25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary...

25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

25 CFR 543.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count? 543.17 Section 543.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?...

25 CFR 543.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit? 543.15 Section 543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.15 What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credi...

25 CFR 543.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 543.9 Section 543.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.9 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a)...

25 CFR 543.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 543.13 Section 543.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.13 What are the minimum internal control standards fo...

25 CFR 543.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 543.9 Section 543.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.9 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a)...

25 CFR 543.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit? 543.15 Section 543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.15 What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credi...

25 CFR 543.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count? 543.17 Section 543.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?...

25 CFR 543.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 543.13 Section 543.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.13 What are the minimum internal control standards fo...

25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... but not limited to, bingo card control, payout procedures, and cash reconciliation process; (ii) Pull... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are...

25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... but not limited to, bingo card control, payout procedures, and cash reconciliation process; (ii) Pull... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are...

25 CFR 543.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems? 543.14 Section 543.14 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.14 What are the minimum internal control...

25 CFR 543.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems? 543.14 Section 543.14 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.14 What are the minimum internal control...

25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... reconciliation process; (ii) Pull tabs, including but not limited to, statistical records, winner verification... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.42 What are...

77 FR 60625 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

...-37 Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission... Internal Control Standards that were published on September 21, 2012. DATES: The effective date [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennifer Ward, Attorney, NIGC Office of General Counsel, at...

25 CFR 543.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for audit and accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... supervision, bingo cards, bingo card sales, draw, prize payout; cash and equivalent controls, technologic aids... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for audit... INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.23 What are the...

25 CFR 543.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for audit and accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... supervision, bingo cards, bingo card sales, draw, prize payout; cash and equivalent controls, technologic aids... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for audit... INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.23 What are the...

25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

25 CFR 543.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems? 543.12 Section 543.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.12 What are the minimum internal contro...

25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

25 CFR 543.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems? 543.12 Section 543.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.12 What are the minimum internal contro...

Knowledge Acquisition and Memory Effects Involving an Expert System Designed as a Learning Tool for Internal Control Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lenard, Mary Jane

2003-01-01

The assessment of internal control is a consideration in all financial statement audits, as stressed by the Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 78. According to this statement, "the auditor should obtain an understanding of internal control sufficient to plan the audit" (Accounting Standards Board, 1995, p. 1). Therefore, an…

78 FR 52532 - Exposure Draft-Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... developments in the accountability and financial management profession and emphasize specific considerations applicable to the government environment. The draft of the proposed changes to Standards for Internal Control...

77 FR 33950 - Prudential Management and Operations Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-08

... by guideline. 12 U.S.C. 4513b. Those 10 areas relate to: Adequacy of internal controls and information systems; adequacy and independence of the internal audit systems; management of interest rate risk... Join Bank Letter at 7-8. 4. Standard 1 (Internal Controls and Information Systems) \\22\\ \\22\\ The Joint...

International Symposium on Information Technology: Standards for Bibliographic Control (Bangkok, Thailand, September 4-8, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thammasat Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Univ. Libraries.

This document which covers the proceedings of the 1989 International Symposium on Information Technology, begins with several opening ceremony messages and includes the following papers: (1) "Reflections on International Bibliographic Standards" (Winston D. Roberts); (2) "Bibliographic Control from the User's Perspective" (Ruth…

An Evaluation of Internal Control for a Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality (NAFI)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

to which an internal control system meets these guidelines , a plan of investigation must be iormulated. Planning an internal control review is...INTERNAL CONTROL . ........ 7 C. INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS ... ... .......... 8 D. PLANNING INTERNAL CONTROL REVIEW . ....... . 13 E. EVALUATING...Dining Facility. The critical areas of research are those which present the greatest risk of material loss to the financial operation of the NAFI

76 FR 23861 - Corporate Credit Unions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... statements, Financial statement audit, Generally accepted auditing standards, Independent public accountant... public accountant undermines the IPA's independence. The Board is delaying the effective date of this ERM... accepted auditing standards, Independent public accountant, Internal control, Internal control framework...

49 CFR 193.2631 - Internal corrosion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control. 193.2631 Section 193... GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2631 Internal corrosion control. Each component that is subject to internal corrosive attack must be protected from internal corrosion by— (a...

Brent Olson - Director, Office of Internal Audit | NREL

Science.gov Websites

improve the effectiveness and efficiency of governance, risk management, and control processes. Using this the Treadway Commission's 2013 Internal Control Framework, Standards for Internal Control in the additional certifications from IIA including Certified Internal Auditor (CIA); Certification in Control Self

Direct Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Emission Standards and Test Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule will adopt the current voluntary NOx and CO emissions standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), bringing the United States aircraft standards into alignment with the international standards.

12 CFR 240.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... operational standards. (a) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. A banking institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall establish and implement internal rules, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a retail...

[The use of the deuterated internal standard for morphine quantitation for the purpose of doping control by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection].

PubMed

Savel'eva, N B; Bykovskaia, N Iu; Dikunets, M A; Bolotov, S L; Rodchenkov, G M

2010-01-01

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the possibility to use deuterated compounds as internal standards for the quantitative analysis of morphine by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection for the purpose of doping control. The paper is focused on the problems associated with the use of deuterated morphine-D3 as the internal standard. Quantitative characteristics of the calibration dependence thus documented are presented along with uncertainty values obtained in the measurements with the use of deuterated morphine-D6. An approach to the assessment of method bias associated with the application of morphine-D6 as the deuterated internal standard is described.

49 CFR 192.475 - Internal corrosion control: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: General. 192.475... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.475 Internal corrosion control: General. (a) Corrosive gas may not be transported by...

49 CFR 192.475 - Internal corrosion control: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: General. 192.475... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.475 Internal corrosion control: General. (a) Corrosive gas may not be transported by...

49 CFR 192.477 - Internal corrosion control: Monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. 192.477... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.477 Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. If corrosive gas is being transported, coupons...

49 CFR 192.477 - Internal corrosion control: Monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. 192.477... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.477 Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. If corrosive gas is being transported, coupons...

75 FR 55269 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission 25 CFR Parts 542 and 543 RIN 3141-AA-37 Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission. ACTION: Delay of effective date of final rule; request for comments. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming...

77 FR 24730 - Submission of Information Collection Under the Paperwork Reduction Act; Reinstatement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-25

... regulatory authorities to establish and implement tribal internal control standards that provide a level of... system that, at a minimum, complies with the tribal internal control standards established by the tribal... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission Submission of Information Collection...

77 FR 9261 - Submission of Information Collection Under the Paperwork Reduction Act; Reinstatement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-16

... regulatory authorities to establish and implement tribal internal control standards that provide a level of... system that, at a minimum, complies with the tribal internal control standards established by the tribal... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission Submission of Information Collection...

49 CFR 192.476 - Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Design and... STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.476 Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line. (a) Design and construction. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

49 CFR 192.476 - Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Design and... STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.476 Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line. (a) Design and construction. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

49 CFR 192.476 - Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Design and... STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.476 Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line. (a) Design and construction. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

49 CFR 192.476 - Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Design and... STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.476 Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line. (a) Design and construction. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

49 CFR 192.476 - Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Design and... STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.476 Internal corrosion control: Design and construction of transmission line. (a) Design and construction. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

Development of PCR internal controls for DNA profiling with the AmpFℓSTR® SGM Plus® amplification kit.

PubMed

Nathalie, Zahra; Hadi, Sibte; Goodwin, William

2012-09-01

Forensic DNA profiling uses a series of commercial kits that co-amplify several loci in one reaction; the products of the PCR are fluorescently labelled and analysed using CE. Before CE, an aliquot of the PCR is mixed with formamide and an internal lane size standard. Using the SGM Plus amplification kit, we have developed two internal non-amplified controls of 80 bp and 380 bp that are labelled with ROX fluorescent dye and added to the PCR. Combined with two internal amplification controls of 90 bp and 410 bp, they provide additional controls for the PCR, electrokinetic injection, and CE and also function as an internal size standard. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

25 CFR 543.20 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... information technology and information technology data? 543.20 Section 543.20 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING... § 543.20 What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information... prevent the concealment of fraud. (4) Information technology agents having access to Class II gaming...

25 CFR 543.20 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... information technology and information technology data? 543.20 Section 543.20 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING... § 543.20 What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information... prevent the concealment of fraud. (4) Information technology agents having access to Class II gaming...

25 CFR 542.1 - What does this part cover?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What does this part cover? 542.1 Section 542.1 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.1 What does this part cover? This part establishes the minimum internal control standards...

Polymerization Kinetics: Monitoring Monomer Conversion Using an Internal Standard and the Key Role of Sample "t[subscript 0]"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colombani, Olivier; Langelier, Ophelie; Martwong, Ekkachai; Castignolles, Patrice

2011-01-01

The use of an internal standard is a conventional and convenient way to monitor the conversion of one or several monomers during a controlled radical polymerization. However, the validity of this technique relies on an accurate determination of the initial monomer-to-internal standard ratio, A[subscript 0], because all subsequent calculations of…

ISO 9000: The Librarian's Role.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobson, Chris; Ernst, Carolyn

1999-01-01

Describes the special library's role in implementing ISO 9000 (i.e., a series of international quality-assurance standards developed by the International Organization of Standards). Topics discussed include document and data control, keeping the standards current, documentation of procedures, the ISO 9000 audit, and benefits for the library. (MES)

Government Accounting

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-06-22

Commercial Industry • Financial Standards Accounting Board (GAAP) • Internal Revenue Service - Tax Accounting • DoD - Cost Accounting Standards...internal management control systems, managers shall focus on results, not process” Government Accounting • Intent EVM Accounting Criteria : – Record costs ...consistent with established budgets – Insure control of indirect costs – Insure disciplined accumulation of cost – Insure proper material accounting and

Understanding Author Academic Disciplinary Background to Direct a More Effective Use of Standardized Testing within the School Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Joseph N.; Hite, Steven J.; Hite, Julie M.; Randall, E. Vance

2017-01-01

Standardized testing is an external control mechanism for K-12 public schools. Principals, nested between internal and external influences, must manage the tension created by testing's roles as both an internal improvement tool and as an external control mechanism. Five competing narratives, each shaped by author academic background, significantly…

Evaluation of medical record quality and communication skills among pediatric interns after standardized parent training history-taking in China.

PubMed

Yu, Mu Xue; Jiang, Xiao Yun; Li, Yi Juan; Shen, Zhen Yu; Zhuang, Si Qi; Gu, Yu Fen

2018-02-01

The effect of using standardized parent training history-taking on the quality of medical records and communication skills among pediatric interns was determined. Fifth-year interns who were undertaking a pediatric clinical practice rotation were randomized to intervention and control groups. All of the pediatric interns received history-taking training by lecture and bedside teaching. The pediatric interns in the intervention group also received standardized parent history-taking training. The following two outcome measures were used: the scores of medical records, which were written by the pediatric interns after history-taking from real parents of pediatric patients; and the communication assessment tool (CAT) assessed by real parents. The general information, history of present illness (HPI), past medical history, personal history, family history, diagnosis, diagnostic analysis, and differential diagnosis scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Assessment of the CAT indicated that the real parents were more satisfied with the pediatric interns in the intervention group. Standardized parent training history-taking is effective in improving the quality of medical records by pediatric interns. Standardized parent training history-taking is a superior teaching tool for clinical reasoning ability, as well as communication skills in clinical pediatric practice.

Nobody Seems to Speak English Here Today: Enhancing Assessment and Training in Aviation English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglas, Dan

2014-01-01

In 2003 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) strengthened the provisions that English be made available for international radiotelephony communication. ICAO also developed standards for English proficiency for international pilots and air traffic controllers. However, these standards are applied variably from country to country and…

CTEPP STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING INTERNAL FIELD AUDITS AND QUALITY CONTROL (SOP-2.25)

EPA Science Inventory

This SOP describes the method for conducting internal field audits and quality control procedures. Internal field audits will be conducted to ensure the collection of high quality data. Internal field audits will be conducted by Field Auditors (the Field QA Officer and the Field...

75 FR 59331 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rules on Auditing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... risk is a function of the effectiveness of the design and operation of internal control. 8. Inherent... integrated audit of financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, the requirements in Auditing Standard No. 5, An Audit of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting That Is Integrated with An...

78 FR 37505 - International Standard-Setting Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

... Code of Practice for Weed Control to Prevent and Reduce Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Food... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Food Safety and Inspection Service [Docket No. FSIS-2013-0002] International Standard-Setting Activities AGENCY: Office of Food Safety, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This...

International standards for monoclonal antibodies to support pre- and post-marketing product consistency: Evaluation of a candidate international standard for the bioactivities of rituximab.

PubMed

Prior, Sandra; Hufton, Simon E; Fox, Bernard; Dougall, Thomas; Rigsby, Peter; Bristow, Adrian

2018-01-01

The intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is built into the biosimilarity paradigm where critical quality attributes are controlled in exhaustive comparability studies with the reference medicinal product. The long-term success of biosimilars will depend on reassuring healthcare professionals and patients of consistent product quality, safety and efficacy. With this aim, the World Health Organization has endorsed the need for public bioactivity standards for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in support of current controls. We have developed a candidate international potency standard for rituximab that was evaluated in a multi-center collaborative study using participants' own qualified Fc-effector function and cell-based binding bioassays. Dose-response curve model parameters were shown to reflect similar behavior amongst rituximab preparations, albeit with some differences in potency. In the absence of a common reference standard, potency estimates were in poor agreement amongst laboratories, but the use of the candidate preparation significantly reduced this variability. Our results suggest that the candidate rituximab standard can support bioassay performance and improve data harmonization, which when implemented will promote consistency of rituximab products over their life-cycles. This data provides the first scientific evidence that a classical standardization exercise allowing traceability of bioassay data to an international standard is also applicable to rituximab. However, we submit that this new type of international standard needs to be used appropriately and its role not to be mistaken with that of the reference medicinal product.

49 CFR 193.2631 - Internal corrosion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....2631 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2631 Internal corrosion control. Each...

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL

EPA Science Inventory

This report presents a description of the activities and accomplishments of the American Society for Testing and Materials' U. S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to the International Standards Organization's Technical Committee 146 on Air Quality. The purpose of the TAG is to re...

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189

PubMed Central

Schneider, Frank; Friedberg, Richard C.

2017-01-01

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) offers a suite of laboratory accreditation programs, including one specific to accreditation to the international organization for standardization (ISO) 15189 standard for quality management specific to medical laboratories. CAP leaders offer an overview of ISO 15189 including its components, internal audits, occurrence management, document control, and risk management. The authors provide a comparison of its own ISO 15189 program, CAP 15189, to the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program. The authors conclude with why laboratories should use ISO 15189. PMID:28643484

Issues concerning international comparison of free-field calibrations of acoustical standards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nedzelnitsky, Victor

2002-11-01

Primary free-field calibrations of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity method establish these microphones as reference standard devices for calibrating working standard microphones, other measuring microphones, and practical instruments such as sound level meters and personal sound exposure meters (noise dosimeters). These primary, secondary, and other calibrations are indispensable to the support of regulatory requirements, standards, and product characterization and quality control procedures important for industry, commerce, health, and safety. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 29 Electroacoustics produces international documentary standards, including standards for primary and secondary free-field calibration and measurement procedures and their critically important application to practical instruments. This paper addresses some issues concerning calibrations, standards activities, and the international key comparison of primary free-field calibrations of IEC-type LS2 laboratory standard microphones that is being planned by the Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound, and Vibration (CCAUV) of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). This comparison will include free-field calibrations by the reciprocity method at participating major national metrology laboratories throughout the world.

Methodological standards and functional correlates of depth in vivo electrophysiological recordings in control rodents. A TASK1-WG3 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE.

PubMed

Hernan, Amanda E; Schevon, Catherine A; Worrell, Gregory A; Galanopoulou, Aristea S; Kahane, Philippe; de Curtis, Marco; Ikeda, Akio; Quilichini, Pascale; Williamson, Adam; Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto; Scott, Rod C; Timofeev, Igor

2017-11-01

This paper is a result of work of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. The aim is to provide acceptable standards and interpretation of results of electrophysiological depth recordings in vivo in control rodents. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International League Against Epilepsy.

76 FR 65166 - International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard-Setting Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-20

..., formerly known as the Office International des Epizooties) regarding animal health and welfare, and... bulletins on global disease status, and provides animal disease control guidelines to Members. Various OIE commissions and working groups undertake the development and preparation of draft standards, which are then...

Comparison summary: Various countries' standards for classroom acoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Jack B.

2005-09-01

A comparative summary presentation of many countries' national acoustical standards for classroom acoustics will be presented. Facility renovation or new construction is subject to standards or regulations that control reverberation decay time, sound isolation between interior spaces, intrusive noise from the exterior environment, background noise from building systems and/or user installed classroom equipment. Child learner physical conditions are reviewed, based on many researchers' published results in North America and Europe, in regard to the special building acoustical requirements needed to achieve good classroom environments. In response to the authors' solicitations, colleagues from many nations provided facts, opinions, and reference for their own countries' standards, which are presented in categorical matrix format, including ANSI S12.60-2002, the relatively new American classroom acoustics standard. Summary results from I-INCE TC4 working group study on international standards are also incorporated. [This presentation is derived from the international classroom standards portion (only) of a paper originally written for the 11th International Meeting on Low Frequency Noise and Vibration and its Control, Maastricht, The Netherlands in 2004 with recent updates.

A review of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) international standards for tissue banks.

PubMed

Morales Pedraza, Jorge; Lobo Gajiwala, Astrid; Martinez Pardo, María Esther

2012-03-01

The IAEA International Standards for Tissue Banks published in 2003 were based on the Standards then currently in use in the USA and the European Union, among others, and reflect the best practices associated with the operation of a tissue bank. They cover legal, ethical and regulatory controls as well as requirements and procedures from donor selection and tissue retrieval to processing and distribution of finished tissue for clinical use. The application of these standards allows tissue banks to operate with the current good tissue practice, thereby providing grafts of high quality that satisfy the national and international demand for safe and biologically useful grafts. The objective of this article is to review the IAEA Standards and recommend new topics that could improve the current version.

International standards for monoclonal antibodies to support pre- and post-marketing product consistency: Evaluation of a candidate international standard for the bioactivities of rituximab

PubMed Central

Prior, Sandra; Hufton, Simon E.; Dougall, Thomas; Rigsby, Peter; Bristow, Adrian

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT The intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is built into the biosimilarity paradigm where critical quality attributes are controlled in exhaustive comparability studies with the reference medicinal product. The long-term success of biosimilars will depend on reassuring healthcare professionals and patients of consistent product quality, safety and efficacy. With this aim, the World Health Organization has endorsed the need for public bioactivity standards for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in support of current controls. We have developed a candidate international potency standard for rituximab that was evaluated in a multi-center collaborative study using participants' own qualified Fc-effector function and cell-based binding bioassays. Dose-response curve model parameters were shown to reflect similar behavior amongst rituximab preparations, albeit with some differences in potency. In the absence of a common reference standard, potency estimates were in poor agreement amongst laboratories, but the use of the candidate preparation significantly reduced this variability. Our results suggest that the candidate rituximab standard can support bioassay performance and improve data harmonization, which when implemented will promote consistency of rituximab products over their life-cycles. This data provides the first scientific evidence that a classical standardization exercise allowing traceability of bioassay data to an international standard is also applicable to rituximab. However, we submit that this new type of international standard needs to be used appropriately and its role not to be mistaken with that of the reference medicinal product. PMID:28985159

Pollutant Emissions and Energy Efficiency under Controlled Conditions for Household Biomass Cookstoves and Implications for Metrics Useful in Setting International Test Standards

EPA Science Inventory

Realistic metrics and methods for testing household biomass cookstoves are required to develop standards needed by international policy makers, donors, and investors. Application of consistent test practices allows emissions and energy efficiency performance to be benchmarked and...

Evaluation of the Department of the Navy’s (DoN’s) Managers Internal Control (MIC) Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

50 e. Managing Risk during Change (Major Factor #5) ...............50 3. Control Activities...Five Standards of Internal Management Controls as Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information and Communication, and...Major Management Challenges In 2003, GAO produced another report titled Major Management Challenges and Program Risks for the DoD. This report

Introduction to the special issue on the 2011 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum.

PubMed

Burt, Eric; Gill, Patrick

2012-03-01

The 8 invited and 17 contributed papers in this special issue focus on the following topical areas covered at the 2011 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum, held in San Francisco, California: 1) Materials and Resonators; 2) Oscillators, Synthesizers, and Noise; 3) Microwave Frequency Standards; 4) Sensors and Transducers; 5) Timekeeping and Time and Frequency Transfer; and 6) Optical Frequency Standards.

Evolution of activities in international biological standardization since the early days of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations.

PubMed

Sizaret, P

1988-01-01

The main activities in international biological standardization during the 18 years that followed the first international biological standardization meeting in London in 1921 were concerned with expressing the potencies of test preparations in comparison with reference materials. After the Second World War, however, it became clear that the testing of biological substances against international reference materials was only one among several measures for obtaining safe and potent products. The activities in international biological standardization were therefore widened so that, by the strict observance of specific manufacturing and control requirements, it was possible to gain further in safety and efficacy. At the end of 1987, 42 international requirements for biological substances were available and were being used as national requirements, sometimes after minor modification, by the majority of WHO's Member States. This is of utmost importance for the worldwide use of safe and potent biological products, including vaccines.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189.

PubMed

Schneider, Frank; Maurer, Caroline; Friedberg, Richard C

2017-09-01

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) offers a suite of laboratory accreditation programs, including one specific to accreditation to the international organization for standardization (ISO) 15189 standard for quality management specific to medical laboratories. CAP leaders offer an overview of ISO 15189 including its components, internal audits, occurrence management, document control, and risk management. The authors provide a comparison of its own ISO 15189 program, CAP 15189, to the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program. The authors conclude with why laboratories should use ISO 15189. © The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.

Updating the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care. Entering the era of molecular diagnostics.

PubMed

Hopewell, Philip C; Fair, Elizabeth L; Uplekar, Mukund

2014-03-01

The International Standards for Tuberculosis Care, first published in 2006 (Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6:710-725.) with a second edition in 2009 ( www.currytbcenter.ucsf.edu/international/istc_report ), was produced by an international coalition of organizations funded by the United States Agency for International Development. Development of the document was led jointly by the World Health Organization and the American Thoracic Society, with the aim of promoting engagement of all care providers, especially those in the private sector in low- and middle-income countries, in delivering high-quality services for tuberculosis. In keeping with World Health Organization recommendations regarding rapid molecular testing, as well as other pertinent new recommendations, the third edition of the Standards has been developed. After decades of dormancy, the technology available for tuberculosis care and control is now rapidly evolving. In particular, rapid molecular testing, using devices with excellent performance characteristics for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance, and that are practical and affordable for use in decentralized facilities in low-resource settings, is being widely deployed globally. Used appropriately, both within tuberculosis control programs and in private laboratories, these devices have the potential to revolutionize tuberculosis care and control, providing a confirmed diagnosis and a determination of rifampin resistance within a few hours, enabling appropriate treatment to be initiated promptly. Major changes have been made in the standards for diagnosis. Additional important changes include: emphasis on the recognition of groups at increased risk of tuberculosis; updating the standard on antiretroviral treatment in persons with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection; and revising the standard on treating multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.

49 CFR 193.2631 - Internal corrosion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Internal corrosion control. 193.2631 Section 193.2631 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...

49 CFR 193.2631 - Internal corrosion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Internal corrosion control. 193.2631 Section 193.2631 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...

49 CFR 193.2631 - Internal corrosion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Internal corrosion control. 193.2631 Section 193.2631 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...

Simple method for production of internal control DNA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction assays.

PubMed Central

deWit, D; Wootton, M; Allan, B; Steyn, L

1993-01-01

A simple method for the production of internal control DNA for two well-established Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction assays is described. The internal controls were produced from Mycobacterium kansasii DNA with the same primers but at a lower annealing temperature than that used in the standard assays. In both assays, therefore, the internal control DNA has the same primer-binding sequences at the target DNA. One-microgram quantities of internal control DNA which was not contaminated with target DNA could easily be produced by this method. The inclusion of the internal control in the reaction mixture did not affect the efficiency of amplification of the target DNA. The method is simple and rapid and should be adaptable to most M. tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction assays. Images PMID:8370752

Standardization of Negative Controls in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Recommendations From the International Ad Hoc Expert Panel

PubMed Central

Torlakovic, Emina E.; Francis, Glenn; Garratt, John; Gilks, Blake; Hyjek, Elizabeth; Ibrahim, Merdol; Miller, Rodney; Nielsen, Søren; Petcu, Eugen B.; Swanson, Paul E.; Taylor, Clive R.; Vyberg, Mogens

2014-01-01

Standardization of controls, both positive and negative controls, is needed for diagnostic immunohistochemistry (dIHC). The use of IHC-negative controls, irrespective of type, although well established, is not standardized. As such, the relevance and applicability of negative controls continues to challenge both pathologists and laboratory budgets. Despite the clear theoretical notion that appropriate controls serve to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the dIHC test, it remains unclear which types of positive and negative controls are applicable and/or useful in day-to-day clinical practice. There is a perceived need to provide “best practice recommendations” for the use of negative controls. This perception is driven not only by logistics and cost issues, but also by increased pressure for accurate IHC testing, especially when IHC is performed for predictive markers, the number of which is rising as personalized medicine continues to develop. Herein, an international ad hoc expert panel reviews classification of negative controls relevant to clinical practice, proposes standard terminology for negative controls, considers the total evidence of IHC specificity that is available to pathologists, and develops a set of recommendations for the use of negative controls in dIHC based on “fit-for-use” principles. PMID:24714041

Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution from Aircraft and Aircraft Engines: Emission Standards and Test Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is amending the existing emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for new commercial aircraft engines. These standards are equivalent to the NOx emission standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Food control from farm to fork: implementing the standards of Codex and the OIE.

PubMed

Hathaway, S C

2013-08-01

The Codex Alimentarius (Codex) international food standards help to ensure food safety and promote fair practices in the international food trade. Implementing these standards using a risk management framework (RMF) approach to decision-making is an increasingly common aspect of the food control programmes of national governments. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) provides guidance at both the system and food commodity levels. In the case of zoonoses, similarities in the risk analysis methodologies used to underpin standard setting by the CAC and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) are highly enabling of integrated food control systems. The CAC and the OIE are increasingly working together to develop their respective standards for foodborne zoonoses and other hazards so that they are non-duplicative, cohesive and utilise the whole food chain. There is a clear need for effective integration of food safety and animal health monitoring and surveillance information to better control foodborne zoonoses. This is increasingly supported by Codex and OIE standards working together in a variety of ways and realisation of benefits is highly dependent on coordination and sharing of information between Competent Authorities and other food safety stakeholders at the national level.

76 FR 22662 - Notice of Intent To Apply Certain Supervisory Guidance to Savings and Loan Holding Companies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... information that is used to assess inherent risks and internal control processes. Such activities include... management and information systems; and internal controls. The financial condition rating is supported by... appropriate standards of capitalization, liquidity, and risk management consistent with the principles of...

40 CFR 265.1085 - Standards: Tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... controls shall use one of the following tanks: (1) A fixed-roof tank equipped with an internal floating... equipped with an external floating roof in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (f) of... controls air pollutant emissions from a tank using a fixed-roof with an internal floating roof shall meet...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards...

International standards: the World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Animal Health Code.

PubMed

Thiermann, A B

2015-04-01

This paper provides a description of the international standards contained in the TerrestrialAnimal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that relate to the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. It identifies the rights and obligations of OIE Member Countries regarding the notification of animal disease occurrences, as well as the recommendations to be followed for a safe and efficient international trade of animals and their products.

A one step real time PCR method for the quantification of hepatitis delta virus RNA using an external armored RNA standard and intrinsic internal control.

PubMed

Karataylı, Ersin; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Karataylı, Senem Ceren; Alagöz, S Gökçe K; Cınar, Kubilay; Yalçın, Kendal; Idilman, Ramazan; Yurdaydın, Cihan; Bozdayı, A Mithat

2014-05-01

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA viral load measurement is critical in diagnosis and monitoring the response to antiviral treatment. Our aim is to design a real time PCR method for accurate quantitation of HDV RNA in clinical specimens using an armored RNA as external standard, and an intrinsic internal control. A plasmid bearing delta antigen region of genotype I HDV genome was used to develop an armored RNA. Serial dilutions of the armored HDV RNA standard with 10(12)copy/mL were used as standards for quantitation. A primer-probe set derived from HDAg region was used in one step EZ RT PCR kit chemistry which uses rTth enzyme allowing reverse transcription and polymerization in the same tube. The kit also uses the advantage of uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) enzyme treatment to prevent PCR contamination. The established assay has a dynamic range of 10(2)-10(11)copy/mL with a PCR efficiency of 96.9%. Detection limit was 858±32copy/mL with 95% confidence interval. Intra- and inter-assay variabilities were low for high, medium and low levels of viremia. Incorporation of freely circulating GAPDH in serum into the assay as an intrinsic internal control prevented false negative results and failures in PCR amplifications due to inhibitors, inefficient extraction procedures or enzymatic reactions. In conclusion, this study defines a novel assay for sensitive and reliable quantification of HDV RNA using an armored HDV RNA as a standard and GAPDH in plasma or serum as an intrinsic internal control in a single tube. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Inter-laboratory trial of a standardized sediment contact test with the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum (ISO 16191).

PubMed

Feiler, Ute; Ratte, Monika; Arts, Gertie; Bazin, Christine; Brauer, Frank; Casado, Carmen; Dören, Laszlo; Eklund, Britta; Gilberg, Daniel; Grote, Matthias; Gonsior, Guido; Hafner, Christoph; Kopf, Willi; Lemnitzer, Bernd; Liedtke, Anja; Matthias, Uwe; Okos, Ewa; Pandard, Pascal; Scheerbaum, Dirk; Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild; Stewart, Kathleen; Teodorovic, Ivana; Wenzel, Andrea; Pluta, Hans-Jürgen

2014-03-01

A whole-sediment toxicity test with Myriophyllum aquaticum has been developed by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology and standardized within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO; ISO 16191). An international ring-test was performed to evaluate the precision of the test method. Four sediments (artificial, natural) were tested. Test duration was 10 d, and test endpoint was inhibition of growth rate (r) based on fresh weight data. Eighteen of 21 laboratories met the validity criterion of r ≥ 0.09 d(-1) in the control. Results from 4 tests that did not conform to test-performance criteria were excluded from statistical evaluation. The inter-laboratory variability of growth rates (20.6%-25.0%) and inhibition (26.6%-39.9%) was comparable with the variability of other standardized bioassays. The mean test-internal variability of the controls was low (7% [control], 9.7% [solvent control]), yielding a high discriminatory power of the given test design (median minimum detectable differences [MDD] 13% to 15%). To ensure these MDDs, an additional validity criterion of CV ≤ 15% of the growth rate in the controls was recommended. As a positive control, 90 mg 3,5-dichlorophenol/kg sediment dry mass was tested. The range of the expected growth inhibition was proposed to be 35 ± 15%. The ring test results demonstrated the reliability of the ISO 16191 toxicity test and its suitability as a tool to assess the toxicity of sediment and dredged material. © 2013 SETAC.

Final Rule for Control of Emissions From New Marine Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 2.5 Liters Per Cylinder

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The near-term, Tier 1 standards in this rule are equivalent to the internationally negotiated emission limits for oxides of nitrogen (NOx). These standards will go into effect in 2004 and are based on readily available emission-control technology.

25 CFR 543.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... surveillance? 543.21 Section 543.21 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for surveillance? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed for surveillance by an agent(s) with authority equal to or greater than those being supervised. (b) Surveillance...

25 CFR 543.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... surveillance? 543.21 Section 543.21 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for surveillance? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed for surveillance by an agent(s) with authority equal to or greater than those being supervised. (b) Surveillance...

78 FR 1826 - International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard-Setting Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... Health (OIE, formerly known as the Office International des Epizooties) regarding animal health and... international significance, publishes bulletins on global disease status, and provides animal disease control guidelines to Members. Various OIE commissions and working groups undertake the development and preparation...

An Evaluation Methodology for the Usability and Security of Cloud-based File Sharing Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

FISMA, ISO 27001 , FIPS 140-2, and ISO 270001) indicate a cloud-based service’s compliance with industry standard security controls, management and...Information Assurance IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IT Information Technology ITS Insider Threat Study ISO International...effectively, efficiently and with satisfaction” (International Organization for Standardization [ ISO ], 1998). Alternately, information security

Simulation improves procedural protocol adherence during central venous catheter placement: a randomized-controlled trial

PubMed Central

Peltan, Ithan D.; Shiga, Takashi; Gordon, James A.; Currier, Paul F.

2015-01-01

Background Simulation training may improve proficiency at and reduces complications from central venous catheter (CVC) placement, but the scope of simulation’s effect remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a pragmatic CVC simulation program on procedural protocol adherence, technical skill, and patient outcomes. Methods Internal medicine interns were randomized to standard training for CVC insertion or standard training plus simulation-based mastery training. Standard training involved a lecture, a video-based online module, and instruction by the supervising physician during actual CVC insertions. Intervention-group subjects additionally underwent supervised training on a venous access simulator until they demonstrated procedural competence. Raters evaluated interns’ performance during internal jugular CVC placement on actual patients in the medical intensive care unit. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for outcome clustering within trainees. Results We observed 52 interns place 87 CVCs. Simulation-trained interns exhibited better adherence to prescribed procedural technique than interns who received only standard training (p=0.024). There were no significant differences detected in first-attempt or overall cannulation success rates, mean needle passes, global assessment scores or complication rates. Conclusions Simulation training added to standard training improved protocol adherence during CVC insertion by novice practitioners. This study may have been too small to detect meaningful differences in venous cannulation proficiency and other clinical outcomes, highlighting the difficulty of patient-centered simulation research in settings where poor outcomes are rare. For high-performing systems, where protocol deviations may provide an important proxy for rare procedural complications, simulation may improve CVC insertion quality and safety. PMID:26154250

25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

17 CFR 229.308 - (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting. 229.308 Section 229.308 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY AND...

17 CFR 229.308 - (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting. 229.308 Section 229.308 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY AND...

17 CFR 229.308 - (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting. 229.308 Section 229.308 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY AND...

17 CFR 229.308 - (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false (Item 308) Internal control over financial reporting. 229.308 Section 229.308 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY AND...

The estimation of the measurement results with using statistical methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velychko, O.; Gordiyenko, T.

2015-02-01

The row of international standards and guides describe various statistical methods that apply for a management, control and improvement of processes with the purpose of realization of analysis of the technical measurement results. The analysis of international standards and guides on statistical methods estimation of the measurement results recommendations for those applications in laboratories is described. For realization of analysis of standards and guides the cause-and-effect Ishikawa diagrams concerting to application of statistical methods for estimation of the measurement results are constructed.

The challenge of regional accents for aviation English language proficiency standards: a study of difficulties in understanding in air traffic control-pilot communications.

PubMed

Tiewtrakul, T; Fletcher, S R

2010-02-01

Although English has been the international aviation language since 1951, formal language proficiency testing for key aviation personnel has only recently been implemented by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It aims to ensure minimum acceptable levels of English pronunciation and comprehension universally, but does not attend to particular regional dialect difficulties. However, evidence suggests that voice transmissions between air traffic controllers and pilots are a particular problem in international airspace and that pilots may not understand messages due to the influence of different accents when using English. This study explores the potential impact of 'non-native English' in pilot-air traffic control transmissions using a 'conversation analysis' technique to examine approach phase recordings from Bangkok International Airport. Results support that communication errors, defined by incidents of pilots not understanding, occur significantly more often when speakers are both non-native English, messages are more complex and when numerical information is involved. These results and their possible implications are discussed with reference to the development of ICAO's new language proficiency standards. Statement of Relevance: This study builds on previous work and literature, providing further evidence to show that the risks caused by language and linguistics in aviation must be explored more deeply. Findings are particularly contemporary and relevant today, indicating that recently implemented international standards would benefit from further exploratory research and development.

