Sample records for inventions program invention

  1. Invention Development Program Helps Nurture NCI at Frederick Technologies | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    The Invention Development Fund (IDF) was piloted by the Technology Transfer Center (TTC) in 2014 to facilitate the commercial development of NCI technologies. The IDF received a second round of funding from the NCI Office of the Director and the Office of Budget and Management to establish the Invention Development Program (IDP) for fiscal year 2016. The IDP is using these funds to help advance a second set of inventions.

  2. Students of Invention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mayes, Valynda; Hemenway, Mary Kay; Armosky, Brad J.

    2004-01-01

    Thomas A. Edison said, "To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk." Well, the finalists in this year's Craftsman/NSTA Young Inventors Award Program had no shortage of imagination, but chose more useful items with which to work. With the goal to invent or modify a tool, students across the country were searching homes, yards, and…

  3. Invention Development Program Helps Nurture NCI at Frederick Technologies | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    The Invention Development Fund (IDF) was piloted by the Technology Transfer Center (TTC) in 2014 to facilitate the commercial development of NCI technologies. The IDF received a second round of funding from the NCI Office of the Director and the Office of Budget and Management to establish the Invention Development Program (IDP) for fiscal year 2016. The IDP is using these

  4. Resources for Teaching Rhetorical Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harrington, David V.; And Others

    This paper is designed to complement Richard Young's (1976) survey, which identified the four main theories of rhetorical invention (neo-classical invention, prewriting, tagmemic invention, and the dramatist invention), by reviewing textbooks under the headings of the four rhetorical inventions. A fifth category, resources in speech communication,…

  5. 14 CFR 1245.302 - Inventions by NASA employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inventions by NASA employees. 1245.302... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.302 Inventions by NASA employees. (a) The foreign rights of NASA and of the NASA employee making an invention are determinable in accordance with...

  6. 14 CFR 1245.302 - Inventions by NASA employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Inventions by NASA employees. 1245.302... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.302 Inventions by NASA employees. (a) The foreign rights of NASA and of the NASA employee making an invention are determinable in accordance with...

  7. 14 CFR 1245.302 - Inventions by NASA employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inventions by NASA employees. 1245.302... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.302 Inventions by NASA employees. (a) The foreign rights of NASA and of the NASA employee making an invention are determinable in accordance with...

  8. 14 CFR 1245.302 - Inventions by NASA employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inventions by NASA employees. 1245.302... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.302 Inventions by NASA employees. (a) The foreign rights of NASA and of the NASA employee making an invention are determinable in accordance with...

  9. 7 CFR 1160.505 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1160... PROGRAM Fluid Milk Promotion Order Miscellaneous § 1160.505 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  10. 7 CFR 1160.505 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1160... PROGRAM Fluid Milk Promotion Order Miscellaneous § 1160.505 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  11. 7 CFR 1160.505 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1160... PROGRAM Fluid Milk Promotion Order Miscellaneous § 1160.505 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  12. 7 CFR 1160.505 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1160... PROGRAM Fluid Milk Promotion Order Miscellaneous § 1160.505 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  13. The Economic, Energy, and Environmental Impacts of the Energy-Related Inventions Program

    DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

    Brown, M.A.; Wilson, C.R.; Franchuk, C.A.; Cohn, S.M.; Jones, D.

    1994-07-01

    This report provides information on the economic, energy, and environmental impacts of inventions supported by the Energy-Related Inventions Program (ERIP) -- a program jointly operated by the US Department of Energy and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It describes the results of the latest in a series of ERIP evaluation projects that have been completed since 1980. The period of interest is 1980 through 1992. The evaluation is based on data collected in 1993 through mail and telephone surveys of 253 program participants, and historical data collected during previous evaluations for an additional 189 participants.

  14. INVENTION IS NOT AN OPTION

    PubMed Central

    Comedy, Yolanda L.; Gilbert, Juan E.; Pun, Suzie H.

    2017-01-01

    Inventors help solve all kinds of problems. The AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassador program celebrates inventors who have an impact on global challenges, making our communities and the globe better, one invention at a time. In this paper, we introduce two of these invention ambassadors: Dr. Suzie Pun and Dr. Juan Gilbert. Dr. Suzie Pun is the Robert F. Rushmer Professor of Bioengineering, an adjunct professor of chemical engineering, and a member of the Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute at the University of Washington. Dr. Juan Gilbert is the Andrew Banks Family Preeminence Endowed Professor and chair of the Computer & Information Science & Engineering Department at the University of Florida. Both have a passion for solving problems and are dedicated to teaching their students to change the world. PMID:29527271

  15. Non-Intentional Invention: The Promethean, Trickster, and Improvisational Invention Heuristics of Academic Writers and Poets

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wirtz, Jason

    2013-01-01

    This essay introduces a novel way to conceptualize writerly invention -- invention as adopting a non-intentional intellectual stance wherein heuristics are experienced as acting upon the writer as opposed to being enacted by the writer. This view of invention complicates and extends the traditional, Aristotelian view of invention as discreet…

  16. 14 CFR § 1245.302 - Inventions by NASA employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inventions by NASA employees. § 1245.302... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.302 Inventions by NASA employees. (a) The foreign rights of NASA and of the NASA employee making an invention are determinable in accordance with...

  17. What's in a name? Young adolescents' implicit conceptions of invention

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Plucker, Jonathan A.

    2002-03-01

    The past few years have seen an increase in the amount of attention focused on invention and design education at the college and K-12 levels. Given these efforts, the dearth of research on students' preexisting conceptions of invention is surprising. Knowledge of invention beliefs and attitudes will inform educational efforts by allowing educators to target the curriculum and accompanying activities more effectively than is possible without this knowledge. In this study, 55 sixth-grade students completed open-ended survey questions related to their conceptions of invention. Results suggest that students have few or simplistic conceptions of the invention and patent processes. Prior exposure to invention instruction or previous experience with inventing did not appear to have an impact on students' conceptions of invention. In order to dispel these superficial implicit theories, educators involved with invention programs should consider the use of active, situated teaching techniques such as project- and problem-based learning.

  18. Inventors and Inventions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dawson, Tom

    An 8-day unit introduces middle school students to American inventors and inventions. In separate lessons, students examine the patenting process, women inventors, minority inventors, Native American inventors, the airplane, Thomas Edison, and the impact of inventions on America's growth. A brief outline of daily lesson plans precedes a section of…

  19. 42 CFR 86.3 - Inventions and discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventions and discoveries. 86.3 Section 86.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES GRANTS FOR EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH General § 86.3 Inventions and discoveries. Any...

  20. Stimulating Invention Disclosures by Faculty Researchers--A Guide for the University Invention Administrator.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marcy, Willard

    Intended as a guide for university administrators, this manual discusses programs to help faculty members in the recognition of inventions and to increase the flow of their disclosure. The benefits of patenting are outlined and it is suggested that these benefits provide justification for initiating a program to increase disclosures. Important…

  1. Invention through Form and Function Analogy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rule, Audrey C.

    2015-01-01

    "Invention through Form and Function Analogy" is an invention book for teachers and other leaders working with youth who are involving students in the invention process. The book consists of an introduction and set of nine learning cycle formatted lessons for teaching the principles of invention through the science and engineering design…

  2. Re-inventing Willis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simkin, M. V.; Roychowdhury, V. P.

    2011-05-01

    Scientists often re-invent things that were long known. Here we review these activities as related to the mechanism of producing power law distributions, originally proposed in 1922 by Yule to explain experimental data on the sizes of biological genera, collected by Willis. We also review the history of re-invention of closely related branching processes, random graphs and coagulation models.

  3. Computers, Invention, and the Power to Change Student Writing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strickland, James

    A study examined the quantity and quality of ideas produced in freshman composition students' writing to determine whether computer assisted instruction (CAI) stimulates invention as well as or better than current invention instruction in traditional classrooms. Two CAI programs were used: QUEST, the systematic program that examines an item/event…

  4. 14 CFR 1245.301 - Inventions under NASA contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inventions under NASA contracts. 1245.301... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.301 Inventions under NASA contracts. (a) Pursuant to § 1245.113, NASA has facilitated the filing of foreign patent applications by contractors by...

  5. 14 CFR 1245.301 - Inventions under NASA contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inventions under NASA contracts. 1245.301... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.301 Inventions under NASA contracts. (a) Pursuant to § 1245.113, NASA has facilitated the filing of foreign patent applications by contractors by...

  6. 14 CFR 1245.301 - Inventions under NASA contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Inventions under NASA contracts. 1245.301... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.301 Inventions under NASA contracts. (a) Pursuant to § 1245.113, NASA has facilitated the filing of foreign patent applications by contractors by...

  7. 14 CFR 1245.301 - Inventions under NASA contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inventions under NASA contracts. 1245.301... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.301 Inventions under NASA contracts. (a) Pursuant to § 1245.113, NASA has facilitated the filing of foreign patent applications by contractors by...

  8. 37 CFR 1.109 - Effective filing date of a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effective filing date of a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. 1.109 Section 1.109 Patents, Trademarks, and... a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. (a) The effective filing date for a...

  9. 37 CFR 1.109 - Effective filing date of a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effective filing date of a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. 1.109 Section 1.109 Patents, Trademarks, and... a claimed invention under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. (a) The effective filing date for a...

  10. North, South, Survival, Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McLaughlin, Hooley

    2003-01-01

    Preparations for a Canadian exhibit in a Paris museum prompted reflections on how the adversity encountered in Canada's northern wilderness has fostered Inuit inventiveness and creativity. Anecdotes of other people's adaptations to harsh conditions illustrate that inventiveness is universal to the human condition. Perhaps the best example of…

  11. The Invention Notebook Challenge

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roman, Harry T.

    2018-01-01

    Like scientists who keep lab notebooks detailing their experiments, inventors keep invention notebooks that chronologically detail the inception, development, and refinement of their inventions. These notebooks are legal documents that can help prove one inventor's precedent over another. Scenarios like these are very real, as the author has had…

  12. Inventive Thinking in Biology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCormack, Alan J., Ed.

    1982-01-01

    To encourage students to become involved in the inventive and imaginative dimensions of biology, students are asked to invent: a useful product, way to use old newspapers, insect repellent, organism attracter, organelle separater, way to measure rate of hyphal growth, and method to measure strength of spider web. (DC)

  13. Invention and Gain Analysis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weber, Robert J.; Dixon, Stacey

    1989-01-01

    Gain analysis is applied to the invention of the sewing needle as well as different sewing implements and modes of sewing. The analysis includes a two-subject experiment. To validate the generality of gain heuristics and underlying switching processes, the invention of the assembly line is also analyzed. (TJH)

  14. Inventing the Invented for STEM Understanding

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stansell, Alicia; Tyler-Wood, Tandra; Stansell, Christina

    2016-01-01

    The reverse engineering of simple inventions that were of historic significance is now possible in a classroom by using digital models provided by places like the Smithsonian. The digital models can facilitate the mastery of students' STEM learning by utilizing digital fabrication in maker spaces to provide an opportunity for reverse engineer and…

  15. Aristotle's "Rhetoric": Reinterpreting Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Quandahl, Ellen

    1986-01-01

    Shows that Aristotle's common topics are part of a theory of interpretation rather than a collection of devices for invention. Argues that it is more Aristotelian and more useful to understand composing as interpretation and not invention. Uses scholarship to inform pedagogy and to reorient composing toward acts of reading. (EL)

  16. Camp Invention Fosters Creativity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Landona, Nancy

    2001-01-01

    This article describes Camp Invention, a summer one-week day camp program for students in grades 2-6 that is designed to develop creativity in gifted students. The curriculum of the camp features hands-on, interactive activities in science, history, math, and the arts. Examples of activities undertaken in 2001 are provided. (Contains one…

  17. Seeking Social Inventions to Improve the Transition to Adulthood

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hamilton, Mary Agnes; Hamilton, Stephen F.

    2015-01-01

    Social inventions are new ways of solving human problems. This article reports on an action research project designed to find social inventions to reduce structural lag in four programs that support the transition to adulthood of marginalized youth in Latin America. The investigators engaged youth and staff members in identifying important…

  18. 14 CFR § 1245.301 - Inventions under NASA contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inventions under NASA contracts. § 1245... AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NASA Foreign Patent Program § 1245.301 Inventions under NASA contracts. (a) Pursuant to § 1245.113, NASA has facilitated the filing of foreign patent applications by...

  19. 43 CFR 6.2 - Report of invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Report of invention. 6.2 Section 6.2 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior PATENT REGULATIONS Inventions by Employees § 6.2 Report of invention. (a) Every invention made by an employee of the Department shall be reported by such employee through his supervisor and...

  20. Making the Failure More Productive: Scaffolding the Invention Process to Improve Inquiry Behaviors and Outcomes in Invention Activities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holmes, N. G.; Day, James; Park, Anthony H. K.; Bonn, D. A.; Roll, Ido

    2014-01-01

    Invention activities are Productive Failure activities in which students attempt (and often fail) to invent methods that capture deep properties of a construct before being taught expert solutions. The current study evaluates the effect of scaffolding on the invention processes and outcomes, given that students are not expected to succeed in their…

  1. 50 CFR 401.21 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 401.21 Section... FISHERIES CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT § 401.21 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under project agreements entered into...

  2. 50 CFR 401.21 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 401.21 Section... FISHERIES CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT § 401.21 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under project agreements entered into...

  3. 50 CFR 401.21 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 401.21 Section... FISHERIES CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT § 401.21 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under project agreements entered into...

  4. It's No Problem to Invent a Solution

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Graca, Rose M.

    2012-01-01

    A kindergarten class learns about inventions, inventors, and how to be an inventor. Engaging students in learning about pencil sharpeners led to researching and developing a lesson plan designed so students could learn how inventions are solutions to problems. Through identifying, researching, and brainstorming new inventions, the students…

  5. 50 CFR 82.19 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 82.19 Section 82...-IN-AID (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Administration § 82.19 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative...

  6. 50 CFR 82.19 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 82.19 Section 82...-IN-AID (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Administration § 82.19 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative...

  7. 50 CFR 82.19 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 82.19 Section 82...-IN-AID (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Administration § 82.19 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative...

  8. 37 CFR 1.293 - Statutory invention registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the date of publication of the statutory invention registration; (2) The required fee for filing a request for publication of a statutory invention registration as provided for in § 1.17 (n) or (o); (3) A... application. (b) Any request for publication of a statutory invention registration must include the following...

  9. 50 CFR 82.19 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 82.19 Section 82... GRANTS-IN-AID (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Administration § 82.19 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative...

  10. 50 CFR 82.19 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 82.19 Section 82... GRANTS-IN-AID (MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972) Administration § 82.19 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative...

  11. 45 CFR 650.19 - Electronic invention handling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electronic invention handling. 650.19 Section 650.19 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.19 Electronic invention handling. (a) Grantees must use the iEdison Invention Information Management System maintained by the National...

  12. 45 CFR 650.19 - Electronic invention handling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electronic invention handling. 650.19 Section 650.19 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.19 Electronic invention handling. (a) Grantees must use the iEdison Invention Information Management System maintained by the National...

  13. 45 CFR 650.19 - Electronic invention handling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electronic invention handling. 650.19 Section 650.19 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.19 Electronic invention handling. (a) Grantees must use the iEdison Invention Information Management System maintained by the National...

  14. 45 CFR 650.19 - Electronic invention handling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electronic invention handling. 650.19 Section 650.19 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.19 Electronic invention handling. (a) Grantees must use the iEdison Invention Information Management System maintained by the National...

  15. 43 CFR 6.5 - Rights in inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Rights in inventions. 6.5 Section 6.5 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior PATENT REGULATIONS Inventions by Employees § 6.5 Rights in inventions. (a) The rules prescribed in this section shall be applied in determining...

  16. Invention at Play. Educators' Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Judd, Michael; Lacasse, Jane; Smith, Monica; Reilly, Katie

    A Smithsonian exhibition was developed that looked at invention in an innovative way. It aimed to encourage visitors to make connections between their own lives and abilities and those of inventors. The role of play in the invention process was examined. Play is a universal and familiar activity and can help people find the link between their own…

  17. An Experiment in Teaching Invention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Andre

    2009-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that invention can be taught to business students who do not have the prior technical knowledge that is assumed to be a requirement for this kind of activity. Design/methodology/approach: This paper contains reflections on the results of introducing a specific course in inventing based on the…

  18. Stages for Children Inventing Games

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Butler, Joy

    2013-01-01

    This article offers practical advice for teachers interested in using Inventing Games (IG) as a way to facilitate learning about game structures, rules, and the principles of fair play that they can apply not only to game play, but to everyday life as members of a democratically organized society. Inventing Games gives students the opportunity to…

  19. 43 CFR 6.2 - Report of invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Report of invention. 6.2 Section 6.2 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior PATENT REGULATIONS Inventions by Employees § 6.2... invention; (8) Experimental data; (9) The prior art known to the inventor(s) and the manner in which the...

  20. Ghosts of inventions: Patent law's digital mediations.

    PubMed

    Kang, Hyo Yoon

    2018-04-01

    This article examines the shifts in the material ordering of inventions in patent law organization and their effects on the meaning and scope of inventions as intellectual property. Formats and media are constitutive of the establishment and stabilization of inventions as objects of intellectual property. Modern patent law's materiality had been dominated by paper documents but ever more consists of digital images, files, and networked data. The article traces and analyzes such effects of digital media on the meaning of intellectual/intangible property and argues that inventions increasingly matter as digital data in the legal realm.

  1. 7 CFR 1210.367 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications....367 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents, copyrights, inventions, product... such patents, copyrights, inventions, product formulations, or publications shall be considered income...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.367 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications....367 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents, copyrights, inventions, product... such patents, copyrights, inventions, product formulations, or publications shall be considered income...

  3. 7 CFR 1210.367 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications....367 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents, copyrights, inventions, product... such patents, copyrights, inventions, product formulations, or publications shall be considered income...

  4. 7 CFR 1210.367 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications....367 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents, copyrights, inventions, product... such patents, copyrights, inventions, product formulations, or publications shall be considered income...

  5. Inventions and Patents: A practical tutorial

    PubMed Central

    Tidwell, J. Lille; Liotta, Lance A.

    2017-01-01

    Patents are designed to protect and encourage creativity and innovation. Patenting a biomedical discovery can be a requirement before a pharma or biotech entity will invest in the lengthy and costly clinical testing necessary to achieve patient benefit. Although scientists and clinicians are well versed in research publication requirements, patent descriptions and claims are formatted in a manner quite different from a research paper. Patents require a) a series of logical statements clearly delineating the boundaries of the novel aspects of the invention and b) sufficient disclosure of the invention so that it can be reproduced by others. Patents are granted only for inventions that meet three conditions: novelty, non-obviousness and usefulness. This chapter provides basic guidelines and definitions for inventions, inventorship, and patent filing which are summarized using a question and answer format. PMID:22081360

  6. 77 FR 47820 - Invention Promoters/Promotion Firms Complaints

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Invention Promoters/Promotion... investigate these complaints or participate in any legal proceedings against invention promoters or promotion... invention promoter or promotion firm, explain the basis for the complaint, and include the signature of the...

  7. Invention and Writing in Technical Work: Representing the Object.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Winsor, Dorothy A.

    1994-01-01

    Describes the way invention is relevant to the practice of technical writing. Studies three engineering students engaged in a real-world project. Shows how the students' technical work and invention for the final report were simultaneous activities. Claims that invention for and through writing overlaps with technical invention. (HB)

  8. Science, technology and inventions: Children draw their own visions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Addezio, G.; Rubbia, G.; Marsili, A.

    2013-12-01

    hybridized animals, devices helping in human caring or having impact on the environment, for a better quality of life. In general, preferred subjects refer to something useful with respect to things we do in everyday life but also fancy devices, for which imagination runs wild. Inventions can include something useful to individuals or to a community, being something totally new, or already existing, but improved, combined or transformed; being a device or part of the natural environment or of the human body; they can involve several dimensions of living like eating, transporting, entertainment or work. Do girls and boys conceive different inventions? What do they invent with respect to Earth Sciences and natural environment? Which are the relationships with the outreach programs organized and performed by INGV? What arises from children's drawings provides us a direct and unconventional approach to point out how we convey our science - a strategic topic for a suitable future of the humanity - to the players of the world of tomorrow.

  9. Catalog of goverment inventions available for licensing, 1991

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-01-01

    Some 1,200 inventions (patents granted or applied for in 1991) are offered for licensing. The annual catalog is published to bring to businesses and entrepreneurs opportunities to license and market government owned inventions--frequently with the benefit of exclusive licensing and/or with the protection of foreign patent rights. To make it easy for readers to scan and identify promising government inventions, each invention is fully described in one of 48 invention summary sections and cross referenced where appropriate. Detailed subject and inventor indexes also are included. The Government realizes the necessity of protecting the business investment required to bring these technologiesmore » to the marketplace; and to protect foreign markets, foreign patent rights often are obtained.« less

  10. 45 CFR 650.9 - Unwanted inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Unwanted inventions. 650.9 Section 650.9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.9 Unwanted inventions. (a) The Foundation will normally allow any patent rights not wanted by the awardee or...

  11. 45 CFR 650.9 - Unwanted inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Unwanted inventions. 650.9 Section 650.9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.9 Unwanted inventions. (a) The Foundation will normally allow any patent rights not wanted by the awardee or...

  12. 45 CFR 650.9 - Unwanted inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Unwanted inventions. 650.9 Section 650.9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.9 Unwanted inventions. (a) The Foundation will normally allow any patent rights not wanted by the awardee or...

  13. 40 CFR 40.160-3 - Reporting of inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application. (b) A final invention report is required within 90 days after completion of the project period... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reporting of inventions. 40.160-3... ASSISTANCE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS § 40.160-3 Reporting of inventions. As provided in appendix B of...

  14. The Invention of "The Invention of Hugo Cabret"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Selznick, Brian

    2008-01-01

    "The Invention of Hugo Cabret" is a story about Georges Melies that the author began thinking about over 15 years ago and took about two-and-a-half years to complete. The book is about a boy named Hugo Cabret, an orphan living secretly in the walls of a train station in Paris who becomes involved in a mystery that ties him together with a mean old…

  15. Inventors and Inventions, Grades 4-8.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Egan, Lorraine Hopping

    This activity book encourages students to think like inventors by employing ready-to-use materials, a timeline game, and topics from social studies, mathematics, science, language arts, and art. The first section explains the definition of invention and explores accidental inventions. It is followed by a section that examines the effects of…

  16. Word Processors and Invention in Technical Writing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barker, Thomas T.

    1989-01-01

    Explores how word processing affects thinking and writing. Examines two myths surrounding word processors and invention in technical writing. Describes how word processing can enhance invention through collaborative writing, templates, and on-screen outlining. (MM)

  17. 77 FR 7095 - Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents-Definition of Technological Invention

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-10

    ... 0651-AC75 Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents-- Definition of Technological... proceeding for covered business method patents. The provision of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act will... to the attention of ``Lead Judge Michael Tierney, Covered Business Method Patent Review Proposed...

  18. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-106] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  19. 78 FR 13906 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-015] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  20. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-018] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  1. 78 FR 19744 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-026] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  2. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-109)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  3. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-017] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  4. 78 FR 57663 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-104] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  5. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-103] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  6. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-107)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  7. 75 FR 28663 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-057)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of availability of inventions for licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  8. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-047)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below assigned to the National...

  9. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-052)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  10. 78 FR 29388 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-054)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  11. 78 FR 29387 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-058)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  12. 78 FR 29386 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (13-053)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned...

  13. 78 FR 57665 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-105] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below assigned to the National...

  14. 10 CFR 603.860 - Rights to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to Other Administrative Matters Intellectual Property § 603.860 Rights to inventions. (a) The..., with the help of the program manager and assigned intellectual property counsel, what best represents a... approved by assigned intellectual property counsel. (c) Taking past investments as an example, the...

  15. 10 CFR 603.860 - Rights to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... to Other Administrative Matters Intellectual Property § 603.860 Rights to inventions. (a) The..., with the help of the program manager and assigned intellectual property counsel, what best represents a... approved by assigned intellectual property counsel. (c) Taking past investments as an example, the...

  16. 45 CFR 650.9 - Unwanted inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Unwanted inventions. 650.9 Section 650.9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.9 Unwanted inventions. (a) The Foundation will normally allow any patent rights not wanted by the awardee or inventor to be dedicated to the public...

  17. 45 CFR 650.9 - Unwanted inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Unwanted inventions. 650.9 Section 650.9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.9 Unwanted inventions. (a) The Foundation will normally allow any patent rights not wanted by the awardee or inventor to be dedicated to the public...

  18. 7 CFR 1260.215 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications... AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1260.215 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, inventions or publications developed...

  19. 7 CFR 1150.184 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1150... Dairy Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1150.184 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  20. 7 CFR 1260.215 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications... AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1260.215 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, inventions or publications developed...

  1. 7 CFR 1230.88 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Information Order Miscellaneous § 1230.88 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents..., leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications inure to the...

  2. 7 CFR 1150.184 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1150... Dairy Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1150.184 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  3. 7 CFR 1230.88 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Information Order Miscellaneous § 1230.88 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents..., leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications inure to the...

  4. 7 CFR 1230.88 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Information Order Miscellaneous § 1230.88 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents..., leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications inure to the...

  5. 7 CFR 1230.88 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Information Order Miscellaneous § 1230.88 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. Any patents..., leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications inure to the...

  6. 7 CFR 1150.184 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1150... Dairy Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1150.184 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  7. 7 CFR 1260.215 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications... AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1260.215 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights, inventions or publications developed...

