeks post injury. Participants were divided into two groups based on the Negative Impression Management scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory: (a) those who failed symptom validity testing (SVT-fail; n = 27) and (b) those who passed symptom validity testing (SVT-pass; n = 245). Participants in the SVT-fail group had significantly higher scores (p<.001) on the Validity-10, NIM5, LOW6, NSI total, and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) clinical scales (range: d = 0.76 to 2.34). Similarly high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power (PPP), and negative predictive (NPP) values were found when using all three validity scales to differentiate SVT-fail versus SVT-pass groups. However, the Validity-10 scale consistently had the highest overall values. The optimal cutoff score for the Validity-10 scale to identify possible symptom exaggeration was ≥19 (sensitivity = .59, specificity = .89, PPP = .74, NPP = .80). For the majority of people, these findings provide support for the use of the Validity-10 scale as a screening tool for possible symptom exaggeration. When scores on the Validity-10 exceed the cutoff score, it is recommended that (a) researchers and clinicians do not interpret responses on the NSI, and (b) clinicians follow up with a more detailed evaluation, using well-validated symptom validity measures (e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form, MMPI-2-RF, validity scales), to seek confirmatory evidence to support an hypothesis of symptom exaggeration.

Recent global trends in structural materials research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murakami, Hideyuki; Ohmura, Takahito; Nishimura, Toshiyuki

2013-02-01

Structural materials support the basis of global society, such as infrastructure and transportation facilities, and are therefore essential for everyday life. The optimization of such materials allows people to overcome environmental, energy and resource depletion issues on a global scale. The creation and manufacture of structural materials make a large contribution to economies around the world every year. The use of strong, resistant materials can also have profound social effects, providing a better quality of life at both local and national levels. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 caused significant structural damage in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. On a global scale, accidents caused by the ageing and failure of structural materials occur on a daily basis. Therefore, the provision and inspection of structural reliability, safety of nuclear power facilities and construction of a secure and safe society hold primary importance for researchers and engineers across the world. Clearly, structural materials need to evolve further to address both existing problems and prepare for new challenges that may be faced in the future. With this in mind, the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) organized the 'NIMS Conference 2012' to host an extensive discussion on a variety of global issues related to the future development of structural materials. Ranging from reconstruction following natural disasters, verification of structural reliability, energy-saving materials to fundamental problems accompanying the development of materials for high safety standards, the conference covered many key issues in the materials industry today. All the above topics are reflected in this focus issue of STAM, which introduces recent global trends in structural materials research with contributions from world-leading researchers in this field. This issue covers the development of novel alloys, current methodologies in the characterization of structural materials and fundamental research on structure-property relationships. We are grateful to the authors who contributed to cover these issues, and sincerely hope that our readers will expand their knowledge of emerging international research within the field of structural materials.

NIMS Views of a Jovian 'Hot Spot'

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

These four Galileo/NIMS near-infrared images of a small portion of the equatorial region of Jupiter show a dark clearing of clouds in the meteorologically-active troposphere of Jupiter. This region constitutes a 'hot spot', a nearly-clear area devoid of thick ammonia clouds which allows Jupiter's indigenous heat radiation to shine through at 5 microns (not shown). These features are thought to be areas of downwelling, dry (low ammonia and water humidity) air. The second image from the top, taken at a wavelength sensitive to methane absorption, has muted contrast, showing that a high-level optically-thin haze layer overlies the entire region. All other images, taken over a large range of methane-insensitive wavelengths from 0.76 to 2.74 microns, reveal such 5 micron bright hotspots as actually being dark in reflected sunlight, confirming clearings in the bright reflective surrounding cloud layer and perhaps indicating absorption by clouds and/or gases at relatively deep levels in the atmosphere.

These images were acquired December 17, 1996 from a distance of 1.43 million kilometers above the cloudtops. The large dark clearing near the middle of the image is approximately 7000 km wide in the east-west direction and 4000 km tall in the north-south direction, about twice the size of the continental U. S. Images shown are at 0.76, 1.61, 1.99, and 2.74 microns, proceeding from top to bottom.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.

This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Occupational Safety and Health System for Workers Engaged in Emergency Response Operations in the USA.

PubMed

Toyoda, Hiroyuki; Kubo, Tatsuhiko; Mori, Koji

2016-12-03

To study the occupational safety and health systems used for emergency response workers in the USA, we performed interviews with related federal agencies and conducted research on related studies. We visited the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the USA and performed interviews with their managers on the agencies' roles in the national emergency response system. We also obtained information prepared for our visit from the USA's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In addition, we conducted research on related studies and information on the website of the agencies. We found that the USA had an established emergency response system based on their National Incident Management System (NIMS). This enabled several organizations to respond to emergencies cooperatively using a National Response Framework (NRF) that clarifies the roles and cooperative functions of each federal agency. The core system in NIMS was the Incident Command System (ICS), within which a Safety Officer was positioned as one of the command staff supporting the commander. All ICS staff were required to complete a training program specific to their position; in addition, the Safety Officer was required to have experience. The All-Hazards model was commonly used in the emergency response system. We found that FEMA coordinated support functions, and OSHA and NIOSH, which had specific functions to protect workers, worked cooperatively under NRF. These agencies employed certified industrial hygienists that play a professional role in safety and health. NIOSH recently executed support activities during disasters and other emergencies. The USA's emergency response system is characterized by functions that protect the lives and health of emergency response workers. Trained and experienced human resources support system effectiveness. The findings provided valuable information that could be used to improve the occupational safety and health function in the Japanese system.

Overflow of a dipolar exciton trap at high magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dietl, Sebastian; Kowalik-Seidl, Katarzyna; Hammer, Lukas; Schuh, Dieter; Wegscheider, Werner; Holleitner, Alexander; Wurstbauer, Ursula

We study the photoluminescence of trapped dipolar excitons (IX) in coupled double GaAs quantum wells at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. A voltage-tunable electrode geometry controls the strength of the quantum confined Stark effect and defines the lateral trapping potential. Furthermore, it enhances the IX lifetime, enabling them to cool down to lattice temperature. We show that a magnetic field in Faraday configuration effectively prevents the escape of unbound photogenerated charge carriers from the trap area, thus increasing the density of dipolar excitons. For large magnetic fields, we observe an overflow of the IX trap and an effectively suppressed quantum confined Stark effect. We acknowledge financial support by the German Excellence Initiative via the Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).

Gaussian quadrature exponential sum modeling of near infrared methane laboratory spectra obtained at temperatures from 106 to 297 K

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Giver, Lawrence P.; Benner, D. C.; Tomasko, M. G.; Fink, U.; Kerola, D.

1990-01-01

Transmission measurements made on near-infrared laboratory methane spectra have previously been fit using a Malkmus band model. The laboratory spectra were obtained in three groups at temperatures averaging 112, 188, and 295 K; band model fitting was done separately for each temperature group. These band model parameters cannot be used directly in scattering atmosphere model computations, so an exponential sum model is being developed which includes pressure and temperature fitting parameters. The goal is to obtain model parameters by least square fits at 10/cm intervals from 3800 to 9100/cm. These results will be useful in the interpretation of current planetary spectra and also NIMS spectra of Jupiter anticipated from the Galileo mission.

PTR, PCR and Energy Resolution Study of GAGG:Ce Scintillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Limkitjaroenporn, Pruittipol; Hongtong, Wiraporn; Kim, Hong Joo; Kaewkhao, Jakrapong

2018-03-01

In this paper, the peak to total ratio (PTR), the peak to Compton ratio (PCR) and the energy resolution of cerium doped gadolinium aluminium gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) scintillator are measured in the range of energy from 511 keV to 1332 keV using the radioactive source Na-22, Cs-137 and Co-60. The crystal is coupled with the PMT number R1306 and analyzed by the nuclear instrument module (NIM). The results found that the PTR and PCR of GAGG:Ce scintillator decrease with the increasing of energy. The results of energy resolution show the trend is decrease with the increasing of energy which corresponding to the higher energy resolution at higher energy. Moreover the energy resolution found to be linearly with.

Eater and draper are involved in the periostial haemocyte immune response in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

PubMed

Sigle, L T; Hillyer, J F

2018-03-09

Haemocytes respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens, producing the enzymes that drive the phenoloxidase-based melanization cascade, secreting lytic factors, and producing other humoral proteins. A subset of haemocytes, called periostial haemocytes, aggregate on the surface of the heart of mosquitoes and kill pathogens in areas of high haemolymph flow. Periostial haemocytes are always present, but an infection induces the recruitment of additional haemocytes to these regions. Here, we tested whether members of the Nimrod gene family are involved in the periostial immune response of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Using organismal manipulations, RNA interference (RNAi) and microscopy, we show that, following an infection with Escherichia coli, nimrod - the orthologue of Drosophila NimB2 - is not involved in periostial responses. At 4 h postinfection, however, RNAi-based knockdown of draper results in a marginal increase in the number of periostial haemocytes and a doubling of E. coli accumulation at the periostial regions. Finally, at 24 h postinfection, knockdown of eater decreases the number of periostial haemocytes and decreases the phagocytosis of E. coli on the surface of the heart. Phagocytosis of bacteria is more prevalent in the periostial regions of the mid abdominal segments, and knockdown of draper, nimrod or eater does not alter this distribution. Finally, knockdown of Nimrod family genes did not have a meaningful effect on the accumulation of melanin at the periostial regions. This study identifies roles for eater and draper in the functional integration of the mosquito immune and circulatory systems. © 2018 The Royal Entomological Society.

Morphometric analysis - Cone beam computed tomography to predict bone quality and quantity.

PubMed

Hohlweg-Majert, B; Metzger, M C; Kummer, T; Schulze, D

2011-07-01

Modified quantitative computed tomography is a method used to predict bone quality and quantify the bone mass of the jaw. The aim of this study was to determine whether bone quantity or quality was detected by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) combined with image analysis. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES: Different measurements recorded on two phantoms (Siemens phantom, Comac phantom) were evaluated on images taken with the Somatom VolumeZoom (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) and the NewTom 9000 (NIM s.r.l., Verona, Italy) in order to calculate a calibration curve. The spatial relationships of six sample cylinders and the repositioning from four pig skull halves relative to adjacent defined anatomical structures were assessed by means of three-dimensional visualization software. The calibration curves for computer tomography (CT) and cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) using the Siemens phantom showed linear correlation in both modalities between the Hounsfield Units (HU) and bone morphology. A correction factor for CBCT was calculated. Exact information about the micromorphology of the bone cylinders was only available using of micro computer tomography. Cone-beam computer tomography is a suitable choice for analysing bone mass, but, it does not give any information about bone quality. 2010 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

APMP supplementary comparison (APMP.L-S8) measurement of flatness of optical flat by interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buajarern, J.; Bitou, Y.; Zi, X.; Zhao, L.; Swift, N.; Agarwal, A.; Hungwe, F.

2018-01-01

A reginal supplementary comparison, APMP.L-S8, was started in 2015 to demonstrate the equivalence of routine calibration services offered by NMIs to clients. Participants in this APMP.L-S8 comparison agreed to apply interferometric method for flatness measurement of the optical flats. There are two configurations of flatness interferometer used in this comparison, vertical type and horizontal type. There are seven laboratories from NMIs participated this supplementary comparison which included NIMT, NMIJ, NIM, NMC/A*STAR, MSL, NPLI and NMISA. This report describes the measurement results of two optical flats, diameter of 70 mm and 160 mm. The calibrations of this comparison were carried out by participants during the period from July 2015 to September 2016. The results show that there is a degree of equivalence below 1 for all measurands. Hence, there is a close agreement between the measurements from all participants. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Towards the differentiation of non-treated and treated corundum minerals by ion-beam-induced luminescence and other complementary techniques.

PubMed

Calvo del Castillo, H; Deprez, N; Dupuis, T; Mathis, F; Deneckere, A; Vandenabeele, P; Calderón, T; Strivay, D

2009-06-01

Differentiation of treated and non-treated gemstones is a chief concern for major jewellery import companies. Low-quality corundum specimens coming from Asia appear to be often treated with heat, BeO or flux in order to enhance their properties as precious minerals. A set of corundum samples, rubies and sapphires from different origins, both treated and non-treated has been analysed at the Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, with ion-beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) and other complementary techniques such as Raman, proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and proton-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE). IBIL, also known as ionoluminescence, has been used before to detect impurities or defects inside synthetic materials and natural minerals; its use for the discrimination of gemstone simulants or synthetic analogues has been elsewhere discussed (Cavenago-Bignami Moneta, Gemología, Tomo I Piedras preciosas, perlas, corales, marfil. Ediciones Omega, Barcelona, 1991). PIXE has been frequently applied in the archaeometric field for material characterisation and provenance studies of minerals (Hughes, Ruby & sapphire. RWH Publishing, Fallbrook, 1997; Calvo del Castillo et al., Anal Bioanal Chem 387:869-878, 2007; Calligaro et al., NIM-B 189:320-327, 2002) and PIGE complements the elemental analysis by detecting light elements in these materials such as-and lighter than-sodium that cannot be identified with the PIXE technique (Sanchez et al., NIM-B 130:682-686, 1997; Emmett et al., Gems Gemology 39:84-135, 2003). The micro-Raman technique has also been used complementarily to ion beam analysis techniques for mineral characterisation (Novak et al., Appl Surf Sci 231-232:917-920, 2004). The aim of this study is to provide new means for systematic analysis of corundum gemstone-quality mineral, alternative to the traditional gemmologic methods; for this purpose, a Spanish jewellery import company supplied us with a number of natural corundum samples coming from different places (part of them treated as explained above). The PIXE elemental concentrations of the samples showed large quantities of calcium and lead in some cases that can be linked to treatment with fluxes or lead oxide. The plot of the chromium and iron concentration grouped the samples in various aggregates that corresponded to the different types of corundum analysed. Micro-Raman complemented the PIXE analysis corroborating the presence of lead oxides but the use of the PIGE technique was not successful for the detection of beryllium due to the low cross section of the nuclear reaction chosen for its identification. IBIL was capable of distinguishing between treated and non-treated samples of the same type based on the luminescent features of the materials.

Discovery of a Powerful, Transient, Explosive Thermal Event at Marduk Fluctus, Io, in Galileo NIMS Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, A. G.; Davies, R. L.; Veeder, G. J.; de Kleer, K.; de Pater, I.; Matson, D. L.; Johnson, T. V.; Wilson, L.

2018-04-01

Analysis of Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Marduk Fluctus, a volcano on the Jovian moon Io, reveals a style of volcanic activity not previously seen there—a powerful thermal event lasting only a few minutes in 1996. The thermal emission rapidly fades, suggesting extremely rapid cooling of small clasts. The duration and evolution of the explosive eruption are akin to what might be expected from a strombolian or vulcanian explosion. The presence of such events provides an additional volcanic process that can be imaged by future missions with the intent of determining lava composition from eruption temperature, an important constraint on the internal composition of Io. These data promise to be of particular use in understanding the mechanics of explosive volcanic processes on Io.

A Compton suppressed detector multiplicity trigger based digital DAQ for gamma-ray spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, S.; Samanta, S.; Banik, R.; Bhattacharjee, R.; Basu, K.; Raut, R.; Ghugre, S. S.; Sinha, A. K.; Bhattacharya, S.; Imran, S.; Mukherjee, G.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Goswami, A.; Palit, R.; Tan, H.

2018-06-01

The development of a digitizer based pulse processing and data acquisition system for γ-ray spectroscopy with large detector arrays is presented. The system is based on 250 MHz 12-bit digitizers, and is triggered by a user chosen multiplicity of Compton suppressed detectors. The logic for trigger generation is similar to the one practised for analog (NIM/CAMAC) pulse processing electronics, while retaining the fast processing merits of the digitizer system. Codes for reduction of data acquired from the system have also been developed. The system has been tested with offline studies using radioactive sources as well as in the in-beam experiments with an array of Compton suppressed Clover detectors. The results obtained therefrom validate its use in spectroscopic efforts for nuclear structure investigations.

FRMAC Operations Manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frandsen, K.

In the event of a major radiological incident, the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) will coordinate the federal agencies that have various statutory responsibilities. The FRMAC is responsible for coordinating all environmental radiological monitoring, sampling, and assessment activities for the response. This manual describes the FRMAC’s response activities in a radiological incident. It also outlines how FRMAC fits in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) under the National Response Framework (NRF) and describes the federal assets and subsequent operational activities which provide federal radiological monitoring and assessment of the affected areas. In the event of a potential ormore » existing major radiological incident, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) is responsible for establishing and managing the FRMAC during the initial phases.« less

Novel approach for extraction of quercetin using molecular imprinted membranes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamarudin, Siti Fatimah; Ahmad, Mohd Noor; Dzahir, Irfan Hatim Mohamed; Nasir, Azalina Mohamed; Ishak, Noorhidayah; Halim, Nurul Farhanah

2017-12-01

Quercetin imprinted membrane (QIM) was synthesized and applied for the extraction of quercetin. The quercetin imprinted membranes (QIM) were fabricated through a non-covalent approach via surface thermal polymerization. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane was used as a support to improve mechanical stability of the membrane. The thin imprinted layer was formed by copolymerization of acrylamide (AA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker in the presence of quercetin as template in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to visualize the surface of membrane. Batch rebinding and binding kinetic experiments proved that the binding properties of the QIM are higher than non-imprinted membranes (NIM). QIM also have higher selectivity towards quercetin compared to sinensetin and rosmarinic acid.

Ultrafast photocurrents in monolayer MoS2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parzinger, Eric; Wurstbauer, Ursula; Holleitner, Alexander W.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 have emerged as interesting materials for optoelectronic devices. In particular, the ultrafast dynamics and lifetimes of photoexcited charge carriers have attracted great interest during the last years. We investigate the photocurrent response of monolayer MoS2 on a picosecond time scale utilizing a recently developed pump-probe spectroscopy technique based on coplanar striplines. We discuss the ultrafast dynamics within MoS2 including photo-thermoelectric currents and the impact of built-in fields due to Schottky barriers as well as the Fermi level pinning at the contact region. We acknowledge support by the ERC via Project 'NanoREAL', the DFG via excellence cluster 'Nanosystems Initiative Munich' (NIM), and through the TUM International Graduate School of Science and Engineering (IGSSE) and BaCaTeC.

Principal components analysis of Jupiter VIMS spectra

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bellucci, G.; Formisano, V.; D'Aversa, E.; Brown, R.H.; Baines, K.H.; Bibring, J.-P.; Buratti, B.J.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Clark, R.N.; Coradini, A.; Cruikshank, D.P.; Drossart, P.; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Matson, D.L.; McCord, T.B.; Mennella, V.; Nelson, R.M.; Nicholson, P.D.; Sicardy, B.; Sotin, Christophe; Chamberlain, M.C.; Hansen, G.; Hibbits, K.; Showalter, M.; Filacchione, G.

2004-01-01

During Cassini - Jupiter flyby occurred in December 2000, Visual-Infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) instrument took several image cubes of Jupiter at different phase angles and distances. We have analysed the spectral images acquired by the VIMS visual channel by means of a principal component analysis technique (PCA). The original data set consists of 96 spectral images in the 0.35-1.05 ??m wavelength range. The product of the analysis are new PC bands, which contain all the spectral variance of the original data. These new components have been used to produce a map of Jupiter made of seven coherent spectral classes. The map confirms previously published work done on the Great Red Spot by using NIMS data. Some other new findings, presently under investigation, are presented. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Experimental and theoretical studies of the npσ1Σu+ and npπ1 Πu+ (n ⩾ 4,N‧ = 1 -6) states of D2: Energies, natural widths, absorption line intensities, and dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glass-Maujean, M.; Jungen, Ch.; Vasserot, A. M.; Schmoranzer, H.; Knie, A.; Kübler, S.; Ehresmann, A.; Ubachs, W.

2017-08-01

Over a thousand spectral lines in the photoexcitation spectrum of molecular deuterium (D2) to np1 Σu+ and 1Πu+ Rydberg levels (n ⩾ 4) were measured for rotational levels N‧ = 1 -6 in the 117 000-137 000 cm-1 spectral range by two different types of experiments at two synchrotron radiation sources: a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Fourier-transform (FT) spectrometer at SOLEIL, Paris and a 10 m-normal-incidence monochromator (NIM) at BESSY II, Berlin. The experimental energies, the absorption cross sections, Einstein A-coefficients, and line widths are compared with ab initio multi-channel quantum defect (MQDT) calculations for these levels. More than 350 R(0) or P(2) lines were assigned, some 280 R(1) or P(3) lines, some 270 R(2) or P(4) lines, over 100 R(3) or P(5) lines, over 90 R(4) lines, and 24 R(5) lines to extract information on the N‧ = 1 -6 excited levels. Transition energies were determined up to excitation energies of 137 000 cm-1 above the ground state, thereby extending earlier work by various authors and considerably improving the spectral accuracy (< 0.1 cm-1), leading to several reassignments. The absorption and the dissociation, ionization and fluorescence excitation cross sections from the NIM experiment are measured on absolute scale and are used to calibrate intensities in the VUV-FT spectra. The overall agreement between experiment and first principles calculations, without adjustable parameters, is excellent in view of the multi-state interferences treated within the MQDT-framework: For the low N‧ values the averaged deviations between those observed in the FT-SOLEIL spectra and those calculated with MQDT are ∼ 0.1 cm-1 with a spread of ∼ 0.5 cm-1. The line intensities in terms of Einstein coefficients are well represented in the MQDT-framework, as are the level widths representing the lifetimes associated with the sum of the three decay channels. These line intensities follow, in general, the 1 /n3 scaling behavior as characteristic in Rydberg series, but deviations occur and those are explained by MQDT. The decay dynamics of the excited N Rydberg levels is analyzed on the basis of the measured quantum yields for ionization, dissociation and fluorescence observed in the NIM experiment in terms of absolute cross sections for the distinctive channels. In particular in the n = 4 manifolds dissociation is found to play a major role, where in the n = 5 manifolds the behavior is most erratic due to strong competition between decay channels. At n = 6 , ionization takes over as the dominant channel. Despite the excellent agreement between observations and the outcome of the MQDT calculations for both level energies and dynamics, some pronounced deviations are found as in the splitting of the 5 pπ, v = 4 -6, N‧ = 1 levels. The shortcomings of the MQDT calculations are ascribed to the treatment of the excited states in terms of a 1 snp single electron configuration, therewith neglecting possible interferences with 1 snf or 2 s core excited states. Some 27 lines remained unassigned; in view of their observation in fluorescence it is stipulated that these lines probe levels in the nf manifold.

Editorial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Toyonobu

2013-02-01

As the successor to Professor Teruo Kishi, the former Editor-in-Chief of Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM), I would like to share some of STAM's journal history with our readers. STAM was launched in 2000 with the financial support of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in recognition of a strong need for an international journal that would be distributed and read across the globe. Five years later, the publication of STAM was transferred to the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) under the initiative of Professor Kishi. As a result of his work, STAM is now positioned as a high-impact journal, 3.512 as listed by the ISI 2011 Science Citation Index Journal Citation Report, with a much higher and faster growth than when I was participating as a co-founder in the past. STAM is well known as a successful open-access journal since shifting from the initial subscription model in 2008. As an editor, I would like to emphasize that STAM will continue to publish with a sense of social mission as an academic journal, allowing space for researchers to contribute to the sustainable development of society and health. However, some contribution from authors would assist us in creating a sustainable journal publishing model, and further enhance services to authors and readers of STAM. With this in mind, I would like to state that STAM's editorial board is planning to introduce an article processing charge from July 2013, in addition to NIMS' continuing financial support. One of our new editorial policies is to aim for reader-oriented publishing. I believe that academic journal publishing can take the role of navigator in advancing the development of materials. Among the many other scientific journals, STAM will lead the rapid growth in materials science, inspiring research into new materials for the future and leading the next generation of materials science and technology. It is my honor to work with members of the editorial board and regional board for the continuing success of STAM. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all my colleagues for their support as authors, reviewers and readers, and for their enthusiasm, cooperation and editorial excellence.

Investigating Hydroxyl at Asteroid 951 Gaspra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granahan, James C.

2015-11-01

Recent investigations [Granahan, 2011; 2014] of Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) observations of asteroid 951 Gaspra have detected an infrared absorption feature near 2.8 micrometers. These were detected in NIMS data acquired by the Galileo spacecraft on October 29, 1991 at wavelengths ranging from 0.7 - 5.2 micrometers [Carlson et al., 1992]. This abstract presents a summary of the investigation to identify the material creating the 2.8 micrometer spectral absorption feature. The current best match for the observed 951 Gaspra feature is the phyllosilicate bound hydroxyl signature present in a thermally desiccated QUE 99038 carbonaceous chondrite as measured by Takir et al. [2013].The 951 Gaspra absorption feature has been compared to a variety of hydroxyl bearing signatures. Many phyllosilicates, hydroxyl bearing minerals, have absorption minima at different positions (2.7 or 2.85 micrometers). It also differs from similar absorptions in a potential R chondrite analog, LAP 04840. The spectra LAP 04840 has a 2.7 micrometer feature due to biotite and a 2.9 micrometer feature due to adsorbed water [Klima et al., 2007]. 2.8 micrometer absorption minima have been found for adsorbed hydroxyl on the Moon [McCord et al., 2011] and various carbonaceous chondrites [Calvin and King, 1997; Takir et al., 2013]. The best match, with a minimum Euclidean distance difference to the 951 Gaspra feature, is found in the spectrum of QUE 99038 [Takir et al., 2013]. This spectrum is the product of an infrared measurement of a sample that had its adsorbed water baked off and removed in a vacuum chamber. The remaining hydroxyl in the sample belongs to a mixture of phyllosilicates dominated by the presence of cronstedtite.References: Calvin, W. M., and T. V. King (1997), Met. Planet. Sci., 32, 693-702. Carlson, R. W., et al. (1992), Bull. American Astro. Soc., 24, 932. Granahan, J. C. (2011), Icarus, 213, 265-272. Granahan, J. C. (2014), 45th LPSC, #1092. Klima, R., C. et al. (2007), 38th LPSC, #1710. McCord, T. B., et al. (2011), JGR, 116, E00G05. Takir, D., et al. (2013), Met. Planet. Sci., 48, 1618-1637.

Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein during rat hepatocarcinogenesis caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet and chemopreventive efficacy of a specific inhibitor, nimesulide.

PubMed

Denda, Ayumi; Kitayama, Wakashi; Murata, Akiko; Kishida, Hideki; Sasaki, Yasutaka; Kusuoka, Osamu; Tsujiuchi, Toshifumi; Tsutsumi, Masahiro; Nakae, Dai; Takagi, Hidetoshi; Konishi, Yoichi

2002-02-01

Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein during rat hepatocarcinogenesis associated with fatty change, fibrosis, cirrhosis and oxidative DNA damage, caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet were investigated in F344 male rats, along with the chemopreventive efficacy of the specific COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide (NIM). Nimesulide, which was administered in the diet at concentrations of 200, 400, 600 and 800 p.p.m. for 12 weeks, decreased the number and size of preneoplastic enzyme-altered liver foci, levels of oxidative DNA damage, and the grade and incidence of fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. A preliminary long-term study of 65 weeks also revealed that 800 p.p.m. NIM decreased the multiplicity of neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas and prevented the development of cirrhosis. Western blot analysis revealed that COX-2 protein was barely expressed in control livers and increased approximately 2.9-fold in the livers of rats fed on a CDAA diet for 12 weeks and approximately 4.5-5.4-fold in tumors, with a diameter larger than 5 mm, at 80 weeks. Immunohistochemically, COX-2 protein was positive in sinusoidal and stromal cells in fibrotic septa, which were identified by immunoelectron microscopy as Kupffer cells, macrophages, either activated Ito cells or fibroblasts, after exposure to the CDAA diet for 12 weeks, whereas it was only occasionally weakly positive in sinusoidal, probably Kupffer, cells in control livers. In neoplastic nodules in rats fed on a CDAA diet for 30 and 80 weeks, sinusoidal cells and cells with relatively large round nuclei and scanty cytoplasm were strongly positive for COX-2 protein, with the neoplastic hepatocytes in the minority of the nodules, but not the cancer cells, being moderately positive. These results clearly indicate that rat hepatocarcinogenesis, along with fatty change, fibrosis and cirrhosis, is associated with increased expression of COX-2 protein, and point to the chemopreventive efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor against, at least, the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Io in the near infrared: Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) results from the Galileo flybys in 1999 and 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lopes, R.M.C.; Kamp, L.W.; Doute, S.; Smythe, W.D.; Carlson, R.W.; McEwen, A.S.; Geissler, P.E.; Kieffer, S.W.; Leader, F.E.; Davies, A.G.; Barbinis, E.; Mehlman, R.; Segura, M.; Shirley, J.; Soderblom, L.A.