International collaborative study for the calibration of proposed International Standards for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, and for thromboplastin, recombinant, human, plain.

PubMed

van den Besselaar, A M H P; Chantarangkul, V; Angeloni, F; Binder, N B; Byrne, M; Dauer, R; Gudmundsdottir, B R; Jespersen, J; Kitchen, S; Legnani, C; Lindahl, T L; Manning, R A; Martinuzzo, M; Panes, O; Pengo, V; Riddell, A; Subramanian, S; Szederjesi, A; Tantanate, C; Herbel, P; Tripodi, A

2018-01-01

Essentials Two candidate International Standards for thromboplastin (coded RBT/16 and rTF/16) are proposed. International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of proposed standards was assessed in a 20-centre study. The mean ISI for RBT/16 was 1.21 with a between-centre coefficient of variation of 4.6%. The mean ISI for rTF/16 was 1.11 with a between-centre coefficient of variation of 5.7%. Background The availability of International Standards for thromboplastin is essential for the calibration of routine reagents and hence the calculation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Stocks of the current Fourth International Standards are running low. Candidate replacement materials have been prepared. This article describes the calibration of the proposed Fifth International Standards for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain (coded RBT/16) and for thromboplastin, recombinant, human, plain (coded rTF/16). Methods An international collaborative study was carried out for the assignment of International Sensitivity Indexes (ISIs) to the candidate materials, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for thromboplastins and plasma used to control oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists. Results Results were obtained from 20 laboratories. In several cases, deviations from the ISI calibration model were observed, but the average INR deviation attributabled to the model was not greater than 10%. Only valid ISI assessments were used to calculate the mean ISI for each candidate. The mean ISI for RBT/16 was 1.21 (between-laboratory coefficient of variation [CV]: 4.6%), and the mean ISI for rTF/16 was 1.11 (between-laboratory CV: 5.7%). Conclusions The between-laboratory variation of the ISI for candidate material RBT/16 was similar to that of the Fourth International Standard (RBT/05), and the between-laboratory variation of the ISI for candidate material rTF/16 was slightly higher than that of the Fourth International Standard (rTF/09). The candidate materials have been accepted by WHO as the Fifth International Standards for thromboplastin, rabbit plain, and thromboplastin, recombinant, human, plain. © 2017 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

25 CFR 543.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... games? 543.10 Section 543.10 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for card games? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed during the card... personnel independent of the transaction or independent of the card games department; or (2) A dealer may...

25 CFR 543.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... games? 543.10 Section 543.10 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for card games? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed during the card... personnel independent of the transaction or independent of the card games department; or (2) A dealer may...

25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF... control standards for complimentary services or items? (a) Each Tribal gaming regulatory authority or gaming operation shall establish and the gaming operation shall comply with procedures for the...

75 FR 64684 - Cost Accounting Standards: Elimination of the Exemption From Cost Accounting Standards for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... financial accounting practices and internal controls. Consistency will be better served by all companies... such as the ownership and control of the company, and whether the contractor's accounting activities... argues that there must be some type of accounting system in foreign entities to ensure that billings...

Reflections on International Bibliographic Standards.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, W.

This paper raises questions about many bibliographic standards developed over the past 20 years, and challenges librarians to consider how standards might evolve. A brief overview is given of the aims of Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) and to some assumptions common to much standardization work in recent years inspired by the concept of UBC.…

International standards on working postures and movements ISO 11226 and EN 1005-4.

PubMed

Delleman, N J; Dul, J

2007-11-01

Standards organizations have given considerable attention to the problem of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The publication of international standards for evaluating working postures and movements, ISO 11,226 in 2000 and EN 1,005-4 in 2005, may be considered as a support for those involved in preventing and controlling these disorders. The first one is a tool for evaluation of existing work situations, whereas the latter one is a tool for evaluation during a design/engineering process. Key publications and considerations that led to the content of the standards are presented, followed by examples of application.

EPA's Role in the International Maritime Organization (IMO)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

IMO promotes cooperation in regulation of shipping in international trade and encourages the adoption of the highest practicable standards concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation, and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships.

25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the accuracy of the ending balance in the pull tab control by reconciling the pull tabs on hand. (6) A.... (g) Standards for statistical reports. (1) Records shall be maintained, which include win, write (sales), and a win-to-write hold percentage as compared to the theoretical hold percentage derived from...

Resistance to temptation: the interaction of external and internal control on alcohol use during residential treatment for alcohol use disorder.

PubMed

Soravia, Leila M; Schläfli, Katrin; Stutz, Sonja; Rösner, Susanne; Moggi, Franz

2015-11-01

There is evidence that drinking during residential treatment is related to various factors, such as patients' general control beliefs and self-efficacy, as well as to external control of alcohol use by program's staff and situations where there is temptation to drink. As alcohol use during treatment has been shown to be associated with the resumption of alcohol use after discharge from residential treatment, we aimed to investigate how these variables are related to alcohol use during abstinence-oriented residential treatment programs for alcohol use disorders (AUD). In total, 509 patients who entered 1 of 2 residential abstinence-oriented treatment programs for AUD were included in the study. After detoxification, patients completed a standardized diagnostic procedure including interviews and questionnaires. Drinking was assessed by patients' self-report of at least 1 standard drink or by positive breathalyzer testing. The 2 residential programs were categorized as high or low control according to the average number of tests per patient. Regression analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between internal and external control suggesting that patients with high internal locus of control and high frequency of control by staff demonstrated the least alcohol use during treatment (16.7%) while patients with low internal locus of control in programs with low external control were more likely to use alcohol during treatment (45.9%). No effects were found for self-efficacy and temptation. As alcohol use during treatment is most likely associated with poor treatment outcomes, external control may improve treatment outcomes and particularly support patients with low internal locus of control, who show the highest risk for alcohol use during treatment. High external control may complement high internal control to improve alcohol use prevention while in treatment. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Research Society on Alcoholism.

[Implementation of the technical requirements of the UNE-EN-ISO 15189 quality standard in a mycobacterial laboratory].

PubMed

Guna Serrano, M del Remedio; Ocete Mochón, M Dolores; Lahiguera, M José; Bresó, M Carmen; Gimeno Cardona, Concepción

2013-02-01

The UNE-EN-ISO 15189:2007 standard defines the requirements for quality and competence that must be met by medical laboratories. These laboratories should use this international standard to develop their own quality management systems and to evaluate their own competencies; in turn, this standard will be used by accreditation bodies to confirm or recognize the laboratories' competence. In clinical microbiology laboratories, application of the standard implies the implementation of the technical and specific management requirements that must be met to achieve optimal quality when carrying out microbiological tests. In Spain, accreditation is granted by the Spanish Accreditation Body (Entidad Nacional de Acreditación). This review aims to discuss the practical application of the standard's technical requirements in mycobacterial laboratory. Firstly, we define the scope of accreditation. Secondly, we specify how the items of the standard on personnel management, control of equipment, environmental facilities, method validation, internal controls and customer satisfaction surveys were developed and implemented in our laboratory. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

Project Cerberus: tobacco industry strategy to create an alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

PubMed

Mamudu, Hadii M; Hammond, Ross; Glantz, Stanton A

2008-09-01

Between 1999 and 2001, British American Tobacco, Philip Morris, and Japan Tobacco International executed Project Cerberus to develop a global voluntary regulatory regime as an alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). They aimed to develop a global voluntary regulatory code to be overseen by an independent audit body and to focus attention on youth smoking prevention. The International Tobacco Products Marketing Standards announced in September 2001, however, did not have the independent audit body. Although the companies did not stop the FCTC, they continue to promote the International Tobacco Products Marketing Standards youth smoking prevention as an alternative to the FCTC. Public health civil society groups should help policymakers and governments understand the importance of not working with the tobacco industry.

Project Cerberus: Tobacco Industry Strategy to Create an Alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

PubMed Central

Mamudu, Hadii M.; Hammond, Ross; Glantz, Stanton A.

2008-01-01

Between 1999 and 2001, British American Tobacco, Philip Morris, and Japan Tobacco International executed Project Cerberus to develop a global voluntary regulatory regime as an alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). They aimed to develop a global voluntary regulatory code to be overseen by an independent audit body and to focus attention on youth smoking prevention. The International Tobacco Products Marketing Standards announced in September 2001, however, did not have the independent audit body. Although the companies did not stop the FCTC, they continue to promote the International Tobacco Products Marketing Standards youth smoking prevention as an alternative to the FCTC. Public health civil society groups should help policymakers and governments understand the importance of not working with the tobacco industry. PMID:18633079

International aspects of problems associated with the use of psychoactive drugs.

PubMed

Chruściel, T L

1976-01-01

Problems of terminology, use and consumption, advertising, effectiveness and appropriate information and education on psychoactive drugs are outlined and advantages of international collaboration in attempts to establish standards for controlled clinical trials in psychopharmacology are discussed.

Media independent interface. Interface control document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

A Media Independent Interface (MII) is specified, using current standards in the industry. The MII is described in hierarchical fashion. At the base are IEEE/International Standards Organization (ISO) documents (standards) which describe the functionality of the software modules or layers and their interconnection. These documents describe primitives which are to transcent the MII. The intent of the MII is to provide a universal interface to one or more Media Access Contols (MACs) for the Logical Link Controller and Station Manager. This interface includes both a standardized electrical and mechanical interface and a standardized functional specification which defines the services expected from the MAC.

A Study on the Development of Service Quality Index for Incheon International Airport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Kang Seok; Lee, Seung Chang; Hong, Soon Kil

2003-01-01

The main purpose of this study is located at developing Ominibus Monitors System(OMS) for internal management, which will enable to establish standards, finding out matters to be improved, and appreciation for its treatment in a systematic way. It is through developing subjective or objective estimation tool with use importance, perceived level, and complex index at international airport by each principal service items. The direction of this study came towards for the purpose of developing a metric analysis tool, utilizing the Quantitative Second Data, Analysing Perceived Data through airport user surveys, systemizing the data collection-input-analysis process, making data image according to graph of results, planning Service Encounter and endowing control attribution, and ensuring competitiveness at the minimal international standards. It is much important to set up a pre-investigation plan on the base of existent foreign literature and actual inspection to international airport. Two tasks have been executed together on the base of this pre-investigation; one is developing subjective estimation standards for departing party, entering party, and airport residence and the other is developing objective standards as complementary methods. The study has processed for the purpose of monitoring services at airports regularly and irregularly through developing software system for operating standards after ensuring credibility and feasibility of estimation standards with substantial and statistical way.

Quantitative monitoring of HCMV DNAlactia in human milk by real time PCR assay: Implementation of internal control contributes to standardization and quality control.

PubMed

Hartleif, Steffen; Göhring, Katharina; Goelz, Rangmar; Jahn, Gerhard; Hamprecht, Klaus

2016-11-01

For cytomegalovirus screening of breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants under risk, we present a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR protocol using the hybridization format of the viral gB target region. For quantification, we used an external gB fragment cloned into a vector system. For standardization, we created an internal control-plasmid by site-directed mutagenesis with an exchange of 9 nucleotides. Spiked with internal control, patient wildtype amplicons could be discriminated from internal controls by hybridization probes using two-channel fluorescence detection. Potential bias of formerly reported false nucleotide sequence data of gB-hybridization probes was excluded. Using this approach, we could demonstrate excellent analytical performance and high reproducibility of HCMV detection during lactation. This assay shows very good correlation with a commercial quantitative HCMV DNA PCR and may help to identify rapidly HCMV shedding mothers of very low birth weight preterm infants to prevent HCMV transmission. On the other hand, negative DNA amplification results allow feeding of milk samples of seropositive mothers to their preterm infants under risk (<30 weeks of gestational age, <1000g birth weight) during the onset and late stage of HCMV shedding during lactation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Variance analysis refines overhead cost control.

PubMed

Cooper, J C; Suver, J D

1992-02-01

Many healthcare organizations may not fully realize the benefits of standard cost accounting techniques because they fail to routinely report volume variances in their internal reports. If overhead allocation is routinely reported on internal reports, managers can determine whether billing remains current or lost charges occur. Healthcare organizations' use of standard costing techniques can lead to more realistic performance measurements and information system improvements that alert management to losses from unrecovered overhead in time for corrective action.

CDISC Terminology

Cancer.gov

Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) is an international, non-profit organization that develops and supports global data standards for medical research. CDISC is working actively with EVS to develop and support controlled terminology in several areas, notably CDISC's Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM).

25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software... applicable voucher system, player interface or other transaction history records to verify the validity of...

25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... access to keno balls in play. (v) Back-up keno ball inventories shall be secured in a manner to prevent... procedures that provide at least the level of control described by the standards in this section, as approved.... (4) When it is necessary to void a ticket, the void information shall be inputted in the computer and...

25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... access to keno balls in play. (v) Back-up keno ball inventories shall be secured in a manner to prevent... procedures that provide at least the level of control described by the standards in this section, as approved.... (4) When it is necessary to void a ticket, the void information shall be inputted in the computer and...

European union standards for tuberculosis care.

PubMed

Migliori, G B; Zellweger, J P; Abubakar, I; Ibraim, E; Caminero, J A; De Vries, G; D'Ambrosio, L; Centis, R; Sotgiu, G; Menegale, O; Kliiman, K; Aksamit, T; Cirillo, D M; Danilovits, M; Dara, M; Dheda, K; Dinh-Xuan, A T; Kluge, H; Lange, C; Leimane, V; Loddenkemper, R; Nicod, L P; Raviglione, M C; Spanevello, A; Thomsen, V Ø; Villar, M; Wanlin, M; Wedzicha, J A; Zumla, A; Blasi, F; Huitric, E; Sandgren, A; Manissero, D

2012-04-01

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) jointly developed European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ESTC) aimed at providing European Union (EU)-tailored standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). The International Standards for TB Care (ISTC) were developed in the global context and are not always adapted to the EU setting and practices. The majority of EU countries have the resources and capacity to implement higher standards to further secure quality TB diagnosis, treatment and prevention. On this basis, the ESTC were developed as standards specifically tailored to the EU setting. A panel of 30 international experts, led by a writing group and the ERS and ECDC, identified and developed the 21 ESTC in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, HIV and comorbid conditions, and public health and prevention. The ISTCs formed the basis for the 21 standards, upon which additional EU adaptations and supplements were developed. These patient-centred standards are targeted to clinicians and public health workers, providing an easy-to-use resource, guiding through all required activities to ensure optimal diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB. These will support EU health programmes to identify and develop optimal procedures for TB care, control and elimination.

CCSDS - Advancing Spaceflight Technology for International Collaboration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kearney, Mike; Kiely, Aaron; Yeh, Penshu; Gerner, Jean-Luc; Calzolari, Gian-Paolo; Gifford, Kevin; Merri, Mario; Weiss, Howard

2010-01-01

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has been developing data and communications standards since 1982, with the objective of providing interoperability for enabling international collaboration for spaceflight missions. As data and communications technology has advanced, CCSDS has progressed to capitalize on existing products when available and suitable for spaceflight, and to develop innovative new approaches when available products fail. The current scope of the CCSDS architecture spans the end-to-end data architecture of a spaceflight mission, with ongoing efforts to develop and standardize cutting-edge technology. This manuscript describes the overall architecture, the position of CCSDS in the standards and international mission community, and some CCSDS processes. It then highlights in detail several of the most interesting and critical technical areas in work right now, and how they support collaborative missions. Special topics include: Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), Asynchronous Message Service (AMS), Multispectral/Hyperspectral Data Compression (MHDC), Coding and Synchronization, Onboard Wireless, Spacecraft Monitor and Control, Navigation, Security, and Time Synchronization/Correlation. Broad international participation in development of CCSDS standards is encouraged.

Assessment of Telomere Length, Phenotype, and DNA Content

PubMed Central

Kelesidis, Theodoros; Schmid, Ingrid

2017-01-01

Telomere sequences at the end of chromosomes control somatic cell division; therefore, telomere length in a given cell population provides information about its replication potential. This unit describes a method for flow cytometric measurement of telomere length in subpopulations using fluorescence in situ hybridization of fluorescently-labeled probes (Flow-FISH) without prior cell separation. After cells are stained for surface immunofluorescence, antigen-antibody complexes are covalently cross-linked onto cell membranes before FISH with a telomere-specific probe. Cells with long telomeres are included as internal standards. Addition of a DNA dye permits exclusion of proliferating cells during data analysis. DNA ploidy measurements of cells of interest and internal standard are performed on separate aliquots in parallel to Flow-FISH. Telomere fluorescence of G0/1 cells of subpopulations and internal standards obtained from Flow-FISH are normalized for DNA ploidy, and telomere length in subsets of interest is expressed as a fraction of the internal standard telomere length. PMID:28055113

Assessment of Telomere Length, Phenotype, and DNA Content.

PubMed

Kelesidis, Theodoros; Schmid, Ingrid

2017-01-05

Telomere sequences at the end of chromosomes control somatic cell division; therefore, telomere length in a given cell population provides information about its replication potential. This unit describes a method for flow cytometric measurement of telomere length in subpopulations using fluorescence in situ hybridization of fluorescently-labeled probes (Flow-FISH) without prior cell separation. After cells are stained for surface immunofluorescence, antigen-antibody complexes are covalently cross-linked onto cell membranes before FISH with a telomere-specific probe. Cells with long telomeres are included as internal standards. Addition of a DNA dye permits exclusion of proliferating cells during data analysis. DNA ploidy measurements of cells of interest and internal standard are performed on separate aliquots in parallel to Flow-FISH. Telomere fluorescence of G 0/1 cells of subpopulations and internal standards obtained from Flow-FISH are normalized for DNA ploidy, and telomere length in subsets of interest is expressed as a fraction of the internal standard telomere length. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Halogenated peptides as internal standards (H-PINS): introduction of an MS-based internal standard set for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Mirzaei, Hamid; Brusniak, Mi-Youn; Mueller, Lukas N; Letarte, Simon; Watts, Julian D; Aebersold, Ruedi

2009-08-01

As the application for quantitative proteomics in the life sciences has grown in recent years, so has the need for more robust and generally applicable methods for quality control and calibration. The reliability of quantitative proteomics is tightly linked to the reproducibility and stability of the analytical platforms, which are typically multicomponent (e.g. sample preparation, multistep separations, and mass spectrometry) with individual components contributing unequally to the overall system reproducibility. Variations in quantitative accuracy are thus inevitable, and quality control and calibration become essential for the assessment of the quality of the analyses themselves. Toward this end, the use of internal standards cannot only assist in the detection and removal of outlier data acquired by an irreproducible system (quality control) but can also be used for detection of changes in instruments for their subsequent performance and calibration. Here we introduce a set of halogenated peptides as internal standards. The peptides are custom designed to have properties suitable for various quality control assessments, data calibration, and normalization processes. The unique isotope distribution of halogenated peptides makes their mass spectral detection easy and unambiguous when spiked into complex peptide mixtures. In addition, they were designed to elute sequentially over an entire aqueous to organic LC gradient and to have m/z values within the commonly scanned mass range (300-1800 Da). In a series of experiments in which these peptides were spiked into an enriched N-glycosite peptide fraction (i.e. from formerly N-glycosylated intact proteins in their deglycosylated form) isolated from human plasma, we show the utility and performance of these halogenated peptides for sample preparation and LC injection quality control as well as for retention time and mass calibration. Further use of the peptides for signal intensity normalization and retention time synchronization for selected reaction monitoring experiments is also demonstrated.

Internal shim

DOEpatents

Barth, Clyde H.; Blizinski, Theodore W.

2003-05-13

An internal shim used to accurately measure spaces in conjunction with a standard small probe has a shim top and a chassis. The internal shim is adjustably fixed within the space to be measured using grippers that emerge from the chassis and which are controlled by an arm pivotably attached to the shim top. A standard small probe passes through the shim along guides on the chassis and measures the distance between the exterior of the chassis and the boundary. By summing the measurements on each side of the chassis and the width of the chassis, the dimension of the space can be determined to within 0.001 inches.

Anthropometric standardisation and quality control protocols for the construction of new, international, fetal and newborn growth standards: the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.

PubMed

Cheikh Ismail, L; Knight, H E; Ohuma, E O; Hoch, L; Chumlea, W C

2013-09-01

The primary aim of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project is to construct new, prescriptive standards describing optimal fetal and preterm postnatal growth. The anthropometric measurements include the head circumference, recumbent length and weight of the infants, and the stature and weight of the parents. In such a large, international, multicentre project, it is critical that all study sites follow standardised protocols to ensure maximal validity of the growth and nutrition indicators used. This paper describes in detail the anthropometric training, standardisation and quality control procedures used to collect data for these new standards. The initial standardisation session was in Nairobi, Kenya, using newborns, which was followed by similar sessions in the eight participating study sites in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, UK and USA. The intraobserver and inter-observer technical error of measurement values for head circumference range from 0.3 to 0.4 cm, and for recumbent length from 0.3 to 0.5 cm. These standardisation protocols implemented at each study site worldwide ensure that the anthropometric data collected are of the highest quality to construct international growth standards. © 2013 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Study of twenty preparations of human albumin solution which failed in quality control testing due to elevated sodium content, a poor internal quality control at manufacturing unit.

PubMed

Prasad, J P; Madhu, Y; Singh, Surinder; Soni, G R; Agnihotri, N; Singh, Varsha; Kumar, Pradeep; Jain, Nidhi; Prakash, Anu; Singh, Varun

2016-11-01

Current study is conducted in our laboratory due to failure in quality control testing of twenty batches of Human Albumin solution in which sodium content is higher than the prescribed limit. These batches are received in short duration from indigenous manufacturer and is the first incident of failure of Human albumin preparation in sodium content of manufacturer. On request of manufacturer, study is conducted to rule out the cause. Repeat testing of each out of specification batch is conducted and a trend analysis is drawn between our findings and manufacturer's results, also study of trend analysis of manufacturer for the last one year. Trend analysis data indicated towards poor consistency of batches with major shift at various time intervals in sodium content of human albumin preparation. Further analysis rule out that non-traceable quality of standard used in the internal quality control testing by manufacturer is the root cause of the problem. Copyright © 2016 International Alliance for Biological Standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ISBT 128 Standard for Coding Medical Products of Human Origin

PubMed Central

Ashford, Paul; Delgado, Matthew

2017-01-01

Background ISBT 128 is an international standard for the terminology, coding, labeling, and identification of medical products of human origin (MPHO). Full implementation of ISBT 128 improves traceability, transparency, vigilance and surveillance, and interoperability. Methods ICCBBA maintains the ISBT 128 standard through the activities of a network of expert volunteers, including representatives from professional scientific societies, governments and users, to standardize and maintain MPHO identification. These individuals are organized into Technical Advisory Groups and work within a structured framework as part of a quality-controlled standards development process. Results The extensive involvement of international scientific and professional societies in the development of the standard has ensured that ISBT 128 has gained widespread recognition. The user community has developed confidence in the ability of the standard to adapt to new developments in their fields of interest. The standard is fully compatible with Single European Code requirements for tissues and cells and is utilized by many European tissue establishments. ISBT 128's flexibility and robustness has allowed for expansions into subject areas such as cellular therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue banking. Conclusion ISBT 128 is the internationally recognized standard for coding MPHO and has gained widespread use globally throughout the past two decades. PMID:29344013

Enhancing Technology Education Students' Understanding of ISO 9000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harding, Kerry A.; Tesolowski, Dennis G.; Simmons, J. Bryan

2000-01-01

Defines ISO 9000, the quality control standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and looks at the benefits of ISO certification. Looks at the four levels of ISO 9000 and discusses the construction of training courses to prepare ISO documentation. (JOW)

Digital Mapping, Charting and Geodesy Data Standardization

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-12-19

The primary objective of the audit was to evaluate DMA’s implementation of the Defense Standardization Program. Specifically, the audit determined...interoperability of digital MC&G data. The audit also evaluated DMA’s implementation of the DoD Internal Management Control Program as it pertains to DMA’S implementation of the Defense Standardization Program.

Embryo transfer: a comparative biosecurity advantage in international movements of germplasm.

PubMed

Thibier, M

2011-04-01

This paper uses cattle as a model to provide an overview of the hazards involved in the transfer of in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos. While scientific studies in recent decades have led to the identification of pathogens that may be associated with both in vivo- and in vitro-derived embryos, those studies have also been the basis of appropriate disease control measures to reduce the risks to a negligible level. These disease control measures have been identified and assessed by the International Embryo Transfer Society's (lETS) Health and Safety Advisory Committee, the expert body that advises the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) on matters related to the safety of embryo transfer. Through the OIE's processes for developing and adopting international standards, the disease control measures identified by the IETS have been incorporated into the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. The basic principles rely on the crucial ethical roles of the embryo collection team and embryo transfer team, under the leadership of approved veterinarians. Decades of experience, with nearly 10 million embryos transferred, have demonstrated the very significant biosecurity advantage that embryo transfer technology has when moving germplasm internationally, provided that the international standards developed by the IETS and adopted by the OIE are strictly followed.

Internal Control Systems in the Library Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Begg, Robert T.

1985-01-01

Examines system for safeguarding assets and guaranteeing reliability of library's financial records within context of management functions that comprise accounting controls: planning by budget or other standard of comparison; operation of effective accounting and record-keeping system; personnel management practices. Cash controls as example of…

Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization.

PubMed

Kochanska, G; Murray, K; Jacques, T Y; Koenig, A L; Vandegeest, K A

1996-04-01

We examined inhibitory control as a quality of temperament that contributes to internalization. Children were assessed twice, at 26-41 months (N = 103) and at 43-56 months (N = 99), on repeated occasions, in multiple observational contexts and using parental reports. Comprehensive behavioral batteries incorporating multiple tasks were designed to measure inhibitory control at toddler and preschool age. They had good internal consistencies, corresponded with maternal ratings, and were developmentally sensitive. Individual children's performance was significantly correlated across both assessments, indicating stable individual differences. Girls surpassed boys at both ages. Children's internalization was observed while they were alone with prohibited objects, with a mundane chore, playing games that occasioned cheating, being induced to violate standards of conduct, and assessed using maternal reports. Inhibitory control was significantly associated with internalization, both contemporaneously and as a predictor in the longitudinal sense. The implications for considering children's temperament as a significant, yet often neglected contributor to developing internalization are discussed.

Bill Lang's contributions to acoustics at International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), signal processing, international standards, and professionalism in noise control engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maling, George C.

2005-09-01

Bill Lang joined IBM in the late 1950s with a mandate from Thomas Watson Jr. himself to establish an acoustics program at IBM. Bill created the facilities in Poughkeepsie, developed the local program, and was the leader in having other IBM locations with development and manufacturing responsibilities construct facilities and hire staff under the Interdivisional Liaison Program. He also directed IBMs acoustics technology program. In the mid-1960s, he led an IEEE standards group in Audio and Electroacoustics, and, with the help of James Cooley, Peter Welch, and others, introduced the fast Fourier transform to the acoustics community. He was the convenor of ISO TC 43 SC1 WG6 that began writing the 3740 series of standards in the 1970s. It was his suggestion to promote professionalism in noise control engineering, and, through meetings with Leo Beranek and others, led the founding of INCE/USA in 1971. He was also a leader of the team that founded International INCE in 1974, and he served as president from 1988 until 1999.

Proposed English Standards Promote Aviation Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chatham, Robert L.; Thomas, Shelley

2000-01-01

Discusses the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Air Navigation's Commission approval of a task to develop minimum skill level requirements in English for air traffic control. The ICAO collaborated with the Defense Language Institute English Language Center to propose a minimum standard for English proficiency for international…

Quality Assurance through ISO 9000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuckerman, Amy

2000-01-01

Created in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization, in Geneva, Switzerland, ISO 9000 is attempting to develop a world standard to help companies and other institutions measure and monitor their quality-control efforts. This article describes four school districts' successful efforts to secure ISO 9000 certification. (MLH)

A Comprehensive Review of Spirit Drink Safety Standards and Regulations from an International Perspective.

PubMed

Pang, Xiao-Na; Li, Zhao-Jie; Chen, Jing-Yu; Gao, Li-Juan; Han, Bei-Zhong

2017-03-01

Standards and regulations related to spirit drinks have been established by different countries and international organizations to ensure the safety and quality of spirits. Here, we introduce the principles of food safety and quality standards for alcoholic beverages and then compare the key indicators used in the distinct standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the European Union, the People's Republic of China, the United States, Canada, and Australia. We also discuss in detail the "maximum level" of the following main contaminants of spirit drinks: methanol, higher alcohols, ethyl carbamate, hydrocyanic acid, heavy metals, mycotoxins, phthalates, and aldehydes. Furthermore, the control measures used for potential hazards are introduced. Harmonization of the current requirements based on comprehensive scope analysis and the risk assessment approach will enhance both the trade and quality of distilled spirits. This review article provides valuable information that will enable producers, traders, governments, and researchers to increase their knowledge of spirit drink safety requirements, control measures, and research trends.

25 CFR 900.54 - Should the property management system prescribe internal controls?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Standards for Tribal or Tribal Organization Management Systems Property Management... contract consistent with the Indian tribe or tribal organization's property management system. ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Should the property management system prescribe internal...

25 CFR 900.54 - Should the property management system prescribe internal controls?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Standards for Tribal or Tribal Organization Management Systems Property Management... contract consistent with the Indian tribe or tribal organization's property management system. ... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Should the property management system prescribe internal...

40 CFR 264.1084 - Standards: Tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... internal floating roof in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (e) of this section; (2) A tank equipped with an external floating roof in accordance with the requirements specified in... operator who controls air pollutant emissions from a tank using a fixed roof with an internal floating roof...

[Internal audit in medical laboratory: what means of control for an effective audit process?].

PubMed

Garcia-Hejl, Carine; Chianéa, Denis; Dedome, Emmanuel; Sanmartin, Nancy; Bugier, Sarah; Linard, Cyril; Foissaud, Vincent; Vest, Philippe

2013-01-01

To prepare the French Accreditation Committee (COFRAC) visit for initial certification of our medical laboratory, our direction evaluated its quality management system (QMS) and all its technical activities. This evaluation was performed owing an internal audit. This audit was outsourced. Auditors had an expertise in audit, a whole knowledge of biological standards and were independent. Several nonconformities were identified at that time, including a lack of control of several steps of the internal audit process. Hence, necessary corrective actions were taken in order to meet the requirements of standards, in particular, the formalization of all stages, from the audit program, to the implementation, review and follow-up of the corrective actions taken, and also the implementation of the resources needed to carry out audits in a pre-established timing. To ensure an optimum control of each step, the main concepts of risk management were applied: process approach, root cause analysis, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). After a critical analysis of our practices, this methodology allowed us to define our "internal audit" process, then to formalize it and to follow it up, with a whole documentary system.

European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care

PubMed Central

Migliori, G.B.; Zellweger, J.P.; Abubakar, I.; Ibraim, E.; Caminero, J.A.; De Vries, G.; D'Ambrosio, L.; Centis, R.; Sotgiu, G.; Menegale, O.; Kliiman, K.; Aksamit, T.; Cirillo, D.M.; Danilovits, M.; Dara, M.; Dheda, K.; Dinh-Xuan, A.T.; Kluge, H.; Lange, C.; Leimane, V.; Loddenkemper, R.; Nicod, L.P.; Raviglione, M.C.; Spanevello, A.; Thomsen, V.Ø.; Villar, M.; Wanlin, M.; Wedzicha, J.A.; Zumla, A.; Blasi, F.; Huitric, E.; Sandgren, A.; Manissero, D.

2012-01-01

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) jointly developed European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ESTC) aimed at providing European Union (EU)-tailored standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). The International Standards for TB Care (ISTC) were developed in the global context and are not always adapted to the EU setting and practices. The majority of EU countries have the resources and capacity to implement higher standards to further secure quality TB diagnosis, treatment and prevention. On this basis, the ESTC were developed as standards specifically tailored to the EU setting. A panel of 30 international experts, led by a writing group and the ERS and ECDC, identified and developed the 21 ESTC in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, HIV and comorbid conditions, and public health and prevention. The ISTCs formed the basis for the 21 standards, upon which additional EU adaptations and supplements were developed. These patient-centred standards are targeted to clinicians and public health workers, providing an easy-to-use resource, guiding through all required activities to ensure optimal diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB. These will support EU health programmes to identify and develop optimal procedures for TB care, control and elimination. PMID:22467723

Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): international standards for validation.

PubMed

Benedict, Ralph H B; Amato, Maria Pia; Boringa, Jan; Brochet, Bruno; Foley, Fred; Fredrikson, Stan; Hamalainen, Paivi; Hartung, Hans; Krupp, Lauren; Penner, Iris; Reder, Anthony T; Langdon, Dawn

2012-07-16

An international expert consensus committee recently recommended a brief battery of tests for cognitive evaluation in multiple sclerosis. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery includes tests of mental processing speed and memory. Recognizing that resources for validation will vary internationally, the committee identified validation priorities, to facilitate international acceptance of BICAMS. Practical matters pertaining to implementation across different languages and countries were discussed. Five steps to achieve optimal psychometric validation were proposed. In Step 1, test stimuli should be standardized for the target culture or language under consideration. In Step 2, examiner instructions must be standardized and translated, including all information from manuals necessary for administration and interpretation. In Step 3, samples of at least 65 healthy persons should be studied for normalization, matched to patients on demographics such as age, gender and education. The objective of Step 4 is test-retest reliability, which can be investigated in a small sample of MS and/or healthy volunteers over 1-3 weeks. Finally, in Step 5, criterion validity should be established by comparing MS and healthy controls. At this time, preliminary studies are underway in a number of countries as we move forward with this international assessment tool for cognition in MS.

Waist Circumferences of Chilean Students: Comparison of the CDC-2012 Standard and Proposed Percentile Curves

PubMed Central

Gómez-Campos, Rossana; Lee Andruske, Cinthya; Hespanhol, Jefferson; Sulla Torres, Jose; Arruda, Miguel; Luarte-Rocha, Cristian; Cossio-Bolaños, Marco Antonio

2015-01-01

The measurement of waist circumference (WC) is considered to be an important means to control overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The objectives of the study were to (a) compare the WC measurements of Chilean students with the international CDC-2012 standard and other international standards, and (b) propose a specific measurement value for the WC of Chilean students based on age and sex. A total of 3892 students (6 to 18 years old) were assessed. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and WC were measured. WC was compared with the CDC-2012 international standard. Percentiles were constructed based on the LMS method. Chilean males had a greater WC during infancy. Subsequently, in late adolescence, males showed values lower than those of the international standards. Chilean females demonstrated values similar to the standards until the age of 12. Subsequently, females showed lower values. The 85th and 95th percentiles were adopted as cutoff points for evaluating overweight and obesity based on age and sex. The WC of Chilean students differs from the CDC-2012 curves. The regional norms proposed are a means to identify children and adolescents with a high risk of suffering from overweight and obesity disorders. PMID:26184250

What's New: Update on GASB and Accounting Standards.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marrone, Robert S.; Scharle, Robert E.

1996-01-01

Updates the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) statements, which pronounce upon and provide guidance in accounting and financial reporting for state and local governmental entities. Describes the development of GASB's governmental finance-reporting model project and identifies five components of internal control. One figure and two…

[THE VERIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE MODELS OF GLUCOMETERS].