  8. 7 CFR 1150.184 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. 1150... Dairy Promotion and Research Order Miscellaneous § 1150.184 Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications. Any patents, copyrights, trademarks, inventions or publications developed through the use of...

  9. 7 CFR 1150.184 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DAIRY PROMOTION PROGRAM... the rental, sale, leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or...

  10. 7 CFR 1220.254 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Miscellaneous § 1220.254 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights..., franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications, inure to the benefit of...

  11. 7 CFR 1220.254 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Miscellaneous § 1220.254 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights..., franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications, inure to the benefit of...

  12. 7 CFR 1220.254 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Miscellaneous § 1220.254 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights..., franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications, inure to the benefit of...

  13. 7 CFR 1220.254 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications... Miscellaneous § 1220.254 Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications. (a) Any patents, copyrights..., franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications, inure to the benefit of...

  14. Invention as a combinatorial process: evidence from US patents

    PubMed Central

    Youn, Hyejin; Strumsky, Deborah; Bettencourt, Luis M. A.; Lobo, José

    2015-01-01

    Invention has been commonly conceptualized as a search over a space of combinatorial possibilities. Despite the existence of a rich literature, spanning a variety of disciplines, elaborating on the recombinant nature of invention, we lack a formal and quantitative characterization of the combinatorial process underpinning inventive activity. Here, we use US patent records dating from 1790 to 2010 to formally characterize invention as a combinatorial process. To do this, we treat patented inventions as carriers of technologies and avail ourselves of the elaborate system of technology codes used by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to classify the technologies responsible for an invention's novelty. We find that the combinatorial inventive process exhibits an invariant rate of ‘exploitation’ (refinements of existing combinations of technologies) and ‘exploration’ (the development of new technological combinations). This combinatorial dynamic contrasts sharply with the creation of new technological capabilities—the building blocks to be combined—that has significantly slowed down. We also find that, notwithstanding the very reduced rate at which new technologies are introduced, the generation of novel technological combinations engenders a practically infinite space of technological configurations. PMID:25904530

  15. Using Invention to Change How Students Tackle Problems

    PubMed Central

    Smith, Karen M.; van Stolk, Adrian P.; Spiegelman, George B.

    2010-01-01

    Invention activities challenge students to tackle problems that superficially appear unrelated to the course material but illustrate underlying fundamental concepts that are fundamental to material that will be presented. During our invention activities in a first-year biology class, students were presented with problems that are parallel to those that living cells must solve, in weekly sessions over a 13-wk term. We compared students who participated in the invention activities sessions with students who participated in sessions of structured problem solving and with students who did not participate in either activity. When faced with developing a solution to a challenging and unfamiliar biology problem, invention activity students were much quicker to engage with the problem and routinely provided multiple reasonable hypotheses. In contrast the other students were significantly slower in beginning to work on the problem and routinely produced relatively few ideas. We suggest that the invention activities develop a highly valuable skill that operates at the initial stages of problem solving. PMID:21123697

  16. 76 FR 44939 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions.... SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for... inventions to extend market coverage for companies and may also be available for licensing. ADDRESSES...

  17. 34 CFR 6.1 - Publication or patenting of inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education INVENTIONS AND PATENTS (GENERAL) § 6.1... invention to the public. Determinations to file a domestic patent application on inventions in which the... interest, and if it is practicable to do so. Department determinations not to apply for a domestic patent...

  18. 42 CFR 61.20 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 61.20 Section 61.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.20 Inventions or discoveries. Any fellowship award made...

  19. 42 CFR 61.20 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 61.20 Section 61.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.20 Inventions or discoveries. Any fellowship award made...

  20. 42 CFR 61.20 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 61.20 Section 61.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.20 Inventions or discoveries. Any fellowship award made...

  1. 42 CFR 61.20 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 61.20 Section 61.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.20 Inventions or discoveries. Any fellowship award made...

  2. 42 CFR 61.20 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 61.20 Section 61.20 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.20 Inventions or discoveries. Any fellowship award made...

  3. Across the Nation: Unique Delivery and Inventive Approaches

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fick, Jill; McKeown, Patricia; Whiteside, Ann B.; Paneitz, Becky; Flemming, Sondra; Wolf, Toni; West-Sands, Leslie; Gray, Patricia M.; Orre, Deborah J.; Adams, Ann-Marie

    2004-01-01

    In this article, American Association of Community Colleges member institutions provide information on the collaborative efforts in allied health programs between their colleges and the communities they serve. These are but a fraction of the inventive and unique programs community colleges across the U.S. offer to support the health and wellness…

  4. A Retrospective on Invented Spelling and a Look Forward.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gentry, J. Richard

    2000-01-01

    Compares and critiques two models of invented spelling stages, arguing that knowledge of stages of invented spelling can lead to better assessment of children and more informed literacy instruction by offering a window into the learner's mind. Notes that good communication with parents about invented spelling can eliminate much of the controversy.…

  5. Humanisme : inventer l'avenir

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mayor, Federico

    2014-06-01

    Humanism: inventing the future - Humanity is still confronted by the scourges of poverty, hunger, violence and inequality. If we are to invent a better future, we must first understand the past, recalling the missed opportunities of 1918, 1945 and 1989, at the end of two world wars and a cold war. This article summarises the proposals put forward by the author on several occasions during his career. He expresses a forceful confidence in humankind's ability to take control of its destiny and shake off government that puts economic interest before universal human values. The twenty-first century should be the era of rebellion in cyberspace, one in which more women and young people are involved in decision making, heralding a future of freedom and happiness for all.

  6. A National Climate for Creativity and Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Torrance, E. Paul

    1992-01-01

    This article offers guidelines for developing a national climate for creativity and invention. It recalls the post-Sputnik climate in the United States and notes evidence of Japan's increasing commitment to creativity. It recommends encouraging students to imagine themselves as inventors, providing early training in inventing skills, and…

  7. 43 CFR 6.2 - Report of invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... official working hours, the extent use was made of government facilities, equipment, funds, material or... withhold the report until the process or device is completely reduced to practice, reduction to practice... the Government and of the inventor. If an invention is reduced to practice after the invention report...

  8. 42 CFR 59.210 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 59.210 Section 59.210 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES Grants for Family Planning Service Training § 59.210 Inventions or discoveries. Any grant...

  9. 42 CFR 59.210 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 59.210 Section 59.210 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES Grants for Family Planning Service Training § 59.210 Inventions or discoveries. Any grant...

  10. 42 CFR 59.210 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 59.210 Section 59.210 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES Grants for Family Planning Service Training § 59.210 Inventions or discoveries. Any grant...

  11. 42 CFR 59.210 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 59.210 Section 59.210 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES Grants for Family Planning Service Training § 59.210 Inventions or discoveries. Any grant...

  12. 42 CFR 59.210 - Inventions or discoveries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inventions or discoveries. 59.210 Section 59.210 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES Grants for Family Planning Service Training § 59.210 Inventions or discoveries. Any grant...

  13. 50 CFR 401.21 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 401.21 Section 401... CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT § 401.21 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights... to the Act shall be consistent with the “Government Patent Policy” (President's memorandum for Heads...

  14. 50 CFR 401.21 - Patents and inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patents and inventions. 401.21 Section 401... CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT § 401.21 Patents and inventions. Determination of the patent rights... to the Act shall be consistent with the “Government Patent Policy” (President's memorandum for Heads...

  15. Examining the social and scientific roles of invention in science education

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Calabrese-Barton, Angela

    1998-03-01

    I have been drawn to the construct of “invention” and “inventive acts” because in my research involving how homeless children construct science and the self-in-science, an overwhelming theme has been the multiple ways in which self-identity in science has been described by the children through a language of invention. Using post-modern feminism and science and technologies studies, I examine the multiple uses and definitions of “invention” in science in order to develop a theory of invention and inventive acts around the themes: invention as a social act, invention as a recursive and socially linked process, and embodied agency. I use this framework to examine the construct of “invention” in two different case studies involving the science education of urban homeless children. Finally, I link this discussion of invention and inventive acts with current international reform initiatives revolving around constructivist science teaching and learning.

  16. Inventing Our Future

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Glenn; Vosevich, Mary; O'Connor, Michael; Whitefield, Joe; Medlin, E. Lander

    2011-01-01

    Glenn Smith, APPA's Vice President for Professional Development, had the honor of introducing the closing panel discussion at APPA's annual conference in Boston last July--a discussion centered on the theme "Inventing Our Future." Previous general plenary sessions and related breakout sessions had explored the challenges people face in these…

  17. Inventing Toys: Kids Having Fun Learning Science.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sobey, Ed

    This book presents detailed teaching ideas on integrating inventing into grades 4-6 science classrooms. The contents of the book is divided into three sections. Part 1 provides theoretical and pedagogical background information to teachers on the structure of inventing and the structure of experience. Part 2 presents six detailed workshops: (1)…

  18. Guided Story Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schnelle, Linda; Riley, James D.

    Guided story invention is a strategy for whole language instruction. The strategy stimulates construction of story and storylike passages, and incorporates: (1) student knowledge of story structure; (2) the reading and writing of meaningful text; (3) a focus on meaning as a function of teacher coaching; and (4) encouragement of self-monitoring of…

  19. 76 FR 59115 - Notice of Availability of Patent Fee Changes Under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-23

    ... new programs provided for in the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (e.g., post-grant review, inter... Availability of Patent Fee Changes Under the Leahy- Smith America Invents Act AGENCY: United States Patent and... of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (i.e., September 26, 2011) by operation of the fifteen percent...

  20. 10 CFR 603.870 - Marking of documents related to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS Award Terms Related to Other Administrative Matters Intellectual Property § 603.870 Marking of documents related to inventions. To protect the recipient's interest in inventions, the TIA should require the recipient to mark documents disclosing inventions it desires to protect by obtaining a patent. The...

  1. New Paradigms for Computer Aids to Invention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Langston, M. Diane

    Many people are interested in computer aids to rhetorical invention and want to know how to evaluate an invention aid, what the criteria are for a good one, and how to assess the trade-offs involved in buying one product or another. The frame of reference for this evaluation is an "old paradigm," which treats the computer as if it were…

  2. Perceptions of the Invention Disclosure Process at a Federal Laboratory after the America Invents Act of 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rice-Moore, Sharla V.

    The America Invents Act of 2011 reformed the patent process in the United States. This study focused on the effect of one provision which allows the first inventor to file the application of patent to become the owner of the intellectual property. Prior to this, the Patent and Trademark Act of 1980 allowed small businesses, universities, and non-profit institutions to pursue ownership of intellectual property developed from federally funded research. The new regulations could influence government employees' disclosure of invention and new technology. There is limited research on the disclosure of technology process for government employees. This study examined 1,389 invention disclosure forms from March 2009 to March 2015 during three phases of the law: before it was signed, before the implementation of the first inventor to file provision in 2013, and after full enactment. The reported State of Development showed significant changes prior to implementation for large companies. The findings reveal disclosures were filed at an earlier stage of development, but no change was noted in the significance of the technology. A survey was also distributed using the framework of Organizational Justice theory. The results showed the disclosure reporting process was fair and unbiased. The research supports the efforts of management to keep employees informed about the disclosure process and the importance of technology transfer of government developed innovation. Key words: America Invents Act, Organizational Justice, patent process.

  3. 48 CFR 252.227-7039 - Patents-reporting of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... or that there are no such inventions. (b) A final report, within three (3) months after completion of... subject inventions. 252.227-7039 Section 252.227-7039 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.227-7039 Patents—reporting of subject inventions. As prescribed...

  4. 45 CFR 7.1 - Duty of employee to report inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Duty of employee to report inventions. 7.1 Section 7.1 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEE INVENTIONS § 7.1 Duty of employee to report inventions. Every Department employee is required to report to...

  5. 37 CFR 4.1 - Complaints regarding invention promoters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Complaints regarding invention promoters. 4.1 Section 4.1 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL COMPLAINTS REGARDING INVENTION PROMOTERS § 4.1 Complaints...

  6. 34 CFR 7.1 - Duty of employee to report inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duty of employee to report inventions. 7.1 Section 7.1 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education EMPLOYEE INVENTIONS § 7.1 Duty of employee to report inventions. Every Department employee is required to report to the Secretary in accordance with...

  7. Identifying and Developing Inventive Talent in the Republic of Korea

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Seungmo

    2016-01-01

    In the 21st century, the need to develop creative potential through education is more critical than ever. Invention-gifted education is one approach that can both foster creativity and develop inventive talent. Invention-gifted education in the Republic of Korea is distinctive in its systematic approach to talent identification and talent…

  8. 14 CFR 1245.105 - Waiver after reporting inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Waiver after reporting inventions. 1245.105 Section 1245.105 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.105 Waiver after reporting inventions. (a) The...

  9. 14 CFR 1245.105 - Waiver after reporting inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Waiver after reporting inventions. 1245.105 Section 1245.105 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.105 Waiver after reporting inventions. (a) The...

  10. Rhetorical Invention and Advanced Literacy: An Historical Perspective.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hagaman, John

    Recent criticism of rhetorical invention faults the discipline for not promoting "advanced literacy," defined as the use of critical reading and writing abilities to serve social ends. Aristotle's vision of rhetoric has contributed significantly to a cognitive view of invention, but Aristotle also acknowledged the importance of social…

  11. 45 CFR 7.1 - Duty of employee to report inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Duty of employee to report inventions. 7.1 Section 7.1 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEE INVENTIONS § 7.1 Duty of employee to report inventions. Every Department employee is required to report to the Assistant Secretary (Health and Scientific...

  12. 10 CFR 784.5 - Waiver of identified inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... extent to which the Government has contributed to the field of technology of the invention; (e) The... contractor has made or will make substantial investment of financial resources or technology developed at the... extent to which the field of technology of the invention has been developed at the contractor's expense...

  13. Patent protection for structural genomics-related inventions.

    PubMed

    Vinarov, Sara D

    2003-01-01

    Recently there have been some important developments with respect to the patentability of inventions in the field of structural genomics. The leaders of the European Patent Office (EPO), Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent Office (USPTO) came together for a trilateral meeting to conduct a comparative study on protein 3-dimensional (3-D) structure related claims in an effort to come to a mutual understanding about the examination of such inventions. The three patent offices were presented with eight different cases: 1) 3-D structural data of a protein per se; 2) computer-readable storage medium encoded with structural data of a protein; 3) protein defined by its tertiary structure; 4) crystals of known proteins; 5) binding pockets and protein domains; 6) and 7) are both directed to in silico screening methods directed to a specific protein; and 8) pharmacophores. The preliminary conclusions reached at the trilateral meeting provide clarity regarding the types of inventions that may be patentable given a specific set of scientific facts in a patent application. Therefore, the guidance provided by this study will help inventors, attorneys and other patent practitioners who file for patent protection on structural genomics-based inventions both here and abroad comply with the patentability requirements of each office.

  14. 14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... invention or discovery which is or may be patentable or otherwise protectable under Title 35 of the United... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

  15. Concept inventing: a humanbecoming perspective on suffering.

    PubMed

    Doucet, Thomas

    2014-04-01

    Sufferance is a universal living experience. In view of the humanbecoming theoretical perspective, concept inventing is a way to expand understanding about a phenomenon of interest and to contribute to nursing knowledge development. This column offers a synthetic definition of sufferance in light of the concept inventing process. Sufferance is anguishing turbulence in weaving the cherished arising with luminous shifting. At the theoretical level, sufferance is imaging in the valuing connecting-separating of transforming.

  16. Pulsed laser deposition—invention or discovery?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Venkatesan, T.

    2014-01-01

    The evolution of pulsed laser deposition had been an exciting process of invention and discovery, with the development of high Tc superconducting films as the main driver. It has become the method of choice in research and development for rapid prototyping of multicomponent inorganic materials for preparing a variety of thin films, heterostructures and atomically sharp interfaces, and has become an indispensable tool for advancing oxide electronics. In this paper I will give a personal account of the invention and development of this process at Bellcore/Rutgers, the opportunity, challenges and mostly the extraordinary excitement that was generated, typical of any disruptive technology.

  17. Invention and business performance in the tissue-engineering industry.

    PubMed

    Pangarkar, Nitin; Hutmacher, Dietmar W

    2003-12-01

    Tissue engineering is a young and interdisciplinary scientific discipline but it offers exciting opportunities to improve the quality of health care for hundreds of thousands of patients. Lured by its potential, several start-up companies, pharmaceutical corporations, and medical device enterprises alike are investing heavily in this sector. Invention is a key driver of competition in this sector. In this study, we aim to explain the variation in inventive output across the different firms in the sector. Our major premise is that firms that forge alliances will be able to tap into the expertise of their partners and thus improve their chances of inventive output. We further argue that alliances that enable technology acquisition or learning will enhance the inventive output of firms more than other kinds of alliances. We measure the inventive output of a company by the number of patents filed. On the basis of a preliminary analysis of seven companies, we find support for the hypotheses. We also argue that, to achieve commercial success, firms need to manage time to market (through alliances or otherwise), have a global outlook, nurture their financial resources, and attain critical mass through mergers.

  18. A Critical Survey of Resources for Teaching Rhetorical Invention: A Review-Essay.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harrington, David V.; And Others

    1979-01-01

    A review of available textbooks and other resources dealing with neo-classical invention, prewriting, tagmemic invention and linguistic theory, the dramatistic method, and invention in speech communication. (DD)

  19. The Soul of Invention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nelson, Scott Reynolds

    2013-01-01

    Technology shifts gears. The workers who control it need to learn how to shift gears, too. Workers brought up with universal schooling would respect authority, learn enough "geometry and mechanics" to use in their trades, keep invention alive, and finally see through "the interested complaints of faction and sedition." In other…

  20. 37 CFR 1.296 - Withdrawal of request for publication of statutory invention registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... publication of statutory invention registration. 1.296 Section 1.296 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights... for publication of statutory invention registration. A request for a statutory invention registration... for publication of a statutory invention registration. The request to withdraw may also include a...

  1. 78 FR 19743 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ..., Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Inventions for Licensing. SUMMARY: Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned... Continuous Aerodynamic Control Surfaces and Methods for Active Wing Shaping Control; NASA Case No.: ARC-16846...

  2. Patents & Inventions: An Information Aid for Inventors. Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patent Office (DOC), Washington, DC.

    This pamphlet explains what a patent is, discusses the importance of patents, and gives basic steps to take in obtaining a patent. A section on marketing and developing inventions is also included along with answers to questions frequently asked concerning patents and inventions. (MN)

  3. 37 CFR 1.499 - Unity of invention during the national stage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Unity of invention during the... Provisions National Stage § 1.499 Unity of invention during the national stage. If the examiner finds that a national stage application lacks unity of invention under § 1.475, the examiner may in an Office action...

  4. 76 FR 66727 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for...

  5. Invention in the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roman, Harry T.

    2004-01-01

    Invention offers many benefits as a unit of study. It teaches valuable process, subject integration, and critical thinking skills. It is especially relevant to American history. Over 60 percent of the annual growth in U.S. gross national product comes from technological advances. Technology is the cardiovascular system of the U.S. economy.…

  6. 14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

  7. 14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

  8. 14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

  9. Playful Invention and Exploration. Final Evaluation Report: Executive Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    St. John; Mark; Carroll, Becky; Helms, Jen; Smith, Anita

    2008-01-01

    PIE (Playful Invention and Exploration) is a unique approach to learning that centers on the use of technology and design challenges to create powerful learning experiences in informal education settings. The Playful Invention and Exploration (PIE) Institute project was funded in 2005 by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Overall, 150…

  10. 28 CFR 345.73 - Procedures for granting awards for suggestions or inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... suggestions or inventions. 345.73 Section 345.73 Judicial Administration FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES, INC... for granting awards for suggestions or inventions. Inmate suggestions for improvements in operations... the SOI. (b) The SOI shall ensure that all inmate suggestions and/or inventions formally submitted are...

  11. 75 FR 32184 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-07

    ... ELISA for Detection of Serum Levels of Soluble IL-15 Receptor Alpha Description of Invention: The invention is an ELISA based assay that can be used in the clinical setting to detect the presence of soluble...-15R expression. Advantages: The assay is in the industry accepted ELISA format. This non-radioactive...

  12. Inventions: Waiting for Eureka

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Engelfried, Steven

    2010-01-01

    Legend has it that when Archimedes made a discovery related to water displacement, he leapt out of a bath declaring, "Eureka!" Whether true or not, the tale serves as a symbol for the notion that a burst of inspiration can lead to an exciting new discovery. Most books about inventions, however, tell a different story. The path from the germ of an…

  13. Must an Inventor “Possess” an Invention to Patent It?

    PubMed Central

    Woessner, Warren D.; Chadwick, Robin A.

    2014-01-01

    The requirements for patenting inventions relating to biotechnology have become increasingly strict and complicated in recent years. Despite early patent rulings that there is no need for an inventor to “reduce to practice” an invention, the courts are now ruling that an inventor must “possess” his or her invention before filing for patent. This review discusses what such “possession” may mean and describes decisions in which courts have found that an inventor has met or failed the possession test before filing for patent protection. PMID:25237144

  14. De-Mystifying Inventive Thinking: A Survey with Pedagogic Implications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Andre

    2013-01-01

    Students on an enterprise course running in a number of colleges in the UK in which invention and innovation formed part of the curriculum were asked to complete a questionnaire immediately upon having an inventive thought in an attempt to establish the thinking processes involved. Results from those who had ideas that subsequently proved to be…

  15. 76 FR 47217 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-04

    .... 2009;7:1-32. [PMID: 19381306]. 2. Yang XO, et al. T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by.... SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for...: Licensing information and copies of the U.S. patent applications listed below may be obtained by writing to...

  16. The Inventive Thinking Curriculum Project. An Outreach Program of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Third Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.

    The Inventive Thinking Curriculum Project is one of the many projects included in the national outreach program of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. It is designed to be used in conjunction with a thinking skills program as a means of applying critical and creative thinking and problem-solving skills through the activity of creating an…

  17. Using the Study of Inventions and Technologies to Interest Students in History.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beardsley, Donna A.

    This document suggests uses ways of using inventions and technologies to teach history. A list of inventions and technologies can suggest topics for student research. Books about inventions and technologies are plentiful and a good source of information for students. A field trip might be helpful, or students can interview people who are in a…

  18. NIH Employee Invention Report (EIR) | NCI Technology Transfer Center | TTC

    Cancer.gov

    NIH researchers must immediately contact their Laboratory or Branch Chief and inform him or her of a possible invention, and then consult with your NCI TTC Technology Transfer Manager about submitting an Employee Invention Report (EIR) Form. | [google6f4cd5334ac394ab.html

  19. Morphological Awareness and Children's Writing: Accuracy, Error, and Invention

    PubMed Central

    McCutchen, Deborah; Stull, Sara

    2014-01-01

    This study examined the relationship between children's morphological awareness and their ability to produce accurate morphological derivations in writing. Fifth-grade U.S. students (n = 175) completed two writing tasks that invited or required morphological manipulation of words. We examined both accuracy and error, specifically errors in spelling and errors of the sort we termed morphological inventions, which entailed inappropriate, novel pairings of stems and suffixes. Regressions were used to determine the relationship between morphological awareness, morphological accuracy, and spelling accuracy, as well as between morphological awareness and morphological inventions. Linear regressions revealed that morphological awareness uniquely predicted children's generation of accurate morphological derivations, regardless of whether or not accurate spelling was required. A logistic regression indicated that morphological awareness was also uniquely predictive of morphological invention, with higher morphological awareness increasing the probability of morphological invention. These findings suggest that morphological knowledge may not only assist children with spelling during writing, but may also assist with word production via generative experimentation with morphological rules during sentence generation. Implications are discussed for the development of children's morphological knowledge and relationships with writing. PMID:25663748

  20. Dissonance and Difference: Invention Strategies for a Feminist Composition Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Langstraat, Lisa R.

    A feminist composition classroom concentrates on undermining the Platonic view of invention as the private act of an atomistic individual and replacing it with inventional strategies that heighten students' awareness of the social, political, and economic factors which make writing and reading a gendered activity. These alternate strategies allow…

  1. 48 CFR 252.227-7039 - Patents-reporting of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patents-reporting of... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.227-7039 Patents—reporting of subject inventions. As prescribed in 227.303(1), use the following clause: Patents—Reporting of Subject Inventions (APR 1990) The...

  2. 48 CFR 252.227-7039 - Patents-reporting of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Patents-reporting of... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.227-7039 Patents—reporting of subject inventions. As prescribed in 227.303(1), use the following clause: Patents—Reporting of Subject Inventions (APR 1990) The...

  3. 48 CFR 252.227-7039 - Patents-reporting of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Patents-reporting of... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.227-7039 Patents—reporting of subject inventions. As prescribed in 227.303(1), use the following clause: Patents—Reporting of Subject Inventions (APR 1990) The...

  4. 48 CFR 252.227-7039 - Patents-reporting of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Patents-reporting of... CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.227-7039 Patents—reporting of subject inventions. As prescribed in 227.303(1), use the following clause: Patents—Reporting of Subject Inventions (APR 1990) The...

  5. Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Aden, Roger C.

    1989-01-01

    Examines Ronald Reagan's use of inventional metaphors of entrapment and escape, language meshing with the American public's perception of the economy in the early 1980s. Notes that Reagan's reliance on inventional metaphors produced a rigidity in his approach to new situations, ultimately damaging his ability to lead the nation. (MM)

  6. 37 CFR 1.71 - Detailed description and specification of the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... enable any person skilled in the art or science to which the invention or discovery appertains, or with... specification must include a written description of the invention or discovery and of the manner and process of...

  7. 37 CFR 1.71 - Detailed description and specification of the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... enable any person skilled in the art or science to which the invention or discovery appertains, or with... specification must include a written description of the invention or discovery and of the manner and process of...