2001-01-01

Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) observed Io during the spacecraft's three flybys in October 1999, November 1999, and February 2000. The observations, which are summarized here, were used to map the detailed thermal structure of active volcanic regions and the surface distribution of SO2 and to investigate the origin of a yet unidentified compound showing an absorption feature at ???1 ??m. We present a summary of the observations and results, focusing on the distribution of thermal emission and of SO2 deposits. We find high eruption temperatures, consistent with ultramafic volcanism, at Pele. Such temperatures may be present at other hot spots, but the hottest areas may be too small for those temperatures to be detected at the spatial resolution of our observations. Loki is the site of frequent eruptions, and the low thermal emission may represent lavas cooling on the caldera's surface or the cooling crust of a lava lake. High-resolution spectral observations of Emakong caldera show thermal emission and SO2 within the same pixels, implying that patches of SO2 frost and patches of cooling lavas or sulfur flows are present within a few kilometers from one another. Thermal maps of Prometheus and Amirani show that these two hot spots are characterized by long lava flows. The thermal profiles of flows at both locations are consistent with insulated flows, with the Amirani flow field having more breakouts of fresh lava along its length. Prometheus and Amirani each show a white ring at visible wavelengths, while SO2 distribution maps show that the highest concentration of SO2 in both ring deposits lies outside the white portion. Visible measurements at high phase angles show that the white deposit around Prometheus extends into the SO2 ring. This suggests that the deposits are thin and that compositional or grain size variations may occur in the radial direction. SO2 mapping of the Chaac region shows that the interior of a caldera adjacent to Chaac has almost pure SO2. The deposit appears to be topographically controlled, suggesting a possible origin by liquid flow. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Transformation of Sodium Bicarbonate and CO2 into Sodium Formate over NiPd Nanoparticle Catalyst

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Mengnan; Zhang, Jiaguang; Yan, Ning

2013-09-01

The present research systematically investigated, for the first time, the transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over a series of Ni based metal nanoparticles (NPs). Ni NPs and eight NiM (M stands for a second metal) NPs were prepared by a facile wet chemical process and then their catalytic performance were evaluated in sodium bicarbonate hydrogenation. Bimetallic NiPd NPs with a composition of 7:3 were found to be superior for this reaction, which are more active than both pure Ni and Pd NPs. Hot filtration experiment suggested the NPs to be the truly catalytic active species and kinetic analysis indicated the reaction mechanism to be different than most homogeneous catalysts. The enhanced activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles may be attributed to their smaller size and improved stability.

Measurements from a Compact Cost-Effective Beamline for the THC14 PET Cyclotron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dehnel, M. P.; Theroux, J.; Christensen, T.; Stewart, T. M.; Roeder, M.; Sirot, P.; Fasse, D.; Brasile, J. P.; Raoult, F.; Buckley, K.

2009-03-01

The THC14 PET Cyclotron produced by THALES specifies two compact cost-effective beamlines for high current PET radioisotope production. The design and development of the beamline system was reported previously in NIM B 261 (2007) pp 809-812. This paper describes the successful testing of this compact beamline at the first installation. A series of measurement data are presented starting from low current scintillator image data, higher current beam diagnostic data (baffles, collimators, targets) and finally a simultaneous dual beam run on Faraday Cups. The beamline system has proven to be a flexible and valuable tool for optimizing high current beam intensity distribution on target in a well-instrumented manner. This ability to tailor the beam characteristics for the target is particularly important as high power targets are developed which can handle very high beam currents.

Preliminary Results on New Prototypes of Precision Rh-0.5at%Fe Resistance Thermometers of Chinese Production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavese, F.; Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.; Lipinski, L.; Manuszkiewicz, H.; Qiu, Ping; Zhang, Jin Tao; Lin, Peng; Li, Xing Wei

2008-02-01

Given the practical impossibility of obtaining new precision Rh-0.5at%Fe resistance thermometers in recent years, the possible re-starting of the production of such thermometers in Yunnan (China) was explored by Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM). Ten prototypes of the new production were made available in early 2006. The paper reports the preliminary data from the testing performed to date on these prototypes at National Institute of Metrology (NIM) and Instytut Niskich Temperatur i Badan Strukturalnych (INTiBS). Although a problem with the alloy composition was detected, the reproducibility results on thermal cycling are very encouraging. Resistance-temperature ( R- T) characteristics below 30 K, though not identical with those of similar thermometers formerly available from Tinsley and VNIIFTRI, are still suitable for accurate metrology.

APMP Pilot Study on Transmittance Haze

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wen-Chun; Hwang, Jisoo; Koo, Annette; Wu, Houping; Leecharoen, Rojana; Yu, Hsueh-Ling

2018-02-01

Five NMIs within APMP, including CMS/ITRI, MSL, NIM, NIMT and KRISS from TCPR applied to the APMP technical committee initiative project for funding to carry out a pilot comparison of transmittance haze in 2012. The project started in 2014 and the final report was completed at the end of 2016. In this pilot comparison, three different haze standards were adopted, and transmittance haze for each standard was measured according to ASTM D1003 or ISO 14782. This paper presents the first results of an APMP pilot study of transmittance haze and the analysis of the variation among different haze measurement systems which are commonly used. The study shows that the variables such as sphere multiplier, transmittance distribution, fluorescence of samples and optical path of the incident beam cause discrepancies among NMIs and highlight deficiencies in current documentary standards.

Principal components analysis of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory in a nonclinical civilian sample.

PubMed

Sullivan, Karen A; Lurie, Janine K

2017-01-01

The study examined the component structure of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) under five different models. The evaluated models comprised the full NSI (NSI-22) and the NSI-20 (NSI minus two orphan items). A civilian nonclinical sample was used. The 575 volunteers were predominantly university students who screened negative for mild TBI. The study design was cross-sectional, with questionnaires administered online. The main measure was the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. Subscale, total and embedded validity scores were derived (the Validity-10, the LOW6, and the NIM5). In both models, the principal components analysis yielded two intercorrelated components (psychological and somatic/sensory) with acceptable internal consistency (alphas > 0.80). In this civilian nonclinical sample, the NSI had two underlying components. These components represent psychological and somatic/sensory neurobehavioral symptoms.

Nuclear Science Symposium, 21st, Scintillation and Semiconductor Counter Symposium, 14th, and Nuclear Power Systems Symposium, 6th, Washington, D.C., December 11-13, 1974, Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Papers are presented dealing with latest advances in the design of scintillation counters, semiconductor radiation detectors, gas and position sensitive radiation detectors, and the application of these detectors in biomedicine, satellite instrumentation, and environmental and reactor instrumentation. Some of the topics covered include entopistic scintillators, neutron spectrometry by diamond detector for nuclear radiation, the spherical drift chamber for X-ray imaging applications, CdTe detectors in radioimmunoassay analysis, CAMAC and NIM systems in the space program, a closed loop threshold calibrator for pulse height discriminators, an oriented graphite X-ray diffraction telescope, design of a continuous digital-output environmental radon monitor, and the optimization of nanosecond fission ion chambers for reactor physics. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over NiPd nanoparticle catalyst

PubMed Central

Wang, Mengnan; Zhang, Jiaguang; Yan, Ning

2013-01-01

The present research systematically investigated, for the first time, the transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over a series of Ni based metal nanoparticles (NPs). Ni NPs and eight NiM (M stands for a second metal) NPs were prepared by a facile wet chemical process and then their catalytic performance were evaluated in sodium bicarbonate hydrogenation. Bimetallic NiPd NPs with a composition of 7:3 were found to be superior for this reaction, which are more active than both pure Ni and Pd NPs. Hot filtration experiment suggested the NPs to be the truly catalytic active species and kinetic analysis indicated the reaction mechanism to be different than most homogeneous catalysts. The enhanced activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles may be attributed to their smaller size and improved stability. PMID:24790945

Digital Low Level RF Systems for Fermilab Main Ring and Tevatron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chase, B.; Barnes, B.; Meisner, K.

1997-05-01

At Fermilab, a new Low Level RF system is successfully installed and operating in the Main Ring. Installation is proceeding for a Tevatron system. This upgrade replaces aging CAMAC/NIM components for an increase in accuracy, reliability, and flexibility. These VXI systems are based on a custom three channel direct digital synthesizer(DDS) module. Each synthesizer channel is capable of independent or ganged operation for both frequency and phase modulation. New frequency and phase values are computed at a 100kHz rate on the module's Analog Devices ADSP21062 (SHARC) digital signal processor. The DSP concurrently handles feedforward, feedback, and beam manipulations. Higher level state machines and the control system interface are handled at the crate level using the VxWorks operating system. This paper discusses the hardware, software and operational aspects of these LLRF systems.

Report of the CCQM-K97: measurement of arsenobetaine standard solution and arsenobetaine content in fish tissue (tunafish)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, L. D.; Wang, J.; WEI, C.; Kuroiwa, T.; Narukawa, T.; Ito, N.; HIOKI, A.; CHIBA, K.; Yim, Y. H.; Lee, K. S.; Lim, Y. R.; Turk, G. C.; Davis, C. W.; Mester, Z.; Yang, L.; McCooeye, M.; Maxwell, P.; Cankur, O.; Tokman, N.; Coskun, F. G.

2017-01-01

The CCQM-K97 key comparison was organized by the inorganic analysis working group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P96 and P96.1 to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of arsenobetaine (AsB) in standard solution and in fish tissue. A pilot study CCQM-P133 was parallelized with this key comparison. National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) acted as the coordinating laboratories. Six NMIs participated in CCQM-K97 and two institutes participated in CCQM-P133, and all of them submitted the results. Some NMIs submitted more than one results by different methods. The results were in excellent agreement with each other, and obviously better than those of previous P96 and P96.1. Therefore the calibrant which each NMI used was comparable. It shows that the capabilities of some of the participants have been improved after the previous pilot studies. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Results for the response function determination of the Compact Neutron Spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gagnon-Moisan, F.; Reginatto, M.; Zimbal, A.

2012-03-01

The Compact Neutron Spectrometer (CNS) is a Joint European Torus (JET) Enhancement Project, designed for fusion diagnostics in different plasma scenarios. The CNS is based on a liquid scintillator (BC501A) which allows good discrimination between neutron and gamma radiation. Neutron spectrometry with a BC501A spectrometer requires the use of a reliable, fully characterized detector. The determination of the response matrix was carried out at the Ion Accelerator Facility (PIAF) of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). This facility provides several monoenergetic beams (2.5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 MeV) and a white field (Emax ~ 17 MeV), which allows for a full characterization of the spectrometer in the region of interest (from ~ 1.5 MeV to ~ 17 MeV). The energy of the incoming neutrons was determined by the time of flight method (TOF), with time resolution in the order of 1 ns. To check the response matrix, the measured pulse height spectra were unfolded with the code MAXED and the resulting energy distributions were compared with those obtained from TOF. The CNS project required modification of the PTB BC501A spectrometer design, to replace an analog data acquisition system (NIM modules) with a digital system developed by the Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA). Results for the new digital system were evaluated using new software developed specifically for this project.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamada, R.; Ambrosio, G.; Barzi, E.

Feasibility study of 15-Tesla dipole magnets wound with a new copper stabilized RHQT Nb{sub 3}Al Rutherford cable is presented. A new practical long copper stabilized RHQT Nb{sub 3}Al strand is presented, which is being developed and manufactured at the National Institute of Material Science (NIMS) in Japan. It has achieved a non-copper J{sub c} of 1000A/mm{sup 2} at 15 Tesla at 4.2K, with a copper over non-copper ratio of 1.04, and a filament size less than 50 microns. For this design study a short Rutherford cable with 28 Nb{sub 3}Al strands of 1 mm diameter will be fabricated late thismore » year. The cosine theta magnet cross section is designed using ROXIE, and the stress and strain in the coil is estimated and studied with the characteristics of the Nb{sub 3}Al strand. The advantages and disadvantages of the Nb{sub 3}Al cable are compared with the prevailing Nb{sub 3}Sn cable from the point of view of stress-strain, J{sub c}, and possible degradation of stabilizer due to cabling. The Nb{sub 3}Al coil of the magnet, which will be made by wind and react method, has to be heat treated at 800 degree C for 10 hours. As preparation for the 15 Tesla magnet, a series of tests on strand and Rutherford cables are considered.« less

The future of VIS-IR hyperspectral remote sensing for the exploration of the solar system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filacchione, Gianrico

2017-06-01

In the last 30 years our understanding of the Solar System has greatly advanced thanks to the introduction of VIS-IR imaging spectrometers which have provided hyperspectral views of planets, satellites, asteroids, comets and rings. By providing moderate resolution images and reflectance spectra for each pixel at the same time, these instruments allow to elaborate spectral-spatial models for very different targets: when used to observe surfaces, hyperspectral methods permit to retrieve endmembers composition (minerals, ices, organics, liquids), mixing state among endmembers (areal, intimate, intraparticle), physical properties (particle size, roughness, temperature) and to correlate these quantities with geological and morphological units. Similarly, morphological, dynamical and compositional studies of gaseous and aerosol species can be retrieved for planetary atmospheres, exospheres and auroras. To achieve these results, very different optical layouts, detectors technologies and observing techniques have been adopted in the last decades, going from very large and complex payloads, like ISM (IR Spectral Mapper) on russian mission Phobos to Mars and NIMS (Near IR Mapping Spectrometer) on US Galileo mission to Jupiter, which were the first hyperspectral imagers to flow aboard planetary missions, to more recent compact and performing experiments. The future of VIS-IR hyperspectral remote sensing is challenging because the complexity of modern planetary missions drives towards the realization of increasingly smaller, lighter and more performing payloads able to survive in harsh radiation and planetary protected environments or to operate from demanding platforms like landers, rovers and cubesats. As a development for future missions, one can foresee that apart instruments designed around well-consolidated optical solutions relying on prisms or gratings as dispersive elements, a new class of innovative hyperspectral imagers will rise: recent developments in Optomechatronics (the fusion of Optical and Mechatronic technologies) including the realization of linear variable filters, acusto-optic and liquid crystals tunable filters, micro-opto-mechanical systems (MOEMS) open the possibility to realize completely new imaging spectrometers designs for planetary exploration. The resulting miniaturization of optical and dispers! ive elements with VIS-IR detectors open pathways towards more integrated and compact instruments. Parallel to those developments it will be necessary to develop also new test and calibration setups to be used to characterize this new instrumentation during AIV-AIT phases.

APMP comparison on luminous flux units (APMP.PR-K4)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, H.; Lin, Y. D.; Yang, C. Z.; Yu, J.

2018-01-01

During the 18th APMP meeting in 2004, TCPR agreed that the luminous flux should be one of the several regional comparisons to be conducted in the field of photometry and radiometry, and the project was named as APMP.PR-K4. Nine laboratories took part in this comparison. A group of LF 200W lamps (no less than three) was used as transfer artifacts by each participant. The National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) acted as the pilot laboratory. Presented in this report are the detailed procedures and results of the work. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

An Interview with Matthew P. Greving, PhD. Interview by Vicki Glaser.

PubMed

Greving, Matthew P

2011-10-01

Matthew P. Greving is Chief Scientific Officer at Nextval Inc., a company founded in early 2010 that has developed a discovery platform called MassInsight™.. He received his PhD in Biochemistry from Arizona State University, and prior to that he spent nearly 7 years working as a software engineer. This experience in solving complex computational problems fueled his interest in developing technologies and algorithms related to acquisition and analysis of high-dimensional biochemical data. To address the existing problems associated with label-based microarray readouts, he beganwork on a technique for label-free mass spectrometry (MS) microarray readout compatible with both matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) and matrix-free nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS). This is the core of Nextval’s MassInsight technology, which utilizes picoliter noncontact deposition of high-density arrays on mass-readout substrates along with computational algorithms for high-dimensional data processingand reduction.

"Active" and "Passive" Lava Resurfacing Processes on Io: A Comparative Study of Loki Patera and Prometheus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davies, A. G.; Matson, D. L.; Leone, G.; Wilson, L.; Keszthelyi, L. P.

2004-01-01

Studies of Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data and ground based data of volcanism at Prometheus and Loki Patera on Io reveal very different mechanisms of lava emplacement at these two volcanoes. Data analyses show that the periodic nature of Loki Patera s volcanism from 1990 to 2001 is strong evidence that Loki s resurfacing over this period resulted from the foundering of a crust on a lava lake. This process is designated passive , as there is no reliance on sub-surface processes: the foundering of the crust is inevitable. Prometheus, on the other hand, displays an episodicity in its activity which we designate active . Like Kilauea, a close analog, Prometheus s effusive volcanism is dominated by pulses of magma through the nearsurface plumbing system. Each system affords views of lava resurfacing processes through modelling.

Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectra of Five-Coordinate Imidazole-ligated Iron(II) Porphyrinates

PubMed Central

Hu, Chuanjiang; Barabanschikov, Alexander; Ellison, Mary K.; Zhao, Jiyong; Alp, E. Ercan; Sturhahn, Wolfgang; Zgierski, Marek Z.; Sage, J. Timothy; Scheidt, W. Robert

2012-01-01

Nuclear resonance vibrational spectra have been obtained for six five-coordinate imidazole-ligated iron(II) porphyrinates, [Fe(Por)(L)] (Por = tetraphenylporphyrinate, octaethylporphyrinate, tetratolylporphyrinate or protoporphyrinate IX and L = 2-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole). Measurements have been made on both powder and oriented crystal samples. The spectra are dominated by strong signals around 200–300 cm−1. Although the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations are seriously overlapped, oriented crystal spectra allow their deconvolution. Thus, oriented crystal experimental data, along with DFT calculations, enable the assignment of key vibrations in the spectra. Molecular dynamics are also discussed. The nature of the Fe–NIm vibrations has been elaborated further than was possible from resonance Raman studies. Our study suggests that the Fe motions are coupled with the porphyrin core and peripheral groups motions. Both peripheral groups and their conformations have significant influence on the vibrational spectra (position and shape). PMID:22243131

Behavior of S.A.P. in the Mercury Catalyzed Nitric Acid Dissolution; COMPORTAMENTO DEL S.A.P. ALL'ATTACCO DI SOLUZIONI DI ACIDO NITRICO E NITRATO MERCURICO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beone, G.

1963-10-01

Plates of S.A.P. (sintered Aluminum Powder) were dissolved under different conditions in a nitric acid solution containing mercuric nitrate as a catalyst. These experiments nim at establishing a head-end dissolution process for S.A.P. cladded uranium oxide fuels. The results of preliminary dissolution experiments on simulated fuel rods are also described. The behavior of S.A.P. in the mercury catalyzed nitric acid dissolutions differs strongly from the behavior of aluminum: reaction rates are very low for S.A.P. and the dissolution time borders on being unacceptable in an industrial process. Settling rates of suspended alumina are however favorable. A tentative head end flowsheetmore » lay out for PRO second core fuel elements is included. (auth)« less

Structures with negative index of refraction

DOEpatents

Soukoulis, Costas M [Ames, IA; Zhou, Jiangfeng [Ames, IA; Koschny, Thomas [Ames, IA; Zhang, Lei [Ames, IA; Tuttle, Gary [Ames, IA

2011-11-08

The invention provides simplified negative index materials (NIMs) using wire-pair structures, 4-gap single ring split-ring resonator (SRR), fishnet structures and overleaf capacitor SRR. In the wire-pair arrangement, a pair of short parallel wires and continuous wires are used. In the 4-gap single-ring SRR, the SRRs are centered on the faces of a cubic unit cell combined with a continuous wire type resonator. Combining both elements creates a frequency band where the metamaterial is transparent with simultaneously negative .di-elect cons. and .mu.. In the fishnet structure, a metallic mesh on both sides of the dielectric spacer is used. The overleaf capacitor SRR changes the gap capacities to small plate capacitors by making the sections of the SRR ring overlap at the gaps separated by a thin dielectric film. This technique is applicable to conventional SRR gaps but it best deploys for the 4-gap single-ring structures.

Nads FSK Modem, LEA 74-2248

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, K.R.

1976-01-12

The Nads FSK Modem is a compact unit designed to operate in conjunction with EIA standard interfacing and the data terminal equipment of the 1200 Baud digital communications network of the Nevada Automated Diagnostics System (NADS). The modem is constructed in a Nuclear Instrumentation Module System (NIMS) module for compatability with the NADS system. The modulator section of the modem accepts serial, digital signals at 1200 Baud which may be either standard TTL levels or bipolar signals meeting either the EIA RS-232C or RS-232B standards. The output of the modulator is a Frequency-Shift Keyed (FSK) signal having frequencies of 2.2more » kHz for Mark and 1.2 kHz for Space. The demodulator section accepts the above FSK signal as input, and outputs serial, digital signals at 1200 Baud at either TTL or EIA RS-232C levels. Specifications and operation and calibration instructions are given. (WHK)« less

Modeling Systematic Error Effects for a Sensitive Storage Ring EDM Polarimeter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stephenson, Edward; Imig, Astrid

2009-10-01

The Storage Ring EDM Collaboration has obtained a set of measurements detailing the sensitivity of a storage ring polarimeter for deuterons to small geometrical and rate changes. Various schemes, such as the calculation of the cross ratio [1], can cancel effects due to detector acceptance differences and luminosity differences for states of opposite polarization. Such schemes fail at second-order in the errors, becoming sensitive to geometrical changes, polarization magnitude differences between opposite polarization states, and changes to the detector response with changing data rates. An expansion of the polarimeter response in a Taylor series based on small errors about the polarimeter operating point can parametrize such effects, primarily in terms of the logarithmic derivatives of the cross section and analyzing power. A comparison will be made to measurements obtained with the EDDA detector at COSY-J"ulich. [4pt] [1] G.G. Ohlsen and P.W. Keaton, Jr., NIM 109, 41 (1973).

Path Entanglement of Continuous-Variable Quantum Microwaves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menzel, E. P.; Deppe, F.; Eder, P.; Zhong, L.; Haeberlein, M.; Baust, A.; Hoffmann, E.; Marx, A.; Gross, R.; di Candia, R.; Solano, E.; Ballester, D.; Ihmig, M.; Inomata, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Nakamura, Y.

2013-03-01

Entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon playing a key role in quantum communication and information processing protocols. Here, we report on frequency-degenerate entanglement between continuous-variable quantum microwaves propagating along two separated paths. In our experiment, we combine a squeezed and a vacuum state via a beam splitter. Overcoming the challenges imposed by the low photon energies in the microwave regime, we reconstruct the squeezed state and, independently from this, detect and quantify the produced entanglement via correlation measurements (E. P. Menzel et al., arXiv:1210.4413). Our work paves the way towards quantum communication and teleportation with continuous variables in the microwave regime. This work is supported by SFB 631, German Excellence Initiative via NIM, EU projects SOLID, CCQED and PROMISCE, MEXT Kakenhi ``Quantum Cybernetics'', JSPS FIRST Program, the NICT Commissioned Research, EPSRC EP/H050434/1, Basque Government IT472-10, and Spanish MICINN FIS2009-12773-C02-01.

Volcanic ash observed over Poland, April 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietruczuk, Aleksander; Krzyścin, Janusz; Jarosławski, Janusz; Podgórski, Jerzy

2010-05-01

We present analyses of the results of the ground-based measurements of the aerosols at Belsk - Central Geophysical Observatory Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences (IGF PAS) after eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano. The lidar and Sun-photometric result are compared to model simulations by the Norwegian Institute of Meteorology (NIM), Oslo, Norway. Our measurements show presence of aerosol layers in free troposphere mainly 16 -17 April and 23 April when presence of ash cloud is predicted by the model. However, contribution of that layers to aerosol optical depth (AOD) is rather weak. Variability of AOD during measurements period is small and does not exceed overall mean for April. Aerosol microphysical properties, like size distribution, measured after eruption is typical for advection of clear air form northern Europe. Small fine mode is observed during whole period and only 16 and 17 Aril small increase of coarse mode was found.

EDITORIAL: STAM celebrates its 10th anniversary STAM celebrates its 10th anniversary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ushioda, Sukekatsu

2010-02-01

I would like to extend my warmest greetings to the readers and staff of Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM), on the occasion of its 10th anniversary. Launched in 2000, STAM marks this year an important milestone in its history. This is a great occasion to celebrate. STAM was founded by Tsuyoshi Masumoto in collaboration with Teruo Kishi and Toyonobu Yoshida as a world-class resource for the materials science community. It was initially supported by several materials research societies and was published as a regular peer-reviewed journal. Significant changes occurred in 2008, when the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) became solely responsible for all the costs of maintaining the journal. STAM was transformed into an open-access journal published by NIMS in partnership with IOP Publishing. As a result, the publication charges were waived and the entire STAM content, including all back issues, became freely accessible through the IOP Publishing website. The transition has made STAM more competitive and successful in global publication communities, with innovative ideas and approaches. The journal has also changed its publication strategy, aiming to publish a limited number of high-quality articles covering the frontiers of materials science. Special emphasis has been placed on reviews and focus issues, providing recent summaries of hot materials science topics. Publication has become electronic only; however, selected issues are printed and freely distributed at major international scientific events. The Editorial Board has been expanded to include leading experts from all over the world and, together with the Editorial Office, the board members are doing their best to transform STAM into a leading materials science journal. These efforts are paying off, as shown by the rapidly increasing number of article downloads and citations in 2009. I believe that the STAM audience can not only deepen their knowledge in their own specialties but also broaden their horizons in materials science. Ten years of publishing is a significant period for a journal, and STAM has reached an age of maturity. I am certain that STAM will continue to provide important and useful information to its readers for many years to come. Please accept my best wishes for every success in the future.

Late Permian Tsunamites in Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) - revisited and rejected

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krystyn, Leopold; Horacek, Micha; Brandner, Rainer; Parcha, Suraj

2014-05-01

Recent claims for tsunami-related event beds induced by the Siberian Trap basalts in this section (Brookfield et al., 2013) have to be questioned. Identical storm generated carbonate beds occur not only during a short interval close to the Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary but through a major part of the late Permian (Changhsingian) succession there - as low as 26 m below the so-called tsunami beds. Moreover, during our recent study in a closely neighbouring place called Mandakpal (less than 10 km to the southeast), no signs of tsunamites have been detected in time-correlative finegrained sediments. Based on sedimentary and trace fossil evidence we interpret the late Permian of Guryul as relatively shallow, neritic and delta-influenced. The so-called tsunamites are shelly-enriched discontinuous carbonate lenses fed downslope through local channels. Judging from the distinct facies change from the storm related "tsunamites" to thinly bedded mud turbidites above, the sudden deepening may be explained by local and still rift-related tectonics along the NIM (North-Indian Gondwana Margin) which led to episodic seismic induced sediment redeposition in the area of Guryul. Synsedimentary tectonic activity with tilting and eventual Horst and Graben structure building along the large NIM is indicated by margin inversion during the P-T boundary interval leading to sedimentary breaks and 20 times thinner, condensed limestone deposits far offshore from Guryul in Spiti (Krystyn et al., 2004) and Tibet (Orchard et al., 1994). Thus, local seismic activity seems to be a far more logic explanation of the Guryul "tsunamites" than the eruption of the Siberian Traps more than 6000 km away. References Brookfield, M. E., Algeo, T. J., Hannigan, R., Williams, J and Bhat, G. M., 2013: Shaken and Stirred: Seismites and Tsunamites at the Permian-Triassic boundary, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir, India. Palaios, v. 28, 568-582. Krystyn, L., Balini, M. and Nicora, A., 2004: Lower and Middle Triassic stage boundaries in Spiti. Albertiana, v. 30, 40-53. Orchard, M.J., Nassichuk, W.W., Rui Lin, 1994: Conodonts from the lower Griesbachian Otoceras latilobatum Bed of Selong, Tibet and the position of the Permian-Triassic boundary. In: Pangea: Global Environments and Resources, Memoirs of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, vol. 17, 823-843.

Operating characteristics of six response distortion indicators for the personality assessment inventory.

PubMed

Morey, L C; Lanier, V W

1998-09-01

The characteristics of six different indicators of response distortion on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) were evaluated by having college students complete the PAI under positive impression management, malingering, and honest responding conditions. The six indicators were the PAI Positive Impression (PIM) and Negative Impression (NIM) scales, the Malingering and Defensiveness Indexes, and two discriminant functions, one developed by Cashel and the other by Rogers. Protocols of students asked to malinger were compared with those of actual clinical patients, while protocols of students asked to manage their impression in a positive direction were compared with those of students asked to respond honestly. Comparisons between groups were accomplished through the examination of effect sizes and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. All six indicators demonstrated the ability to distinguish between actual and feigned responding. The Rogers function was particularly effective in identifying malingering. The Cashel function was less effective than other measures in identifying positive impression management, although it appears to also have promise as an indicator of malingering.

The Role of the Technical Specialist in Disaster Response and Recovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Curtis, J. C.

2017-12-01

Technical Specialists provide scientific expertise for making operational decisions during natural hazards emergencies. Technical Specialists are important members of any Incident Management Team (IMT) as is described in in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) that has been designed to respond to emergencies. Safety for the responders and the threatened population is the foremost consideration in command decisions and objectives, and the Technical Specialist is on scene and in the command post to support and promote safety while aiding decisions for incident objectives. The Technical Specialist's expertise can also support plans, logistics, and even finance as well as operations. This presentation will provide actual examples of the value of on-scene Technical Specialists, using National Weather Service "Decision Support Meteorologists" and "Incident Meteorologists". These examples will demonstrate the critical role of scientists that are trained in advising and presenting life-critical analysis and forecasts during emergencies. A case will be made for local, state, and/or a national registry of trained and deployment-ready scientists that can support emergency response.

Utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory for Detecting Malingered ADHD in College Students.

PubMed

Musso, Mandi W; Hill, Benjamin D; Barker, Alyse A; Pella, Russell D; Gouvier, Wm Drew

2016-09-01

The purpose of the current study is to examine the utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) for detecting feigned ADHD in college students. A sample of 238 undergraduate students was recruited and asked to simulate ADHD (ADHD simulators) or respond honestly (controls) on the PAI. Archival data (n = 541) from individuals diagnosed with clinical ADHD, no diagnosis, learning disorder, mood/anxiety, comorbid ADHD-mood/anxiety, or suspect effort were used. Few individuals scored above the cutoffs on PAI validity scales. When alternative cutoff scores were examined, cutoffs of ≥77 on the Negative Impression Management (NIM) scale, ≥3 on the Malingering Index (MAL), and ≥1 on the Rogers Discriminant Function (RDF) yielded excellent specificity in all groups and sensitivities of .33, .30, and .20, respectively. Individuals who were asked to simulate ADHD easily manipulate the PAI; however, alternative cutoff scores proposed for PAI validity indices may improve the detection of feigned ADHD symptoms. © The Author(s) 2014.

