34 CFR 682.405 - Loan rehabilitation agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to, a crime involving fraud in obtaining title IV, HEA program assistance, so that the loan may be... economic education materials, including debt management information, to any borrower who has rehabilitated...

34 CFR 682.405 - Loan rehabilitation agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to, a crime involving fraud in obtaining title IV, HEA program assistance, so that the loan may be... loan rehabilitation. (c) A guaranty agency must make available financial and economic education...

34 CFR 682.405 - Loan rehabilitation agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to, a crime involving fraud in obtaining title IV, HEA program assistance, so that the loan may be... economic education materials, including debt management information, to any borrower who has rehabilitated...

34 CFR 668.86 - Limitation or termination proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... aspect of the institution's participation in any Title IV, HEA program, if the institution or servicer...) Substantially misrepresents the nature of— (A) In the case of an institution, its educational program, its... applicable, the educational program, financial charges, or employability of the graduates of any institution...

National Student Aid Profile: Overview of 2012 Federal Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NJ1), 2012

2012-01-01

From 2000-2001 to 2010-2011, the total amount of federal financial aid awarded to students under Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) jumped from $64.0 billion to an estimated $169.1 billion, a 10-year increase of 164%. For 2010-2011, the Title IV programs accounted for 72% of the $235 billion in total financial aid received by college…

75 FR 59242 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... programs authorized by title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), and to include information needed under Federal grant programs created by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005... (National SMART) Grant Program, the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH...

34 CFR 668.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (Title IV, HEA program). To the extent... higher education as defined in 34 CFR 600.4; (2) A proprietary institution of higher education as defined... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Scope. 668.1 Section 668.1 Education Regulations of the...

34 CFR 668.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (Title IV, HEA program). To the extent... higher education as defined in 34 CFR 600.4; (2) A proprietary institution of higher education as defined... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Scope. 668.1 Section 668.1 Education Regulations of the...

34 CFR 668.156 - Approved State process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... student's eligibility for Title IV, HEA program funds must apply to the Secretary for approval of that... than a single standardized test; (3) Tutoring in basic verbal and quantitative skills, if appropriate... program completion. (d) A State process must— (1) Monitor on an annual basis each participating...

34 CFR 668.19 - Financial aid history.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Financial aid history. 668.19 Section 668.19 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... Programs § 668.19 Financial aid history. (a) Before an institution may disburse title IV, HEA program funds...

34 CFR 668.19 - Financial aid history.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Financial aid history. 668.19 Section 668.19 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... Programs § 668.19 Financial aid history. (a) Before an institution may disburse title IV, HEA program funds...

34 CFR 668.19 - Financial aid history.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Financial aid history. 668.19 Section 668.19 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... Programs § 668.19 Financial aid history. (a) Before an institution may disburse title IV, HEA program funds...

34 CFR 668.19 - Financial aid history.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Financial aid history. 668.19 Section 668.19 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... Programs § 668.19 Financial aid history. (a) Before an institution may disburse title IV, HEA program funds...

34 CFR 601.10 - Preferred lender arrangement disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Loan (FFEL) Program from any eligible lender the student selects; and (2) On such covered institution's... interest rates, or other terms and conditions or provisions of Title IV, HEA program loans or private... loyalty to compile the preferred lender list under paragraph (d) of this section without prejudice and for...

34 CFR 668.19 - Financial aid history.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Financial aid history. 668.19 Section 668.19 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... Programs § 668.19 Financial aid history. (a) Before an institution may disburse title IV, HEA program funds...

34 CFR 668.20 - Limitations on remedial coursework that is eligible for Title IV, HEA program assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... course by— (1) Calculating the number of classroom and homework hours required for that course; (2... most comparable classroom and homework requirements. (c) In determining a student's enrollment status...

34 CFR 668.20 - Limitations on remedial coursework that is eligible for Title IV, HEA program assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... course by— (1) Calculating the number of classroom and homework hours required for that course; (2... most comparable classroom and homework requirements. (c) In determining a student's enrollment status...

34 CFR 668.20 - Limitations on remedial coursework that is eligible for Title IV, HEA program assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... course by— (1) Calculating the number of classroom and homework hours required for that course; (2... most comparable classroom and homework requirements. (c) In determining a student's enrollment status...