  8. Inventive Performance Improvement of Integrated Optical Rate Sensor Using TIPS/TRIZ

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Blosiu, Julian O.; Youmans, Bruce R.; Kowalick, Jim

    1996-01-01

    The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS or also known as TRIZ) is a new scientific approach to innovative improvements of products and processes. This methodology was applied to inventively improve performance of an Integrated Optic Rate Sensor (IORS).

  9. 14 CFR § 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. § 1260.59A Section § 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

  10. From Indian Corn to Outer Space: Women Invent in America.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Showell, Ellen H.; Amram, Fred M. B.

    This book is about women who have made contributions that have changed the world and continue to change lives, sometimes having overcome enormous social obstacles. It examines American history to find women who have invented for fun and profit, invented to make their own lives better, and who, as a result of their employment by the National…

  11. Drug Delivery Research: The Invention Cycle.

    PubMed

    Park, Kinam

    2016-07-05

    Controlled drug delivery systems have been successful in introducing improved formulations for better use of existing drugs and novel delivery of biologicals. The initial success of producing many oral products and some injectable depot formulations, however, reached a plateau, and the progress over the past three decades has been slow. This is likely due to the difficulties of formulating hydrophilic, high molecular weight drugs, such as proteins and nucleic acids, for targeting specific cells, month-long sustained delivery, and pulsatile release. Since the approaches that have served well for delivery of small molecules are not applicable to large molecules, it is time to develop new methods for biologicals. The process of developing future drug delivery systems, termed as the invention cycle, is proposed, and it starts with clearly defining the problems for developing certain formulations. Once the problems are well-defined, creative imagination examines all potential options and selects the best answer and alternatives. Then, innovation takes over to generate unique solutions for developing new formulations that resolve the previously identified problems. Ultimately, the new delivery systems will have to go through a translational process to produce the final formulations for clinical use. The invention cycle also emphasizes examining the reasons for success of certain formulations, not just the reasons for failure of many systems. Implementation of the new invention cycle requires new mechanisms of funding the younger generation of scientists and a new way of identifying their achievements, thereby releasing them from the burden of short-termism.

  12. A Detailed Study of Patent System for Protection of Inventions

    PubMed Central

    Tulasi, G. Krishna; Rao, B. Subba

    2008-01-01

    Creations of brain are called intellect. Since these creations have good commercial value, are called as property. Inventions are intellectual property and can be protected by patents provided the invention is novel, non-obvious, useful and enabled. To have fare trade among member countries, World Trade Organisation proposed TRIPS agreement. India had taken necessary initiation by signing the World Trade Organisation agreement and transformed to global needs. The aim of this article is to enlighten pharmaceutical professionals especially in the field of research and development about planning inventions by thorough review of prior-art, which saves time and money. A thorough understanding is made possible by providing details of origin; present governing bodies, their role along with the Act that is safeguarding the patent system. PMID:21394248

  13. 75 FR 65614 - Availability for Non-Exclusive or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of Invention Concerning...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    ... Licensing of Invention Concerning Obstetrics Simulation and Training Method System AGENCY: Department of the... invention set forth in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/670,250, entitled ``Obstetrics Simulation and... simulation system. An embodiment of the invention provides an obstetrics simulation system compromising an...

  14. 45 CFR 650.10 - Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. 650.10 Section 650.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.10 Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. Section 401.13(a...

  15. 45 CFR 650.10 - Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. 650.10 Section 650.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.10 Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. Section 401.13(a...

  16. 45 CFR 650.10 - Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. 650.10 Section 650.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.10 Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. Section 401.13(a...

  17. Access to patents as sources to musical acoustics inventions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brock-Nannestad, George

    2005-09-01

    Patents are important sources for the development of any technology. The paper addresses modern methods of access to patent publications relating to musical acoustics, in particular the constructions of instruments and components for instruments, methods for tuning, methods for teaching, and measuring equipment. The patent publications available are, among others, from the U.S., England, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the date range is from ca. 1880 to the present day. The two main searchable websites use different classification systems in their approach, and by suitable combination of the information it is possible to target the search efficiently. The paper will demonstrate the recent transfer of inventions relating to physical instruments to electronic simulations, and the fact that most recent inventions were made by independent inventors. A specific example is given by discussing the proposals for improved pipe organ and violin constructions invented in Denmark in the 1930s by Jarnak based on patented improvements for telephone reproducers.

  18. 37 CFR 1.475 - Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... general inventive concept (“requirement of unity of invention”). Where a group of inventions is claimed in... so linked as to form a single general inventive concept shall be made without regard to whether the...

  19. Invented Spelling, Word Stress, and Phonological Awareness in Relation to Reading Difficulties in Children

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mehta, Sheena

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of the current research is to assess the clinical utility of an invented spelling tool and determine whether invented spelling and word stress (supra-segmental level measures) can also be used to better identify reading difficulties. The proposed invented spelling tool incorporated linguistic manipulations to alter the difficulty…

  20. Contemporary Inventional Theory: An Aristotelian Model.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Skopec, Eric W.

    Contemporary rhetoricians are concerned with the re-examination of classical doctrines in the hope of finding solutions to current problems. In this study, the author presents a methodological perspective consistent with current interests, by re-examining the assumptions that underlie each classical precept. He outlines an inventional system based…

  1. The Invention Convention: Mind Meets Simple Machines.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hadi-Tabassum, Samina

    1997-01-01

    Describes an Earth Day celebration where students had to design an invention made of simple machines that could crush an empty aluminum can through 10 rapid mechanical movements using materials foraged from the students' homes. (JRH)

  2. Inventing Freud.

    PubMed

    Rudnytsky, Peter L

    2008-06-01

    Written to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Freud's birth, this paper construes Nina Coltart's statement that "if Freud did not exist it would be necessary to invent him," with its implicit comparison of Freud to God, to refer to (a) the things that Freud taught that are incontrovertibly true; (b) the unavoidable subjectivity in all judgments of Freud; and (c) the resemblances between psychoanalysis and religion. This last comparison is likewise seen to have both positive and negative aspects. Freud's ideas have inspired many people, yet he unscientifically arrogated sovereign authority over psychoanalysis. Freud's admirers are reminded of his extreme difficulty in admitting he was wrong and changing his mind when he should have known better, while his detractors are encouraged to consider the evidence supporting many of Freud's core tenets and to recognize that his discovery of psychoanalysis is indeed one of the supreme achievements in human history.

  3. 45 CFR 650.10 - Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. 650.10 Section 650.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.10 Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. Section 401.13(a) of the implementing regulation for the Bay...

  4. 45 CFR 650.10 - Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. 650.10 Section 650.10 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.10 Inventions also supported by another Federal Agency. Section 401.13(a) of the implementing regulation for the Bay...

  5. Invention, Technology, and the GI Bill

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Parkin, Robert E.

    2008-01-01

    The era of industrialization was also the age of invention, which spurred technology that in turn required skills not provided by existing educational institutions. In particular, the traditional elite higher education centers could not, or would not, provide the training in the numbers needed for a technical and increasingly global economy. The…

  6. 37 CFR 1.295 - Review of decision finally refusing to publish a statutory invention registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... refusing to publish a statutory invention registration. 1.295 Section 1.295 Patents, Trademarks, and... decision finally refusing to publish a statutory invention registration. (a) Any requester who is dissatisfied with the final refusal to publish a statutory invention registration for reasons other than...

  7. Inventing a new diagnostic test for vaginal infection.

    PubMed Central

    O'Dowd, T. C.; Bourne, N.

    1994-01-01

    Bacterial vaginosis, which is underdiagnosed in clinical practice, has a characteristic fishy smell because of production of diamines. This smell is the basis of a visual rapid diagnostic test that is technically simple to perform. The test has been patented in Europe and America, and a licence agreement has been negotiated. This paper describes the process from idea to invention to patenting and licensing. The combined costs of research and patenting were met by a multinational company in return for rights to exploit the patent invention. The process has taken nine years and has needed clinical, scientific, legal, and commercial input to get the test to the marketplace. Images p41-a PMID:8044068

  8. 76 FR 42684 - Statutory Invention Registration

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-19

    ... 3.00 Totals 8 10.00 There is annual (non-hour) cost burden in the way of filing fees associated with...) Filing fee $ cost burden (a) (b) (a x b) (c) Statutory Invention Registration (Requested prior to 2 $920...) respondent cost burden for this collection in the form of postage costs and filing fees will be $8,170. IV...

  9. Invented Rule with English Language Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boyer, Valerie E.; Martin, Kathryn Y.

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to utilize an invented rule with English language learners (ELLs) in a clinical setting to determine differences based on language and age of the children. The performance was correlated with teacher reports of strong and weak language learning. Using a within-participants design, ELLs of age three to five were taught…

  10. Controversy as a Mode of Invention: The Example of James and Freud.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McClish, Glen

    1991-01-01

    Counteracts the overemphasis on introspection that potentially limits composition students' progress in argumentation by endorsing a renewal of classical rhetoric and invention. Explores texts by William James and Sigmund Freud, which are suitable works to provide the framework necessary for a confrontation-based classroom approach to invention.…

  11. Invention and History of the Bubble Chamber (LBNL Summer Lecture Series)

    ScienceCinema

    Glaser, Don [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2018-01-12

    Summer Lecture Series 2006: Don Glaser won the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 1952 invention of the bubble chamber at Berkeley Lab, a type of particle detector that became the mainstay of high-energy physics research throughout the 1960s and 1970s. He discusses how, inspired by bubbles in a glass of beer, he invented the bubble chamber and detected cosmic-ray muons.

  12. Inventions on baker's yeast storage and activation at the bakery plant.

    PubMed

    Gélinas, Pierre

    2010-01-01

    Baker's yeast is the gas-forming ingredient in bakery products. Methods have been invented to properly handle baker's yeast and optimize its activity at the bakery plant. Over the years, incentives for inventions on yeast storage and activation have greatly changed depending on trends in the baking industry. For example, retailer's devices for cutting bulk pressed yeast and techniques for activating dry yeast have now lost their importance. Review of patents for invention indicates that activation of baker's yeast activity has been a very important issue for bakers, for example, with baking ingredients called yeast foods. In the recent years and especially for highly automated bakeries, interest has moved to equipments and processes for optimized storage of liquid cream yeast to thoroughly control dough fermentation and bread quality.

  13. 45 CFR 650.19 - Electronic invention handling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electronic invention handling. 650.19 Section 650.19 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION... Office of the General Counsel, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230...

  14. 48 CFR 1253.227-70 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... report inventions made in the course of contract performance, as specified in 1227.305-4: DD Form 882, Report of Inventions and Subcontracts. DD Form 882 can be found at http://www.aro.army.mil/forms/d882.pdf. ...

  15. Invented Tradition and How Physical Education Curricula in the Australian Capital Territory Has Resisted Indigenous Mention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, John

    2016-01-01

    This article reports how "invented tradition" [Hobsbawm, E. (2012), "Introduction: Inventing traditions." In E. Hobsbawm & T. Ranger (Eds.), "The invention of tradition" (pp. 1-14). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press] as a long-term process has contributed to Indigenous students experiencing physical…

  16. Featured Invention: Laser Scaling Device

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dunn, Carol Anne

    2008-01-01

    In September 2003, NASA signed a nonexclusive license agreement with Armor Forensics, a subsidiary of Armor Holdings, Inc., for the laser scaling device under the Innovative Partnerships Program. Coupled with a measuring program, also developed by NASA, the unit provides crime scene investigators with the ability to shoot photographs at scale without having to physically enter the scene, analyzing details such as bloodspatter patterns and graffiti. This ability keeps the scene's components intact and pristine for the collection of information and evidence. The laser scaling device elegantly solved a pressing problem for NASA's shuttle operations team and also provided industry with a useful tool. For NASA, the laser scaling device is still used to measure divots or damage to the shuttle's external tank and other structures around the launchpad. When the invention also met similar needs within industry, the Innovative Partnerships Program provided information to Armor Forensics for licensing and marketing the laser scaling device. Jeff Kohler, technology transfer agent at Kennedy, added, "We also invited a representative from the FBI's special photography unit to Kennedy to meet with Armor Forensics and the innovator. Eventually the FBI ended up purchasing some units. Armor Forensics is also beginning to receive interest from DoD [Department of Defense] for use in military crime scene investigations overseas."

  17. Inventing Graphing: Meta-Representational Expertise in Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiSessa, Andra A.; And Others

    1991-01-01

    A cooperative activity involving eight sixth grade students over five days focused on inventing static representations of motion. In generating, critiquing and refining numerous representations, strong metarepresentational competence was found. An intricate blend of the children's conceptual and interactional skills, their interest in and sense of…

  18. Inventing Democracy: Future Alternatives for Social Action.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Deethardt, John F.

    1983-01-01

    Considers the rational basis for participatory democracy and six ideas designed to embody that conceptual basis. Contends that the mission of speech communication scholars to the civic culture should be an activation of civic competencies and an invention of new places to practice free speech skills. (PD)

  19. The Telephone: An Invention with Many Fathers

    ScienceCinema

    Brenni, Paolo [CNR-FST-IMSS, Florence, Italy

    2017-12-09

    The names of A.G. Bell, A. Meucci, P.Reis, E. Gray, just to mention the most important ones, are all connected with the invention of the telephone. Today, the Italian inventor A. Meucci is recognized as being the first to propose a working prototype of the electric telephone. However, for a series of reasons his strenuous efforts were not rewarded. I will not repeat here the endless and complex disputes about the “real father” of the telephone. From an historical point of view it is more interesting to understand why so many individuals from different backgrounds conceived of a similar apparatus and why most of these devices were simply forgotten or just remained laboratory curiosities. The case of the development of the telephone is an emblematic and useful example for better understanding the intricate factors which are involved in the birth of an invention and reasons for its success and failure.

  20. Creative inventive design and research

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kerley, James J.

    1994-06-01

    This paper is a summary of a course given at the Goddard Space Flight Center for graduate engineers entitled 'Creative Inventive Design and Research.' This course strikes at the heart of the problem as it describes the thinking process itself before it goes deeper into the design process as a structured method for performing creative design. Many problem examples and figures are presented in a form that should make clear to all students what this process is and how it can be used.

  1. Creative inventive design and research

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kerley, James J.

    1994-01-01

    This paper is a summary of a course given at the Goddard Space Flight Center for graduate engineers entitled 'Creative Inventive Design and Research.' This course strikes at the heart of the problem as it describes the thinking process itself before it goes deeper into the design process as a structured method for performing creative design. Many problem examples and figures are presented in a form that should make clear to all students what this process is and how it can be used.

  2. The Invention and Early History of the N-Localizer for Stereotactic Neurosurgery

    PubMed Central

    Nelson, James A

    2016-01-01

    Nearly four decades after the invention of the N-localizer, its origin and history remain misunderstood. Some are unaware that a third-year medical student invented this technology. The following conspectus accurately chronicles the origin of the N-localizer, presents recently discovered evidence that documents its history, and corrects misconceptions related to its origin and early history. PMID:27462476

  3. 37 CFR 1.294 - Examination of request for publication of a statutory invention registration and patent...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... publication of a statutory invention registration and patent application to which the request is directed. 1... Public Use Proceedings § 1.294 Examination of request for publication of a statutory invention registration and patent application to which the request is directed. (a) Any request for a statutory invention...

  4. Patenting inventions arising from biological research

    PubMed Central

    Latimer, Matthew T

    2005-01-01

    Patents are the most important way in which researchers can protect the income that might come from ideas or technologies they have developed. This article describes the steps involved and the considerations needed for successful granting of a patent. For instance, inventions must be novel and not obvious, adequately described, and useful, and they should not be disclosed publicly before a patent is applied for. PMID:15642107

  5. 77 FR 65603 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Inventing Abstraction...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-29

    ... Determinations: ``Inventing Abstraction, 1910-1925'' SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of the following... exhibition ``Inventing Abstraction, 1910-1925,'' imported from abroad for temporary exhibition within the... objects at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York, from on or about December 23, 2012, until on or...

  6. 77 FR 61748 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing AGENCY: Department of the Navy, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The inventions listed... BREATHING//Patent No. 7,813,529: OPTICAL 3-D SURFACE TOMOGRAPHY USING DEPTH FROM FOCUS OF PARTIALLY...

  7. Pinyin Invented Spelling in Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Children with and without Reading Difficulties

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ding, Yi; Liu, Ru-De; McBride, Catherine; Zhang, Dake

    2015-01-01

    This study examined analytical pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching pronunciation and lexical tones of Chinese characters) skills in 54 Mandarin-speaking fourth graders by using an invented spelling instrument that tapped into syllable awareness, phoneme awareness, lexical tones, and tone sandhi in Chinese. Pinyin invented spelling…

  8. 7 CFR 1220.254 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF..., franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications, inure to the benefit of...

  9. Patent Work: The Other Side of Invention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dillon, Tamara

    2009-01-01

    In popular culture, the inventor is often portrayed as a lone tinkerer who emerges from a workshop with some magnificent new device. In reality, most inventions are the collaborative effort of scientists and engineers--usually researchers affiliated with a college or corporation--that result in the discovery, creation, or improvement of either…

  10. Pinyin and English Invented Spelling in Chinese-Speaking Students Who Speak English as a Second Language.

    PubMed

    Ding, Yi; Liu, Ru-De; McBride, Catherine A; Fan, Chung-Hau; Xu, Le; Wang, Jia

    2018-05-07

    This study examined pinyin (the official phonetic system that transcribes the lexical tones and pronunciation of Chinese characters) invented spelling and English invented spelling in 72 Mandarin-speaking 6th graders who learned English as their second language. The pinyin invented spelling task measured segmental-level awareness including syllable and phoneme awareness, and suprasegmental-level awareness including lexical tones and tone sandhi in Chinese Mandarin. The English invented spelling task manipulated segmental-level awareness including syllable awareness and phoneme awareness, and suprasegmental-level awareness including word stress. This pinyin task outperformed a traditional phonological awareness task that only measured segmental-level awareness and may have optimal utility to measure unique phonological and linguistic features in Chinese reading. The pinyin invented spelling uniquely explained variance in Chinese conventional spelling and word reading in both languages. The English invented spelling uniquely explained variance in conventional spelling and word reading in both languages. Our findings appear to support the role of phonological activation in Chinese reading. Our experimental linguistic manipulations altered the phonological awareness item difficulties.

  11. Using History to Teach Invention and Design: The Case of the Telephone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gorman, Michael E.; Robinson, J. Kirby

    This paper shows how a historical case, the invention of the telephone, can be used to teach invention and design in a way that combines engineering, social sciences, and humanities. The historical problem of transmitting speech was turned into an active learning module, in which students sought to improve patents obtained by early telephone inventors like Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray, using equipment similar to what was available at the time. The result was a collaborative learning environment in which students from a wide range of majors worked in teams, eventually producing a patent application. As part of the project, they were allowed to search historical materials like the Bell notebooks, which were made available on line. This experience gave them a better understanding of the invention and design process.

  12. 45 CFR 2543.85 - Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., or research work shall provide for the rights of the Federal Government and the recipient in any... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Rights to inventions made under a contract or..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Statutory Compliance § 2543.85 Rights to inventions made under...

  13. 77 FR 7655 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Inventing the Modern...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 7795] Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: ``Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's Fairs, 1851-1939'' SUMMARY: Notice... objects to be included in the exhibition ``Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's...

  14. The needs analysis of learning Inventive Problem Solving for technical and vocational students

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sai'en, Shanty; Tze Kiong, Tee; Yunos, Jailani Md; Foong, Lee Ming; Heong, Yee Mei; Mohaffyza Mohamad, Mimi

    2017-08-01

    Malaysian Ministry of Education highlighted in their National Higher Education Strategic plan that higher education’s need to focus adopting 21st century skills in order to increase a graduate’s employability. Current research indicates that most graduate lack of problem solving skills to help them securing the job. Realising the important of this skill hence an alternative way suggested as an option for high institution’s student to solve their problem. This study was undertaken to measure the level of problem solving skills, identify the needs of learning inventive problem solving skills and the needs of developing an Inventive problem solving module. Using a questionnaire, the study sampled 132 students from Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education. Findings indicated that majority of the students fail to define what is an inventive problem and the root cause of a problem. They also unable to state the objectives and goal thus fail to solve the problem. As a result, the students agreed on the developing Inventive Problem Solving Module to assist them.

  15. 78 FR 57665 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ...Patent applications on the inventions listed below assigned to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and are available for licensing.

  16. 7 CFR 1160.505 - Patents, copyrights, inventions and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... funds collected under the provisions of this subpart are the property of the United States Government as... the rental, sale, leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or...

  17. Promotion of School Children's Invention in Japan.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sakamoto, Takashi

    1989-01-01

    In the late 1980s an American newspaper reported that by one measure--the number of patents cited by successive inventors--Japan overtook the United States in the number of inventions produced during the 1970s. The reasons for this are not clear, but educational efforts promoting creative behaviors in school children are probably essential and…

  18. Does Group Composition Affect Learning by Invention?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wiedmann, Michael; Leach, Ryan C.; Rummel, Nikol; Wiley, Jennifer

    2012-01-01

    Schwartz and Martin ("Cogn Instr" 22:129-184, 2004) as well as Kapur ("Instr Sci", this issue, 2012) have found that students can be better prepared to learn about mathematical formulas when they try to invent them in small groups before receiving the canonical formula from a lesson. The purpose of the present research was to investigate how the…

  19. Significant NASA inventions available for licensing in foreign countries

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1986-01-01

    Abstracts of various NASA-owned inventions which are available for foreign licensing in the identified countries are listed in accordance with the NASA Patent Licensing Regulations. Instructions for requested applicatons are explained.

  20. 7 CFR 1230.88 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... provisions of this subpart shall be the property of the United States Government as represented by the Board..., leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or publications inure to the...

  1. Translating three states of knowledge--discovery, invention, and innovation

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background Knowledge Translation (KT) has historically focused on the proper use of knowledge in healthcare delivery. A knowledge base has been created through empirical research and resides in scholarly literature. Some knowledge is amenable to direct application by stakeholders who are engaged during or after the research process, as shown by the Knowledge to Action (KTA) model. Other knowledge requires multiple transformations before achieving utility for end users. For example, conceptual knowledge generated through science or engineering may become embodied as a technology-based invention through development methods. The invention may then be integrated within an innovative device or service through production methods. To what extent is KT relevant to these transformations? How might the KTA model accommodate these additional development and production activities while preserving the KT concepts? Discussion Stakeholders adopt and use knowledge that has perceived utility, such as a solution to a problem. Achieving a technology-based solution involves three methods that generate knowledge in three states, analogous to the three classic states of matter. Research activity generates discoveries that are intangible and highly malleable like a gas; development activity transforms discoveries into inventions that are moderately tangible yet still malleable like a liquid; and production activity transforms inventions into innovations that are tangible and immutable like a solid. The paper demonstrates how the KTA model can accommodate all three types of activity and address all three states of knowledge. Linking the three activities in one model also illustrates the importance of engaging the relevant stakeholders prior to initiating any knowledge-related activities. Summary Science and engineering focused on technology-based devices or services change the state of knowledge through three successive activities. Achieving knowledge implementation requires methods that

  2. 37 CFR 1.73 - Summary of the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Summary of the invention. 1.73 Section 1.73 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification...

  3. 37 CFR 1.73 - Summary of the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Summary of the invention. 1.73 Section 1.73 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification...

  4. Keys to Taking Your Nanotech Inventions to the Market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rickert, Scott

    Although many scientists and engineers may wish to be an owner of something they invented, and then take that something to the market, there are many obstacles to do so. Many of these roadblocks are self-imposed, and many more are there because most of us are not aware of the very strict rules that exist in the world of marketing, selling, and manufacturing in the United States. This lecture will identify a small subset of these obstacles and discuss some ways to overcome them. Belief in your goals is most important, and this belief must be shared by others, or you cannot succeed. Believe it or not, no one wants to steal your ideas or inventions. They would much rather have you take it to market yourself. This really is a lecture about winning.

  5. 37 CFR 501.6 - Criteria for the determination of rights in and to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SECRETARY FOR TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE UNIFORM PATENT POLICY FOR RIGHTS IN INVENTIONS MADE BY..., which may issue on such invention. Reference is made to section 15 of the Federal Technology Transfer... any art or process, machine, design, manufacture, or composition of matter; (ii) To conduct or perform...

  6. Teachers' learning on the workshop of STS approach as a way of enhancing inventive thinking skills

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ngaewkoodrua, Nophakun; Yuenyong, Chokchai

    2018-01-01

    To improve science teachers to develop the STS lesson plans for enhancing the students' inventive thinking skills, the workshop of improving science teachers to develop the STS lesson plans for enhancing the Inventive thinking skills were organized. The paper aimed to clarify what teachers learn from the workshop. The goal of the activity of the workshop aimed to: 1) improve participants a better understanding of the relationship between the Inquiry based learning with STS approach, 2) understand the meaning and importance of the STS approach and identify the various stages of Yuenyong (2006) STS learning process, 3) discuss what they learned from the examples of Yuenyong (2006) lesson plan, 4) develop some activities for each stage of Yuenyong (2006) STS approach, and 5) ideas of providing STS approach activities for enhancing inventive thinking skills. Participants included 3 science teachers who work in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Methodology regarded interpretive paradigm. Teachers' learning about pedagogy of enhancing the students' inventive thinking skills will be interpreted through participant observation, teachers' tasks, and interview. The finding revealed that all participants could demonstrate their ideas how to generate the STS lesson plans as a way of enhancing inventive thinking skills. Teachers could mention some element of inventive thinking skills which could be generated on their STS learning activities.

  7. 75 FR 5305 - Notice of Inventions Available for License

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-02

    ...The Department of Energy hereby announces that the following invention is available for license, in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 207- 209: U.S. Patent Application No. 12/401,033, entitled ``Ground Potential Rise Monitor.''