PubMed

Timofeev, A V; Khaibulina, E T; Mamonov, R A; Gorst, K A

2016-01-01

The individual portable systems of control of glucose level in blood commonly known as glucometers permit to patients with diabetes mellitus to independently correct pharmaceutical therapy. The effectiveness of this correction depends on accuracy of control of glucose level. The evaluation was implemented concerning minimal admissible accuracy and clinical accuracy of control of glucose level of devices Contour TC, Satellite Express and One Touch Select according standards expounded in GOST 15197-2011 and international standard ISO 15197-2013. It is demonstrated that Contour TC and One Touch Select meet the requirements of these standards in part of accuracy while Satellite Express does not.

Quality DOTS management and empowering tuberculosis patients.

PubMed

Chugh, Satish

2009-03-01

Central Tuberculosis Division (CTD) has covered whole of India under DOTS. IMA is a proud partner of RNTCP which is managed by CTD. International Standards for Tuberculosis Care is expected from all healthcare providers. The basic principles of care is same worldwide. IMA GFATM RNTCP PPM is completing 2 years of its inception. Sensitisation programme and district training programmes has yielded DOTS/DMC centres in the target states. IMA is having 100% commitment for containing tuberculosis in India. There are International Standards for quality management in tuberculosis control, some of the Standards are elaborated in this write-up. In the Indian context, DOTS needs some innovations that is discussed in this article.

Establishing the 1st Chinese National Standard for inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

PubMed

Gao, Fan; Mao, Qun-Ying; Wang, Yi-Ping; Chen, Pan; Liang, Zheng-Lun

2016-07-01

A reference standard calibrated in the International Units is needed for the quality control of hepatitis A vaccine. Thus, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control launched a project to establish a non-adsorbed inactivated hepatitis A vaccine reference as the working standard calibrated against the 1st International Standard (IS). Two national standard candidates (NSCs) were obtained from two manufacturers, and designated as NSC A (lyophilized form) and NSC B (liquid form). Six laboratories participated in the collaborative study and were asked to use their in-house validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods to detect hepatitis A vaccine antigen content. Although both exhibited good parallelism and linear relationship with IS, NSC B showed a better agreement among laboratories than NSC A. And based on suitability of the candidates, NSC B was selected. The accelerated degradation study showed that NSC B was stable at the storage temperature (≤-70 °C). Therefore NSC B was approved as the first Chinese national antigen standard for inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, with an assigned antigen content of 70 IU/ml. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

76 FR 53636 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Gary, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-29

... accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Gary/Chicago International Airport. The FAA is taking this action to enhance the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rule (IFR... controlled airspace at Gary/Chicago International Airport (76 FR 28686) Docket No. FAA-2011-0427. Interested...

[ISO 15189 accreditation in clinical microbiology laboratory: general concepts and the status in our laboratory].

PubMed

Akyar, Işin

2009-10-01

One important trend in the laboratory profession and quality management is the global convergence of laboratory operations. The goal of an accredited medical laboratory is to continue "offering useful laboratory service for diagnosis and treatment of the patients and also aid to the health of the nation". An accredited clinical laboratory is managed by a quality control system, it is competent technically and the laboratory service meets the needs of all its patients and physicians by taking the responsibility of all the medical tests and therapies. For this purpose, ISO 15189 international standard has been prepared by 2003. ISO 15189 standard is originated from the arrangement of ISO 17025 and ISO 9001:2000 standards. Many countries such as England, Germany, France, Canada and Australia have preferred ISO 15189 as their own laboratory accreditation programme, meeting all the requirements of their medical laboratories. The accreditation performance of a clinical microbiology laboratory is mainly based on five essential points; preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical, quality control programmes (internal, external, interlaboratory) and audits (internal, external). In this review article, general concepts on ISO 15189 accreditation standards for the clinical microbiology laboratories have been summarized and the status of a private laboratory (Acibadem LabMed, Istanbul) in Turkey has been discussed.

International Standards for Tuberculosis Care: revisiting the cornerstones of tuberculosis care and control.

PubMed

Fair, Elizabeth; Hopewell, Philip C; Pai, Madhukar

2007-02-01

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an enormous global health problem. There are 8-9 million new cases and 2 million deaths from TB annually. Despite the overwhelming burden of disease, the basic principles of care for persons with, or suspected of having, TB are the same worldwide: a diagnosis should be established promptly and accurately, standardized treatment regimens of proven efficacy should be used together with appropriate treatment support and supervision, the response to treatment should be monitored, and the essential public health responsibilities must be carried out. As an approach to improving the care of patients with TB, an evidence-based document, the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) was developed and has been endorsed by more than 30 international and national agencies. This special report introduces the ISTC and discusses the fact that accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are not only essential for good patient care, they are the key elements in the public health response to TB and are the cornerstone of TB control. With the recent emergence of extensively drug-resistant TB, there is an urgent need to ensure globally that standards of TB care are based on rigorous scientific findings, are clear and well understood, and are accessible to and applied by all types of healthcare providers in all corners of the world.

49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... software upgrades, data storage media replacement, etc.). The information recorded must be used when...., draw objects and back-up draw objects); and (ii) Random number generator software. (Additional information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software...

25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... software upgrades, data storage media replacement, etc.). The information recorded must be used when...., draw objects and back-up draw objects); and (ii) Random number generator software. (Additional information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software...

49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

Trichinella diagnostics and control: mandatory and best practices for ensuring food safety.

PubMed

Gajadhar, Alvin A; Pozio, Edoardo; Gamble, H Ray; Nöckler, Karsten; Maddox-Hyttel, Charlotte; Forbes, Lorry B; Vallée, Isabelle; Rossi, Patrizia; Marinculić, Albert; Boireau, Pascal

2009-02-23

Because of its role in human disease, there are increasing global requirements for reliable diagnostic and control methods for Trichinella in food animals to ensure meat safety and to facilitate trade. Consequently, there is a need for standardization of methods, programs, and best practices used in the control of Trichinella and trichinellosis. This review article describes the biology and epidemiology of Trichinella, and describes recommended test methods as well as modified and optimized procedures that are used in meat inspection programs. The use of ELISA for monitoring animals for infection in various porcine and equine pre- and post-slaughter programs, including farm or herd certification programs is also discussed. A brief review of the effectiveness of meat processing methods, such as freezing, cooking and preserving is provided. The importance of proper quality assurance and its application in all aspects of a Trichinella diagnostic system is emphasized. It includes the use of international quality standards, test validation and standardization, critical control points, laboratory accreditation, certification of analysts and proficiency testing. Also described, are the roles and locations of international and regional reference laboratories for trichinellosis where expert advice and support on research and diagnostics are available.

25 CFR 542.18 - How does a gaming operation apply for a variance from the standards of the part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does a gaming operation apply for a variance from the standards of the part? 542.18 Section 542.18 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.18 How does a gaming operation apply for a...

Nuclear materials control and accountability (NMC and A) auditors in the 90's

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barham, M.A.; Abbott, R.R.

1991-01-01

The increase in emphasis on the adequacy of the NMC and A internal control systems requires that management define what type of training and experience is needed by NMC and A Internal Audit Program. At Martin Marietta Energy Systems, inc. (the prime contractor for the Department of Energy at Oak Ridge, Tenn.), the Central NMC and A Manager has developed a comprehensive set of NMC and A Internal Audit policies that defines performance standards, methods of conducting audits, mechanisms for ensuring appropriate independence for NMC and A auditors, structure for standardized audit reports and working papers, and a section thatmore » addresses the development of training plans for individual NMC and A auditors. The training requirements reflect the unique combination of skills necessary to be an effective NMC and A Internal Auditor- a combination of the operational auditing skills of a Certified Internal Auditor, the accounting auditing capabilities of a Certified Public Accountant, and the specific technical knowledge base associated with nuclear materials. This paper presents a mechanism for identifying an individual training program for NMC and A auditors that considers the above requirements and the individual's long-range career goals.« less

[Incorporation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system (HACCP) in food legislation].

PubMed

Castellanos Rey, Liliana C; Villamil Jiménez, Luis C; Romero Prada, Jaime R

2004-01-01

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system (HACCP), recommended by different international organizations as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) and the International Convention for Vegetables Protection (ICPV) amongst others, contributes to ensuring the innocuity of food along the agro-alimentary chain and requires of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for its implementation, GMP's which are legislated in most countries. Since 1997, Colombia has set rules and legislation for application of HACCP system in agreement with international standards. This paper discusses the potential and difficulties of the legislation enforcement and suggests some policy implications towards food safety.

Competitor internal standards for quantitative detection of mycoplasma DNA.

PubMed

Sidhu, M K; Rashidbaigi, A; Testa, D; Liao, M J

1995-05-01

Homologous internal controls were used as competitor DNA in the polymerase chain reaction for the quantitative detection of mycoplasma DNA. PCR primer sets were designed on the basis of the most conserved nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of mycoplasma species. Amplification of this gene was examined in five different mycoplasma species: Mycoplasma orale, M. hyorhinus, M. synoviae, M. gallisepticum and M. pneumoniae. To evaluate the primers, a number of different cell lines were assayed for the detection of mycoplasma infections. All positive cell lines showed a distinct product on agarose gels while uninfected cells showed no DNA amplification. Neither bacterial nor eukaryotic DNA produced any cross-reaction with the primers used, thus confirming their specificity. Internal control DNA to be used for quantitation was constructed by modifying the sizes of the wild-type amplified products and cloning them in plasmid vectors. These controls used the same primer binding sites as the wild-type and the amplified products were differentiated by a size difference. The detection limits for all the mycoplasma species by competitive quantitative PCR were estimated to range from 4 to 60 genome copies per assay as determined by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. These internal standards also serve as positive controls in PCR-based detection of mycoplasma DNA, and therefore accidental contamination of test samples with wild-type positive controls can be eliminated. The quantitative PCR method developed will be useful in monitoring the progression and significance of mycoplasma in the disease process.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Detection and Quantification by a Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Calibrated to the World Health Organization Standard for HEV RNA

PubMed Central

Germer, Jeffrey J.; Ankoudinova, Irina; Belousov, Yevgeniy S.; Mahoney, Walt; Dong, Chen; Meng, Jihong; Mandrekar, Jayawant N.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a cause of chronic hepatitis among immunocompromised patients. Molecular assays have become important tools for the diagnosis and management of these chronically infected patients. A real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay utilizing Pleiades probe chemistry and an RNA internal control for the simultaneous detection and quantification of HEV RNA in human serum was developed based on an adaptation of a previously described and broadly reactive primer set targeting the overlapping open reading frame 2/3 (ORF2/3) nucleotide sequence of HEV. A chimeric bovine viral diarrhea virus construct containing an HEV RNA insert (SynTura HEV) was developed, value assigned with the first World Health Organization (WHO) international standard for HEV RNA (code 6329/10), and used to prepare working assay calibrators and controls, which supported an assay quantification range of 100 to 5,000,000 IU/ml. The analytical sensitivity (95% detection rate) of this assay was 25.2 IU/ml (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.2 to 44.1 IU/ml). The assay successfully amplified 16 different HEV sequences with significant nucleotide mismatching in primer/probe binding regions, while evaluation of a WHO international reference panel for HEV genotypes (code 8578/13) showed viral load results falling within the result ranges generated by WHO collaborative study participants for all panel members (genotypes 1 to 4). Broadly reactive RT-qPCR primers targeting HEV ORF2/3 were successfully adapted for use in an assay based on Pleiades probe chemistry. The availability of secondary standards calibrated to the WHO HEV international standard can improve the standardization and performance of assays for the detection and quantification of HEV RNA. PMID:28228493

The role of the World Trade Organization and the 'three sisters' (the World Organisation for Animal Health, the International Plant Protection Convention and the Codex Alimentarius Commission) in the control of invasive alien species and the preservation of biodiversity.

PubMed

Kahn, S; Pelgrim, W

2010-08-01

The missions of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) include the design of surveillance and control methods for infectious transboundary animal diseases (including zoonoses), the provision of guarantees concerning animal health and animal production food safety, and the setting of standards for, and promotion of, animal welfare. The OIE role in setting standards for the sanitary safety of international trade in animals and animal products is formally recognised in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). While the primary focus of the OIE is on animal diseases and zoonoses, the OIE has also been working within the WTO framework to examine possible contributions the organisation can make to achieving the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity, particularly to preventing the global spread of invasive alien species (IAS). However, at the present time, setting standards for invasive species (other than those connected to the cause and distribution of diseases listed by the OIE) is outside the OIE mandate. Any future expansion of the OIE mandate would need to be decided by its Members and resources (expertise and financial contributions) for an extended standard-setting work programme secured. The other international standard-setting organisations referenced by the SPS Agreement are the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The IPPC mandate and work programme address IAS and the protection of biodiversity. The CAC is not involved in this field.

Minutes. Accredited Standards Committee on Acoustics, S1. U.S. Tag for ISO/TC43 Acoustics and IEC/TC29 Electroacoustics, Held in Denver, Colorado on 7 October 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-07

Oroanizational matters and reports on working grouos . including regorts on letter ballots and international matters (continued) e) S1/WG5 - Band Filter Sets...Band Analog and Digital Filters "* ANSI S1.20-1988 Procedures for Calibration of Underwater Electroacoustics Transducers "* ANSI S;1.42-1986 Design ...New International Standards Available a IEC 118-2 - Amendment 1 - 1993 Hearing aids. Part 2: Hearina aids with automatic gain control circuits 9

An international nomenclature for forest work study

Treesearch

Rolf Bjorheden; Michael A. Thompson

2000-01-01

Knowledge gained in the study of forest work is used to improve operational efficiency through better planning and control of future work. Internationally recognized standard methods for recording, evaluating and reporting performance in forest work will greatly enhance the usefulness of this information to managers and planners. A subcommittee of IUFRO Working Party...

An international nomenclature for forest work study

Treesearch

Rolf Björheden; Michael A.  Thompson

2000-01-01

Knowledge gained in the study of forest work is used to improve operational efficiency through better planning and control of future work. Internationally recognized standard methods for recording, evaluating and reporting performance in forest work will greatly enhance the usefulness of this information to managers and planners. A subcommittee of IUFRO Working Party $...

Approaches to quality management and accreditation in a genetic testing laboratory

PubMed Central

Berwouts, Sarah; Morris, Michael A; Dequeker, Elisabeth

2010-01-01

Medical laboratories, and specifically genetic testing laboratories, provide vital medical services to different clients: clinicians requesting a test, patients from whom the sample was collected, public health and medical-legal instances, referral laboratories and authoritative bodies. All expect results that are accurate and obtained in an efficient and effective manner, within a suitable time frame and at acceptable cost. There are different ways of achieving the end results, but compliance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189, the international standard for the accreditation of medical laboratories, is becoming progressively accepted as the optimal approach to assuring quality in medical testing. We present recommendations and strategies designed to aid genetic testing laboratories with the implementation of a quality management system, including key aspects such as document control, external quality assessment, internal quality control, internal audit, management review, validation, as well as managing the human side of change. The focus is on pragmatic approaches to attain the levels of quality management and quality assurance required for accreditation according to ISO 15189, within the context of genetic testing. Attention is also given to implementing efficient and effective quality improvement. PMID:20720559

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 325 - Risk-Based Capital for State Nonmember Banks: Market Risk

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10Standardized Measurement Method for Specific Risk Section 11Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach Section... apply: Affiliate with respect to a company means any company that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the company. Backtesting means the comparison of a bank's internal estimates...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 325 - Risk-Based Capital for State Nonmember Banks: Market Risk

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10Standardized Measurement Method for Specific Risk Section 11Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach Section... apply: Affiliate with respect to a company means any company that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the company. Backtesting means the comparison of a bank's internal estimates...

Advanced approach to information security management system model for industrial control system.

PubMed

Park, Sanghyun; Lee, Kyungho

2014-01-01

Organizations make use of important information in day-to-day business. Protecting sensitive information is imperative and must be managed. Companies in many parts of the world protect sensitive information using the international standard known as the information security management system (ISMS). ISO 27000 series is the international standard ISMS used to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information. While an ISMS based on ISO 27000 series has no particular flaws for general information systems, it is unfit to manage sensitive information for industrial control systems (ICSs) because the first priority of industrial control is safety of the system. Therefore, a new information security management system based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability as well as safety is required for ICSs. This new ISMS must be mutually exclusive of an ICS. This paper provides a new paradigm of ISMS for ICSs, which will be shown to be more suitable than the existing ISMS.

Advanced Approach to Information Security Management System Model for Industrial Control System

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Organizations make use of important information in day-to-day business. Protecting sensitive information is imperative and must be managed. Companies in many parts of the world protect sensitive information using the international standard known as the information security management system (ISMS). ISO 27000 series is the international standard ISMS used to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information. While an ISMS based on ISO 27000 series has no particular flaws for general information systems, it is unfit to manage sensitive information for industrial control systems (ICSs) because the first priority of industrial control is safety of the system. Therefore, a new information security management system based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability as well as safety is required for ICSs. This new ISMS must be mutually exclusive of an ICS. This paper provides a new paradigm of ISMS for ICSs, which will be shown to be more suitable than the existing ISMS. PMID:25136659

Internal quality assurance in a clinical virology laboratory. II. Internal quality control.

PubMed Central

Gray, J J; Wreghitt, T G; McKee, T A; McIntyre, P; Roth, C E; Smith, D J; Sutehall, G; Higgins, G; Geraghty, R; Whetstone, R

1995-01-01

AIMS--In April 1991 additional quality control procedures were introduced into the virology section of the Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge. Internal quality control (IQC) samples were gradually included in the serological assays performed in the laboratory and supplemented kit controls and standard sera. METHODS--From April 1991 to December 1993, 2421 IQC procedures were carried out with reference sera. RESULTS--The IQC samples were evaluated according to the Westgard rules. Violations were recorded in 60 of 1808 (3.3%) controls and were highest in the IQC samples of complement fixation tests (25/312 (8%) of controls submitted for complement fixation tests). CONCLUSIONS--The inclusion of IQC samples in the serological assays performed in the laboratory has highlighted batch to batch variation in commercial assays. The setting of acceptable limits for the IQC samples has increased confidence in the validity of assay results. PMID:7730475

Developing a Standard Set of Patient-Centred Outcomes for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-an International, Cross-disciplinary Consensus.

PubMed

Kim, Andrew H; Roberts, Charlotte; Feagan, Brian G; Banerjee, Rupa; Bemelman, Willem; Bodger, Keith; Derieppe, Marc; Dignass, Axel; Driscoll, Richard; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Gaarentstroom-Lunt, Janette; Higgins, Peter D; Kotze, Paulo Gustavo; Meissner, Jillian; O'Connor, Marian; Ran, Zhi-Hua; Siegel, Corey A; Terry, Helen; van Deen, Welmoed K; van der Woude, C Janneke; Weaver, Alandra; Yang, Suk-Kyun; Sands, Bruce E; Vermeire, Séverine; Travis, Simon Pl

2018-03-28

Success in delivering value-based healthcare involves measuring outcomes that matter most to patients. Our aim was to develop a minimum Standard Set of patient-centred outcome measures for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], for use in different healthcare settings. An international working group [n = 25] representing patients, patient associations, gastroenterologists, surgeons, specialist nurses, IBD registries and patient-reported outcome measure [PROM] methodologists participated in a series of teleconferences incorporating a modified Delphi process. Systematic review of existing literature, registry data, patient focus groups and open review periods were used to reach consensus on a minimum set of standard outcome measures and risk adjustment variables. Similar methodology has been used in 21 other disease areas [www.ichom.org]. A minimum Standard Set of outcomes was developed for patients [aged ≥16] with IBD. Outcome domains included survival and disease control [survival, disease activity/remission, colorectal cancer, anaemia], disutility of care [treatment-related complications], healthcare utilization [IBD-related admissions, emergency room visits] and patient-reported outcomes [including quality of life, nutritional status and impact of fistulae] measured at baseline and at 6 or 12 month intervals. A single PROM [IBD-Control questionnaire] was recommended in the Standard Set and minimum risk adjustment data collected at baseline and annually were included: demographics, basic clinical information and treatment factors. A Standard Set of outcome measures for IBD has been developed based on evidence, patient input and specialist consensus. It provides an international template for meaningful, comparable and easy-to-interpret measures as a step towards achieving value-based healthcare in IBD.

Internal null controllability of a linear Schrödinger-KdV system on a bounded interval

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araruna, Fágner D.; Cerpa, Eduardo; Mercado, Alberto; Santos, Maurício C.

2016-01-01

The control of a linear dispersive system coupling a Schrödinger and a linear Korteweg-de Vries equation is studied in this paper. The system can be viewed as three coupled real-valued equations by taking real and imaginary parts in the Schrödinger equation. The internal null controllability is proven by using either one complex-valued control on the Schrödinger equation or two real-valued controls, one on each equation. Notice that the single Schrödinger equation is not known to be controllable with a real-valued control. The standard duality method is used to reduce the controllability property to an observability inequality, which is obtained by means of a Carleman estimates approach.

Is Your Biobank Up to Standards? A Review of the National Canadian Tissue Repository Network Required Operational Practice Standards and the Controlled Documents of a Certified Biobank.

PubMed

Hartman, Victoria; Castillo-Pelayo, Tania; Babinszky, Sindy; Dee, Simon; Leblanc, Jodi; Matzke, Lise; O'Donoghue, Sheila; Carpenter, Jane; Carter, Candace; Rush, Amanda; Byrne, Jennifer; Barnes, Rebecca; Mes-Messons, Anne-Marie; Watson, Peter

2018-02-01

Ongoing quality management is an essential part of biobank operations and the creation of high quality biospecimen resources. Adhering to the standards of a national biobanking network is a way to reduce variability between individual biobank processes, resulting in cross biobank compatibility and more consistent support for health researchers. The Canadian Tissue Repository Network (CTRNet) implemented a set of required operational practices (ROPs) in 2011 and these serve as the standards and basis for the CTRNet biobank certification program. A review of these 13 ROPs covering 314 directives was conducted after 5 years to identify areas for revision and update, leading to changes to 7/314 directives (2.3%). A review of all internal controlled documents (including policies, standard operating procedures and guides, and forms for actions and processes) used by the BC Cancer Agency's Tumor Tissue Repository (BCCA-TTR) to conform to these ROPs was then conducted. Changes were made to 20/106 (19%) of BCCA-TTR documents. We conclude that a substantial fraction of internal controlled documents require updates at regular intervals to accommodate changes in best practices. Reviewing documentation is an essential aspect of keeping up to date with best practices and ensuring the quality of biospecimens and data managed by biobanks.

77 FR 69924 - Request for Comments on a Renewal of a Previously Approved Information Collection: Production...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

...: Kenneth R. Katz, Fuel Economy Division, Office of International Policy, Fuel Economy and Consumer Programs... Parts 531 and 533 Passenger Car Average Fuel Economy Standards--Model Years 2016-2025; Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standards--Model Years 2016-2025; Production Plan Data. OMB Control Number: 2127-0655...

25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... adequately segregated and monitored to prevent error in general information technology procedures to go...

25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5) Non-information technology...

25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5) Non-information technology...

25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... prevent error in general information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5...

25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... adequately segregated and monitored to prevent error in general information technology procedures to go...

25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; (ii) Gaming operation name (or identification number) and station number; (iii) Race track, race number, horse identification or event identification, as applicable; (iv) Type of bet(s), each bet amount... wagering on race events while on duty, including during break periods. (g) Computer reports standards. (1...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 290 - DCAA's Organization and Mission

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... established audit quality control standards, policies, and procedures and other internal control requirements... Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. (c) Objective. Assist in achieving the... provides accounting and financial advisory service regarding contracts to all DoD components responsible...

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

Providing Japanese health care information for international visitors: digital animation intervention.

PubMed

Nishikawa, Mariko; Yamanaka, Masaaki; Kiriya, Junko; Jimba, Masamine

2018-05-21

Over 24 million international visitors came to Japan in 2016 and the number is expected to increase. Visitors could be at a risk of illness or injury that may result in hospitalization in Japan. We assessed the effects of a four-minute digital animation titled Mari Info Japan on the level of anxiety experienced by international visitors to Japan. We conducted a non-randomized, controlled study at Narita International Airport outside Tokyo in December 2014. On the first day, we recruited international visitors for the intervention group at predetermined departure gates and, the following day, we sampled visitors for the control group at the same gates. We repeated this procedure twice over 4 days. The intervention group watched the digital animation and the control group read a standard travel guidebook in English. After receiving either intervention, they completed a questionnaire on their level of anxiety. The outcome was assessed using the Mari Meter-X, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y), and a face scale, before and immediately after the intervention. We analyzed data with Wilcoxon rank sum tests. We recruited 265 international visitors (134 in the intervention group, 131 in the control group), 241 (91%) of whom completed the questionnaire. Most of them had no previous Japanese health information before arrival in Japan. The level of anxiety about health services in Japan was significantly reduced in the intervention group (Mari Meter-X median: - 5 and 0, p < 0.001 and STAI-Y median: - 3 and 0, p < 0.001). The face scale analysis showed no significant difference. Watching a digital animation is more effective in reducing anxiety among international visitors to Japan compared with reading a standard brochure or guidebook. Such effective animations of health information should be more widely distributed to international visitors. UMIN-CTR (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center Clinical Trials Registry), UMIN000015023 , September 3, 2014.

76 FR 53817 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

... Accounting, Gambling, Indians--lands, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 25 CFR Part 543 Administrative practice and procedure, Gambling, Indians--lands, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. For...

Application to Noninvasive Measurement of Blood Components Based on Infrared Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamura, Kazuto; Ishizawa, Hiroaki; Fujita, Keiichi; Kaneko, Wataru; Morikawa, Tomotaka; Toba, Eiji; Kobayashi, Hideo

Recently, lifestyle diseases (diabetics, hyperlipemia etc.) have been steadily increasing, because change of diet, lack of exercise, increase an alcoholic intake, and increase a stress. It is a matter of vital importance to us. About tens of millions of people in Japan have approached the danger of lifestyle diseases. So they have to do a blood test to make sure that they have controlled physical condition themselves. Therefore, they have to measure blood components again and again. So, they are burden too heavy. This paper describes a new noninvasive measurement of blood components based on optical sensing. This uses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of attenuated total reflection. In order to study, the influence of individual difference, the internal standard method was introduced. This paper describes the detail of the internal standard method and its effect to the blood components calibration. Significant improvement was obtained by using the internal standard.

A Survey of Technical Standards for Command and Control Information Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

H-1 Appendix I Status of Work on Lower-Layer OSI STANAGS ................ I-1 Appendix J Status of NATO OSI STANAGS ...standards efforts for use of open systems in international military systems. Thus, TSGCE SG9 draft standardization agreements ( STANAGs ), NATO...Work in NATO OSI STANAGs for the Use of Open- --- I ISystems9 References I Acronyms Index JTC: Joint Technical Committee SC: Subcommittee Figure 1

Valid internal standard technique for arson detection based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Salgueiro, Pedro A S; Borges, Carlos M F; Bettencourt da Silva, Ricardo J N

2012-09-28

The most popular procedures for the detection of residues of accelerants in fire debris are the ones published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E1412-07 and E1618-10). The most critical stages of these tests are the conservation of fire debris from the sampling to the laboratory, the extraction of residues of accelerants from the debris to the activated charcoal strips (ACS) and from those to the final solvent, as well as the analysis of sample extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the interpretation of the instrumental signal. This work proposes a strategy for checking the quality of the sample conservation, the accelerant residues transference to final solvent and GC-MS analysis, using internal standard additions. It is used internal standards ranging from a highly volatile compound for checking debris conservation to low volatile compound for checking GC-MS repeatability. The developed quality control (QC) parameters are not affected by GC-MS sensitivity variation and, specifically, the GC-MS performance control is not affected by ACS adsorption saturation that may mask test performance deviations. The proposed QC procedure proved to be adequate to check GC-MS repeatability, ACS extraction and sample conservation since: (1) standard additions are affected by negligible uncertainty and (2) observed dispersion of QC parameters are fit for its intended use. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Challenges to developing countries after joining WTO: risk assessment of chemicals in food.

PubMed

Chen, Junshi

2004-05-20

FAO/WHO encourages member countries to develop national food control measures based on risk assessment in order to assure proper protection level to consumers and facilitate fair trade. This is particularly important for developing countries as WTO members because it is clearly stated in the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement that: (a) SPS measures should be based on risk assessment techniques developed by relevant international organizations; and (b) Codex standards which is based on risk assessment are regarded as the international norm in trade dispute settlement. When conducting risk assessment on food chemicals (including additives and contaminants) in developing countries, in most cases it is not necessary to conduct their own hazard characterization because the ADIs or PTWIs of food chemicals developed by international expert groups (e.g. JECFA) are universally applicable and also developing countries do not have the resources to repeat those expensive toxicological studies. On the other hand, it is necessary to conduct exposure assessment in developing countries because exposure to food chemicals varies from country to country. This is not only crucial in setting national standards, but also very important for developing countries to participate in the process of developing Codex standards. In addition to food standard development, risk assessment is also useful in setting up priorities in imported food inspection and evaluating the success of various food safety control measures.

Digital combined instrument transformer for automated electric power supply control systems of mining companies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Topolsky, D. V.; Gonenko, T. V.; Khatsevskiy, V. F.

2017-10-01

The present paper discusses ways to solve the problem of enhancing operating efficiency of automated electric power supply control systems of mining companies. According to the authors, one of the ways to solve this problem is intellectualization of the electric power supply control system equipment. To enhance efficiency of electric power supply control and electricity metering, it is proposed to use specially designed digital combined instrument current and voltage transformers. This equipment conforms to IEC 61850 international standard and is adapted for integration into the digital substation structure. Tests were performed to check conformity of an experimental prototype of the digital combined instrument current and voltage transformer with IEC 61850 standard. The test results have shown that the considered equipment meets the requirements of the standard.

12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

Cancer control programs in East Asia: evidence from the international literature.

PubMed

Moore, Malcolm A

2014-07-01

Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, including the countries of North-East and South-East Asia. Assessment of burden through cancer registration, determination of risk and protective factors, early detection and screening, clinical practice, interventions for example in vaccination, tobacco cessation efforts and palliative care all should be included in comprehensive cancer control programs. The degree to which this is possible naturally depends on the resources available at local, national and international levels. The present review concerns elements of cancer control programs established in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan in North-East Asia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia as representative larger countries of South-East Asia for comparison, using the published literature as a guide. While major advances have been made, there are still areas which need more attention, especially in South-East Asia, and international cooperation is essential if standard guidelines are to be generated to allow effective cancer control efforts throughout the Far East. Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, including the countries of North-East and South-East Asia. Assessment of burden through cancer registration, determination of risk and protective factors, early detection and screening, clinical practice, interventions for example in vaccination, tobacco cessation efforts and palliative care all should be included in comprehensive cancer control programs. The degree to which this is possible naturally depends on the resources available at local, national and international levels. The present review concerns elements of cancer control programs established in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan in North-East Asia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia as representative larger countries of South-East Asia for comparison, using the published literature as a guide. While major advances have been made, there are still areas which need more attention, especially in South-East Asia, and international cooperation is essential if standard guidelines are to be generated to allow effective cancer control efforts throughout the Far East.

Collaborative study to assess the suitability of a candidate International Standard for yellow fever vaccine.

PubMed

Ferguson, Morag; Heath, Alan

2004-12-01

Yellow fever vaccines are routinely assayed by plaque assay. However, the results of these assays are then converted into mouse LD(50) using correlations/conversion factors which, in many cases, were established many years ago. The minimum required potency in WHO Recommendations is 10(3) LD(50)/dose. Thirteen participants from 8 countries participated in a collaborative study whose aim was to assess the suitability of two candidate preparations to serve as an International Standard for yellow fever vaccine. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between the mouse LD(50) test and plaque forming units with a view to updating the WHO recommendations. Plaque assays were more reproducible than mouse assays, as expected. Differences in sensitivities of plaque assays were observed between laboratories but these differences appear to be consistent within a laboratory for all samples and the expression of potency relative to the candidate standard vaccine improved the reproducibility of assays between laboratories. However, the use of potencies had little effect on the between laboratory variability in mouse LD(50) assays. There appears to be a consistent relationship between overall mean LD(50) and plaques titre for all study preparations other than sample E. The slope of the correlation curve is >1 and it would appear that 10(3) LD(50) is approximately equivalent to 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU), based on the overall means of all laboratory results. The First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine, NIBSC Code 99/616, has been established as the First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine by the Expert Committee of Biological Standards of the World Health Organisation. The International Standard has been arbitrarily assigned a potency of 10(4.5) International Units (IU) per ampoule. Manufacturers and National Control Laboratories are including the First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine in routine assays so that the minimum potency in IU of vaccines released for use and which meet the current minimum potency of 10(3) LD(50) in mouse assays, can be determined. These data will be analysed before a review of the WHO requirements, including the minimum potency per dose, is undertaken.

10 CFR 835.208 - Limits for members of the public entering a controlled area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits for members of the public entering a controlled area. 835.208 Section 835.208 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.208 Limits for members of the public entering a controlled...

Biobanking of CSF: international standardization to optimize biomarker development.

PubMed

Teunissen, Charlotte E; Tumani, Hayrettin; Engelborghs, Sebastiaan; Mollenhauer, Brit

2014-03-01

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects pathophysiological aspects of neurological diseases, where neuroprotective strategies and biomarkers are urgently needed. Therefore, biobanking is very relevant for biomarker discovery and evaluation of neurological diseases. Important and unique features of CSF biobanking are intensive collaboration in international networks and the tight application of standardized protocols. The current adoption of standardized protocols for CSF and blood collection as presented in this review enables biomarker studies in large cohorts of patients and controls. Another topic of this review is the selection of control groups, which influences the outcome of biomarker investigations. Control groups in CSF biobanks mainly consist of different disease controls. This is in part due to the fact that lumbar punctures are mostly performed for clinical indications and rarely for research purposes only, as it is a relatively invasive procedure. Moreover, there is a lack of homogenous criteria and definition of control groups. We therefore propose uniform consensus definitions for such control groups in biomarker research, i.e. Healthy controls (HC), Spinal anesthesia subjects (SAS), Symptomatic controls (SC), Inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (CINDC), Peripheral Inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (PINDC) and Non-inflammatory Neurological Disease Controls (NINDC). Another important aspect of CSF biobanking is quality control. Systematic studies to address effects of pre-analytical and storage variation on a broad range of CSF proteins are needed. In conclusion, biomarker research in neurodegenerative diseases has entered a new era due to the collaborative and multicenter efforts of many groups. The streamlining of biobanking procedures, including quality control, and the selection of optimal control groups for investigating biomarkers are important improvements to perform high quality biomarker studies. Copyright © 2014 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... by the Tribal gaming regulatory authority, will be acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The... procedures that ensure the correct calling of numbers selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be.... For speed bingo games not verified by camera equipment, each ball drawn shall be verified by a person...

25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The functions of seller and payout verifier shall be segregated... selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be shown to a camera immediately before it is called so that it is individually displayed to all customers. For speed bingo games not verified by camera...

25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... by the Tribal gaming regulatory authority, will be acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The... procedures that ensure the correct calling of numbers selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be.... For speed bingo games not verified by camera equipment, each ball drawn shall be verified by a person...

25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Game play standards. (1) The functions of seller and payout verifier shall be segregated. Employees who... selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be shown to a camera immediately before it is called so that it is individually displayed to all customers. For speed bingo games not verified by camera...

77 FR 35110 - Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Production Plan Reports

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... information to be collected will be used to assist NHTSA with the setting of future fuel economy standards for... CONTACT: Kenneth R. Katz, Fuel Economy Division, Office of International Policy, Fuel Economy and Consumer... Control Number: 2127-0655. Title: 49 CFR Parts 531 and 533 Passenger Car Average Fuel Economy Standards...