34 CFR 668.20 - Limitations on remedial coursework that is eligible for Title IV, HEA program assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... course by— (1) Calculating the number of classroom and homework hours required for that course; (2... most comparable classroom and homework requirements. (c) In determining a student's enrollment status...

75 FR 36065 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... continue to receive Title IV Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA) program funds. Requests for... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests AGENCY: Department of Education. SUMMARY: The Acting Director, Information Collection Clearance Division, Regulatory Information...

34 CFR 668.26 - End of an institution's participation in the Title IV, HEA programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institution may use funds that it has received under the Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or... section— (1) A commitment under the Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, and TEACH Grant...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

34 CFR 600.57 - Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is eligible to apply to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... nursing school is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.57 Section 600.57... (FFEL) Programs § 600.57 Additional criteria for determining whether a foreign nursing school is... nursing school that was participating in any title IV, HEA program on August 13, 2008, and effective July...

75 FR 69424 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-12

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Department of Education... Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention: Education Desk Officer, Office of Management and... entities to securely exchange Title IV, Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) assistance programs data...

34 CFR 668.20 - Limitations on remedial coursework that is eligible for Title IV, HEA program assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... course in English as a second language, the educational level of instruction provided in that course is... complete a degree or certificate program; (2) The educational level of instruction provided in the noncredit or reduced credit remedial course is below the level needed to pursue successfully the degree or...

Learner-Centered SEM and Competency-Based Education: Exploring the Learning Frontier of Graduate Enrollment Futures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snowden, Monique L.

2014-01-01

In March 2013, the US Department of Education issued guidance to institutions on how to attain approval for competency-based programs under the current title IV, Higher Education Act (HEA) regulations on direct assessment programs. This article considers the graduate enrollment futures of colleges and universities that have chosen and will elect…

75 FR 59241 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Department of Education... to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention: Education Desk Officer, Office of... Title IV, Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA) Programs. OMB Control Number: 1845--NEW. Agency...

34 CFR 600.54 - Criteria for determining whether a foreign institution is eligible to apply to participate in the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the United States; or (3)(i) That is equivalent to at least a one-academic-year training program in... would be an undergraduate level in the United States; and (2) The title IV, HEA program eligibility does... is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.54 Section 600.54 Education...

34 CFR 600.54 - Criteria for determining whether a foreign institution is eligible to apply to participate in the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the United States; or (3)(i) That is equivalent to at least a one-academic-year training program in... would be an undergraduate level in the United States; and (2) The title IV, HEA program eligibility does... is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.54 Section 600.54 Education...

34 CFR 600.54 - Criteria for determining whether a foreign institution is eligible to apply to participate in the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the United States; or (3)(i) That is equivalent to at least a one-academic-year training program in... would be an undergraduate level in the United States; and (2) The title IV, HEA program eligibility does... is eligible to apply to participate in the Direct Loan Program. 600.54 Section 600.54 Education...

76 FR 23317 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI) Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-26

... reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (HEA). SUMMARY: This notice invites the public to submit written... Section 114(d)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The... institutions of higher education under Title IV, HEA; --The relationship between: (1) accreditation of...

34 CFR 668.154 - Institutional accountability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Institutional accountability. 668.154 Section 668.154 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY... accountability. An institution shall be liable for the Title IV, HEA program funds disbursed to a student whose...

76 FR 19757 - The Federal Student Aid Programs Under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... application for participation in the Quality Assurance Program. SUMMARY: The Secretary of Education invites... 487A(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), to submit a letter of application to... application to Barbara Mroz, Federal Student Aid, U.S. Department of Education, and submitting this letter of...

76 FR 12946 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI) Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... Act (FACA) and Section 114(d)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA... Section 114 of the Higher Education Act (HEA), as amended, 20 U.S.C. 1011c. The NACIQI advises the... certification process for institutions of higher education under Title IV, HEA. The relationship between: (1...

78 FR 45516 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; Foreign Schools Eligibility Criteria...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

...; Comment Request; Foreign Schools Eligibility Criteria Apply To Participate in Title IV HEA Programs AGENCY... notice will be considered public records. Title of Collection: Foreign Schools Eligibility Criteria Apply...) contain some of the criteria foreign schools must meet for determinations of eligibility for participation...