  8. A Motive of Rhetorics: Invention and Speech Acts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schneider, Michael J.

    While rhetorical theory has long been concerned with the epistemological foundations of rhetorical abilities, the full potential of the structuralist perspective is far from realized. The study of speech acts and inventive processes discloses the underlying logic of linguistic performance. A speech act is conceptualized in terms of the…

  9. 37 CFR 1.46 - Assigned inventions and patents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Assigned inventions and patents. 1.46 Section 1.46 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Who May Apply...

  10. 37 CFR 1.46 - Assigned inventions and patents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Assigned inventions and patents. 1.46 Section 1.46 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Who May Apply...

  11. 37 CFR 1.46 - Assigned inventions and patents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Assigned inventions and patents. 1.46 Section 1.46 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Who May Apply...

  12. Using Games Invention with Elementary Children--Teaching for Understanding: Tactical Approaches to Teaching Games.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Curtner-Smith, Matthew D.

    1996-01-01

    Explains how teachers of students in grades four through six can use the Teaching Games for Understanding Approach and incorporate games invention into the physical education curriculum. A three-step model is proposed: selection and modification of games; teaching games with an understanding approach; and student invention of games. Summaries of…

  13. 37 CFR 501.6 - Criteria for the determination of rights in and to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SECRETARY FOR TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE UNIFORM PATENT POLICY FOR RIGHTS IN INVENTIONS MADE BY GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES § 501.6 Criteria for the determination of rights in and to inventions. (a) The following rules shall be applied in determining the respective rights of the Government and of the inventor in and...

  14. Reflexivity and the Sociology of Science and Technology: The Invention of "Eryc" the Antibiotic

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collyer, Fran

    2011-01-01

    Until recently, the social-technical process of invention has fallen between sociological investigation of the genesis of a new idea (an ideational phenomenon) and the production of a new technology (a material phenomenon). The advent of post-modernism and post-structuralism offered new avenues for theorising invention, accounting for, on the one…

  15. 75 FR 58401 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-24

    ..., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Development of selective pharmacological... Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders Description of Invention: Current drugs used to treat schizophrenia block dopamine receptors. These drugs can effectively suppress the ``positive'' symptoms of schizophrenia but...

  16. Scientific American Inventions From Outer Space: Everyday Uses For NASA Technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, David

    2000-01-01

    The purpose of this book is to present some of the inventions highlighted in the yearly publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Spinoff. These inventions cover a wide range, some of which include improvements in health, medicine, public safety, energy, environment, resource management, computer technology, automation, construction, transportation, and manufacturing technology. NASA technology has brought forth thousands of commercial products which include athletic shoes, portable x-ray machines, and scratch-resistant sunglasses, guidance systems, lasers, solar power, robotics and prosthetic devices. These products are examples of NASA research innovations which have positively impacted the community.

  17. 37 CFR 401.8 - Reporting on utilization of subject inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... TECHNOLOGY POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE BY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SMALL BUSINESS FIRMS UNDER GOVERNMENT GRANTS, CONTRACTS, AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS § 401.8 Reporting on...

  18. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-020] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  19. 78 FR 57664 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-107] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  20. 75 FR 54656 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-08

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-106)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  1. 77 FR 54935 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (12-063)] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  2. 78 FR 19743 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-025] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  3. 78 FR 13905 - Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-01

    ... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice 13-016] Government-Owned Inventions, Available for Licensing AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ACTION: Notice of... to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have been filed in the United States Patent and...

  4. Inventing Adulthoods: A Biographical Approach to Youth Transitions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Henderson, Sheila J.; Holland, Janet; McGrellis, Sheena; Sharpe, Sue; Thomson, Rachel

    2006-01-01

    "Inventing Adulthoods: A Biographical Approach to Youth Transitions" is a ground-breaking book that offers a new approach to understanding young people's lives and their transitions to adulthood. Contrary to policy and research approaches that often see young people's lives in a fragmented way, the book argues that a biographical approach to youth…

  5. 77 FR 21573 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice... the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health...

  6. 76 FR 13193 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing AGENCY: National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS. ACTION: Notice... the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health...

  7. 78 FR 63229 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on selected inventions to..., Obesity and Their Complications Description of Technology: Endocannabinoids are lipid signaling molecules... marijuana. Activation of CB1 receptors increases appetite and the biosynthesis and storage of lipids...

  8. 75 FR 44267 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... of federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on selected... Clinical Research Description of Invention: Available for licensing is software that can provide prognostic... particular genotype has a significant association with survival time for an [[Page 44268

  9. 76 FR 51376 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-18

    ... improved planning in treatment regimen. Development Stage: In vivo data available (human). Inventors... opportunity for the rapid development of new, better tolerated treatments for the most prevalent human... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions...

  10. Pinyin Invented Spelling in Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Children With and Without Reading Difficulties.

    PubMed

    Ding, Yi; Liu, Ru-De; McBride, Catherine; Zhang, Dake

    2015-01-01

    This study examined analytical pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching pronunciation and lexical tones of Chinese characters) skills in 54 Mandarin-speaking fourth graders by using an invented spelling instrument that tapped into syllable awareness, phoneme awareness, lexical tones, and tone sandhi in Chinese. Pinyin invented spelling was significantly correlated with Chinese character recognition and Chinese phonological awareness (i.e., syllable deletion and phoneme deletion). In comparison to good and average readers, poor readers performed significantly worse on the invented spelling task, and a difference was also found between average and good readers. To differentiate readers at different levels, the pinyin invented spelling task, which examined both segmental and suprasegmental elements, was superior to the typical phonological awareness task, which examined segments only. Within this new task, items involving tone sandhi (Chinese language changes in which the tones of words alter according to predetermined rules) were more difficult to manipulate than were those without tone sandhi. The findings suggest that this newly developed task may be optimal for tapping unique phonological and linguistic features in reading of Chinese and examining particular tonal difficulties in struggling Chinese readers. In addition, the results suggest that phonics manipulations within tasks of phonological and tonal awareness can alter their difficulty levels. © Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2014.

  11. 75 FR 75968 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-07

    ... October 15, 2009. The United States Government, as represented by the Secretary of the Army, has rights to this invention. ADDRESSES: Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: Command... providing a patient-specific diagnosis of disease using clinical data. More particularly, the invention...

  12. 76 FR 22386 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-21

    ... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning the Method and Apparatus for Stereo Imaging AGENCY... ``Method and Apparatus for Stereo Imaging,'' filed on March 11, 2011. The United States Government, as...: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the generation of macro scale extremely high...

  13. 75 FR 44270 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... Cardiovascular Disease Description of Invention: This technology consists of peptides and peptide-analogues that... atherosclerosis Treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke.... Global sales for cardiovascular therapeutics are expected to exceed $50b in 2010. Inventors: Amar A...

  14. 75 FR 22118 - Notice of Invention Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... represented by the Department of Commerce. The Department of Commerce's interest in the invention is available... microfluidic apparatus and method for performing electrophoretic separation of compounds. The apparatus... mm. By the foregoing, compounds can be sequentially detected and quantified. Dated: April 21, 2010...

  15. 77 FR 71004 - Patents and Inventions; Delegation of Authority

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patents and Inventions; Delegation of Authority Notice is hereby given that I have delegated to the Deputy Associate..., and Office of Government Ethics, U.S. Office of Personnel [[Page 71005

  16. 75 FR 4573 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... clever new method developed by National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) researchers... of Federally funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on selected... of Invention: Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have recently developed a novel method...

  17. 7 CFR 550.54 - Invention disclosure and utilization reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Invention disclosure and utilization reporting. 550.54 Section 550.54 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS...

  18. The Invention Studio: A University Maker Space and Culture

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Forest, Craig R.; Moore, Roxanne A.; Jariwala, Amit S.; Fasse, Barbara Burks; Linsey, Julie; Newstetter, Wendy; Ngo, Peter; Quintero, Christopher

    2014-01-01

    Creativity, invention, and innovation are values championed as central pillars of engineering education. However, university environments that foster open-ended design-build projects are uncommon. Fabrication and prototyping spaces at universities are typically "machine shops" where students relinquish actual fabrication activities to…

  19. 76 FR 3119 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-19

    ... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of an Invention Concerning a Urinary Field Sampling Kit for the Determination.... Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/458,797, entitled ``Urinary Field Sampling Kit for the... INFORMATION: The invention relates to a urinary field sampling kit and method of its use for collecting and...

  20. 77 FR 28608 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-15

    ... which are suitable for human body CT, and provide better soft tissue contrast in radiography and CT... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions...-RNAi by simultaneously targeting several human anti-apoptotic genes with different siRNAs. NIH...

  1. 7 CFR 1280.231 - Patents, copyrights, inventions, product formulations, and publications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES... the rental, sale leasing, franchising, or other uses of such patents, copyrights, inventions, or...

  2. Invention activities as preparation for learning laboratory data handling skills

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Day, James

    2012-10-01

    Undergraduate physics laboratories are often driven by a mix of goals, and usually enough of them to cause cognitive overload for the student. Our recent findings align well with studies indicating that students often exit a physics lab without having properly learned how to handle real data. The value of having students explore the underlying structure of a problem before being able to solve it has been shown as an effective way to ready students for learning. Borrowing on findings from the fields of education and cognitive psychology, we use ``invention activities'' to precede direct instruction and bolster learning. In this talk I will show some of what we have learned about students' data handling skills, explain how an invention activity works, and share some observations of successful transfer.

  3. 76 FR 66728 - Government-Owned Inventions; Licensing and Collaborative Research Opportunity for PANVAC-Cancer...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-27

    ...The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for licensing in the U.S. in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 207 to achieve expeditious commercialization of results of federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on selected inventions to extend market coverage for companies and may also be available for licensing.

  4. 78 FR 71625 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-29

    ...-specific glycan engineering method to conjugate the antibody to the small molecule drug auristatin F. The... results in enhanced sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy treatment and in healthy tissues reduces... tissue associated with the use of anthracycline chemotherapy. The current invention builds on the NIH's...

  5. 48 CFR 27.305-4 - Protection of invention disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... disclosures. 27.305-4 Section 27.305-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights under Government Contracts 27.305-4 Protection of invention disclosures. (a) The Government will, to the extent authorized by 35 U.S...

  6. 48 CFR 27.305-4 - Protection of invention disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... disclosures. 27.305-4 Section 27.305-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights under Government Contracts 27.305-4 Protection of invention disclosures. (a) The Government will, to the extent authorized by 35 U.S...

  7. 48 CFR 27.305-4 - Protection of invention disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... disclosures. 27.305-4 Section 27.305-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights under Government Contracts 27.305-4 Protection of invention disclosures. (a) The Government will, to the extent authorized by 35 U.S...

  8. 48 CFR 27.305-4 - Protection of invention disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... disclosures. 27.305-4 Section 27.305-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights under Government Contracts 27.305-4 Protection of invention disclosures. (a) The Government will, to the extent authorized by 35 U.S...

  9. 48 CFR 27.305-4 - Protection of invention disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... disclosures. 27.305-4 Section 27.305-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights under Government Contracts 27.305-4 Protection of invention disclosures. (a) The Government will, to the extent authorized by 35 U.S...

  10. Guiding Children's Invented Spellings: A Gateway into Literacy Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ouellette, Gene; Senechal, Monique; Haley, Allyson

    2013-01-01

    This teaching study tested whether guiding invented spelling through a Vygotskian approach to feedback would facilitate kindergarten children's entry into literacy more so than phonological awareness instruction. Participants included 40 kindergarteners whose early literacy skills were typical of literacy-rich classrooms, and who were receiving a…

  11. 75 FR 21636 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-26

    ... antibody phage display library against Ephrin-B2 and EphB4. These human monoclonal antibodies have high... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Government-Owned Inventions... commercialization of results of federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on...

  12. 78 FR 73549 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-06

    ... consistent with human MMA. This model could serve as a valuable research tool for designing treatments for... federally-funded research and development. Foreign patent applications are filed on selected inventions to...: Peter Soukas, J.D.; 301-435-4646; [email protected] . Collaborative Research Opportunity: The National...

  13. 37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRACTICE BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Patent Interferences...

  14. 37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRACTICE BEFORE THE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES Patent...

  15. 37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRACTICE BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Patent Interferences...

  16. 37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRACTICE BEFORE THE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES Patent...

  17. 37 CFR 41.206 - Common interests in the invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Common interests in the invention. 41.206 Section 41.206 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRACTICE BEFORE THE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES Patent...

  18. The dual frontier: Patented inventions and prior scientific advance.

    PubMed

    Ahmadpoor, Mohammad; Jones, Benjamin F

    2017-08-11

    The extent to which scientific advances support marketplace inventions is largely unknown. We study 4.8 million U.S. patents and 32 million research articles to determine the minimum citation distance between patented inventions and prior scientific advances. We find that most cited research articles (80%) link forward to a future patent. Similarly, most patents (61%) link backward to a prior research article. Linked papers and patents typically stand 2 to 4 degrees distant from the other domain. Yet, advances directly along the patent-paper boundary are notably more impactful within their own domains. The distance metric further provides a typology of the fields, institutions, and individuals involved in science-to-technology linkages. Overall, the findings are consistent with theories that emphasize substantial and fruitful connections between patenting and prior scientific inquiry. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  19. 77 FR 43742 - Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-26

    ... 0651-AC77 Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents.... SUMMARY: The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) amends the patent laws pertaining to the conditions of patentability to convert the United States patent system from a ``first to invent'' system to a ``first inventor...

  20. 75 FR 10283 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-05

    ... role in the fate of stem cells. GISTs are one of the most common sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract... applications. Patient-Derived Gastrointestinal Stromal and Paraganglioma Tumor Samples Harboring Novel Stem Cell Factor FOXD3 Variants Description of Invention: The cancer market is forecast to reach $40 billion...

  1. Identifying Predictors of End-of-Year Kindergarten Invented Spelling

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Murray, Maria S.

    2009-01-01

    Recent evidence suggests that invented spelling is valuable in predicting reading development, revealing which prereading skills children possess and still need to learn, and promoting development of early literacy skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of letter-sound knowledge, phoneme awareness, and word reading…

  2. 75 FR 8082 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... this invention, the colon registration problem is formulated as time series matching along the... on patients, less time-consuming, and more accurate. The effectiveness of the method was verified in...) compared to a traditional method based on dynamic time warping. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of...

  3. Inventive Teaching: The Heart of the Small School. A Revised an Expanded Edition of "The Teacher as Inventor."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kleinfeld, Judith S.; And Others

    This book highlights programs and ideas that take advantage of small classrooms and of other resources in the local environment. The programs demonstrate the inventiveness and imagination of teachers in small schools. The following chapters are contained in the book: (1) "Draw From All the Resources in Your School," which includes…

  4. Metaphor and the Rhetorical Invention of Cold War "Idealists."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ivie, Robert L.

    1987-01-01

    Presents a procedure for identifying metaphorical concepts guiding the rhetorical invention of three Cold War "idealists": Henry Wallace, J. William Fulbright, and Helen Caldicott, whose collective failure to dispel threatening images of the Soviets is located in a recurrent system of metaphors that promotes a reversal of the enemy-image…

  5. 75 FR 23272 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-03

    ...) Protection in Sunscreen Products Description of Invention: There are different types of ultraviolet (UV) rays..., PhD at 301-435-3131 or [email protected] for more information. Laser Scanning Microscopy for Three... data from a high-speed laser-scanning microscope and compute motion of the sample under the microscope...

  6. 77 FR 69866 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-21

    ... for Diabetes and Obesity Description of Technology: This invention is directed to adeno- associated virus (AAV) vector delivery of exendin-4 (Ex-4) to salivary glands as treatment for diabetes and obesity... and weight profile in two rat models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Further, AAV-mediated delivery of...

  7. 76 FR 13135 - Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for a U.S. Government-Owned Invention

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for a U.S. Government-Owned Invention AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In accordance with... intent to grant an exclusive, revocable license for the invention claimed in the patent application PCT...

  8. 78 FR 31948 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-28

    ... listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for licensing in the U.S. in... coverage for companies and may also be available for licensing. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Licensing... precise and reliable quantification. Currently, there is no approved drug to treat FXS. The invention...

  9. Invention as a Social Act. Studies in Writing & Rhetoric.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    LeFevre, Karen Burke

    Working from both literary and composition theory, this book argues that American composition theory and pedagogy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is founded on the Platonic view that invention is a solitary act in which the individual, drawing upon innate knowledge and mental structures, searches for the truth, using introspective self…

  10. 75 FR 63841 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-18

    ...; [email protected] . Signal-to-Noise Enhancement in Imaging Applications Using a Time-Series of Images... reduction in imaging applications that use a time-series of images. In one embodiment of the invention, a time-series of images is acquired using a same imaging protocol of the same subject area, but the...

  11. Paclitaxel from primary taxanes: a perspective on creative invention in organozirconium chemistry.

    PubMed

    Ganem, Bruce; Franke, Roland R

    2007-05-25

    In this Perspective, which describes the achievements recognized by the 2007 ACS Award for Creative Invention, we discuss the discovery of a new synthetic reaction and its translation into a substantially improved method for manufacturing a major pharmaceutical product--the blockbuster anticancer drug, paclitaxel. The role of creativity in the discovery and invention processes is also discussed. As is often the case, chance discovery and serendipitous findings played a role in the evolution of this work. Translation of the basic research into a commercially viable paclitaxel semisynthesis is also described. The final manufacturing process illustrates the enormous impact that the globalization of markets has had on chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

  12. Invent the Future--READ! 2000 Texas Reading Club Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bass, Martha; Davis, Robin Works; Harris, Marlive; Marcum, Paul

    The Texas Reading Club is designed to encourage youth to read for pleasure and to promote library usage.A statewide theme is selected each year that emphasizes ways in which reading expands young minds and encourages children to use their imaginations. The year 2000's theme, "Invent the future! READ!," emphasizes ways in which reading…

  13. 75 FR 4570 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... applications. Signal-to-Noise Enhancement in Imaging Applications Using a Time-Series of Images Description of... applications that use a time-series of images. In one embodiment of the invention, a time-series of images is... Imaging Applications Using a Time-Series of Images'' (HHS Reference No. E-292- 2009/0-US-01). Related...

  14. 48 CFR 1852.227-85 - Invention reporting and rights-Foreign.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... subcontract, the Contractor awards under this contract where the performance of research, experimental design... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Invention reporting and rights-Foreign. 1852.227-85 Section 1852.227-85 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL...

  15. 75 FR 4573 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... controlled by a CD4 promoter, which allows selective removal of GFi-1 exclusively in T-cells. It has thus-far... expression by TGF-beta is important for differentiation of Th17 and CD103+ inducible regulatory T cells. J.... SUMMARY: The inventions listed below are owned by an agency of the U.S. Government and are available for...

  16. Girls & Young Women Inventing: Twenty True Stories about Inventors Plus How You Can Be One Yourself.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Karnes, Frances A.; Bean, Suzanne M.

    This book presents first-person accounts of 20 young female inventors. Most have won prizes for their inventions; some have even obtained patents. Part 1 "Inventors and Their Inventions," focuses on the young inventors and their lives, how they came up with their ideas, who helped them, what problems they faced, and how they solved their problems.…

  17. Explicitly searching for useful inventions: dynamic relatedness and the costs of connecting versus synthesizing

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Inventions combine technological features. When features are barely related, burdensomely broad knowledge is required to identify the situations that they share. When features are overly related, burdensomely broad knowledge is required to identify the situations that distinguish them. Thus, according to my first hypothesis, when features are moderately related, the costs of connecting and costs of synthesizing are cumulatively minimized, and the most useful inventions emerge. I also hypothesize that continued experimentation with a specific set of features is likely to lead to the discovery of decreasingly useful inventions; the earlier-identified connections reflect the more common consumer situations. Covering data from all industries, the empirical analysis provides broad support for the first hypothesis. Regressions to test the second hypothesis are inconclusive when examining industry types individually. Yet, this study represents an exploratory investigation, and future research should test refined hypotheses with more sophisticated data, such as that found in literature-based discovery research. PMID:21297855

  18. Fourth Graders Make Inventions Using SCAMPER and Animal Adaptation Ideas

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hussain, Mahjabeen; Carignan, Anastasia

    2016-01-01

    This study explores to what extent the SCAMPER (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, and Rearrange) technique combined with animal adaptation ideas learned through form and function analogy activities can help fourth graders generate creative ideas while augmenting their inventiveness. The sample consisted of 24…

  19. Ethical limitations in patenting biotechnological inventions.

    PubMed

    Lugagnani, V

    1999-01-01

    In order to connect ethical considerations with practical limits to patentability, the moral judgement should possibly move from the exploitation of the invention to the nature and/or objectives of Research and Development (R&D) projects which have produced it: in other words, it appears quite reasonable and logical that Society is not rewarding unethical R&D activities by granting intellectual property rights. As far as biotechnology R&D is concerned, ethical guidance can be derived from the 1996 Council of EuropeOs OConvention for the protection of human rights and dignity of the human being with regard to the application of biology and medicineO, whose Chapter V - Scientific research - provides guidelines on: i. protection of persons undergoing research (e.g. informed consent); ii. protection of persons not able to consent to research; iii. research on embryos in vitro. As far as the specific point of patenting biotechnology inventions is concerned, the four exclusions prescribed by Directive 98/44/EC (i.e. human cloning, human germ-line gene therapy, use of human embryos for commercial purposes, unjustified animal suffering for medical purposes) are all we have in Europe in terms of ethical guidance to patentability. In Italy, in particular, we certainly need far more comprehensive legislation, expressing SocietyOs demand to provide ethical control of modern biotechnology. However it is quite difficult to claim that ethical concerns are being raised by currently awarded biotechnology patents related to living organisms and material thereof; they largely deal with the results of genomic R&D, purposely and usefully oriented toward improving health-care and agri-food processes, products and services. ONo patents on lifeOO can be an appealing slogan of militants against modern biotechnology, but it is far too much of an over-simplified abstraction to become the Eleventh Commandment our Society.

  20. Examining the Relationship between Emergent Literacy Skills and Invented Spelling in Prekindergarten Spanish-Speaking Dual Language Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pendergast, Meghan; Bingham, Gary; Patton-Terry, Nicole

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of the present study was to examine associations among English and Spanish emergent literacy skills of prekindergarten (pre-K) Spanish-speaking dual language learners in relation to their English invented spelling. Study participants included 141 Spanish-speaking 4-year-old children enrolled in state-funded pre-K programs in a large…

  1. The Effects of Instruction of Creative Invention on Students' Situational Interest in Physics Lesson

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leung, Tim

    There are a few empirical studies (Palmer, 2008; Dohn, 2010) or intervention programs (Hidi & Harackiewicz, 2000) about students' situational interest in physics lessons, although the declining interest in physics among students has been well documented in the research literature (Gardner, 1998 ; International Bureau for Education, 2001; European Commission, 2007; Oon & Subramaniam, 2011). Even in the research area of science education, yet little is known about how to trigger students' catching and holding situational interest in a physics lesson. In this study, five intervention lessons of creative invention were developed. Each lesson consists of three parts including Eberle's (1971, 1972) SCAMPER technique on the creative thinking, knowledge and concepts of physics curriculum, hands-on activities related to both SCAMPER technique and physics concepts. Two surveys were developed and used to measure the situational interest and individual interest of students in physics lessons. Qualitative conversational interviews were used to interpret the sources of situational interest of students in physics lessons. Results in this study indicate that new inventive products and television programs or films related to SCAMPER can trigger the catching interest in physics lessons. Meaningful hands-on activities related to both SCAMPER technique and physics concepts can trigger the holding interest in physics lessons. There is no significant difference in situational interest among students with different academic abilities except in the topic related to electronic components. The students with lower academic ability have greater situational interest than the students with higher academic ability in learning the topic related to electronic components. There is no significant difference in situational interest between boys and girls except in the topic related to revolving paper lantern. Girls have higher situational interest than boys in learning the topic related to revolving

  2. Inventing Motivates and Prepares Student Teachers for Computer-Based Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Glogger-Frey, I.; Kappich, J.; Schwonke, R.; Holzäpfel, L.; Nückles, M.; Renkl, A.

    2015-01-01

    A brief, problem-oriented phase such as an inventing activity is one potential instructional method for preparing learners not only cognitively but also motivationally for learning. Student teachers often need to overcome motivational barriers in order to use computer-based learning opportunities. In a preliminary experiment, we found that student…

  3. Grounded for life: creative symbol-grounding for lexical invention

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Veale, Tony; Al-Najjar, Khalid

    2016-04-01

    One of the challenges of linguistic creativity is to use words in a way that is novel and striking and even whimsical, to convey meanings that remain stubbornly grounded in the very same world of familiar experiences as serves to anchor the most literal and unimaginative language. The challenge remains unmet by systems that merely shuttle or arrange words to achieve novel arrangements without concern as to how those arrangements are to spur the processes of meaning construction in a listener. In this paper we explore a problem of lexical invention that cannot be solved without a model - explicit or implicit - of the perceptual grounding of language: the invention of apt new names for colours. To solve this problem here we shall call upon the notion of a linguistic readymade, a phrase that is wrenched from its original context of use to be given new meaning and new resonance in new settings. To ensure that our linguistic readymades - which owe a great deal to Marcel Duchamp's notion of found art - are anchored in a consensus model of perception, we introduce the notion of a lexicalised colour stereotype.