Precise and continuous time and frequency synchronisation at the 5×10⁻¹⁹ accuracy level.

PubMed

Wang, B; Gao, C; Chen, W L; Miao, J; Zhu, X; Bai, Y; Zhang, J W; Feng, Y Y; Li, T C; Wang, L J

2012-01-01

The synchronisation of time and frequency between remote locations is crucial for many important applications. Conventional time and frequency dissemination often makes use of satellite links. Recently, the communication fibre network has become an attractive option for long-distance time and frequency dissemination. Here, we demonstrate accurate frequency transfer and time synchronisation via an 80 km fibre link between Tsinghua University (THU) and the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). Using a 9.1 GHz microwave modulation and a timing signal carried by two continuous-wave lasers and transferred across the same 80 km urban fibre link, frequency transfer stability at the level of 5×10⁻¹⁹/day was achieved. Time synchronisation at the 50 ps precision level was also demonstrated. The system is reliable and has operated continuously for several months. We further discuss the feasibility of using such frequency and time transfer over 1000 km and its applications to long-baseline radio astronomy.

Precise and Continuous Time and Frequency Synchronisation at the 5×10-19 Accuracy Level

PubMed Central

Wang, B.; Gao, C.; Chen, W. L.; Miao, J.; Zhu, X.; Bai, Y.; Zhang, J. W.; Feng, Y. Y.; Li, T. C.; Wang, L. J.

2012-01-01

The synchronisation of time and frequency between remote locations is crucial for many important applications. Conventional time and frequency dissemination often makes use of satellite links. Recently, the communication fibre network has become an attractive option for long-distance time and frequency dissemination. Here, we demonstrate accurate frequency transfer and time synchronisation via an 80 km fibre link between Tsinghua University (THU) and the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). Using a 9.1 GHz microwave modulation and a timing signal carried by two continuous-wave lasers and transferred across the same 80 km urban fibre link, frequency transfer stability at the level of 5×10−19/day was achieved. Time synchronisation at the 50 ps precision level was also demonstrated. The system is reliable and has operated continuously for several months. We further discuss the feasibility of using such frequency and time transfer over 1000 km and its applications to long-baseline radio astronomy. PMID:22870385

[Sleep disordered breathing in group A xeroderma pigmentosum].

PubMed

Kouji, T; Kumada, S; Kohyama, J; Shimohira, M; Iwakawa, Y

1994-07-01

We studied sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in 12 patients with group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) by means of respiratory inductive plethysmography (Respisomnograph:Nims) during polysomnographical examination. The subjects were 6 male and 6 female patients aged from 10 months to 25 years. Four out of the subjects had SDB:3 showed sleep apnea (apnea index ranged from 5.2 to 44.2/h) and 1 presented desaturation during sleep (desaturation time per total sleep time was 4.3%). All these patients were over 12 years. The patients below 14 years had mainly the central type of SDB, and the others aged over 16 years had both the central and obstructive types of SDB. Three of the 4 patients had daytime sleepiness or restless sleep, which seemed to be due to SDB. We discussed the pathophysiology of SDB with XP in relation with brain stem function and peripheral neuropathy. We must pay attention to SDB in patients with XP aged over 12 years.

Development of a Simple Positron Age-Momentum Setup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheffield, Thomas; Quarles, C. A.

2009-04-01

A positron age-momentum setup that uses NIM Bin electronic modules and a conventional multichannel analyzer (MCA) is described. The essential idea is to accumulate a Doppler broadened spectrum (sensitive to the annihilation electron momentum) using a high purity Germanium detector in coincidence with a BaF2 scintillation counter, which also serves as the stop signal in a conventional positron lifetime setup. The MCA that collects the Doppler spectrum is gated by a selected region of the lifetime spectrum. Thus we can obtain Doppler broadening spectra as a function of positron lifetime: an age-momentum spectrum. The apparatus has been used so far to investigate a ZnO sample where the size of different vacancy trapping sites may affect the positron lifetime and the Doppler broadening spectrum. We are also looking at polymer and rubber carbon-black composite samples where differences in the Doppler spectrum may arise from positron trapping or positronium formation in the samples. Correction for background and contribution from the positron source itself to the Doppler spectrum will be discussed.

Direct Structural and Chemical Characterization of the Photolytic Intermediates of Methylcobalamin Using Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Subramanian, Ganesh; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Kodis, Gerdenis

Cobalt-carbon bond cleavage is crucial to most natural and synthetic applications of the cobalamin class of compounds, and here we present the first direct electronic and geometric structural characteristics of intermediates formed following photoexcitation of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) using time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We catch transients corresponding to two intermediates, in the hundreds of picoseconds and a few microseconds. Highlights of the picosecond intermediate, which is reduced in comparison to the ground state, are elongation of the upper axial Co-C bond and relaxation of the corrin ring. This is not so with the recombining photocleaved products captured at a fewmore » microseconds, where the Co-C bond almost (yet not entirely) reverts to its ground state configuration and a substantially elongated lower axial Co-NIm bond is observed. The reduced cobalt site here confirms formation of methyl radical as the photoproduct.« less

Use of a cable-based system for observing the heterogeneity of vegetation communities in arctic tundra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahrends, H. E.; Oberbauer, S. F.; Tweedie, C.; Hollister, R. D.

2010-12-01

Knowledge of changing tundra vegetation and its response to climate variability is critical for understanding the land-atmosphere-interactions for the Arctic and the global system. However, vegetation characteristics, such as phenology, structure and species composition, are characterized by an extreme heterogeneity at a small scale. Manual observations of these variables are highly time-consuming, labor intensive, subjective, and disturbing to the vegetation. In contrast, recently developed robotic systems (networked infomechanical systems, NIMS) allow for performing non-intrusive spatially integrated measurements of vegetation communities. Within the ITEX (International Tundra Experiment) AON (Arctic Observation Network) project we installed a cable-based sensor system, running over a transect of approximately 50 m length and 2 m width, at two long-term arctic research sites in Alaska. The trolley was initially equipped with instruments recording the distance to vegetation canopy, up- and downwelling short- and longwave radiation, air and surface temperature and spectral reflection. We aim to study the thermal and spectral response of the vegetation communities over a wide range of ecosystem types. We expect that automated observations, covering the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and surface characteristics, can give a deeper insight in ecosystem functioning and vegetation response to climate. The data can be used for scaling up vegetation characteristics derived from manual measurements and for linking them to aircraft and satellite data and to carbon, water and surface energy budgets measured at the ecosystem scale. Sampling errors due to cable sag are correctable and effects of wind-driven movements can be offset by repeat measurements. First hand-pulled test measurements during summer 2010 show strong heterogeneity of the observation parameters and a variable spectral and thermal response of the plants within the transects. Differences support the importance of our approach for upscaling purposes and for a comprehensive understanding of the arctic biome.

PREFACE: 19th International Conference on the Application of High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics and Nanotechnology (HMF-19)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muraki, Koji; Takeyama, Shojiro

2011-12-01

This volume contains invited and contributed papers from the 19th International Conference on the Application of High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics and Nanotechnology (HMF-19) held in Fukuoka, Japan, from 1-6 August 2010. This conference was mainly sponsored by the Tokyo University-'Horiba International fund', which was donated by Dr Masao Horiba, the founder of Horiba Ltd. The scientific program of HMF-19 consisted of 37 invited talks, 24 contributed talks, and 83 posters, which is available from the conference homepage http://www.hmf19.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index.html. Each manuscript submitted for publication in this volume has been independently reviewed. The Editor is very grateful to all the reviewers for their quick responses and helpful reports and to all the authors for their submissions and patience for the delay in the editorial process. Finally, the Editor would like to express his sincere gratitude to all the individuals involved in the conference organization and all the attendees, who made this conference so successful. Koji Muraki Conference photograph Committees Chair Conference chairS Takeyama(ISSP-UT) Conference secretary T Machida (IIS-UT) Program chair K Muraki (NTT) Local organizing chair K Oto (Chiba Univ.) Advisory Committee International Domestic L Brey (ES) T Ando (TIT) Z H Chen (CN) Y Hirayama (Tohoku Univ.) S Das Sarma (US) G Kido (NIMS) L Eaves (GB) N Miura (JP) J P Eisenstein (US) J Nitta (Tohoku Univ.) K Ensslin (CH) T Takamasu (NIMS) J Furdyna (US) G M Gusev (BR) I Kukushkin (RU) Z D Kvon (RU) G Landwehr (DE) J C Maan (NL) A H MacDonald (US) N F Oliveira Jr (BR) A Pinczuk (US) J C Portal (FR) A Sachrajda (CA) M K Sanyal(IN) R Stepniewski(PL) Program Committee Chair: K Muraki(NTT) International Domestic G Bauer (AU) H Ajiki (Osaka Univ.) G Boebinger (US) H Aoki (Hongo, UT) S Ivanov (RU) K Nomura (RIKEN) K von Klitzing (DE) T Okamoto (Hongo, UT) R Nicholas (GB) T Osada (ISSP-UT ) M Potemski (FR) N Studart (BR) U Zeitler (NL) Local Organizing Committee Chair: K Oto(Chiba Univ.) Y H Matsuda (ISSP-UT) H Yokoi (Kumamoto Univ.) M Itoh (IIS-UT) M Noda (ISSP-UT) H Sawabe (ISSP-UT) Sponsors Horiba International Conference (Dr Masao Horiba's Donation) The University of Tokyo Fukuoka City The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo The Global Center of Excellence for Physical Sciences Frontier, The University of Tokyo

Magnetospheric ion sputtering and water ice grain size at Europa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassidy, T. A.; Paranicas, C. P.; Shirley, J. H.; Dalton, J. B., III; Teolis, B. D.; Johnson, R. E.; Kamp, L.; Hendrix, A. R.

2013-03-01

We present the first calculation of Europa's sputtering (ion erosion) rate as a function of position on Europa's surface. We find a global sputtering rate of 2×1027 H2O s-1, some of which leaves the surface in the form of O2 and H2. The calculated O2 production rate is 1×1026 O2 s-1, H2 production is twice that value. The total sputtering rate (including all species) peaks at the trailing hemisphere apex and decreases to about 1/3rd of the peak value at the leading hemisphere apex. O2 and H2 sputtering, by contrast, is confined almost entirely to the trailing hemisphere. Most sputtering is done by energetic sulfur ions (100s of keV to MeV), but most of the O2 and H2 production is done by cold oxygen ions (temperature ∼ 100 eV, total energy ∼ 500 eV). As a part of the sputtering rate calculation we compared experimental sputtering yields with analytic estimates. We found that the experimental data are well approximated by the expressions of Famá et al. for ions with energies less than 100 keV (Famá, M., Shi, J., Baragiola, R.A., 2008. Sputtering of ice by low-energy ions. Surf. Sci. 602, 156-161), while the expressions from Johnson et al. fit the data best at higher energies (Johnson, R.E., Burger, M.H., Cassidy, T.A., Leblanc, F., Marconi, M., Smyth, W.H., 2009. Composition and Detection of Europa's Sputter-Induced Atmosphere, in: Pappalardo, R.T., McKinnon, W.B., Khurana, K.K. (Eds.), Europa. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.). We compare the calculated sputtering rate with estimates of water ice regolith grain size as estimated from Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data, and find that they are strongly correlated as previously suggested by Clark et al. (Clark, R.N., Fanale, F.P., Zent, A.P., 1983. Frost grain size metamorphism: Implications for remote sensing of planetary surfaces. Icarus 56, 233-245.). The mechanism responsible for the sputtering rate/grain size link is uncertain. We also report a surface composition estimate using NIMS data from an area on the trailing hemisphere apex. We find a high abundance of sulfuric acid hydrate and radiation-resistant hydrated salts along with large water ice regolith grains, all of which are consistent with the high levels of magnetospheric bombardment at the trailing apex.

ALTERNATIVES TO HELIUM-3 FOR NEUTRON MULTIPLICITY DETECTORS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ely, James H.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Swinhoe, Martyn T.

Collaboration between the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is underway to evaluate neutron detection technologies that might replace the high-pressure helium (3He) tubes currently used in neutron multiplicity counter for safeguards applications. The current stockpile of 3He is diminishing and alternatives are needed for a variety of neutron detection applications including multiplicity counters. The first phase of this investigation uses a series of Monte Carlo calculations to simulate the performance of an existing neutron multiplicity counter configuration by replacing the 3He tubes in a model for that counter with candidate alternative technologies. Thesemore » alternative technologies are initially placed in approximately the same configuration as the 3He tubes to establish a reference level of performance against the 3He-based system. After these reference-level results are established, the configurations of the alternative models will be further modified for performance optimization. The 3He model for these simulations is the one used by LANL to develop and benchmark the Epithermal Neutron Multiplicity Counter (ENMC) detector, as documented by H.O. Menlove, et al. in the 2004 LANL report LA-14088. The alternative technologies being evaluated are the boron-tri-fluoride-filled proportional tubes, boron-lined tubes, and lithium coated materials previously tested as possible replacements in portal monitor screening applications, as documented by R.T. Kouzes, et al. in the 2010 PNNL report PNNL-72544 and NIM A 623 (2010) 1035–1045. The models and methods used for these comparative calculations will be described and preliminary results shown« less

Injectable caltrop fruit saponin protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain.

PubMed

Yan, Ling-Geng; Lu, Yin; Zheng, Shi-Zhong; Wang, Ai-Yun; Li, Meng-Qiu; Ruan, Jun-Shan; Zhang, Lei

2011-01-01

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of injectable caltrop fruit saponin preparation (ICFSP) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Rats were injected with ICFSP and then subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Then the neurological deficit score was evaluated by Bederson's method. The infarct size was assessed by TTC staining. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat cerebrum were measured with kits, and the content of 6 K prostaglandin F1α (6-K-PGF 1α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin (ET) in blood plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results demonstrated that ICFSP led to a decrease in infarct size (p < 0.01), neurological deficit score (p < 0.05) and plasma content of TXB2 and ET (p < 0.05), and an increase of the plasma level of 6-K-PGF 1α (p < 0.05) and SOD activity in cerebrum, where the MDA and NO content were decreased. The treatment improved forelimb function. ICFSP showed a similar potency compared to that of Ligustrazine hydrochloride parenteral solution (LHPS) and nimodipine (Nim). We concluded that ICFSP protects the brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and this may be closely related to the regulation of reactive oxygen species (MDA and SOD activity) and NO levels in the rat cerebrum, as well as vasoactive factors in the plasma (6-K-PGF 1α, TXB2 and ET).

High Aerosol Concentration cases measured at Vessel Gisang 1 over the Yellow Sea during KORUS-AQ Campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryoo, S. B.; Yun Kyu, L.; Lee, H. C.; Cha, J. W.

2017-12-01

ADAM-Haze (Asian Dust and Haze Model) model of NIMS (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) /KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) was used to assess the high aerosol mass concentration cases for the cruise area using research vessel Gisang 1 over the Yellow sea during KORUS-AQ (Korea-United States Air Quality Study) campaign in 2016. In order to simplify the analysis of the route of the air mass, it is classified into five categories according to the regional characteristics of the pollution sources.(I: Around inner Mongolia and Beijing regions in China, II: Around Liaoning province in China and North Korea, III: Around South Korea and Japan, IV: Around East China sea, V: Around Shandong Peninsula and Shanghai regions in China.) using by the HYSPLIT 4 model developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Air Resources Laboratory. The most frequent airborne trajectories were category V, which accounted for 32% of the total. The category I, II, and III also accounted for 19%, 21% and 26% , respectively. That means the atmospheric aerosol over the Yellow sea during the campaign was affected about 70% from China and 26% from South Korea. To clearly investigate the transport process, ADAM-Haze model separately ran for dust and non-dust cases over the Yellow sea during the cruise. For example, the model showed the Asian dust influenced the vessel observations with pollutants on May 7 2016 in I category and strong haze from Shandong peninsula in China attributed to them on May 29 2016 in V category. In addition, the comparison of the vessel observation with the model out is under study and the source apportionment will be implemented by using numerical method such as DDM (Decoupled Direct Method) calculation. Therefore, we will show you the results for the comparison and DDM calculation as well as detail results of the evaluating model performance in the conference.

Integral methods of solving boundary-value problems of nonstationary heat conduction and their comparative analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kot, V. A.

2017-11-01

The modern state of approximate integral methods used in applications, where the processes of heat conduction and heat and mass transfer are of first importance, is considered. Integral methods have found a wide utility in different fields of knowledge: problems of heat conduction with different heat-exchange conditions, simulation of thermal protection, Stefantype problems, microwave heating of a substance, problems on a boundary layer, simulation of a fluid flow in a channel, thermal explosion, laser and plasma treatment of materials, simulation of the formation and melting of ice, inverse heat problems, temperature and thermal definition of nanoparticles and nanoliquids, and others. Moreover, polynomial solutions are of interest because the determination of a temperature (concentration) field is an intermediate stage in the mathematical description of any other process. The following main methods were investigated on the basis of the error norms: the Tsoi and Postol’nik methods, the method of integral relations, the Gudman integral method of heat balance, the improved Volkov integral method, the matched integral method, the modified Hristov method, the Mayer integral method, the Kudinov method of additional boundary conditions, the Fedorov boundary method, the method of weighted temperature function, the integral method of boundary characteristics. It was established that the two last-mentioned methods are characterized by high convergence and frequently give solutions whose accuracy is not worse that the accuracy of numerical solutions.

[Development method of healthcare information system integration based on business collaboration model].

PubMed

Li, Shasha; Nie, Hongchao; Lu, Xudong; Duan, Huilong

2015-02-01

Integration of heterogeneous systems is the key to hospital information construction due to complexity of the healthcare environment. Currently, during the process of healthcare information system integration, people participating in integration project usually communicate by free-format document, which impairs the efficiency and adaptability of integration. A method utilizing business process model and notation (BPMN) to model integration requirement and automatically transforming it to executable integration configuration was proposed in this paper. Based on the method, a tool was developed to model integration requirement and transform it to integration configuration. In addition, an integration case in radiology scenario was used to verify the method.

Comparison of Three Different Methods for Pile Integrity Testing on a Cylindrical Homogeneous Polyamide Specimen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lugovtsova, Y. D.; Soldatov, A. I.

2016-01-01

Three different methods for pile integrity testing are proposed to compare on a cylindrical homogeneous polyamide specimen. The methods are low strain pile integrity testing, multichannel pile integrity testing and testing with a shaker system. Since the low strain pile integrity testing is well-established and standardized method, the results from it are used as a reference for other two methods.

Multiple methods integration for structural mechanics analysis and design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Housner, J. M.; Aminpour, M. A.

1991-01-01

A new research area of multiple methods integration is proposed for joining diverse methods of structural mechanics analysis which interact with one another. Three categories of multiple methods are defined: those in which a physical interface are well defined; those in which a physical interface is not well-defined, but selected; and those in which the interface is a mathematical transformation. Two fundamental integration procedures are presented that can be extended to integrate various methods (e.g., finite elements, Rayleigh Ritz, Galerkin, and integral methods) with one another. Since the finite element method will likely be the major method to be integrated, its enhanced robustness under element distortion is also examined and a new robust shell element is demonstrated.

Improved accuracy for finite element structural analysis via an integrated force method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patnaik, S. N.; Hopkins, D. A.; Aiello, R. A.; Berke, L.

1992-01-01

A comparative study was carried out to determine the accuracy of finite element analyses based on the stiffness method, a mixed method, and the new integrated force and dual integrated force methods. The numerical results were obtained with the following software: MSC/NASTRAN and ASKA for the stiffness method; an MHOST implementation method for the mixed method; and GIFT for the integrated force methods. The results indicate that on an overall basis, the stiffness and mixed methods present some limitations. The stiffness method generally requires a large number of elements in the model to achieve acceptable accuracy. The MHOST method tends to achieve a higher degree of accuracy for course models than does the stiffness method implemented by MSC/NASTRAN and ASKA. The two integrated force methods, which bestow simultaneous emphasis on stress equilibrium and strain compatibility, yield accurate solutions with fewer elements in a model. The full potential of these new integrated force methods remains largely unexploited, and they hold the promise of spawning new finite element structural analysis tools.

The integrative review: updated methodology.

PubMed

Whittemore, Robin; Knafl, Kathleen

2005-12-01

The aim of this paper is to distinguish the integrative review method from other review methods and to propose methodological strategies specific to the integrative review method to enhance the rigour of the process. Recent evidence-based practice initiatives have increased the need for and the production of all types of reviews of the literature (integrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and qualitative reviews). The integrative review method is the only approach that allows for the combination of diverse methodologies (for example, experimental and non-experimental research), and has the potential to play a greater role in evidence-based practice for nursing. With respect to the integrative review method, strategies to enhance data collection and extraction have been developed; however, methods of analysis, synthesis, and conclusion drawing remain poorly formulated. A modified framework for research reviews is presented to address issues specific to the integrative review method. Issues related to specifying the review purpose, searching the literature, evaluating data from primary sources, analysing data, and presenting the results are discussed. Data analysis methods of qualitative research are proposed as strategies that enhance the rigour of combining diverse methodologies as well as empirical and theoretical sources in an integrative review. An updated integrative review method has the potential to allow for diverse primary research methods to become a greater part of evidence-based practice initiatives.

Isolating Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (TOPAZ) from Modular Ocean Model (MOM5) to Couple it with a Global Ocean Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, H. C.; Moon, B. K.; Wie, J.; Park, H. S.; Kim, K. Y.; Lee, J.; Byun, Y. H.

2017-12-01

This research is motivated by a need to develop a new coupled ocean-biogeochemistry model, a key tool for climate projections. The Modular Ocean Model (MOM5) is a global ocean/ice model developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in the US, and it incorporates Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (TOPAZ), which simulates the marine biota associated with carbon cycles. We isolated TOPAZ from MOM5 into a stand-alone version (TOPAZ-SA), and had it receive initial data and ocean physical fields required. Then, its reliability was verified by comparing the simulation results from the TOPAZ-SA with the MOM5/TOPAZ. This stand-alone version of TOPAZ is to be coupled to the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO). Here we present the preliminary results. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the project "Research and Development for KMA Weather, Climate, and Earth system Services" (NIMS-2016-3100) of the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Meteorological Administration.

New concepts for scintillator/HgI[sub 2] gamma ray spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Y.J.; Iwanczyk, J.S.; Patt, B.E.

The construction of a high energy resolution gamma ray detector consisting of a scintillator/mercuric iodide photodetector combination has been investigated. Several HgI[sub 2] photodetectors have been fabricated and tested with standard NIM electronics. The energy resolution of a scintillator/HgI[sub 2] pair was found to be 4.75%, full width at half maximum, for 662 keV [sup 137]Cs gamma ray photons. Of five detectors fabricated with the new technique, all produced resolutions better than 5.6% FWHM. This technology makes it possible to reliably produce high quality HgI[sub 2] photodetectors. New design concepts for the HgI[sub 2] photocell, including the transparent entrance electrode,more » detector geometry, and detector packaging, are described in the paper. Advantages of gamma ray spectrometers based upon crystal scintillators optically coupled to HgI[sub 2] photodetectors (in contrast to coupling the scintillators to the more conventional light sensors, i.e., photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)) include greater ruggedness, improved energy resolution, markedly smaller size and weight, reduced power, and insensitivity to magnetic field perturbations.« less

The influence of impression management scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory in the epilepsy monitoring unit.

PubMed

Purdom, Catherine L; Kirlin, Kristin A; Hoerth, Matthew T; Noe, Katherine H; Drazkowski, Joseph F; Sirven, Joseph I; Locke, Dona E C

2012-12-01

The Somatic Complaints scale (SOM) and Conversion subscale (SOM-C) of the Personality Assessment Inventory perform best in classifying psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures (ES); however, the impact of positive impression management (PIM) and negative impression management (NIM) scales on SOM and SOM-C classification has not been examined. We studied 187 patients from an epilepsy monitoring unit with confirmed PNES or ES. On SOM, the best cut score was 72.5 T when PIM was elevated and 69.5 T when there was no bias. On SOM-C, when PIM was elevated, the best cut score was 67.5 T and 76.5 T when there was no bias. Negative impression management elevations (n=9) were too infrequent to analyze separately. Despite similarities in classification accuracy, there were differences in sensitivity and specificity with and without PIM, impacting positive and negative predictive values. The presence of PIM bias generally increases positive predictive power of SOM and SOM-C but decreases negative predictive power. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diverse Effects of Cyclosporine on Hepatitis C Virus Strain Replication

PubMed Central

Ishii, Naoto; Watashi, Koichi; Hishiki, Takayuki; Goto, Kaku; Inoue, Daisuke; Hijikata, Makoto; Wakita, Takaji; Kato, Nobuyuki; Shimotohno, Kunitada

2006-01-01

Recently, a production system for infectious particles of hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizing the genotype 2a JFH1 strain has been developed. This strain has a high capacity for replication in the cells. Cyclosporine (CsA) has a suppressive effect on HCV replication. In this report, we characterize the anti-HCV effect of CsA. We observe that the presence of viral structural proteins does not influence the anti-HCV activity of CsA. Among HCV strains, the replication of genotype 1b replicons was strongly suppressed by treatment with CsA. In contrast, JFH1 replication was less sensitive to CsA and its analog, NIM811. Replication of JFH1 did not require the cellular replication cofactor, cyclophilin B (CyPB). CyPB stimulated the RNA binding activity of NS5B in the genotype 1b replicon but not the genotype 2a JFH1 strain. These findings provide an insight into the mechanisms of diversity governing virus-cell interactions and in the sensitivity of these strains to antiviral agents. PMID:16611911

A study of methods to predict and measure the transmission of sound through the walls of light aircraft. Integration of certain singular boundary element integrals for applications in linear acoustics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerle, D.; Bernhard, R. J.

1985-01-01

An alternative method for performing singular boundary element integrals for applications in linear acoustics is discussed. The method separates the integral of the characteristic solution into a singular and nonsingular part. The singular portion is integrated with a combination of analytic and numerical techniques while the nonsingular portion is integrated with standard Gaussian quadrature. The method may be generalized to many types of subparametric elements. The integrals over elements containing the root node are considered, and the characteristic solution for linear acoustic problems are examined. The method may be generalized to most characteristic solutions.

Promising Perceptions, Divergent Practices and Barriers to Integrated Malaria Prevention in Wakiso District, Uganda: A Mixed Methods Study

PubMed Central

Musoke, David; Miiro, George; Karani, George; Morris, Keith; Kasasa, Simon; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Nakiyingi-Miiro, Jessica; Guwatudde, David; Musoke, Miph Boses

2015-01-01

Background The World Health Organization recommends use of multiple approaches to control malaria. The integrated approach to malaria prevention advocates the use of several malaria prevention methods in a holistic manner. This study assessed perceptions and practices on integrated malaria prevention in Wakiso district, Uganda. Methods A clustered cross-sectional survey was conducted among 727 households from 29 villages using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Assessment was done on awareness of various malaria prevention methods, potential for use of the methods in a holistic manner, and reasons for dislike of certain methods. Households were classified as using integrated malaria prevention if they used at least two methods. Logistic regression was used to test for factors associated with the use of integrated malaria prevention while adjusting for clustering within villages. Results Participants knew of the various malaria prevention methods in the integrated approach including use of insecticide treated nets (97.5%), removing mosquito breeding sites (89.1%), clearing overgrown vegetation near houses (97.9%), and closing windows and doors early in the evenings (96.4%). If trained, most participants (68.6%) would use all the suggested malaria prevention methods of the integrated approach. Among those who would not use all methods, the main reasons given were there being too many (70.2%) and cost (32.0%). Only 33.0% households were using the integrated approach to prevent malaria. Use of integrated malaria prevention by households was associated with reading newspapers (AOR 0.34; 95% CI 0.22 –0.53) and ownership of a motorcycle/car (AOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 – 2.98). Conclusion Although knowledge of malaria prevention methods was high and perceptions on the integrated approach promising, practices on integrated malaria prevention was relatively low. The use of the integrated approach can be improved by promoting use of multiple malaria prevention methods through various communication channels such as mass media. PMID:25837978

Enhancing Adsorption Capacity while Maintaining Specific Recognition Performance of Mesoporous Silica: A Novel Imprinting Strategy with Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid as Surfactant.

PubMed

Ding, Shichao; Li, Zhiling; Cheng, Yuan; Du, Chunbao; Gao, Junfeng; Zhang, Yong-Wei; Zhang, Nan; Li, Zhaotong; Chang, Ninghui; Hu, Xiaoling

2018-06-21

In order to facilitate the broad applications of molecular recognition materials in biomedical areas, it is critical to enhance their adsorption capacity while maintaining their excellent recognition performance. In this work, we designed and synthesized well-defined peptide-imprinted mesoporous silica (PIMS) for specific recognition of an immunostimulating hexapeptide from human casein (IHHC) by using amphiphilic ionic liquid as the surfactant to anchor IHHC via a combination of one step sol-gel method and docking oriented imprinting approach. Thereinto, theoretical calculation was employed to reveal the multiple binding interactions and dual-template configuration between amphiphilic ionic liquid and IHHC. The fabricated PIMS was characterized and an in-depth analysis of specific recognition mechanism was conducted. Results revealed that both adsorption and recognition capabilities of PIMS far exceeded that of the NIMS's. More significantly, the PIMS exhibited a superior binding capacity (60.5 mg g-1), which could increase 18.9% than the previous work. The corresponding imprinting factor and selectivity coefficient could reach up to 4.51 and 3.30, respectively. The PIMS also possessed lickety-split kinetic binding for IHHC, which the equilibrium time was only 10 min. All of these merits were due to the high surface area and the synergistic effect of multiple interactions (including hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, ion-ion electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions, etc.) between PIMS and IHHC in imprinted sites. The present work suggests the potential application of PIMS for large-scale and high-effective separation of IHHC, which may lead to their broad applications in drug/gene deliver, biosensors, catalyst and so on. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Nanofabrication by advanced electron microscopy using intense and focused beam∗.