25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... deposit (cash, check, chips); however, (vi) Provided all of the information in paragraph (c)(2)(i) through... equivalents, chips, and tokens shall be accepted from customers for the purpose of a customer deposit. (7) The... Commission upon request. (e) Chip and token standards. The Tribal gaming regulatory authority, or the gaming...

25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... deposit (cash, check, chips); however, (vi) Provided all of the information in paragraph (c)(2)(i) through... equivalents, chips, and tokens shall be accepted from customers for the purpose of a customer deposit. (7) The... Commission upon request. (e) Chip and token standards. The Tribal gaming regulatory authority, or the gaming...

49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

78 FR 68447 - Exposure Draft-Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-14

... Federal Government reflect major developments in the accountability and financial management profession and emphasize specific considerations applicable to the government environment. The draft of the...

Implementing International Health Regulation (2005) in the Brazilian legal-administrative system.

PubMed

Lima, Yara Oyram Ramos; Costa, Ediná Alves

2015-06-01

The scope of this study was to analyze how the International Sanitary Regulation (ISR 2005)has been incorporated into the Brazilian legal-administrative system, in relation to sanitary control measures involving freight, means of transportation and travelers and possible alterations to health surveillance activities, competencies and procedures. This case study has been undertaken using a qualitative approach, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, using institutional data sources and interviews with key-informants involved in implementing ISR (2005). Alterations to the Brazilian legal-administrative system resulting from ISR (2005) were identified, in relation to standards, special competencies and procedures relating to sanitary controls for freight, modes of transportation and travelers. In its present form, the International Sanitary Regulation is an instrument that, in addition to introducing new international and national sanitary control concepts and elements, also helps to clarify questions that are helpful on a national level, relating to the specific competencies and procedures which will, to a certain extent, put pressure on administrative structures in the areas of sanitary control and surveillance.

A simple approach to the generation of heterologous competitive internal controls for real-time PCR assays on the LightCycler.

PubMed

Stöcher, Markus; Leb, Victoria; Hölzl, Gabriele; Berg, Jörg

2002-12-01

The real-time PCR technology allows convenient detection and quantification of virus derived DNA. This approach is used in many PCR based assays in clinical laboratories. Detection and quantification of virus derived DNA is usually performed against external controls or external standards. Thus, adequacy within a clinical sample is not monitored for. This can be achieved using internal controls that are co-amplified with the specific target within the same reaction vessel. We describe a convenient way to prepare heterologous internal controls as competitors for real-time PCR based assays. The internal controls were devised as competitors in real-time PCR, e.g. LightCycler-PCR. The bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) was used as source for heterologous DNA. Within the neo gene a box was chosen containing sequences for four differently spaced forward primers, one reverse primer, and a pair of neo specific hybridization probes. Pairs of primers were constructed to compose of virus-specific primer sequences and neo box specific primer sequences. Using those composite primers in conventional preparative PCR four types of internal controls were amplified from the neo box and subsequently cloned. A panel of the four differently sized internal controls was generated and tested by LightCycler PCR using their virus-specific primers. All four different PCR products were detected with the single pair of neo specific FRET-hybridization probes. The presented approach to generate competitive internal controls for use in LightCycler PCR assays proved convenient und rapid. The obtained internal controls match most PCR product sizes used in clinical routine molecular assays and will assist to discriminate true from false negative results.

Open-Source Data Collection Techniques for Weapons Transfer Information

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

IR Infrared ISO International Organization for Standardization ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations NER Named Entity Recognition NLP ...Control Protocol UAE United Arab Emirates URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UTF...KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF North Korea KOREA, REPUBLIC OF South Korea LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Libya RUSSIAN FEDERATION Russia Table 3

Critical Need for Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Standards with Lower Uncertainties

DOE PAGES

Mathew, Kattathu Joseph; Stanley, Floyd E.; Thomas, Mariam R.; ...

2016-09-23

Certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to national and international safeguards database are a critical prerequisite for ensuring that nuclear measurement systems are free of systematic biases. CRMs are used to validate measurement processes associated with nuclear analytical laboratories. Diverse areas related to nuclear safeguards are impacted by the quality of the CRM standards available to analytical laboratories. These include: nuclear forensics, radio-chronometry, national and international safeguards, stockpile stewardship, nuclear weapons infrastructure and nonproliferation, fuel fabrication, waste processing, radiation protection, and environmental monitoring. For the past three decades the nuclear community is confronted with the strange situation that improvements in measurementmore » data quality resulting from the improved accuracy and precision achievable with modern multi-collector mass spectrometers could not be fully exploited due to large uncertainties associated with CRMs available from New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) that are used for instrument calibration and measurement control. Similar conditions prevail for both plutonium and uranium isotopic standards and for impurity element standards in uranium matrices. Herein, the current status of U and Pu isotopic standards available from NBL is reviewed. Critical areas requiring improvement in the quality of the nuclear standards to enable the U. S. and international safeguards community to utilize the full potential of modern multi-collector mass spectrometer instruments are highlighted.« less

Critical Need for Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Standards with Lower Uncertainties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mathew, Kattathu Joseph; Stanley, Floyd E.; Thomas, Mariam R.

Certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to national and international safeguards database are a critical prerequisite for ensuring that nuclear measurement systems are free of systematic biases. CRMs are used to validate measurement processes associated with nuclear analytical laboratories. Diverse areas related to nuclear safeguards are impacted by the quality of the CRM standards available to analytical laboratories. These include: nuclear forensics, radio-chronometry, national and international safeguards, stockpile stewardship, nuclear weapons infrastructure and nonproliferation, fuel fabrication, waste processing, radiation protection, and environmental monitoring. For the past three decades the nuclear community is confronted with the strange situation that improvements in measurementmore » data quality resulting from the improved accuracy and precision achievable with modern multi-collector mass spectrometers could not be fully exploited due to large uncertainties associated with CRMs available from New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) that are used for instrument calibration and measurement control. Similar conditions prevail for both plutonium and uranium isotopic standards and for impurity element standards in uranium matrices. Herein, the current status of U and Pu isotopic standards available from NBL is reviewed. Critical areas requiring improvement in the quality of the nuclear standards to enable the U. S. and international safeguards community to utilize the full potential of modern multi-collector mass spectrometer instruments are highlighted.« less

Weighing in on international growth standards: testing the case in Australian preschool children.

PubMed

Pattinson, C L; Staton, S L; Smith, S S; Trost, S G; Sawyer, E F; Thorpe, K J

2017-10-01

Overweight and obesity in preschool-aged children are major health concerns. Accurate and reliable estimates of prevalence are necessary to direct public health and clinical interventions. There are currently three international growth standards used to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity, each using different methodologies: Center for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Adoption and use of each method were examined through a systematic review of Australian population studies (2006-2017). For this period, systematically identified population studies (N = 20) reported prevalence of overweight and obesity ranging between 15 and 38% with most (n = 16) applying the IOTF standards. To demonstrate the differences in prevalence estimates yielded by the IOTF in comparison to the WHO and CDC standards, methods were applied to a sample of N = 1,926 Australian children, aged 3-5 years. As expected, the three standards yielded significantly different estimates when applied to this single population. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was WHO - 9.3%, IOTF - 21.7% and CDC - 33.1%. Judicious selection of growth standards, taking account of their underpinning methodologies and provisions of access to study data sets to allow prevalence comparisons, is recommended. © 2017 World Obesity Federation.

International interface design for Space Station Freedom - Challenges and solutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mayo, Richard E.; Bolton, Gordon R.; Laurini, Daniele

1988-01-01

The definition of interfaces for the International Space Station is discussed, with a focus on negotiations between NASA and ESA. The program organization and division of responsibilities for the Space Station are outlined; the basic features of physical and functional interfaces are described; and particular attention is given to the interface management and documentation procedures, architectural control elements, interface implementation and verification, and examples of Columbus interface solutions (including mechanical, ECLSS, thermal-control, electrical, data-management, standardized user, and software interfaces). Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and tables listing interface types are provided.

Independent Auditors Report on the Examination of DoD Execution of Afghanistan National Army Trust Fund Donations to the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-31

conducted this attestation engagement in accordance with examination engagement standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public...Accountants and with generally accepted government auditing standards. We appreciate the courtesies extended to the staff. Please direct questions to me at...2015-154 Contents Audit Opinion __________________________________________________________________________1 Internal Controls

A randomized trial of a three-hour protected nap period in a medicine training program: sleep, alertness, and patient outcomes.

PubMed

Shea, Judy A; Dinges, David F; Small, Dylan S; Basner, Mathias; Zhu, Jingsan; Norton, Laurie; Ecker, Adrian J; Novak, Cristina; Bellini, Lisa M; Dine, C Jessica; Mollicone, Daniel J; Volpp, Kevin G

2014-03-01

Protected sleep periods for internal medicine interns have previously resulted in increased amount slept and improved cognitive alertness but required supplemental personnel. The authors evaluated intern and patient outcomes associated with protected nocturnal nap periods of three hours that are personnel neutral. Randomized trial at Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center (PVAMC) Medical Service and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) Oncology Unit. During 2010-2011, four-week blocks were randomly assigned to a standard intern schedule (extended duty overnight shifts of up to 30 hours), or sequential protected sleep periods (phone sign-out midnight to 3:00 AM [early shift] intern 1; 3:00 to 6:00 AM [late shift] intern 2). Participants wore wrist Actiwatches, completed sleep diaries, and performed daily assessments of behavioral alertness. Between-group comparisons of means and proportions controlled for within-person correlations. HUP interns had significantly longer sleep durations during both early (2.40 hours) and late (2.44 hours) protected periods compared with controls (1.55 hours, P < .0001). At PVAMC sleep duration was longer only for the late shift group (2.40 versus 1.90 hours, P < .036). Interns assigned to either protected period were significantly less likely to have call nights with no sleep and had fewer attentional lapses on the Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Differences in patient outcomes between standard schedule months versus intervention months were not observed. Protected sleep periods of three hours resulted in more sleep during call and reductions in periods of prolonged wakefulness, providing a plausible alternative to 16-hour shifts.

Validation of a method for the determination of zolpidem in human plasma using LC with fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Ring, P R; Bostick, J M

2000-04-01

A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of zolpidem in human plasma. Zolpidem and the internal standard (trazodone) were extracted from human plasma that had been made basic. The basic sample was loaded onto a conditioned Bond Elut C18 cartridge, rinsed with water and eluted with methanol. Forty microliters were then injected onto the LC system. Separation was achieved on a C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:50 mM potassium phosphate monobasic at pH 6.0 (4:6, v/v). Detection was by fluorescence, with excitation at 254 nm and emission at 400 nm. The retention times of zolpidem and internal standard were approximately 4.7 and 5.3 min, respectively. The LC run time was 8 min. The assay was linear in concentration range 1-400 ng/ml for zolpidem in human plasma. The analysis of quality control samples for zolpidem (3, 30, and 300 ng/ml) demonstrated excellent precision with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.7, 4.6, and 3.0%, respectively (n = 18). The method was accurate with all intraday (n = 6) and overall (n = 18) mean concentrations within 5.8% from nominal at all quality control sample concentrations. This method was also performed using a Gilson Aspec XL automated sample processor and autoinjector. The samples were manually fortified with internal standard and made basic. The aspec then performed the solid phase extraction and made injections of the samples onto the LC system. Using the automated procedure for analysis, quality control samples for zolpidem (3, 30, and 300 ng/ml) demonstrated acceptable precision with RSD values of 9.0, 4.9, and 5.1%, respectively (n = 12). The method was accurate with all intracurve (n = 4) and overall (n = 12) mean values being less than 10.8% from nominal at all quality control sample concentrations.

78 FR 40740 - Advisory Council on the Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

... Control in the Federal Government, known as the ``Green Book,'' under the authority provided in the... teleconference with the Green Book Advisory Council (GBAC). The Comptroller General has established the GBAC to provide input and recommendations to the Comptroller General on revisions to the ``Green Book.'' The...

[Quality control at the Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia patologica at the Università di Bologna].

PubMed

Alampi, G; Baroni, R; Berti, E; Ceccarelli, C; Dina, R; Eusebi, V; Giangaspero, F; Grigioni, F W; Lecce, S; Losi, L

1994-04-01

The growing importance in medical practice of a standardized diagnosis in cyto- and histopathology and the recent recommendations for the adoption of standardized schemes for quality control in anatomic pathology by International Committees stimulated the medical staff of the Institute of Anatomic Pathology of the University of Bologna to adopt a pertinent method. The method used by the Department of Pathology of the Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut, USA) was chosen. A Committee for the quality control was appointed and two kinds of controls were set up: an External Quality Assessment (review of the difficult cases by external experts, slide seminars) and an Internal Quality Assessment performed by the members of the Committee on the diagnostic and laboratory routine of the Institute. Such a survey is periodically monitored during the monthly meetings of the Committee and described in the monthly reports. The present paper illustrates the method adopted and the preliminary results obtained in order to stimulate the discussion of such a critical theme in contemporary Anatomic Pathology at a national level.

Introduction to ISO 15189: a blueprint for quality systems in veterinary laboratories.

PubMed

Freeman, Kathleen P; Bauer, Natali; Jensen, Asger L; Thoresen, Stein

2006-06-01

A trend in human and veterinary medical laboratory management is to achieve accreditation based on international standards. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 standard is the first developed especially for accreditation of medical laboratories, and emphasizes the laboratory-client interface. European veterinary laboratories seeking to train candidates for the certification examination of the European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ECVCP) require approval by the ECVCP Laboratory Standards Committee, which bases its evaluation in part on adherence to quality systems described in the ISO 15189 standards. The purpose of this article was to introduce the latest ISO quality standard and describe its application to veterinary laboratories in Europe, specifically as pertains to accreditation of laboratories involved in training veterinary clinical pathologists. Between 2003 and 2006, the Laboratory Standards Committee reviewed 12 applications from laboratories (3 commercial and 9 university) involved in training veterinary clinical pathologists. Applicants were asked to provide a description of the facilities for training and testing, current methodology and technology, health and safety policy, quality assurance policy (including internal quality control and participation in an external quality assurance program), written standard operating procedures (SOPs) and policies, a description of the laboratory information system, and personnel and training. Also during this time period multiple informal and formal discussions among ECVCP diplomates took place as to current practices and perceived areas of concern with regard to laboratory accreditation requirements. Areas in which improvement most often was needed in veterinary laboratories applying for ECVCP accreditation were the written quality plan, defined quality requirements for the tests performed, written SOPs and policies, training records, ongoing audits and competency assessments, and processes for identifying and addressing opportunities for improvement. Recommendations were developed for a stepwise approach towards achieving ISO 15189 standards, including 3 levels of quality components. The ISO 15189 standard provides a sound framework for veterinary laboratories aspiring to meet international quality standards.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Detection and Quantification by a Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Calibrated to the World Health Organization Standard for HEV RNA.

PubMed

Germer, Jeffrey J; Ankoudinova, Irina; Belousov, Yevgeniy S; Mahoney, Walt; Dong, Chen; Meng, Jihong; Mandrekar, Jayawant N; Yao, Joseph D

2017-05-01

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a cause of chronic hepatitis among immunocompromised patients. Molecular assays have become important tools for the diagnosis and management of these chronically infected patients. A real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay utilizing Pleiades probe chemistry and an RNA internal control for the simultaneous detection and quantification of HEV RNA in human serum was developed based on an adaptation of a previously described and broadly reactive primer set targeting the overlapping open reading frame 2/3 (ORF2/3) nucleotide sequence of HEV. A chimeric bovine viral diarrhea virus construct containing an HEV RNA insert (SynTura HEV) was developed, value assigned with the first World Health Organization (WHO) international standard for HEV RNA (code 6329/10), and used to prepare working assay calibrators and controls, which supported an assay quantification range of 100 to 5,000,000 IU/ml. The analytical sensitivity (95% detection rate) of this assay was 25.2 IU/ml (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.2 to 44.1 IU/ml). The assay successfully amplified 16 different HEV sequences with significant nucleotide mismatching in primer/probe binding regions, while evaluation of a WHO international reference panel for HEV genotypes (code 8578/13) showed viral load results falling within the result ranges generated by WHO collaborative study participants for all panel members (genotypes 1 to 4). Broadly reactive RT-qPCR primers targeting HEV ORF2/3 were successfully adapted for use in an assay based on Pleiades probe chemistry. The availability of secondary standards calibrated to the WHO HEV international standard can improve the standardization and performance of assays for the detection and quantification of HEV RNA. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

29 CFR 95.22 - Payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Financial and Program... recipient, and (2) Financial management systems that meet the standards for fund control and accountability...

29 CFR 95.22 - Payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Financial and Program... recipient, and (2) Financial management systems that meet the standards for fund control and accountability...

21 CFR 886.3920 - Aqueous shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3400 - Keratoprosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3920 - Aqueous shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3400 - Keratoprosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3920 - Aqueous shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3400 - Keratoprosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

25 CFR 543.24 - What are the minimum internal control standards for auditing revenue?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... parameters are accurate and have not been altered without appropriate management authorization Document and... write-offs and settlements) accounts on the accounts receivable listing to individual credit records and...

25 CFR 543.24 - What are the minimum internal control standards for auditing revenue?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... parameters are accurate and have not been altered without appropriate management authorization Document and... (includes write-offs and settlements) accounts on the accounts receivable listing to individual credit...

21 CFR 886.3920 - Aqueous shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3920 - Aqueous shunt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3400 - Keratoprosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

21 CFR 886.3400 - Keratoprosthesis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are FDA's: (1) “Use of International Standard ISO 10993 ‘Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices—Part I: Evaluation and Testing,’ ” (2) “510(k) Sterility...

Vehicle active steering control research based on two-DOF robust internal model control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Jian; Liu, Yahui; Wang, Fengbo; Bao, Chunjiang; Sun, Qun; Zhao, Youqun

2016-07-01

Because of vehicle's external disturbances and model uncertainties, robust control algorithms have obtained popularity in vehicle stability control. The robust control usually gives up performance in order to guarantee the robustness of the control algorithm, therefore an improved robust internal model control(IMC) algorithm blending model tracking and internal model control is put forward for active steering system in order to reach high performance of yaw rate tracking with certain robustness. The proposed algorithm inherits the good model tracking ability of the IMC control and guarantees robustness to model uncertainties. In order to separate the design process of model tracking from the robustness design process, the improved 2 degree of freedom(DOF) robust internal model controller structure is given from the standard Youla parameterization. Simulations of double lane change maneuver and those of crosswind disturbances are conducted for evaluating the robust control algorithm, on the basis of a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with a magic tyre model. Results show that the established 2-DOF robust IMC method has better model tracking ability and a guaranteed level of robustness and robust performance, which can enhance the vehicle stability and handling, regardless of variations of the vehicle model parameters and the external crosswind interferences. Contradiction between performance and robustness of active steering control algorithm is solved and higher control performance with certain robustness to model uncertainties is obtained.

DOD Financial Management: Greater Visibility Needed to Better Assess Audit Readiness for Property, Plant, and Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and compliance with... Accountability Office Highlights of GAO-16-383, a report to congressional committees May 2016 DOD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Greater Visibility... Accounting Standards Advisory Board FIAR Financial Improvement and Audit Readiness IUS internal-use software NDAA National Defense Authorization Act

[The establishment and application of internal quality control system for real-time quantitative PCR detection of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels].

PubMed

Zhong, C Q; He, N; Hua, M Q; Wei, X D; Ma, D X; Ji, C Y

2016-09-14

Objective: To set internal quality control system of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels for real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Methods: Using K562 cells and HL-60 cells, we prepared high- and low-level BCR-ABL internal quality control substance. The BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels of internal quality control substance have been determined for 184 times together with clinical samples from August 2013 to October 2015. The slope rate, intercept and correlation coefficient of standard curve were calculated according to different reagent lots (lots number 20130303, 20131212, 20140411 and 20150327 are called R1、R2、R3 and R4 for short respectively), and the detection results of quality control substance were calculated according to different reagent lots and quality control substance lots (lots number 20130725, 20140611 are called Q1、Q2 for short respectively). Then the results were analyzed by Levey-Jennings quality control chart combined with Westgard multi-rules theory. Results: ①We analyzed the slope rate and intercept of standard curve. Fifty-three times of the R1 reagent detection, 80 times of the R3 reagent detection and 14 times of the R4 reagent detection were all under control. For 37 times detection of R2 reagent, the slope rate was out of control for 6 times. It was lower than x - s for the 2-8 tests and upper the average for the 12-37 tests. The intercept was out of control for 9 times, upper the x + s for the 1-8 tests and lower the average for the 12-37 tests. ② According to the detection results of quality control substance, for Q1 quality control substance, 49 tests by R1 reagent were under control, and 1 out of 23 tests by R2 reagent was out of control. For Q2 quality control substance, 14 tests by R2 reagent detection, 72 tests by R3 reagent detection and 14 tests by R4 reagent were all under control. Conclusion: The preparation of high- and low-level quality control substance using K562 and HL-60 cells was convenient and the detection results were reliable and stable. The application of quality control substance combined with slope rate and intercept in the internal quality control may contribute to quality assurance for quantitative detection of BCR-ABL (P210) transcript levels.

[Diagnostic kits in parasitology: which controls?].

PubMed

Rossi, P

2004-06-01

The development of new diagnostic tools particularly for some parasitic "neglected diseases", is slowed or even hindered by limited resources assigned for basic and applied research in public institution and private sector. Even if the time-line and costs needed for developing a new In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) test are generally lower compared to vaccines or new drugs, industry is poorly engaged in investing resources due to the perception of limited markets. To accelerate the development of diagnostics for the world's most deadly diseases, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and the Gates Foundation, last year launched a new initiative, FIND (Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, www.finddiagnostics.org). The aim is to "apply the latest biotechnology innovations to develop and validate affordable diagnostic tests for diseases of the developing world". Ideally, a new diagnostic test should be accurately evaluated prior to use in medical practice. The first step would be a pre-clinical evaluation, an analytic study to determine its laboratory performance. A crucial point in this phase is the calibration of reagents (antigens, antibodies, DNA probes, etc.) against a standard reference preparation. WHO, through the WHO International Laboratories for Biological Standards, "provides International Biological Reference Preparations which serve as reference sources of defined biological activity expressed in an internationally agreed unit" (www.who.int/biologicals/IBRP/index.htm). Standardization allows "comparison of biological measurements worldwide" and ensures the reliability of diagnostic procedures. These preparations are generally intended for use in the characterization of the activity of secondary reference preparations (regional, national or in-house working standards). Unfortunately, international reference standards for parasitic diseases are not available at present, except for Toxoplasma antibodies. The first international standard reagent for Anti-Toxoplasma Serum was established in 1968 and at present, an international standard reference serum, Anti-toxoplasma serum, human TOXM is available at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) in UK. Several collaborative, multicenter studies were carried out to assess the performance of different methods and commercial tests for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, by providing to participating laboratories a panel of well-defined sera to be tested. A four-phase process following well-accepted methodological standards for the development of diagnostics, analogous to those internationally accepted for drugs and vaccines was recently proposed. The pre-clinical evaluation, the analytic study to assess sensitivity, specificity, predictive values in laboratory (phase I), should be followed by a proof of principle study to distinguish diseased from healthy persons in easily accessible populations (phase II). The evaluation of test performance in populations of intended use (phase III), and finally the delineation of cost-effectiveness and societal impact of new tests in comparison with existing tools (phase IV) should complete the validation procedure. In this context, national regulatory agencies play a major role in pre-market approval and post-market surveillance of IVDs. The European Community in 1998 approved a directive (Directive 98/79/EC) which rules the marketing of IVD medical devices, in order to harmonise the performance levels and standards in European countries. But, among IVDs for parasitic diseases, only those to detect congenital toxoplasmosis are submitted to defined procedures to provide the verification of products before their placing on the market and the surveillance after their marketing by a notified body, which perform appropriate examinations, tests and inspections to production facilities to verify if the device meets the requirements of the directive. In U.S.A., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), through the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety (OIVD), provides a comprehensive and regulatory activity for IVDs through pre-market evaluation and post-market surveillance. In developing countries, the scarcity of resources limits the procedures through which the national control authority can assure safety, quality and efficacy of products marketed, both imported and locally manufactured.

Standardizing the information architecture for spacecraft operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Easton, C. R.

1994-01-01

This paper presents an information architecture developed for the Space Station Freedom as a model from which to derive an information architecture standard for advanced spacecraft. The information architecture provides a way of making information available across a program, and among programs, assuming that the information will be in a variety of local formats, structures and representations. It provides a format that can be expanded to define all of the physical and logical elements that make up a program, add definitions as required, and import definitions from prior programs to a new program. It allows a spacecraft and its control center to work in different representations and formats, with the potential for supporting existing spacecraft from new control centers. It supports a common view of data and control of all spacecraft, regardless of their own internal view of their data and control characteristics, and of their communications standards, protocols and formats. This information architecture is central to standardizing spacecraft operations, in that it provides a basis for information transfer and translation, such that diverse spacecraft can be monitored and controlled in a common way.

Standardized methods and quality control limits for agar and broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

PubMed

Waites, Ken B; Duffy, Lynn B; Bébéar, Cécile M; Matlow, Anne; Talkington, Deborah F; Kenny, George E; Totten, Patricia A; Bade, Donald J; Zheng, Xiaotian; Davidson, Maureen K; Shortridge, Virginia D; Watts, Jeffrey L; Brown, Steven D

2012-11-01

An international multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted to develop standard media and consensus methods for the performance and quality control of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum using broth microdilution and agar dilution techniques. A reference strain from the American Type Culture Collection was designated for each species, which was to be used for quality control purposes. Repeat testing of replicate samples of each reference strain by participating laboratories utilizing both methods and different lots of media enabled a 3- to 4-dilution MIC range to be established for drugs in several different classes, including tetracyclines, macrolides, ketolides, lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones. This represents the first multilaboratory collaboration to standardize susceptibility testing methods and to designate quality control parameters to ensure accurate and reliable assay results for mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas that infect humans.

Bridging the gap between financial reporting and the revenue cycle.

PubMed

Clark, Kari; Bang, Derek A

2012-09-01

Implementing a standardized financial reporting and revenue cycle monitoring platform can help healthcare organizations improve their net revenue reporting and budgeting processes. Consistent, standardized data help the finance office estimate accounts receivable reserves more accurately, streamline the month-end closing process, and strengthen internal controls. The benefits of standardizing the finance and revenue cycle functions are particularly significant in large organizations with multiple facilities, but even single-facility providers can benefit from improved communication between the business office and finance.

WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.

PubMed

2002-01-01

This report presents the recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee commissioned to coordinate activities leading to the adoption of international recommendations for the production and quality control of vaccines and other biologicals and the establishment of international biological reference materials. The report starts with a discussion of general issues brought to the attention of the Committee and provides information on issues relevant to international guidelines, recommendations and other matters related to the manufacture and quality control of biologicals. This is followed by information on the status and development of reference materials for bovine spongiform encephalopathy, various antigens, blood products, cytokines, growth factors and endocrinological substances. The second part of the report, of particular interest to manufacturers and national control authorities, contains sets of recommendations for the production and control of poliomyelitis vaccine (oral) and poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) and guidelines for the production and control of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Also included are lists of recommendations and guidelines for biological substances used in medicine, and other relevant documents.

Current situation of International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 249 international standards of traditional Chinese medicine.

PubMed

Liu, Yu-Qi; Wang, Yue-Xi; Shi, Nan-Nan; Han, Xue-Jie; Lu, Ai-Ping

2017-05-01

To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/ technical committee (TC) 249. ISO/TC 249 standards and standard projects on the ISO website were searched and new standard proposals information were collected from ISO/TC 249 National Mirror Committee in China. Then all the available data were summarized in 5 closely related items, including proposed time, proposed country, assigned working group (WG), current stage and classifification. In ISO/TC 249, there were 2 international standards, 18 standard projects and 24 new standard proposals proposed in 2014. These 44 standard subjects increased year by year since 2011. Twenty-nine of them were proposed by China, 15 were assigned to WG 4, 36 were in preliminary and preparatory stage and 8 were categorized into 4 fifields, 7 groups and sub-groups based on International Classifification Standards. A rapid and steady development of international standardization in TCM can be observed in ISO/TC 249.

Standards for contamination control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borson, Eugene N.

2004-10-01

Standards are an important component of national and international trade. We depend upon standards to assure that manufactured parts will work together, wherever they are made, and that we speak the same technical language, no matter what language we speak. Understanding is important in order to know when to take exceptions to or tailor the standard to fit the job. Standards that are used in contamination control have increased in numbers over the years as more industries have had to improve their manufacturing processes to enhance reliability or yields of products. Some older standards have been revised to include new technologies, and many new standards have been developed. Some of the new standards were written for specific industries while others apply to many industries. Many government standards have been replaced with standards from nongovernmental standards organizations. This trend has been encouraged by U.S. law that requires the government to use commercial standards where possible. This paper reviews some of the more important standards for the aerospace industry, such as IEST-STD-CC1246 and ISO 14644-1, that have been published in recent years. Benefits, usage, and problems with some standards will be discussed. Some standards are referenced, and websites of some standards organizations are listed.

What should a radiation regulator do about naturally occurring radioactive material?

PubMed

Loy, J

2015-06-01

The standard regulatory framework of authorisation, review and assessment, inspection and enforcement, and regulation making is directed principally towards ensuring the regulatory control of planned exposure situations. Some mining and industrial activities involving exposures to naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), such as uranium mining or the treatment and conditioning of NORM residues, may fit readily within this standard framework. In other cases, such as oil and gas exploration and production, the standard regulatory framework needs to be adjusted. For example, it is not sensible to require that an oil company seek a licence from the radiation regulator before drilling a well. The paper discusses other approaches that a regulator might take to assure protection and safety in such activities involving exposures to NORM, including the use of conditional exemptions from regulatory controls. It also suggests some areas where further guidance from the International Commission on Radiological Protection on application of the system of radiological protection to NORM would assist both regulators and operators. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Military Retirement Fund Audited Financial Report. Fiscal Year 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-06

FY 2012 included: 1) New economic assumptions due to the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) financial reporting Statement of...weaknesses were found in the design or operation of the internal control over financial reporting . Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 (Public Law No...accepted in the United States of America, OMB Circular A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements, and the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board

Multiple Time-of-Flight/Time-of-Flight Events in a Single Laser Shot for Improved Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification.

PubMed

Prentice, Boone M; Chumbley, Chad W; Hachey, Brian C; Norris, Jeremy L; Caprioli, Richard M

2016-10-04

Quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) approaches have historically suffered from poor accuracy and precision mainly due to the nonuniform distribution of matrix and analyte across the target surface, matrix interferences, and ionization suppression. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can be used to ensure chemical specificity as well as improve signal-to-noise ratios by eliminating interferences from chemical noise, alleviating some concerns about dynamic range. However, conventional MALDI TOF/TOF modalities typically only scan for a single MS/MS event per laser shot, and multiplex assays require sequential analyses. We describe here new methodology that allows for multiple TOF/TOF fragmentation events to be performed in a single laser shot. This technology allows the reference of analyte intensity to that of the internal standard in each laser shot, even when the analyte and internal standard are quite disparate in m/z, thereby improving quantification while maintaining chemical specificity and duty cycle. In the quantitative analysis of the drug enalapril in pooled human plasma with ramipril as an internal standard, a greater than 4-fold improvement in relative standard deviation (<10%) was observed as well as improved coefficients of determination (R 2 ) and accuracy (>85% quality controls). Using this approach we have also performed simultaneous quantitative analysis of three drugs (promethazine, enalapril, and verapamil) using deuterated analogues of these drugs as internal standards.

The Usefulness of Quality Assurance for University Management and Academic Staff: A Case Study of Finland and Iceland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haapakorpi, Arja; Geirsdóttir, Guðrún; Jóhannsdóttir, Gyða

2013-01-01

With quality assurance related to the Bologna goals, universities are required to fulfil internationally accepted standardized criteria of quality. This tends to reinforce control in assessment. However, control-oriented evaluations seem to lack meaning for academic staff. The article explored the possibilities and space for improvement-oriented…

ISO 9002 as Literacy Practice: Coping with Quality-Control Documents in a High-Tech Company

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kleifgen, Jo Anne

2005-01-01

This study describes the process by which a circuit board manufacturing company became certified in an international quality control program known as ISO 9002. Particular attention is paid to how quality documents were made and used in actual practice and to the relationship between these standardized procedures (official literacies) and…

Nonpharmacological Interventions Targeted at Delirium Risk Factors, Delivered by Trained Volunteers (Medical and Psychology Students), Reduced Need for Antipsychotic Medications and the Length of Hospital Stay in Aged Patients Admitted to an Acute Internal Medicine Ward: Pilot Study.

PubMed

Gorski, Stanislaw; Piotrowicz, Karolina; Rewiuk, Krzysztof; Halicka, Monika; Kalwak, Weronika; Rybak, Paulina; Grodzicki, Tomasz

2017-01-01

Purpose . Effectiveness of nonpharmacological multicomponent prevention delivered by trained volunteers (medical and psychology students), targeted at delirium risk factors in geriatric inpatients, was assessed at an internal medicine ward in Poland. Patients and Methods . Participants were recruited to intervention and control groups at the internal medicine ward (inclusion criteria: age ≥ 75, acute medical condition, basic orientation, and logical contact on admission; exclusion criteria: life expectancy < 24 hours, surgical hospitalization, isolation due to infectious disease, and discharge to other medical wards). Every day trained volunteers delivered a multicomponent standardized intervention targeted at risk factors of in-hospital complications to the intervention group. The control group, selected using a retrospective individual matching strategy (1 : 1 ratio, regarding age, gender, and time of hospitalization), received standard care. Outcome Measures. Hospitalization time, deaths, falls, delirium episodes, and antipsychotic prescriptions were assessed retrospectively from medical documentation. Results . 130 patients (38.4% males) participated in the study, with 65 in the intervention group. Antipsychotic medications were initiated less frequently in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was a trend towards a shorter hospitalization time and a not statistically significant decrease in deaths in the intervention group. Conclusion . Nonpharmacological multicomponent intervention targeted at delirium risk factors effectively reduced length of hospitalization and need for initiating antipsychotic treatment in elderly patients at the internal medicine ward.

Role of the international organisation for animal health (Office International des Epizooties: OIE) in the control of foot and mouth disease.

PubMed

Vallat, B

2002-10-01

The author describes activities conducted by the International Organisation for Animal Health (OIE: Office International des Epizooties) to control foot and mouth disease (FMD) world-wide. These activities fall within the framework of the principal missions of the OIE. The first of these missions is the collection and dissemination of epidemiological information and of scientific knowledge on animal diseases, the socio-economic or disease implications of which can be particularly serious. The implementation of the measures required to control the disease and to protect countries threatened by FMD depends on the quality and rapidity of the transmission of this information. The co-ordination of studies, research and control programmes against FMD is equally important for the OIE. This work is based, in particular, on work conducted by the OlE foot and mouth disease and other epizootics Commission. OIE Member Countries not only have access to the most recent data on the diagnosis, surveillance and control of FMD but also have recourse to the official recognition procedure for disease-free status provided by this Commission. Finally, through the standardisation of health recommendations, diagnostic tests, manufacture protocols and the control of biological products, made available by the OIE International Animal Health Code Commission in regard to the former and by the OIE Standards Commission in regard to the latter, the OIE provides the reference for international trade in animals and animal products, and is recognised in this role by the World Trade Organization.

Interventions to prevent and control food-borne diseases associated with a reduction in traveler's diarrhea in tourists to Jamaica.