  4. 50 Years of ``Scaling'' Jack Kilby's Invention

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doering, Robert

    2008-03-01

    This year is the 50th anniversary of Jack Kilby's 1958 invention of the integrated circuit (IC), for which he won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics. Since that invention in a laboratory at Texas Instruments, IC components have been continuously miniaturized, which has resulted in exponential improvement trends in their performance, energy efficiency, and cost per function. These improvements have created a semiconductor industry that has grown to over 250B in annual sales. The process of reducing integrated-circuit component size and associated parameters in a coordinated fashion is traditionally called ``feature-size scaling.'' Kilby's original circuit had active (transistor) and passive (resistor, capacitor) components with dimensions of a few millimeters. Today, the minimum feature sizes on integrated circuits are less than 30 nanometers for patterned line widths and down to about one nanometer for film thicknesses. Thus, we have achieved about five orders of magnitude in linear-dimension scaling over the past fifty years, which has resulted in about ten orders of magnitude increase in the density of IC components, a representation of ``Moore's Law.'' As IC features are approaching atomic dimensions, increasing emphasis is now being given to the parallel effort of further diversifying the types of components in integrated circuits. This is called ``functional scaling'' and ``more then Moore.'' Of course, the enablers for both types of scaling have been developed at many laboratories around the world. This talk will review a few of the highlights in scaling and its applications from R&D projects at Texas Instruments.

  5. Government Patent Policy: an Analysis of the Effects of Three Alternative Patent Policies on Technology of Government Inventions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matousek, M.

    1979-01-01

    The effects of present and proposed Government patent policies on the process of technology transfer and the commercialization of inventions resulting from Government sponsored research are addressed. The function of the patent system in Government research and the value of patents resulting from government sponsored research are examined. Three alternative patent policies, title in the contractor, title in the Government, and the waiver policy, are examined in terms of their effect on the commercialization of inventions, industrial competitions, disclosure of inventions, participation of research contractors and administrative costs. Efforts to reform the present Government patent policy are also described.

  6. Invented Spelling, Word Stress, and Syllable Awareness in Relation to Reading Difficulties in Children.

    PubMed

    Mehta, Sheena; Ding, Yi; Ness, Molly; Chen, Eric C

    2018-06-01

    The study assessed the clinical utility of an invented spelling tool and determined whether invented spelling with linguistic manipulation at segmental and supra-segmental levels can be used to better identify reading difficulties. We conducted linguistic manipulation by using real and nonreal words, incorporating word stress, alternating the order of consonants and vowels, and alternating the number of syllables. We recruited 60 third-grade students, of which half were typical readers and half were poor readers. The invented spelling task consistently differentiated those with reading difficulties from typical readers. It explained unique variance in conventional spelling, but not in word reading. Word stress explained unique variance in both word reading and conventional spelling, highlighting the importance of addressing phonological awareness at the supra-segmental level. Poor readers had poorer performance when spelling both real and nonreal words and demonstrated substantial difficulty in detecting word stress. Poor readers struggled with spelling words with double consonants at the beginning and ending of words, and performed worse on spelling two- and three-syllable words than typical readers. Practical implications for early identification and instruction are discussed.

  7. 48 CFR 1852.227-71 - Requests for waiver of rights to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...), insert the following provision in all solicitations that include the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology: Requests for Waiver of Rights to Inventions (APR 1984) (a) In accordance with the NASA Patent...

  8. 48 CFR 1852.227-71 - Requests for waiver of rights to inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...), insert the following provision in all solicitations that include the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology: Requests for Waiver of Rights to Inventions (APR 1984) (a) In accordance with the NASA Patent...

  9. Challenging Norms of Invention: "Mimesis" and African American Communication Patterns

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Munsell, Jason

    2006-01-01

    This essay grows out of a Short Course the author helped to teach called "Back to the Future: An Exploration of Public Communication Pedagogy, Past and Present, With Inventive Applications for the Future" presented at the 2004 annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago. The author presents an activity that focuses on mimesis…

  10. Invention-driven marketing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carlson, William E.

    1994-01-01

    Suppose you have just created a revolutionary bicycle suspension which allows a bike to be ridden over rough terrain at 60 miles per hour. In addition, suppose that you are deeply concerned about the plight of hungry children. Which should you do: be sure all hungry children have bicycles; transfer the technology for your new suspension to bicycle manufacturers worldwide; or start a company to supply premium sports bicycle based on your patented technology, and donate the profits to a charity which feeds hungry children? Woven through this somewhat trivial example is the paradox of technology transfer - the supplier (owner) may want to transfer technology; but to succeed, he or she must reformulate the problem as a user need for which there is a new and better solution. Successful technology transfer is little more than good marketing applied to an existing invention, process, or capability. You must identify who needs the technology, why they need it, why the new technology is better than alternatives, how much the customers are willing and able to pay for these benefits, and how to distribute products based on the technology tc the target customers. In market-driven development, the term 'technology transfer' is rarely used. The developers focus on studying user needs and designing solution They may have technology needs, but they don't have technology in search of a use.

  11. Science Crafts for Kids: 50 Fantastic Things To Invent & Create.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Diehn, Gwen; Krautwurst, Terry

    This resource book provides 48 science crafts that involve children in creative and inventive learning experiences. The opening chapter focuses on the construction of a science log that will be used in the colorfully illustrated activities that follow. Four broad topics provide the organization for the text: (1) Earth; (2) Air; (3) Water; and (4)…

  12. Strategies for strengthening patent protection of pharmaceutical inventions in light of federal court decisions.

    PubMed

    Pillai, Xavier; Kinney, William A

    2010-01-01

    In this article, a brief history of patent law is presented, along with recent changes in its interpretation that are relevant in securing patents in the current landscape. Specific patent examples are presented to illustrate key issues. For example, the case of KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc. is an important recent decision by the United States Supreme Court, which developed a more flexible definition of the teaching-suggestion-motivation (TSM) test in determining obviousness, which negates patentability. Although KSR case involved a mechanical invention, the ruling in this case has had implications in other areas of patent law, particularly as it applied to pharmaceutical and chemical inventions. It has had a significant impact on the outcome of patent prosecution at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), as well as in defending patents in federal courts. If an invention is obvious to try and there are a finite number of predictable solutions in the prior art, then the invention will be considered obvious by current standards. Bayer Schering Pharma AG v. Barr Laboratories, Inc is presented as a case in which the court of appeals has applied the KSR standard of obviousness in invalidating a formulation patent claim, in which a finite number of options were available to the formulator. Unlike the formulation patent example, patents covering new molecules have survived challenges more successfully. In The Procter & Gamble Co. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., the court of appeals for the Federal Circuit determined that the invention of risedronate was unobvious, although it was a mere positional isomer of a prior bisphosphonate. However in Altana Pharma AG v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., the court of appeals judged against the innovator company when there was a clearer case of predictable prior art. Finally, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc. v. Mylan Laboratories, Inc. presents an example of a case at the Federal Circuit where topiramate

  13. 10 CFR 81.13 - Publication of NRC inventions available for licensing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... inventions available for licensing under this subpart in the Federal Register, the U.S. Patent Office.... Patent Office. Copies of U.S. patent application specifications, or microfiche reproductions thereof, may.... Patent Office with Commission approval. [38 FR 7318, Mar. 20, 1973, as amended at 40 FR 8793, Mar. 3...

  14. 10 CFR 81.13 - Publication of NRC inventions available for licensing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... inventions available for licensing under this subpart in the Federal Register, the U.S. Patent Office.... Patent Office. Copies of U.S. patent application specifications, or microfiche reproductions thereof, may.... Patent Office with Commission approval. [38 FR 7318, Mar. 20, 1973, as amended at 40 FR 8793, Mar. 3...

  15. 10 CFR 81.13 - Publication of NRC inventions available for licensing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... inventions available for licensing under this subpart in the Federal Register, the U.S. Patent Office.... Patent Office. Copies of U.S. patent application specifications, or microfiche reproductions thereof, may.... Patent Office with Commission approval. [38 FR 7318, Mar. 20, 1973, as amended at 40 FR 8793, Mar. 3...

  16. Vowel Representations in the Invented Spellings of Spanish-English Bilingual Kindergartners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Raynolds, Laura B.; Uhry, Joanna K.; Brunner, Jessica

    2013-01-01

    The study compared the invented spelling of vowels in kindergarten native Spanish speaking children with that of English monolinguals. It examined whether, after receiving phonics instruction for short vowels, the spelling of native Spanish-speaking kindergartners would contain phonological errors that were influenced by their first language.…

  17. 10 CFR 81.13 - Publication of NRC inventions available for licensing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... inventions available for licensing under this subpart in the Federal Register, the U.S. Patent Office.... Patent Office. Copies of U.S. patent application specifications, or microfiche reproductions thereof, may.... Patent Office with Commission approval. [38 FR 7318, Mar. 20, 1973, as amended at 40 FR 8793, Mar. 3...

  18. 10 CFR 81.13 - Publication of NRC inventions available for licensing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... inventions available for licensing under this subpart in the Federal Register, the U.S. Patent Office.... Patent Office. Copies of U.S. patent application specifications, or microfiche reproductions thereof, may.... Patent Office with Commission approval. [38 FR 7318, Mar. 20, 1973, as amended at 40 FR 8793, Mar. 3...

  19. [In defense of society: the invention of palliative care and the production of subjectivities].

    PubMed

    da Silva, Karen Schein; Kruse, Maria Henriqueta Luce

    2012-04-01

    This article is a theoretical reflection that is part of a study named Em Defesa da Sociedade: a invenção dos Cuidados Paliativos (In Defense of Society: the invention of Palliative Care). In order to articulate this discussion, we used the 2007edition of the Palliative Care Manual published by the World Health Organization (WHO), as we understand it is part of a body of work capable of producing subjectivities and ruling conduct. In this sense, we intend to understand how the discourses on palliative care are associated and promote the invention of a new subject that would work as a bio-political strategy in order to defend society. Based on the textual analysis of the discourse presented in the manual, with the help of the Cultural Studies framework and inspired by the works of Michel Foucault, we present one of the possible meanings derived from the readings of the WHO Guide. Thus, we observe the (re)organization and (re)invention of a subject that invests in the subjectivity of individuals and constitutes an actual framework that regulates and rules the population.

  20. Privacy Act System of Records: Invention Reports Submitted to the EPA, EPA-38

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Learn about the Invention Reports Submitted to the EPA System, including who is covered in the system, the purpose of data collection, routine uses for the system's records, and other security procedures.

  1. 78 FR 46932 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-02

    ... APPARATUS, Issued on June 18, 2013//U.S. Patent Number 8,477,308: POLARIZED, SPECULAR REFLECTOMETER APPARATUS, Issued on July 2, 2013. ADDRESSES: Requests for copies of the inventions cited should be directed...

  2. Quantitative and theoretical analysis of the joint Department of Energy-National Institute of Standards and Technology Energy-Related Inventions Program from 1975 to 1995: Implications for development of public policy toward innovation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pevenstein, Jack Edward

    This dissertation presents 18 alternative models for computing the social rate of return (SRR) of the joint Department of Energy (DOE)-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Energy-Related Inventions Program (ERIP) from 1975 to 1995. The models differ on the on the choice of societal benefit, adjustments made to the benefits, accounting for initial investments in ERIP and annual program appropriations. Alternative quantitative measures of societal benefit include annual gross market sales of successfully commercialized ERIP-supported inventions, annual energy savings resulting from the use of such inventions, pollution-remediation cost reductions due to decreased carbon emissions from greenhouse gases associated with more efficient energy generation. SRR computation employs the net present value (NPV) model with the SRR being the discount rate that reduces the NPV of a stream of societal benefits to zero over a period of n years given an initial investment and annual program appropriations. The SRR is the total rate of return to the nation from public investment in ERIP. The data used for computation were assembled by Dr. Marilyn A. Brown and her staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract to DOE since 1985. Other data on energy use and carbon emission from greenhouse gas production come from official publications of DOE's Energy Information Administration. Mean ERIP SRR = 412.7% with standard deviation = +/-426.5%. The population of the SRR sample is accepted as normally distributed at an alpha = 0.05, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. These SRR's, which appear reasonable in comparison with those computed by Professor Edwin Mansfield, (Wharton School) for inventions and by Dr. Gregory Tassey (NIST Chief Economist) for NIST programs supporting innovations in measurement technology, show a significant underinvestment in public service technology innovation evaluation programs for independent inventors and small technology

  3. 77 FR 28860 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-16

    .../372,755: Foam Free Testing Systems and Methods, Navy Case No. 101448//U.S. Patent Application No. 7,372,712: Foam Free Testing Systems and Methods. ADDRESSES: Requests for copies of the inventions cited...

  4. Invented Spelling Activities in Small Groups and Early Spelling and Reading

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martins, Margarida Alves; Salvador, Liliana; Albuquerque, Ana; Silva, Cristina

    2016-01-01

    Our aim was to assess the impact of an invented spelling programme conducted in small groups on children's written language acquisition in Portuguese. We expected the experimental group to have better post-test results than the control group in spelling and reading. Participants were 160 preschool-age children who were randomly divided into an…

  5. 37 CFR 1.499 - Unity of invention during the national stage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Unity of invention during the national stage. 1.499 Section 1.499 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions National Stage § 1.499 Unity of...

  6. 37 CFR 1.499 - Unity of invention during the national stage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Unity of invention during the national stage. 1.499 Section 1.499 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions National Stage § 1.499 Unity of...

  7. 37 CFR 1.499 - Unity of invention during the national stage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Unity of invention during the national stage. 1.499 Section 1.499 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions National Stage § 1.499 Unity of...

  8. 37 CFR 1.499 - Unity of invention during the national stage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Unity of invention during the national stage. 1.499 Section 1.499 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions National Stage § 1.499 Unity of...

  9. Gaston Planté and his invention of the lead-acid battery-The genesis of the first practical rechargeable battery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurzweil, P.

    In 1860, the Frenchman Gaston Planté (1834-1889) invented the first practical version of a rechargeable battery based on lead-acid chemistry-the most successful secondary battery of all ages. This article outlines Planté's fundamental concepts that were decisive for later development of practical lead-acid batteries. The 'pile secondaire' was indeed ahead its time in that an appropriate appliance for charging the accumulator was not available. The industrial success came after the invention of the Gramme machine. In 1879, Planté obtained acceptance for his work by publishing a book entitled Recherches sur l' Electricité. He never protected his inventions by patents, and spent much of his fortune on assisting impoverished scientists.

  10. Surmounting a PCR challenge using a Contradictory matrix from the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ).

    PubMed

    Drábek, Jiří

    2016-01-01

    In this paper I tested whether Contradictory Matrix with 40 Inventive Principles, the simplest instrument from the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), is a useful approach to a real-life PCR scenario. The PCR challenge consisted of standardization of fluorescence melting curve measurements in Competitive Amplification of Differentially Melting Amplicons (CADMA) PCR for multiple targets. Here I describe my way of using the TRIZ Matrix to generate seven alternative solutions from which I can choose the successful solution, consisting of repeated cycles of amplification and melting in a single PCR run.

  11. Connect the Book. Always Inventing: A Photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brodie, Carolyn S.

    2004-01-01

    Cell phones, video phones, voice messaging?one wonders what Alexander Graham Bell would have thought about the many venues today for electronic communication with one another. Bell's March 10, 1876 invention is now 128 years old, but there is no doubt that Bell's "talking machine" changed the world. This article presents a brief review of the…

  12. Invented spelling in kindergarten as a predictor of reading and spelling in Grade 1: A new pathway to literacy, or just the same road, less known?

    PubMed

    Ouellette, Gene; Sénéchal, Monique

    2017-01-01

    In this study we evaluated whether the sophistication of children's invented spellings in kindergarten was predictive of subsequent reading and spelling in Grade 1, while also considering the influence of well-known precursors. Children in their first year of schooling (mean age = 66 months; N = 171) were assessed on measures of oral vocabulary, alphabetic knowledge, phonological awareness, word reading and invented spelling; approximately 1 year later they were assessed on multiple measures of reading and spelling. Path modeling was pursued to evaluate a hypothesized unique, causal role of invented spelling in subsequent literacy outcomes. Results supported a model in which invented spelling contributed directly to concurrent reading along with alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness. Longitudinally, invented spelling influenced subsequent reading, along with alphabetic knowledge while mediating the connection between phonological awareness and early reading. Invented spelling also influenced subsequent conventional spelling along with phonological awareness, while mediating the influence of alphabetic knowledge. Invented spelling thus adds explanatory variance to literacy outcomes not entirely captured by well-studied code and language-related skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  13. Visual Invention and the Composition of Scientific Research Graphics: A Topological Approach

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walsh, Lynda

    2018-01-01

    This report details the second phase of an ongoing research project investigating the visual invention and composition processes of scientific researchers. In this phase, four academic researchers completed think-aloud protocols as they composed graphics for research presentations; they also answered follow-up questions about their visual…

  14. Inventing Citizens During World War I: Suffrage Cartoons in "The Woman Citizen."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ramsey, E. Michele

    2000-01-01

    Contributes to scholarship advancing the understanding of human communication by examining the rhetorical invention strategies of suffrage rhetoric in the cultural context of World War I. Shows how the political cartoons published in the mainstream Suffrage Movement's "The Woman Citizen" constructed women as strong, competent, and…

  15. "Invented Invaders": An Engaging Activity to Teach Characteristics Control of Invasive Species

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lampert, Evan

    2015-01-01

    Invasive species, defined as exotic species that reach pest status, are major threats to global biodiversity. Although invasive species can belong to any taxonomic group, general characteristics such as rapid growth and reproduction are shared by many invasive species. "Invented Invaders" is a collaborative activity in which students…

  16. 48 CFR 227.7011 - Procurement of rights in inventions, patents, and copyrights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the Government's interest to do so and the desired rights can be obtained at a fair price. The... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procurement of rights in... COPYRIGHTS Infringement Claims, Licenses, and Assignments 227.7011 Procurement of rights in inventions...

  17. Consciousness and the Invention of Morel

    PubMed Central

    Perogamvros, Lampros

    2013-01-01

    A scientific study of consciousness should take into consideration both objective and subjective measures of conscious experiences. To this date, very few studies have tried to integrate third-person data, or data about the neurophysiological correlates of conscious states, with first-person data, or data about subjective experience. Inspired by Morel's invention (Casares, 1940), a literary machine capable of reproducing sensory-dependent external reality, this article suggests that combination of virtual reality techniques and brain reading technologies, that is, decoding of conscious states by brain activity alone, can offer this integration. It is also proposed that the multimodal, simulating, and integrative capacities of the dreaming brain render it an “endogenous” Morel's machine, which can potentially be used in studying consciousness, but not always in a reliable way. Both the literary machine and dreaming could contribute to a better understanding of conscious states. PMID:23467765

  18. Appropriating Invention through Concept Maps in Writing for Multimedia and the Web

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bacabac, Florence Elizabeth

    2015-01-01

    As an alternative approach to web preproduction, I propose the use of concept maps for invention of website projects in business and professional writing courses. This mapping device approximates our students' initial site plans since rough ideas are formed based on a substantial exploratory technique. Incorporated in various disciplines, the…

  19. Fifth Graders' Creativity in Inventions with and without Creative Articulation Instruction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kress, Darcie K.; Rule, Audrey C.

    2017-01-01

    Industry and authors of 21st Century Skill Frameworks are calling for student proficiency in creativity, problem-solving, innovation, collaboration, and communication skills. This project involved 13 fifth grade gifted students in inventing products for a specified audience with a set of given materials, time limit, and topic constraints. The…

  20. Patent literature on mosquito repellent inventions which contain plant essential oils--a review.

    PubMed

    Pohlit, Adrian Martin; Lopes, Norberto Peporine; Gama, Renata Antonaci; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro; Neto, Valter Ferreira de Andrade

    2011-04-01

    Bites Bites of mosquitoes belonging to the genera Anopheles Meigen, Aedes Meigen, Culex L. and Haemagogus L. are a general nuisance and are responsible for the transmission of important tropical diseases such as malaria, hemorrhagic dengue and yellow fevers and filariasis (elephantiasis). Plants are traditional sources of mosquito repelling essential oils (EOs), glyceridic oils and repellent and synergistic chemicals. A Chemical Abstracts search on mosquito repellent inventions containing plant-derived EOs revealed 144 active patents mostly from Asia. Chinese, Japanese and Korean language patents and those of India (in English) accounted for roughly 3/4 of all patents. Since 1998 patents on EO-containing mosquito repellent inventions have almost doubled about every 4 years. In general, these patents describe repellent compositions for use in topical agents, cosmetic products, incense, fumigants, indoor and outdoor sprays, fibers, textiles among other applications. 67 EOs and 9 glyceridic oils were individually cited in at least 2 patents. Over 1/2 of all patents named just one EO. Citronella [Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, C.winterianus Jowitt ex Bor] and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus LʼHér. spp.) EOs were each cited in approximately 1/3 of all patents. Camphor [Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl], cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry], geranium (Pelargonium graveolens LʼHér.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), lemon [Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck], lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf] and peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) EOs were each cited in > 10% of patents. Repellent chemicals present in EO compositions or added as pure “natural” ingredients such as geraniol, limonene, p-menthane-3,8-diol, nepetalactone and vanillin were described in approximately 40% of all patents. About 25% of EO-containing inventions included or were made to be used with synthetic insect control agents having mosquito

  1. The Use of Synectics as an Aid to Invention in College Composition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heavilin, Barbara Anne

    A research project examined whether students in an English 104 freshman composition class would develop the ability to think analogically and divergently by using synectics as an aid to invention in composition, and whether these students would develop a more positive attitude toward writing. (Synectics is a highly structured group activity based…

  2. Making Changes: A Futures-Oriented Course in Inventive Problem Solving. Lesson Book.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, John W.

    This textbook/workbook for secondary school students is designed to stimulate inventive problem solving of future world problems. It is organized into four units and contains 23 lessons. Unit I defines the nature of the course and provides methods for stating and defining problems, brainstorming, working in groups, and judging ideas. Unit II…

  3. A study of inventiveness among Society of Interventional Radiology members and the impact of their social networks.

    PubMed

    Murphy, Kieran J; Elias, Gavin; Jaffer, Hussein; Mandani, Rashesh

    2013-07-01

    To investigate the nature of inventiveness among members of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and learn what influenced the inventors and assisted their creativity. The membership directory of the SIR was cross-referenced with filings at the United States Patent and Trademark Organization (USPTO) and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The inventors were queried with an online survey to illuminate their institutions of training and practice as well as enabling or inhibiting factors to their inventiveness. Responses were analyzed through the construction of social network maps and thematic and graphical analysis. It was found that 457 members of the SIR held 2,492 patents or patent filings. After 1986, there was a marked and sustained increase in patent filings. The online survey was completed by 73 inventors holding 470 patents and patent filings. The social network maps show the key role of large academic interventional radiology departments and individual inventors in the formation of interconnectivity among inventors and the creation of the intellectual property (IP). Key inhibitors of the inventive process include lack of mentorship, of industry contacts, and of legal advice. Key enablers include mentorship, motivation, and industry contacts. Creativity and inventiveness in SIR members stem from institutions that are hubs of innovation and networks of key innovators; inventors are facilitated by personal motivation, mentorship, and strong industry contacts. Copyright © 2013 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Amazing Maya Inventions You Can Build Yourself: New Book Designed to Help Kids Learn History of the Ancient Maya Civilization

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bell-Rehwoldt, Sheri

    2007-01-01

    In this article, the author describes her book, "Amazing Maya Inventions You Can Build Yourself," a new book designed to help kids learn the history of the ancient Maya civilization. "Amazing Maya Inventions You Can Build Yourself" offers the reader an engaging exploration of the history and culture of the Maya through building and crafts projects…

  5. 45 CFR 2543.85 - Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement. 2543.85 Section 2543.85 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION...

  6. 45 CFR 2543.85 - Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement. 2543.85 Section 2543.85 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION...

  7. 45 CFR 2543.85 - Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement. 2543.85 Section 2543.85 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION...

  8. 45 CFR 2543.85 - Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Rights to inventions made under a contract or agreement. 2543.85 Section 2543.85 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION...

  9. 76 FR 11764 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-03

    .... Patent No. 7,048,854: Apparatus for the removal of heavy metals from acidic wastewater and chemical... inventions cited should be directed to Andrew Drucker, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Code EV12... INFORMATION CONTACT: Andrew Drucker supporting the Head of Technology Transfer Office, Naval Facilities...

  10. [Oral and formulated pharmaceutical preparations before the invention of tablets].

    PubMed

    Bartók, Adrienn

    2009-01-01

    Author gave an overview of the main types of the fed and formated medicines used in times before invention of lozenges. Six main types of these pharmaceutical products are to be defined here: 1. conserva 2. electuaria or confectiones 3. morsuli 4. rotulae or tabulae made with sugar 5. trochsci or pastillae and 6. terrae sigillatae. Author defines the single forms, tells their short history and also presents the ways they were produced and the tools and machines needed for their fabrication.

  11. Inventing (in) Early Geometry, or How Creativity Inheres in the Doing of Mathematics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maheux, Jean-François; Roth, Wolf-Michael

    2015-01-01

    Inventing is fundamental to mathematical activity, should one be a professional mathematician or a primary school student. Research on mathematical creativity generally is organized along three axes according to its focus on the final product, the overall process, or the individual person. Through these conceptualizations, however, research rarely…

  12. Promoting Early Literacy via Practicing Invented Spelling: A Comparison of Different Mediation Routines

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Levin, Iris; Aram, Dorit

    2013-01-01

    The present study compared the effects of different mediation routines provided to kindergartners from families of low socioeconomic status on the students' invented spelling attempts and on their gains obtained on spelling and other early literacy skills (letter naming, sounds of letters, word segmentation, and word decoding). The effects of the…

  13. The Enemy's Gospel: Deconstructing Exclusivity and Inventing Inclusivity through the Power of Story

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hilder, Monika B.