Department's Negotiated Rulemaking Process for Gainful Employment. Final Audit Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2012

2012-01-01

The Department of Education (Department) is required to use negotiated rulemaking to develop proposed regulations for programs authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). Under negotiated rulemaking, the Department works to develop the proposed regulations in collaboration with representatives of the parties…

34 CFR 682.607 - Payment of a refund or a return of title IV, HEA program funds to a lender upon a student's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... school knows the new holder's identity; and (2) Must provide simultaneous written notice to the borrower... for an academic period that is allocable to a FFEL loan received by the borrower for that academic...

34 CFR 668.175 - Alternative standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... payable to the Secretary, for an amount equal to at least one-half of the amount of title IV, HEA program funds that the Secretary determines the institution will receive during its initial year of... each of its subsequent two fiscal years, the Secretary determines that the institution's composite...

34 CFR 668.175 - Alternative standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... payable to the Secretary, for an amount equal to at least one-half of the amount of title IV, HEA program funds that the Secretary determines the institution will receive during its initial year of... each of its subsequent two fiscal years, the Secretary determines that the institution's composite...

77 FR 48970 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests; Federal Student Aid; 2013-2014 Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

... ``* * * shall produce, distribute, and process free of charge common financial reporting forms as described in... developed an application process to collect and process the data necessary to determine a student's eligibility to receive Title IV, HEA program assistance. The application process involves an applicant's...

34 CFR 668.166 - Excess cash.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Cash Management § 668.166 Excess cash. (a) General. (1) The Secretary considers excess cash to be any amount of title IV, HEA program funds, other... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Excess cash. 668.166 Section 668.166 Education...

34 CFR 85.612 - When does an exclusion by another agency affect the ability of the excluded person to participate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transactions for the duration of the debarment. (b)(1) If a title IV, HEA participant is suspended by another... not eligible to enter into title IV, HEA transactions for the duration of the suspension. (2)(i) The... extension; or (ii) Before the 60th day we begin a limitation or termination proceeding against the excluded...

34 CFR 675.45 - Allowable costs, Federal share, and institutional share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-help payments or credits provided under the work-learning-service program within the limits of part F of title IV of the HEA. (2) Promote the work-learning-service experience as a tool of postsecondary education, financial self-help, and community service-learning opportunities. (3) Carry out activities in...

34 CFR 675.45 - Allowable costs, Federal share, and institutional share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-help payments or credits provided under the work-learning-service program within the limits of part F of title IV of the HEA. (2) Promote the work-learning-service experience as a tool of postsecondary education, financial self-help, and community service-learning opportunities. (3) Carry out activities in...

34 CFR 675.45 - Allowable costs, Federal share, and institutional share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-help payments or credits provided under the work-learning-service program within the limits of part F of title IV of the HEA. (2) Promote the work-learning-service experience as a tool of postsecondary education, financial self-help, and community service-learning opportunities. (3) Carry out activities in...

34 CFR 675.45 - Allowable costs, Federal share, and institutional share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-help payments or credits provided under the work-learning-service program within the limits of part F of title IV of the HEA. (2) Promote the work-learning-service experience as a tool of postsecondary education, financial self-help, and community service-learning opportunities. (3) Carry out activities in...

77 FR 56824 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... functions and duties of the Chief Operating Officer. Dated: September 11, 2012. James F. Manning, Chief of... recipients of, financial assistance under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), as.... 4. Categories of Records and Individuals Covered The records to be used in the match and the roles...

77 FR 15361 - Gainful Employment Reporting Deadline Date for the 2011-2012 Award Year

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

... student assistance programs authorized under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA... Federal Direct Loan, Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education Grant, and Iraq and... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Gainful Employment Reporting Deadline Date for the 2011-2012 Award Year...

76 FR 77982 - Applications for Eligibility Designation; Programs Under Parts A and F of Title III of the Higher...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended (HEA), and Programs Under Title V of the HEA...: Programs authorized under Part A, Title III of the HEA: Strengthening Institutions Program (Part A SIP... AANAPISI). Programs authorized under Part F, Title III of the HEA: Hispanic- Serving Institutions Stem and...