PubMed

Furuya, Kazuo

2008-01-01

The nanogrowth and nanofabrication of solid substances using an intense and focused electron beam are reviewed in terms of the application of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and STEM) to control the size, position and structure of nanomaterials. The first example discussed is the growth of freestanding nanotrees on insulator substrates by TEM. The growth process of the nanotrees was observed in situ and analyzed by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and was mainly controlled by the intensity of the electron beam. The second example is position- and size-controlled nanofabrication by STEM using a focused electron beam. The diameters of the nanostructures grown ranged from 4 to 20 nm depending on the size of the electron beam. Magnetic nanostructures were also obtained using an iron-containing precursor gas, Fe(CO) 5 . The freestanding iron nanoantennas were examined by electron holography. The magnetic field was observed to leak from the nanostructure body which appeared to act as a 'nanomagnet'. The third example described is the effect of a vacuum on the size and growth process of fabricated nanodots containing W in an ultrahigh-vacuum field-emission TEM (UHV-FE-TEM). The size of the dots can be controlled by changing the dose of electrons and the partial pressure of the precursor. The smallest particle size obtained was about 1.5 nm in diameter, which is the smallest size reported using this method. Finally, the importance of a smaller probe and a higher electron-beam current with atomic resolution is emphasized and an attempt to develop an ultrahigh-vacuum spherical aberration corrected STEM (Cs-corrected STEM) at NIMS is reported.

Nanofabrication by advanced electron microscopy using intense and focused beam∗

PubMed Central

Furuya, Kazuo

2008-01-01

The nanogrowth and nanofabrication of solid substances using an intense and focused electron beam are reviewed in terms of the application of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and STEM) to control the size, position and structure of nanomaterials. The first example discussed is the growth of freestanding nanotrees on insulator substrates by TEM. The growth process of the nanotrees was observed in situ and analyzed by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and was mainly controlled by the intensity of the electron beam. The second example is position- and size-controlled nanofabrication by STEM using a focused electron beam. The diameters of the nanostructures grown ranged from 4 to 20 nm depending on the size of the electron beam. Magnetic nanostructures were also obtained using an iron-containing precursor gas, Fe(CO)5. The freestanding iron nanoantennas were examined by electron holography. The magnetic field was observed to leak from the nanostructure body which appeared to act as a ‘nanomagnet’. The third example described is the effect of a vacuum on the size and growth process of fabricated nanodots containing W in an ultrahigh-vacuum field-emission TEM (UHV-FE-TEM). The size of the dots can be controlled by changing the dose of electrons and the partial pressure of the precursor. The smallest particle size obtained was about 1.5 nm in diameter, which is the smallest size reported using this method. Finally, the importance of a smaller probe and a higher electron-beam current with atomic resolution is emphasized and an attempt to develop an ultrahigh-vacuum spherical aberration corrected STEM (Cs-corrected STEM) at NIMS is reported. PMID:27877936

Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by vagal nerve stimulation in thyroid surgery.

PubMed

Farizon, Brigitte; Gavid, Marie; Karkas, Alexandre; Dumollard, Jean-Marc; Peoc'h, Michel; Prades, Jean-Michel

2017-01-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thyroarytenoid muscle response during bilateral thyroid surgery using vagal nerve stimulation. 195 patients (390 nerves at risk) underwent a total thyroidectomy. The recurrent laryngeal nerve's function was checked by analyzing the amplitude and the latency of the thyroarytenoid muscle's responses after a vagal nerve's stimulation (0.5 and 1 mA) using the NIM3 Medtronic system. All patients were submitted to preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy. 20 patients get no thyroarytenoid muscle response to the vagal nerve stimulation, and 14 postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies were confirmed (3.8 %). Two palsies were present after 6 months (0.51 %). All the patients with muscle's response have normal mobility vocal fold. The test sensitivity was 100 % and the test specificity was 98 %. Physiologically, the mean latencies of the muscular potentials for the right RLN were, respectively, 3.89 and 3.83 ms (p > 0.05) for the stimulation at 0.5 and 1 mA. The mean latencies for the left RLN were, respectively, 6.25 and 6.22 ms for the stimulation at 0.5 and 1 mA (p > 0.05). The difference of the latencies between the right and the left nerve was 2.30 ms (1.75-3.25 ms) with a stimulation of 0.5 or 1 mA (p < 0.05). Thyroarytenoid muscle's response via a vagal nerve stimulation showed a functional asymmetry of the laryngeal adduction with a faster right response. Surgically, this method can predict accurately an immediate postoperative vocal folds function in patients undergoing a bilateral thyroid surgery.

CCQM-K86/P113.1: Relative quantification of genomic DNA fragments extracted from a biological tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbisier, P.; Vincent, S.; Schimmel, H.; Kortekaas, A.-M.; Trapmann, S.; Burns, M.; Bushell, C.; Akgoz, M.; Akyürek, S.; Dong, L.; Fu, B.; Zhang, L.; Wang, J.; Pérez Urquiza, M.; Bautista, J. L.; Garibay, A.; Fuller, B.; Baoutina, A.; Partis, L.; Emslie, K.; Holden, M.; Chum, W. Y.; Kim, H.-H.; Phunbua, N.; Milavec, M.; Zel, J.; Vonsky, M.; Konopelko, L. A.; Lau, T. L. T.; Yang, B.; Hui, M. H. K.; Yu, A. C. H.; Viroonudomphol, D.; Prawettongsopon, C.; Wiangnon, K.; Takabatake, R.; Kitta, K.; Kawaharasaki, M.; Parkes, H.

2012-01-01

Key comparison CCQM-K86 was performed to demonstrate and document the capacity of interested national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (DIs) in the determination of the relative quantity of two specific genomic DNA fragments present in a biological tissue. The study provides the support for the following measurement claim: "Quantification of the ratio of the number of copies of specified intact sequence fragments of a length in the range of 70 to 100 nucleotides in a single genomic DNA extract from ground maize seed materials". The study was carried out under the auspices of the Bioanalysis Working Group (BAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) and was piloted by the Institute for Reference Materials and Methods (IRMM) in Geel (Belgium). The following laboratories (in alphabetical order) participated in this key comparison: AIST (Japan), CENAM (Mexico), DMSc (Thailand), GLHK (Hong Kong), IRMM (European Union), KRISS (Republic of Korea), LGC (United Kingdom), MIRS/NIB (Slovenia), NIM (PR China), NIST (USA), NMIA (Australia), TÜBITAK UME (Turkey) and VNIIM (Russian Federation). The following laboratories (in alphabetical order) participated in a pilot study that was organized in parallel: LGC (United Kingdom), PKU (PR China), NFRI (Japan) and NIMT (Thailand). Good agreement was observed between the reported results of eleven participants. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

The impact of age and gender on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcome.

PubMed

Zardkoohi, Omeed; Nandigam, Veena; Murray, Lorne; Heist, E Kevin; Mela, Theofanie; Orencole, Mary; Ruskin, Jeremy N; Singh, Jagmeet P

2007-11-01

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome varies significantly among patients. We aimed to determine the impact of age, gender, and heart failure etiology on the long-term outcome of patients receiving CRT. A total of 117 patients with drug-refractory heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV, and a wide QRS complex, who received CRT, were followed for one year. Long-term outcome was measured as a combined end point of hospitalization for heart failure and/or all cause mortality. Efficacy of CRT was compared between men and women, between older and younger patients, and between patients with ischemic and nonischemic heart disease. Time to the primary end point was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were made using the Breslow-Wilcoxon test. Baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between gender, age, and heart failure etiology subgroups. There was no significant difference in the combined end point between older versus younger (age >70, (n = 71), versus age < 70, (n = 46), P = 0.52); both genders (men, n = 91 vs women, n = 26, P = 0.46) and etiology of the cardiomyopathy (ischemic (n = 79) vs nonischemic (n = 38), P = 0.12). Substratification of the genders by the etiology of the cardiomyopathy, showed that women with ischemic cardiomyopathy (IW, n = 10) had a trend to a worse outcome compared to the other groups i.e., nonischemic women (NIW, n = 16), ischemic men (IM, n = 69), and nonischemic men (NIM, n = 22), P = 0.04. After adjusting for potential covariates, a Cox regression analysis showed no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.61). CRT outcome appears independent of age, gender, and heart failure etiology in this single institution study.

Improvement of energy conversion efficiency and power generation in direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell: The effect of Ni-M core-shell nanoparticles (M = Pt, Pd, Ru)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the cell performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, M. G.; Mahmoodi, R.

2017-12-01

In this study, core@shell nanoparticles with Ni as a core material and Pt, Pd and Ru as shell materials are synthesized on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as catalyst support using the sequence reduction method. The influence of Ni@Pt, Ni@Pd and Ni@Ru core@shell nanoparticles on MWCNT toward borohydride oxidation in alkaline solution is investigated by various three-electrode electrochemical techniques. Also, the impact of these anodic electrocatalysts on the performance of direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC) is evaluated. The structural and morphological properties of electrocatalysts are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of three electrode investigations show that Ni@Pd/MWCNT has excellent catalytic activity since borohydride oxidation current density on Ni@Pd/MWCNT (34773.27 A g-1) is 1.37 and 9.19 times higher than those of Ni@Pt/MWCNT (25347.27 A g-1) and Ni@Ru/MWCNT (3782.83 A g-1), respectively. Also, the energy conversion efficiency and power density of DBHPFC with Ni@Pd/MWCNT (246.82 mW cm-2) increase to 34.27% and 51.53% respect to Ni@Pt/MWCNT (162.24 mW cm-2) and Ni@Ru/MWCNT (119.62 mW cm-2), respectively. This study reveals that Ni@Pd/MWCNT has highest activity toward borohydride oxidation and stability in fuel cell.

Statistical Methods in Integrative Genomics

PubMed Central

Richardson, Sylvia; Tseng, George C.; Sun, Wei

2016-01-01

Statistical methods in integrative genomics aim to answer important biology questions by jointly analyzing multiple types of genomic data (vertical integration) or aggregating the same type of data across multiple studies (horizontal integration). In this article, we introduce different types of genomic data and data resources, and then review statistical methods of integrative genomics, with emphasis on the motivation and rationale of these methods. We conclude with some summary points and future research directions. PMID:27482531

Improved accuracy for finite element structural analysis via a new integrated force method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patnaik, Surya N.; Hopkins, Dale A.; Aiello, Robert A.; Berke, Laszlo

1992-01-01

A comparative study was carried out to determine the accuracy of finite element analyses based on the stiffness method, a mixed method, and the new integrated force and dual integrated force methods. The numerical results were obtained with the following software: MSC/NASTRAN and ASKA for the stiffness method; an MHOST implementation method for the mixed method; and GIFT for the integrated force methods. The results indicate that on an overall basis, the stiffness and mixed methods present some limitations. The stiffness method generally requires a large number of elements in the model to achieve acceptable accuracy. The MHOST method tends to achieve a higher degree of accuracy for course models than does the stiffness method implemented by MSC/NASTRAN and ASKA. The two integrated force methods, which bestow simultaneous emphasis on stress equilibrium and strain compatibility, yield accurate solutions with fewer elements in a model. The full potential of these new integrated force methods remains largely unexploited, and they hold the promise of spawning new finite element structural analysis tools.

An equivalent domain integral method in the two-dimensional analysis of mixed mode crack problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, I. S.; Shivakumar, K. N.

1990-01-01

An equivalent domain integral (EDI) method for calculating J-integrals for two-dimensional cracked elastic bodies is presented. The details of the method and its implementation are presented for isoparametric elements. The EDI method gave accurate values of the J-integrals for two mode I and two mixed mode problems. Numerical studies showed that domains consisting of one layer of elements are sufficient to obtain accurate J-integral values. Two procedures for separating the individual modes from the domain integrals are presented.

Integrals for IBS and beam cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burov, A.; /Fermilab

Simulation of beam cooling usually requires performing certain integral transformations every time step or so, which is a significant burden on the CPU. Examples are the dispersion integrals (Hilbert transforms) in the stochastic cooling, wake fields and IBS integrals. An original method is suggested for fast and sufficiently accurate computation of the integrals. This method is applied for the dispersion integral. Some methodical aspects of the IBS analysis are discussed.

Integrals for IBS and Beam Cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burov, A.

Simulation of beam cooling usually requires performing certain integral transformations every time step or so, which is a significant burden on the CPU. Examples are the dispersion integrals (Hilbert transforms) in the stochastic cooling, wake fields and IBS integrals. An original method is suggested for fast and sufficiently accurate computation of the integrals. This method is applied for the dispersion integral. Some methodical aspects of the IBS analysis are discussed.

Impact of Integrated Teaching Sessions for Comprehensive Learning and Rational Pharmacotherapeutics for Medical Undergraduates

PubMed Central

Ambwani, Sneha; Vegada, Bhavisha; Sidhu, Rimple; Charan, Jaykaran

2017-01-01

Background: It is postulated that integrated teaching method may enhance retention of the knowledge and clinical applicability of the basic sciences as compared to the didactic method. Aim: The present study was undertaken to compare the integrated teaching method with the didactic method for the learning ability and clinical applicability of the basic sciences. Materials and Methods: The 2nd year MBBS students were divided into two groups randomly. The study was conducted into two stages. In the first stage, conventional didactic lectures on hypertension (HT) were delivered to one group and multidisciplinary integrated teaching to another group. For the second stage, diabetes mellitus groups were swapped. Retention of the knowledge between the groups were assessed through a multiple choice questions (MCQ) test. Feedback of the students and faculty was obtained on a 5 point Likert scale. For the comparison, student's data were regrouped into four groups, i.e., integrated HT, didactic HT, integrated diabetes and didactic diabetes. Results: There was no significant difference of MCQ score between integrated HT, didactic HT, and integrated diabetes group. However, the score obtained in didactic diabetes was significantly more (P = 0.00) than other groups. Majority of the students favored integrated teaching for clinical application of basic science and learning of the skill for the future clinical practice. Faculties considered integrated method as a useful method and suggested frequent use of this method. Conclusion: There was no clear difference in knowledge acquisition; however, the students and faculties favored integrated teaching method in the feedback questionnaire. PMID:29344460

Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group guidance series-paper 5: methods for integrating qualitative and implementation evidence within intervention effectiveness reviews.

PubMed

Harden, Angela; Thomas, James; Cargo, Margaret; Harris, Janet; Pantoja, Tomas; Flemming, Kate; Booth, Andrew; Garside, Ruth; Hannes, Karin; Noyes, Jane

2018-05-01

The Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group develops and publishes guidance on the synthesis of qualitative and mixed-method evidence from process evaluations. Despite a proliferation of methods for the synthesis of qualitative research, less attention has focused on how to integrate these syntheses within intervention effectiveness reviews. In this article, we report updated guidance from the group on approaches, methods, and tools, which can be used to integrate the findings from quantitative studies evaluating intervention effectiveness with those from qualitative studies and process evaluations. We draw on conceptual analyses of mixed methods systematic review designs and the range of methods and tools that have been used in published reviews that have successfully integrated different types of evidence. We outline five key methods and tools as devices for integration which vary in terms of the levels at which integration takes place; the specialist skills and expertise required within the review team; and their appropriateness in the context of limited evidence. In situations where the requirement is the integration of qualitative and process evidence within intervention effectiveness reviews, we recommend the use of a sequential approach. Here, evidence from each tradition is synthesized separately using methods consistent with each tradition before integration takes place using a common framework. Reviews which integrate qualitative and process evaluation evidence alongside quantitative evidence on intervention effectiveness in a systematic way are rare. This guidance aims to support review teams to achieve integration and we encourage further development through reflection and formal testing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An annular superposition integral for axisymmetric radiators.

PubMed

Kelly, James F; McGough, Robert J

2007-02-01

A fast integral expression for computing the nearfield pressure is derived for axisymmetric radiators. This method replaces the sum of contributions from concentric annuli with an exact double integral that converges much faster than methods that evaluate the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral or the generalized King integral. Expressions are derived for plane circular pistons using both continuous wave and pulsed excitations. Several commonly used apodization schemes for the surface velocity distribution are considered, including polynomial functions and a "smooth piston" function. The effect of different apodization functions on the spectral content of the wave field is explored. Quantitative error and time comparisons between the new method, the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral, and the generalized King integral are discussed. At all error levels considered, the annular superposition method achieves a speed-up of at least a factor of 4 relative to the point-source method and a factor of 3 relative to the generalized King integral without increasing the computational complexity.

On the Formulation of Weakly Singular Displacement/Traction Integral Equations; and Their Solution by the MLPG Method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Atluri, Satya N.; Shen, Shengping

2002-01-01

In this paper, a very simple method is used to derive the weakly singular traction boundary integral equation based on the integral relationships for displacement gradients. The concept of the MLPG method is employed to solve the integral equations, especially those arising in solid mechanics. A moving Least Squares (MLS) interpolation is selected to approximate the trial functions in this paper. Five boundary integral Solution methods are introduced: direct solution method; displacement boundary-value problem; traction boundary-value problem; mixed boundary-value problem; and boundary variational principle. Based on the local weak form of the BIE, four different nodal-based local test functions are selected, leading to four different MLPG methods for each BIE solution method. These methods combine the advantages of the MLPG method and the boundary element method.

Evaluating marginal likelihood with thermodynamic integration method and comparison with several other numerical methods

DOE PAGES

Liu, Peigui; Elshall, Ahmed S.; Ye, Ming; ...

2016-02-05

Evaluating marginal likelihood is the most critical and computationally expensive task, when conducting Bayesian model averaging to quantify parametric and model uncertainties. The evaluation is commonly done by using Laplace approximations to evaluate semianalytical expressions of the marginal likelihood or by using Monte Carlo (MC) methods to evaluate arithmetic or harmonic mean of a joint likelihood function. This study introduces a new MC method, i.e., thermodynamic integration, which has not been attempted in environmental modeling. Instead of using samples only from prior parameter space (as in arithmetic mean evaluation) or posterior parameter space (as in harmonic mean evaluation), the thermodynamicmore » integration method uses samples generated gradually from the prior to posterior parameter space. This is done through a path sampling that conducts Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with different power coefficient values applied to the joint likelihood function. The thermodynamic integration method is evaluated using three analytical functions by comparing the method with two variants of the Laplace approximation method and three MC methods, including the nested sampling method that is recently introduced into environmental modeling. The thermodynamic integration method outperforms the other methods in terms of their accuracy, convergence, and consistency. The thermodynamic integration method is also applied to a synthetic case of groundwater modeling with four alternative models. The application shows that model probabilities obtained using the thermodynamic integration method improves predictive performance of Bayesian model averaging. As a result, the thermodynamic integration method is mathematically rigorous, and its MC implementation is computationally general for a wide range of environmental problems.« less

A Novel Polygonal Finite Element Method: Virtual Node Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, X. H.; Zheng, C.; Zhang, J. H.

2010-05-01

Polygonal finite element method (PFEM), which can construct shape functions on polygonal elements, provides greater flexibility in mesh generation. However, the non-polynomial form of traditional PFEM, such as Wachspress method and Mean Value method, leads to inexact numerical integration. Since the integration technique for non-polynomial functions is immature. To overcome this shortcoming, a great number of integration points have to be used to obtain sufficiently exact results, which increases computational cost. In this paper, a novel polygonal finite element method is proposed and called as virtual node method (VNM). The features of present method can be list as: (1) It is a PFEM with polynomial form. Thereby, Hammer integral and Gauss integral can be naturally used to obtain exact numerical integration; (2) Shape functions of VNM satisfy all the requirements of finite element method. To test the performance of VNM, intensive numerical tests are carried out. It found that, in standard patch test, VNM can achieve significantly better results than Wachspress method and Mean Value method. Moreover, it is observed that VNM can achieve better results than triangular 3-node elements in the accuracy test.

Method of mechanical quadratures for solving singular integral equations of various types

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahakyan, A. V.; Amirjanyan, H. A.

2018-04-01

The method of mechanical quadratures is proposed as a common approach intended for solving the integral equations defined on finite intervals and containing Cauchy-type singular integrals. This method can be used to solve singular integral equations of the first and second kind, equations with generalized kernel, weakly singular equations, and integro-differential equations. The quadrature rules for several different integrals represented through the same coefficients are presented. This allows one to reduce the integral equations containing integrals of different types to a system of linear algebraic equations.

Calculation of transonic flows using an extended integral equation method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nixon, D.

1976-01-01

An extended integral equation method for transonic flows is developed. In the extended integral equation method velocities in the flow field are calculated in addition to values on the aerofoil surface, in contrast with the less accurate 'standard' integral equation method in which only surface velocities are calculated. The results obtained for aerofoils in subcritical flow and in supercritical flow when shock waves are present compare satisfactorily with the results of recent finite difference methods.

Implementation of equivalent domain integral method in the two-dimensional analysis of mixed mode problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, I. S.; Shivakumar, K. N.

1989-01-01

An equivalent domain integral (EDI) method for calculating J-intergrals for two-dimensional cracked elastic bodies is presented. The details of the method and its implementation are presented for isoparametric elements. The total and product integrals consist of the sum of an area of domain integral and line integrals on the crack faces. The line integrals vanish only when the crack faces are traction free and the loading is either pure mode 1 or pure mode 2 or a combination of both with only the square-root singular term in the stress field. The EDI method gave accurate values of the J-integrals for two mode I and two mixed mode problems. Numerical studies showed that domains consisting of one layer of elements are sufficient to obtain accurate J-integral values. Two procedures for separating the individual modes from the domain integrals are presented. The procedure that uses the symmetric and antisymmetric components of the stress and displacement fields to calculate the individual modes gave accurate values of the integrals for all problems analyzed. The EDI method when applied to a problem of an interface crack in two different materials showed that the mode 1 and mode 2 components are domain dependent while the total integral is not. This behavior is caused by the presence of the oscillatory part of the singularity in bimaterial crack problems. The EDI method, thus, shows behavior similar to the virtual crack closure method for bimaterial problems.

Coupled laboratory experiments and numerical models for generating ice-depth profiles of steady-state hydrogen peroxide concentrations on radiolytically processed icy worlds.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hand, K. P.; Carlson, R. W.

2007-12-01

The presence of hydrogen peroxide and condensed phase molecular oxygen on the surface of Europa is now well established [1,2] and laboratory experiments have repeatedly demonstrated the viability of various radiolytic processes for explaining the observations [see e.g. 3, 4]. To date, however, both the Europa observations and the laboratory work have been limited to only the upper few, or few tens of microns, of ice. The spectrum of charged particles incident on the surface of Europa penetrates deeper, and deposits energy over a much greater range, than any laboratory experiment has aimed to replicate [5, 6]. Here we present results from laboratory work on hydrogen peroxide production using energetic electrons (4 keV - 16 keV) and couple these results with a numerical model for the integrated steady-state density of hydrogen peroxide as a function of depth into the ice. Production rates and steady-state peroxide levels for a range of initial electron energies are used to generate functions for the number of peroxide molecules produced per initial electron as it penetrates through the ice. We examined the electron energy spectrum from 0.01 MeV to 10 MeV and accounted for electrons incident to the surface over the solid angle from cosine(theta) = 0.3-1.0, where theta is the angle from the normal to the surface. We found that, accounting for production and destruction as a function of energy deposition, steady-state hydrogen peroxide concentrations resulting from electron radiolysis likely increases by a factor of a few to an order of magnitude at a depth of a few hundred microns. In other words, the 0.13 percent by number abundance of peroxide observed by NIMS [1] may be a low-end value; at depth the peroxide concentration could increase to a few percent by number relative to water. [1] Carlson et al. 1999. [2] Spencer and Calvin, 2002. [3] Moore and Hudson, 2000. [4] Loeffler et al., 2006. [5] Cooper et al., 2001 [6] Paranicas et al., 2001.

Achieving Integration in Mixed Methods Designs—Principles and Practices

PubMed Central

Fetters, Michael D; Curry, Leslie A; Creswell, John W

2013-01-01

Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems in health and health care. This article describes integration principles and practices at three levels in mixed methods research and provides illustrative examples. Integration at the study design level occurs through three basic mixed method designs—exploratory sequential, explanatory sequential, and convergent—and through four advanced frameworks—multistage, intervention, case study, and participatory. Integration at the methods level occurs through four approaches. In connecting, one database links to the other through sampling. With building, one database informs the data collection approach of the other. When merging, the two databases are brought together for analysis. With embedding, data collection and analysis link at multiple points. Integration at the interpretation and reporting level occurs through narrative, data transformation, and joint display. The fit of integration describes the extent the qualitative and quantitative findings cohere. Understanding these principles and practices of integration can help health services researchers leverage the strengths of mixed methods. PMID:24279835

Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices.

PubMed

Fetters, Michael D; Curry, Leslie A; Creswell, John W

2013-12-01

Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems in health and health care. This article describes integration principles and practices at three levels in mixed methods research and provides illustrative examples. Integration at the study design level occurs through three basic mixed method designs-exploratory sequential, explanatory sequential, and convergent-and through four advanced frameworks-multistage, intervention, case study, and participatory. Integration at the methods level occurs through four approaches. In connecting, one database links to the other through sampling. With building, one database informs the data collection approach of the other. When merging, the two databases are brought together for analysis. With embedding, data collection and analysis link at multiple points. Integration at the interpretation and reporting level occurs through narrative, data transformation, and joint display. The fit of integration describes the extent the qualitative and quantitative findings cohere. Understanding these principles and practices of integration can help health services researchers leverage the strengths of mixed methods. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

Mixed methods in gerontological research: Do the qualitative and quantitative data “touch”?

PubMed Central

Happ, Mary Beth

2010-01-01

This paper distinguishes between parallel and integrated mixed methods research approaches. Barriers to integrated mixed methods approaches in gerontological research are discussed and critiqued. The author presents examples of mixed methods gerontological research to illustrate approaches to data integration at the levels of data analysis, interpretation, and research reporting. As a summary of the methodological literature, four basic levels of mixed methods data combination are proposed. Opportunities for mixing qualitative and quantitative data are explored using contemporary examples from published studies. Data transformation and visual display, judiciously applied, are proposed as pathways to fuller mixed methods data integration and analysis. Finally, practical strategies for mixing qualitative and quantitative data types are explicated as gerontological research moves beyond parallel mixed methods approaches to achieve data integration. PMID:20077973

An annular superposition integral for axisymmetric radiators

PubMed Central

Kelly, James F.; McGough, Robert J.

2007-01-01

A fast integral expression for computing the nearfield pressure is derived for axisymmetric radiators. This method replaces the sum of contributions from concentric annuli with an exact double integral that converges much faster than methods that evaluate the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral or the generalized King integral. Expressions are derived for plane circular pistons using both continuous wave and pulsed excitations. Several commonly used apodization schemes for the surface velocity distribution are considered, including polynomial functions and a “smooth piston” function. The effect of different apodization functions on the spectral content of the wave field is explored. Quantitative error and time comparisons between the new method, the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral, and the generalized King integral are discussed. At all error levels considered, the annular superposition method achieves a speed-up of at least a factor of 4 relative to the point-source method and a factor of 3 relative to the generalized King integral without increasing the computational complexity. PMID:17348500

Critical perspectives of pedagogical approaches to reversing the order of integration in double integrals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tisdell, Christopher C.

2017-11-01

This paper presents some critical perspectives regarding pedagogical approaches to the method of reversing the order of integration in double integrals from prevailing educational literature on multivariable calculus. First, we question the message found in popular textbooks that the traditional process of reversing the order of integration is necessary when solving well-known problems. Second, we illustrate that the method of integration by parts can be directly applied to many of the classic pedagogical problems in the literature concerning double integrals, without taking the well-worn steps associated with reversing the order of integration. Third, we examine the benefits and limitations of such a method. In our conclusion, we advocate for integration by parts to be a part of the pedagogical conversation in the learning and teaching of double integral methods; and call for more debate around its use in the learning and teaching of other areas of mathematics. Finally, we emphasize the need for critical approaches in the pedagogy of mathematics more broadly.

Numerical quadrature methods for integrals of singular periodic functions and their application to singular and weakly singular integral equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sidi, A.; Israeli, M.

1986-01-01

High accuracy numerical quadrature methods for integrals of singular periodic functions are proposed. These methods are based on the appropriate Euler-Maclaurin expansions of trapezoidal rule approximations and their extrapolations. They are used to obtain accurate quadrature methods for the solution of singular and weakly singular Fredholm integral equations. Such periodic equations are used in the solution of planar elliptic boundary value problems, elasticity, potential theory, conformal mapping, boundary element methods, free surface flows, etc. The use of the quadrature methods is demonstrated with numerical examples.

Review of Statistical Learning Methods in Integrated Omics Studies (An Integrated Information Science).

PubMed

Zeng, Irene Sui Lan; Lumley, Thomas

2018-01-01

Integrated omics is becoming a new channel for investigating the complex molecular system in modern biological science and sets a foundation for systematic learning for precision medicine. The statistical/machine learning methods that have emerged in the past decade for integrated omics are not only innovative but also multidisciplinary with integrated knowledge in biology, medicine, statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Here, we review the nontrivial classes of learning methods from the statistical aspects and streamline these learning methods within the statistical learning framework. The intriguing findings from the review are that the methods used are generalizable to other disciplines with complex systematic structure, and the integrated omics is part of an integrated information science which has collated and integrated different types of information for inferences and decision making. We review the statistical learning methods of exploratory and supervised learning from 42 publications. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of the extended principal component analysis, cluster analysis, network analysis, and regression methods. Statistical techniques such as penalization for sparsity induction when there are fewer observations than the number of features and using Bayesian approach when there are prior knowledge to be integrated are also included in the commentary. For the completeness of the review, a table of currently available software and packages from 23 publications for omics are summarized in the appendix.