PubMed

Ashley, David V M; Walters, Christine; Dockery-Brown, Cheryl; McNab, André; Ashley, Deanna E C

2004-01-01

In 1996 a study found that approximately one in four tourists to Jamaica were affected with traveler's diarrhea (TD) during their stay. That year the Ministry of Health initiated a program for the prevention and control of TD. The aim of this ongoing program was to reduce attack rates of TD from 25% to 12% over a 5-year period by improving the environmental health and food safety standards of hotels. Hotel-based surveillance procedures for TD were implemented in sentinel hotels in Negril and Montego Bay in 1996, Ocho Rios in 1997, and Kingston in 1999. A structured program provided training and technical assistance to nurses, food and beverage staff, and environmental sanitation personnel in the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles for monitoring food safety standards. The impact of interventions on TD was assessed in a survey of tourists departing from the international airport in Montego Bay in 1997-1998 and from the international airport in Kingston in 1999-2000. The impact of the training and technical assistance program on food safety standards and practices was assessed in hotels in Ocho Rios as of 1998 and in Kingston from 1999. At the end of May 2002, TD incidence rates were 72% lower than in 1996, when the Ministry of Health initiated its program for the prevention and control of TD. Both hotel surveillance data and airport surveillance data suggest that the vast majority of travelers to Kingston and southern regions are not afflicted with TD during their stay. The training and technical assistance program improved compliance to food safety standards over time. Interventions to prevent and control TD in visitors to Jamaica are positively associated with a reduction in TD in the visitor population and improvements in food safety standards and practices in hotels.

CERT Resilience Management Model, Version 1.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

practice such as ISO 27000 , COBIT, or ITIL. If you are a member of an established process improvement community, particularly one centered on CMMI...Systems Audit and Control Association ISO International Organization for Standardization ISSA Information Systems Security Association IT

WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations.

PubMed

2011-01-01

The Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations works towards clear, independent and practical standards and guidelines for the quality assurance of medicines. Standards are developed by the Committee through worldwide consultation and an international consensus-building process. The following new guidelines were adopted and recommended for use: procedure for adoption of International Chemical Reference Substances; WHO good practices for pharmaceutical microbiology laboratories; good manufacturing practices: main principles for pharmaceutical products; good manufacturing practices for blood establishments (jointly with the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization); guidelines on good manufacturing practices for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems for non-sterile pharmaceutical dosage forms; good manufacturing practices for sterile pharmaceutical products; guidelines on transfer of technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing; good pharmacy practice: standards for quality of pharmacy services (joint FIP/WHO); model guidance for the storage and transport of time- and temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products (jointly with the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization); procedure for prequalification of pharmaceutical products; guide on submission of documentation for prequalification of innovator finished pharmaceutical products approved by stringent regulatory authorities; prequalification of quality control laboratories: procedure for assessing the acceptability, in principle, of quality control laboratories for use by United Nations agencies; guidelines for preparing a laboratory information file; guidelines for drafting a site master file; guidelines on submission of documentation for a multisource (generic) finished product: general format: preparation of product dossiers in common technical document format.

Improved quality monitoring of multi-center acupuncture clinical trials in China

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background In 2007, the Chinese Science Division of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) convened a special conference to discuss quality control for TCM clinical research. Control and assurance standards were established to guarantee the quality of clinical research. This paper provides practical guidelines for implementing strict and reproducible quality control for acupuncture randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A standard quality control program (QCP) was established to monitor the quality of acupuncture trials. Case report forms were designed; qualified investigators, study personnel and data management personnel were trained. Monitors, who were directly appointed by the project leader, completed the quality control programs. They guaranteed data accuracy and prevented or detected protocol violations. Clinical centers and clinicians were audited, the randomization system of the centers was inspected, and the treatment processes were audited as well. In addition, the case report forms were reviewed for completeness and internal consistency, the eligibility and validity of the patients in the study was verified, and data was monitored for compliance and accuracy. Results and discussion The monitors complete their reports and submit it to quality assurance and the sponsors. Recommendations and suggestions are made for improving performance. By holding regular meetings to discuss improvements in monitoring standards, the monitors can improve quality and efficiency. Conclusions Supplementing and improving the existed guidelines for quality monitoring will ensure that large multi-centre acupuncture clinical trials will be considered as valid and scientifically stringent as pharmaceutical clinical trials. It will also develop academic excellence and further promote the international recognition of acupuncture. PMID:20035630

Assessment of the iodine concentration in table salt at the production stage in South Africa.

PubMed Central

Jooste, Pieter L.

2003-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To determine the iodine content of iodized salt at the production stage, to assess the perceptions and knowledge of salt producers about the prevention and control of iodine deficiency, and to examine the internal quality control procedures used during iodization in South Africa. METHOD: Salt samples were collected for iodine analysis by titration from the 12 producers iodizing salt in South Africa. Information on the producers' knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders and on internal quality control was obtained by means of questionnaires. FINDINGS: The legal requirement of 40-60 ppm iodine was met in 30.9% of salt samples; 57.9% contained more than 30 ppm iodine; 34.8% contained under 20 ppm iodine. There were shortcomings in perceptions and knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders and in the internal quality control procedures of a substantial proportion of the producers. CONCLUSION: In order to encourage and support salt producers to achieve optimal iodization there should be an information, education and communication strategy aimed at improving knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders and at raising the standard of internal quality control procedures. External monitoring should continue. PMID:12973644

75 FR 19944 - International Code Council: The Update Process for the International Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-16

... for Residential Construction in High Wind Areas. ICC 700: National Green Building Standard. The... Codes and Standards that are comprehensive, coordinated, and necessary to regulate the built environment... International Codes and Standards consist of the following: ICC Codes International Building Code. International...

Halogenated Peptides as Internal Standards (H-PINS)

PubMed Central

Mirzaei, Hamid; Brusniak, Mi-Youn; Mueller, Lukas N.; Letarte, Simon; Watts, Julian D.; Aebersold, Ruedi

2009-01-01

As the application for quantitative proteomics in the life sciences has grown in recent years, so has the need for more robust and generally applicable methods for quality control and calibration. The reliability of quantitative proteomics is tightly linked to the reproducibility and stability of the analytical platforms, which are typically multicomponent (e.g. sample preparation, multistep separations, and mass spectrometry) with individual components contributing unequally to the overall system reproducibility. Variations in quantitative accuracy are thus inevitable, and quality control and calibration become essential for the assessment of the quality of the analyses themselves. Toward this end, the use of internal standards cannot only assist in the detection and removal of outlier data acquired by an irreproducible system (quality control) but can also be used for detection of changes in instruments for their subsequent performance and calibration. Here we introduce a set of halogenated peptides as internal standards. The peptides are custom designed to have properties suitable for various quality control assessments, data calibration, and normalization processes. The unique isotope distribution of halogenated peptides makes their mass spectral detection easy and unambiguous when spiked into complex peptide mixtures. In addition, they were designed to elute sequentially over an entire aqueous to organic LC gradient and to have m/z values within the commonly scanned mass range (300–1800 Da). In a series of experiments in which these peptides were spiked into an enriched N-glycosite peptide fraction (i.e. from formerly N-glycosylated intact proteins in their deglycosylated form) isolated from human plasma, we show the utility and performance of these halogenated peptides for sample preparation and LC injection quality control as well as for retention time and mass calibration. Further use of the peptides for signal intensity normalization and retention time synchronization for selected reaction monitoring experiments is also demonstrated. PMID:19411281

Blood glucose control and quality of health care in non-insulin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes in Spain: a retrospective and cross-sectional observational study

PubMed Central

Rodríguez, A; Calle, A; Vázquez, L; Chacón, F; Polavieja, P; Reviriego, J

2011-01-01

Aims To assess blood glucose control and quality of health care provided to non-insulin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in routine clinical practice in Spain. Methods In this observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study, patients were grouped as either having good or suboptimal blood glucose control according to International Diabetes Federation or American Diabetes Association HbA1c goals. Clinical and socio-demographic data and compliance with the main standard level of care recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation were recorded during a routine visit. Correlates of glucose control were analysed by logistic regression. Results Many patients were grouped as having suboptimal control under International Diabetes Federation (61.9%) or American Diabetes Association (45.0%) criteria. The mean number of accomplished International Diabetes Federation recommendations (7.3 out of 11) was higher for endocrinologists (than for internists or primary care physicians), and significantly more patients under their care were in the good glucose control group (than with primary care physicians). More recommendations were associated with blood glucose control using International Diabetes Federation than American Diabetes Association criteria, demanding higher quality of health care for achieving stricter goals. Some recommendations were poorly observed, particularly those concerning patients’ education on diabetes, the prompt prescription of effective treatments and monitoring of complications. Diabetes complications were associated with being in the suboptimal control group. Patients’ education on diabetes and HbA1c monitoring were associated with being in the good control group. Conclusions These results demonstrate the need for improvement in the management of patients with non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes in actual clinical practice in Spain. Such improvement would entail a stricter adherence to International Diabetes Federation recommendations. PMID:21294772

Evaluation of Standards for Access Control Enabling PHR-S Federation.

PubMed

Mense, Alexander; Urbauer, Philipp; Sauermann, Stefan

2017-01-01

The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile applications in the healthcare may transform the healthcare industry by offering better disease tracking and management as well as patient empowerment. Unfortunately, almost all of these new systems set up their own ecosystem and to be really valuable for the care process they need to be integrated or federated with user managed access control services based on international standards and profiles to enable interoperability. Thus, this work presents the results of an evaluation of available specifications for federated authorization, based on a set of basic requirements.

An international collaboration to standardize HIV-2 viral load assays: results from the 2009 ACHI(E)V(2E) quality control study.

PubMed

Damond, F; Benard, A; Balotta, Claudia; Böni, Jürg; Cotten, Matthew; Duque, Vitor; Ferns, Bridget; Garson, Jeremy; Gomes, Perpetua; Gonçalves, Fátima; Gottlieb, Geoffrey; Kupfer, Bernd; Ruelle, Jean; Rodes, Berta; Soriano, Vicente; Wainberg, Mark; Taieb, Audrey; Matheron, Sophie; Chene, Genevieve; Brun-Vezinet, Francoise

2011-10-01

Accurate HIV-2 plasma viral load quantification is crucial for adequate HIV-2 patient management and for the proper conduct of clinical trials and international cohort collaborations. This study compared the homogeneity of HIV-2 RNA quantification when using HIV-2 assays from ACHI(E)V(2E) study sites and either in-house PCR calibration standards or common viral load standards supplied to all collaborators. Each of the 12 participating laboratories quantified blinded HIV-2 samples, using its own HIV-2 viral load assay and standard as well as centrally validated and distributed common HIV-2 group A and B standards (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/HelpDocs/subtypes-more.html). Aliquots of HIV-2 group A and B strains, each at 2 theoretical concentrations (2.7 and 3.7 log(10) copies/ml), were tested. Intralaboratory, interlaboratory, and overall variances of quantification results obtained with both standards were compared using F tests. For HIV-2 group A quantifications, overall and interlaboratory and/or intralaboratory variances were significantly lower when using the common standard than when using in-house standards at the concentration levels of 2.7 log(10) copies/ml and 3.7 log(10) copies/ml, respectively. For HIV-2 group B, a high heterogeneity was observed and the variances did not differ according to the type of standard used. In this international collaboration, the use of a common standard improved the homogeneity of HIV-2 group A RNA quantification only. The diversity of HIV-2 group B, particularly in PCR primer-binding regions, may explain the heterogeneity in quantification of this strain. Development of a validated HIV-2 viral load assay that accurately quantifies distinct circulating strains is needed.

An International Collaboration To Standardize HIV-2 Viral Load Assays: Results from the 2009 ACHIEV2E Quality Control Study▿

PubMed Central

Damond, F.; Benard, A.; Balotta, Claudia; Böni, Jürg; Cotten, Matthew; Duque, Vitor; Ferns, Bridget; Garson, Jeremy; Gomes, Perpetua; Gonçalves, Fátima; Gottlieb, Geoffrey; Kupfer, Bernd; Ruelle, Jean; Rodes, Berta; Soriano, Vicente; Wainberg, Mark; Taieb, Audrey; Matheron, Sophie; Chene, Genevieve; Brun-Vezinet, Francoise

2011-01-01

Accurate HIV-2 plasma viral load quantification is crucial for adequate HIV-2 patient management and for the proper conduct of clinical trials and international cohort collaborations. This study compared the homogeneity of HIV-2 RNA quantification when using HIV-2 assays from ACHIEV2E study sites and either in-house PCR calibration standards or common viral load standards supplied to all collaborators. Each of the 12 participating laboratories quantified blinded HIV-2 samples, using its own HIV-2 viral load assay and standard as well as centrally validated and distributed common HIV-2 group A and B standards (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/HelpDocs/subtypes-more.html). Aliquots of HIV-2 group A and B strains, each at 2 theoretical concentrations (2.7 and 3.7 log10 copies/ml), were tested. Intralaboratory, interlaboratory, and overall variances of quantification results obtained with both standards were compared using F tests. For HIV-2 group A quantifications, overall and interlaboratory and/or intralaboratory variances were significantly lower when using the common standard than when using in-house standards at the concentration levels of 2.7 log10 copies/ml and 3.7 log10 copies/ml, respectively. For HIV-2 group B, a high heterogeneity was observed and the variances did not differ according to the type of standard used. In this international collaboration, the use of a common standard improved the homogeneity of HIV-2 group A RNA quantification only. The diversity of HIV-2 group B, particularly in PCR primer-binding regions, may explain the heterogeneity in quantification of this strain. Development of a validated HIV-2 viral load assay that accurately quantifies distinct circulating strains is needed. PMID:21813718

Up-regulation of the G3PDH 'housekeeping' gene by estrogen.

PubMed

Galal, Nadia; El-Beialy, Waleed; Deyama, Yoshiaki; Yoshimura, Yoshitaka; Tei, Kanchu; Suzuki, Kuniaki; Totsuka, Yasunori

2010-01-01

Proteomic and genomic studies commonly involve the assessment of mRNA levels using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR. An internal standard RNA is fundamentally analyzed along with the investigated mRNA to document the specificity of the effect(s) on mRNA and to correct for inter-sample variations. In our studies implementing estrogen treatments on different cell lines, we initially used glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) as an internal standard. However, the results of PCR amplification demonstrated that 17β-estradiol enhanced the expression of the G3PDH gene, rendering it impossible to use G3PDH as an unbiased comparative control.

An empirical evaluation of software quality assurance practices and challenges in a developing country: a comparison of Nigeria and Turkey.

PubMed

Sowunmi, Olaperi Yeside; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Crawford, Broderick; Soto, Ricardo

2016-01-01

The importance of quality assurance in the software development process cannot be overemphasized because its adoption results in high reliability and easy maintenance of the software system and other software products. Software quality assurance includes different activities such as quality control, quality management, quality standards, quality planning, process standardization and improvement amongst others. The aim of this work is to further investigate the software quality assurance practices of practitioners in Nigeria. While our previous work covered areas on quality planning, adherence to standardized processes and the inherent challenges, this work has been extended to include quality control, software process improvement and international quality standard organization membership. It also makes comparison based on a similar study carried out in Turkey. The goal is to generate more robust findings that can properly support decision making by the software community. The qualitative research approach, specifically, the use of questionnaire research instruments was applied to acquire data from software practitioners. In addition to the previous results, it was observed that quality assurance practices are quite neglected and this can be the cause of low patronage. Moreover, software practitioners are neither aware of international standards organizations or the required process improvement techniques; as such their claimed standards are not aligned to those of accredited bodies, and are only limited to their local experience and knowledge, which makes it questionable. The comparison with Turkey also yielded similar findings, making the results typical of developing countries. The research instrument used was tested for internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha, and it was proved reliable. For the software industry in developing countries to grow strong and be a viable source of external revenue, software assurance practices have to be taken seriously because its effect is evident in the final product. Moreover, quality frameworks and tools which require minimum time and cost are highly needed in these countries.

25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... microchip reader, the reader shall be tested periodically to determine that it is correctly reading the bar code or microchip. (iii) If the electronic equipment returns a voucher or a payment slip to the player...

INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING STANDARDS FOR NONCRITERIA POLLUTANTS

EPA Science Inventory

Much of the initial interest in the control of pollutants, both in the United States and abroad, focused on such "traditional" pollutants as sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) and particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, and ...

Cancer Control Programs in East Asia: Evidence From the International Literature

PubMed Central

Moore, Malcolm A.

2014-01-01

Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, including the countries of North-East and South-East Asia. Assessment of burden through cancer registration, determination of risk and protective factors, early detection and screening, clinical practice, interventions for example in vaccination, tobacco cessation efforts and palliative care all should be included in comprehensive cancer control programs. The degree to which this is possible naturally depends on the resources available at local, national and international levels. The present review concerns elements of cancer control programs established in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan in North-East Asia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia as representative larger countries of South-East Asia for comparison, using the published literature as a guide. While major advances have been made, there are still areas which need more attention, especially in South-East Asia, and international cooperation is essential if standard guidelines are to be generated to allow effective cancer control efforts throughout the Far East. PMID:25139165

Evaluation Realities or How I Learned to Love "The Standards" While Evaluating a Computer Assisted Instruction Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, David A.

This case study presents a narrative summary of the evaluation of a two semester computer assisted instruction (CAI) project in an all minority high school. Use of PLATO software with Control Data microcomputers brought about modest achievement advantages, higher internal locus of control, more positive attitudes toward school and specific course…

Control Techtronics International

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

West, J.

1995-12-31

Polish graded coal can be burned in existing stoker boilers and meet the 1998 Air Quality standard. This is accomplished with the Control Techtronics microprocessor-based combustion controller accurately and repeatedly: (a) matching the combustion air to the coal firing rate, with continuous stack sensor feedback; (b) continuously varying the boiler`s firing rate based on output water temperature or steam pressure; (c) continuously varying the exhaust fan`s speed to maintain minimum negative pressure in the boiler`s combustion chamber; and recirculating a portion of the flue gas, at varying amounts throughout the boiler`s firing rate. Systems for five boilers have been installedmore » and are operating on MPEC`s Balicka plant in Krakow. Control Techtronics International has $10 million of U.S. Export-Import Bank funds available for similar projects throughout Poland.« less

77 FR 37361 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; New Source Performance Standards for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines AGENCY: Environmental Protection... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; New Source Performance...

Perceived parenting style of fathers and adolescents' locus of control in a collectivist culture of Malaysia: the moderating role of fathers' education.

PubMed

Keshavarz, Somayeh; Baharudin, Rozumah; Mounts, Nina S

2013-01-01

The authors investigated the moderating role of father's education on the associations between perceived paternal parenting styles and locus of control among 382 Malaysian adolescents with an average age of 14.27. Data were collected by means of adolescents' self-report using standardized instruments (i.e., parental authority questionnaire and Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale for Children). Results revealed that there were significant negative relationships between fathers' authoritative parenting style (r = -.243, p < .001) and authoritarian parenting style (r = -.130, p < .01) with adolescents' internal locus of control. Furthermore, the findings indicated that father's high level of education moderated the relationship between perceived paternal authoritarian parenting and locus of control (b = -0.147, p < .001). The findings underscore the need to include the role of parents' education when assessing the links between parenting styles and adolescents' locus of control.

Improved reliability of pH measurements.

PubMed

Spitzer, Petra; Werner, Barbara

2002-11-01

Measurements of pH are performed on a large scale at laboratory level, and in industry. To meet the quality-control requirements and other technical specifications there is a need for traceability in measurement results. The prerequisite for the international acceptance of analytical data is reliability. To measure means to compare. Comparability entails use of recognised references to which the standard buffer solutions used for calibration of pH meter-electrode assemblies can be traced. The new recommendation on the measurement of pH recently published as a provisional document by the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) enables traceability for measured pH values to a conventional reference frame which is recognised world-wide. The primary method for pH will be described. If analytical data are to be accepted internationally it is necessary to demonstrate the equivalence of the national traceability structures, including national measurement standards. For the first time key comparisons for pH have been performed by the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM, set up by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM) to assess the equivalence of the national measurement procedures used to determine the pH of primary standard buffer solutions. The results of the first key comparison on pH CCQM-K9, and other international initiatives to improve the consistency of the results of measurement for pH, are reported.

Internal quality control of blood products: An experience from a tertiary care hospital blood bank from Southern Pakistan.

PubMed

Sultan, Sadia; Zaheer, Hasan Abbas; Waheed, Usman; Baig, Mohammad Amjad; Rehan, Asma; Irfan, Syed Mohammed

2018-01-01

Internal quality control (IQC) is the backbone of quality assurance program. In blood banking, the quality control of blood products ensures the timely availability of a blood component of high quality with maximum efficacy and minimal risk to potential recipients. The main objective of this study is to analyze the IQC of blood products as an indicator of our blood bank performance. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the blood bank of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 100 units of each blood components were arbitrarily chosen during the study. Packed red cell units were evaluated for hematocrit (HCT); random platelet concentrates were evaluated for pH, yield, and culture; fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate (CP) were evaluated for unit volume, factor VIII, and fibrinogen concentrations. A total of 400 units were tested for IQC. The mean HCT of packed red cells was 69.5 ± 7.24, and in 98% units, it met the standard (<80% of HCT). The mean platelet yield was 8.8 ± 3.40 × 10 9 /L and pH was ≥6.2 in 98% bags; cultures were negative in 97% of units tested. Mean factor VIII and fibrinogen levels were found to be 84.24 ± 15.01 and 247.17 ± 49.69 for FFP, respectively. For CP, mean factor VIII and fibrinogen level were found to be 178.75 ± 86.30 and 420.7 ± 75.32, respectively. The IQC of blood products at our blood bank is in overall compliance and met recommended international standards. Implementation of standard operating procedures, accomplishment of standard guidelines, proper documentation with regular audit, and staff competencies can improve the quality performance of the transfusion services.

A Review on the Rising Prevalence of International Standards: Threats or Opportunities for the Agri-Food Produce Sector in Developing Countries, with a Focus on Examples from the MENA Region.

PubMed

Faour-Klingbeil, Dima; Todd, Ewen C D

2018-03-03

Food safety standards are a necessity to protect consumers' health in today's growing global food trade. A number of studies have suggested safety standards can interrupt trade, bringing financial and technical burdens on small as well as large agri-food producers in developing countries. Other examples have shown that economical extension, key intermediaries, and funded initiatives have substantially enhanced the capacities of growers in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to meet the food safety and quality requirements, and improve their access to international markets. These endeavors often compensate for the weak regulatory framework, but do not offer a sustainable solution. There is a big gap in the food safety level and control systems between countries in the MENA region and those in the developed nations. This certainly has implications for the safety of fresh produce and agricultural practices, which hinders any progress in their international food trade. To overcome the barriers of legal and private standards, food safety should be a national priority for sustainable agricultural development in the MENA countries. Local governments have a primary role in adopting the vision for developing and facilitating the implementation of their national Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards that are consistent with the international requirements and adapted to local policies and environment. Together, the public and private sector's support are instrumental to deliver the skills and infrastructure needed for leveraging the safety and quality level of the agri-food chain.

A Review on the Rising Prevalence of International Standards: Threats or Opportunities for the Agri-Food Produce Sector in Developing Countries, with a Focus on Examples from the MENA Region

PubMed Central

Faour-Klingbeil, Dima

2018-01-01

Food safety standards are a necessity to protect consumers’ health in today’s growing global food trade. A number of studies have suggested safety standards can interrupt trade, bringing financial and technical burdens on small as well as large agri-food producers in developing countries. Other examples have shown that economical extension, key intermediaries, and funded initiatives have substantially enhanced the capacities of growers in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to meet the food safety and quality requirements, and improve their access to international markets. These endeavors often compensate for the weak regulatory framework, but do not offer a sustainable solution. There is a big gap in the food safety level and control systems between countries in the MENA region and those in the developed nations. This certainly has implications for the safety of fresh produce and agricultural practices, which hinders any progress in their international food trade. To overcome the barriers of legal and private standards, food safety should be a national priority for sustainable agricultural development in the MENA countries. Local governments have a primary role in adopting the vision for developing and facilitating the implementation of their national Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards that are consistent with the international requirements and adapted to local policies and environment. Together, the public and private sector’s support are instrumental to deliver the skills and infrastructure needed for leveraging the safety and quality level of the agri-food chain. PMID:29510498

Validation and cross-cultural pilot testing of compliance with standard precautions scale: self-administered instrument for clinical nurses.

PubMed

Lam, Simon C

2014-05-01

To perform detailed psychometric testing of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS) in measuring compliance with standard precautions of clinical nurses and to conduct cross-cultural pilot testing and assess the relevance of the CSPS on an international platform. A cross-sectional and correlational design with repeated measures. Nursing students from a local registered nurse training university, nurses from different hospitals in Hong Kong, and experts in an international conference. The psychometric properties of the CSPS were evaluated via internal consistency, 2-week and 3-month test-retest reliability, concurrent validation, and construct validation. The cross-cultural pilot testing and relevance check was examined by experts on infection control from various developed and developing regions. Among 453 participants, 193 were nursing students, 165 were enrolled nurses, and 95 were registered nurses. The results showed that the CSPS had satisfactory reliability (Cronbach α = 0.73; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.79 for 2-week test-retest and 0.74 for 3-month test-retest) and validity (optimum correlation with criterion measure; r = 0.76, P < .001; satisfactory results on known-group method and hypothesis testing). A total of 19 experts from 16 countries assured that most of the CSPS findings were relevant and globally applicable. The CSPS demonstrated satisfactory results on the basis of the standard international criteria on psychometric testing, which ascertained the reliability and validity of this instrument in measuring the compliance of clinical nurses with standard precautions. The cross-cultural pilot testing further reinforced the instrument's relevance and applicability in most developed and developing regions.

KPMG Peat Marwick LLP Corporation of Mercer University Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1995

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-11

The objective of a quality control review is to ensure that the audit was conducted in accordance with applicable standards and meets the auditing...requirements of the OMB Circular A-133. We conducted a quality control review of the audit working papers. We focused our review on the following...qualitative aspects of the audit : due professional care, planning, supervision, independence, quality control, internal controls, substantive testing, general and specific compliance testing, and the Schedule of Federal Awards.

[Discussion on research thinking of traditional Chinese medicine standardization system based on whole process quality control].

PubMed

Dong, Ling; Sun, Yu; Pei, Wen-Xuan; Dai, Jun-Dong; Wang, Zi-Yu; Pan, Meng; Chen, Jiang-Peng; Wang, Yun

2017-12-01

The concept of "Quality by design" indicates that good design for the whole life cycle of pharmaceutical production enables the drug to meet the expected quality requirements. Aiming at the existing problems of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the TCM standardization system was put forward in this paper from the national strategic level, under the guidance by the idea of quality control in international manufacturing industry and with considerations of TCM industry's own characteristics and development status. The connotation of this strategy was to establish five interrelated systems: multi-indicators system based on tri-indicators system, quality standard and specification system of TCM herbal materials and decoction pieces, quality traceability system, data monitoring system based on whole-process quality control, and whole-process quality management system of TCM, and achieve the whole process systematic and scientific study in TCM industry through "top-level design-implement in steps-system integration" workflow. This article analyzed the correlation between the quality standards of all links, established standard operating procedures of each link and whole process, and constructed a high standard overall quality management system for TCM industry chains, in order to provide a demonstration for the establishment of TCM whole-process quality control system and provide systematic reference and basis for standardization strategy in TCM industry. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Food Insecurity and Mental Disorders in a National Sample of U.S. Adolescents

PubMed Central

McLaughlin, Katie A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Alegría, Margarita; Costello, E. Jane; Gruber, Michael J.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Kessler, Ronald C.

2013-01-01

Objective To examine whether food insecurity is associated with past-year DSM-IV mental disorders after controlling for standard indicators of family socioeconomic status (SES) in a U.S. national sample of adolescents. Method Data were drawn from 6,483 adolescent–parent pairs who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement, a national survey of adolescents 13 to 17 years old. Frequency and severity of food insecurity were assessed with questions based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Scale (standardized to a mean of 0, variance of 1). DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Associations of food insecurity with DSM-IV/Composite International Diagnostic Interview diagnoses were estimated with logistic regression models controlling for family SES (parental education, household income, relative deprivation, community-level inequality, and subjective social status). Results Food insecurity was highest in adolescents with the lowest SES. Controlling simultaneously for other aspects of SES, standardized food insecurity was associated with an increased odds of past-year mood, anxiety, behavior, and substance disorders. A 1 standard deviation increase in food insecurity was associated with a 14%increase in the odds of past-year mental disorder, even after controlling for extreme poverty. The association between food insecurity and mood disorders was strongest in adolescents living in families with a low household income and high relative deprivation. Conclusions Food insecurity is associated with a wide range of adolescent mental disorders independently of other aspects of SES. Expansion of social programs aimed at decreasing family economic strain might be one useful policy approach for improving youth mental health. PMID:23200286

Food insecurity and mental disorders in a national sample of U.S. adolescents.

PubMed

McLaughlin, Katie A; Green, Jennifer Greif; Alegría, Margarita; Jane Costello, E; Gruber, Michael J; Sampson, Nancy A; Kessler, Ronald C

2012-12-01

To examine whether food insecurity is associated with past-year DSM-IV mental disorders after controlling for standard indicators of family socioeconomic status (SES) in a U.S. national sample of adolescents. Data were drawn from 6,483 adolescent-parent pairs who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement, a national survey of adolescents 13 to 17 years old. Frequency and severity of food insecurity were assessed with questions based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Security Scale (standardized to a mean of 0, variance of 1). DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Associations of food insecurity with DSM-IV/Composite International Diagnostic Interview diagnoses were estimated with logistic regression models controlling for family SES (parental education, household income, relative deprivation, community-level inequality, and subjective social status). Food insecurity was highest in adolescents with the lowest SES. Controlling simultaneously for other aspects of SES, standardized food insecurity was associated with an increased odds of past-year mood, anxiety, behavior, and substance disorders. A 1 standard deviation increase in food insecurity was associated with a 14% increase in the odds of past-year mental disorder, even after controlling for extreme poverty. The association between food insecurity and mood disorders was strongest in adolescents living in families with a low household income and high relative deprivation. Food insecurity is associated with a wide range of adolescent mental disorders independently of other aspects of SES. Expansion of social programs aimed at decreasing family economic strain might be one useful policy approach for improving youth mental health. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

77 FR 36984 - International Standard-Setting Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-20

... to Reduce Contamination of Food with Chemicals. Revised definition of Contaminant. To be considered... Code of Practice for Weed Control to Prevent and Reduce Pyrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Food and... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Food Safety and Inspection Service [Docket No. FSIS-2012-0017...

Clear as glass: transparent financial reporting.

PubMed

Valletta, Robert M

2005-08-01

To be transparent, financial information needs to be easily accessible, timely, content-rich, and narrative. Not-for-profit hospitals and health systems should report detailed financial information quarterly. They need internal controls to reduce the level of complexity throughout the organization by creating standardized processes.

Multifractal Properties of Process Control Variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domański, Paweł D.

2017-06-01

Control system is an inevitable element of any industrial installation. Its quality affects overall process performance significantly. The assessment, whether control system needs any improvement or not, requires relevant and constructive measures. There are various methods, like time domain based, Minimum Variance, Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistical factors, fractal and entropy indexes. Majority of approaches use time series of control variables. They are able to cover many phenomena. But process complexities and human interventions cause effects that are hardly visible for standard measures. It is shown that the signals originating from industrial installations have multifractal properties and such an analysis may extend standard approach to further observations. The work is based on industrial and simulation data. The analysis delivers additional insight into the properties of control system and the process. It helps to discover internal dependencies and human factors, which are hardly detectable.

International Standardization of the Clinical Dosimetry of Beta Radiation Brachytherapy Sources: Progress of an ISO Standard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soares, Christopher

2006-03-01

In 2004 a new work item proposal (NWIP) was accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 85 (TC85 -- Nuclear Energy), Subcommittee 2 (Radiation Protection) for the development of a standard for the clinical dosimetry of beta radiation sources used for brachytherapy. To develop this standard, a new Working Group (WG 22 - Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry and Protocols in Medical Applications) was formed. The standard is based on the work of an ad-hoc working group initiated by the Dosimetry task group of the Deutsches Insitiut für Normung (DIN). Initially the work was geared mainly towards the needs of intravascular brachytherapy, but with the decline of this application, more focus has been placed on the challenges of accurate dosimetry for the concave eye plaques used to treat ocular melanoma. Guidance is given for dosimetry formalisms, reference data to be used, calibrations, measurement methods, modeling, uncertainty determinations, treatment planning and reporting, and clinical quality control. The document is currently undergoing review by the ISO member bodies for acceptance as a Committee Draft (CD) with publication of the final standard expected by 2007. There are opportunities for other ISO standards for medical dosimetry within the framework of WG22.

Absolute cavity pyrgeometer

DOEpatents

Reda, Ibrahim

2013-10-29

Implementations of the present disclosure involve an apparatus and method to measure the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere or long-wave source. The apparatus may involve a thermopile, a concentrator and temperature controller. The incoming long-wave irradiance may be reflected from the concentrator to a thermopile receiver located at the bottom of the concentrator to receive the reflected long-wave irradiance. In addition, the thermopile may be thermally connected to a temperature controller to control the device temperature. Through use of the apparatus, the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere may be calculated from several measurements provided by the apparatus. In addition, the apparatus may provide an international standard of pyrgeometers' calibration that is traceable back to the International System of Units (SI) rather than to a blackbody atmospheric simulator.

Using Passive Polyethylene Samplers to Evaluate Chemical Activities Controlling Fluxes and Bioaccumulation of Organic Contaminants in Bed Sediments

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

carbon flipid fraction lipid foc fraction organic carbon fprotein fraction protein GCMS Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry HP Hunter’s...Internal standards were added to the extracts before gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. GCMS was done using a JEOL GCmate...min. The MS was operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) and EI+ modes. Calibration standards 6 containing at least 25 aromatic compounds

Internal quality control indicators of cervical cytopathology exams performed in laboratories monitored by the External Quality Control Laboratory.

PubMed

Ázara, Cinara Zago Silveira; Manrique, Edna Joana Cláudio; Tavares, Suelene Brito do Nascimento; de Souza, Nadja Lindany Alves; Amaral, Rita Goreti

2014-09-01

To evaluate the impact of continued education provided by an external quality control laboratory on the indicators of internal quality control of cytopathology exams. The internal quality assurance indicators for cytopathology exams from 12 laboratories monitored by the External Quality Control Laboratory were evaluated. Overall, 185,194 exams were included, 98,133 of which referred to the period preceding implementation of a continued education program, while 87,061 referred to the period following this intervention. Data were obtained from the Cervical Cancer Database of the Brazilian National Health Service. Following implementation of the continued education program, the positivity index (PI) remained within recommended limits in four laboratories. In another four laboratories, the PI progressed from below the limits to within the recommended standards. In one laboratory, the PI remained low, in two laboratories, it remained very low, and in one, it increased from very low to low. The percentage of exams compatible with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) remained within the recommended limits in five laboratories, while in three laboratories it progressed from below the recommended levels to >0.4% of the total number of satisfactory exams, and in four laboratories it remained below the standard limit. Both the percentage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in relation to abnormal exams, and the ratio between ASC-US and intraepithelial lesions remained within recommended levels in all the laboratories investigated. An improvement was found in the indicators represented by the positivity index and the percentage of exams compatible with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, showing that the role played by the external quality control laboratory in providing continued education contributed towards improving laboratory staff skills in detecting cervical cancer precursor lesions.

[Determination of heavy metals in four traditional Chinese medicines by ICP-MS].