77 FR 67805 - Applications for Eligibility Designation; Programs Under Parts A and F of Title III of the Higher...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-14

... Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended (HEA), and Programs Under Title V of the HEA...: Programs authorized under Part A, Title III of the HEA: Strengthening Institutions Program (Part A SIP...). Programs authorized under Part F, Title III of the HEA: Hispanic- Serving Institutions STEM and...

34 CFR 668.9 - Relationship between clock hours and semester, trimester, or quarter hours in calculating Title...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Relationship between clock hours and semester, trimester, or quarter hours in calculating Title IV, HEA program assistance. 668.9 Section 668.9 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION...

78 FR 40731 - Deadline Dates for Reports and Other Records Associated With the Free Application for Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

... Direct Loan Program, the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant... under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), for the 2013-2014 award year. The.... Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education...

34 CFR 668.25 - Contracts between an institution and a third-party servicer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... there is reasonable cause to believe that the institution might have engaged in fraud or other criminal... for Title IV, HEA program assistance might have engaged in fraud or other criminal misconduct in connection with his or her application. Examples of the type of information that must be referred are— (i...

34 CFR 668.25 - Contracts between an institution and a third-party servicer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... there is reasonable cause to believe that the institution might have engaged in fraud or other criminal... for Title IV, HEA program assistance might have engaged in fraud or other criminal misconduct in connection with his or her application. Examples of the type of information that must be referred are— (i...

34 CFR 668.184 - Determining cohort default rates for institutions that have undergone a change in status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applicable to the other institution under §§ 668.185 and 668.189. (b) Acquisition or merger of institutions... participated independently in the Title IV, HEA programs immediately before the acquisition or merger— (1) For the cohort default rates published before the date of the acquisition or merger, your cohort default...

34 CFR 668.203 - Determining cohort default rates for institutions that have undergone a change in status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applicable to the other institution under §§ 668.204 and 668.208. (b) Acquisition or merger of institutions... participated independently in the Title IV, HEA programs immediately before the acquisition or merger— (1) For the cohort default rates published before the date of the acquisition or merger, your cohort default...

34 CFR Appendix C to Subpart B of... - 90/10 Revenue Calculation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false 90/10 Revenue Calculation C Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 668 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... Participation in Title IV, HEA Programs Pt. 668, Subpt. B, App. C Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 668—90/10...

Measure Twice: The Impact on Graduation Rates of Serving Pell Grant Recipients. A Policy Bulletin for HEA Reauthorization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, 2013

2013-01-01

There is growing interest in leveraging Title IV student aid to improve college completion. Advocates have proposed linking funding in the Pell and Campus-Based Programs to measures of college performance. However, to do so in an equitable and efficient manner, raw measures of college output, such as rates of graduation and academic progress, must…

34 CFR 682.607 - Payment of a refund or a return of title IV, HEA program funds to a lender upon a student's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... transferred and the school knows the new holder's identity; and (2) Must provide simultaneous written notice... student's withdrawal for an academic period that is allocable to a FFEL loan received by the borrower for that academic period, the school must follow the procedures established in part 668 for allocating a...

34 CFR 682.607 - Payment of a refund or a return of title IV, HEA program funds to a lender upon a student's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... transferred and the school knows the new holder's identity; and (2) Must provide simultaneous written notice... student's withdrawal for an academic period that is allocable to a FFEL loan received by the borrower for that academic period, the school must follow the procedures established in part 668 for allocating a...

34 CFR 682.607 - Payment of a refund or a return of title IV, HEA program funds to a lender upon a student's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... transferred and the school knows the new holder's identity; and (2) Must provide simultaneous written notice... student's withdrawal for an academic period that is allocable to a FFEL loan received by the borrower for that academic period, the school must follow the procedures established in part 668 for allocating a...

34 CFR 682.607 - Payment of a refund or a return of title IV, HEA program funds to a lender upon a student's...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... loan has been transferred and the school knows the new holder's identity; and (2) Must provide... funds upon a student's withdrawal for an academic period that is allocable to a FFEL loan received by the borrower for that academic period, the school must follow the procedures established in part 668...