Criteria for quantitative and qualitative data integration: mixed-methods research methodology.

PubMed

Lee, Seonah; Smith, Carrol A M

2012-05-01

Many studies have emphasized the need and importance of a mixed-methods approach for evaluation of clinical information systems. However, those studies had no criteria to guide integration of multiple data sets. Integrating different data sets serves to actualize the paradigm that a mixed-methods approach argues; thus, we require criteria that provide the right direction to integrate quantitative and qualitative data. The first author used a set of criteria organized from a literature search for integration of multiple data sets from mixed-methods research. The purpose of this article was to reorganize the identified criteria. Through critical appraisal of the reasons for designing mixed-methods research, three criteria resulted: validation, complementarity, and discrepancy. In applying the criteria to empirical data of a previous mixed methods study, integration of quantitative and qualitative data was achieved in a systematic manner. It helped us obtain a better organized understanding of the results. The criteria of this article offer the potential to produce insightful analyses of mixed-methods evaluations of health information systems.

Integration of Research Studies: Meta-Analysis of Research. Methods of Integrative Analysis; Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glass, Gene V.; And Others

Integrative analysis, or what is coming to be known as meta-analysis, is the integration of the findings of many empirical research studies of a topic. Meta-analysis differs from traditional narrative forms of research reviewing in that it is more quantitative and statistical. Thus, the methods of meta-analysis are merely statistical methods,…

Integrative Mixed Methods Data Analytic Strategies in Research on School Success in Challenging Circumstances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jang, Eunice E.; McDougall, Douglas E.; Pollon, Dawn; Herbert, Monique; Russell, Pia

2008-01-01

There are both conceptual and practical challenges in dealing with data from mixed methods research studies. There is a need for discussion about various integrative strategies for mixed methods data analyses. This article illustrates integrative analytic strategies for a mixed methods study focusing on improving urban schools facing challenging…

An Alternative Method to the Classical Partial Fraction Decomposition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cherif, Chokri

2007-01-01

PreCalculus students can use the Completing the Square Method to solve quadratic equations without the need to memorize the quadratic formula since this method naturally leads them to that formula. Calculus students, when studying integration, use various standard methods to compute integrals depending on the type of function to be integrated.…

Methods for biological data integration: perspectives and challenges

PubMed Central

Gligorijević, Vladimir; Pržulj, Nataša

2015-01-01

Rapid technological advances have led to the production of different types of biological data and enabled construction of complex networks with various types of interactions between diverse biological entities. Standard network data analysis methods were shown to be limited in dealing with such heterogeneous networked data and consequently, new methods for integrative data analyses have been proposed. The integrative methods can collectively mine multiple types of biological data and produce more holistic, systems-level biological insights. We survey recent methods for collective mining (integration) of various types of networked biological data. We compare different state-of-the-art methods for data integration and highlight their advantages and disadvantages in addressing important biological problems. We identify the important computational challenges of these methods and provide a general guideline for which methods are suited for specific biological problems, or specific data types. Moreover, we propose that recent non-negative matrix factorization-based approaches may become the integration methodology of choice, as they are well suited and accurate in dealing with heterogeneous data and have many opportunities for further development. PMID:26490630

Comparison of various methods for mathematical analysis of the Foucault knife edge test pattern to determine optical imperfections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gatewood, B. E.

1971-01-01

The linearized integral equation for the Foucault test of a solid mirror was solved by various methods: power series, Fourier series, collocation, iteration, and inversion integral. The case of the Cassegrain mirror was solved by a particular power series method, collocation, and inversion integral. The inversion integral method appears to be the best overall method for both the solid and Cassegrain mirrors. Certain particular types of power series and Fourier series are satisfactory for the Cassegrain mirror. Numerical integration of the nonlinear equation for selected surface imperfections showed that results start to deviate from those given by the linearized equation at a surface deviation of about 3 percent of the wavelength of light. Several possible procedures for calibrating and scaling the input data for the integral equation are described.

Mass spectrometry-based protein identification by integrating de novo sequencing with database searching.

PubMed

Wang, Penghao; Wilson, Susan R

2013-01-01

Mass spectrometry-based protein identification is a very challenging task. The main identification approaches include de novo sequencing and database searching. Both approaches have shortcomings, so an integrative approach has been developed. The integrative approach firstly infers partial peptide sequences, known as tags, directly from tandem spectra through de novo sequencing, and then puts these sequences into a database search to see if a close peptide match can be found. However the current implementation of this integrative approach has several limitations. Firstly, simplistic de novo sequencing is applied and only very short sequence tags are used. Secondly, most integrative methods apply an algorithm similar to BLAST to search for exact sequence matches and do not accommodate sequence errors well. Thirdly, by applying these methods the integrated de novo sequencing makes a limited contribution to the scoring model which is still largely based on database searching. We have developed a new integrative protein identification method which can integrate de novo sequencing more efficiently into database searching. Evaluated on large real datasets, our method outperforms popular identification methods.

Determination of elementary first integrals of a generalized Raychaudhuri equation by the Darboux integrability method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choudhury, A. Ghose; Guha, Partha; Khanra, Barun

2009-10-01

The Darboux integrability method is particularly useful to determine first integrals of nonplanar autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations, whose associated vector fields are polynomials. In particular, we obtain first integrals for a variant of the generalized Raychaudhuri equation, which has appeared in string inspired modern cosmology.

Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method

USGS Publications Warehouse

Healy, R.W.; Russell, T.F.

1992-01-01

A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian local adjoint method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation is developed and discussed. The method is mass conservative and can solve advection-dominated ground-water solute-transport problems accurately and efficiently. An integrated finite-difference approach is used in the method. A key component of the method is that the integral representing the mass-storage term is evaluated numerically at the current time level. Integration points, and the mass associated with these points, are then forward tracked up to the next time level. The number of integration points required to reach a specified level of accuracy is problem dependent and increases as the sharpness of the simulated solute front increases. Integration points are generally equally spaced within each grid cell. For problems involving variable coefficients it has been found to be advantageous to include additional integration points at strategic locations in each well. These locations are determined by backtracking. Forward tracking of boundary fluxes by the method alleviates problems that are encountered in the backtracking approaches of most characteristic methods. A test problem is used to illustrate that the new method offers substantial advantages over other numerical methods for a wide range of problems.

Approximation of the exponential integral (well function) using sampling methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baalousha, Husam Musa

2015-04-01

Exponential integral (also known as well function) is often used in hydrogeology to solve Theis and Hantush equations. Many methods have been developed to approximate the exponential integral. Most of these methods are based on numerical approximations and are valid for a certain range of the argument value. This paper presents a new approach to approximate the exponential integral. The new approach is based on sampling methods. Three different sampling methods; Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), Orthogonal Array (OA), and Orthogonal Array-based Latin Hypercube (OA-LH) have been used to approximate the function. Different argument values, covering a wide range, have been used. The results of sampling methods were compared with results obtained by Mathematica software, which was used as a benchmark. All three sampling methods converge to the result obtained by Mathematica, at different rates. It was found that the orthogonal array (OA) method has the fastest convergence rate compared with LHS and OA-LH. The root mean square error RMSE of OA was in the order of 1E-08. This method can be used with any argument value, and can be used to solve other integrals in hydrogeology such as the leaky aquifer integral.

Integral equation methods for computing likelihoods and their derivatives in the stochastic integrate-and-fire model.

PubMed

Paninski, Liam; Haith, Adrian; Szirtes, Gabor

2008-02-01

We recently introduced likelihood-based methods for fitting stochastic integrate-and-fire models to spike train data. The key component of this method involves the likelihood that the model will emit a spike at a given time t. Computing this likelihood is equivalent to computing a Markov first passage time density (the probability that the model voltage crosses threshold for the first time at time t). Here we detail an improved method for computing this likelihood, based on solving a certain integral equation. This integral equation method has several advantages over the techniques discussed in our previous work: in particular, the new method has fewer free parameters and is easily differentiable (for gradient computations). The new method is also easily adaptable for the case in which the model conductance, not just the input current, is time-varying. Finally, we describe how to incorporate large deviations approximations to very small likelihoods.

Fast integral methods for integrated optical systems simulations: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleemann, Bernd H.

2015-09-01

Boundary integral equation methods (BIM) or simply integral methods (IM) in the context of optical design and simulation are rigorous electromagnetic methods solving Helmholtz or Maxwell equations on the boundary (surface or interface of the structures between two materials) for scattering or/and diffraction purposes. This work is mainly restricted to integral methods for diffracting structures such as gratings, kinoforms, diffractive optical elements (DOEs), micro Fresnel lenses, computer generated holograms (CGHs), holographic or digital phase holograms, periodic lithographic structures, and the like. In most cases all of the mentioned structures have dimensions of thousands of wavelengths in diameter. Therefore, the basic methods necessary for the numerical treatment are locally applied electromagnetic grating diffraction algorithms. Interestingly, integral methods belong to the first electromagnetic methods investigated for grating diffraction. The development started in the mid 1960ies for gratings with infinite conductivity and it was mainly due to the good convergence of the integral methods especially for TM polarization. The first integral equation methods (IEM) for finite conductivity were the methods by D. Maystre at Fresnel Institute in Marseille: in 1972/74 for dielectric, and metallic gratings, and later for multiprofile, and other types of gratings and for photonic crystals. Other methods such as differential and modal methods suffered from unstable behaviour and slow convergence compared to BIMs for metallic gratings in TM polarization from the beginning to the mid 1990ies. The first BIM for gratings using a parametrization of the profile was developed at Karl-Weierstrass Institute in Berlin under a contract with Carl Zeiss Jena works in 1984-1986 by A. Pomp, J. Creutziger, and the author. Due to the parametrization, this method was able to deal with any kind of surface grating from the beginning: whether profiles with edges, overhanging non-functional profiles, very deep ones, very large ones compared to wavelength, or simple smooth profiles. This integral method with either trigonometric or spline collocation, iterative solver with O(N2) complexity, named IESMP, was significantly improved by an efficient mesh refinement, matrix preconditioning, Ewald summation method, and an exponentially convergent quadrature in 2006 by G. Schmidt and A. Rathsfeld from Weierstrass-Institute (WIAS) Berlin. The so-called modified integral method (MIM) is a modification of the IEM of D. Maystre and has been introduced by L. Goray in 1995. It has been improved for weak convergence problems in 2001 and it was the only commercial available integral method for a long time, known as PCGRATE. All referenced integral methods so far are for in-plane diffraction only, no conical diffraction was possible. The first integral method for gratings in conical mounting was developed and proven under very weak conditions by G. Schmidt (WIAS) in 2010. It works for separated interfaces and for inclusions as well as for interpenetrating interfaces and for a large number of thin and thick layers in the same stable way. This very fast method has then been implemented for parallel processing under Unix and Windows operating systems. This work gives an overview over the most important BIMs for grating diffraction. It starts by presenting the historical evolution of the methods, highlights their advantages and differences, and gives insight into new approaches and their achievements. It addresses future open challenges at the end.

Effects of composition and testing conditions on oxidation behavior of four cast commercial nickel-base superalloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowell, C. E.; Probst, H. B.

1974-01-01

Four cast nickel-base superalloys were oxidized at 1000 and 1100 C for times up to 100 hr in static air and a Mach 1 gas stream. The oxidation resistance was judged by weight change, metal thickness loss, depletion-zone formation, and oxide formation and morphology. The alloys which formed mostly nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (B-1900, VIA, and to a lesser extent 713C) were more oxidation resistant. Poorer oxidation resistance was associated with the appearance of chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3) and chromite spinel (738X). Refractory metal content had little effect on oxidation resistance. Refractory metals appeared in the scale as tapiolite (NiM2O6, where M represents the refractory metal). Thermal cycling in static air appeared to supply sufficient data for the evaluation of oxidation resistance, especially for alloys which form oxides of low volatility. For alloys of higher chromium levels with high propensities toward forming a chromium-bearing scale of higher volatility, testing under conditions of high gas velocity is necessary to assess fully the behavior of the alloy.

Parental buffering of fear and stress neurobiology: Reviewing parallels across rodent, monkey, and human models

PubMed Central

Gunnar, Megan R.; Hostinar, Camelia E.; Sanchez, Mar M.; Tottenham, Nim; Sullivan, Regina M.

2016-01-01

It has been long recognized that parents exert profound influences on child development. Dating back to at least the seventeenth-century Enlightenment, the ability for parents to shape child behavior in an enduring way has been noted. Twentieth-century scholars developed theories to explain how parenting histories influence psychological development, and since that time, the number of scientific publications on parenting influences in both human and nonhuman animal fields has grown at an exponential rate, reaching numbers in the thousands by 2015. This special issue describes a symposium delivered by Megan Gunnar, Regina Sullivan, Mar Sanchez, and Nim Tottenham in the Fall of 2014 at the Society for Social Neuroscience. The goal of the symposium was to describe the emerging knowledge on neurobiological mechanisms that mediate parent–offspring interactions across three different species: rodent, monkey, and human. The talks were aimed at designing testable models of parenting effects on the development of emotional and stress regulation. Specifically, the symposium aimed at characterizing the special modulatory (buffering) effects of parental cues on fear- and stress-relevant neurobiology and behaviors of the offspring and to discuss examples of impaired buffering when the parent–infant relationship is disrupted. PMID:26234160

Infrared Spectra of Hydrated Magnesium Salts and their Role in the Search for Possible Life Conditions on Jupiter Moons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaban, Galina; Huo, Winifred M.; Lee, Timothy J.; Kwak, Dochan (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Recent observations from the Galileo satellite indicate that three of the Jupiter moons, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, may have subsurface oceans. Possible existence of such ocean and the nature of its composition are of great interest to astrobiologists. Data from Galileo's NIMS spectrometer indicate the possibility of hydrated salts on Europa's surface. To aid in the design of future missions, we investigated infrared spectra of MgSO4-nH20, n=1-3 using ab initio calculations. Geometry, energetics, dipole moments, vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities of pure and hydrated MgSO4 salts were determined. Significant differences are found between vibrational spectra of water molecules in complexes with MgSO4 and pure water. Some of the O-H stretching frequencies in the complexes are shifted to the red by up to 1,500 - 2,000 per cm. In addition, the SO2 stretching vibrations are found at lower frequency regions than the water vibrations. The calculated bands of water and SO2 fragments can serve as markers for the existence of the salt-water complexes on the surface of Jupiter's moon.

Parental buffering of fear and stress neurobiology: Reviewing parallels across rodent, monkey, and human models.

PubMed

Gunnar, Megan R; Hostinar, Camelia E; Sanchez, Mar M; Tottenham, Nim; Sullivan, Regina M

2015-01-01

It has been long recognized that parents exert profound influences on child development. Dating back to at least the seventeenth-century Enlightenment, the ability for parents to shape child behavior in an enduring way has been noted. Twentieth-century scholars developed theories to explain how parenting histories influence psychological development, and since that time, the number of scientific publications on parenting influences in both human and nonhuman animal fields has grown at an exponential rate, reaching numbers in the thousands by 2015. This special issue describes a symposium delivered by Megan Gunnar, Regina Sullivan, Mar Sanchez, and Nim Tottenham in the Fall of 2014 at the Society for Social Neuroscience. The goal of the symposium was to describe the emerging knowledge on neurobiological mechanisms that mediate parent-offspring interactions across three different species: rodent, monkey, and human. The talks were aimed at designing testable models of parenting effects on the development of emotional and stress regulation. Specifically, the symposium aimed at characterizing the special modulatory (buffering) effects of parental cues on fear- and stress-relevant neurobiology and behaviors of the offspring and to discuss examples of impaired buffering when the parent-infant relationship is disrupted.

Final report on CCT-K6: Comparison of local realisations of dew-point temperature scales in the range -50 °C to +20 °C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, S.; Stevens, M.; Abe, H.; Benyon, R.; Bosma, R.; Fernicola, V.; Heinonen, M.; Huang, P.; Kitano, H.; Li, Z.; Nielsen, J.; Ochi, N.; Podmurnaya, O. A.; Scace, G.; Smorgon, D.; Vicente, T.; Vinge, A. F.; Wang, L.; Yi, H.

2015-01-01

A key comparison in dew-point temperature was carried out among the national standards held by NPL (pilot), NMIJ, INTA, VSL, INRIM, MIKES, NIST, NIM, VNIIFTRI-ESB and NMC. A pair of condensation-principle dew-point hygrometers was circulated and used to compare the local realisations of dew point for participant humidity generators in the range -50 °C to +20 °C. The duration of the comparison was prolonged by numerous problems with the hygrometers, requiring some repairs, and several additional check measurements by the pilot. Despite the problems and the extended timescale, the comparison was effective in providing evidence of equivalence. Agreement with the key comparison reference value was achieved in the majority of cases, and bilateral degrees of equivalence are also reported. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

High-resolution ionization detector and array of such detectors

DOEpatents

McGregor, Douglas S [Ypsilanti, MI; Rojeski, Ronald A [Pleasanton, CA

2001-01-16

A high-resolution ionization detector and an array of such detectors are described which utilize a reference pattern of conductive or semiconductive material to form interaction, pervious and measurement regions in an ionization substrate of, for example, CdZnTe material. The ionization detector is a room temperature semiconductor radiation detector. Various geometries of such a detector and an array of such detectors produce room temperature operated gamma ray spectrometers with relatively high resolution. For example, a 1 cm.sup.3 detector is capable of measuring .sup.137 Cs 662 keV gamma rays with room temperature energy resolution approaching 2% at FWHM. Two major types of such detectors include a parallel strip semiconductor Frisch grid detector and the geometrically weighted trapezoid prism semiconductor Frisch grid detector. The geometrically weighted detector records room temperature (24.degree. C.) energy resolutions of 2.68% FWHM for .sup.137 Cs 662 keV gamma rays and 2.45% FWHM for .sup.60 Co 1.332 MeV gamma rays. The detectors perform well without any electronic pulse rejection, correction or compensation techniques. The devices operate at room temperature with simple commercially available NIM bin electronics and do not require special preamplifiers or cooling stages for good spectroscopic results.

DIII-D Neutron Measurement: Status and Plan for Simplification and Upgrade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Y. B.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Taylor, P. L.; Finkenthal, D.

2017-10-01

Neutron diagnostics play key essential roles on DIII-D. Historically an 18-channel 2.45MeV D-D neutron measurement system based on 3He and BF3 proportional counters was inherited from Doublet-III including associated electronics and CAMAC data acquisition. Three fission chambers and two neutron scintillators were added in the 1980s and middle 1990s respectively. For Tritium burn-up studies, two 14MeV D-T neutron measurement systems were installed in 2009 and 2010. Operation and maintenance experience have led to a plan to simplify and upgrade these aging systems to provide a more economical and reliable solution for future DIII-D experiments. On simplification, most conventional expensive NIM and CAMAC modules will be removed. Advanced technologies like ultra-fast data acquisition and software-based pulse identification have been successfully tested. Significant data reduction and efficiency improvement will be achieved by real-time digital pulse identification with a field-programmable gate array. The partly renewed system will consist of 4 neutron counters for absolute calibration and 4 relatively calibrated neutron scintillators covering a wide measurement range. Work supported by US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698.

H2O2 Synthesis Induced by Irradiation of H2O with Energetic H(+) and Ar(+) Ions at Various Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baragiola, R. A.; Loeffler, M. J.; Raut, U.; Vidal, R. A.; Carlson, R. W.

2004-01-01

The detection of H2O2 on Jupiter's icy satellite Europa by the Galileo NIMS instrument presented a strong evidence for the importance of radiation effects on icy surfaces. A few experiments have investigated whether solar flux of protons incident on Europa ice could cause a significant if any H2O2 production. These published results differ as to whether H2O2 can be formed by ions impacting water at temperatures near 80 K, which are appropriate to Europa. This discrepancy may be a result of the use of different incident ion energies, different vacuum conditions, or different ways of processing the data. The latter possibility comes about from the difficulty of identifying the 3.5 m peroxide OH band on the long wavelength wing of the much stronger water 3.1 m band. The problem is aggravated by using straight line baselines to represent the water OH band with a curvature, in the region of the peroxide band, that increases with temperature. To overcome this problem, we use polynomial baselines that provide good fits to the water band and its derivative.

Cassini VIMS observations of the Galilean satellites including the VIMS calibration procedure

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCord, T.B.; Coradini, A.; Hibbitts, C.A.; Capaccioni, F.; Hansen, G.B.; Filacchione, G.; Clark, R.N.; Cerroni, P.; Brown, R.H.; Baines, K.H.; Bellucci, G.; Bibring, J.-P.; Buratti, B.J.; Bussoletti, E.; Combes, M.; Cruikshank, D.P.; Drossart, P.; Formisano, V.; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Matson, D.L.; Nelson, R.M.; Nicholson, P.D.; Sicardy, B.; Sotin, Christophe

2004-01-01

The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed the Galilean satellites during the Cassini spacecraft's 2000/2001 flyby of Jupiter, providing compositional and thermal information about their surfaces. The Cassini spacecraft approached the jovian system no closer than about 126 Jupiter radii, about 9 million kilometers, at a phase angle of < 90 ??, resulting in only sub-pixel observations by VIMS of the Galilean satellites. Nevertheless, most of the spectral features discovered by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) aboard the Galileo spacecraft during more than four years of observations have been identified in the VIMS data analyzed so far, including a possible 13C absorption. In addition, VIMS made observations in the visible part of the spectrum and at several new phase angles for all the Galilean satellites and the calculated phase functions are presented. In the process of analyzing these data, the VIMS radiometric and spectral calibrations were better determined in preparation for entry into the Saturn system. Treatment of these data is presented as an example of the VIMS data reduction, calibration and analysis process and a detailed explanation is given of the calibration process applied to the Jupiter data. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development and application of a local linearization algorithm for the integration of quaternion rate equations in real-time flight simulation problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barker, L. E., Jr.; Bowles, R. L.; Williams, L. H.

1973-01-01

High angular rates encountered in real-time flight simulation problems may require a more stable and accurate integration method than the classical methods normally used. A study was made to develop a general local linearization procedure of integrating dynamic system equations when using a digital computer in real-time. The procedure is specifically applied to the integration of the quaternion rate equations. For this application, results are compared to a classical second-order method. The local linearization approach is shown to have desirable stability characteristics and gives significant improvement in accuracy over the classical second-order integration methods.

An equivalent domain integral method for three-dimensional mixed-mode fracture problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shivakumar, K. N.; Raju, I. S.

1991-01-01

A general formulation of the equivalent domain integral (EDI) method for mixed mode fracture problems in cracked solids is presented. The method is discussed in the context of a 3-D finite element analysis. The J integral consists of two parts: the volume integral of the crack front potential over a torus enclosing the crack front and the crack surface integral due to the crack front potential plus the crack face loading. In mixed mode crack problems the total J integral is split into J sub I, J sub II, and J sub III representing the severity of the crack front in three modes of deformations. The direct and decomposition methods are used to separate the modes. These two methods were applied to several mixed mode fracture problems, were analyzed, and results were found to agree well with those available in the literature. The method lends itself to be used as a post-processing subroutine in a general purpose finite element program.

An equivalent domain integral method for three-dimensional mixed-mode fracture problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shivakumar, K. N.; Raju, I. S.

1992-01-01

A general formulation of the equivalent domain integral (EDI) method for mixed mode fracture problems in cracked solids is presented. The method is discussed in the context of a 3-D finite element analysis. The J integral consists of two parts: the volume integral of the crack front potential over a torus enclosing the crack front and the crack surface integral due to the crack front potential plus the crack face loading. In mixed mode crack problems the total J integral is split into J sub I, J sub II, and J sub III representing the severity of the crack front in three modes of deformations. The direct and decomposition methods are used to separate the modes. These two methods were applied to several mixed mode fracture problems, were analyzed, and results were found to agree well with those available in the literature. The method lends itself to be used as a post-processing subroutine in a general purpose finite element program.

Robust rotational-velocity-Verlet integration methods.

PubMed

Rozmanov, Dmitri; Kusalik, Peter G

2010-05-01

Two rotational integration algorithms for rigid-body dynamics are proposed in velocity-Verlet formulation. The first method uses quaternion dynamics and was derived from the original rotational leap-frog method by Svanberg [Mol. Phys. 92, 1085 (1997)]; it produces time consistent positions and momenta. The second method is also formulated in terms of quaternions but it is not quaternion specific and can be easily adapted for any other orientational representation. Both the methods are tested extensively and compared to existing rotational integrators. The proposed integrators demonstrated performance at least at the level of previously reported rotational algorithms. The choice of simulation parameters is also discussed.

Robust rotational-velocity-Verlet integration methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rozmanov, Dmitri; Kusalik, Peter G.

2010-05-01

Two rotational integration algorithms for rigid-body dynamics are proposed in velocity-Verlet formulation. The first method uses quaternion dynamics and was derived from the original rotational leap-frog method by Svanberg [Mol. Phys. 92, 1085 (1997)]; it produces time consistent positions and momenta. The second method is also formulated in terms of quaternions but it is not quaternion specific and can be easily adapted for any other orientational representation. Both the methods are tested extensively and compared to existing rotational integrators. The proposed integrators demonstrated performance at least at the level of previously reported rotational algorithms. The choice of simulation parameters is also discussed.

Measuring the degree of integration for an integrated service network

PubMed Central

Ye, Chenglin; Browne, Gina; Grdisa, Valerie S; Beyene, Joseph; Thabane, Lehana

2012-01-01

Background Integration involves the coordination of services provided by autonomous agencies and improves the organization and delivery of multiple services for target patients. Current measures generally do not distinguish between agencies’ perception and expectation. We propose a method for quantifying the agencies’ service integration. Using the data from the Children’s Treatment Network (CTN), we aimed to measure the degree of integration for the CTN agencies in York and Simcoe. Theory and methods We quantified the integration by the agreement between perceived and expected levels of involvement and calculated four scores from different perspectives for each agency. We used the average score to measure the global network integration and examined the sensitivity of the global score. Results Most agencies’ integration scores were <65%. As measured by the agreement between every other agency’s perception and expectation, the overall integration of CTN in Simcoe and York was 44% (95% CI: 39%–49%) and 52% (95% CI: 48%–56%), respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the global scores were robust. Conclusion Our method extends existing measures of integration and possesses a good extent of validity. We can also apply the method in monitoring improvement and linking integration with other outcomes. PMID:23593050

Development of a modularized two-step (M2S) chromosome integration technique for integration of multiple transcription units in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Li, Siwei; Ding, Wentao; Zhang, Xueli; Jiang, Huifeng; Bi, Changhao

2016-01-01

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has already been used for heterologous production of fuel chemicals and valuable natural products. The establishment of complicated heterologous biosynthetic pathways in S. cerevisiae became the research focus of Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering. Thus, simple and efficient genomic integration techniques of large number of transcription units are demanded urgently. An efficient DNA assembly and chromosomal integration method was created by combining homologous recombination (HR) in S. cerevisiae and Golden Gate DNA assembly method, designated as modularized two-step (M2S) technique. Two major assembly steps are performed consecutively to integrate multiple transcription units simultaneously. In Step 1, Modularized scaffold containing a head-to-head promoter module and a pair of terminators was assembled with two genes. Thus, two transcription units were assembled with Golden Gate method into one scaffold in one reaction. In Step 2, the two transcription units were mixed with modules of selective markers and integration sites and transformed into S. cerevisiae for assembly and integration. In both steps, universal primers were designed for identification of correct clones. Establishment of a functional β-carotene biosynthetic pathway in S. cerevisiae within 5 days demonstrated high efficiency of this method, and a 10-transcriptional-unit pathway integration illustrated the capacity of this method. Modular design of transcription units and integration elements simplified assembly and integration procedure, and eliminated frequent designing and synthesis of DNA fragments in previous methods. Also, by assembling most parts in Step 1 in vitro, the number of DNA cassettes for homologous integration in Step 2 was significantly reduced. Thus, high assembly efficiency, high integration capacity, and low error rate were achieved.

A Fifth-order Symplectic Trigonometrically Fitted Partitioned Runge-Kutta Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalogiratou, Z.; Monovasilis, Th.; Simos, T. E.

2007-09-01

Trigonometrically fitted symplectic Partitioned Runge Kutta (EFSPRK) methods for the numerical integration of Hamoltonian systems with oscillatory solutions are derived. These methods integrate exactly differential systems whose solutions can be expressed as linear combinations of the set of functions sin(wx),cos(wx), w∈R. We modify a fifth order symplectic PRK method with six stages so to derive an exponentially fitted SPRK method. The methods are tested on the numerical integration of the two body problem.

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays

PubMed Central

Guetterman, Timothy C.; Fetters, Michael D.; Creswell, John W.

2015-01-01

PURPOSE Mixed methods research is becoming an important methodology to investigate complex health-related topics, yet the meaningful integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains elusive and needs further development. A promising innovation to facilitate integration is the use of visual joint displays that bring data together visually to draw out new insights. The purpose of this study was to identify exemplar joint displays by analyzing the various types of joint displays being used in published articles. METHODS We searched for empirical articles that included joint displays in 3 journals that publish state-of-the-art mixed methods research. We analyzed each of 19 identified joint displays to extract the type of display, mixed methods design, purpose, rationale, qualitative and quantitative data sources, integration approaches, and analytic strategies. Our analysis focused on what each display communicated and its representation of mixed methods analysis. RESULTS The most prevalent types of joint displays were statistics-by-themes and side-by-side comparisons. Innovative joint displays connected findings to theoretical frameworks or recommendations. Researchers used joint displays for convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and intervention designs. We identified exemplars for each of these designs by analyzing the inferences gained through using the joint display. Exemplars represented mixed methods integration, presented integrated results, and yielded new insights. CONCLUSIONS Joint displays appear to provide a structure to discuss the integrated analysis and assist both researchers and readers in understanding how mixed methods provides new insights. We encourage researchers to use joint displays to integrate and represent mixed methods analysis and discuss their value. PMID:26553895

Survey of Pharmacy Schools' Approaches and Attitudes toward Curricular Integration.