    2005-01-01

    The problem of exclusivity figures large in education. How can we educate to deconstruct exclusivity and invent inclusivity? This article asserts that an unexamined veneration for the "objective" academic voice is at least partly responsible for the strong tendency to exclusivity, while suggesting that the subjective voice of storytelling can…

  14. Newly invented biobased materials from low-carbon, diverted waste fibers: research methods, testing, and full-scale application in a case study structure

    Treesearch

    Julee A Herdt; John Hunt; Kellen Schauermann

    2016-01-01

    This project demonstrates newly invented, biobased construction materials developed by applying lowcarbon, biomass waste sources through the Authors’ engineered fiber processes and technology. If manufactured and applied large-scale the project inventions can divert large volumes of cellulose waste into high-performance, low embodied energy, environmental construction...

  15. Initial strides for invent-VTE: Towards global collaboration to accelerate clinical research in venous thromboembolism.

    PubMed

    Rodger, Marc; Langlois, Nicole; Middeldorp, Saskia; Kahn, Susan; Sandset, Per Morten; Brighton, Timothy; Huisman, Menno V; Meyer, Guy; Konstantinides, Stavros; Ageno, Walter; Morange, Pierre; Garcia, David; Kreuziger, Lisa Baumann; Young, Laura; Key, Nigel; Monreal, Manuel; Jiménez, David

    2018-03-01

    Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major global burden of disease and requires collaborative efforts to conduct large, high-quality investigator-initiated and academically sponsored studies addressing the most relevant clinical questions. Owing to increasing regulatory requirements, the highly competitive nature of peer-reviewed funding and costs associated with conducting large, multinational clinical trials, completing practice-changing research constitutes a growing challenge for clinical investigators. As clinical trialists interested in VTE, we founded INVENT (International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks) in an effort to promote and accelerate patient-oriented, investigator-initiated, international collaborative research, to identify, prioritize and answer key clinical research questions for patients with VTE. We report on our activities to formalize the INVENT network and our accomplishments in our first year. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Concept Inventing: A Humanbecoming Perspective on Feeling Peaceful.

    PubMed

    Doucet, Thomas

    2016-01-01

    Among most individuals and nations, peace is upheld as a supreme value (Rummel, 1981). Throughout the ages peace has been conceptualized in many ways-from an essentialist perspective to a secular perspective based on utility, prosperity, and justice, where individuals aim to improve conditions by creating a network that aspires to living together harmoniously with concern for one another. Though there is no standard definition of peace, the concept has been accepted as a determinant of health in view of prevalent disparities and in light of optimizing justice that both influence the health of individuals and societies. Hence, shedding light on the phenomenon of feeling peaceful through concept inventing would enhance understanding of peace as a value. © The Author(s) 2015.

  17. The Invention of Counting: The Statistical Measurement of Literacy in Nineteenth-Century England

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vincent, David

    2014-01-01

    This article examines the invention of counting literacy on a national basis in nineteenth-century Britain. Through an analysis of Registrar Generals' reports, it describes how the early statisticians wrestled with the implications of their new-found capacity to describe a nation's communications skills in a single table and how they were unable…

  18. Children's Invented Notations and Verbal Responses to a Piano Work by Claude Debussy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Elkoshi, Rivka

    2015-01-01

    This study considers the way children listen to classical music composed for them and the effect of age on their spontaneous invented notations and verbal responses. The musical selection is a piano piece for children by Claude Debussy:"'Jimbo's Lullaby" from "Children's Corner". Two hundred and nine children 4-9.5-years-old…

  19. 76 FR 37795 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-28

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Navy Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions....S. Patent No. 7,316,194: Rudders for High-Speed Ships//U.S. Patent No. 7,322,786: Mobile Loader for Transfer of Containers Between Delivery Vehicles and Marine Terminal Cranes//U.S. Patent No. 7,324,016...

  20. "The Philosopher Pulled the Lower Jaw of the Hen": Ludicrous Invented Sentences in Language Teaching.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cook, Guy

    2001-01-01

    Assesses and contests the long tradition of attacks on the use of invented sentences in language teaching. Seeks to separate arguments against them that rely on parody and ridicule, from more reasoned assertions. (Author/VWL)

  1. [The invention and evolution of the stethoscope].

    PubMed

    Hong, Cheng; Wang, Wei; Zhong, Nan-Shan; Liu, Yuan-Ming

    2010-11-01

    There is a record of direct auscultation in the Hippocratic Corpus and this auscultation method has been used for more than 2000 years. In 1816, the first monaural stethoscope was invented by a French physician Dr. Rene Laennec, who also wrote books introducing how to use the stethoscope and auscultation. This instrument has been improved by several doctors and in 1851,the one improved by George Cammann, an American doctor, was the model of today's stethoscope. The electrical stethoscope was produced by the 3M(TM) Littmann Company in 1999, after which the audio files could be saved. In 2000, the vibration response imaging system was introduced into medicine. In 2006, a noise-free active stethoscope was displayed in the Acoustics Conference held in Honolulu, USA. This kind of stethoscope could be used in noisy or bumpy circumstances. These new pieces of equipment made the stethoscope's application field even broader.

  2. 7 CFR 3015.44 - Royalties or equivalent income earned from patents or from inventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Royalties or equivalent income earned from patents or from inventions. 3015.44 Section 3015.44 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNIFORM FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

  3. Celebrating Two Centuries since the Invention of the Stethoscope. René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826).

    PubMed

    Tomos, Ioannis; Karakatsani, Anna; Manali, Effrosyni D; Papiris, Spyros A

    2016-10-01

    René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826), a French physician, is considered one of the pioneers of respiratory medicine. His contribution to the invention of the stethoscope and to the development of clinical auscultation played a key role in the progress of the diagnosis of chest diseases. Almost two centuries after his invention of the stethoscope, his achievements continue to be widely appreciated and used by modern physicians in current pulmonology.

  4. Memory, Literacy, and Invention: Reimagining the Canon of Memory for the Writing Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ryan, Kathleen J.

    2004-01-01

    This article challenges the assumption that the canon of memory means memorization and transcription, and, as a result, has little relevance for the writing classroom. An examination of the canon's historical legacy and its relationships to literacy and invention open a space for redefining the canon of memory as "rememoried knowing." In brief,…

  5. 37 CFR 1.476 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.476 Section 1.476 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  6. 37 CFR 1.476 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.476 Section 1.476 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  7. 37 CFR 1.476 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.476 Section 1.476 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  8. 37 CFR 1.476 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.476 Section 1.476 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  9. 37 CFR 1.476 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.476 Section 1.476 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  10. The myth of DSM's invention of new categories of disorder: Houts's diagnostic discontinuity thesis disconfirmed.

    PubMed

    Wakefield, J C

    2001-05-01

    Houts (2001) argues that increases in DSM diagnostic categories are due to the invention of new disorders that are discontinuous with old conceptions of disorder and would not have been previously diagnosed. He maintains that DSM category increases are not comparable in nature to ICD category increases, which are mainly refinements of recognized disorders. I survey categories of disorder introduced after DSM-II and assess whether they are discontinuous with old concepts and categories of disorder. Candidate categories are identified from: Houts and Follette (1998), Mentalism, mechanisms, and medical analogues: Reply to Wakefield. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; Kutchins and Kirk (1997) Making us crazy: DSM: The psychiatric bible and the creation of mental disorders. New York: Free Press; and my own list. The result is that virtually none of the candidate categories are invented, discontinuous categories. In almost every case, the newly labeled conditions were considered disorders at the time of DSM-II and would have been diagnosed under DSM-II categories. I also reexamine DSM-IV sleep disorder categories, which Houts claims are discontinuous with past diagnostic conceptions. The result is that all DSM-IV sleep disorders were recognized as disorders at the time of DSM-II, and most were recognized as mental disorders. I conclude that DSM category increases are comparable in nature to ICD category increases, and that the invention-of-disorder account cannot explain the vast majority of such increases.

  11. 75 FR 80798 - Availability for Exclusive, Non-Exclusive, or Partially-Exclusive Licensing of Inventions...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... Partially-Exclusive Licensing of Inventions Concerning an Inactivated Dengue Virus Vaccine and a Method and Kit for Detection of Dengue Virus AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... which issued July 3, 2001, entitled ``Inactivated Dengue Virus Vaccine,'' and U.S. Patent 6,190,859...

  12. 37 CFR 401.10 - Government assignment to contractor of rights in invention of government employee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Copyrights ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR TECHNOLOGY POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE BY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SMALL BUSINESS FIRMS UNDER GOVERNMENT GRANTS, CONTRACTS, AND COOPERATIVE... small business firm or nonprofit organization and the Federal agency employing such co-inventor...

  13. Japan's patent issues relating to life science therapeutic inventions.

    PubMed

    Tessensohn, John A

    2014-09-01

    Japan has made 'innovation in science and technology' as one of its central pillars to ensure high growth in its next stage of economic development and its life sciences market which hosts regenerative medicine was proclaimed to be 'the best market in the world right now.' Although life science therapeutic inventions are patentable subject matter under Japanese patent law, there are nuanced obviousness and enablement challenges under Japanese patent law that can be surmounted in view of some encouraging Japanese court developments in fostering a pro-patent applicant environment in the life sciences therapeutic patent field. Nevertheless, great care must be taken when drafting and prosecuting such patent applications in the world's second most important life sciences therapeutic market.

  14. Plateaus, Dips, and Leaps: Where to Look for Inventions and Discoveries during Skilled Performance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gray, Wayne D.; Lindstedt, John K.

    2017-01-01

    The framework of "plateaus, dips, and leaps" shines light on periods when individuals may be inventing new methods of skilled performance. We begin with a review of the role "performance plateaus" have played in (a) experimental psychology, (b) human-computer interaction, and (c) cognitive science. We then reanalyze two classic…

  15. A clearing house for diagnostic testing: the solution to ensure access to and use of patented genetic inventions?

    PubMed Central

    van Zimmeren, Esther; Verbeure, Birgit; Matthijs, Gert; Van Overwalle, Geertrui

    2006-01-01

    In genetic diagnostics, the emergence of a so-called "patent thicket" is imminent. Such an overlapping set of patent rights may have restrictive effects on further research and development of diagnostic tests, and the provision of clinical diagnostic services. Currently, two models that may facilitate access to and use of patented genetic inventions are attracting much debate in various national and international fora: patent pools and clearing houses. In this article, we explore the concept of clearing houses. Several types of clearing houses are identified. First, we describe and discuss two types that would provide access to information on the patented inventions: the information clearing house and the technology exchange clearing house. Second, three types of clearing houses are analysed that not only offer access to information but also provide an instrument to facilitate the use of the patented inventions: the open access clearing house, the standardized licences clearing house and the royalty collection clearing house. A royalty collection clearing house for genetic diagnostic testing would be the most comprehensive as it would serve several functions: identifying patents and patent claims essential to diagnostic testing, matching licensees with licensors, developing and supplying standardized licences, collecting royalties, monitoring whether users respect licensing conditions, and providing dispute resolution services such as mediation and arbitration. In this way, it might function as an effective model for users to facilitate access to and use of the patented inventions. However, it remains to be seen whether patent holders with a strong patent portfolio will be convinced by the advantages of the royalty collection clearing house and be willing to participate. PMID:16710543

  16. 37 CFR 1.488 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.488 Section 1.488 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF...

  17. 37 CFR 1.488 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.488 Section 1.488 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF...

  18. 37 CFR 1.488 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.488 Section 1.488 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF...

  19. 37 CFR 1.488 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.488 Section 1.488 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF...

  20. 37 CFR 1.488 - Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Determination of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.488 Section 1.488 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF...

  1. Re-Presenting Subversive Songs: Applying Strategies for Invention and Arrangement to Nontraditional Speech Texts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Charlesworth, Dacia

    2010-01-01

    Invention deals with the content of a speech, arrangement involves placing the content in an order that is most strategic, style focuses on selecting linguistic devices, such as metaphor, to make the message more appealing, memory assists the speaker in delivering the message correctly, and delivery ideally enables great reception of the message.…

  2. Applications of Semiconductor Fabrication Methods to Nanomedicine: A Review of Recent Inventions and Techniques

    PubMed Central

    Rajasekhar, Achanta; Gimi, Barjor; Hu, Walter

    2013-01-01

    We live in a world of convergence where scientific techniques from a variety of seemingly disparate fields are being applied cohesively to the study and solution of biomedical problems. For instance, the semiconductor processing field has been primarily developed to cater to the needs of the ever decreasing transistor size and cost while increasing functionality of electronic circuits. In recent years, pioneers in this field have equipped themselves with a powerful understanding of how the same techniques can be applied in the biomedical field to develop new and efficient systems for the diagnosis, analysis and treatment of various conditions in the human body. In this paper, we review the major inventions and experimental methods which have been developed for nano/micro fluidic channels, nanoparticles fabricated by top-down methods, and in-vivo nanoporous microcages for effective drug delivery. This paper focuses on the information contained in patents as well as the corresponding technical publications. The goal of the paper is to help emerging scientists understand and improvise over these inventions. PMID:24312161

  3. 37 CFR 1.475 - Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority and during the national stage. 1.475 Section 1.475 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

  4. 37 CFR 1.475 - Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority and during the national stage. 1.475 Section 1.475 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

  5. 37 CFR 1.475 - Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority and during the national stage. 1.475 Section 1.475 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

  6. 37 CFR 1.475 - Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Unity of invention before the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority and during the national stage. 1.475 Section 1.475 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

  7. How Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience Support Invention: A Study with German Independent Inventors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mieg, Harald A.; Bedenk, Stephan J.; Braun, Anna; Neyer, Franz J.

    2012-01-01

    How does invention depend on personality? Do inventors differ from noninventors? This study investigated the personal factors influencing a sample of independent inventors in Germany (N = 69). Standardized psychological questionnaires were employed to assess the Big Five personality dimensions, willingness to take risks, self-concept, and…

  8. Inventions leading to the development of the diagnostic test kit industry--from the modern pregnancy test to the sandwich assays.

    PubMed

    Wide, Leif

    2005-01-01

    The universities are encouraged by the government nowadays to stimulate innovations and also to provide the proper machinery for assisting the protection and commercialisation of innovations. A better understanding of the innovation process may help to create an atmosphere suitable for inventions at the university. Examples can be taken from successful innovations previously made at the university. During the 1960's I made a series of inventions, which ultimately led to the development of the diagnostic test kit industry. The first, which I made as an undergraduate, was a simple and reliable test kit for diagnosis of pregnancy. This was followed by the solid phase radioimmunoassay and a solid phase assay for vitamin B12; next, the dual specific non-competitive sandwich assay and the in-vitro test for diagnosis of allergy, called RAST (Radioallergosorbent test). Organon in Holland with the pregnancy test kit, and Pharmacia in Sweden with test kits for radioimmunoassay, became pioneers among the diagnostic test kit industries. Pharmacia Diagnostics later became one of the leading diagnostic test kit companies in the world and has continued to be so in the field of allergy diagnosis. Each one of these inventions started with a few unique observations leading to a technical development. The pregnancy test as well as the allergy test emerged from the development of assay methods with unique qualities with the subsequent search for appropriate applications. The foreseeing of a commercial value on a future market was a very important step. This was followed by the search for a suitable industry interested to exploit the invention with its new business opportunity i.e. apply for a patent, produce and market the products, which in my case consisted of the necessary reagents and equipments for particular diagnostic tests. Finally, an agreement had to be settled between the entrepreneur and the inventors. This report describes these inventions and particularly discusses some

  9. Wallace H. Coulter: decades of invention and discovery.

    PubMed

    Robinson, J Paul

    2013-05-01

    Only a few inventors can be said to have made as great an impact on mankind as Wallace Coulter. His inquisitive mind and ability to see well beyond what existed served him well for 40 years of inventing. So many of the fundamental tools that exist today in the area of hematology were derived from or driven by Coulter's inventions that he could be called the most technological innovator in the field of modern hematology. In achieving these discoveries Wallace Coulter was clearly capable of visualizing future opportunities that few others recognized. His vision was combined with an uncanny ability to translate his ideas into products. He developed a large number of tools that shaped the fields of cytometry, image analysis, and industrial materials. His understanding of the future power of computation drove him to link these technologies in a unique way. In the end, Coulter shaped the technologies that ultimately drove hematology in a new direction, one that remains on a critical pathway linking technology innovation all the way to true translational impact. It was said of Henry Ford that "[h]e has no notion that wealth has made him great, and any one who is imprest merely by his wealth bores him. In his personal contacts he likes to dodge the subject. He would prefer to talk with a machinist about machinery, or with somebody who likes birds about birds. In these contacts, he asks no deference; and if he gets it, he suspects it is mere deference to wealth, and that ends his interest."(1) The same could be said of Wallace Coulter, who, like Ford, understood the concepts of mass production and customer service. Coulter had the ability to recognize the opportunity and fulfill the need for development of a blood-cell counter that could be placed in every pathology laboratory, and in so doing transformed a field from a qualitative to a quantitative environment. Every person who has ever entered a medical lab, hospital, or doctor's office has felt the impact of Coulter

  10. 76 FR 17840 - Notice of Intent To License Government-Owned Inventions; Intent To License Exclusively

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-31

    ... Army. The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center intends to license these inventions exclusively... Veterinary Disease Detection, to NanoEngineering Corporation, a Florida Corporation with principal offices at... , U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC), AMSRD-ECB-PI-BP-TT, Bldg E3330/Rm 241 5183...

  11. Balanced Flow Measurement and Conditioning Technology (Balanced Orifice Plate 7,051,765 B1) for NASA Inventions and Contributions Board Invention of the Year Evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kelley, Anthony R.

    2008-01-01

    This viewgraph document reviews the Balanced Flow Measurement (BFM) and Conditioning Technology, and makes the case for this as the NASA Invention of the Year. The BFM technology makes use of a thin, multi-hole orifice plate with holes sized and placed per a unique set of equations. It produces mass flow, volumetric flow,kinelic energy,or momentum BALANCE across the face of the plate. The flow is proportional.to the square root of upstream to downstream differential pressure. Multiple holes lead to smoother pressure measurement. Measures and conditions or can limit fluid flow. This innovation has many uses in and out of NASA.

  12. Inventions Utilizing Microfluidics and Colloidal Particles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marr, David W.; Gong, Tieying; Oakey, John; Terray, Alexander V.; Wu, David T.

    2009-01-01

    Several related inventions pertain to families of devices that utilize microfluidics and/or colloidal particles to obtain useful physical effects. The families of devices can be summarized as follows: (1) Microfluidic pumps and/or valves wherein colloidal-size particles driven by electrical, magnetic, or optical fields serve as the principal moving parts that propel and/or direct the affected flows. (2) Devices that are similar to the aforementioned pumps and/or valves except that they are used to manipulate light instead of fluids. The colloidal particles in these devices are substantially constrained to move in a plane and are driven to spatially order them into arrays that function, variously, as waveguides, filters, or switches for optical signals. (3) Devices wherein the ultra-laminar nature of microfluidic flows is exploited to effect separation, sorting, or filtering of colloidal particles or biological cells in suspension. (4) Devices wherein a combination of confinement and applied electrical and/or optical fields forces the colloidal particles to become arranged into three-dimensional crystal lattices. Control of the colloidal crystalline structures could be exploited to control diffraction of light. (5) Microfluidic devices, incorporating fluid waveguides, wherein switching of flows among different paths would be accompanied by switching of optical signals.

  13. Computer-Aided TRIZ Ideality and Level of Invention Estimation Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adams, Christopher; Tate, Derrick

    Patent textual descriptions provide a wealth of information that can be used to understand the underlying design approaches that result in the generation of novel and innovative technology. This article will discuss a new approach for estimating Degree of Ideality and Level of Invention metrics from the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) using patent textual information. Patent text includes information that can be used to model both the functions performed by a design and the associated costs and problems that affect a design’s value. The motivation of this research is to use patent data with calculation of TRIZ metrics to help designers understand which combinations of system components and functions result in creative and innovative design solutions. This article will discuss in detail methods to estimate these TRIZ metrics using natural language processing and machine learning with the use of neural networks.

  14. Innovation 101: The story behind the invention of DNATrax

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farquar, George

    Lawrence Livermore researcher George Farquar shares the story behind the invention of DNATrax, a cost-effective and highly efficient method to accurately trace contaminated food back to its source. Foodborne illnesses kill roughly 3,000 Americans each year and about 1 in 6 are sickened, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yet most contaminated foods are never traced back to their source. That’s because existing methods to track tainted food following its supply chain from table to farm are highly inefficient, jeopardizing the health of millions and costing the food industry billions. A typical process to trace food includesmore » interviewing consumers and suppliers and examining every detail of the supply chain, a tedious method that takes weeks at best to complete.« less

  15. 77 FR 54647 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Sicily: Art and Invention...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-05

    ... exhibition ``Sicily: Art and Invention Between Greece and Rome,'' imported from abroad for temporary... exhibit objects at The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California from on or about April 3, 2013, until on or about August 19, 2013; and then at the Cleveland Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio from...

  16. 43 CFR 6.9 - Publication and public use of invention before patent application is filed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Publication and public use of invention before patent application is filed. 6.9 Section 6.9 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the... report, to report forthwith to the Solicitor any publication or use (other than experimental) of an...

  17. From Hallucination to Fiction: The Invention of Meaning in Psychosis.

    PubMed

    Lippi, Silvia; Lehaire, Célia; Petit, Laetitia

    2016-12-01

    Taking their inspiration from a case history, the authors explore the effects of a writing workshop led by a professional writer for patients in a psychiatric hospital. This workshop allowed different modes of transference to unfold: transference to the analyst-therapist, transference to the writer who led the workshop, and transference to the other members of the group. The writing activity created conditions in which there could be a movement from hallucination to delusion-a delusion expressed in fiction through the act of writing. Psychotic patients "invent" a writing that remains unfinished and that relates to the experiences of persecution. Writing thus makes it possible for them to tolerate language, through its transformation into writing.

  18. [Comment on the ruling about the appeal against the Directive on biotechnological inventions].

    PubMed

    Fernando Magarzo, M R

    2001-01-01

    The author examines the content of the European Court of Justice ruling which dismisses the appeal lodged by the Netherlands against Directive 98/44 concerning the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. The main grounds for the appeal were as follows: inappropriate choice of points of law; breach of the principle of subsidiarity; violation of the principle of legal certainty; breach of International Law obligations; undermining of human dignity; breach of the principle of collegiality.

  19. Thomas Edison's Inventions in the 1900s and Today: From "New" to You! [Lesson Plan].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    2002

    The purpose of this lesson is to familiarize students with life and technology around 1900 so that they can better understand how Thomas Edison and his many inventions influenced both. Without some understanding of Edison's time, it is unclear just how significant an impact Edison had on the world, both then and now. While the incandescent light…

  20. What Do You Teach...? The Role of Argument in Rhetorical Invention: An Integrated Skills Approach.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stelzner, Sara L.

    Speaking and writing should be taught together as they both are concerned with the communication model that includes a speaker, a listener, and a subject and the way these elements affect each other. In speaking, it is clear that invention is a public process depending on the listener's or receiver's active participation in the creation of…

  1. 37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  2. 37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  3. 37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  4. 37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  5. 37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

  6. The Invention of Infertility in the Classical Greek World:

    PubMed Central

    Flemming, Rebecca

    2013-01-01

    Summary The article examines the understandings of, and responses to, reproductive failure in the classical Greek world. It discusses explanations and treatments for non-procreation in a range of ancient Greek medical texts, focusing on the writings of the Hippocratic Corpus, which devote considerable energy to matters of fertility and generation, and places them alongside the availability of a divine approach to dealing with reproductive disruption, the possibility of asking various deities, including the specialist healing god Asclepius, for assistance in having children. Though the relations between these options are complex, they combine to produce a rich remedial array for those struggling with childlessness, the possibility that any impediment to procreation can be removed. Classical Greece, rather than the nineteenth century, or even 1978, is thus the time when “infertility,” understood as an essentially reversible somatic state, was invented. PMID:24362276

  7. Functional expansion of human tRNA synthetases achieved by structural inventions

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Min; Schimmel, Paul; Yang, Xiang-Lei

    2010-01-01

    Known as an essential component of the translational apparatus, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family catalyzes the first step reaction in protein synthesis, that is, to specifically attach each amino acid to its cognate tRNA. While preserving this essential role, tRNA synthetases developed other roles during evolution. Human tRNA synthetases, in particular, have diverse functions in different pathways involving angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis. The functional diversity is further illustrated in the association with various diseases through genetic mutations that do not affect aminoacylation or protein synthesis. Here we review the accumulated knowledge on how human tRNA synthetases used structural inventions to achieve functional expansions. PMID:19932696

  8. The Astronomical Instrument, So-Gahui Invented During King Sejong Period

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Yong-Sam Lee; Kim, Sang-Hyuk

    2002-09-01

    So-ganui, namely small simplified armillary sphere, was invented as an astronomical instrument by Lee Cheon, Jeong Cho, Jung In-Ji under 16 years' rule of King Sejong. We collect records and observed data on So-ganui. It is designed to measure position of celestial sphere and to determine time. It also can be transformed equatorial to horizontal, and horizontal to equatorial coordinate. It can measure the right ascension, declination, altitude and azimuth. It is composed of Sayu-hwan (Four displacements), Jeokdo-hwan (Equatorial dial), Baekgak-hwan (Ring with one hundred-interval quarters), Gyuhyeong (Sighting aliadade), Yongju (Dragon-pillar) and Bu (Stand). So-ganui was used conveniently portable surveying as well as astronomical instrument and possible to determine time during day and night.

  9. Re-inventing the Historical in Comparative Education: Reflections on a Protean Episteme by a Contemporary Player.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kazamias, Andreas M.