PubMed

Wen, Hui-Min; Chen, Xiao-Hui; Dong, Ting-Xia; Zhan, Hua-Qiang; Bi, Kai-Shun

2006-08-01

To establish a ICP-MS method for the determination of heavy metals, including As, Hg, Pb, Cd, in four traditional Chinese medicines. The samples were digested by closed-versel microwave. The four heavy metals were directly analyzed by ICP-MS. Select internal standard element in for the method by which the analyse signal drife is corrected by the signal of another element (internal standard elements) added to both the standard solution and sample. For all of the analyzed heary methals, the correlative coefficient of the calibration curves was over 0.999 2. The recovery rates of the procedure were 97.5%-108.0%, and its RSD was lower than 11.6%. This method was convenient, quick-acquired, accurate and highly sensitive. The method can be used for the quality control of trace elements in traditional Chinese medicines and for the contents determination of traditional Chinese medicines from different habitats and species.

The 2010 U.S. health care reform: approaching and avoiding how other countries finance health care.

PubMed

White, Joseph

2013-07-01

This article describes and analyzes the U.S. health care legislation of 2010 by asking how far it was designed to move the U.S. system in the direction of practices in all other rich democracies. The enacted U.S. reform could be described, extremely roughly, as Japanese pooling with Swiss and American problems at American prices. Its policies are distinctive, yet nevertheless somewhat similar to examples in other rich democracies, on two important dimensions: how risks are pooled and the amount of funds redistributed to subsidize care for people with lower incomes. Policies about compelling people to contribute to a finance system would be further from international norms, as would the degree to which coverage is set by clear and common substantive standards--that is, standardization of benefits. The reform would do least, however, to move the United States toward international practices for controlling spending. This in turn is a major reason why the results would include less standard benefits and incomplete coverage. In short, the United States would remain an outlier on coverage less because of a failure to make an effort to redistribute--a lack of solidarity--than due to a failure to control costs.

The Third International Standard for Corticotrophin

PubMed Central

Bangham, D. R.; Mussett, M. V.; Stack-Dunne, M. P.

1962-01-01

At its meeting in September 1957, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization agreed with the recommendation of the International Conference on Corticotrophin, held in July 1957, that a new international standard for corticotrophin should be set up, since the Second International Standard was made from crude material and was unsuitable for the assay of the purer preparations of corticotrophin now in general clinical use. In this paper, the authors describe the steps taken to establish the Third International Standard for Corticotrophin, from the preparation and international collaborative assay of the new material to the choice of the ”subcutaneous assay” for deriving the potency. The clinical and pharmacological implications of this choice are discussed. Since the preparation, characterization and exact quantitative assay of standards for corticotrophin are so difficult, several batches of approximately 3500 ampoules were prepared in a similar way from the same material to serve as an international Working Standard. Samples from two batches were included in the collaborative assay and found to have the same potency as the Third Standard. Sufficient ampoules of the Working Standard are available for use as national and laboratory standards. PMID:13966359

77 FR 36341 - Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Emission Standards and Test Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-18

...EPA is adopting several new aircraft engine emission standards for oxides of nitrogen (NOX), compliance flexibilities, and other regulatory requirements for aircraft turbofan or turbojet engines with rated thrusts greater than 26.7 kilonewtons (kN). We also are adopting certain other requirements for gas turbine engines that are subject to exhaust emission standards as follows. First, we are clarifying when the emission characteristics of a new turbofan or turbojet engine model have become different enough from its existing parent engine design that it must conform to the most current emission standards. Second, we are establishing a new reporting requirement for manufacturers of gas turbine engines that are subject to any exhaust emission standard to provide us with timely and consistent emission- related information. Third, and finally, we are establishing amendments to aircraft engine test and emissions measurement procedures. EPA actively participated in the United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) proceedings in which most of these requirements were first developed. These regulatory requirements have largely been adopted or are actively under consideration by its member states. By adopting such similar standards, therefore, the United States maintains consistency with these international efforts.

76 FR 45011 - Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Proposed Emission Standards and Test...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-27

...This action proposes several new NOX emission standards, compliance flexibilities, and other regulatory requirements for aircraft turbofan or turbojet engines with rated thrusts greater than 26.7 kilonewtons (kN). We also are proposing certain other requirements for gas turbine engines that are subject to exhaust emission standards. First, we are proposing to clarify when the emission characteristics of a new turbofan or turbojet engine model have become different enough from its existing parent engine design that it must conform to the most current emission standards. Second, we are proposing a new reporting requirement for manufacturers of gas turbine engines that are subject to any exhaust emission standard to provide us with timely and consistent emission-related information. Third, and finally, we are proposing amendments to aircraft engine test and emissions measurement procedures. EPA actively participated in the United Nation's International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) proceedings in which most of these proposed requirements were first developed. These proposed regulatory requirements have largely been adopted or are actively under consideration by its member states. By adopting such similar standards, therefore, the United States will maintain consistency with these international efforts.

Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be overcome. Here, we discuss a variant of the standard stress paradigm, which results in anhedonia. This anhedonic state was defined by a decrease in sucrose preference that was not exhibited by all animals. As such, we propose the use of non-anhedonic, stressed mice as an internal control in experimental mouse models of depression. The application of an internal control for the effects of stress, along with optimized behavioural testing, can enable the analysis of biological correlates of stress-induced anhedonia versus the consequences of stress alone in a chronic-stress depression model. This is illustrated, for instance, by distinct physiological and molecular profiles in anhedonic and non-anhedonic groups subjected to stress. These results argue for the use of a subgroup of individuals who are negative for the induction of a depressive phenotype during experimental paradigms of depression as an internal control, for more refined modeling of this disorder in animals. PMID:21524310

Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters.

PubMed

Strekalova, Tatyana; Couch, Yvonne; Kholod, Natalia; Boyks, Marco; Malin, Dmitry; Leprince, Pierre; Steinbusch, Harry Mw

2011-04-27

To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be overcome. Here, we discuss a variant of the standard stress paradigm, which results in anhedonia. This anhedonic state was defined by a decrease in sucrose preference that was not exhibited by all animals. As such, we propose the use of non-anhedonic, stressed mice as an internal control in experimental mouse models of depression. The application of an internal control for the effects of stress, along with optimized behavioural testing, can enable the analysis of biological correlates of stress-induced anhedonia versus the consequences of stress alone in a chronic-stress depression model. This is illustrated, for instance, by distinct physiological and molecular profiles in anhedonic and non-anhedonic groups subjected to stress. These results argue for the use of a subgroup of individuals who are negative for the induction of a depressive phenotype during experimental paradigms of depression as an internal control, for more refined modeling of this disorder in animals.

Location, location & size: defects close to surfaces dominate fatigue crack initiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serrano-Munoz, Itziar; Buffiere, Jean-Yves; Mokso, Rajmund; Verdu, Catherine; Nadot, Yves

2017-03-01

Metallic cast components inevitably contain defects such as shrinkage cavities which are inherent to the solidification process. Those defects are known to significantly alter the fatigue life of components. Yet very little is known, quantitatively, on the dangerosity of internal casting defects compared to surface ones. In this study, fatigue specimens containing controlled internal defects (shrinkage pores) are used to foster internal cracking. In situ fatigue tests monitored by X ray synchrotron tomography revealed that the internal nucleation and propagation of cracks was systematically overran by surface cracking initiated at castings defects up to ten times smaller than the internal ones. These findings indicate that the presence of internal defects in cast components can be tolerated to a larger extent than is allowed by nowadays standards

Location, location &size: defects close to surfaces dominate fatigue crack initiation.

PubMed

Serrano-Munoz, Itziar; Buffiere, Jean-Yves; Mokso, Rajmund; Verdu, Catherine; Nadot, Yves

2017-03-27

Metallic cast components inevitably contain defects such as shrinkage cavities which are inherent to the solidification process. Those defects are known to significantly alter the fatigue life of components. Yet very little is known, quantitatively, on the dangerosity of internal casting defects compared to surface ones. In this study, fatigue specimens containing controlled internal defects (shrinkage pores) are used to foster internal cracking. In situ fatigue tests monitored by X ray synchrotron tomography revealed that the internal nucleation and propagation of cracks was systematically overran by surface cracking initiated at castings defects up to ten times smaller than the internal ones. These findings indicate that the presence of internal defects in cast components can be tolerated to a larger extent than is allowed by nowadays standards.

Location, location & size: defects close to surfaces dominate fatigue crack initiation

PubMed Central

Serrano-Munoz, Itziar; Buffiere, Jean-Yves; Mokso, Rajmund; Verdu, Catherine; Nadot, Yves

2017-01-01

Metallic cast components inevitably contain defects such as shrinkage cavities which are inherent to the solidification process. Those defects are known to significantly alter the fatigue life of components. Yet very little is known, quantitatively, on the dangerosity of internal casting defects compared to surface ones. In this study, fatigue specimens containing controlled internal defects (shrinkage pores) are used to foster internal cracking. In situ fatigue tests monitored by X ray synchrotron tomography revealed that the internal nucleation and propagation of cracks was systematically overran by surface cracking initiated at castings defects up to ten times smaller than the internal ones. These findings indicate that the presence of internal defects in cast components can be tolerated to a larger extent than is allowed by nowadays standards PMID:28345599

Minutes - Accredited Standards Committee on Mechanical Shock and Vibration, S2. U.S. Tag for ISO/TC108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-02

if required) - Hanning Window - (4) averages (linear, non -overlapping) At the designated measurement positions suitable surfaces shall be provided such...these efforts of particular importance in order to remain competitive in the international arena with respect to noise control technology and noise...Organizational matters and reports on working grouos , including reports on letter ballots and international matters (continued) b) S3/WG39 (2) - Human

New conducted electrical weapons: Electrical safety relative to relevant standards.

PubMed

Panescu, Dorin; Nerheim, Max; Kroll, Mark W; Brave, Michael A

2017-07-01

We have previously published about TASER ® conducted electrical weapons (CEW) compliance with international standards. CEWs deliver electrical pulses that can inhibit a person's neuromuscular control or temporarily incapacitate. An eXperimental Rotating-Field (XRF) waveform CEW and the X2 CEW are new 2-shot electrical weapon models designed to target a precise amount of delivered charge per pulse. They both can deploy 1 or 2 dart pairs, delivered by 2 separate cartridges. Additionally, the XRF controls delivery of incapacitating pulses over 4 field vectors, in a rotating sequence. As in our previous study, we were motivated by the need to understand the cardiac safety profile of these new CEWs. The goal of this paper is to analyze the nominal electrical outputs of TASER XRF and X2 CEWs in reference to provisions of all relevant international standards that specify safety requirements for electrical medical devices and electrical fences. Although these standards do not specifically mention CEWs, they are the closest electrical safety standards and hence give very relevant guidance. The outputs of several TASER XRF and X2 CEWs were measured under normal operating conditions. The measurements were compared against manufacturer specifications. CEWs electrical output parameters were reviewed against relevant safety requirements of UL 69, IEC 60335-2-76 Ed 2.1, IEC 60479-1, IEC 60479-2, AS/NZS 60479.1, AS/NZS 60479.2, IEC 60601-1 and BS EN 60601-1. Our study confirmed that the nominal electrical outputs of TASER XRF and X2 CEWs lie within safety bounds specified by relevant standards.

Emerging diseases and implications for global trade.

PubMed

Thiermann, A

2004-08-01

Emerging diseases could have a devastating impact on international trade unless there is a change in the traditional approach to disease control and new holistic prevention and control strategies are adopted. The impact that emerging diseases will have on international trade will depend on several factors, such as the nature of the pathogen, the degree of co-ordination and integration between Veterinary Services and Public Health authorities, the ability to rapidly detect and respond to a disease appearance, and the existing trade relationship between countries. Strategies to control emerging diseases will be more effective if competent authorities and veterinary infrastructures in particular, integrate their public and animal health objectives into a single strategy. The co-ordinating role of international standard setting organisations such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) will be crucial. This paper discusses the events contributing to the appearance and spread of new emerging diseases and examines the changing roles of Veterinary Services and international organisations. Reference is also made to measures that can be taken towards minimising potential trade disruptions caused by the appearance of an emerging disease.

Standard addition with internal standardisation as an alternative to using stable isotope labelled internal standards to correct for matrix effects-Comparison and validation using liquid chromatography-​tandem mass spectrometric assay of vitamin D.

PubMed

Hewavitharana, Amitha K; Abu Kassim, Nur Sofiah; Shaw, Paul Nicholas

2018-06-08

With mass spectrometric detection in liquid chromatography, co-eluting impurities affect the analyte response due to ion suppression/enhancement. Internal standard calibration method, using co-eluting stable isotope labelled analogue of each analyte as the internal standard, is the most appropriate technique available to correct for these matrix effects. However, this technique is not without drawbacks, proved to be expensive because separate internal standard for each analyte is required, and the labelled compounds are expensive or require synthesising. Traditionally, standard addition method has been used to overcome the matrix effects in atomic spectroscopy and was a well-established method. This paper proposes the same for mass spectrometric detection, and demonstrates that the results are comparable to those with the internal standard method using labelled analogues, for vitamin D assay. As conventional standard addition procedure does not address procedural errors, we propose the inclusion of an additional internal standard (not co-eluting). Recoveries determined on human serum samples show that the proposed method of standard addition yields more accurate results than the internal standardisation using stable isotope labelled analogues. The precision of the proposed method of standard addition is superior to the conventional standard addition method. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 71.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... venting, external cooling by an ancillary system, or operational controls during transport. Natural...: The International System of Units (SI) followed or preceded by U.S. standard or customary units. The U... water as a common, contract, or private carrier, or by civil aircraft. Certificate holder means a person...

10 CFR 71.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... venting, external cooling by an ancillary system, or operational controls during transport. Natural...: The International System of Units (SI) followed or preceded by U.S. standard or customary units. The U... water as a common, contract, or private carrier, or by civil aircraft. Certificate holder means a person...

MCST Research Operations | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Readiness. Laboratory Utilization. Custom Research Equipment Design-Build Capabilities. Add short description Concept and Design Design Requirements Assessment Controls and Automation Design-Build Services International (SEMI) S2 standard assessment Computer-Aided Design (CAD)/Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P

25 CFR 543.8-543.15 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 543.8-543.15 Section 543.8-543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING §§ 543.8-543.15 [Reserved] ...

25 CFR 543.4-543.5 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 543.4-543.5 Section 543.4-543.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING §§ 543.4-543.5 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 71.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... venting, external cooling by an ancillary system, or operational controls during transport. Natural...: The International System of Units (SI) followed or preceded by U.S. standard or customary units. The U... water as a common, contract, or private carrier, or by civil aircraft. Certificate holder means a person...

On the Evaluation of Curriculum Reforms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopmann, Stefan Thomas

2003-01-01

The paper considers the current international trend towards standards-based evaluation in a historical and comparative perspective. Based on a systematization of evaluation perspectives and tools, two basic patterns of curriculum control are discussed: process evaluation, and product evaluation. Whereas the first type has dominated the Continental…

KPMG Peat Marwick LLP GreatLakes Composites Consortium, Inc. Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1995

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-25

The objective of a quality control review is to assure that the audit was conducted in accordance with applicable standards and meets the auditing...requirements of the OMB Circular A-133. As the cognizant agency for the Institute, we conducted a quality control review of the audit working papers. We...focused our review on the qualitative aspects of the audit : due professional care, planning, supervision, independence, quality control, internal

Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy to Teach the Internal Standard Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellamy, Michael K.

2010-01-01

The internal standard method is widely applied in quantitative analyses. However, most analytical chemistry textbooks either omit this topic or only provide examples of a single-point internal standardization. An experiment designed to teach students how to prepare an internal standard calibration curve is described. The experiment is a modified…

The internal organization of hospitals: a descriptive study.

PubMed Central

Sloan, F A

1980-01-01

This study presents descriptive information on several dimensions of the internal organization of hospitals, with particular emphasis on medical staff, using data from two unique national surveys. Three alternative theories of hospital behavior by economists are described and evaluated with these data. The study also shows how standard bed size, teaching, and ownership categories relate to important features of hospital organization. In this way, understanding of these standard "control" variables is enhanced. For example, systematic organizational differences between proprietary and other hospitals are reported, holding bed size and teaching status constant. No single theory of hospital behavior emerges as dominant. The tables demonstrate the diversity of hospitals and the likelihood that no single model can adequately describe the behavior of all hospitals. PMID:7204062

Implementation of buffy-coat-derived pooled platelet concentrates for internal quality control of light transmission aggregometry: a proof of concept study.

PubMed

Prüller, F; Rosskopf, K; Mangge, H; Mahla, E; von Lewinski, D; Weiss, E C; Riegler, A; Enko, D

2017-12-01

Essentials In platelet function testing, standardized internal controls (IQC) are not commercially provided. Platelet function testing was performed daily on aliquoted pooled platelet concentrates. Pooled platelet concentrates showed stability for control purposes from Monday to Friday. Pooled platelet concentrates provide the necessary steadiness to serve as IQC material. Background Standardized commercially available control material for internal quality control (IQC) of light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is still lacking. Moreover, the availability of normal blood donors to provide fresh platelets is difficult in small laboratories, where 'volunteers' may be in short supply. Objectives To evaluate the implementation of buffy-coat-derived pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) for IQC material for LTA. Methods We used buffy-coat-derived pooled PCs from the blood bank as IQC material for LTA. On each weekend one PC was prepared (> 200 mL) and aliquoted from the original storage bag on a daily basis in four baby bags (40-50 mL), which were delivered from Monday to Friday to our laboratory. The IQC measurements of at least 85 work-weeks (from Monday to Friday) were evaluated with this new IQC material. LTA was performed on a four-channel Chronolog 700 Aggregometer (Chronolog Corporation, Havertown, PA, USA) (agonists: collagen, adenosine diphosphate [ADP], arachidonic acid [AA] and thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 [TRAP-6]). Results The medians of platelet aggregation from IQC measurements with collagen, ADP and AA from Monday to Friday were 68.0-59.5, 3.0-2.0 and 51.0-50.0%, respectively, and the mean of platelet aggregation with TRAP-6 was 71.2-66.4%. Conclusions Buffy-coat-derived pooled PCs serve as a reliable and robust IQC material for LTA measurements and would be beneficial for the whole laboratory procedure and employees' safety. © 2017 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Output Containment Control of Linear Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems Using Internal Model Principle.

PubMed

Zuo, Shan; Song, Yongduan; Lewis, Frank L; Davoudi, Ali

2017-01-04

This paper studies the output containment control of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems, where the system dynamics and even the state dimensions can generally be different. Since the states can have different dimensions, standard results from state containment control do not apply. Therefore, the control objective is to guarantee the convergence of the output of each follower to the dynamic convex hull spanned by the outputs of leaders. This can be achieved by making certain output containment errors go to zero asymptotically. Based on this formulation, two different control protocols, namely, full-state feedback and static output-feedback, are designed based on internal model principles. Sufficient local conditions for the existence of the proposed control protocols are developed in terms of stabilizing the local followers' dynamics and satisfying a certain H∞ criterion. Unified design procedures to solve the proposed two control protocols are presented by formulation and solution of certain local state-feedback and static output-feedback problems, respectively. Numerical simulations are given to validate the proposed control protocols.

Cooperative global optimal preview tracking control of linear multi-agent systems: an internal model approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yanrong; Liao, Fucheng; Deng, Jiamei; Liu, Huiyang

2017-09-01

This paper investigates the cooperative global optimal preview tracking problem of linear multi-agent systems under the assumption that the output of a leader is a previewable periodic signal and the topology graph contains a directed spanning tree. First, a type of distributed internal model is introduced, and the cooperative preview tracking problem is converted to a global optimal regulation problem of an augmented system. Second, an optimal controller, which can guarantee the asymptotic stability of the augmented system, is obtained by means of the standard linear quadratic optimal preview control theory. Third, on the basis of proving the existence conditions of the controller, sufficient conditions are given for the original problem to be solvable, meanwhile a cooperative global optimal controller with error integral and preview compensation is derived. Finally, the validity of theoretical results is demonstrated by a numerical simulation.

Measuring severe maternal morbidity: validation of potential measures.

PubMed

Main, Elliott K; Abreo, Anisha; McNulty, Jennifer; Gilbert, William; McNally, Colleen; Poeltler, Debra; Lanner-Cusin, Katarina; Fenton, Douglas; Gipps, Theresa; Melsop, Kathryn; Greene, Naomi; Gould, Jeffrey B; Kilpatrick, Sarah

2016-05-01

Both maternal mortality rate and severe maternal morbidity rate have risen significantly in the United Sates. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention introduced International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, criteria for defining severe maternal morbidity with the use of administrative data sources; however, those criteria have not been validated with the use of chart reviews. The primary aim of the current study was to validate the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, criteria for the identification of severe maternal morbidity. This analysis initially required the development of a reproducible set of clinical conditions that were judged to be consistent with severe maternal morbidity to be used as the clinical gold standard for validation. Alternative criteria for severe maternal morbidity were also examined. The 67,468 deliveries that occurred during a 12-month period from 16 participating California hospitals were screened initially for severe maternal morbidity with the presence of any of 4 criteria: (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, diagnosis and procedure codes; (2) prolonged postpartum length of stay (>3 standard deviations beyond the mean length of stay for the California population); (3) any maternal intensive care unit admissions (with the use of hospital billing sources); and (4) the administration of any blood product (with the use of transfusion service data). Complete medical records for all screen-positive cases were examined to determine whether they satisfied the criteria for the clinical gold standard (determined by 4 rounds of a modified Delphi technique). Descriptive and statistical analyses that included area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and C-statistic were performed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, criteria had a reasonably high sensitivity of 0.77 and a positive predictive value of 0.44 with a C-statistic of 0.87. The most important source of false-positive cases were mothers whose only criterion was 1-2 units of blood products. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, criteria screen rate ranged from 0.51-2.45% among hospitals. True positive severe maternal morbidity ranged from 0.05-1.13%. When hospitals were grouped by their neonatal intensive care unit level of care, severe maternal morbidity rates were statistically lower at facilities with lower level neonatal intensive care units (P < .0001). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, criteria can serve as a reasonable administrative metric for measuring severe maternal morbidity at population levels. Caution should be used with the use of these criteria for individual hospitals, because case-mix effects appear to be strong. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

To recognize the use of international standards for making harmonized regulation of medical devices in Asia-pacific.

PubMed

Anand, K; Saini, Ks; Chopra, Y; Binod, Sk

2010-07-01

'Medical Devices' include everything from highly sophisticated, computerized, medical equipment, right down to simple wooden tongue depressors. Regulations embody the public expectations for how buildings and facilities are expected to perform and as such represent public policy. Regulators, who develop and enforce regulations, are empowered to act in the public's interest to set this policy and are ultimately responsible to the public in this regard. Standardization contributes to the basic infrastructure that underpins society including health and environment, while promoting sustainability and good regulatory practice. The international organizations that produce International Standards are the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). With the increasing globalization of markets, International Standards (as opposed to regional or national standards) have become critical to the trading process, ensuring a level playing field for exports, and ensuring that imports meet the internationally recognized levels of performance and safety. The development of standards is done in response to sectors and stakeholders that express a clearly established need for them. An industry sector or other stakeholder group typically communicates its requirement for standards to one of the national members. To be accepted for development, a proposed work item must receive a majority support of the participating members, who verify the global relevance of the proposed item. The regulatory authority (RA) should provide a method for the recognition of international voluntary standards and for public notification of such recognition. The process of recognition may vary from country to country. Recognition may occur by periodic publication of lists of standards that a regulatory authority has found will meet the Essential Principles. In conclusion, International standards, such as, basic standards, group standards, and product standards, are a tool for harmonizing regulatory processes, to assure the safety, quality, and performance of medical devices. Standards represent the opinion of experts from all interested parties, including industry, regulators, users, and others.

78 FR 18321 - International Code Council: The Update Process for the International Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... for Residential Construction in High Wind Regions. ICC 700: National Green Building Standard The..., coordinated, and necessary to regulate the built environment. Federal agencies frequently use these codes and... International Codes and Standards consist of the following: ICC Codes International Building Code. International...

Quantification of transformation products of rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in soils using SPME and GC-MS.

PubMed

Bakaikina, Nadezhda V; Kenessov, Bulat; Ul'yanovskii, Nikolay V; Kosyakov, Dmitry S

2018-07-01

Determination of transformation products (TPs) of rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in soil is highly important for environmental impact assessment of the launches of heavy space rockets from Kazakhstan, Russia, China and India. The method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is advantageous over other known methods due to greater simplicity and cost efficiency. However, accurate quantification of these analytes using HS SPME is limited by the matrix effect. In this research, we proposed using internal standard and standard addition calibrations to achieve proper combination of accuracies of the quantification of key TPs of UDMH and cost efficiency. 1-Trideuteromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (MTA-d3) was used as the internal standard. Internal standard calibration allowed controlling matrix effects during quantification of 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (MTA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in soils with humus content < 1%. Using SPME at 60 °C for 15 min by 65 µm Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber, recoveries of MTA, DMF and NDMA for sandy and loamy soil samples were 91-117, 85-123 and 64-132%, respectively. For improving the method accuracy and widening the range of analytes, standard addition and its combination with internal standard calibration were tested and compared on real soil samples. The combined calibration approach provided greatest accuracies for NDMA, DMF, N-methylformamide, formamide, 1H-pyrazole, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 1H-pyrazole. For determination of 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 2-ethyl-1H-imidazole, 1H-imidazole, 1H-1,2,4-triazole, pyrazines and pyridines, standard addition calibration is more suitable. However, the proposed approach and collected data allow using both approaches simultaneously. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fifth International Standard for Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin (Perfringens) (Clostridium welchii Type A Antitoxin)

PubMed Central

Evans, D. G.; Perkins, F. T.

1963-01-01

The Fifth International Standard Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin (Perfringens) (Clostridium welchii Type A Antitoxin) was prepared from serum from immunized horses. It was freeze-dried in ampoules each containing 1 ml. Seven laboratories collaborated in assaying its potency in terms of the Fourth International Standard by the intravenous inoculation of mice. The geometric mean value, taking the results of all the laboratories, was 270 International Units per ampoule and the maximum variation between laboratories was 15%. In vitro (lecithinase) tests were also done by three laboratories, giving an average of 261 International Units per ampoule. The dry weight contents of ampoules, determined in three laboratories, varied by less than 3%, with an average of 90.35 mg per ampoule. The standard was stable for 120 hours at 56°C. Each ampoule of the Fifth International Standard for Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin (Perfringens) contains 270 International Units, and one International Unit is contained in 0.3346 mg of the International Standard. PMID:14107745

Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard 106-17. Chapter 24. Message Formats

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

strength indicator TCP Transmission Control Protocol TE Traffic Engineering TAI International Atomic Time TLV Type-Length-Value TmNS Telemetry...to a specific radio link. TE Queue Status Report 10 This TLV is used by a radio to report Traffic Engineering (TE) queue levels for each of the 8...24.3.2.6 Traffic Engineering Queue Status Report TLV The TE Queue Status Report TLV shall be used to report the queue levels of the eight

The second international standard for polymyxin B.

PubMed

Lightbown, J W; Thomas, A H; Grab, B; Outschoorn, A S

1973-01-01

Since supplies of the first International Standard for Polymyxin B were exhausted, it was replaced by a second international standard the potency of which was estimated from the results of a collaborative assay carried out by 5 laboratories in 4 countries. The wide variations in the results probably resulted from difficulties experienced in handling the first international standard. The potency finally agreed upon by the collaborating laboratories, on the basis of the overall mean values obtained after rejection of the most discrepant assays, was 8 403 IU/mg. That value was accepted by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (1970), which consequently defined the International Unit of polymyxin B as the activity contained in 0.000119 mg of the second international standard.

The second international standard for polymyxin B*

PubMed Central

Lightbown, J. W.; Thomas, A. H.; Grab, B.; Outschoorn, A. S.

1973-01-01

Since supplies of the first International Standard for Polymyxin B were exhausted, it was replaced by a second international standard the potency of which was estimated from the results of a collaborative assay carried out by 5 laboratories in 4 countries. The wide variations in the results probably resulted from difficulties experienced in handling the first international standard. The potency finally agreed upon by the collaborating laboratories, on the basis of the overall mean values obtained after rejection of the most discrepant assays, was 8 403 IU/mg. That value was accepted by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (1970), which consequently defined the International Unit of polymyxin B as the activity contained in 0.000119 mg of the second international standard. PMID:4350877

A comparison between electromechanical and pneumatic-controlled knee simulators for the investigation of wear of total knee replacements.

PubMed

Abdelgaied, Abdellatif; Fisher, John; Jennings, Louise M

2017-07-01

More robust preclinical experimental wear simulation methods are required in order to simulate a wider range of activities, observed in different patient populations such as younger more active patients, as well as to fully meet and be capable of going well beyond the existing requirements of the relevant international standards. A new six-station electromechanically driven simulator (Simulation Solutions, UK) with five fully independently controlled axes of articulation for each station, capable of replicating deep knee bending as well as other adverse conditions, which can be operated in either force or displacement control with improved input kinematic following, has been developed to meet these requirements. This study investigated the wear of a fixed-bearing total knee replacement using this electromechanically driven fully independent knee simulator and compared it to previous data from a predominantly pneumatically controlled simulator in which each station was not fully independently controlled. In addition, the kinematic performance and the repeatability of the simulators have been investigated and compared to the international standard requirements. The wear rates from the electromechanical and pneumatic knee simulators were not significantly different, with wear rates of 2.6 ± 0.9 and 2.7 ± 0.9 mm 3 /million cycles (MC; mean ± 95% confidence interval, p = 0.99) and 5.4 ± 1.4 and 6.7 ± 1.5 mm 3 /MC (mean ± 95 confidence interval, p = 0.54) from the electromechanical and pneumatic simulators under intermediate levels (maximum 5 mm) and high levels (maximum 10 mm) of anterior-posterior displacements, respectively. However, the output kinematic profiles of the control system, which drive the motion of the simulator, followed the input kinematic profiles more closely on the electromechanical simulator than the pneumatic simulator. In addition, the electromechanical simulator was capable of following kinematic and loading input cycles within the tolerances of the international standard requirements (ISO 14243-3). The new-generation electromechanical knee simulator with fully independent control has the potential to be used for a much wider range of kinematic conditions, including high-flexion and other severe conditions, due to its improved capability and performance in comparison to the previously used pneumatic-controlled simulators.

A comparison between electromechanical and pneumatic-controlled knee simulators for the investigation of wear of total knee replacements

PubMed Central

Abdelgaied, Abdellatif; Fisher, John; Jennings, Louise M

2017-01-01

More robust preclinical experimental wear simulation methods are required in order to simulate a wider range of activities, observed in different patient populations such as younger more active patients, as well as to fully meet and be capable of going well beyond the existing requirements of the relevant international standards. A new six-station electromechanically driven simulator (Simulation Solutions, UK) with five fully independently controlled axes of articulation for each station, capable of replicating deep knee bending as well as other adverse conditions, which can be operated in either force or displacement control with improved input kinematic following, has been developed to meet these requirements. This study investigated the wear of a fixed-bearing total knee replacement using this electromechanically driven fully independent knee simulator and compared it to previous data from a predominantly pneumatically controlled simulator in which each station was not fully independently controlled. In addition, the kinematic performance and the repeatability of the simulators have been investigated and compared to the international standard requirements. The wear rates from the electromechanical and pneumatic knee simulators were not significantly different, with wear rates of 2.6 ± 0.9 and 2.7 ± 0.9 mm3/million cycles (MC; mean ± 95% confidence interval, p = 0.99) and 5.4 ± 1.4 and 6.7 ± 1.5 mm3/MC (mean ± 95 confidence interval, p = 0.54) from the electromechanical and pneumatic simulators under intermediate levels (maximum 5 mm) and high levels (maximum 10 mm) of anterior–posterior displacements, respectively. However, the output kinematic profiles of the control system, which drive the motion of the simulator, followed the input kinematic profiles more closely on the electromechanical simulator than the pneumatic simulator. In addition, the electromechanical simulator was capable of following kinematic and loading input cycles within the tolerances of the international standard requirements (ISO 14243-3). The new-generation electromechanical knee simulator with fully independent control has the potential to be used for a much wider range of kinematic conditions, including high-flexion and other severe conditions, due to its improved capability and performance in comparison to the previously used pneumatic-controlled simulators. PMID:28661228

Standardized sign-out reduces intern perception of medical errors on the general internal medicine ward.

PubMed

Salerno, Stephen M; Arnett, Michael V; Domanski, Jeremy P

2009-01-01

Prior research on reducing variation in housestaff handoff procedures have depended on proprietary checkout software. Use of low-technology standardization techniques has not been widely studied. We wished to determine if standardizing the process of intern sign-out using low-technology sign-out tools could reduce perception of errors and missing handoff data. We conducted a pre-post prospective study of a cohort of 34 interns on a general internal medicine ward. Night interns coming off duty and day interns reassuming care were surveyed on their perception of erroneous sign-out data, mistakes made by the night intern overnight, and occurrences unanticipated by sign-out. Trainee satisfaction with the sign-out process was assessed with a 5-point Likert survey. There were 399 intern surveys performed 8 weeks before and 6 weeks after the introduction of a standardized sign-out form. The response rate was 95% for the night interns and 70% for the interns reassuming care in the morning. After the standardized form was introduced, night interns were significantly (p < .003) less likely to detect missing sign-out data including missing important diseases, contingency plans, or medications. Standardized sign-out did not significantly alter the frequency of dropped tasks or missed lab and X-ray data as perceived by the night intern. However, the day teams thought there were significantly less perceived errors on the part of the night intern (p = .001) after introduction of the standardized sign-out sheet. There was no difference in mean Likert scores of resident satisfaction with sign-out before and after the intervention. Standardized written sign-out sheets significantly improve the completeness and effectiveness of handoffs between night and day interns. Further research is needed to determine if these process improvements are related to better patient outcomes.

25 CFR 543.18 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage, vault, kiosk, cash and cash...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... available upon demand for each day, shift, and drop cycle (this is not required if the system does not track..., beverage containers, etc., into and out of the cage. (j) Variances. The operation must establish, as...

25 CFR 543.18 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage, vault, kiosk, cash and cash...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... available upon demand for each day, shift, and drop cycle (this is not required if the system does not track..., beverage containers, etc., into and out of the cage. (j) Variances. The operation must establish, as...

Global harmonization of food safety regulations: perspectives from Japan after the Fukushima nuclear accident.

PubMed

Yoshida, Mitsuru

2014-08-01

Japanese food self-sufficiency was only 39% on the basis of kcal in 2012, so Japan relies heavily on imported food. Hence the necessity of having international rules on the regulation of food contaminants is important especially for countries like Japan that depend on food imports. A One-Stop-Testing system is desired, in which the test result obtained from a single testing laboratory is accepted as valid worldwide. To establish this system, laboratory accreditation under international standards is a necessary step. Furthermore, the importance of supply of reference materials for internal quality control and proficiency testing for external quality control of each laboratory's analytical system is reviewed in connection with the experience of radioactive nuclide contamination resulting from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Oil Characteristics of Four Palestinian Olive Varieties.

PubMed

Lodolini, Enrico Maria; Polverigiani, Serena; Ali, Saed; Mutawea, Mohammed; Qutub, Mayyada; Arabasi, Taysir; Pierini, Fabio; Abed, Mohammed; Neri, Davide

2017-05-01

Olive oil represents an important source of income for Palestinian farmers in local, national and international markets. Sometimes, olive oil produced in local climatic conditions, does not achieve the International Olive Council (IOC) trade standards so that international markets are precluded. The oil chemical composition and sensory profile of four Palestinian olive varieties (Nabali Baladi, Nabali Mohassan, Souri and K18) were characterized in 2010 throughout an in situ evaluation. Most of the physicchemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition of the varieties met the International Olive Council trade standards (IOC-TS) for extra virgin olive oils. Values of K 270 for Nabali Baladi and linolenic acid for Souri slightly exceeded the limit. Eicosanoic acid exceeded the IOC-TS limits in the oils of all considered varieties. Among the sterols, the Δ-7-stigmastenol resulted too high for Nabali Baladi and Souri. Sensory profile for the tested varieties showed a reminiscence of tomato or artichoke and light to medium bitter and pungent sensations. Results represent an important baseline reference for further studies about oil composition and quality of the main Palestinian olive germplasm and provide indication of potential critical points to be controlled in order to ensure the full achievement of IOC-TS and access international markets.