PubMed

Poirier, Therese I; Fan, Jingyang; Nieto, Marcelo J

2016-08-25

Objective. To identify ways in which curricular integration is addressed in US pharmacy schools, the structure of therapeutics and foundational science courses, and perceptions of the effects current curricular integration methods have on student learning. Methods. An electronic survey was sent to academic leaders representing 131 pharmacy schools in the United States. Frequency data was tabulated and demographic analysis was performed. Results. Respondent data represents 94 schools of pharmacy. Arranging similar content from various disciplines in a course, a skills laboratory and pharmacy practice experiences were the most common methods for achieving curricular integration. More than one half of the schools indicated that foundational sciences were integrated with therapeutics. The most common reported challenge to curricular integration was logistics. Conclusion. Pharmacy education in the United States has evolved in addressing curricular integration in the curricula, which is consistent with changes in accreditation standards. Most pharmacy schools reported a variety of methods for achieving the intent of curricular integration.

Visualizing Volume to Help Students Understand the Disk Method on Calculus Integral Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tasman, F.; Ahmad, D.

2018-04-01

Many research shown that students have difficulty in understanding the concepts of integral calculus. Therefore this research is interested in designing a classroom activity integrated with design research method to assist students in understanding the integrals concept especially in calculating the volume of rotary objects using disc method. In order to support student development in understanding integral concepts, this research tries to use realistic mathematical approach by integrating geogebra software. First year university student who takes a calculus course (approximately 30 people) was chosen to implement the classroom activity that has been designed. The results of retrospective analysis show that visualizing volume of rotary objects using geogebra software can assist the student in understanding the disc method as one way of calculating the volume of a rotary object.

A multilevel finite element method for Fredholm integral eigenvalue problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Hehu; Zhou, Tao

2015-12-01

In this work, we proposed a multigrid finite element (MFE) method for solving the Fredholm integral eigenvalue problems. The main motivation for such studies is to compute the Karhunen-Loève expansions of random fields, which play an important role in the applications of uncertainty quantification. In our MFE framework, solving the eigenvalue problem is converted to doing a series of integral iterations and eigenvalue solving in the coarsest mesh. Then, any existing efficient integration scheme can be used for the associated integration process. The error estimates are provided, and the computational complexity is analyzed. It is noticed that the total computational work of our method is comparable with a single integration step in the finest mesh. Several numerical experiments are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed numerical method.

Fredholm-Volterra Integral Equation with a Generalized Singular Kernel and its Numerical Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Kalla, I. L.; Al-Bugami, A. M.

2010-11-01

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of solution of the Fredholm-Volterra integral equation (F-VIE), with a generalized singular kernel, are discussed and proved in the spaceL2(Ω)×C(0,T). The Fredholm integral term (FIT) is considered in position while the Volterra integral term (VIT) is considered in time. Using a numerical technique we have a system of Fredholm integral equations (SFIEs). This system of integral equations can be reduced to a linear algebraic system (LAS) of equations by using two different methods. These methods are: Toeplitz matrix method and Product Nyström method. A numerical examples are considered when the generalized kernel takes the following forms: Carleman function, logarithmic form, Cauchy kernel, and Hilbert kernel.

The general 2-D moments via integral transform method for acoustic radiation and scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Jerry R.; Mirotznik, Mark S.

2004-05-01

The moments via integral transform method (MITM) is a technique to analytically reduce the 2-D method of moments (MoM) impedance double integrals into single integrals. By using a special integral representation of the Green's function, the impedance integral can be analytically simplified to a single integral in terms of transformed shape and weight functions. The reduced expression requires fewer computations and reduces the fill times of the MoM impedance matrix. Furthermore, the resulting integral is analytic for nearly arbitrary shape and weight function sets. The MITM technique is developed for mixed boundary conditions and predictions with basic shape and weight function sets are presented. Comparisons of accuracy and speed between MITM and brute force are presented. [Work sponsored by ONR and NSWCCD ILIR Board.

A Methodology for Conducting Integrative Mixed Methods Research and Data Analyses

PubMed Central

Castro, Felipe González; Kellison, Joshua G.; Boyd, Stephen J.; Kopak, Albert

2011-01-01

Mixed methods research has gained visibility within the last few years, although limitations persist regarding the scientific caliber of certain mixed methods research designs and methods. The need exists for rigorous mixed methods designs that integrate various data analytic procedures for a seamless transfer of evidence across qualitative and quantitative modalities. Such designs can offer the strength of confirmatory results drawn from quantitative multivariate analyses, along with “deep structure” explanatory descriptions as drawn from qualitative analyses. This article presents evidence generated from over a decade of pilot research in developing an integrative mixed methods methodology. It presents a conceptual framework and methodological and data analytic procedures for conducting mixed methods research studies, and it also presents illustrative examples from the authors' ongoing integrative mixed methods research studies. PMID:22167325

Method for the numerical integration of equations of perturbed satellite motion in problems of space geodesy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plakhov, Iu. V.; Mytsenko, A. V.; Shel'Pov, V. A.

A numerical integration method is developed that is more accurate than Everhart's (1974) implicit single-sequence approach for integrating orbits. This method can be used to solve problems of space geodesy based on the use of highly precise laser observations.

An integrated algorithm for hypersonic fluid-thermal-structural numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jia-Wei; Wang, Jiang-Feng

2018-05-01

In this paper, a fluid-structural-thermal integrated method is presented based on finite volume method. A unified integral equations system is developed as the control equations for physical process of aero-heating and structural heat transfer. The whole physical field is discretized by using an up-wind finite volume method. To demonstrate its capability, the numerical simulation of Mach 6.47 flow over stainless steel cylinder shows a good agreement with measured values, and this method dynamically simulates the objective physical processes. Thus, the integrated algorithm proves to be efficient and reliable.

A systematic and efficient method to compute multi-loop master integrals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Xiao; Ma, Yan-Qing; Wang, Chen-Yu

2018-04-01

We propose a novel method to compute multi-loop master integrals by constructing and numerically solving a system of ordinary differential equations, with almost trivial boundary conditions. Thus it can be systematically applied to problems with arbitrary kinematic configurations. Numerical tests show that our method can not only achieve results with high precision, but also be much faster than the only existing systematic method sector decomposition. As a by product, we find a new strategy to compute scalar one-loop integrals without reducing them to master integrals.

Mixed methods in psychotherapy research: A review of method(ology) integration in psychotherapy science.

PubMed

Bartholomew, Theodore T; Lockard, Allison J

2018-06-13

Mixed methods can foster depth and breadth in psychological research. However, its use remains in development in psychotherapy research. Our purpose was to review the use of mixed methods in psychotherapy research. Thirty-one studies were identified via the PRISMA systematic review method. Using Creswell & Plano Clark's typologies to identify design characteristics, we assessed each study for rigor and how each used mixed methods. Key features of mixed methods designs and these common patterns were identified: (a) integration of clients' perceptions via mixing; (b) understanding group psychotherapy; (c) integrating methods with cases and small samples; (d) analyzing clinical data as qualitative data; and (e) exploring cultural identities in psychotherapy through mixed methods. The review is discussed with respect to the value of integrating multiple data in single studies to enhance psychotherapy research. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Feedback Integrators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Dong Eui; Jiménez, Fernando; Perlmutter, Matthew

2016-12-01

A new method is proposed to numerically integrate a dynamical system on a manifold such that the trajectory stably remains on the manifold and preserves the first integrals of the system. The idea is that given an initial point in the manifold we extend the dynamics from the manifold to its ambient Euclidean space and then modify the dynamics outside the intersection of the manifold and the level sets of the first integrals containing the initial point such that the intersection becomes a unique local attractor of the resultant dynamics. While the modified dynamics theoretically produces the same trajectory as the original dynamics, it yields a numerical trajectory that stably remains on the manifold and preserves the first integrals. The big merit of our method is that the modified dynamics can be integrated with any ordinary numerical integrator such as Euler or Runge-Kutta. We illustrate this method by applying it to three famous problems: the free rigid body, the Kepler problem and a perturbed Kepler problem with rotational symmetry. We also carry out simulation studies to demonstrate the excellence of our method and make comparisons with the standard projection method, a splitting method and Störmer-Verlet schemes.

Boundary-integral methods in elasticity and plasticity. [solutions of boundary value problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mendelson, A.

1973-01-01

Recently developed methods that use boundary-integral equations applied to elastic and elastoplastic boundary value problems are reviewed. Direct, indirect, and semidirect methods using potential functions, stress functions, and displacement functions are described. Examples of the use of these methods for torsion problems, plane problems, and three-dimensional problems are given. It is concluded that the boundary-integral methods represent a powerful tool for the solution of elastic and elastoplastic problems.

A finite element: Boundary integral method for electromagnetic scattering. Ph.D. Thesis Technical Report, Feb. - Sep. 1992

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, J. D.; Volakis, John L.

1992-01-01

A method that combines the finite element and boundary integral techniques for the numerical solution of electromagnetic scattering problems is presented. The finite element method is well known for requiring a low order storage and for its capability to model inhomogeneous structures. Of particular emphasis in this work is the reduction of the storage requirement by terminating the finite element mesh on a boundary in a fashion which renders the boundary integrals in convolutional form. The fast Fourier transform is then used to evaluate these integrals in a conjugate gradient solver, without a need to generate the actual matrix. This method has a marked advantage over traditional integral equation approaches with respect to the storage requirement of highly inhomogeneous structures. Rectangular, circular, and ogival mesh termination boundaries are examined for two-dimensional scattering. In the case of axially symmetric structures, the boundary integral matrix storage is reduced by exploiting matrix symmetries and solving the resulting system via the conjugate gradient method. In each case several results are presented for various scatterers aimed at validating the method and providing an assessment of its capabilities. Important in methods incorporating boundary integral equations is the issue of internal resonance. A method is implemented for their removal, and is shown to be effective in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional applications.

The integration of the motion equations of low-orbiting earth satellites using Taylor's method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krivov, A. V.; Chernysheva, N. A.

1990-04-01

A method for the numerical integration of the equations of motion for a satellite is proposed, taking the earth's oblateness and atmospheric drag into account. The method is based on Taylor's representation of the solution to the corresponding polynomial system. The algorithm for choosing the integration step and error estimation is constructed. The method is realized as a subrouting package. The method is applied to a low-orbiting earth satellite and the results are compared with those obtained using Everhart's method.

The staircase method: integrals for periodic reductions of integrable lattice equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Kamp, Peter H.; Quispel, G. R. W.

2010-11-01

We show, in full generality, that the staircase method (Papageorgiou et al 1990 Phys. Lett. A 147 106-14, Quispel et al 1991 Physica A 173 243-66) provides integrals for mappings, and correspondences, obtained as traveling wave reductions of (systems of) integrable partial difference equations. We apply the staircase method to a variety of equations, including the Korteweg-De Vries equation, the five-point Bruschi-Calogero-Droghei equation, the quotient-difference (QD)-algorithm and the Boussinesq system. We show that, in all these cases, if the staircase method provides r integrals for an n-dimensional mapping, with 2r, then one can introduce q <= 2r variables, which reduce the dimension of the mapping from n to q. These dimension-reducing variables are obtained as joint invariants of k-symmetries of the mappings. Our results support the idea that often the staircase method provides sufficiently many integrals for the periodic reductions of integrable lattice equations to be completely integrable. We also study reductions on other quad-graphs than the regular {\\ Z}^2 lattice, and we prove linear growth of the multi-valuedness of iterates of high-dimensional correspondences obtained as reductions of the QD-algorithm.

Integration of virtual and real scenes within an integral 3D imaging environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Jinsong; Aggoun, Amar; McCormick, Malcolm

2002-11-01

The Imaging Technologies group at De Montfort University has developed an integral 3D imaging system, which is seen as the most likely vehicle for 3D television avoiding psychological effects. To create real fascinating three-dimensional television programs, a virtual studio that performs the task of generating, editing and integrating the 3D contents involving virtual and real scenes is required. The paper presents, for the first time, the procedures, factors and methods of integrating computer-generated virtual scenes with real objects captured using the 3D integral imaging camera system. The method of computer generation of 3D integral images, where the lens array is modelled instead of the physical camera is described. In the model each micro-lens that captures different elemental images of the virtual scene is treated as an extended pinhole camera. An integration process named integrated rendering is illustrated. Detailed discussion and deep investigation are focused on depth extraction from captured integral 3D images. The depth calculation method from the disparity and the multiple baseline method that is used to improve the precision of depth estimation are also presented. The concept of colour SSD and its further improvement in the precision is proposed and verified.

Exponential integrators in time-dependent density-functional calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kidd, Daniel; Covington, Cody; Varga, Kálmán

2017-12-01

The integrating factor and exponential time differencing methods are implemented and tested for solving the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations. Popular time propagation methods used in physics, as well as other robust numerical approaches, are compared to these exponential integrator methods in order to judge the relative merit of the computational schemes. We determine an improvement in accuracy of multiple orders of magnitude when describing dynamics driven primarily by a nonlinear potential. For cases of dynamics driven by a time-dependent external potential, the accuracy of the exponential integrator methods are less enhanced but still match or outperform the best of the conventional methods tested.

Integral-equation based methods for parameter estimation in output pulses of radiation detectors: Application in nuclear medicine and spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohammadian-Behbahani, Mohammad-Reza; Saramad, Shahyar

2018-04-01

Model based analysis methods are relatively new approaches for processing the output data of radiation detectors in nuclear medicine imaging and spectroscopy. A class of such methods requires fast algorithms for fitting pulse models to experimental data. In order to apply integral-equation based methods for processing the preamplifier output pulses, this article proposes a fast and simple method for estimating the parameters of the well-known bi-exponential pulse model by solving an integral equation. The proposed method needs samples from only three points of the recorded pulse as well as its first and second order integrals. After optimizing the sampling points, the estimation results were calculated and compared with two traditional integration-based methods. Different noise levels (signal-to-noise ratios from 10 to 3000) were simulated for testing the functionality of the proposed method, then it was applied to a set of experimental pulses. Finally, the effect of quantization noise was assessed by studying different sampling rates. Promising results by the proposed method endorse it for future real-time applications.

A Scattered Light Correction to Color Images Taken of Europa by the Galileo Spacecraft: Initial Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phillips, C. B.; Valenti, M.

2009-12-01

Jupiter's moon Europa likely possesses an ocean of liquid water beneath its icy surface, but estimates of the thickness of the surface ice shell vary from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers. Color images of Europa reveal the existence of a reddish, non-ice component associated with a variety of geological features. The composition and origin of this material is uncertain, as is its relationship to Europa's various landforms. Published analyses of Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) observations indicate the presence of highly hydrated sulfate compounds. This non-ice material may also bear biosignatures or other signs of biotic material. Additional spectral information from the Galileo Solid State Imager (SSI) could further elucidate the nature of the surface deposits, particularly when combined with information from the NIMS. However, little effort has been focused on this approach because proper calibration of the color image data is challenging, requiring both skill and patience to process the data and incorporate the appropriate scattered light correction. We are currently working to properly calibrate the color SSI data. The most important and most difficult issue to address in the analysis of multispectral SSI data entails using thorough calibrations and a correction for scattered light. Early in the Galileo mission, studies of the Galileo SSI data for the moon revealed discrepancies of up to 10% in relative reflectance between images containing scattered light and images corrected for scattered light. Scattered light adds a wavelength-dependent low-intensity brightness factor to pixels across an image. For example, a large bright geological feature located just outside the field of view of an image will scatter extra light onto neighboring pixels within the field of view. Scattered light can be seen as a dim halo surrounding an image that includes a bright limb, and can also come from light scattered inside the camera by dirt, edges, and the interfaces of lenses. Because of the wavelength dependence of this effect, a scattered light correction must be performed on any SSI multispectral dataset before quantitative spectral analysis can be done. The process involves using a point-spread function for each filter that helps determine the amount of scattered light expected for a given pixel based on its location and the model attenuation factor for that pixel. To remove scattered light for a particular image taken through a particular filter, the Fourier transform of the attenuation function, which is the point spread function for that filter, is convolved with the Fourier transform of the image at the same wavelength. The result is then filtered for noise in the frequency domain, and then transformed back to the spatial domain. This results in a version of the original image that would have been taken without the scattered light contribution. We will report on our initial results from this calibration.

Hydrated salt minerals on Europa's Surface from the Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCord, T.B.; Hansen, G.B.; Matson, D.L.; Johnson, T.V.; Crowley, J.K.; Fanale, F.P.; Carlson, R.W.; Smythe, W.D.; Martin, P.D.; Hibbitts, C.A.; Granahan, J.C.; Ocampo, A.

1999-01-01

We reported evidence of heavily hydrated salt minerals present over large areas of Europa's surface from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) [McCord et al., 1997a, b, 1998a, b]. Here we elaborate on this earlier evidence, present spatial distributions of these minerals, examine alternate water-ice interpretations, expand on our hydrated-salts interpretation, consider salt mineral stability on Europa, and discuss the implications. Extensive well-defined areas on Europa show distinct, asymmetric water-related absorption bands in the 1 to 2.5-??m region. Radiative transfer modeling of water ice involving different particle sizes and layers at Europa temperatures does not reproduce the distinctive Europa water bands. However, ice near its melting temperature, such as in terrestrial environments, does have some characteristics of the Europa spectrum. Alternatively, some classes of heavily hydrated minerals do exhibit such water bands. Among plausible materials, heavily hydrated salt minerals, such as magnesium and sodium sulfates, sodium carbonate and their mixtures, are preferred. All Europa spectral features are present in some salt minerals and a very good match to the Europa spectrum can be achieved by mixing several salt spectra. However, no single or mix of salt mineral spectra from the limited library available has so far been found to perfectly match the Europa spectrum in every detail. The material is concentrated at the lineaments and in chaotic terrain, which are technically disrupted areas on the trailing side. Since the spectrum of the material on Europa is nearly the same everywhere so-far studied, the salt or salt-mixture composition may be nearly uniform. This suggests similar sources and processes over at least a near-hemispheric scale. This would suggest that an extensive subsurface ocean containing dissolved salts is the source, and several possible mechanisms for deposit emplacement are considered. The hydrogen bonds associated with hydration of these salts are similar or greater in strength and energy to those in pure water ice. Thus, once on the surface, the salt minerals should be as stable to disruption as water ice at the Europa temperatures, and mechanisms are suggested to enhance the stability of both materials. Spectra obtained of MgSO4???6H2O at 77 K show only small differences from room temperature spectra. The main difference is the .appearance of the individual absorptions composing the broad, composite water features and associated with the several different H2O sites in the salt hydrate molecule. This suggests that the Europa absorption bands are also composites. Thus higher spectral resolution may reveal these diagnostic features in Europa's spectrum. The specific salts present and their relative abundances would be indicators of the chemistry and conditions of an ocean environment, and areas of fresh, heavy concentration of these minerals should make ideal lander mission sampling sites. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

Complex plane integration in the modelling of electromagnetic fields in layered media: part 1. Application to a very large loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, Valdelírio da Silva e.; Régis, Cícero; Howard, Allen Q., Jr.

2014-02-01

This paper analyses the details of a procedure for the numerical integration of Hankel transforms in the calculation of the electromagnetic fields generated by a large horizontal loop over a 1D earth. The method performs the integration by deforming the integration path into the complex plane and applying Cauchy's theorem on a modified version of the integrand. The modification is the replacement of the Bessel functions J0 and J1 by the Hankel functions H_0^{(1)} and H_1^{(1)} respectively. The integration in the complex plane takes advantage of the exponentially decaying behaviour of the Hankel functions, allowing calculation on very small segments, instead of the infinite line of the original improper integrals. A crucial point in this problem is the location of the poles. The companion paper shows two methods to estimate the pole locations. We have used this method to calculate the fields of very large loops. Our results show that this method allows the estimation of the integrals with fewer evaluations of the integrand functions than other methods.

Integration of relational and textual biomedical sources. A pilot experiment using a semi-automated method for logical schema acquisition.

PubMed

García-Remesal, M; Maojo, V; Billhardt, H; Crespo, J

2010-01-01

Bringing together structured and text-based sources is an exciting challenge for biomedical informaticians, since most relevant biomedical sources belong to one of these categories. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of integrating relational and text-based biomedical sources using: i) an original logical schema acquisition method for textual databases developed by the authors, and ii) OntoFusion, a system originally designed by the authors for the integration of relational sources. We conducted an integration experiment involving a test set of seven differently structured sources covering the domain of genetic diseases. We used our logical schema acquisition method to generate schemas for all textual sources. The sources were integrated using the methods and tools provided by OntoFusion. The integration was validated using a test set of 500 queries. A panel of experts answered a questionnaire to evaluate i) the quality of the extracted schemas, ii) the query processing performance of the integrated set of sources, and iii) the relevance of the retrieved results. The results of the survey show that our method extracts coherent and representative logical schemas. Experts' feedback on the performance of the integrated system and the relevance of the retrieved results was also positive. Regarding the validation of the integration, the system successfully provided correct results for all queries in the test set. The results of the experiment suggest that text-based sources including a logical schema can be regarded as equivalent to structured databases. Using our method, previous research and existing tools designed for the integration of structured databases can be reused - possibly subject to minor modifications - to integrate differently structured sources.

The Cagniard Method in Complex Time Revisited

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-04

make the p-integral take the form of a forward Laplace transform, so that the cascade of the two integrals can be identified as a forward and inverse ... transform , thereby making the actual integration unnecessary. Typically, the method is applied to an integral that represents one body wave plus other

Structural reliability calculation method based on the dual neural network and direct integration method.

PubMed

Li, Haibin; He, Yun; Nie, Xiaobo

2018-01-01

Structural reliability analysis under uncertainty is paid wide attention by engineers and scholars due to reflecting the structural characteristics and the bearing actual situation. The direct integration method, started from the definition of reliability theory, is easy to be understood, but there are still mathematics difficulties in the calculation of multiple integrals. Therefore, a dual neural network method is proposed for calculating multiple integrals in this paper. Dual neural network consists of two neural networks. The neural network A is used to learn the integrand function, and the neural network B is used to simulate the original function. According to the derivative relationships between the network output and the network input, the neural network B is derived from the neural network A. On this basis, the performance function of normalization is employed in the proposed method to overcome the difficulty of multiple integrations and to improve the accuracy for reliability calculations. The comparisons between the proposed method and Monte Carlo simulation method, Hasofer-Lind method, the mean value first-order second moment method have demonstrated that the proposed method is an efficient and accurate reliability method for structural reliability problems.

Key comparison study on peptide purity—synthetic human C-peptide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Josephs, R. D.; Li, M.; Song, D.; Westwood, S.; Stoppacher, N.; Daireaux, A.; Choteau, T.; Wielgosz, R.; Xiao, P.; Liu, Y.; Gao, X.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, T.; Mi, W.; Quan, C.; Huang, T.; Li, H.; Flatschart, R.; Borges Oliveira, R.; Melanson, J. E.; Ohlendorf, R.; Henrion, A.; Kinumi, T.; Wong, L.; Liu, Q.; Oztug Senal, M.; Vatansever, B.; Ün, I.; Gören, A. C.; Akgöz, M.; Quaglia, M.; Warren, J.

2017-01-01

Under the auspices of the Protein Analysis Working Group (PAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) a key comparison, CCQM-K115, was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM). Eight Metrology Institutes or Designated Institutes and the BIPM participated. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of human C-peptide (hCP) present as the main component in the comparison sample for CCQM-K115. The comparison samples were prepared from synthetic human hCP purchased from a commercial supplier and used as provided without further treatment or purification. hCP was selected to be representative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of short (up to 5 kDa), non-cross-linked synthetic peptides/proteins. It was anticipated to provide an analytical measurement challenge representative for the value-assignment of compounds of broadly similar structural characteristics. The majority of participants used a peptide impurity corrected amino acid analysis (PICAA) approach as the amount of material that has been provided to each participant (25 mg) is insufficient to perform a full mass balance based characterization of the material by a participating laboratory. The coordinators, both the BIPM and the NIM, were the laboratories to use the mass balance approach as they had more material available. It was decided to propose KCRVs for both the hCP mass fraction and the mass fraction of the peptide related impurities as indispensable contributor regardless of the use of PICAA, mass balance or any other approach to determine the hCP purity. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to determine the hCP mass fraction. In particular it allows participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of peptide related impurity identification and quantification. More detailed studies on the identification/quantification of peptide related impurities and the hydrolysis efficiency revealed that the integrity of the impurity profile of the related peptide impurities obtained by the participant is crucial for the impact on accuracy of the hCP mass fraction assignment. The assessment of the mass fraction of peptide impurities is based on the assumption that only the most exhaustive and elaborate set of results is taken for the calculation of the KCRVPepImp. The KCRVPepImp for the peptide related impurity mass fractions of the material was 83.3 mg/g with a combined standard uncertainty of 1.5 mg/g. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the mass fraction of peptide impurities and additional information obtained from the peptide related impurity profile indicates that in many cases only a very small number of impurities have been identified and quantified resulting in an underestimation of the peptide related impurity mass fractions. The approach to obtain a KCRVhCP for the mass fraction of hCP is based on a mass balance calculation that takes into account the most exhaustive and elaborate set of results for the peptide related impurities KCRVPepImp, the TFA mass fraction value, water and other minor counter ions obtained by the coordinating laboratories. Differences in the quality of the results obtained for both peptides related impurity mass fractions and hCP mass fractions are better weighted and reflected in smaller uncertainties. The KCRVhCP for CCQM-K115 is 801.8 mg/g with a corresponding combined standard uncertainty of 3.1 mg/g. In general, mass balance approaches show smaller uncertainties than PICAA approaches and the majority of results obtained by the PICAA approach are in agreement because of larger corresponding uncertainties. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays.

PubMed

Guetterman, Timothy C; Fetters, Michael D; Creswell, John W

2015-11-01

Mixed methods research is becoming an important methodology to investigate complex health-related topics, yet the meaningful integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains elusive and needs further development. A promising innovation to facilitate integration is the use of visual joint displays that bring data together visually to draw out new insights. The purpose of this study was to identify exemplar joint displays by analyzing the various types of joint displays being used in published articles. We searched for empirical articles that included joint displays in 3 journals that publish state-of-the-art mixed methods research. We analyzed each of 19 identified joint displays to extract the type of display, mixed methods design, purpose, rationale, qualitative and quantitative data sources, integration approaches, and analytic strategies. Our analysis focused on what each display communicated and its representation of mixed methods analysis. The most prevalent types of joint displays were statistics-by-themes and side-by-side comparisons. Innovative joint displays connected findings to theoretical frameworks or recommendations. Researchers used joint displays for convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and intervention designs. We identified exemplars for each of these designs by analyzing the inferences gained through using the joint display. Exemplars represented mixed methods integration, presented integrated results, and yielded new insights. Joint displays appear to provide a structure to discuss the integrated analysis and assist both researchers and readers in understanding how mixed methods provides new insights. We encourage researchers to use joint displays to integrate and represent mixed methods analysis and discuss their value. © 2015 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.

Turbulent boundary layers over nonstationary plane boundaries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roper, A. T.; Gentry, G. L., Jr.

1978-01-01

Methods of predicting integral parameters and skin friction coefficients of turbulent boundary layers developing over moving ground planes were evaluated. The three methods evaluated were: relative integral parameter method; relative power law method; and modified law of the wall method.

Advancing the study of violence against women using mixed methods: integrating qualitative methods into a quantitative research program.

PubMed

Testa, Maria; Livingston, Jennifer A; VanZile-Tamsen, Carol

2011-02-01

A mixed methods approach, combining quantitative with qualitative data methods and analysis, offers a promising means of advancing the study of violence. Integrating semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis into a quantitative program of research on women's sexual victimization has resulted in valuable scientific insight and generation of novel hypotheses for testing. This mixed methods approach is described and recommendations for integrating qualitative data into quantitative research are provided.

Efficient integration method for fictitious domain approaches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duczek, Sascha; Gabbert, Ulrich

2015-10-01

In the current article, we present an efficient and accurate numerical method for the integration of the system matrices in fictitious domain approaches such as the finite cell method (FCM). In the framework of the FCM, the physical domain is embedded in a geometrically larger domain of simple shape which is discretized using a regular Cartesian grid of cells. Therefore, a spacetree-based adaptive quadrature technique is normally deployed to resolve the geometry of the structure. Depending on the complexity of the structure under investigation this method accounts for most of the computational effort. To reduce the computational costs for computing the system matrices an efficient quadrature scheme based on the divergence theorem (Gauß-Ostrogradsky theorem) is proposed. Using this theorem the dimension of the integral is reduced by one, i.e. instead of solving the integral for the whole domain only its contour needs to be considered. In the current paper, we present the general principles of the integration method and its implementation. The results to several two-dimensional benchmark problems highlight its properties. The efficiency of the proposed method is compared to conventional spacetree-based integration techniques.

A new integrated evaluation method of heavy metals pollution control during melting and sintering of MSWI fly ash.