    2001-01-01

    Since the 1960s, the epistemological-cum-methodological orientations of American and British comparative education changed from being historical to being social scientific. This metamorphosis has impoverished the field, and a return to a re-invented historical mode of comparative analysis would help to humanize comparative education in a cosmos of…

  10. Group Playing by Ear in Higher Education: The Processes That Support Imitation, Invention and Group Improvisation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Varvarigou, Maria

    2017-01-01

    This article explores how group playing by ear (GEP) through imitation of recorded material and opportunities for inventive work during peer interaction was used to support first year undergraduate western classical music students' aural, group creativity and improvisation skills. The framework that emerged from the analysis of the data describes…

  11. Impact of America Invents Act on Biotech Intellectual Property

    PubMed Central

    Murphy, Amanda; Stramiello, Michael; Stroud, Jonathan; Lewis, Stacy; Irving, Tom

    2015-01-01

    This review introduces the America Invents Act (AIA), a comprehensive reform of U.S. law on patentability and patent enforceability that Congress enacted in 2011. The AIA’s most publicized change transforms the United States from a “first-to-invent” system to a “first-inventor-to-file” regime, bringing U.S. patent law more in line with the patent systems of nearly every other industrialized country in the world. This new system requires small companies and independent inventors to toe the line against larger competitors in what many have called a “race to the patent office.” But a closer look at the AIA reveals several opportunities for smaller entities that may even the playing field, particularly for innovators in the biotech sector. This article addresses changes that the AIA brings to U.S. patent law, keeping an eye toward issues relevant to biotech companies. PMID:25918182

  12. Modelling Chemical Reasoning to Predict and Invent Reactions.

    PubMed

    Segler, Marwin H S; Waller, Mark P

    2017-05-02

    The ability to reason beyond established knowledge allows organic chemists to solve synthetic problems and invent novel transformations. Herein, we propose a model that mimics chemical reasoning, and formalises reaction prediction as finding missing links in a knowledge graph. We have constructed a knowledge graph containing 14.4 million molecules and 8.2 million binary reactions, which represents the bulk of all chemical reactions ever published in the scientific literature. Our model outperforms a rule-based expert system in the reaction prediction task for 180 000 randomly selected binary reactions. The data-driven model generalises even beyond known reaction types, and is thus capable of effectively (re-)discovering novel transformations (even including transition metal-catalysed reactions). Our model enables computers to infer hypotheses about reactivity and reactions by only considering the intrinsic local structure of the graph and because each single reaction prediction is typically achieved in a sub-second time frame, the model can be used as a high-throughput generator of reaction hypotheses for reaction discovery. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  13. The Impact of Guidance during Problem-Solving Prior to Instruction on Students' Inventions and Learning Outcomes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Loibl, Katharina; Rummel, Nikol

    2014-01-01

    Multiple studies have shown benefits of problem-solving prior to instruction (cf. Productive Failure, Invention) in comparison to direct instruction. However, students' solutions prior to instruction are usually erroneous or incomplete. In analogy to "guided" discovery learning, it might therefore be fruitful to lead students…

  14. The Associations among Preschool Children's Growth in Early Reading, Executive Function, and Invented Spelling Skills

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhang, Chenyi; Bingham, Gary E.; Quinn, Margaret F.

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of the present study was to examine associations among children's emergent literacy (early reading), language, executive function (EF), and invented spelling skills across prekindergarten. Participants included 123, primarily African American, 4-year-old children enrolled in a variety of prekindergarten settings. In addition to…

  15. 48 CFR 1827.305-4 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS... entire right to, title to, and interest in an invention under the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology... and Space Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2457(a)), and reflected in appropriate instruments...

  16. 48 CFR 1827.305-4 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS... entire right to, title to, and interest in an invention under the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology... and Space Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2457(a)), and reflected in appropriate instruments...

  17. 48 CFR 1827.305-4 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS... entire right to, title to, and interest in an invention under the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology... and Space Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2457(a)), and reflected in appropriate instruments...

  18. 48 CFR 1827.305-4 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS... entire right to, title to, and interest in an invention under the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology... and Space Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2457(a)), and reflected in appropriate instruments...

  19. 48 CFR 1827.305-4 - Conveyance of invention rights acquired by the Government. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS... entire right to, title to, and interest in an invention under the clause at 1852.227-70, New Technology... and Space Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2457(a)), and reflected in appropriate instruments...

  20. 77 FR 71404 - Notice of Intent to License Government-Owned Inventions; Intent to License on a Partially...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-30

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Notice of Intent to License Government-Owned Inventions; Intent to License on a Partially-Exclusive Basis AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION..., issued 07/ 28/2009 and entitled ``Radiation source with self-aligning optics,'' U.S. Patent 7,852,469...

  1. Impacts of Learning Inventive Problem-Solving Principles: Students' Transition from Systematic Searching to Heuristic Problem Solving

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barak, Moshe

    2013-01-01

    This paper presents the outcomes of teaching an inventive problem-solving course in junior high schools in an attempt to deal with the current relative neglect of fostering students' creativity and problem-solving capabilities in traditional schooling. The method involves carrying out systematic manipulation with attributes, functions and…

  2. Private Finance 2 (PF2): Re-inventing the Wheel?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zawawi, N. A. W. A.; Abdul-Aziz, A. R.; Khamidi, M. F.; Othman, I.; Idrus, A.; Umar, A. A.

    2013-06-01

    The Procurement policy of any government is the most influential factor in determining the efficiency of infrastructure and service provision like roads, water supply and energy. The UK's HM Treasury released its new guidelines on private involvement in infrastructures provision and services towards reforming the popular Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) policy. This new approach, it now refers to as the Private Finance 2 (PF2) is meant to correct the imperfections which have bedeviled the older version-PFI. However, the 'new guidelines' contained nothing really new in the area of private financing and operation of public infrastructures, at best it is akin to 're-inventing the wheel' rather than being 'new'. While dwelling extensively on issues relating to cheaper financing sources, risks transfer, counterpart funding by government and improving public sector procurement skills, this paper argues that some countries in the developing world have long recognised these issues and taken practical steps to correct them.

  3. Toward a Reconception of Absence in the School Workplace: Teacher Absenteeism as Invention and Social Exchange.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobson, Stephen L.; And Others

    Findings of a study that formulated and tested new ways of thinking about teacher absence are presented in this paper, which is based on the premise that teacher absenteeism is a social invention that must be studied within the context of the work site and understood as a function of the social exchange that occurs therein. Prior research has used…

  4. 37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

  5. 37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

  6. 37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

  7. 37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

  8. 37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

  9. EPA-developed, patented technologies related to miscellaneous areas of environmental experties and invention that are available for licensing

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Under the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA), Federal Agencies can patent inventions developed during the course of research. These technologies can then be licensed to businesses or individuals for further development and sale in the marketplace. These technologies relate to ecological research, human health, and manufacturing.

  10. Inventions on baker's yeast strains and specialty ingredients.

    PubMed

    Gélinas, Pierre

    2009-06-01

    Baker's yeast is one of the oldest food microbial starters. Between 1927 and 2008, 165 inventions on more than 337 baker's yeast strains were patented. The first generation of patented yeast strains claimed improved biomass yield at the yeast plant, higher gassing power in dough or better survival to drying to prepare active dry baker's yeast. Especially between 1980 and 1995, a major interest was given to strains for multiple bakery applications such as dough with variable sugar content and stored at refrigeration (cold) or freezing temperatures. During the same period, genetically engineered yeast strains became very popular but did not find applications in the baking industry. Since year 2000, patented baker's yeast strains claimed aroma, anti-moulding or nutritive properties to better meet the needs of the baking industry. In addition to patents on yeast strains, 47 patents were issued on baker's yeast specialty ingredients for niche markets. This review shows that patents on baker's yeast with improved characteristics such as aromatic or nutritive properties have regularly been issued since the 1920's. Overall, it also confirms recent interest for a very wide range of tailored-made yeast-based ingredients for bakery applications.

  11. Gritty Surface Sample Holder Invented To Obtain Correct X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectra for Concentrated Materials by Fluorescence Yield.

    PubMed

    Abe, Hitoshi; Niwa, Yasuhiro; Kimura, Masao; Murakami, Youichi; Yokoyama, Toshiharu; Hosono, Hideo

    2016-04-05

    A gritty surface sample holder has been invented to obtain correct XAFS spectra for concentrated samples by fluorescence yield (FY). Materials are usually mixed with boron nitride (BN) to prepare proper concentrations to measure XAFS spectra. Some materials, however, could not be mixed with BN and would be measured in too concentrated conditions to obtain correct XAFS spectra. Consequently, XAFS spectra will be incorrect typically with decreased intensities of the peaks. We have invented the gritty surface sample holders to obtain correct XAFS spectra even for concentrated materials for FY measurements. Pure Cu and CuO powders were measured mounted on the sample holders, and the same spectra were obtained as transmission spectra of properly prepared samples. This sample holder is useful to measure XAFS for any concentrated materials.

  12. Trick-or-Treat Candy-Getters and Hornet Scare Devices: Second Graders Make Creative Inventions Related to Animal Adaptations

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rule, Audrey C.; Baldwin, Samantha; Schell, Robert

    2009-01-01

    This repeated measures study examined second graders' (n = 21) performance in creating inventions related to animal adaptations for simple products under two conditions that alternated each week for a six-week period. In the analogy condition, students used form and function analogy object boxes to learn about animal adaptations, applying these…

  13. The invention of health law.

    PubMed

    Bloche, M Gregg

    2003-03-01

    By default, the courts are inventing health law. The law governing the American health system arises from an unruly mix of statutes, regulations, and judge-crafted doctrines conceived, in the main, without medical care in mind. Courts are ill-equipped to put order to this chaos, and until recently they have been disinclined to try. But political gridlock and popular ire over managed care have pushed them into the breach, and the Supreme Court has become a proactive health policy player. How might judges make sense of health law's disparate doctrinal standards? Scholars from diverse ideological starting points have converged toward a single answer: the law should look to deploy medical resources in a systematically rational manner, so as to maximize the benefits that every dollar buys. This answer bases the orderly development of health care law upon our ability to reach stable understandings, in myriad circumstances, of what welfare maximization requires. In this Article, I contend that this goal is not achievable. Scientific ignorance, cognitive limitations, and normative disagreements yield shifting, incomplete, and contradictory understandings of social welfare in the health sphere. The chaotic state of health care law today reflects this unruliness. In making systemic welfare maximization the lodestar for health law, we risk falling so far short of aspirations for reasoned decision making as to invite disillusion about the possibilities for any sort of rationality in this field. Accordingly, I urge that we define health law's aims more modestly, based on acknowledgement that its rationality is discontinuous across substantive contexts and changeable with time. This concession to human limits, I argue, opens the way to health policy that mediates wisely between our desire for public action to maximize the well being of the many and our intimate wishes to be treated noninstrumentally, as separate ends. I conclude with an effort to identify the goals of health law

  14. 75 FR 77624 - Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for U.S. Army Owned Inventions to Polymer Processing Institute

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for U.S. Army Owned Inventions to Polymer Processing Institute AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice... contemplates granting an exclusive license to Polymer Processing Institute, a not-for-profit corporation having...

  15. Inventing the future: Energy and the CO2 "greenhouse" effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Davis, E. E., Jr.

    Dennis Gabor, A winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, once remarked that man cannot predict the future, but he can invent it. The point is that while we do not know with certainty how things will turn out, our own actions can play a powerful role in shaping the future. Naturally, Gabor had in mind the power of science and technology, and the model includes that of correction or feedback. It is an important: Man does not have the gift of prophecy. Any manager or government planner would err seriously by masterminding a plan based unalterably on some vision of the future, without provision for mid-course correction. It is also a comforting thought. With man's notorious inability to create reliable predictions about such matters as elections, stock markets, energy supply and demand, and, of course, the weather, it is a great consolation to feel that we can still retain some control of the future.

  16. Al Gore did Not Invent the Internet, Hans Christian Oersted did in 1820

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roberts, James; Anand, Aman; Dahiya, Jai

    2009-04-01

    In this talk it will be shown how the simple process of a current in a wire producing ``action at a distance'' in a compass can lead to development of the telegraph, telephone, wireless communication and finally to the internet. This discovery led to the invention of a motor and an electric generator. Such simple discoveries often have profound effects on what we are able to do. A discussion of how activities based on this discovery are being used in the Regional Collaborative for Excellence in Science Teaching UNT to engage students and teachers in science activities. Hand out materials will be provided to the audience on these activities.

  17. Inventing a Space Mission: The Story of the Herschel Space Observatory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Minier, Vincent; Bonnet, Roger-Maurice; Bontems, Vincent; de Graauw, Thijs; Griffin, Matt; Helmich, Frank; Pilbratt, Göran; Volonte, Sergio

    This book describes prominent technological achievements within a very successful space science mission: the Herschel space observatory. Focusing on the various processes of innovation it offers an analysis and discussion of the social, technological and scientific context of the mission that paved the way to its development. It addresses the key question raised by these processes in our modern society, i.e.: how knowledge management of innovation set the conditions for inventing the future? In that respect the book is based on a transdisciplinary analysis of the programmatic complexity of Herschel, with inputs from space scientists, managers, philosophers, and engineers. This book is addressed to decision makers, not only in space science, but also in other industries and sciences using or building large machines. It is also addressed to space engineers and scientists as well as students in science and management.

  18. Patent border wars: defining the boundary between scientific discoveries and patentable inventions.

    PubMed

    Holman, Christopher M

    2007-12-01

    Drawing an appropriate boundary between unpatentable natural phenomena and patentable inventions is crucial in preventing the patent laws from unduly restricting access to fundamental scientific discoveries. Some would argue that, particularly in the U.S., patents are being issued that purport to claim a novel product or process but that, in effect, encompass any practical application of a fundamental biological principle. Examples include gene patents, which Congress is considering banning, and patents relating to biological correlations and pathways, such as the patents at issue in the headline-grabbing LabCorp v. Metabolite and Ariad v. Eli Lilly litigations. In view of the mounting concern, it seems likely that Congress and/or the courts will address the issue, and perhaps substantially shift the boundary.

  19. 78 FR 17871 - Changes To Implement the Technical Corrections to the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act as to Inter...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-25

    ... rule eliminates the nine-month ``dead zone'' for filing an inter partes review petition challenging a..., section 1(d) of the AIA Technical Corrections Act and this final rule eliminate the nine-month ``dead zone... the nine-month ``dead zone'' as to first-to-invent patents and reissue patents. Costs and Benefits...

  20. 78 FR 16182 - Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-14

    ...-2012-0015] RIN 0651-AC77 Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith... inventor to file provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) (First Inventor to File Final Rule... provisions of the AIA. See Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith...

  1. 78 FR 11023 - Changes To Implement the First Inventor To File Provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-14

    ...'' system; treats U.S. patents and U.S. patent application publications as prior art as of their earliest... agreement patents and patent application publications as being by the same inventive entity for purposes of..., 2013. Applicability date: The changes to 37 CFR 1.55 and 1.78 apply to any application filed under 35 U...

  2. The Idea and Reality of an Innovative School: From Inventive Design to Established Practice in a New School Building

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sigurðardóttir, Anna Kristín; Hjartarson, Torfi

    2016-01-01

    The physical environment in schools has in the literature of late been gaining recognition as a potential factor supporting educational change. This article draws a single case out of a research sample of 20 schools in Iceland to relate an inventive design process as the school was being developed and study the current state of established school…

  3. A Leprechaun in King Arthur's Court: Topic, Theme and Mode in the Writing of First Graders Using Invented Spelling.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hunt, Barbara Carey

    The writing of five consecutive classes of first grade students was analyzed to investigate the selection of topic, theme, and mode in six-year-old children learning to read and write through the use of an invented spelling approach in an open classroom. The writing studied was in the form of 993 "books" (several sheets of paper stapled…

  4. Method and apparatus for collaborative use of application program

    DOEpatents

    Dean, Craig D.

    1994-01-01

    Method and apparatus permitting the collaborative use of a computer application program simultaneously by multiple users at different stations. The method is useful with communication protocols having client/server control structures. The method of the invention requires only a sole executing copy of the application program and a sole executing copy of software comprising the invention. Users may collaboratively use a set of application programs by invoking for each desired application program one copy of software comprising the invention.

  5. 77 FR 2278 - Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for a U.S. Army Owned Invention to Triumph Actuation Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-17

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Intent To Grant an Exclusive License for a U.S. Army Owned Invention to Triumph Actuation Systems--CT, LLC AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of the Army announces that, unless there is objection, after 15 days it...

  6. From ecological records to big data: the invention of global biodiversity.

    PubMed

    Devictor, Vincent; Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette

    2016-12-01

    This paper is a critical assessment of the epistemological impact of the systematic quantification of nature with the accumulation of big datasets on the practice and orientation of ecological science. We examine the contents of big databases and argue that it is not just accumulated information; records are translated into digital data in a process that changes their meanings. In order to better understand what is at stake in the 'datafication' process, we explore the context for the emergence and quantification of biodiversity in the 1980s, along with the concept of the global environment. In tracing the origin and development of the global biodiversity information facility (GBIF) we describe big data biodiversity projects as a techno-political construction dedicated to monitoring a new object: the global diversity. We argue that, biodiversity big data became a powerful driver behind the invention of the concept of the global environment, and a way to embed ecological science in the political agenda.

  7. Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Greenfield, Stanley

    2000-05-01

    This paper shows how experiments with electrical discharges from the 18th century onward led to their use as sources in atomic spectroscopy and how the invention of the annular inductively coupled plasma (ICP) some 30 years ago arose from the need to solve a problem that necessitated the use of a high-temperature source. The search for such a source followed a fairly logical pattern involving dc plasma jets and an ICP such as had been used by T. B. Reed for crystal growing. The ellipsoidal plasma used by Reed was not entirely suitable as a spectroscopic source, since the analytical sample either mixed with the plasma gases or passed around the plasma, resulting in matrix effects and a diminution in the emission. It is shown how suitable modification of the plasma torch with attention to gas flows made it possible to produce an annular or tunnel plasma through which the sample aerosol could be passed, resulting in an annular ICP with greatly improved spectroscopic properties. The further refinements to the source and ancillary equipment are also discussed.

  8. Testing a Nested Skills Model of the Relations among Invented Spelling, Accurate Spelling, and Word Reading, from Kindergarten to Grade 1

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sénéchal, Monique

    2017-01-01

    The goal was to assess the role of invented spelling to subsequent reading and spelling as proposed by the Nested Skills Model of Early Literacy Acquisition. 107 English-speaking children were tested at the beginning of kindergarten and grade 1, and at the end of grade 1. The findings provided support for the proposed model. First, the role played…

  9. The invention of infertility in the classical Greek world: medicine, divinity, and gender.

    PubMed

    Flemming, Rebecca

    2013-01-01

    The article examines the understandings of, and responses to, reproductive failure in the classical Greek world. It discusses explanations and treatments for non-procreation in a range of ancient Greek medical texts, focusing on the writings of the Hippocratic Corpus, which devote considerable energy to matters of fertility and generation, and places them alongside the availability of a divine approach to dealing with reproductive disruption, the possibility of asking various deities, including the specialist healing god Asclepius, for assistance in having children. Though the relations between these options are complex, they combine to produce a rich remedial array for those struggling with childlessness, the possibility that any impediment to procreation can be removed. Classical Greece, rather than the nineteenth century, or even 1978, is thus the time when "infertility," understood as an essentially reversible somatic state, was invented.

  10. A review of Catherine Milne's book, The Invention of Science

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gilmer, Penny J.

    2011-12-01

    Catherine Milne's book, The Invention of Science, recounts the history of science (mainly Eurocentric) from cross-cultural, historical and philosophical worldviews. Scientists, science educators, and teachers would find this an interesting book, not only for themselves but also for those with whom they interact. Most accounts are of the great men in science with some to women in science, including reference to the exclusion of women from science. Milne provides thought-provoking activities to use in the classroom, like asking students to write the processes that occur when sugar dissolves in hot tea, with students including the three components of causal explanation. She also encourages teachers to use narratives to help students learn the context of discovery in science. In a comparison of analogical, deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning, she encourages teachers to pay attention to dialogical arguments. Book review author predicts that Milne's book will fit well with the nation's next generation science standards, still in development form. Milne succeeded in her goal "to combine aspects of the philosophy and history; not just to focus on specific scientific ideas but to provide a hint of the complex relationship between place and history, space and time, in the development of Eurocentric science."

  11. Roger Hayward and the Invention of the Two-Mirror Schmidt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bell, T. E.

    2005-12-01

    Roger Hayward (1899-1979), now virtually unknown, was a multitalented architect, scientific illustrator, and optical inventor. Remembered primarily for illustrating Scientific American magazine's Amateur Scientist column between 1949 and 1974, he also illustrated more than a dozen textbooks in optics, physics, geology, oceanography, and chemistry, several of which became classics in their fields. He designed façades with astronomical themes for major buildings in Los Angeles, California, and sculpted mammoth, realistic models of the moon for Griffith Observatory, Adler Planetarium, and Disneyland. Throughout his life, he recreationally painted watercolors and oils that at least one critic likened to the work of John Singer Sargent. Hayward is least known as an optical designer, yet he made significant contributions to the DU spectrophotometer that established the multimillion-dollar company Beckman Instruments. During the pre-radar days of World War II at Mount Wilson Observatory, Hayward invented a classified Cassegrain version of the Schmidt telescope especially adapted for nighttime infrared aerial photography, plus extraordinarily simple machines that allowed inexperienced soldiers to grind, polish, and test accurate aspheric Schmidt correcting plates at speeds compatible with mass production - and later received U.S. patents for them all. This paper, drawn in part from unpublished letters between Hayward and Albert G. Ingalls, will feature little-known images of Hayward's work.

  12. Invention Versus Direct Instruction: For Some Content, It's a Tie

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chase, Catherine C.; Klahr, David

    2017-12-01

    An important, but as yet unresolved pedagogical question is whether discovery-oriented or direct instruction methods lead to greater learning and transfer. We address this issue in a study with 101 fourth and fifth grade students that contrasts two distinct instructional methods. One is a blend of discovery and direct instruction called Invent-then-Tell (IT), and the other is a version of direct instruction called Tell-then-Practice (TP). The relative effectiveness of these methods is compared in the context of learning a critical inquiry skill—the control-of-variables strategy. Previous research has demonstrated the success of IT over TP for teaching deep domain structures, while other research has demonstrated the superiority of direct instruction for teaching simple experimental design, a domain-general inquiry skill. In the present study, students in both conditions made equally large gains on an immediate assessment of their application and conceptual understanding of experimental design, and they also performed similarly on a test of far transfer. These results were fairly consistent across school populations with various levels of prior achievement and socioeconomic status. Findings suggest that broad claims about the relative effectiveness of these two distinct methods should be conditionalized by particular instructional contexts, such as the type of knowledge being taught.

  13. Recent Inventions and Trends in Algal Biofuels Research.

    PubMed

    Karemore, Ankush; Nayak, Manoranjan; Sen, Ramkrishna

    2016-01-01

    In recent times, when energy crisis compounded by global warming and climate change is receiving worldwide attention, the emergence of algae, as a better feedstock for third-generation biofuels than energy crops or plants, holds great promise. As compared to conventional biofuels feedstocks, algae offer several advantages and can alone produce a significant amount of biofuels sustainably in a shorter period to fulfill the rising demand for energy. Towards commercialisation, there have been numerous efforts put for- ward for the development of algae-derived biofuel. This article reviews and summarizes the recent inventions and the current trends that are reported and captured in relevant patents pertaining to the novel methods of algae biomass cultivation and processing for biofuels and value-added products. In addition, the recent advancement in techniques and technologies for microalgal biofuel production has been highlighted. Various steps involved in the production of algal biofuels have been considered in this article. Moreover, the work that advances to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the processes for the manufacture of biofuels has been presented. Our survey was conducted in the patent databases: WIPO, Spacenet and USPTO. There are still some technological bottlenecks that could be overcome by designing advanced photobioreactor and raceway ponds, developing new and low cost technologies for biomass cultivation, harvesting, drying and extraction. Recent advancement in algae biofuels methods is directed toward developing efficient and integrated systems to produce biofuels by overcoming the current challenges. However, further research effort is required to scale-up and improve the efficiency of these methods in the upstream and downstream technologies to make the cost of biofuels competitive with petroleum fuels.

  14. Protecting new ideas and inventions in nanomedicine with patents.

    PubMed

    Bawa, Raj; Bawa, S R; Maebius, Stephen B; Flynn, Ted; Wei, Chiming

    2005-06-01

    New paradigms are shrinking our world. Tiny is in and patents are essential for success in nanomedicine. In fact, patents are already shaping this nascent and rapidly evolving field. For the past decade a swarm of patent applications pertaining to nanomedicine has been arriving at the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). As companies develop products and processes and begin to seek commercial applications for their inventions, securing valid and defensible patent protection will be vital to their long-term survival. As we enter the "golden era" of medicine, or nanomedicine, in the next decade with the field maturing and the promised breakthroughs accruing, patents will generate licensing revenue, provide leverage in deals and mergers, and reduce the likelihood of infringement. Because development of nanobiotechnology- and nanomedicine-related products is extremely research intensive, without the market exclusivity offered by a US patent, development of these products and their commercial viability in the marketplace will be significantly hampered. In this article, we highlight critical issues relating to patenting nanomedicine products. Effects of the "nanopatent land grab" that is underway in nanomedicine by "patent prospectors" are examined as startups and corporations compete to lock up broad patents in these critical early days. Because nanomedicine is multidisciplinary, patenting presents unique opportunities and poses numerous challenges. Although patents are being sought more actively and enforced more vigorously, the entire patent system is under greater scrutiny and strain, with the PTO continuing to struggle with evaluating nanomedicine-related patent applications.

  15. [Nullification appeal presented by the Dutch Kingdom against the Directive 98/44 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions].