Importance of implementing an analytical quality control system in a core laboratory.

PubMed

Marques-Garcia, F; Garcia-Codesal, M F; Caro-Narros, M R; Contreras-SanFeliciano, T

2015-01-01

The aim of the clinical laboratory is to provide useful information for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The laboratory should ensure the quality of extra-analytical and analytical process, based on set criteria. To do this, it develops and implements a system of internal quality control, designed to detect errors, and compare its data with other laboratories, through external quality control. In this way it has a tool to detect the fulfillment of the objectives set, and in case of errors, allowing corrective actions to be made, and ensure the reliability of the results. This article sets out to describe the design and implementation of an internal quality control protocol, as well as its periodical assessment intervals (6 months) to determine compliance with pre-determined specifications (Stockholm Consensus(1)). A total of 40 biochemical and 15 immunochemical methods were evaluated using three different control materials. Next, a standard operation procedure was planned to develop a system of internal quality control that included calculating the error of the analytical process, setting quality specifications, and verifying compliance. The quality control data were then statistically depicted as means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation, as well as systematic, random, and total errors. The quality specifications were then fixed and the operational rules to apply in the analytical process were calculated. Finally, our data were compared with those of other laboratories through an external quality assurance program. The development of an analytical quality control system is a highly structured process. This should be designed to detect errors that compromise the stability of the analytical process. The laboratory should review its quality indicators, systematic, random and total error at regular intervals, in order to ensure that they are meeting pre-determined specifications, and if not, apply the appropriate corrective actions. Copyright © 2015 SECA. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

A Broadband Waveguide Transfer Standard for Dissemination of UK National Microwave Power Standards,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

la )PT " RT a where RT is the resistance of the thermistor when the bridge is balanced. Although the thermistor mount is temperature controlled, some...voltage difference V1 - V and Vb - V2 - V then equation la 4 ... . .. mmm mmm mmmmmmmm m m mm mm mmmm m mm A becomes 2V(V - Vb) + V 2 - 2 P a b a b (lb...Weidman, "An international intercomparison of power standards in WR-28 waveguide". Metrologia , 17, June 1981. 4 G F Engen. "A refined X-band microwave

[On the way to national reference system of laboratory medicine].

PubMed

Muravskaia, N P; Men'shikov, V V

2014-10-01

The application of standard samples and reference techniques of implementation of measurements is needed for a valid support of reliability of analyses applied in clinical diagnostic laboratories. They play role of landmarks under metrologic monitoring, calibration of devices and control of quality of results. The article presents analysis of shortcomings interfering with formation of national reference system in Russia harmonized with possibilities provided by international organizations. Among them are the joint Committee on metrologic monitoring in laboratory medicine under the auspices of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, etc. The results of the recent development of national normative documents, standard samples and techniques assisted by the authors of article are considered. They are the first steps to organization of national reference system which would comprise all range of modern analytical technologies of laboratory medicine. The national and international measures are proposed to enhance the promptest resolving of task of organization of national reference system for laboratory medicine in the interests of increasing of effectiveness of medical care to citizen of Russia.

Replacement of the International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin and the Use of the Standard in the Flocculation Test

PubMed Central

Spaun, J.; Lyng, J.

1970-01-01

Since 1935 the International Unit for Tetanus Antitoxin has been defined as the activity contained in a certain weight of the first International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin. As stocks of this standard had become depleted, 11 laboratories in 8 countries were requested to participate in a collaborative assay of a preparation proposed as a replacement. The assay results were analysed and presented to the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in 1969 which established the preparation studied as the second International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin and defined the International Unit for Tetanus Antitoxin as the activity contained in 0.03384 mg of the second International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin. This definition would ensure the continuity of the size of this international unit. The analysis of the collaborative studies also showed that the second International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin has suitable properties for use in the flocculation test for the determination of the antigen content of tetanus toxoids in Lf values. The designation Lf-equivalent is described and the problems relating to the use of this term for the expression of results of in vitro assays are analysed in relation to the use of international units for expressing results of in vivo assays. As the second International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin has an in vivo/in vitro ratio of 1.4, the Lf-equivalent of this antitoxin is 1.4 times less than its unitage. PMID:5310949

Evaluation of a redesign initiative in an internal-medicine residency.

PubMed

McMahon, Graham T; Katz, Joel T; Thorndike, Mary E; Levy, Bruce D; Loscalzo, Joseph

2010-04-08

Several organizations have advocated for comprehensive redesign of graduate medical training, but the effect that residency redesign will have on measures of patient satisfaction, resident and intern (trainee) satisfaction, and patient care is unknown. We designed an experimental inpatient-medicine service with reduced resident workload comprising two teams, with each team consisting of two attending physicians, two residents, and three interns. Attending physicians, selected for their teaching prowess, supervised the teams throughout the workday and during bedside team-teaching rounds. This experimental model was compared with a control model comprising two teams, with each consisting of one resident and two interns, plus multiple supervising attending physicians who volunteered to participate. Patients were alternately assigned to the experimental teams and the control teams, subject to limits on the number of patients interns are allowed to admit. Over a 12-month period, 1892 patients were assigned to the experimental teams and 2096 to the control teams; the average census per intern was 3.5 and 6.6 patients, respectively. Overall satisfaction was significantly higher among trainees on the experimental teams than among those on the control teams (78% and 55%, respectively; P=0.002). As compared with the control teams, the experimental teams were not associated with a higher average length of patient stay or readmission rate; adherence to standards for quality of inpatient care was similar in both groups of teams. Interns on the experimental teams spent more time in learning and teaching activities than did interns on the control teams (learning: 20% of total time vs. 10%, P=0.01; teaching: 8% of total time vs. 2%, P=0.006). As compared with a traditional inpatient care model, an experimental model characterized by reduced trainee workload and increased participation of attending physicians was associated with higher trainee satisfaction and increased time for educational activities. 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society

Refractory post visual internal urethrotomy bleeding managed by angioembolization

PubMed Central

Dhabalia, Jayesh V; Nelivigi, Girish G; Punia, Mahendra Singh; Kumar, Vikash

2010-01-01

Post visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) bleeding is usually treated successfully with local compression. Angioembolization for post VIU bleeding has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge. This is a case report of a 55-year-old man who was referred with persistent per urethral bleeding around a Foley catheter, three days following VIU. When standard methods of treatment were unsuccessful, the bleeding was controlled by embolizing the bulbourethral artery with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. PMID:20351990

Internal Administrative Control: Its Applicability to the Marine Corps.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

activities and units, or ly regulatory and sulervisozy agencies. Ziautz contends that "internal auditing is a very effective source oil mcnitcring in many...to ccapare the perfcrmance cf a functional area with the standards set forth in the SOE, it should be determined if the SCP is 100 currezt and complies...SC 2990’ COMCABWEST El Toro CA 92709 CG Fourth MAW New Orleans LA 70146 CG MCB Camp Lejeune NC 28542 CG MCAGCC Twentynine Palms CA 92278 125

Guidelines for the detection of Trichinella larvae at the slaughterhouse in a quality assurance system.

PubMed

Rossi, Patrizia; Pozio, Edoardo

2008-01-01

The European Community Regulation (EC) No. 2075/2005 lays down specific rules on official controls for the detection of Trichinella in fresh meat for human consumption, recommending the pooled-sample digestion method as the reference method. The aim of this document is to provide specific guidance to implement an appropriate Trichinella digestion method by a laboratory accredited according to the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 international standard, and performing microbiological testing following the EA-04/10:2002 international guideline. Technical requirements for the correct implementation of the method, such as the personnel competence, specific equipments and reagents, validation of the method, reference materials, sampling, quality assurance of results and quality control of performance are provided, pointing out the critical control points for the correct implementation of the digestion method.

Correction for isotopic interferences between analyte and internal standard in quantitative mass spectrometry by a nonlinear calibration function.

PubMed

Rule, Geoffrey S; Clark, Zlatuse D; Yue, Bingfang; Rockwood, Alan L

2013-04-16

Stable isotope-labeled internal standards are of great utility in providing accurate quantitation in mass spectrometry (MS). An implicit assumption has been that there is no "cross talk" between signals of the internal standard and the target analyte. In some cases, however, naturally occurring isotopes of the analyte do contribute to the signal of the internal standard. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced for isotopically rich compounds, such as those containing sulfur, chlorine, or bromine, higher molecular weight compounds, and those at high analyte/internal standard concentration ratio. This can create nonlinear calibration behavior that may bias quantitative results. Here, we propose the use of a nonlinear but more accurate fitting of data for these situations that incorporates one or two constants determined experimentally for each analyte/internal standard combination and an adjustable calibration parameter. This fitting provides more accurate quantitation in MS-based assays where contributions from analyte to stable labeled internal standard signal exist. It can also correct for the reverse situation where an analyte is present in the internal standard as an impurity. The practical utility of this approach is described, and by using experimental data, the approach is compared to alternative fits.

Technology Against Terrorism: The Federal Effort

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

control appli - control and airport security plans. Some difficulties cations, irises of those seeking entry would be have arisen: now that specific...Washington International Air- tion. Among more advanced technologies are four of port as a test-bed. Sandia is applying to airport interest: voice...and 300 by 1999. criteria as well as evaluation standards and proce- In further tests carried out at JFK Airport in New dures for future EDS devices

Efforts and Programs of the Department of Defense Relating to the Prevention, Mitigation, and Treatment of Blast Injuries

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

potential data from health control subjects. Investigators have published three papers on this research; one in Cognitive Neurodynamics and two...included in the Proceedings of the First International Conference on Cognitive Neurodynamics . Prototype Bandage Under Development to Control Hemorrhage...exposures such as blast events. This includes determination of scientifically based tests and standards for cognitive , emotional, and physical duty

RNTCP 2007: looking ahead to future challenges.

PubMed

Chauhan, L S

2007-04-01

The largest TB control programme in terms of patients treated is India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). The treatment success of new smear positive TB cases under RNTCP has exceeded the global benchmark of 85%. Also there are some challenges in TB control programme eg, addressing TB in HIV-infected persons and accurate diagnosis and management of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Diagnosis of MDR-TB requires sophisticated laboratories. If MDR-TB is not managed effectively, then there is possibility to emerge drug-resistant TB which is virtually untreatable. The Public-Private mix initiatives of RNTCP attempt to make quality assured treatment for TB for all patients, regardless of healthcare providers they choose. The International Standards of TB Care (ISTC) is an international effort which has articulated the diagnostic, treatment and public health standards which all providers should hold themselves and their peers accountable to. For providers the path to practise the ISTC is to diagnose and treat patients in collaboration with RNTCP. The IMA has taken up the cause of TB control in India very seriously. This organisation of the doctors (IMA) deserves recognition for becoming the first professional association to endorse the ISTC in India. All health providers should work with and support the RNTCP, so that the programme can be made into a genuine mass movement to fight TB.

Determining the status quo of infection prevention and control standards in the hospitals of iran: a case study in 23 hospitals.

PubMed

Shojaee, Jalil; Moosazadeh, Mahmood

2014-02-01

Applying Prevention and Control of Infection (PCI) standards in hospitals reduces probable risks to patients, staff and visitors; it also increases efficiency, and ultimately improves productivity of hospitals. The current study aimed to determine the status quo of international standards of PCI in hospitals located in the north of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 23 hospitals. Data collection tool was a questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. . In this regard, 260 managers, section supervisors and infection control nurses participated in the study according to census basis. SPSS software version 16 was employed to analyze the data through descriptive and analytical statistics. Among the studied hospitals, 18 hospitals were public. Hospitals enjoyed 77.2% of leadership and programming, 80.8% of focus of programs, 67.4% of isolating methods, 88.2% of hand health and protection techniques, 78.8% of improving patient's safety and quality, 90.3% of training personnel, and 78.7% of the average status quo of PCI standards. This study revealed that PCI standards were significantly observed in the studied hospitals and that there were necessary conditions for full deployment of nosocomial infection surveillance.

Collaborative study for the establishment of the WHO 3(rd) International Standard for Endotoxin, the Ph. Eur. endotoxin biological reference preparation batch 5 and the USP Reference Standard for Endotoxin Lot H0K354.

PubMed

Findlay, L; Desai, T; Heath, A; Poole, S; Crivellone, M; Hauck, W; Ambrose, M; Morris, T; Daas, A; Rautmann, G; Buchheit, K H; Spieser, J M; Terao, E

2015-01-01

An international collaborative study was organised jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO)/National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM/Council of Europe) for the establishment of harmonised replacement endotoxin standards for these 3 organisations. Thirty-five laboratories worldwide, including Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs) and manufacturers enrolled in the study. Three candidate preparations (10/178, 10/190 and 10/196) were produced with the same material and same formulation as the current reference standards with the objective of generating a new (3(rd)) International Standard (IS) with the same potency (10 000 IU/vial) as the current (2(nd)) IS, as well as new European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). and USP standards. The suitability of the candidate preparations to act as the reference standard in assays for endotoxin performed according to compendial methods was evaluated. Their potency was calibrated against the WHO 2(nd) IS for Endotoxin (94/580). Gelation and photometric methods produced similar results for each of the candidate preparations. The overall potency estimates for the 3 batches were comparable. Given the intrinsic assay precision, the observed differences between the batches may be considered unimportant for the intended use of these materials. Overall, these results were in line with those generated for the establishment of the current preparations of reference standards. Accelerated degradation testing of vials stored at elevated temperatures supported the long-term stability of the 3 candidate preparations. It was agreed between the 3 organisations that batch 10/178 be shared between WHO and EDQM and that batches 10/190 and 10/196 be allocated to USP, with a common assigned value of 10 000 IU/vial. This value maintains the continuity of the global harmonisation of reference materials and unitage for the testing of endotoxins in parenteral pharmaceutical products. Based on the results of the collaborative study, batch 10/178 was established by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as the Ph. Eur. Endotoxin Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 5. The same batch was also established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation (ECBS) of WHO as the WHO 3(rd) IS for Endotoxin. Batch 10/190 was adopted as the USP Endotoxin Reference Standard, lot H0K354 and vials from this same batch (10/190) will serve as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Endotoxin Standard, EC-7.

Minutes: Accredited Standards Committee on Acoustics, S1 U.S. Tag for ISO/TC43 Acoustics and IEC/TC29 Electroacoustics

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-02

international arena with respect to noise control technology and noise environmental quality In order to give you soma background into the work of the...14 a) A new working groug _S1/WG2Q Ground Impedance................ 14 b) Air Movement and Control Association. Inc. (AMCA...the Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) on their inquiries concerning ANSI S1.11-1986 Specification for octave-band and fractional-octave-band

Military Standard. Marking Technical Data Prepared by or for the Department of Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-01

Regulations f. ECCN - Export Commodity Control Number g. ED - Executive Order h. FOIA - Freedom of Information Act i. IEP - International Exchange...critical are explicitly covered in the CCL, ",, the Export Commodity Control Number ( ECCN ) reference is provided. In o~ner cases where the ECCN statement...controlling mechanism is in supplement three of the EAR. 3,7 MIL-STD-1806 APPENDIX B A listing such as " ECCN 1355A" means the technology is specifically

Changes of Global Infectious Disease Governance in 2000s: Rise of Global Health Security and Transformation of Infectious Disease Control System in South Korea.

PubMed

Choi, Eun Kyung; Lee, Jong-Koo

2016-12-01

This paper focus upon the changes of global infectious disease governance in 2000s and the transformation of infectious disease control system in South Korea. Traditionally, infectious disease was globally governed by the quarantine regulated by the international conventions. When an infectious disease outbreak occurred in one country, each country prevented transmission of the disease through the standardized quarantine since the installation of international sanitary convention in 1892. Republic of Korea also organized the infectious disease control system with quarantine and disease report procedure after the establishment of government. Additionally, Korea National Health Institute(KNIH) was founded as research and training institute for infectious disease. However, traditional international health regulation system faced a serious challenge by the appearance of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in 1990s. As a result, global infectious disease governance was rapidly changed under the demand to global disease surveillance and response. Moreover, global health security frame became important after 2001 bioterror and 2003 SARS outbreak. Consequently, international health regulation was fully revised in 2005, which included not only infectious disease but also public health emergency. The new international health regime was differently characterized in several aspects; reinforcement of global cooperation and surveillance, enlargement of the role of supranational and international agencies, and reorganization of national capacity. KNIH was reorganized with epidemic control and research since late 1990s. However, in 2004 Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention(KCDC) was established as a disease control institution with combining quarantine and other functions after 2003 SARS outbreak. KCDC unified national function against infectious disease including prevention, protection, response and research, as a national representative in disease control. The establishment of KCDC can be understood as the adoption of new international health regulation system based upon SARS experience.

Control Chart on Semi Analytical Weighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miranda, G. S.; Oliveira, C. C.; Silva, T. B. S. C.; Stellato, T. B.; Monteiro, L. R.; Marques, J. R.; Faustino, M. G.; Soares, S. M. V.; Ulrich, J. C.; Pires, M. A. F.; Cotrim, M. E. B.

2018-03-01

Semi-analytical balance verification intends to assess the balance performance using graphs that illustrate measurement dispersion, trough time, and to demonstrate measurements were performed in a reliable manner. This study presents internal quality control of a semi-analytical balance (GEHAKA BG400) using control charts. From 2013 to 2016, 2 weight standards were monitored before any balance operation. This work intended to evaluate if any significant difference or bias were presented on weighting procedure over time, to check the generated data reliability. This work also exemplifies how control intervals are established.

The Second International Standard for Penicillin*

PubMed Central

Humphrey, J. H.; Mussett, M. V.; Perry, W. L. M.

1953-01-01

In 1950 the Department of Biological Standards, National Institute for Medical Research, London, was authorized by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization to prepare the Second International Standard for Penicillin. A single batch of specially recrystallized sodium penicillin G was obtained and 11 laboratories in seven different countries were requested to take part in its collaborative assay. 112 assays were carried out, of which 101 were done by cup-plate methods using either Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus subtilis. The results were subjected to standard methods of analysis, on the basis of which the authors define the Second International Standard for Penicillin as containing 1,670 International Units (IU) per mg, with limits of error (P = 0.05) of 1,666-1,674 IU/mg. The International Unit is therefore redefined as the activity contained in 0.0005988 mg of the Second International Standard for Penicillin. PMID:13082387

78 FR 54606 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... Combustion Engines; New Source Performance Standards for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines AGENCY... hazardous air pollutants for stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines and the standards of performance for stationary internal combustion engines. Subsequently, the EPA received three petitions for...

ERS/ECDC Statement: European Union standards for tuberculosis care, 2017 update.

PubMed

Migliori, Giovanni Battista; Sotgiu, Giovanni; Rosales-Klintz, Senia; Centis, Rosella; D'Ambrosio, Lia; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Bothamley, Graham; Caminero, Jose Antonio; Cirillo, Daniela Maria; Dara, Masoud; de Vries, Gerard; Aliberti, Stefano; Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan; Duarte, Raquel; Midulla, Fabio; Solovic, Ivan; Subotic, Dragan R; Amicosante, Massimo; Correia, Ana Maria; Cirule, Andra; Gualano, Gina; Kunst, Heinke; Palmieri, Fabrizio; Riekstina, Vija; Tiberi, Simon; Verduin, Remi; van der Werf, Marieke J

2018-05-01

The International Standards for Tuberculosis Care define the essential level of care for managing patients who have or are presumed to have tuberculosis, or are at increased risk of developing the disease. The resources and capacity in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area permit higher standards of care to secure quality and timely TB diagnosis, prevention and treatment. On this basis, the European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ESTC) were published in 2012 as standards specifically tailored to the EU setting. Since the publication of the ESTC, new scientific evidence has become available and, therefore, the standards were reviewed and updated.A panel of international experts, led by a writing group from the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), updated the ESTC on the basis of new published evidence. The underlying principles of these patient-centred standards remain unchanged. The second edition of the ESTC includes 21 standards in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, HIV and comorbidities, and public health and prevention.The ESTC target clinicians and public health workers, provide an easy-to-use resource and act as a guide through all the required activities to ensure optimal diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB. The content of this work is copyright of the authors or their employers. Design and branding are copyright ©ERS 2018.

The International Standard for Anti-Brucella abortus Serum

PubMed Central

Stableforth, A. W.

1954-01-01

In field trials on the eradication of brucellosis from dairy herds in Great Britain, which began in 1933, a serum standard of reference was used for the examination of agglutinating suspensions prepared in different laboratories. In 1937, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) adopted this standard and made recommendations for its use internationally. These recommendations were revised by OIE in 1948, by the Third Inter-American Congress on Brucellosis and by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Panel on Brucellosis in 1950, and again by the latter body in 1952. A new batch equivalent in potency to the original standard was established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in 1952 as the International Standard for Anti-Brucella abortus Serum. The International Standard, or a national standard of equivalent potency, ensures comparability of the titres obtained in different countries by different methods, and the results of such comparisons can be expressed in a simple manner by describing the titres in terms of International Units of Brucella antibody. PMID:13199656

75 FR 66301 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-28

... the Corpus Christi, TX, area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAP) at Corpus Christi International Airport, Corpus Christi, TX. The FAA is taking this action to enhance the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) operations at the...

76 FR 59024 - Federal Government Participation in the Automated Clearing House

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... Act of 2008, account-related information could be shared only for certain types of benefit [[Page... international payment transactions using a new Standard Entry Class Code and to include certain information in... Control (OFAC). In addition, the rule requires financial institutions to provide limited account-related...

25 CFR 900.54 - Should the property management system prescribe internal controls?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... organization's self-determination contract(s) until the property is declared excess to the needs of the... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Standards for Tribal or Tribal Organization Management Systems Property Management...

25 CFR 900.54 - Should the property management system prescribe internal controls?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... organization's self-determination contract(s) until the property is declared excess to the needs of the... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Standards for Tribal or Tribal Organization Management Systems Property Management...

25 CFR 900.54 - Should the property management system prescribe internal controls?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... organization's self-determination contract(s) until the property is declared excess to the needs of the... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Standards for Tribal or Tribal Organization Management Systems Property Management...

40 CFR 124.56 - Fact sheets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Limitations to control toxic pollutants under § 122.44(e) of this chapter; (ii) Limitations on internal waste... specific effluent limitations and conditions or standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, including a... sludge use or disposal as required by § 122.44 and reasons why they are applicable or an explanation of...

40 CFR 124.56 - Fact sheets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Limitations to control toxic pollutants under § 122.44(e) of this chapter; (ii) Limitations on internal waste... specific effluent limitations and conditions or standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, including a... sludge use or disposal as required by § 122.44 and reasons why they are applicable or an explanation of...

US vaccine refrigeration guidelines: loose links in the cold chain.

PubMed

McColloster, Patrick J

2011-05-01

This commentary compares Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for vaccine storage with international cold chain standards. Problems related to the use of domestic refrigerators in clinical settings are discussed. Optimal vaccine refrigerator design characteristics are summarized. The adoption of World Health Organization storage recommendations is advised.

25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

22 CFR 1006.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... official may consider when the cooperation began and whether you disclosed all pertinent information known... corrective action or remedial measures, such as establishing ethics training and implementing programs to... you had effective standards of conduct and internal control systems in place at the time the...

34 CFR 85.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... official may consider when the cooperation began and whether you disclosed all pertinent information known... corrective action or remedial measures, such as establishing ethics training and implementing programs to... you had effective standards of conduct and internal control systems in place at the time the...

22 CFR 1508.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... official may consider when the cooperation began and whether you disclosed all pertinent information known... corrective action or remedial measures, such as establishing ethics training and implementing programs to... you had effective standards of conduct and internal control systems in place at the time the...

22 CFR 208.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... official may consider when the cooperation began and whether you disclosed all pertinent information known... corrective action or remedial measures, such as establishing ethics training and implementing programs to... you had effective standards of conduct and internal control systems in place at the time the...

29 CFR 1471.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... disclosed all pertinent information known to you. (j) Whether the wrongdoing was pervasive within your... organization took appropriate corrective action or remedial measures, such as establishing ethics training and.... (p) Whether you had effective standards of conduct and internal control systems in place at the time...

Vocabulary and Health Care Information Technology: State of the Art.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cimino, James J.

1995-01-01

Reviews the controlled medical vocabularies available today and some of the reasons why they have failed to meet the needs of application developers. Topics include standard vocabularies, including International Classification of Diseases and Medical Subject Headings; uses of vocabularies in medical computing; current research; and remaining…

25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... keno? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation and/or... restricted transaction log or computer storage media concurrently with the generation of the ticket. (3) Keno personnel shall be precluded from having access to the restricted transaction log or computer storage media...

25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... keno? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation and/or... restricted transaction log or computer storage media concurrently with the generation of the ticket. (3) Keno personnel shall be precluded from having access to the restricted transaction log or computer storage media...

40 CFR 63.9375 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart. Engine means any internal.... Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control... potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded. Failures that are...

40 CFR 63.9375 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart. Engine means any internal.... Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control... potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded. Failures that are...

40 CFR 63.9375 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart. Engine means any internal.... Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control... potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded. Failures that are...

40 CFR 63.9375 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart. Engine means any internal.... Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control... potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded. Failures that are...

Emerging developments in the standardized chemical characterization of indoor air quality.

PubMed

Nehr, Sascha; Hösen, Elisabeth; Tanabe, Shin-Ichi

2017-01-01

Despite the fact that the special characteristics of indoor air pollution make closed environments quite different from outdoor environments, the conceptual ideas for assessing air quality indoors and outdoors are similar. Therefore, the elaboration of International Standards for air quality characterization in view of controlling indoor air quality should resort to this common basis. In this short review we describe the possibilities of standardization of tools dedicated to indoor air quality characterization with a focus on the tools permitting to study the indoor air chemistry. The link between indoor exposure and health as well as the critical processes driving the indoor air quality are introduced. Available International Standards for the assessment of indoor air quality are depicted. The standards comprise requirements for the sampling on site, the analytical procedures, and the determination of material emissions. To date, these standardized procedures assure that indoor air, settled dust and material samples are analyzed in a comparable manner. However, existing International Standards exclusively specify conventional, event-driven target-screening using discontinuous measurement methods for long-lived pollutants. Therefore, this review draws a parallel between physico-chemical processes in indoor and outdoor environments. The achievements in atmospheric sciences also improve our understanding of indoor environments. The community of atmospheric scientists can be both ideal and supporter for researchers in the area of indoor air quality characterization. This short review concludes with propositions for future standardization activities for the chemical characterization of indoor air quality. Future standardization efforts should focus on: (i) the elaboration of standardized measurement methods and measurement strategies for online monitoring of long-lived and short-lived pollutants, (ii) the assessment of the potential and the limitations of non-target screening, (iii) the paradigm shift from event-driven investigations to systematic approaches to characterize indoor environments, and (iv) the development of tools for policy implementation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Establishment and validation of analytical reference panels for the standardization of quantitative BCR-ABL1 measurements on the international scale.

PubMed

White, Helen E; Hedges, John; Bendit, Israel; Branford, Susan; Colomer, Dolors; Hochhaus, Andreas; Hughes, Timothy; Kamel-Reid, Suzanne; Kim, Dong-Wook; Modur, Vijay; Müller, Martin C; Pagnano, Katia B; Pane, Fabrizio; Radich, Jerry; Cross, Nicholas C P; Labourier, Emmanuel

2013-06-01

Current guidelines for managing Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia include monitoring the expression of the BCR-ABL1 (breakpoint cluster region/c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) fusion gene by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Our goal was to establish and validate reference panels to mitigate the interlaboratory imprecision of quantitative BCR-ABL1 measurements and to facilitate global standardization on the international scale (IS). Four-level secondary reference panels were manufactured under controlled and validated processes with synthetic Armored RNA Quant molecules (Asuragen) calibrated to reference standards from the WHO and the NIST. Performance was evaluated in IS reference laboratories and with non-IS-standardized RT-qPCR methods. For most methods, percent ratios for BCR-ABL1 e13a2 and e14a2 relative to ABL1 or BCR were robust at 4 different levels and linear over 3 logarithms, from 10% to 0.01% on the IS. The intraassay and interassay imprecision was <2-fold overall. Performance was stable across 3 consecutive lots, in multiple laboratories, and over a period of 18 months to date. International field trials demonstrated the commutability of the reagents and their accurate alignment to the IS within the intra- and interlaboratory imprecision of IS-standardized methods. The synthetic calibrator panels are robust, reproducibly manufactured, analytically calibrated to the WHO primary standards, and compatible with most BCR-ABL1 RT-qPCR assay designs. The broad availability of secondary reference reagents will further facilitate interlaboratory comparative studies and independent quality assessment programs, which are of paramount importance for worldwide standardization of BCR-ABL1 monitoring results and the optimization of current and new therapeutic approaches for chronic myeloid leukemia. © 2013 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

Framework for establishing records control in hospitals as an ISO 9001 requirement.

PubMed

Al-Qatawneh, Lina

2017-02-13

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the process followed to control records in a Jordanian private community hospital as an ISO 9001:2008 standard requirement. Design/methodology/approach Under the hospital quality council's supervision, the quality management and development office staff were responsible for designing, planning and implementing the quality management system (QMS) using the ISO 9001:2008 standard. A policy for records control was established. An action plan for establishing the records control was developed and implemented. On completion, a coding system for records was specified to be used by hospital staff. Finally, an internal audit was performed to verify conformity to the ISO 9001:2008 standard requirements. Findings Successful certification by a neutral body ascertained that the hospital's QMS conformed to the ISO 9001:2008 requirements. A framework was developed that describes the records controlling process, which can be used by staff in any healthcare organization wanting to achieve ISO 9001:2008 accreditation. Originality/value Given the increased interest among healthcare organizations to achieve the ISO 9001 certification, the proposed framework for establishing records control is developed and is expected to be a valuable management tool to improve and sustain healthcare quality.

Architecture of conference control functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kausar, Nadia; Crowcroft, Jon

1999-11-01

Conference control is an integral part in many-to-many communications that is used to manage and co-ordinate multiple users in conferences. There are different types of conferences which require different types of control. Some of the features of conference control may be user invoked while others are for internal management of a conference. In recent years, ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) have standardized two main models of conferencing, each system providing a set of conference control functionalities that are not easily provided in the other one. This paper analyzes the main activities appropriate for different types of conferences and presents an architecture for conference control called GCCP (Generic Conference Control Protocol). GCCP interworks different types of conferencing and provides a set of conference control functions that can be invoked by users directly. As an example of interworking, interoperation of IETF's SIP and ITU's H.323 call control functions have been examined here. This paper shows that a careful analysis of a conferencing architecture can provide a set of control functions essential for any group communication model that can be extensible if needed.

Improving the efficiency of quantitative (1)H NMR: an innovative external standard-internal reference approach.

PubMed

Huang, Yande; Su, Bao-Ning; Ye, Qingmei; Palaniswamy, Venkatapuram A; Bolgar, Mark S; Raglione, Thomas V

2014-01-01

The classical internal standard quantitative NMR (qNMR) method determines the purity of an analyte by the determination of a solution containing the analyte and a standard. Therefore, the standard must meet the requirements of chemical compatibility and lack of resonance interference with the analyte as well as a known purity. The identification of such a standard can be time consuming and must be repeated for each analyte. In contrast, the external standard qNMR method utilizes a standard with a known purity to calibrate the NMR instrument. The external standard and the analyte are measured separately, thereby eliminating the matter of chemical compatibility and resonance interference between the standard and the analyte. However, the instrumental factors, including the quality of NMR tubes, must be kept the same. Any deviations will compromise the accuracy of the results. An innovative qNMR method reported herein utilizes an internal reference substance along with an external standard to assume the role of the standard used in the traditional internal standard qNMR method. In this new method, the internal reference substance must only be chemically compatible and be free of resonance-interference with the analyte or external standard whereas the external standard must only be of a known purity. The exact purity or concentration of the internal reference substance is not required as long as the same quantity is added to the external standard and the analyte. The new method reduces the burden of searching for an appropriate standard for each analyte significantly. Therefore the efficiency of the qNMR purity assay increases while the precision of the internal standard method is retained. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Meeting the requirements of importing countries: practice and policy for on-farm approaches to food safety.

PubMed

Dagg, P J; Butler, R J; Murray, J G; Biddle, R R

2006-08-01

In light of the increasing consumer demand for safe, high-quality food and recent public health concerns about food-borne illness, governments and agricultural industries are under pressure to provide comprehensive food safety policies and programmes consistent with international best practice. Countries that export food commodities derived from livestock must meet both the requirements of the importing country and domestic standards. It is internationally accepted that end-product quality control, and similar methods aimed at ensuring food safety, cannot adequately ensure the safety of the final product. To achieve an acceptable level of food safety, governments and the agricultural industry must work collaboratively to provide quality assurance systems, based on sound risk management principles, throughout the food supply chain. Quality assurance systems on livestock farms, as in other parts of the food supply chain, should address food safety using hazard analysis critical control point principles. These systems should target areas including biosecurity, disease monitoring and reporting, feedstuff safety, the safe use of agricultural and veterinary chemicals, the control of potential food-borne pathogens and traceability. They should also be supported by accredited training programmes, which award certification on completion, and auditing programmes to ensure that both local and internationally recognised guidelines and standards continue to be met. This paper discusses the development of policies for on-farm food safety measures and their practical implementation in the context of quality assurance programmes, using the Australian beef industry as a case study.

Electric Vehicle Communication Standards Testing and Validation Phase I: SAE J2847/1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pratt, Richard M.; Tuffner, Francis K.; Gowri, Krishnan

Executive Summary Vehicle to grid communication standards are critical to the charge management and interoperability among vehicles, charging stations and utility providers. Several standards initiatives by the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE), International Standards Organization and International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC), and ZigBee / HomePlug Alliance are developing requirements for communication messages and protocols. While the standard development is in progress for more than two years, no definitive guidelines are available for the automobile manufacturers, charging station manufacturers and utility backhaul network systems. At present, there is a wide range of proprietary communication options developed and supported in the industry. Recentmore » work by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in collaboration with SAE and automobile manufacturers has identified performance requirements and test plan based on possible communication pathways using power line communication over the control pilot and mains. Though the communication pathways and power line communication technology options are identified, much work needs to be done in developing application software and testing of communication modules before these can be deployed in production vehicles. This report presents a test plan and results from initial testing of two power line communication modules developed to meet the requirements of SAE J2847/1 standard.« less

Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions.

PubMed

Ospelkaus, C; Warring, U; Colombe, Y; Brown, K R; Amini, J M; Leibfried, D; Wineland, D J

2011-08-10

Control over physical systems at the quantum level is important in fields as diverse as metrology, information processing, simulation and chemistry. For trapped atomic ions, the quantized motional and internal degrees of freedom can be coherently manipulated with laser light. Similar control is difficult to achieve with radio-frequency or microwave radiation: the essential coupling between internal degrees of freedom and motion requires significant field changes over the extent of the atoms' motion, but such changes are negligible at these frequencies for freely propagating fields. An exception is in the near field of microwave currents in structures smaller than the free-space wavelength, where stronger gradients can be generated. Here we first manipulate coherently (on timescales of 20 nanoseconds) the internal quantum states of ions held in a microfabricated trap. The controlling magnetic fields are generated by microwave currents in electrodes that are integrated into the trap structure. We also generate entanglement between the internal degrees of freedom of two atoms with a gate operation suitable for general quantum computation; the entangled state has a fidelity of 0.76(3), where the uncertainty denotes standard error of the mean. Our approach, which involves integrating the quantum control mechanism into the trapping device in a scalable manner, could be applied to quantum information processing, simulation and spectroscopy.