PubMed

Li, Rundong; Li, Yanlong; Yang, Tianhua; Wang, Lei; Wang, Weiyun

2015-05-30

Evaluations of technologies for heavy metal control mainly examine the residual and leaching rates of a single heavy metal, such that developed evaluation method have no coordination or uniqueness and are therefore unsuitable for hazard control effect evaluation. An overall pollution toxicity index (OPTI) was established in this paper, based on the developed index, an integrated evaluation method of heavy metal pollution control was established. Application of this method in the melting and sintering of fly ash revealed the following results: The integrated control efficiency of the melting process was higher in all instances than that of the sintering process. The lowest integrated control efficiency of melting was 56.2%, and the highest integrated control efficiency of sintering was 46.6%. Using the same technology, higher integrated control efficiency conditions were all achieved with lower temperatures and shorter times. This study demonstrated the unification and consistency of this method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

How to fold a spin chain: Integrable boundaries of the Heisenberg XXX and Inozemtsev hyperbolic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De La Rosa Gomez, Alejandro; MacKay, Niall; Regelskis, Vidas

2017-04-01

We present a general method of folding an integrable spin chain, defined on a line, to obtain an integrable open spin chain, defined on a half-line. We illustrate our method through two fundamental models with sl2 Lie algebra symmetry: the Heisenberg XXX and the Inozemtsev hyperbolic spin chains. We obtain new long-range boundary Hamiltonians and demonstrate that they exhibit Yangian symmetries, thus ensuring integrability of the models we obtain. The method presented provides a ;bottom-up; approach for constructing integrable boundaries and can be applied to any spin chain model.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ji, Changyoon, E-mail: changyoon@yonsei.ac.kr; Hong, Taehoon, E-mail: hong7@yonsei.ac.kr

Previous studies have proposed several methods for integrating characterized environmental impacts as a single index in life cycle assessment. Each of them, however, may lead to different results. This study presents internal and external normalization methods, weighting factors proposed by panel methods, and a monetary valuation based on an endpoint life cycle impact assessment method as the integration methods. Furthermore, this study investigates the differences among the integration methods and identifies the causes of the differences through a case study in which five elementary school buildings were used. As a result, when using internal normalization with weighting factors, the weightingmore » factors had a significant influence on the total environmental impacts whereas the normalization had little influence on the total environmental impacts. When using external normalization with weighting factors, the normalization had more significant influence on the total environmental impacts than weighing factors. Due to such differences, the ranking of the five buildings varied depending on the integration methods. The ranking calculated by the monetary valuation method was significantly different from that calculated by the normalization and weighting process. The results aid decision makers in understanding the differences among these integration methods, and, finally, help them select the method most appropriate for the goal at hand.« less

Exponential Methods for the Time Integration of Schroedinger Equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cano, B.; Gonzalez-Pachon, A.

2010-09-30

We consider exponential methods of second order in time in order to integrate the cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We are interested in taking profit of the special structure of this equation. Therefore, we look at symmetry, symplecticity and approximation of invariants of the proposed methods. That will allow to integrate till long times with reasonable accuracy. Computational efficiency is also our aim. Therefore, we make numerical computations in order to compare the methods considered and so as to conclude that explicit Lawson schemes projected on the norm of the solution are an efficient tool to integrate this equation.

A Numerical Method for Integrating Orbits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahakyan, Karen P.; Melkonyan, Anahit A.; Hayrapetyan, S. R.

2007-08-01

A numerical method based of trigonometric polynomials for integrating of ordinary differential equations of first and second order is suggested. This method is a trigonometric analogue of Everhart's method and can be especially useful for periodical trajectories.

Evaluation of Container Closure System Integrity for Frozen Storage Drug Products.

PubMed

Nieto, Alejandra; Roehl, Holger; Brown, Helen; Nikoloff, Jonas; Adler, Michael; Mahler, Hanns-Christian

2016-01-01

Sometimes, drug product for parenteral administration is stored in a frozen state (e.g., -20 °C or -80 °C), particularly during early stages of development of some biotech molecules in order to provide sufficient stability. Shipment of frozen product could potentially be performed in the frozen state, yet possibly at different temperatures, for example, using dry ice (-80 °C). Container closure systems of drug products usually consist of a glass vial, rubber stopper, and an aluminum crimped cap. In the frozen state, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of commonly used rubber stoppers is between -55 and -65 °C. Below their Tg, rubber stoppers are known to lose their elastic properties and become brittle, and thus potentially fail to maintain container closure integrity in the frozen state. Leaks during frozen temperature storage and transportation are likely to be transient, yet, can possibly risk container closure integrity and lead to microbial contamination. After thawing, the rubber stopper is supposed to re-seal the container closure system. Given the transient nature of the possible impact on container closure integrity in the frozen state, typical container closure integrity testing methods (used at room temperature conditions) are unable to evaluate and thus confirm container closure integrity in the frozen state. Here we present the development of a novel method (thermal physical container closure integrity) for direct assessment of container closure integrity by a physical method (physical container closure integrity) at frozen conditions, using a modified He leakage test. In this study, different container closure systems were evaluated with regard to physical container closure integrity in the frozen state to assess the suitability of vial/stopper combinations and were compared to a gas headspace method. In summary, the thermal physical container closure integrity He leakage method was more sensitive in detecting physical container closure integrity impact than gas headspace and aided identification of an unsuitable container closure system. Sometimes, drug product for parenteral administration is stored in a frozen state (e.g., -20 °C or -80 °C), particularly during early stages of development of some biotech molecules in order to provide sufficient stability. Container closure systems for drug products usually consist of a glass vial, rubber stopper, and an aluminum crimped cap. In the frozen state, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of commonly used rubber stoppers is between -55 and -65 °C. Leaks during frozen temperature storage and transportation are likely to be transient, yet they can possibly risk container closure integrity and lead to microbial contamination and sterility breach. After thawing, the rubber stopper is expected to re-seal the container closure system. Given the transient nature of the possible impact on container closure integrity in the frozen state, typical container closure integrity testing methods (used at room temperature conditions) are unable to evaluate and thus confirm container closure integrity in the frozen state. Here we present the development of a novel method (thermal container closure integrity) for direct measurement of container closure integrity by a physical method (physical container closure integrity) at frozen conditions, using a modified He leakage test. In this study, we found that the thermal container closure integrity He leakage method was more sensitive in detecting physical container closure integrity impact than gas headspace and aided identification of an unsuitable container closure system. © PDA, Inc. 2016.

A Triangular Approach to Integrate Research, Education and Practice in Higher Engineering Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heikkinen, Eetu-Pekka; Jaako, Juha; Hiltunen, Jukka

2017-01-01

Separate approaches in engineering education, research and practice are not very useful when preparing students for working life; instead, integration of education, research and industrial practices is needed. A triangular approach (TA) as a method to accomplish this integration and as a method to provide students with integrated expertise is…

Treatment Integrity Assessment of a Daily Report Card Intervention: A Preliminary Evaluation of Two Methods and Frequencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanetti, Lisa M. Hagermoser; Chafouleas, Sandra M.; O'Keeffe, Breda V.; Kilgus, Stephen P.

2013-01-01

Although intuitively appealing, teacher self-report of treatment integrity is not currently recommended as a method for collecting treatment integrity data. Education researchers have not, however, evaluated features of a treatment integrity self-reporting system that may facilitate accurate self-report. In this preliminary investigation, four…

On Everhart Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pârv, Bazil

This paper deals with the Everhart numerical integration method, a well-known method in astronomical research. This method, a single-step one, is widely used for numerical integration of motion equation of celestial bodies. For an integration step, this method uses unequally-spaced substeps, defined by the roots of the so-called generating polynomial of Everhart's method. For this polynomial, this paper proposes and proves new recurrence formulae. The Maple computer algebra system was used to find and prove these formulae. Again, Maple seems to be well suited and easy to use in mathematical research.

Recent Advances in the Method of Forces: Integrated Force Method of Structural Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patnaik, Surya N.; Coroneos, Rula M.; Hopkins, Dale A.

1998-01-01

Stress that can be induced in an elastic continuum can be determined directly through the simultaneous application of the equilibrium equations and the compatibility conditions. In the literature, this direct stress formulation is referred to as the integrated force method. This method, which uses forces as the primary unknowns, complements the popular equilibrium-based stiffness method, which considers displacements as the unknowns. The integrated force method produces accurate stress, displacement, and frequency results even for modest finite element models. This version of the force method should be developed as an alternative to the stiffness method because the latter method, which has been researched for the past several decades, may have entered its developmental plateau. Stress plays a primary role in the development of aerospace and other products, and its analysis is difficult. Therefore, it is advisable to use both methods to calculate stress and eliminate errors through comparison. This paper examines the role of the integrated force method in analysis, animation and design.

Systems and methods for integrating ion mobility and ion trap mass spectrometers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ibrahim, Yehia M.; Garimella, Sandilya; Prost, Spencer A.

Described herein are examples of systems and methods for integrating IMS and MS systems. In certain examples, systems and methods for decoding double multiplexed data are described. The systems and methods can also perform multiple refining procedures in order to minimize the demultiplexing artifacts. The systems and methods can be used, for example, for the analysis of proteomic and petroleum samples, where the integration of IMS and high mass resolution are used for accurate assignment of molecular formulae.

ADVANCING THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN USING MIXED METHODS: INTEGRATING QUALITATIVE METHODS INTO A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM

PubMed Central

Testa, Maria; Livingston, Jennifer A.; VanZile-Tamsen, Carol

2011-01-01

A mixed methods approach, combining quantitative with qualitative data methods and analysis, offers a promising means of advancing the study of violence. Integrating semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis into a quantitative program of research on women’s sexual victimization has resulted in valuable scientific insight and generation of novel hypotheses for testing. This mixed methods approach is described and recommendations for integrating qualitative data into quantitative research are provided. PMID:21307032

Accurate D-bar Reconstructions of Conductivity Images Based on a Method of Moment with Sinc Basis.

PubMed

Abbasi, Mahdi

2014-01-01

Planar D-bar integral equation is one of the inverse scattering solution methods for complex problems including inverse conductivity considered in applications such as Electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Recently two different methodologies are considered for the numerical solution of D-bar integrals equation, namely product integrals and multigrid. The first one involves high computational burden and the other one suffers from low convergence rate (CR). In this paper, a novel high speed moment method based using the sinc basis is introduced to solve the two-dimensional D-bar integral equation. In this method, all functions within D-bar integral equation are first expanded using the sinc basis functions. Then, the orthogonal properties of their products dissolve the integral operator of the D-bar equation and results a discrete convolution equation. That is, the new moment method leads to the equation solution without direct computation of the D-bar integral. The resulted discrete convolution equation maybe adapted to a suitable structure to be solved using fast Fourier transform. This allows us to reduce the order of computational complexity to as low as O (N (2)log N). Simulation results on solving D-bar equations arising in EIT problem show that the proposed method is accurate with an ultra-linear CR.

Analysis of methods. [information systems evolution environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mayer, Richard J. (Editor); Ackley, Keith A.; Wells, M. Sue; Mayer, Paula S. D.; Blinn, Thomas M.; Decker, Louis P.; Toland, Joel A.; Crump, J. Wesley; Menzel, Christopher P.; Bodenmiller, Charles A.

1991-01-01

Information is one of an organization's most important assets. For this reason the development and maintenance of an integrated information system environment is one of the most important functions within a large organization. The Integrated Information Systems Evolution Environment (IISEE) project has as one of its primary goals a computerized solution to the difficulties involved in the development of integrated information systems. To develop such an environment a thorough understanding of the enterprise's information needs and requirements is of paramount importance. This document is the current release of the research performed by the Integrated Development Support Environment (IDSE) Research Team in support of the IISEE project. Research indicates that an integral part of any information system environment would be multiple modeling methods to support the management of the organization's information. Automated tool support for these methods is necessary to facilitate their use in an integrated environment. An integrated environment makes it necessary to maintain an integrated database which contains the different kinds of models developed under the various methodologies. In addition, to speed the process of development of models, a procedure or technique is needed to allow automatic translation from one methodology's representation to another while maintaining the integrity of both. The purpose for the analysis of the modeling methods included in this document is to examine these methods with the goal being to include them in an integrated development support environment. To accomplish this and to develop a method for allowing intra-methodology and inter-methodology model element reuse, a thorough understanding of multiple modeling methodologies is necessary. Currently the IDSE Research Team is investigating the family of Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) DEFinition (IDEF) languages IDEF(0), IDEF(1), and IDEF(1x), as well as ENALIM, Entity Relationship, Data Flow Diagrams, and Structure Charts, for inclusion in an integrated development support environment.

Parallel/Vector Integration Methods for Dynamical Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukushima, T.

Progress of parallel/vector computers has driven us to develop suitable numerical integrators utilizing their computational power to the full extent while being independent on the size of system to be integrated. Unfortunately, the parallel version of Runge-Kutta type integrators are known to be not so efficient. Recently we developed a parallel version of the extrapolation method (Ito and Fukushima 1997), which allows variable timesteps and still gives an acceleration factor of 3-4 for general problems. While the vector-mode usage of Picard-Chebyshev method (Fukushima 1997a, 1997b) will lead the acceleration factor of order of 1000 for smooth problems such as planetary/satellites orbit integration. The success of multiple-correction PECE mode of time-symmetric implicit Hermitian integrator (Kokubo 1998) seems to enlighten Milankar's so-called "pipelined predictor corrector method", which is expected to lead an acceleration factor of 3-4. We will review these directions and discuss future prospects.

Integrability: mathematical methods for studying solitary waves theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wazwaz, Abdul-Majid

2014-03-01

In recent decades, substantial experimental research efforts have been devoted to linear and nonlinear physical phenomena. In particular, studies of integrable nonlinear equations in solitary waves theory have attracted intensive interest from mathematicians, with the principal goal of fostering the development of new methods, and physicists, who are seeking solutions that represent physical phenomena and to form a bridge between mathematical results and scientific structures. The aim for both groups is to build up our current understanding and facilitate future developments, develop more creative results and create new trends in the rapidly developing field of solitary waves. The notion of the integrability of certain partial differential equations occupies an important role in current and future trends, but a unified rigorous definition of the integrability of differential equations still does not exist. For example, an integrable model in the Painlevé sense may not be integrable in the Lax sense. The Painlevé sense indicates that the solution can be represented as a Laurent series in powers of some function that vanishes on an arbitrary surface with the possibility of truncating the Laurent series at finite powers of this function. The concept of Lax pairs introduces another meaning of the notion of integrability. The Lax pair formulates the integrability of nonlinear equation as the compatibility condition of two linear equations. However, it was shown by many researchers that the necessary integrability conditions are the existence of an infinite series of generalized symmetries or conservation laws for the given equation. The existence of multiple soliton solutions often indicates the integrability of the equation but other tests, such as the Painlevé test or the Lax pair, are necessary to confirm the integrability for any equation. In the context of completely integrable equations, studies are flourishing because these equations are able to describe the real features in a variety of vital areas in science, technology and engineering. In recognition of the importance of solitary waves theory and the underlying concept of integrable equations, a variety of powerful methods have been developed to carry out the required analysis. Examples of such methods which have been advanced are the inverse scattering method, the Hirota bilinear method, the simplified Hirota method, the Bäcklund transformation method, the Darboux transformation, the Pfaffian technique, the Painlevé analysis, the generalized symmetry method, the subsidiary ordinary differential equation method, the coupled amplitude-phase formulation, the sine-cosine method, the sech-tanh method, the mapping and deformation approach and many new other methods. The inverse scattering method, viewed as a nonlinear analogue of the Fourier transform method, is a powerful approach that demonstrates the existence of soliton solutions through intensive computations. At the center of the theory of integrable equations lies the bilinear forms and Hirota's direct method, which can be used to obtain soliton solutions by using exponentials. The Bäcklund transformation method is a useful invariant transformation that transforms one solution into another of a differential equation. The Darboux transformation method is a well known tool in the theory of integrable systems. It is believed that there is a connection between the Bäcklund transformation and the Darboux transformation, but it is as yet not known. Archetypes of integrable equations are the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, the modified KdV equation, the sine-Gordon equation, the Schrödinger equation, the Vakhnenko equation, the KdV6 equation, the Burgers equation, the fifth-order Lax equation and many others. These equations yield soliton solutions, multiple soliton solutions, breather solutions, quasi-periodic solutions, kink solutions, homo-clinic solutions and other solutions as well. The couplings of linear and nonlinear equations were recently discovered and subsequently received considerable attention. The concept of couplings forms a new direction for developing innovative construction methods. The recently obtained results in solitary waves theory highlight new approaches for additional creative ideas, promising further achievements and increased progress in this field. We are grateful to all of the authors who accepted our invitation to contribute to this comment section.

Surface integral analogy approaches for predicting noise from 3D high-lift low-noise wings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Hua-Dong; Davidson, Lars; Eriksson, Lars-Erik; Peng, Shia-Hui; Grundestam, Olof; Eliasson, Peter E.

2014-06-01

Three surface integral approaches of the acoustic analogies are studied to predict the noise from three conceptual configurations of three-dimensional high-lift low-noise wings. The approaches refer to the Kirchhoff method, the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) method of the permeable integral surface and the Curle method that is known as a special case of the FW-H method. The first two approaches are used to compute the noise generated by the core flow region where the energetic structures exist. The last approach is adopted to predict the noise specially from the pressure perturbation on the wall. A new way to construct the integral surface that encloses the core region is proposed for the first two methods. Considering the local properties of the flow around the complex object-the actual wing with high-lift devices-the integral surface based on the vorticity is constructed to follow the flow structures. The surface location is discussed for the Kirchhoff method and the FW-H method because a common surface is used for them. The noise from the core flow region is studied on the basis of the dependent integral quantities, which are indicated by the Kirchhoff formulation and by the FW-H formulation. The role of each wall component on noise contribution is analyzed using the Curle formulation. Effects of the volume integral terms of Lighthill's stress tensors on the noise prediction are then evaluated by comparing the results of the Curle method with the other two methods.

Adapting the Quebecois method for assessing implementation to the French National Alzheimer Plan 2008–2012: lessons for gerontological services integration

PubMed Central

Somme, Dominique; Trouvé, Hélène; Perisset, Catherine; Corvol, Aline; Ankri, Joël; Saint-Jean, Olivier; de Stampa, Matthieu

2014-01-01

Introduction Many countries face ageing-related demographic and epidemiological challenges, notably neurodegenerative disorders, due to the multiple care services they require, thereby pleading for a more integrated system of care. The integrated Quebecois method issued from the Programme of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy inspired a French pilot experiment and the National Alzheimer Plan 2008–2012. Programme of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy method implementation was rated with an evaluation grid adapted to assess its successive degrees of completion. Discussion The approaching end of the president's term led to the method's institutionalization (2011–2012), before the implementation study ended. When the government changed, the study was interrupted. The results extracted from that ‘lost’ study (presented herein) have, nonetheless, ‘found’ some key lessons. Key lessons/conclusion It was possible to implement a Quebecois integrated-care method in France. We describe the lessons and pitfalls encountered in adapting this evaluation tool. This process is necessarily multidisciplinary and requires a test phase. A simple tool for quantitative assessment of integration was obtained. The first assessment of the tool was unsatisfactory but requires further studies. In the meantime, we recommend using mixed methodologies to assess the services integration level. PMID:24959112

Photonic integrated circuits based on silica and polymer PLC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izuhara, T.; Fujita, J.; Gerhardt, R.; Sui, B.; Lin, W.; Grek, B.

2013-03-01

Various methods of hybrid integration of photonic circuits are discussed focusing on merits and challenges. Material platforms discussed in this report are mainly polymer and silica. We categorize the hybridization methods using silica and polymer waveguides into two types, chip-to-chip and on-chip integration. General reviews of these hybridization technologies from the past works are reviewed. An example for each method is discussed in details. We also discuss current status of our silica PLC hybrid integration technology.

On the method of Ermakov and Zolotukhin for multiple integration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cranley, R.; Patterson, T. N. L.

1971-01-01

By introducing the idea of pseudo-implementation, a practical assessment of the method for multiple integration is made. The performance of the method is found to be unimpressive in comparison with a recent regression method.

DYNAMIC PLANE-STRAIN SHEAR RUPTURE WITH A SLIP-WEAKENING FRICTION LAW CALCULATED BY A BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Andrews, D.J.

1985-01-01

A numerical boundary integral method, relating slip and traction on a plane in an elastic medium by convolution with a discretized Green function, can be linked to a slip-dependent friction law on the fault plane. Such a method is developed here in two-dimensional plane-strain geometry. Spontaneous plane-strain shear ruptures can make a transition from sub-Rayleigh to near-P propagation velocity. Results from the boundary integral method agree with earlier results from a finite difference method on the location of this transition in parameter space. The methods differ in their prediction of rupture velocity following the transition. The trailing edge of the cohesive zone propagates at the P-wave velocity after the transition in the boundary integral calculations. Refs.

Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care

PubMed Central

Valentijn, Pim P.; Schepman, Sanneke M.; Opheij, Wilfrid; Bruijnzeels, Marc A.

2013-01-01

Introduction Primary care has a central role in integrating care within a health system. However, conceptual ambiguity regarding integrated care hampers a systematic understanding. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that combines the concepts of primary care and integrated care, in order to understand the complexity of integrated care. Methods The search method involved a combination of electronic database searches, hand searches of reference lists (snowball method) and contacting researchers in the field. The process of synthesizing the literature was iterative, to relate the concepts of primary care and integrated care. First, we identified the general principles of primary care and integrated care. Second, we connected the dimensions of integrated care and the principles of primary care. Finally, to improve content validity we held several meetings with researchers in the field to develop and refine our conceptual framework. Results The conceptual framework combines the functions of primary care with the dimensions of integrated care. Person-focused and population-based care serve as guiding principles for achieving integration across the care continuum. Integration plays complementary roles on the micro (clinical integration), meso (professional and organisational integration) and macro (system integration) level. Functional and normative integration ensure connectivity between the levels. Discussion The presented conceptual framework is a first step to achieve a better understanding of the inter-relationships among the dimensions of integrated care from a primary care perspective. PMID:23687482

A modified precise integration method for transient dynamic analysis in structural systems with multiple damping models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Zhe; Li, Li; Hu, Yujin

2018-01-01

Sophisticated engineering systems are usually assembled by subcomponents with significantly different levels of energy dissipation. Therefore, these damping systems often contain multiple damping models and lead to great difficulties in analyzing. This paper aims at developing a time integration method for structural systems with multiple damping models. The dynamical system is first represented by a generally damped model. Based on this, a new extended state-space method for the damped system is derived. A modified precise integration method with Gauss-Legendre quadrature is then proposed. The numerical stability and accuracy of the proposed integration method are discussed in detail. It is verified that the method is conditionally stable and has inherent algorithmic damping, period error and amplitude decay. Numerical examples are provided to assess the performance of the proposed method compared with other methods. It is demonstrated that the method is more accurate than other methods with rather good efficiency and the stable condition is easy to be satisfied in practice.

Finite element implementation of state variable-based viscoplasticity models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iskovitz, I.; Chang, T. Y. P.; Saleeb, A. F.

1991-01-01

The implementation of state variable-based viscoplasticity models is made in a general purpose finite element code for structural applications of metals deformed at elevated temperatures. Two constitutive models, Walker's and Robinson's models, are studied in conjunction with two implicit integration methods: the trapezoidal rule with Newton-Raphson iterations and an asymptotic integration algorithm. A comparison is made between the two integration methods, and the latter method appears to be computationally more appealing in terms of numerical accuracy and CPU time. However, in order to make the asymptotic algorithm robust, it is necessary to include a self adaptive scheme with subincremental step control and error checking of the Jacobian matrix at the integration points. Three examples are given to illustrate the numerical aspects of the integration methods tested.

Access is Not Enough: A Collaborative Autoethnographic Study of Affordances and Challenges of Teacher Educators' iPad Integration in Elementary Education Methods Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vasinda, Sheri; Ryter, Di Ann; Hathcock, Stephanie; Wang, Qiuying

2017-01-01

Research indicates that preservice teachers' understandings of how to integrate technology into their classrooms are dependent upon experience in their university methods courses and in their field placements. These findings place a new responsibility on teacher educators for modeling effective integration of technology into methods courses. This…

Methods of integrating Islamic values in teaching biology for shaping attitude and character

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Listyono; Supardi, K. I.; Hindarto, N.; Ridlo, S.

2018-03-01

Learning is expected to develop the potential of learners to have the spiritual attitude: moral strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, as well as the skills needed by themselves, society, and nation. Implementation of role and morale in learning is an alternative way which is expected to answer the challenge. The solution offered is to inject student with religious material Islamic in learning biology. The content value of materials teaching biology includes terms of practical value, religious values, daily life value, socio-political value, and the value of art. In Islamic religious values (Qur'an and Hadith) various methods can touch human feelings, souls, and generate motivation. Integrating learning with Islamic value can be done by the deductive or inductive approach. The appropriate method of integration is the amtsal (analog) method, hiwar (dialog) method, targhib & tarhib (encouragement & warning) method, and example method (giving a noble role model / good example). The right strategy in integrating Islamic values is outlined in the design of lesson plan. The integration of Islamic values in lesson plan will facilitate teachers to build students' character because Islamic values can be implemented in every learning steps so students will be accustomed to receiving the character value in this integrated learning.

Iterative integral parameter identification of a respiratory mechanics model.

PubMed

Schranz, Christoph; Docherty, Paul D; Chiew, Yeong Shiong; Möller, Knut; Chase, J Geoffrey

2012-07-18

Patient-specific respiratory mechanics models can support the evaluation of optimal lung protective ventilator settings during ventilation therapy. Clinical application requires that the individual's model parameter values must be identified with information available at the bedside. Multiple linear regression or gradient-based parameter identification methods are highly sensitive to noise and initial parameter estimates. Thus, they are difficult to apply at the bedside to support therapeutic decisions. An iterative integral parameter identification method is applied to a second order respiratory mechanics model. The method is compared to the commonly used regression methods and error-mapping approaches using simulated and clinical data. The clinical potential of the method was evaluated on data from 13 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) patients. The iterative integral method converged to error minima 350 times faster than the Simplex Search Method using simulation data sets and 50 times faster using clinical data sets. Established regression methods reported erroneous results due to sensitivity to noise. In contrast, the iterative integral method was effective independent of initial parameter estimations, and converged successfully in each case tested. These investigations reveal that the iterative integral method is beneficial with respect to computing time, operator independence and robustness, and thus applicable at the bedside for this clinical application.

Integration of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) and traffic information for moving obstacle detection with integrity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Zhen; Vana, Sudha; Bhattacharya, Sumit; Uijt de Haag, Maarten

2009-05-01

This paper discusses the integration of Forward-looking Infrared (FLIR) and traffic information from, for example, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) or the Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B). The goal of this integration method is to obtain an improved state estimate of a moving obstacle within the Field-of-View of the FLIR with added integrity. The focus of the paper will be on the approach phase of the flight. The paper will address methods to extract moving objects from the FLIR imagery and geo-reference these objects using outputs of both the onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS). The proposed extraction method uses a priori airport information and terrain databases. Furthermore, state information from the traffic information sources will be extracted and integrated with the state estimates from the FLIR. Finally, a method will be addressed that performs a consistency check between both sources of traffic information. The methods discussed in this paper will be evaluated using flight test data collected with a Gulfstream V in Reno, NV (GVSITE) and simulated ADS-B.

Parallel/Vector Integration Methods for Dynamical Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukushima, Toshio

1999-01-01

This paper reviews three recent works on the numerical methods to integrate ordinary differential equations (ODE), which are specially designed for parallel, vector, and/or multi-processor-unit(PU) computers. The first is the Picard-Chebyshev method (Fukushima, 1997a). It obtains a global solution of ODE in the form of Chebyshev polynomial of large (> 1000) degree by applying the Picard iteration repeatedly. The iteration converges for smooth problems and/or perturbed dynamics. The method runs around 100-1000 times faster in the vector mode than in the scalar mode of a certain computer with vector processors (Fukushima, 1997b). The second is a parallelization of a symplectic integrator (Saha et al., 1997). It regards the implicit midpoint rules covering thousands of timesteps as large-scale nonlinear equations and solves them by the fixed-point iteration. The method is applicable to Hamiltonian systems and is expected to lead an acceleration factor of around 50 in parallel computers with more than 1000 PUs. The last is a parallelization of the extrapolation method (Ito and Fukushima, 1997). It performs trial integrations in parallel. Also the trial integrations are further accelerated by balancing computational load among PUs by the technique of folding. The method is all-purpose and achieves an acceleration factor of around 3.5 by using several PUs. Finally, we give a perspective on the parallelization of some implicit integrators which require multiple corrections in solving implicit formulas like the implicit Hermitian integrators (Makino and Aarseth, 1992), (Hut et al., 1995) or the implicit symmetric multistep methods (Fukushima, 1998), (Fukushima, 1999).

Numerical evaluation of electromagnetic fields due to dipole antennas in the presence of stratified media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsang, L.; Brown, R.; Kong, J. A.; Simmons, G.

1974-01-01

Two numerical methods are used to evaluate the integrals that express the em fields due to dipole antennas radiating in the presence of a stratified medium. The first method is a direct integration by means of Simpson's rule. The second method is indirect and approximates the kernel of the integral by means of the fast Fourier transform. In contrast to previous analytical methods that applied only to two-layer cases the numerical methods can be used for any arbitrary number of layers with general properties.

Optical caries diagnostics: comparison of laser spectroscopic PNC method with method of laser integral fluorescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masychev, Victor I.