    PubMed

    Fernando Magarzo, M R

    2000-01-01

    The author studies the Appeal of revocation by the Kingdom of Holland against the Directive 98/44 concerning the juridical protection of biotechnological inventions. The main reasons of the Appeal are: the election of a mistaken juridical base; the infraction of the principle of subordination; the violation of the principle of juridical security; the non-fulfillment of the obligations of the International Law; the violation of the fundamental rights; and the infraction of the principle of collegiality.

  16. Older, sociable capuchins (Cebus capucinus) invent more social behaviors, but younger monkeys innovate more in other contexts

    PubMed Central

    Perry, Susan E.; Godoy, Irene

    2017-01-01

    An important extension to our understanding of evolutionary processes has been the discovery of the roles that individual and social learning play in creating recurring phenotypes on which selection can act. Cultural change occurs chiefly through invention of new behavioral variants combined with social transmission of the novel behaviors to new practitioners. Therefore, understanding what makes some individuals more likely to innovate and/or transmit new behaviors is critical for creating realistic models of culture change. The difficulty in identifying what behaviors qualify as new in wild animal populations has inhibited researchers from understanding the characteristics of behavioral innovations and innovators. Here, we present the findings of a long-term, systematic study of innovation (10 y, 10 groups, and 234 individuals) in wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in Lomas Barbudal, Costa Rica. Our methodology explicitly seeks novel behaviors, requiring their absence during the first 5 y of the study to qualify as novel in the second 5 y of the study. Only about 20% of 187 innovations identified were retained in innovators’ individual behavioral repertoires, and 22% were subsequently seen in other group members. Older, more social monkeys were more likely to invent new forms of social interaction, whereas younger monkeys were more likely to innovate in other behavioral domains (foraging, investigative, and self-directed behaviors). Sex and rank had little effect on innovative tendencies. Relative to apes, capuchins devote more of their innovations repertoire to investigative behaviors and social bonding behaviors and less to foraging and comfort behaviors. PMID:28739946

  17. The self invented personality? Reflections on authenticity and writing analytic papers.

    PubMed

    Astor, James

    2005-09-01

    One of the great themes of American literature is the self-invented personality, whether it is Scott Fitzgerald's Gatsby or one of Philip Roth's alter egos, such as Nathaniel Zuckerman. This is just one of several approaches which novelists employ. They take a problem from life, perhaps their own, and then embark on solving the problem of the book-which is how to write about this. Sometimes, as in Tobias Wolff's novel Old School, the personality of the narrator is woven into an exploration of the creative process itself. Wolff's novel concerns itself not just with writing but with how to become a writer. I explore how this process is similar to both writing about analysis and becoming an analyst. In doing this I discuss issues of authenticity, fiction, art, the effects of identification, the power of the super-ego, supervision and learning, integrity of life and work, envy and the xenocidal impulse, the regulation of our profession and the loss of trust, and in so doing join in discussion with Plaut, Wharton, Tuckett and others about professional communications, the internal world and the mysteriousness of our relation to our internal objects.

  18. Colours in black and white: the depiction of lightness and brightness in achromatic engravings before the invention of photography.

    PubMed

    Zavagno, Daniele; Massironi, Manfredo

    2006-01-01

    What is it like to see the world in black and white? In the pioneer days of cinema, when movies displayed grey worlds, was it true that no 'colours' were actually seen? Did every object seen in those projections appear grey in the same way? The answer is obviously no--people in those glorious days were seeing a world full of light, shadows, and objects in which colours were expressed in terms of lightness. But the marvels of grey worlds have not always been so richly displayed. Before the invention of photography, the depiction of scenes in black-and-white had to face some technical and perceptual challenges. We have studied the technical and perceptual constraints that XV-XVIII century engravers had to face in order to translate actual colours into shades of grey. An indeterminacy principle is considered, according to which artists had to prefer the representation of some object or scene features over others (for example brightness over lightness). The reasons for this lay between the kind of grey scale technically available and the kind of information used in the construction of 3-D scenes. With the invention of photography, photomechanical reproductions, and new printing solutions, artists had at their disposal a continuous grey scale that greatly reduces the constraints of the indeterminacy principle.

  19. Innovation or 'Inventions'? The conflict between latent assumptions in marine aquaculture and local fishery.

    PubMed

    Martínez-Novo, Rodrigo; Lizcano, Emmánuel; Herrera-Racionero, Paloma; Miret-Pastor, Lluís

    2018-02-01

    Recent European policy highlights the need to promote local fishery and aquaculture by means of innovation and joint participation in fishery management as one of the keys to achieve the sustainability of our seas. However, the implicit assumptions held by the actors in the two main groups involved - innovators (scientists, businessmen and administration managers) and local fishermen - can complicate, perhaps even render impossible, mutual understanding and co-operation. A qualitative analysis of interviews with members of both groups in the Valencian Community (Spain) reveals those latent assumptions and their impact on the respective practices. The analysis shows that the innovation narrative in which one group is based and the inventions narrative used by the other one are rooted in two dramatically different, or even antagonistic, collective worldviews. Any environmental policy that implies these groups should take into account these strong discords.

  20. Tactile drawings, ethics, and a sanctuary: metaphoric devices invented by a blind woman.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, John M

    2013-01-01

    Until the last two decades, indications that blind people would understand and create pictures were sparse. EW, a totally blind adult, who began making raised-line drawings in her thirties, created a portfolio of several hundred sketches in nine years. She selects her own topics and invents her treatments of the subjects. What is of special interest here is that two of her drawings, shown in the present paper, depict places but also use devices to indicate one is a sanctuary and the other concerns a tragic era, using metaphor. Lightness of line in a forest drawing indicates it is out of reality, enchanted, and a sanctuary. A tilted grid in a drawing of a Holocaust memorial shows the events at issue were twisted and crooked. The devices are metaphoric and novel. The drawings deal with an ontological category--values--for which metaphorical devices in raised-line depictions have not previously been considered.

  1. Is the European Patent Office's approach to assessing obviousness of antibody inventions consistent?

    PubMed

    Rigby, Barbara

    2014-12-01

    Antibodies can be highly effective in the diagnosis and/or treatment of a wide range of diseases, including certain cancers, viral infections and inflammatory diseases. The development of any new therapeutic antibody is very time consuming, requires significant resources and only a small percentage of initial candidates ever make it onto the market. Patent protection therefore plays a key role in allowing companies to obtain a good return on this investment. However, in Europe, the bar for assessing the inventiveness (obviousness) of antibodies is currently set particularly high, so there is a significant risk that new antibodies may be denied patent protection despite having beneficial properties. This article looks at the rationale behind the European Patent Office's (EPO) current approach to assessing the patentability of antibodies, contrasting it with US practice as well as the EPO's assessment of obviousness in the chemical field. It also explores whether a recent decision by an EPO Appeal Board may help to bring about a change in this practice.

  2. Biography of louis braille and invention of the braille alphabet.

    PubMed

    Jiménez, Javier; Olea, Jesús; Torres, Jesús; Alonso, Inmaculada; Harder, Dirk; Fischer, Konstanze

    2009-01-01

    Louis Braille (1809-1852) was born in France. At the age of three, he wounded his right eye with a cobbler's tool while playing in his father's workshop. No medical knowledge could save his eyesight at that time. Louis's left eye became inflamed, apparently due to subsequent sympathetic ophthalmia, and he eventually lost the sight in that eye. At the age of five, Louis Braille was completely blind. He is considered to be the inventor of a writing system by touch that bears his name, the Braille system. This revolutionary system has allowed blind people to access written culture, and it can therefore be considered a major advance in the quality of life for the blind. The immediate precursor of the invention of the Braille system was the alphabet created by Charles Barbier de la Serre (1767-1841) who created a language by touch designed for military and secret use. Louis Braille modified this alphabet into the Braille alphabet, which is practically the same one that is currently used. It required time to be recognized and to be implemented as a reading and writing method for blind people throughout the world. In 1950, UNESCO effectively universalized the Braille alphabet, and in 2005 it recognized Braille system as a "vital language of communication, as legitimate as all other languages in the world."

  3. Would anyone invent public power today? Can anyone reinvent it?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Michaels, R.J.

    Public power will soon have no choice but to compete in markets where losers are bankrupted. It could once justify itself on grounds that one franchise competitor was better than none, but soon the market will be open to any seller that investors are willing to fund. What role then remains for it? Deregulation is already orienting the private sector toward aggressive competition for customers. The nature of corporate organization will drive the change in private supply, but the nature of government will make any such change harder for public power, if it is even possible. If public power cannotmore » adapt, both its underlying rationale and its survival are in question. If public power did not already exist, would there be any reason to invent it today? The author provides a thumbnail history of the competitive relationships of public and private power. For the past 50 years the two systems have coexisted in a stasis that has survived upheavals in economics, technology, and the industry`s legal environment. The stasis itself is evidence of the constraints that regulation placed on competition. The author also examines the comparative economics of corporate and governmental institutions in order to determine the prospects for private and public power in markets dominated by competition for customers. The article ends with a critical look at strategies that public power systems are adopting to cope with the new competition.« less

  4. Invention and validation of an automated camera system that uses optical character recognition to identify patient name mislabeled samples.

    PubMed

    Hawker, Charles D; McCarthy, William; Cleveland, David; Messinger, Bonnie L

    2014-03-01

    Mislabeled samples are a serious problem in most clinical laboratories. Published error rates range from 0.39/1000 to as high as 1.12%. Standardization of bar codes and label formats has not yet achieved the needed improvement. The mislabel rate in our laboratory, although low compared with published rates, prompted us to seek a solution to achieve zero errors. To reduce or eliminate our mislabeled samples, we invented an automated device using 4 cameras to photograph the outside of a sample tube. The system uses optical character recognition (OCR) to look for discrepancies between the patient name in our laboratory information system (LIS) vs the patient name on the customer label. All discrepancies detected by the system's software then require human inspection. The system was installed on our automated track and validated with production samples. We obtained 1 009 830 images during the validation period, and every image was reviewed. OCR passed approximately 75% of the samples, and no mislabeled samples were passed. The 25% failed by the system included 121 samples actually mislabeled by patient name and 148 samples with spelling discrepancies between the patient name on the customer label and the patient name in our LIS. Only 71 of the 121 mislabeled samples detected by OCR were found through our normal quality assurance process. We have invented an automated camera system that uses OCR technology to identify potential mislabeled samples. We have validated this system using samples transported on our automated track. Full implementation of this technology offers the possibility of zero mislabeled samples in the preanalytic stage.

  5. Psychometric properties of the revised conscientiousness dimension of Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP).

    PubMed

    Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Souza, Bruna Daniela Balbino de; Primi, Ricardo

    2014-01-01

    This study investigated the psychometric properties of the revised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered the IDCP and the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. The analysis of internal structure, association with external variables and reliability of the dimension under review confirmed its validity. The psychometric characteristics of the revised dimension seem to be more adequate than those of the original version and more focused on pathological functioning, which was expected and desirable.

  6. Invented Spelling in Kindergarten as a Predictor of Reading and Spelling in Grade 1: A New Pathway to Literacy, or Just the Same Road, Less Known?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ouellette, Gene; Sénéchal, Monique

    2017-01-01

    In this study we evaluated whether the sophistication of children's invented spellings in kindergarten was predictive of subsequent reading and spelling in Grade 1, while also considering the influence of well-known precursors. Children in their first year of schooling (mean age = 66 months; N = 171) were assessed on measures of oral vocabulary,…

  7. [Inventive activity of the Department of Metabolism Regulation of the Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine].

    PubMed

    Danilova, V M; Vynogradova, R P; Chernysh, I G; Petrenko, T M

    2016-01-01

    The article is devoted to the inventive activity of the Department of Metabolism Regulation of the Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine in the context of the history of its inception, development and the research activities of its founder, academician of NAS of Ukraine M. F. Guly as well as his students and followers. It briefly tells about practical achievements of M. F. Guly which were as significant, immense and diverse as his scientific accomplishments. The paper analyses in detail the practical results of scientific research of his students and followers aimed to solve practical problems of medicine, food-processing, agriculture, and which are essentially a continuation of the ideas and projects of M. F. Guly.

  8. The Global Inventor Gap: Distribution and Equality of World-Wide Inventive Effort, 1990–2010

    PubMed Central

    Toivanen, Hannes; Suominen, Arho

    2015-01-01

    Applying distance-to-frontier analysis, we have used 2.9 million patents and population data to assess whether the relative capacity of world countries and major regions to create new knowledge and technology has become globally more equal or less equal between 1990 and 2010. We show with the Gini coefficient that the global distribution of inventors has become more equal between major countries and regions. However, this trend has been largely due to the improved performance of only two major countries, China and India. The worst performing regions, totalling a population of almost 2 billion, are actually falling behind. Our results suggest that substantial parts of the global population have fallen further behind countries at the global frontier in their ability to create new knowledge and inventions, and that the catch-up among the least developed and middle-income countries is highly uneven, prompting questions about the nature and future of the global knowledge economy. PMID:25849202

  9. An illustrated heuristic prototype facilitates scientific inventive problem solving: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

    PubMed

    Tong, Dandan; Li, Wenfu; Tang, Chaoying; Yang, Wenjing; Tian, Yan; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Meng; Qiu, Jiang; Liu, Yijun; Zhang, Qinglin

    2015-07-01

    Many scientific inventions (SI) throughout history were inspired by heuristic prototypes (HPs). For instance, an event or piece of knowledge similar to displaced water from a tub inspired Archimedes' principle. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this insightful problem solving are not very clear. Thus, the present study explored the neural correlates used to solve SI problems facilitated by HPs. Each HP had two versions: a literal description with an illustration (LDI) and a literal description with no illustration (LDNI). Thirty-two participants were divided randomly into these two groups. Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI contrasts between LDI and LDNI groups were measured. Greater activity in the right middle occipital gyrus (RMOG, BA19), right precentral gyrus (RPCG, BA4), and left middle frontal gyrus (LMFG, BA46) were found within the LDI group as compared to the LDNI group. We discuss these results in terms cognitive functions within these regions related to problem solving and memory retrieval. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. "I remember when we stayed still and the computer still made lines": Young children's invented and conventional representations of motion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kahn, Jason

    This dissertation concerns kindergarteners' and second graders' invented representations of motion, their interactions with conventional representations of motion built from the child's movement in front of a motion detector and using real-time graphing tools, and any changes in the invented representations that this interaction brings about. We have known for several decades that advanced learners (high school aged and beyond) struggle with physics concepts of motion and sometimes Cartesian graph-based representations of motion. Little has been known about how younger students approach the same concepts. In this study, eighteen children (10 kindergarteners and eight second graders) completed a three-hour clinical interview spread out evenly over three weeks. In the first and last interviews, the child was asked to produce external representations of movement and interpret conventional distance and time graphs of motion. In the second interview the children interacted with a motion detector and real-time graphing tools in a semi-self-directed format. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented and discussed. Qualitative data shows that children are adroit at representing motion and their productions are systematic and purposeful. Children produce drawings that both give context to the physical environment around them and also redescribe the drawn environment, meaning that they provide a potential audience with information otherwise imperceptible, by making certain implicit aspects more explicit. Second graders quickly appropriate the Cartesian graph during the intervention, though at times misinterpret the meaning associated with slope. Children correctly associate slope with direction, but at times misattribute sign of slope (positive or negative) and its corresponding direction (i.e. some children do not ascribe positive slope with motion away from a point of reference, but toward it). Kindergarteners showed a range of experiences during the intervention

  11. 77 FR 46615 - Changes To Implement Miscellaneous Post Patent Provisions of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-06

    ...The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) expands the scope of information that any party may cite in a patent file to include written statements of a patent owner filed in a proceeding before a Federal court or the United States Patent and Trademark Office (Office) regarding the scope of any claim of the patent, and provides for how such information may be considered in ex parte reexamination, inter partes review, and post grant review. The AIA also provides for an estoppel that may attach with respect to the filing of an ex parte reexamination request subsequent to a final written decision in an inter partes review or post grant review proceeding. The Office is revising the rules of practice to implement these post-patent provisions, as well as other miscellaneous provisions, of the AIA.

  12. Bringing functions together with fusion enzymes--from nature's inventions to biotechnological applications.

    PubMed

    Elleuche, Skander

    2015-02-01

    It is a mammoth task to develop a modular protein toolbox enabling the production of posttranslational organized multifunctional enzymes that catalyze reactions in complex pathways. However, nature has always guided scientists to mimic evolutionary inventions in the laboratory and, nowadays, versatile methods have been established to experimentally connect enzymatic activities with multiple advantages. Among the oldest known natural examples is the linkage of two or more juxtaposed proteins catalyzing consecutive, non-consecutive, or opposing reactions by a native peptide bond. There are multiple reasons for the artificial construction of such fusion enzymes including improved catalytic activities, enabled substrate channelling by proximity of biocatalysts, higher stabilities, and cheaper production processes. To produce fused proteins, it is either possible to genetically fuse coding open reading frames or to connect proteins in a posttranslational process. Molecular biology techniques that have been established for the production of end-to-end or insertional fusions include overlap extension polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and recombination approaches. Depending on their flexibility and applicability, these methods offer various advantages to produce fusion genes in high throughput, different orientations, and including linker sequences to maximize the flexibility and performance of fusion partners. In this review, practical techniques to fuse genes are highlighted, enzymatic parameters to choose adequate enzymes for fusion approaches are summarized, and examples with biotechnological relevance are presented including a focus on plant biomass-degrading glycosyl hydrolases.

  13. Revocation of European patent for neural progenitors highlights patent challenges for inventions relating to human embryonic stem cells.

    PubMed

    Rigby, Barbara

    2013-11-01

    Cells derived from human embryonic stem cells have great therapeutic potential. Patents are key to allowing companies that develop methods of generating such cells to recuperate their investment. However, in Europe, inventions relating to the use of human embryos for commercial purposes are excluded from patentability on moral grounds. The scope of this morality exclusion was recently tested before Germany's highest court and before the European Patent Office (EPO), with diverging results. The decision by the EPO's Opposition Division to revoke EP1040185 relating to neural precursors and methods for their generation has received a mixed reception. The decision has very recently been appealed, and the outcome of this Appeal should provide more definitive guidance on the scope of the morality exclusion.

  14. 77 FR 48733 - Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents-Definitions of Covered Business Method...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-14

    ... Office 37 CFR Part 42 Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents--Definitions of Covered Business Method Patent and Technological Invention; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 77 , No. 157... Business Method Patents-- Definitions of Covered Business Method Patent and Technological Invention AGENCY...

  15. Developing prehospital clinical practice guidelines for resource limited settings: why re-invent the wheel?

    PubMed

    McCaul, Michael; de Waal, Ben; Hodkinson, Peter; Pigoga, Jennifer L; Young, Taryn; Wallis, Lee A

    2018-02-05

    Methods on developing new (de novo) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have received substantial attention. However, the volume of literature is not matched by research into alternative methods of CPG development using existing CPG documents-a specific issue for guideline development groups in low- and middle-income countries. We report on how we developed a context specific prehospital CPG using an alternative guideline development method. Difficulties experienced and lessons learnt in applying existing global guidelines' recommendations to a national context are highlighted. The project produced the first emergency care CPG for prehospital providers in Africa. It included > 270 CPGs and produced over 1000 recommendations for prehospital emergency care. We encountered various difficulties, including (1) applicability issues: few pre-hospital CPGs applicable to Africa, (2) evidence synthesis: heterogeneous levels of evidence classifications and (3) guideline quality. Learning points included (1) focusing on key CPGs and evidence mapping, (2) searching other resources for CPGs, (3) broad representation on CPG advisory boards and (4) transparency and knowledge translation. Re-inventing the wheel to produce CPGs is not always feasible. We hope this paper will encourage further projects to use existing CPGs in developing guidance to improve patient care in resource-limited settings.

  16. [Medical inventions: developments and approaches in employer-employee [correction of worker-employee] relations].

    PubMed

    Teff, Zvi

    2012-11-01

    The past twenty years have witnessed a huge increase in research activity on the government health system in Israel. Consequently, a number of questions of enhanced importance arise: to whom the resultant IP (intellectual property) belongs?--to the researcher or the employer? and what compensation should the researcher receive for his inventive efforts? The government found many cases where the IP was registered in the name of the inventor/researcher, thus denying the government ownership of the IP. In 2009, the government sued Omryx over ownership of such an IP. Following these developments, the government issued new rules for management of IP in the government health system. They came into effect in November 2010. In many respects, the new rules are more stringent than the Israeli Patent Law in respect of the inventor. However, the stipulation of awards to the inventor in the new rules is generous. In order for the new rules to be enforceable, the following guidelines are recommended: The new rules should be more aligned with the Patent Law and with the meaning given to the Law by the judicial system, and There is need for the assent and awareness of health system workers to the conditions set out in the new rules, preferably in the form of new work contracts that clearly and concurrently delineate the worker's duties, particularly those pertaining to IP.

  17. From Bilski back to Benson: preemption, inventing around, and the case of genetic diagnostics.

    PubMed

    Dreyfuss, Rochelle; Evans, James P

    2011-06-01

    The long-anticipated decision in Bilski v. Kappos was supposed to end uncertainty regarding the patentability of process claims (or, at the least, business method claims). Instead, the opinion featured a series of anomalies: The Court emphasized strict construction of the Patent Act, but acknowledged three judge-made exceptions to patentability. It disapproved State Street, the Federal Circuit case that had upheld business method patents, but could muster only four votes for the proposition that business methods are in fact unpatentable. But even though the Court upheld business method patents, it invalidated all of Bilski's hedging claims. And while the Justices agreed on one thing - a patent that "preempts" something (a mathematical formula, an approach, a commonly used idea, a wide swath of technological developments, the public's access) is bad - they failed to operationalize the concept. That problem had plagued the law prior to State Street; in the interest of preventing the same set of problems from recurring, this Article uses recent empirical studies on gene patents to tease out indicia ("clues") to supplement the machine-or-transformation test for determining when a claim is preemptive and therefore invalid. Chief among these clues is the inability to invent around claims that cover broad prospects.

  18. "Masculine love," Renaissance writing, and the "new invention" of homosexuality: an addendum.

    PubMed

    Forker, C R

    1996-01-01

    Joseph Cady's recent article, "Masculine Love," Renaissance Writing, and the "New Invention' of Homosexuality," Journal of Homosexuality 23.1-2 (1992): 9-40, did much to shed new light on the controversial issue of whether homosexual identity is a relatively late phenomenon (late seventeenth- or early eighteenth-century at the earliest according to scholars of the "constructivist" persuasion) or already existed in the age of the Renaissance and before. Cady argues that homosexual identity is at least as old as the Elizabethan age, and cites from widely divergent sources several early modern instances of the term "masculine love," a term that seems to have been used exclusively to refer to the sexual preference of men for members of their own gender. The present note adds a further example to buttress Cady's case-namely the term "masculine conversation" from Arthur Wilson's History of Great Britain (1653), an account of the reign of James I (who was widely recognized to be sexually attracted to men). The term "conversation" often referred to sexual intercourse, being used in legal discourse to define adultery, and therefore constitutes an even more explicit example of denotative language than those Cady cites. Since Wilson discusses Sir Francis Bacon as well as James I, this brief article explores the historically documentable sexual preferences of these two figures in addition to that of the dramatist Christopher Marlowe and of Bacon's brother Anthony, a diplomat, all of whom seem to have been strongly oriented to "masculine love" and "masculine conversation".

  19. Outcomes from a postgraduate biomedical technology innovation training program: the first 12 years of Stanford Biodesign.

    PubMed

    Brinton, Todd J; Kurihara, Christine Q; Camarillo, David B; Pietzsch, Jan B; Gorodsky, Julian; Zenios, Stefanos A; Doshi, Rajiv; Shen, Christopher; Kumar, Uday N; Mairal, Anurag; Watkins, Jay; Popp, Richard L; Wang, Paul J; Makower, Josh; Krummel, Thomas M; Yock, Paul G

    2013-09-01

    The Stanford Biodesign Program began in 2001 with a mission of helping to train leaders in biomedical technology innovation. A key feature of the program is a full-time postgraduate fellowship where multidisciplinary teams undergo a process of sourcing clinical needs, inventing solutions and planning for implementation of a business strategy. The program places a priority on needs identification, a formal process of selecting, researching and characterizing needs before beginning the process of inventing. Fellows and students from the program have gone on to careers that emphasize technology innovation across industry and academia. Biodesign trainees have started 26 companies within the program that have raised over $200 million and led to the creation of over 500 new jobs. More importantly, although most of these technologies are still at a very early stage, several projects have received regulatory approval and so far more than 150,000 patients have been treated by technologies invented by our trainees. This paper reviews the initial outcomes of the program and discusses lessons learned and future directions in terms of training priorities.

  20. The successful of finite element to invent particle cleaning system by air jet in hard disk drive

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jai-Ngam, Nualpun; Tangchaichit, Kaitfa

    2018-02-01

    Hard Disk Drive manufacturing has faced very challenging with the increasing demand of high capacity drives for Cloud-based storage. Particle adhesion has also become increasingly important in HDD to gain more reliability of storage capacity. The ability to clean on surfaces is more complicated in removing such particles without damaging the surface. This research is aim to improve the particle cleaning in HSA by using finite element to develop the air flow model then invent the prototype of air cleaning system to remove particle from surface. Surface cleaning by air pressure can be applied as alternative for the removal of solid particulate contaminants that is adhering on a solid surface. These technical and economic challenges have driven the process development from traditional way that chemical solvent cleaning. The focus of this study is to develop alternative way from scrub, ultrasonic, mega sonic on surface cleaning principles to serve as a foundation for the development of new processes to meet current state-of-the-art process requirements and minimize the waste from chemical cleaning for environment safety.

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