Evaluation of the quality of sandalwood essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Howes, Melanie-Jayne R; Simmonds, Monique S J; Kite, Geoffrey C

2004-03-05

Trade and historic oils from 'sandalwoods', labelled as Amyris balsamifera, Eremophila mitchelli, Fusanus acuminatus (= Santalum acuminatum), Santalum album, S. austrocaledonicum, S. latifolium, S. spicatum and S. yasi, were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using GC-MS, none of the oils assessed complied with the internationally recognised standard of a 90% santalol content, and only about half of the trade sandalwood oils met with recent International Organisation for Standardisation standards. The majority of trade oils, reportedly from S. album, contained approximately 50-70% santalols (Z-alpha and Z-beta). Thus, the internationally recognised specification (90% santalols) for S. album requires re-evaluation by more efficient analysis methods. In view of the issues associated with the quality of sandalwood oils being traded, specifications of > or = 43% Z-alpha-santalol and > or = 18% Z-beta-santalol for S. album oil estimated by GC-MS are suggested. GC-MS are recommended as it assists with authentication and quality control issues associated with sandalwood oils.

Examining Mars with SPICE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Acton, Charles H.; Bachman, Nathaniel J.; Bytof, Jeff A.; Semenov, Boris V.; Taber, William; Turner, F. Scott; Wright, Edward D.

1999-01-01

The International Mars Conference highlights the wealth of scientific data now and soon to be acquired from an international armada of Mars-bound robotic spacecraft. Underlying the planning and interpretation of these scientific observations around and upon Mars are ancillary data and associated software needed to deal with trajectories or locations, instrument pointing, timing and Mars cartographic models. The NASA planetary community has adopted the SPICE system of ancillary data standards and allied tools to fill the need for consistent, reliable access to these basic data and a near limitless range of derived parameters. After substantial rapid growth in its formative years, the SPICE system continues to evolve today to meet new needs and improve ease of use. Adaptations to handle landers and rovers were prototyped on the Mars pathfinder mission and will next be used on Mars '01-'05. Incorporation of new methods to readily handle non-inertial reference frames has vastly extended the capability and simplified many computations. A translation of the SPICE Toolkit software suite to the C language has just been announced. To further support cartographic calculations associated with Mars exploration the SPICE developers at JPL have recently been asked by NASA to work with cartographers to develop standards and allied software for storing and accessing control net and shape model data sets; these will be highly integrated with existing SPICE components. NASA specifically supports the widest possible utilization of SPICE capabilities throughout the international space science community. With NASA backing the Russian Space Agency and Russian Academy of Science adopted the SPICE standards for the Mars 96 mission. The SPICE ephemeris component will shortly become the international standard for agencies using the Deep Space Network. U.S. and European scientists hope that ESA will employ SPICE standards on the Mars Express mission. SPICE is an open set of standards, and all related specifications and software are freely distributed around the world. This poster describes the current state of SPICE system development, with special emphasis on current and planned support for Mars exploration missions.

Tuberculosis in a South African prison – a transmission modelling analysis

PubMed Central

Johnstone-Robertson, Simon; Lawn, Stephen D; Welte, Alex; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Wood, Robin

2015-01-01

Background Prisons are recognised internationally as institutions with very high tuberculosis (TB) burdens where transmission is predominantly determined by contact between infectious and susceptible prisoners. A recent South African court case described the conditions under which prisoners awaiting trial were kept. With the use of these data, a mathematical model was developed to explore the interactions between incarceration conditions and TB control measures. Methods Cell dimensions, cell occupancy, lock-up time, TB incidence and treatment delays were derived from court evidence and judicial reports. Using the Wells-Riley equation and probability analyses of contact between prisoners, we estimated the current TB transmission probability within prison cells, and estimated transmission probabilities of improved levels of case finding in combination with implementation of national and international minimum standards for incarceration. Results Levels of overcrowding (230%) in communal cells and poor TB case finding result in annual TB transmission risks of 90% per annum. Implementing current national or international cell occupancy recommendations would reduce TB transmission probabilities by 30% and 50%, respectively. Improved passive case finding, modest ventilation increase or decreased lock-up time would minimally impact on transmission if introduced individually. However, active case finding together with implementation of minimum national and international standards of incarceration could reduce transmission by 50% and 94%, respectively. Conclusions Current conditions of detention for awaiting-trial prisoners are highly conducive for spread of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Combinations of simple well-established scientific control measures should be implemented urgently. PMID:22272961

Protected interoperability of telecommunications and digital products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hampel, Viktor E.; Cartier, Gene N.; Craft, James P.

1994-11-01

New federal standards for the protection of sensitive data now make it possible to ensure the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of digital products, and non-repudiation of digital telecommunications. Under review and comment since 1991, the new Federal standards were confirmed this year and provide standard means for the protection of voice and data communications from accidental and wilful abuse. The standards are initially tailored to protect only `sensitive-but-unclassified' (SBU) data in compliance with the Computer Security Act of 1987. These data represent the majority of transactions in electronic commerce, including sensitive procurement information, trade secrets, financial data, product definitions, and company-proprietary information classified as `intellectual property.' Harmonization of the new standards with international requirements is in progress. In the United States, the confirmation of the basic standards marks the beginning of a long-range program to assure discretionary and mandatory access controls to digital resources. Upwards compatibility into the classified domain with multi-level security is a core requirement of the National Information Infrastructure. In this report we review the powerful capabilities of standard Public-Key-Cryptology, the availability of commercial and Federal products for data protection, and make recommendations for their cost-effective use to assure reliable telecommunications and process controls.

Implementation of Energy Code Controls Requirements in New Commercial Buildings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosenberg, Michael I.; Hart, Philip R.; Hatten, Mike

Most state energy codes in the United States are based on one of two national model codes; ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 (Standard 90.1) or the International Code Council (ICC) International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). Since 2004, covering the last four cycles of Standard 90.1 updates, about 30% of all new requirements have been related to building controls. These requirements can be difficult to implement and verification is beyond the expertise of most building code officials, yet the assumption in studies that measure the savings from energy codes is that they are implemented and working correctly. The objective of the current research ismore » to evaluate the degree to which high impact controls requirements included in commercial energy codes are properly designed, commissioned and implemented in new buildings. This study also evaluates the degree to which these control requirements are realizing their savings potential. This was done using a three-step process. The first step involved interviewing commissioning agents to get a better understanding of their activities as they relate to energy code required controls measures. The second involved field audits of a sample of commercial buildings to determine whether the code required control measures are being designed, commissioned and correctly implemented and functioning in new buildings. The third step includes compilation and analysis of the information gather during the first two steps. Information gathered during these activities could be valuable to code developers, energy planners, designers, building owners, and building officials.« less

Developing and implementing a computerized nursing quality control system in a tertiary general medical center in Israel.

PubMed

Kagan, Ilya; Cohen, Rachel; Fish, Miri; Mezare, Henia Perry

2014-01-01

This article describes the development and implementation of the Nursing Quality Indicators Scale and a quality control system for hospital nursing care, which allows universal access to all external and internal audit results, thus ensuring complete data transparency. Standardized indicators make departments' performance comparable. Key to the new system is nurses' self-audit and responsibility for making quality improvements at the ward level.

On the internal target model in a tracking task

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caglayan, A. K.; Baron, S.

1981-01-01

An optimal control model for predicting operator's dynamic responses and errors in target tracking ability is summarized. The model, which predicts asymmetry in the tracking data, is dependent on target maneuvers and trajectories. Gunners perception, decision making, control, and estimate of target positions and velocity related to crossover intervals are discussed. The model provides estimates for means, standard deviations, and variances for variables investigated and for operator estimates of future target positions and velocities.

Crosstalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering. Volume 22, Number 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

international standard for information security management systems like ISO /IEC 27001 :2005 [1] existed. Since that time, the organization has developed control...of ISO /IEC 27001 and the desire to make decisions based on business value and risk has prompted Ford’s IT Security and Controls organi- zation to begin...their conventional application security operation.u References 1. ISO /IEC 27001 :2005. “Information Technology – Security Techniques – Information

CTEPP STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF SURROGATE RECOVERY STANDARD AND INTERNAL STANDARD SOLUTIONS FOR NEUTRAL TARGET ANALYTES (SOP-5.25)

EPA Science Inventory

This standard operating procedure describes the method used for preparing internal standard, surrogate recovery standard and calibration standard solutions for neutral analytes used for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.

Using standardized patients to evaluate hospital-based intervention outcomes.

PubMed

Li, Li; Lin, Chunqing; Guan, Jihui

2014-06-01

The standardized patient approach has proved to be an effective training tool for medical educators. This article explains the process of employing standardized patients in an HIV stigma reduction intervention in healthcare settings in China. The study was conducted in 40 hospitals in two provinces of China. One year after the stigma reduction intervention, standardized patients made unannounced visits to participating hospitals, randomly approached service providers on duty and presented symptoms related to HIV and disclosed HIV-positive test results. After each visit, the standardized patients evaluated their providers' attitudes and behaviours using a structured checklist. Standardized patients also took open-ended observation notes about their experience and the evaluation process. Seven standardized patients conducted a total of 217 assessments (108 from 20 hospitals in the intervention condition; 109 from 20 hospitals in the control condition). Based on a comparative analysis, the intervention hospitals received a better rating than the control hospitals in terms of general impression and universal precaution compliance as well as a lower score on stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours toward the standardized patients. Standardized patients are a useful supplement to traditional self-report assessments, particularly for measuring intervention outcomes that are sensitive or prone to social desirability. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.

Ultrasonication extraction and gel permeation chromatography clean-up for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oil by an isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Wang, Jian-Hua; Guo, Cui

2010-07-09

An analytical method for the determination of US EPA priority pollutant 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oil was developed by an isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Extraction was performed with ultrasonication mode using acetonitrile as solvent, and subsequent clean-up was applied using narrow gel permeation chromatographic column. Three deuterated PAHs surrogate standards were used as internal standards for quantification and analytical quality control. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were globally below 0.5 ng/g, the recoveries were in the range of 81-96%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 20%. Further trueness assessment of the method was also verified through participation in international cocoa butter proficiency test (T0638) organised by the FAPAS with excellent results in 2008. The results obtained with the described method were satisfying (z ≤ 2). The method has been applied to determine PAH in real edible oil samples.

KSC Center Director Bridges accepts an ISO 9001 certificate from DNV

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Center Director Roy Bridges displays the ISO 9001 certificate he was awarded by Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Inc., an international ISO certification organization, at a ceremony at KSC. Dalton Lyon of DNV made the presentation, which included a 2000th ISO Certificate Plaque. ISO 9001 comprises the most detailed, comprehensive set of standard requirements for quality programs established by the International Standards Organization. The presentation followed a successful independent audit by DNV of the KSC Management System in May of this year. The third-party auditors examined about 20 elements of KSC's system, including management responsibility, design control, documentation, test and inspection, and corrective action procedures. DNV found that KSC met or exceeded the stringent quality standards in all areas. KSC will use this certification as a tool to improve an already world-class team. All NASA centers are required by NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin to be ISO 9001 registered by September 1999. NASA is the first federal agency to seek the quality certification.

Distribution of the two-sample t-test statistic following blinded sample size re-estimation.

PubMed

Lu, Kaifeng

2016-05-01

We consider the blinded sample size re-estimation based on the simple one-sample variance estimator at an interim analysis. We characterize the exact distribution of the standard two-sample t-test statistic at the final analysis. We describe a simulation algorithm for the evaluation of the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis at given treatment effect. We compare the blinded sample size re-estimation method with two unblinded methods with respect to the empirical type I error, the empirical power, and the empirical distribution of the standard deviation estimator and final sample size. We characterize the type I error inflation across the range of standardized non-inferiority margin for non-inferiority trials, and derive the adjusted significance level to ensure type I error control for given sample size of the internal pilot study. We show that the adjusted significance level increases as the sample size of the internal pilot study increases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

KSC-98pc907

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-08-11

Center Director Roy Bridges displays the ISO 9001 certificate he was awarded by Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Inc., an international ISO certification organization, at a ceremony at KSC. Dalton Lyon of DNV made the presentation, which included a 2000th ISO Certificate Plaque. ISO 9001 comprises the most detailed, comprehensive set of standard requirements for quality programs established by the International Standards Organization. The presentation followed a successful independent audit by DNV of the KSC Management System in May of this year. The third-party auditors examined about 20 elements of KSC's system, including management responsibility, design control, documentation, test and inspection, and corrective action procedures. DNV found that KSC met or exceeded the stringent quality standards in all areas. KSC will use this certification as a tool to improve an already world-class team. All NASA centers are required by NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin to be ISO 9001 registered by September 1999. NASA is the first federal agency to seek the quality certification

KSC-98pc908

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-08-11

Center Director Roy Bridges (right) displays the 2000th ISO Certificate Plaque he was given by Dalton Lyon (left) of Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Inc., an international ISO certification organization, at a ceremony at KSC. The plaque is a representation of the ISO 9001 certification awarded to KSC by DNV. ISO 9001 comprises the most detailed, comprehensive set of standard requirements for quality programs established by the International Standards Organization. The presentation followed a successful independent audit by DNV of the KSC Management System in May of this year. The third-party auditors examined about 20 elements of KSC's system, including management responsibility, design control, documentation, test and inspection, and corrective action procedures. DNV found that KSC met or exceeded the stringent quality standards in all areas. KSC will use this certification as a tool to improve an already worldclass team. All NASA centers are required by NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin to be ISO 9001 registered by September 1999. NASA is the first federal agency to seek the quality certification

International Standardization of Bed Rest Standard Measures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cromwell, Ronita L.

2010-01-01

This slide presentation gives an overview of the standardization of bed rest measures. The International Countermeasures Working Group attempted to define and agree internationally on standard measurements for spaceflight based bed rest studies. The group identified the experts amongst several stakeholder agencys. It included information on exercise, muscle, neurological, psychological, bone and cardiovascular measures.

Data Set for the Reporting of Carcinomas of the Cervix: Recommendations From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR).

PubMed

McCluggage, W Glenn; Judge, Meagan J; Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel; Duggan, Máire A; Horn, Lars-Christian; Hui, Pei; Ordi, Jaume; Otis, Christopher N; Park, Kay J; Plante, Marie; Stewart, Colin J R; Wiredu, Edwin K; Rous, Brian; Hirschowitz, Lynn

2018-05-01

A comprehensive pathologic report is essential for optimal patient management, cancer staging and prognostication. In many countries, proforma reports are used but the content of these is variable. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is an alliance formed by the Royal Colleges of Pathologists of Australasia and the United Kingdom, the College of American Pathologists, the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer and the European Society of Pathology, for the purpose of developing standardized, evidence-based reporting data sets for each cancer site. This will reduce the global burden of cancer data set development and reduplication of effort by different international institutions that commission, publish and maintain standardized cancer-reporting data sets. The resultant standardization of cancer-reporting benefits not only those countries directly involved in the collaboration but also others not in a position to develop their own data sets. We describe the development of an evidence-based cancer data set by the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting expert panel for the reporting of primary cervical carcinomas and present the "required" and "recommended" elements to be included in the pathology report as well as an explanatory commentary. This data set encompasses the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Union for International Cancer Control staging systems for cervical neoplasms and the updated World Health Organization classification of gynecologic tumors. The data set also addresses controversial issues such as tumor grading and measurement, including measurement of multifocal carcinomas. The widespread implementation of this data set will facilitate consistent and accurate data collection, comparison of epidemiological and pathologic parameters between different populations, facilitate research, and hopefully result in improved patient management.

External and internal factors influencing happiness in elite collegiate athletes.

PubMed

Denny, Katherine G; Steiner, Hans

2009-03-01

When under conditions of high demand and allostatic load, are happiness and satisfaction in four domains (family, friends, academics, recreation) influenced more by external or internal factors? Do student-athletes who lead exceedingly complicated lives report happiness as a function of athletic achievement or internal disposition? Stanford student-athletes (N=140) were studied with a standardized questionnaire which examined internal factors ((1) locus of control, (2) mindfulness, (3) self-restraint, and (4) self-esteem) to see whether they better account for happiness than external factors (playing time, scholarship). As predicted, internal factors were more powerful correlates of happiness when holding constant demographics. Regression models differed for different aspects of happiness, but the main postulated result of internal versus external was maintained throughout. These findings have implications for how well athletes cope with adversity which, in turn, could shed light on the development of traits that may provide a buffer against adversity and build resilience.

The International Standard for Aureomycin

PubMed Central

Humphrey, J. H.; Lightbown, J. W.; Mussett, M. V.; Perry, W. L. M.

1953-01-01

In 1950, the Department of Biological Standards, National Institute for Medical Research, London, was authorized by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization to proceed with the establishment of an International Standard for Aureomycin. A 100-g batch of aureomycin was obtained and was compared with the Standard Preparation of Aureomycin of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in a collaborative assay in which six laboratories in five countries participated. In all, 30 assays were carried out; 26 of these were done by biological methods, using Sarcina lutea, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, or Bacillus cereus, and the remaining four by physicochemical methods. The results were subjected to standard methods of analysis, and the overall weighted mean potency (calculated from the biological assays only) was 1.0139, with limits of error of 99.5% to 100.5%. Since the International Standard is 1.39% more potent than the FDA Standard Preparation, it is probable that the latter contains a small amount of inert material; it is also possible that the International Standard itself is not 100% pure. For most practical purposes, however, both preparations may be regarded as substantially pure, and it is considered that to alter the present practice of quoting aureomycin dosage in metric units of weight would be inadvisable. Nevertheless, since the International Standard may not be a pure substance, a unit notation—for use where required in bioassays—is desirable, and the International Unit of Aureomycin has therefore been defined as the activity contained in one microgram of the International Standard. PMID:13141137

Assessing the properties of internal standards for quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of small molecules.

PubMed

Sleno, Lekha; Volmer, Dietrich A

2006-01-01

Growing interest in the ability to conduct quantitative assays for small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been the driving force for several recent studies. This present work includes the investigation of internal standards for these analyses using a high-repetition rate MALDI triple quadrupole instrument. Certain physicochemical properties are assessed for predicting possible matches for internal standards for different small molecules. The importance of similar molecular weight of an internal standard to its analyte is seen through experiments with a series of acylcarnitines, having a fixed charge site and growing alkyl chain length. Both acetyl- and hexanoyl-carnitine were systematically assessed with several other acylcarnitine compounds as internal standards. The results clearly demonstrate that closely matched molecular weights between analyte and internal standard are essential for acceptable quantitation results. Using alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as the organic matrix, the similarities between analyte and internal standard remain the most important parameter and not necessarily their even distribution within the solid sample spot. Several 4-quinolone antibiotics as well as a diverse group of pharmaceutical drugs were tested as internal standards for the 4-quinolone, ciprofloxacin. Quantitative results were shown using the solution-phase properties, log D and pKa, of these molecules. Their distribution coefficients, log D, are demonstrated as a fundamental parameter for similar crystallization patterns of analyte and internal standard. In the end, it was also possible to quantify ciprofloxacin using a drug from a different compound class, namely quinidine, having a similar log D value as the analyte. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Study on Quality Standard of Processed Curcuma Longa Radix

PubMed Central

Zhao, Yongfeng; Quan, Liang; Zhou, Haiting; Cao, Dong; Li, Wenbing; Yang, Zhuo

2017-01-01

To control the quality of Curcuma Longa Radix by establishing quality standards, this paper increased the contents of extract and volatile oil determination. Meanwhile, the curcumin was selected as the internal marker, and the relative correlation factors (RCFs) of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of multicomponents were calculated based on their RCFs. The rationality and feasibility of the methods were evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method (ESM) and quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker (QAMS). Ethanol extracts ranged from 9.749 to 15.644% and the mean value was 13.473%. The volatile oil ranged from 0.45 to 0.90 mL/100 g and the mean value was 0.66 mL/100 g. This method was accurate and feasible and could provide a reference for further comprehensive and effective control of the quality standard of Curcuma Longa Radix and its processed products. PMID:29375640

Meta-audit of laboratory ISO accreditation inspections: measuring the old emperor's clothes.

PubMed

Wilson, Ian G; Smye, Michael; Wallace, Ian J C

2016-02-01

Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025 is required for EC official food control and veterinary laboratories by Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004. Measurements in hospital laboratories and clinics are increasingly accredited to ISO/IEC 15189. Both of these management standards arose from command and control military standards for factory inspection during World War II. They rely on auditing of compliance and have not been validated internally as assessment bodies require of those they accredit. Neither have they been validated to criteria outside their own ideology such as the Cochrane principles of evidence-based medicine which might establish whether any benefit exceeds their cost. We undertook a retrospective meta-audit over 14 years of internal and external laboratory audits that checked compliance with ISO 17025 in a public health laboratory. Most noncompliances arose solely from clauses in the standard and would not affect users. No effect was likely from 91% of these. Fewer than 1% of noncompliances were likely to have consequences for the validity of results or quality of service. The ISO system of compliance auditing has the performance characteristics of a poor screening test. It adds substantially to costs and generates more noise (false positives) than informative signal. Ethical use of resources indicates that management standards should not be used unless proven to deliver the efficacy, effectiveness, and value required of modern healthcare interventions. © 2015 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Validation and long-term evaluation of a modified on-line chiral analytical method for therapeutic drug monitoring of (R,S)-methadone in clinical samples.

PubMed

Ansermot, Nicolas; Rudaz, Serge; Brawand-Amey, Marlyse; Fleury-Souverain, Sandrine; Veuthey, Jean-Luc; Eap, Chin B

2009-08-01

Matrix effects, which represent an important issue in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry detection, should be closely assessed during method development. In the case of quantitative analysis, the use of stable isotope-labelled internal standard with physico-chemical properties and ionization behaviour similar to the analyte is recommended. In this paper, an example of the choice of a co-eluting deuterated internal standard to compensate for short-term and long-term matrix effect in the case of chiral (R,S)-methadone plasma quantification is reported. The method was fully validated over a concentration range of 5-800 ng/mL for each methadone enantiomer with satisfactory relative bias (-1.0 to 1.0%), repeatability (0.9-4.9%) and intermediate precision (1.4-12.0%). From the results obtained during validation, a control chart process during 52 series of routine analysis was established using both intermediate precision standard deviation and FDA acceptance criteria. The results of routine quality control samples were generally included in the +/-15% variability around the target value and mainly in the two standard deviation interval illustrating the long-term stability of the method. The intermediate precision variability estimated in method validation was found to be coherent with the routine use of the method. During this period, 257 trough concentration and 54 peak concentration plasma samples of patients undergoing (R,S)-methadone treatment were successfully analysed for routine therapeutic drug monitoring.

Examining the Function of Visual Feedback in Text Production.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hull, Glynda A.; Smith, William L.

Composing is controlled by information feedback from prior behavior which serves to influence future behavior. This model posits movement toward a desired end product through a continual interchange of writing and examining and evaluating what has been written against internal standards. A study was conducted to determine the extent to which…

25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

25 CFR 543.3 - How do tribal governments comply with this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...-month period (includes two six month periods) encompassing a portion or all of the most recent business... period (includes two six month periods) encompassing a portion or all of the most recent business year...] (b) Determination of tier. [Reserved] (c) Tribal internal control standards. Within six months of...

A Proposed Supplemental Teaching Model for Enhancing Students' Understanding of Sarbanes Oxley

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Specht, James; Kagan, Albert; Maanum, Scott D.

2009-01-01

The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 brought about major changes in how accounting firms conduct audits of publicly traded companies. Corporate officials have additional responsibilities in the areas of internal controls and financial reports. In addition there is a new organization responsible for established auditing standards for publicly traded…

25 CFR 291.4 - What must a proposal requesting Class III gaming procedures contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... activities of the Indian tribe's gaming operations; (4) Internal control standards designed to ensure fiscal..., maintenance, and accessibility; (6) Conduct of games, including patron requirements, posting of game rules, and hours of operation; (7) Procedures to protect the integrity of the rules for playing games; (8...

25 CFR 291.4 - What must a proposal requesting Class III gaming procedures contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... activities of the Indian tribe's gaming operations; (4) Internal control standards designed to ensure fiscal..., maintenance, and accessibility; (6) Conduct of games, including patron requirements, posting of game rules, and hours of operation; (7) Procedures to protect the integrity of the rules for playing games; (8...

25 CFR 291.4 - What must a proposal requesting Class III gaming procedures contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... activities of the Indian tribe's gaming operations; (4) Internal control standards designed to ensure fiscal..., maintenance, and accessibility; (6) Conduct of games, including patron requirements, posting of game rules, and hours of operation; (7) Procedures to protect the integrity of the rules for playing games; (8...

25 CFR 291.4 - What must a proposal requesting Class III gaming procedures contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... activities of the Indian tribe's gaming operations; (4) Internal control standards designed to ensure fiscal..., maintenance, and accessibility; (6) Conduct of games, including patron requirements, posting of game rules, and hours of operation; (7) Procedures to protect the integrity of the rules for playing games; (8...

25 CFR 291.4 - What must a proposal requesting Class III gaming procedures contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... activities of the Indian tribe's gaming operations; (4) Internal control standards designed to ensure fiscal..., maintenance, and accessibility; (6) Conduct of games, including patron requirements, posting of game rules, and hours of operation; (7) Procedures to protect the integrity of the rules for playing games; (8...

25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) The random number generator shall be linked to the computer system and shall directly relay the... information shall be generated by the computer system. (2) This documentation shall be restricted to... to the computer system shall be adequately restricted (i.e., passwords are changed at least quarterly...

25 CFR 542.5 - How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction? 542.5 Section 542.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.5 How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction? Nothing in this part...

25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., collecting and recording checks returned to the gaming operation after deposit, re-deposit, and write-off... person approving the counter check transaction. (4) When traveler's checks or other guaranteed drafts... identity, including photo identification. (8) A file for customers shall be prepared prior to acceptance of...

Effect of Decay on Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation Measurements in Wood

Treesearch

Megan McGovern; Adam Senalik; George Chen; Frank C. Beall; Henrique Reis

2013-01-01

The percentage mass loss of loblolly pine (pinus taeda) wood cube specimens exposed to Gloeophyllum fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) for increasing periods of time ranging from 1 to 12 weeks was recorded after being subjected to controlled decay following ASTM International standard ASTM D 1423-99. The specimens’ corresponding volume...

Organizing the Postindustrial Work Force: Lessons from the History of Waitress Unionism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobble, Dorothy Sue

1991-01-01

Occupational unionism as practiced by waitresses in the Hotel and Restaurant Employees International Union was characterized by emphasis on occupational identity, control over labor supply, portable rights and benefits, and peer determination of standards and discipline. Aspects of this form of unionism may hold promise for revitalizing the labor…

21 CFR 862.1055 - Newborn screening test system for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... mass spectrometry is a device that consists of stable isotope internal standards, control materials..., free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. 862.1055 Section 862.1055 Food and... screening test system for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. (a...

21 CFR 862.1055 - Newborn screening test system for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... mass spectrometry is a device that consists of stable isotope internal standards, control materials..., free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. 862.1055 Section 862.1055 Food and... screening test system for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. (a...

Development of a Quantitative Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay with an Internal Positive Control

PubMed Central

Richards-Kortum, Rebecca

2015-01-01

It was recently demonstrated that recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal amplification platform for pathogen detection, may be used to quantify DNA sample concentration using a standard curve. In this manuscript, a detailed protocol for developing and implementing a real-time quantitative recombinase polymerase amplification assay (qRPA assay) is provided. Using HIV-1 DNA quantification as an example, the assembly of real-time RPA reactions, the design of an internal positive control (IPC) sequence, and co-amplification of the IPC and target of interest are all described. Instructions and data processing scripts for the construction of a standard curve using data from multiple experiments are provided, which may be used to predict the concentration of unknown samples or assess the performance of the assay. Finally, an alternative method for collecting real-time fluorescence data with a microscope and a stage heater as a step towards developing a point-of-care qRPA assay is described. The protocol and scripts provided may be used for the development of a qRPA assay for any DNA target of interest. PMID:25867513

Development of a quantitative recombinase polymerase amplification assay with an internal positive control.

PubMed

Crannell, Zachary A; Rohrman, Brittany; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca

2015-03-30

It was recently demonstrated that recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal amplification platform for pathogen detection, may be used to quantify DNA sample concentration using a standard curve. In this manuscript, a detailed protocol for developing and implementing a real-time quantitative recombinase polymerase amplification assay (qRPA assay) is provided. Using HIV-1 DNA quantification as an example, the assembly of real-time RPA reactions, the design of an internal positive control (IPC) sequence, and co-amplification of the IPC and target of interest are all described. Instructions and data processing scripts for the construction of a standard curve using data from multiple experiments are provided, which may be used to predict the concentration of unknown samples or assess the performance of the assay. Finally, an alternative method for collecting real-time fluorescence data with a microscope and a stage heater as a step towards developing a point-of-care qRPA assay is described. The protocol and scripts provided may be used for the development of a qRPA assay for any DNA target of interest.

Rationale and design of the HepZero study: a prospective, multicenter, international, open, randomized, controlled clinical study with parallel groups comparing heparin-free dialysis with heparin-coated dialysis membrane (Evodial) versus standard care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Rossignol, Patrick; Dorval, Marc; Fay, Renaud; Ros, Joan Fort; Loughraieb, Nathalie; Moureau, Frédérique; Laville, Maurice

2013-06-01

Anticoagulation for chronic dialysis patients with contraindications to heparin administration is challenging. Current guidelines state that in patients with increased bleeding risks, strategies that can induce systemic anticoagulation should be avoided. Heparin-free dialysis using intermittent saline flushes is widely adopted as the method of choice for patients at risk of bleeding, although on-line blood predilution may also be used. A new dialyzer, Evodial (Gambro, Lund, Sweden), is grafted with unfractionated heparin during the manufacturing process and may allow safe and efficient heparin-free hemodialysis sessions. In the present trial, Evodial was compared to standard care with either saline flushes or blood predilution. The HepZero study is the first international (seven countries), multicenter (10 centers), randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority (and if applicable subsequently, superiority) trial with two parallel groups, comprising 252 end-stage renal disease patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis for at least 3 months and requiring heparin-free dialysis treatments. Patients will be treated during a maximum of three heparin-free dialysis treatments with either saline flushes or blood predilution (control group), or Evodial. The first heparin-free dialysis treatment will be considered successful when there is: no complete occlusion of air traps or dialyzer rendering dialysis impossible; no additional saline flushes to prevent clotting; no change of dialyzer or blood lines because of clotting; and no premature termination (early rinse-back) because of clotting.The primary objectives of the study are to determine the effectiveness of the Evodial dialyzer, compared with standard care in terms of successful treatments during the first heparin-free dialysis. If the non-inferiority of Evodial is demonstrated then the superiority of Evodial over standard care will be tested. The HepZero study results may have major clinical implications for patient care. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01318486.

40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

CMMI(Registered) for Acquisition, Version 1.3. CMMI-ACQ, V1.3

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

and Software Engineering – System Life Cycle Processes [ ISO 2008b] ISO /IEC 27001 :2005 Information technology – Security techniques – Information...International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission. ISO /IEC 27001 Information Technology – Security Techniques...International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission ( ISO /IEC) body of standards. CMMs focus on improving processes

Information system equality for food security--implementation of the food safety control system in Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Shaun C; Hsu, Guoo-Shyng Wang; Chiu, Chihwei P

2009-01-01

Food security plays a central role in governing agricultural policies in Taiwan. In addition to overuse or the illegal use of pesticide, meat leanness promoters, animal drugs and melamine in the food supply; as well as foodborne illness draws the greatest public concern due to incidents that occur every year in Taiwan. The present report demonstrates the implementation of a food safety control system in Taiwan. In order to control foodborne outbreaks effectively, the central government of the Department of Health of Taiwan launched the food safety control system which includes both the good hygienic practice (GHP) and the HACCP plan, in the last decade. From 1998 to the present, 302 food affiliations that implemented the system have been validated and accredited by a well-established audit system. The implementation of a food safety control system in compliance with international standards is of crucial importance to ensure complete safety and the high quality of foods, not only for domestic markets, but also for international trade.

Risk of bias and confounding of observational studies of Zika virus infection: A scoping review of research protocols.

PubMed

Reveiz, Ludovic; Haby, Michelle M; Martínez-Vega, Ruth; Pinzón-Flores, Carlos E; Elias, Vanessa; Smith, Emma; Pinart, Mariona; Broutet, Nathalie; Becerra-Posada, Francisco; Aldighieri, Sylvain; Van Kerkhove, Maria D

2017-01-01

Given the severity and impact of the current Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas, numerous countries have rushed to develop research studies to assess ZIKV and its potential health consequences. In an effort to ensure that studies are comprehensive, both internally and externally valid, and with reliable results, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, Institut Pasteur, the networks of Fiocruz, the Consortia for the Standardization of Influenza Seroepidemiology (CONSISE) and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) have generated six standardized clinical and epidemiological research protocols and questionnaires to address key public health questions on ZIKV. We conducted a systematic search of ongoing study protocols related to ZIKV research. We analyzed the content of protocols of 32 cohort studies and 13 case control studies for systematic bias that could produce erroneous results. Additionally we aimed to characterize the risks of bias and confounding in observational studies related to ZIKV and to propose ways to minimize them, including the use of six newly standardized research protocols. Observational studies of ZIKV face an array of challenges, including measurement of exposure and outcomes (microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome). Potential confounders need to be measured where known and controlled for in the analysis. Selection bias due to non-random selection is a significant issue, particularly in the case-control design, and losses to follow-up is equally important for the cohort design. Observational research seeking to answer key questions on the ZIKV should consider these restrictions and take precautions to minimize bias in an effort to provide reliable and valid results. Utilization of the standardized research protocols developed by the WHO, PAHO, Institut Pasteur, and CONSISE will harmonize the key methodological aspects of each study design to minimize bias at different stages of the study. Biases need to be considered by researchers implementing the standardized protocols as well as by users of observational epidemiological studies of ZIKV.

SEALDH-II-An Autonomous, Holistically Controlled, First Principles TDLAS Hygrometer for Field and Airborne Applications: Design-Setup-Accuracy/Stability Stress Test.

PubMed

Buchholz, Bernhard; Kallweit, Sören; Ebert, Volker

2016-12-30

Instrument operation in harsh environments often significantly impacts the trust level of measurement data. While commercial instrument manufacturers clearly define the deployment conditions to achieve trustworthy data in typical standard applications, it is frequently unavoidable in scientific field applications to operate instruments outside these commercial standard application specifications. Scientific instrumentation, however, is employing cutting-edge technology and often highly optimized but also lacks long-term field tests to assess the field vs. laboratory performance. Recently, we developed the Selective Extractive Laser Diode Hygrometer (SEALDH-II), which addresses field and especially airborne applications as well as metrological laboratory validations. SEALDH-II targets reducing deviations between airborne hygrometers (currently up to 20% between the most advanced hygrometers) with a new holistic, internal control and validation concept, which guarantees the transfer of the laboratory performance into a field scenario by capturing more than 80 instrument internal "housekeeping" data to nearly perfectly control SEALDH-II's health status. SEALDH-II uses a calibration-free, first principles based, direct Tuneable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (dTDLAS) approach, to cover the entire atmospheric humidity measurement range from about 3 to 40,000 ppmv with a calculated maximum uncertainty of 4.3% ± 3 ppmv. This is achieved not only by innovations in internal instrument monitoring and design, but also by active control algorithms such as a high resolution spectral stabilization. This paper describes the setup, working principles, and instrument stabilization, as well as its precision validation and long-term stress tests in an environmental chamber over an environmental temperature and humidity range of ΔT = 50 K and ΔRH = 80% RH, respectively.