77 FR 66087 - Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program, and William D. Ford Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

...The Secretary amends the Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program regulations. These final regulations implement a new Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan in the Direct Loan program based on the President's ``Pay As You Earn'' repayment initiative, incorporate recent statutory changes to the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan in the Direct Loan and FFEL programs, and streamline and add clarity to the total and permanent disability (TPD) discharge process for borrowers in loan programs under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). These final regulations implementing a new ICR plan and the statutory changes to the IBR plan will assist borrowers in repaying their loans while the changes to the TPD discharge process will reduce burden for borrowers who are disabled and seeking a discharge of their title IV debt.

34 CFR 36.2 - Penalty adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institution of higher education (IHE) to provide information on the cost of higher education to the... and guaranty agencies of Title IV-B of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), which... penalty of up to $25,000. for an institution of higher education's violation of Title IV of the Higher...

34 CFR 36.2 - Penalty adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... institution of higher education (IHE) to provide information on the cost of higher education to the... and guaranty agencies of Title IV-B of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), which... penalty of up to $25,000. for an institution of higher education's violation of Title IV of the Higher...

77 FR 60413 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests; Federal Student Aid; Student Assistance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

...; Student Assistance General Provisions Non-Title IV Revenue Requirements (90/10) SUMMARY: The Department of... resources other than Title IV Higher Education Act (HEA) funds, and implements the Net Present Value (NPV... the complete title of the information collection and OMB Control Number when making your request...

34 CFR 668.138 - Liability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... relied on— (1) An output document for that student indicating that the INS has confirmed that the student's immigration status meets the eligibility requirements for title IV, HEA assistance; (2) An INS...

Field theory in superfluid 3He: what are the lessons for particle physics, gravity, and high-temperature superconductivity?

PubMed

Volovik, G E

1999-05-25

There are several classes of homogeneous Fermi systems that are characterized by the topology of the energy spectrum of fermionic quasiparticles: (i) gapless systems with a Fermi surface, (ii) systems with a gap in their spectrum, (iii) gapless systems with topologically stable point nodes (Fermi points), and (iv) gapless systems with topologically unstable lines of nodes (Fermi lines). Superfluid 3He-A and electroweak vacuum belong to the universality class 3. The fermionic quasiparticles (particles) in this class are chiral: they are left-handed or right-handed. The collective bosonic modes of systems of class 3 are the effective gauge and gravitational fields. The great advantage of superfluid 3He-A is that we can perform experiments by using this condensed matter and thereby simulate many phenomena in high energy physics, including axial anomaly, baryoproduction, and magnetogenesis. 3He-A textures induce a nontrivial effective metrics of the space, where the free quasiparticles move along geodesics. With 3He-A one can simulate event horizons, Hawking radiation, rotating vacuum, etc. High-temperature superconductors are believed to belong to class 4. They have gapless fermionic quasiparticles with a "relativistic" spectrum close to gap nodes, which allows application of ideas developed for superfluid 3He-A.

Partnerships for Reform: Changing Teacher Preparation through the Title II HEA Partnership Program: Interim Report. PPSS 2003-8

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2004

2004-01-01

The Title II Higher Education Amendment (HEA) Partnership Grants Program provides grants to fund partnerships among colleges of education, schools of arts and sciences and local school districts in high-need areas. The goal of the program is to improve student achievement by increasing the quality of teachers. This evaluation examined the extent…

School Choice Issues in Indiana: Sifting through the Rhetoric. Education Policy Brief. Volume 9, Number 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Billick, Rebecca L.; Hiller, Stephen C.; Spradlin, Terry E.

2011-01-01

This year Indiana joined over a dozen other states in adopting Friedman's principles by passing what many believe to be the most comprehensive school choice program in the country. With the enactment of three key bills (HEA 1001, HEA 1003, and HEA 1004), Indiana parents may now take advantage of a school expenditure tax deduction, school…

34 CFR 694.10 - What are the requirements for awards under the program's scholarship component under section 404E...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...'s scholarship component under section 404E of the HEA? 694.10 Section 694.10 Education Regulations... What are the requirements for awards under the program's scholarship component under section 404E of the HEA? (a) Amount of scholarship. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the...

34 CFR 668.134 - Institutional policies and procedures for requesting documentation and receiving secondary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Institutional policies and procedures for requesting... STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Immigration-Status Confirmation § 668.134 Institutional policies and... immigration status of applicants for title IV, HEA student financial assistance who claim to meet the...