2000-11-01

In this research we present the results of approbation of two methods of optical caries diagnostics: PNC-spectral diagnostics and caries detection by laser integral fluorescence. The research was conducted in a dental clinic. PNC-method analyses parameters of probing laser radiation and PNC-spectrums of stimulated secondary radiations: backscattering and endogenous fluorescence of caries-involved bacterias. He-Ne-laser ((lambda) =632,8 nm, 1-2mW) was used as a source of probing (stimulated) radiation. For registration of signals, received from intact and pathological teeth PDA-detector was applied. PNC-spectrums were processed by special algorithms, and were displayed on PC monitor. The method of laser integral fluorescence was used for comparison. In this case integral power of fluorescence of human teeth was measured. As a source of probing (stimulated) radiation diode lasers ((lambda) =655 nm, 0.1 mW and 630nm, 1mW) and He-Ne laser were applied. For registration of signals Si-photodetector was used. Integral power was shown in a digital indicator. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods are described in this research. It is disclosed that the method of laser integral power of fluorescence has the following characteristics: simplicity of construction and schema-technical decisions. However the method of PNC-spectral diagnostics are characterized by considerably more sensitivity in diagnostics of initial caries and capability to differentiate pathologies of various stages (for example, calculus/initial caries). Estimation of spectral characteristics of PNC-signals allows eliminating a number of drawbacks, which are character for detection by method of laser integral fluorescence (for instance, detection of fluorescent fillings, plagues, calculus, discolorations generally, amalgam, gold fillings as if it were caries.

Low-pressure membrane integrity tests for drinking water treatment: A review.

PubMed

Guo, H; Wyart, Y; Perot, J; Nauleau, F; Moulin, P

2010-01-01

Low-pressure membrane systems, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, are being increasingly used in drinking water treatments due to their high level of pathogen removal. However, the pathogen will pass through the membrane and contaminate the product if the membrane integrity is compromised. Therefore, an effective on-line integrity monitoring method for MF and UF membrane systems is essential to guarantee the regulatory requirements for pathogen removal. A lot of works on low-pressure membrane integrity tests have been conducted by many researchers. This paper provides a literature review about different low-pressure membrane integrity monitoring methods for the drinking water treatment, including direct methods (pressure-based tests, acoustic sensor test, liquid porosimetry, etc.) and indirect methods (particle counting, particle monitoring, turbidity monitoring, surrogate challenge tests). Additionally, some information about the operation of membrane integrity tests is presented here. It can be realized from this review that it remains urgent to develop an alternative on-line detection technique for a quick, accurate, simple, continuous and relatively inexpensive evaluation of low-pressure membrane integrity. To better satisfy regulatory requirements for drinking water treatments, the characteristic of this ideal membrane integrity test is proposed at the end of this paper.

[SCREW-BASED INTERMAXILLARY TRACTION COMBINED WITH OCCLUSAL SPLINT FOR TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR FRACTURE].

PubMed

Wu, Yang; Long, Xing; Deng, Mohong; Cai, Hengxing; Meng, Qinggong; Li, Bo

2015-04-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of the screw-based intermaxillary traction combined with occlusal splint in the treatment of pediatric mandibular condylar fracture. Between June 2005 and December 2013, 35 pediatric patients with 49 mandibular condylar fractures were treated, and the clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. There were 25 boys and 10 girls, aged 3-13 years (mean, 7.3 years). The injury causes included falling (18 cases), traffic accident (14 cases), and violence (3 cases). The time between injury and treatment was 2-30 days (mean, 6.8 days). Restricted mouth opening was observed, and the maximal mouth opening was (22.74 +/- 7.22) mm except 3 patients who were too young to measure. Condylar fractures were located at the left (12 cases), at the right (9 cases), at bilateral (14 cases) based on the sites; and fractures were classified as intracapsular (35 fractures), neck (10 fractures), and subcondylar (4 fractures) based on the fracture line. Four self-drilling titanium screws were inserted into the alveolar bone of both maxilla and mandible. After screw inserting, an occlusal splint with a fulcrum was used on the affected side and elastic band was put to perform anterior intermaxillary traction. After 1 month, the screws and splint were removed. Follow-up examinations were carried out on schedule. All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 8 years and 10 months (median, 71 months). No screw-related complication occurred in the others except one case of screw loosening. The postoperative maximal mouth opening was (38.82 +/- 2.02) nim. Mild joint noise was found in 4 cases and opening deviation occurred in 6 cases. Radiographic results demonstrated complete condyle remodeling was achieved in 24 cases (32 fractures), and moderate remodeling in 11 cases (17 fractures) at last follow-up. The screw-based intermaxillary traction combined with occlusal splint might be an effective method for pediatric mandibular condylar fracture. The screw-related complications may be avoided by careful preoperative investigations.

An approach for identification and determination of arsenic species in the extract of kelp.

PubMed

Yu, Lee L; Wei, Chao; Zeisler, Rolf; Tong, Junting; Oflaz, Rabia; Bao, Haixia; Wang, Jun

2015-05-01

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is developing a kelp powder standard reference material (SRM) in support of dietary supplement measurements. Edible seaweeds such as kelp and laver consumed as diet or dietary supplement contain tens of mg/kg arsenic. The speciation information of arsenic in the seaweed should be provided because the total arsenic alone does not fully address the safety issue of the dietary supplement as the value assignment is originally intended. The inability to avail all arsenic species for value assignment measurements prevented the certification of arsenic species in the candidate SRM; however, approximately 70 % of total arsenic extracted with a 1:1 volume fraction of methanol:water mixture allowed arsenic speciation values to be assigned to a procedure-defined extract, which may be used for method validation in research to improve upon current extraction and measurement practices. Arsenic species in kelp and laver were identified using electrospray ionization ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-TOF). Arsenosugars As(328), As(482), and As(392) were found in the kelp candidate SRM while As(328) and As(482) were found in GBW 08521, a certified reference material (CRM) of laver produced by the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). A discovery that the digests of kelp and laver contained only dimethylarsinic acid led to the conclusion that the seaweeds did not contain detectible levels of arsenobetaine, arsenocholine or trimethylarsine oxide that could overlap with the peaks of arsenosugars in the separation. The mean ± s of (5.68 ± 0.28) mg/kg and (13.43 ± 0.31) mg/kg found for As(482) and As(392) in kelp, respectively, using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) demonstrated that value assignment measurement of arsenosugars was possible without arsenosugar calibration standards.

A high performance neutron powder diffractometer at 3 MW Triga Mark-II research reactor in Bangladesh

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamal, I., E-mail: imtiaz-kamal26@yahoo.com; Yunus, S. M., E-mail: yunussm11@yahoo.com; Datta, T. K., E-mail: tk-datta4@yahoo.com

2016-07-12

A high performance neutron diffractometer called Savar Neutron Diffractometer (SAND) was built and installed at radial beam port-2 of TRIGA Mark II research reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Structural studies of materials are being done by this technique to characterize materials crystallograpohically and magnetically. The micro-structural information obtainable by neutron scattering method is very essential for determining its technological applications. This technique is unique for understanding the magnetic behavior in magnetic materials. Ceramic, steel, electronic and electric industries can be benefited from this facility for improving their products and fabrication process. This instrument consists of a Popovicimonochromator with amore » large linear position sensitive detector array. The monochromator consists of nine blades of perfect single crystal of silicon with 6 mm thickness each. The monochromator design was optimized to provide maximum flux on 3 mm diameter cylindrical sample with a relatively flat angular dependence of resolution. Five different wave lengths can be selected by orienting the crystal at various angles. A sapphire filter was used before the primary collimator to minimize the first neutron. The detector assembly is composed of 15 linear position sensitive proportional counters placed at either 1.1 m or 1.6 m from the sample position and enclosed in a air pad supported high density polythene shield. Position sensing is obtained by charge division using 1-wide NIM position encoding modules (PEM). The PEMs communicate with the host computer via USB. The detector when placed at 1.1 m, subtends 30° (2θ) at each step and covers 120° in 4 steps. When the detector is placed at 1.6 m it subtends 20° at each step and covers 120° in 6 steps. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The diffractometer is a state-of-the art technology for diffraction study in our country.« less

A high performance neutron powder diffractometer at 3 MW Triga Mark-II research reactor in Bangladesh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamal, I.; Yunus, S. M.; Datta, T. K.; Zakaria, A. K. M.; Das, A. K.; Aktar, S.; Hossain, S.; Berliner, R.; Yelon, W. B.

2016-07-01

A high performance neutron diffractometer called Savar Neutron Diffractometer (SAND) was built and installed at radial beam port-2 of TRIGA Mark II research reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Structural studies of materials are being done by this technique to characterize materials crystallograpohically and magnetically. The micro-structural information obtainable by neutron scattering method is very essential for determining its technological applications. This technique is unique for understanding the magnetic behavior in magnetic materials. Ceramic, steel, electronic and electric industries can be benefited from this facility for improving their products and fabrication process. This instrument consists of a Popovicimonochromator with a large linear position sensitive detector array. The monochromator consists of nine blades of perfect single crystal of silicon with 6mm thickness each. The monochromator design was optimized to provide maximum flux on 3mm diameter cylindrical sample with a relatively flat angular dependence of resolution. Five different wave lengths can be selected by orienting the crystal at various angles. A sapphire filter was used before the primary collimator to minimize the first neutron. The detector assembly is composed of 15 linear position sensitive proportional counters placed at either 1.1 m or 1.6 m from the sample position and enclosed in a air pad supported high density polythene shield. Position sensing is obtained by charge division using 1-wide NIM position encoding modules (PEM). The PEMs communicate with the host computer via USB. The detector when placed at 1.1 m, subtends 30˚ (2θ) at each step and covers 120˚ in 4 steps. When the detector is placed at 1.6 m it subtends 20˚ at each step and covers 120˚ in 6 steps. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The instrument supports both low and high temperature sample environment. The diffractometer is a state-of-the art technology for diffraction study in our country.

Volcanic activity of Io observed in December 2001 with the Keck AO system: 2-5μ m sunlit and eclipse observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchis, F.; de Pater, I.; Le Mignant, D.; Roe, H.; Fusco, T.; Graham, J. R.; Prange, R.; Macintosh, B.; Keck Science Team

2002-09-01

Volcanically active Io remains a mysterious and intriguing moon, despite numerous spacecraft flybys. Groundbased monitoring programs help characterize the time evolution of Io's volcanic activity, such as the frequency, spatial distribution and temperature of hot spots and outbursts. The satellite was observed intensively in December 2001 with the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system and its recently installed near-infrared camera NIRC2. The spatial resolution after applying the MISTRAL myopic deconvolution method (130 km in K band and 200 km in L band) is better than that of the global images from the Galileo/NIMS instrument. A movie produced from 12 pictures taken every 30o in Ionian longitude provides a complete survey of Io's surface during one full rotation. A total of 26 active hot spots were detected in L band (3.8μ m), and approximatively three times more in M band (4.7μ m). One active hot spot is seen in K band (2.2μ m) in the Pele area. While Io is in Jupiter's shadow, it is invisible to the wavefront sensor, but its hot spots are easily visible in the near-infrared. We imaged Io during the 18 Dec. 2001 eclipse using Ganymede (30" from Io, moving relative to Io at 0.5"/min) as a reference source. Although isoplanatic effects limited AO performance, numerous spots are detected at both K' and L'. We will show the results of detailed studies (temperature, emission area, nature) for several of the hot spots. Keck Science team is composed of S. Kwok, P. Amico, R. Campbell, F. Chaffee, A. Conrad, A. Contos, B. Goodrich, G. Hill, D. Sprayberry, P. Stomski, P. Wizinowich (W.M. Keck Observatory). This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics, managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz under cooperative agreement No. AST-9876783.

Limb darkening in Venus night-side disk as viewed from Akatsuki IR2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Satoh, Takehiko; Nakakushi, Takashi; Sato, Takao M.; Hashimoto, George L.

2017-10-01

Night-side hemisphere of Venus exhibits dark and bright regions as a result of spatially inhomogeneous cloud opacity which is illuminated by infrared radiation from deeper atmosphere. The 2-μm camera (IR2) onboard Akatsuki, Japan's Venus Climate Orbiter, is equipped with three narrow-band filters (1.735, 2.26, and 2.32 μm) to image Venus night-side disk in well-known transparency windows of CO2 atmosphere (Allen and Crawford 1984). In general, a cloud feature appears brightest when it is in the disk center and becomes darker as the zenith angle of emergent light increases. Such limb darkening was observed with Galileo/NIMS and mathematically approximated (Carlson et al., 1993). Limb-darkening correction helps to identify branches, in a 1.74-μm vs. 2.3-μm radiances scatter plot, each of which corresponds to a group of aerosols with similar properties. We analyzed Akatsuki/IR2 images to characterize the limb darkening for three night-side filters.There is, however, contamination from the intense day-side disk blurred by IR2's point spread function (PSF). It is found that infrared light can be multiplly reflected within the Si substrate of IR2 detector (1024x1024 pixels PtSi array), causing elongated tail in the actual PSF. We treated this in two different ways. One is to mathematically approximate the PSF (with a combination of modified Lorentz functions) and another is to differentiate 2.26-μm image from 2.32-μm image so that the blurred light pattern can directly be obtained. By comparing results from these two methods, we are able to reasonablly clean up the night-side images and limb darkening is extracted. Physical interpretation of limb darkening, as well as "true" time variations of cloud brightness will be presented/discussed.

A Fifth Way to Skin a Definite Integral

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Satyanand

2012-01-01

We use a novel approach to evaluate the indefinite integral of 1/(1 + x4) and use this to evaluate the improper integral of this integrand from 0 to [infinity]. Our method has advantages over other methods in ease of implementation and accessibility.

Applying integrals of motion to the numerical solution of differential equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vezewski, D. J.

1980-01-01

A method is developed for using the integrals of systems of nonlinear, ordinary, differential equations in a numerical integration process to control the local errors in these integrals and reduce the global errors of the solution. The method is general and can be applied to either scalar or vector integrals. A number of example problems, with accompanying numerical results, are used to verify the analysis and support the conjecture of global error reduction.

Integration of alternative feedstreams for biomass treatment and utilization

DOEpatents

Hennessey, Susan Marie [Avondale, PA; Friend, Julie [Claymont, DE; Dunson, Jr., James B.; Tucker, III, Melvin P.; Elander, Richard T [Evergreen, CO; Hames, Bonnie [Westminster, CO

2011-03-22

The present invention provides a method for treating biomass composed of integrated feedstocks to produce fermentable sugars. One aspect of the methods described herein includes a pretreatment step wherein biomass is integrated with an alternative feedstream and the resulting integrated feedstock, at relatively high concentrations, is treated with a low concentration of ammonia relative to the dry weight of biomass. In another aspect, a high solids concentration of pretreated biomass is integrated with an alternative feedstream for saccharifiaction.

Applying integrals of motion to the numerical solution of differential equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jezewski, D. J.

1979-01-01

A method is developed for using the integrals of systems of nonlinear, ordinary differential equations in a numerical integration process to control the local errors in these integrals and reduce the global errors of the solution. The method is general and can be applied to either scaler or vector integrals. A number of example problems, with accompanying numerical results, are used to verify the analysis and support the conjecture of global error reduction.

Integrating structure-based and ligand-based approaches for computational drug design.

PubMed

Wilson, Gregory L; Lill, Markus A

2011-04-01

Methods utilized in computer-aided drug design can be classified into two major categories: structure based and ligand based, using information on the structure of the protein or on the biological and physicochemical properties of bound ligands, respectively. In recent years there has been a trend towards integrating these two methods in order to enhance the reliability and efficiency of computer-aided drug-design approaches by combining information from both the ligand and the protein. This trend resulted in a variety of methods that include: pseudoreceptor methods, pharmacophore methods, fingerprint methods and approaches integrating docking with similarity-based methods. In this article, we will describe the concepts behind each method and selected applications.

A flexible importance sampling method for integrating subgrid processes

DOE PAGES

Raut, E. K.; Larson, V. E.

2016-01-29

Numerical models of weather and climate need to compute grid-box-averaged rates of physical processes such as microphysics. These averages are computed by integrating subgrid variability over a grid box. For this reason, an important aspect of atmospheric modeling is spatial integration over subgrid scales. The needed integrals can be estimated by Monte Carlo integration. Monte Carlo integration is simple and general but requires many evaluations of the physical process rate. To reduce the number of function evaluations, this paper describes a new, flexible method of importance sampling. It divides the domain of integration into eight categories, such as the portion that containsmore » both precipitation and cloud, or the portion that contains precipitation but no cloud. It then allows the modeler to prescribe the density of sample points within each of the eight categories. The new method is incorporated into the Subgrid Importance Latin Hypercube Sampler (SILHS). Here, the resulting method is tested on drizzling cumulus and stratocumulus cases. In the cumulus case, the sampling error can be considerably reduced by drawing more sample points from the region of rain evaporation.« less

Solving the hypersingular boundary integral equation in three-dimensional acoustics using a regularization relationship.

PubMed

Yan, Zai You; Hung, Kin Chew; Zheng, Hui

2003-05-01

Regularization of the hypersingular integral in the normal derivative of the conventional Helmholtz integral equation through a double surface integral method or regularization relationship has been studied. By introducing the new concept of discretized operator matrix, evaluation of the double surface integrals is reduced to calculate the product of two discretized operator matrices. Such a treatment greatly improves the computational efficiency. As the number of frequencies to be computed increases, the computational cost of solving the composite Helmholtz integral equation is comparable to that of solving the conventional Helmholtz integral equation. In this paper, the detailed formulation of the proposed regularization method is presented. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the regularization method are demonstrated for a general class of acoustic radiation and scattering problems. The radiation of a pulsating sphere, an oscillating sphere, and a rigid sphere insonified by a plane acoustic wave are solved using the new method with curvilinear quadrilateral isoparametric elements. It is found that the numerical results rapidly converge to the corresponding analytical solutions as finer meshes are applied.

Effectiveness of integrated teaching module in pharmacology among medical undergraduates.

PubMed

Yadav, Preeti P; Chaudhary, Mayur; Patel, Jayshree; Shah, Aashal; Kantharia, N D

2016-01-01

Over the years with advancement of science and technology, each subject has become highly specialized. Teaching of medical students has still remained separate in various departments with no scope of integration in majority of medical institutes in India. Study was planned to have an experience of integration in institute and sensitize faculty for integrated teaching-learning (TL) method. To prepare and test effectiveness of integrated teaching module for 2(nd) year MBBS student in pharmacology and to sensitize and motivate faculties toward advantages of implementing integrated module. Education intervention project implemented 2(nd) year MBBS students of Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat. Students of second MBBS were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to integrated teaching sessions and another to traditional method. Both the groups were assessed by pre- and post-test questionnaire, feedback and focus group discussions were conducted to know their experience about process. A total of 165 students of the 2(nd) year MBBS were exposed to the integrated teaching module for two topics in two groups. One group was taught by traditional teaching, and another group was exposed to the integrated TL session. Both the groups have shown a significant improvement in posttest scores but increase in mean score was more in integrated group. During analysis of feedback forms, it was noted that students preferred integrated TL methods since they help in better understanding. Faculty feedback shows consensus over the adaptation of integrated TL methods. Integrated TL sessions were well-appreciated by students and faculties. To improve the critical reasoning skills and self-directed learning of students, integrated TL is highly recommended for must know areas of curriculum.

Zymomonas pentose-sugar fermenting strains and uses thereof

DOEpatents

Zhang, Min [Lakewood, CO; Chou, Yat-Chen [Golden, CO; Howe, William [Golden, CO; Eddy, Christine [Golden, CO; Evans, Kent [Littleton, CO; Mohagheghi, Ali [Northglenn, CO

2007-05-29

Disclosed in the present invention is a Zymomonas integrant and derivatives of these integrants that posses the ability to ferment pentose into ethanol. The genetic sequences encoding for the pentose-fermenting enzymes are integrated into the Zymomonas in a two-integration event of homologous recombination and transposition. Each operon includes more than one pentose-reducing enzyme encoding sequence. The integrant in some embodiments includes enzyme sequences encoding xylose isomerase, xylulokinase, transketolase and transketolase. The Zymomonas integrants are highly stable, and retain activity for producing the pentose-fermenting enzyme for between 80 to 160 generations. The integrants are also resistant to acetate inhibition, as the integrants demonstrate efficient ethanol production even in the presence of 8 up to 16 grams acetate per liter media. These stably integrated sequences provide a unique Zymomonas that may then be used for the efficient conversion of pentose sugars (xylose, arabinose) to ethanol. Method of using the Zymomonas integrants and derivatives thereof in production of ethanol from cellulosic feedstock is also disclosed. The invention also provides a method for preparing a Zymomonas integrant as part of the present invention. The host Zymomonas strain found particularly useful in the creation of these compositions and methods is Zymomonas mobilis 31821.

Unmanned aircraft system sense and avoid integrity and continuity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamoom, Michael B.

This thesis describes new methods to guarantee safety of sense and avoid (SAA) functions for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) by evaluating integrity and continuity risks. Previous SAA efforts focused on relative safety metrics, such as risk ratios, comparing the risk of using an SAA system versus not using it. The methods in this thesis evaluate integrity and continuity risks as absolute measures of safety, as is the established practice in commercial aircraft terminal area navigation applications. The main contribution of this thesis is a derivation of a new method, based on a standard intruder relative constant velocity assumption, that uses hazard state estimates and estimate error covariances to establish (1) the integrity risk of the SAA system not detecting imminent loss of '"well clear," which is the time and distance required to maintain safe separation from intruder aircraft, and (2) the probability of false alert, the continuity risk. Another contribution is applying these integrity and continuity risk evaluation methods to set quantifiable and certifiable safety requirements on sensors. A sensitivity analysis uses this methodology to evaluate the impact of sensor errors on integrity and continuity risks. The penultimate contribution is an integrity and continuity risk evaluation where the estimation model is refined to address realistic intruder relative linear accelerations, which goes beyond the current constant velocity standard. The final contribution is an integrity and continuity risk evaluation addressing multiple intruders. This evaluation is a new innovation-based method to determine the risk of mis-associating intruder measurements. A mis-association occurs when the SAA system incorrectly associates a measurement to the wrong intruder, causing large errors in the estimated intruder trajectories. The new methods described in this thesis can help ensure safe encounters between aircraft and enable SAA sensor certification for UAS integration into the National Airspace System.

Misaligned Image Integration With Local Linear Model.

PubMed

Baba, Tatsuya; Matsuoka, Ryo; Shirai, Keiichiro; Okuda, Masahiro

2016-05-01

We present a new image integration technique for a flash and long-exposure image pair to capture a dark scene without incurring blurring or noisy artifacts. Most existing methods require well-aligned images for the integration, which is often a burdensome restriction in practical use. We address this issue by locally transferring the colors of the flash images using a small fraction of the corresponding pixels in the long-exposure images. We formulate the image integration as a convex optimization problem with the local linear model. The proposed method makes it possible to integrate the color of the long-exposure image with the detail of the flash image without causing any harmful effects to its contrast, where we do not need perfect alignment between the images by virtue of our new integration principle. We show that our method successfully outperforms the state of the art in the image integration and reference-based color transfer for challenging misaligned data sets.

Student Solution Manual for Essential Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riley, K. F.; Hobson, M. P.

2011-02-01

1. Matrices and vector spaces; 2. Vector calculus; 3. Line, surface and volume integrals; 4. Fourier series; 5. Integral transforms; 6. Higher-order ODEs; 7. Series solutions of ODEs; 8. Eigenfunction methods; 9. Special functions; 10. Partial differential equations; 11. Solution methods for PDEs; 12. Calculus of variations; 13. Integral equations; 14. Complex variables; 15. Applications of complex variables; 16. Probability; 17. Statistics.

Essential Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riley, K. F.; Hobson, M. P.

2011-02-01

1. Matrices and vector spaces; 2. Vector calculus; 3. Line, surface and volume integrals; 4. Fourier series; 5. Integral transforms; 6. Higher-order ODEs; 7. Series solutions of ODEs; 8. Eigenfunction methods; 9. Special functions; 10. Partial differential equations; 11. Solution methods for PDEs; 12. Calculus of variations; 13. Integral equations; 14. Complex variables; 15. Applications of complex variables; 16. Probability; 17. Statistics; Appendices; Index.

Points of Convergence in Music Education: The Use of Data Labels as a Strategy for Mixed Methods Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzpatrick, Kate R.

2016-01-01

Although the mixing of quantitative and qualitative data is an essential component of mixed methods research, the process of integrating both types of data in meaningful ways can be challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of data labels in mixed methods research as a technique for the integration of qualitative and…

New numerical method for radiation heat transfer in nonhomogeneous participating media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Howell, J.R.; Tan, Zhiqiang

A new numerical method, which solves the exact integral equations of distance-angular integration form for radiation transfer, is introduced in this paper. By constructing and prestoring the numerical integral formulas for the distance integral for appropriate kernel functions, this method eliminates the time consuming evaluations of the kernels of the space integrals in the formal computations. In addition, when the number of elements in the system is large, the resulting coefficient matrix is quite sparse. Thus, either considerable time or much storage can be saved. A weakness of the method is discussed, and some remedies are suggested. As illustrations, somemore » one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous emitting, absorbing, and linear anisotropic scattering media are studied. Some results are compared with available data. 13 refs.« less

An equivalent domain integral for analysis of two-dimensional mixed mode problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, I. S.; Shivakumar, K. N.

1989-01-01

An equivalent domain integral (EDI) method for calculating J-integrals for two-dimensional cracked elastic bodies subjected to mixed mode loading is presented. The total and product integrals consist of the sum of an area or domain integral and line integrals on the crack faces. The EDI method gave accurate values of the J-integrals for two mode I and two mixed mode problems. Numerical studies showed that domains consisting of one layer of elements are sufficient to obtain accurate J-integral values. Two procedures for separating the individual modes from the domain integrals are presented. The procedure that uses the symmetric and antisymmetric components of the stress and displacement fields to calculate the individual modes gave accurate values of the integrals for all the problems analyzed.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Two-centre exchange integrals for complex exponent Slater orbitals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuang, Jiyun; Lin, C. D.

1996-12-01

The one-dimensional integral representation for the Fourier transform of a two-centre product of B functions (finite linear combinations of Slater orbitals) with real parameters is generalized to include B functions with complex parameters. This one-dimensional integral representation allows for an efficient method of calculating two-centre exchange integrals with plane-wave electronic translational factors (ETF) over Slater orbitals of real/complex exponents. This method is a significant improvement on the previous two-dimensional quadrature method of the integrals. A new basis set of the form 0953-4075/29/24/005/img1 is proposed to improve the description of pseudo-continuum states in the close-coupling treatment of ion - atom collisions.

Model Identification of Integrated ARMA Processes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stadnytska, Tetiana; Braun, Simone; Werner, Joachim

2008-01-01

This article evaluates the Smallest Canonical Correlation Method (SCAN) and the Extended Sample Autocorrelation Function (ESACF), automated methods for the Autoregressive Integrated Moving-Average (ARIMA) model selection commonly available in current versions of SAS for Windows, as identification tools for integrated processes. SCAN and ESACF can…

Efficient generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells from keratinocytes by simple transfection of episomal vectors.

PubMed

Piao, Yulan; Hung, Sandy Shen-Chi; Lim, Shiang Y; Wong, Raymond Ching-Bong; Ko, Minoru S H

2014-07-01

Keratinocytes represent an easily accessible cell source for derivation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, reportedly achieving higher reprogramming efficiency than fibroblasts. However, most studies utilized a retroviral or lentiviral method for reprogramming of keratinocytes, which introduces undesirable transgene integrations into the host genome. Moreover, current protocols of generating integration-free hiPS cells from keratinocytes are mostly inefficient. In this paper, we describe a more efficient, simple-to-use, and cost-effective method for generating integration-free hiPS cells from keratinocytes. Our improved method using lipid-mediated transfection achieved a reprogramming efficiency of ∼0.14% on average. Keratinocyte-derived hiPS cells showed no integration of episomal vectors, expressed stem cell-specific markers and possessed potentials to differentiate into all three germ layers by in vitro embryoid body formation as well as in vivo teratoma formation. To our knowledge, this represents the most efficient method to generate integration-free hiPS cells from keratinocytes. ©AlphaMed Press.

Method to manage integration error in the Green-Kubo method.

PubMed

Oliveira, Laura de Sousa; Greaney, P Alex

2017-02-01

The Green-Kubo method is a commonly used approach for predicting transport properties in a system from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The approach is founded on the fluctuation dissipation theorem and relates the property of interest to the lifetime of fluctuations in its thermodynamic driving potential. For heat transport, the lattice thermal conductivity is related to the integral of the autocorrelation of the instantaneous heat flux. A principal source of error in these calculations is that the autocorrelation function requires a long averaging time to reduce remnant noise. Integrating the noise in the tail of the autocorrelation function becomes conflated with physically important slow relaxation processes. In this paper we present a method to quantify the uncertainty on transport properties computed using the Green-Kubo formulation based on recognizing that the integrated noise is a random walk, with a growing envelope of uncertainty. By characterizing the noise we can choose integration conditions to best trade off systematic truncation error with unbiased integration noise, to minimize uncertainty for a given allocation of computational resources.

Method to manage integration error in the Green-Kubo method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliveira, Laura de Sousa; Greaney, P. Alex

2017-02-01

The Green-Kubo method is a commonly used approach for predicting transport properties in a system from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The approach is founded on the fluctuation dissipation theorem and relates the property of interest to the lifetime of fluctuations in its thermodynamic driving potential. For heat transport, the lattice thermal conductivity is related to the integral of the autocorrelation of the instantaneous heat flux. A principal source of error in these calculations is that the autocorrelation function requires a long averaging time to reduce remnant noise. Integrating the noise in the tail of the autocorrelation function becomes conflated with physically important slow relaxation processes. In this paper we present a method to quantify the uncertainty on transport properties computed using the Green-Kubo formulation based on recognizing that the integrated noise is a random walk, with a growing envelope of uncertainty. By characterizing the noise we can choose integration conditions to best trade off systematic truncation error with unbiased integration noise, to minimize uncertainty for a given allocation of computational resources.