78 FR 57371 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; Student Aid Internet Gateway (SAIG...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

...; Comment Request; Student Aid Internet Gateway (SAIG) Enrollment Document AGENCY: Federal Student Aid (FSA... Internet Gateway (SAIG) Enrollment Document. OMB Control Number: 1845-0002. Type of Review: A revision of... Internet Gateway (SAIG) allows eligible entities to securely exchange Title IV, Higher Education Act (HEA...

Physiological and molecular responses of the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) to high environmental ammonia: scavenging for nitrogen.

PubMed

Nawata, C Michele; Walsh, Patrick J; Wood, Chris M

2015-01-15

In teleosts, a branchial metabolon links ammonia excretion to Na(+) uptake via Rh glycoproteins and other transporters. Ureotelic elasmobranchs are thought to have low branchial ammonia permeability, and little is known about Rh function in this ancient group. We cloned Rh cDNAs (Rhag, Rhbg and Rhp2) and evaluated gill ammonia handling in Squalus acanthias. Control ammonia excretion was <5% of urea-N excretion. Sharks exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA; 1 mmol(-1) NH4HCO3) for 48 h exhibited active ammonia uptake against partial pressure and electrochemical gradients for 36 h before net excretion was re-established. Plasma total ammonia rose to seawater levels by 2 h, but dropped significantly below them by 24-48 h. Control ΔP(NH3) (the partial pressure gradient of NH3) across the gills became even more negative (outwardly directed) during HEA. Transepithelial potential increased by 30 mV, negating a parallel rise in the Nernst potential, such that the outwardly directed NH4(+) electrochemical gradient remained unchanged. Urea-N excretion was enhanced by 90% from 12 to 48 h, more than compensating for ammonia-N uptake. Expression of Rhp2 (gills, kidney) and Rhbg (kidney) did not change, but branchial Rhbg and erythrocytic Rhag declined during HEA. mRNA expression of branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) increased at 24 h and that of H(+)-ATPase decreased at 48 h, while expression of the potential metabolon components Na(+)/H(+) exchanger2 (NHE2) and carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV) remained unchanged. We propose that the gill of this nitrogen-limited predator is poised not only to minimize nitrogen loss by low efflux permeability to urea and ammonia but also to scavenge ammonia-N from the environment during HEA to enhance urea-N synthesis. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

34 CFR 676.9 - Student eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... need as determined in accordance with part F of title IV of the HEA. A member of a religious order (an... of higher education is considered to have no financial need if that religious order— (1) Has as its primary objective the promotion of ideals and beliefs regarding a Supreme Being; (2) Requires its members...

78 FR 64929 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

... process for institutions of higher education under Title IV, of the HEA, together with recommendations for... Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations is available via the Federal Digital System at: www... of the Department published in the Federal Register by using the article search feature at: www...

78 FR 19695 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... of higher education under Title IV, of the HEA, together with recommendations for improvement in such... available via the Federal Digital System at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys . At this site you can view this document, as... the article search feature at: www.federalregister.gov . Specifically, through the advanced search...

77 FR 64493 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-22

... process for institutions of higher education under Title IV, of the HEA, together with recommendations for... available via the Federal Digital System at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys . At this site you can view this document, as... the article search feature at: www.federalregister.gov . Specifically, through the advanced search...

34 CFR 668.82 - Standard of conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... contracts with that institution acts in the nature of a fiduciary in the administration of the Title IV, HEA... has been convicted of, or has pled nolo contendere or guilty to, a crime involving the acquisition..., has been convicted of, or has pled nolo contendere or guilty to, a crime involving the acquisition...

76 FR 46282 - Gainful Employment Reporting Date for the 2010-2011 Award Year and Continued Collection of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

... Federal Direct Loan, Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education Grant, and Iraq and... IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), for the 2010-2011 award year. The Secretary... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Gainful Employment Reporting Date for the 2010-2011 Award Year and...

78 FR 68832 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-15

... process for institutions of higher education under Title IV, of the HEA, together with recommendations for... System at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys . At this site you can view this document, as well as all other documents of... documents of the Department published in the Federal Register by using the article search feature at: www...

High environmental ammonia exposure has developmental-stage specific and long-term consequences on the cortisol stress response in zebrafish.

PubMed

Williams, Tegan A; Bonham, Luke A; Bernier, Nicholas J

2017-12-01

The capacity for early life environmental stressors to induce programming effects on the endocrine stress response in fish is largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure on the stress response in larval zebrafish, assessed the tolerance of embryonic and larval stages to HEA, and evaluated whether early life HEA exposure has long-term consequences on the cortisol response to a novel stressor. Exposure to 500-2000μM NH 4 Cl for 16h did not affect the gene expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system components in 1day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos, but differentially increased crfa, crfb and CRF binding protein (crfbp) expression and stimulated both dose- and time-dependent increases in the whole body cortisol of 5dpf larvae. Pre-acclimation to HEA at 1dpf did not affect the cortisol response to a subsequent NH 4 Cl exposure at 5dpf. In contrast, pre-acclimation to HEA at 5dpf caused a small but significant reduction in the cortisol response to a second NH 4 Cl exposure at 10dpf. While continuous exposure to 500-2000μM NH 4 Cl between 0 and 5dpf had a modest effect on mean survival time, exposure to 400-1000μM NH 4 Cl between 10 and 14dpf decreased mean survival time in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pre-acclimation to HEA at 5dpf significantly decreased the risk of mortality to continuous NH 4 Cl exposure between 10 and 14dpf. Finally, while HEA at 1dpf did not affect the cortisol stress response to a novel vortex stressor at 5dpf, the same HEA treatment at 5dpf abolished vortex stressor-induced increases in whole body cortisol at 10 and 60dpf. Together these results show that the impact of HEA on the cortisol stress response during development is life-stage specific and closely linked to ammonia tolerance. Further, we demonstrate that HEA exposure at the larval stage can have persistent effects on the capacity to respond to stressors in later life. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

34 CFR 673.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OF EDUCATION GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM, FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAM, AND... amended (HEA) that participating institutions administer: (a) The Federal Perkins Loan Program, which...

34 CFR 673.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OF EDUCATION GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM, FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAM, AND... amended (HEA) that participating institutions administer: (a) The Federal Perkins Loan Program, which...

Additive Manufacturing of Hierarchical Multi-Phase High-Entropy Alloys for Nuclear Component

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Nan

In recent years, high entropy alloys (HEAs), composed of four or more metallic elements mixed in equal or near equal atomic percent, have attracted significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. They show significant promise as candidates for high temperature fission and fusion structural applications. However, the conventional synthesis methods are unlikely to present an industrially suitable route for the production and use of HEAs. Recognizing rapidly evolving additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, the goal of this proposal is to optimize the AM process to fabricate HEAs with predesigned chemical compositions and phase morphologies for nuclearmore » components. For this project, two HEAs FeCrNiMn and FeCrNiMnAl have been successfully synthesized. Correlated mechanical response has been systematically characterized under a variety of laser processing and ion irradiations. Both high entropy alloys are found to present comparable swelling and extraordinary irradiation tolerance (limited voids and stabilized phase structure under high irradiation dose). In addition, the microstructure and radiation-induced hardening can be tailored by laser processing under additive manufacturing. And we have assembled at LANL a unique database of HEAs containing a total of 674 compositions with Phase Stability information. Based on this, the machine learning and Artificial Intelligence capability now are established to predict the microstructure of casted HEAs by given chemical compositions. This unique integration will lead to an optimal AM recipe for fabricating radiation tolerant HEAs. The development of both modeling models and experimental capability will also benefit other programs at LANL.« less

75 FR 62114 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI) Teleconference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... at 4 p.m. and ending as late as 5:30 p.m., Eastern Standard Time. The proposed agenda for this...: The NACIQI is established under Section 114 of the Higher Education Act (HEA), as amended, 20 U.S.C... criteria for recognition of accrediting agencies or associations under Subpart 2, Part H, Title IV, of the...

HEaDS-UP Phase IV Assessment: Headgear Effects on Auditory Perception

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-01

8 Fig. 6 Average attenuation measured for the CIPHER and INTERCPT helmets as a function of noise level, mandible/ eyewear ...impulsive noise consistent with the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA 1981), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and... eyewear , or HPDs) (Fig. 5) show that the CIPHER and INTERCPT compared favorably with the currently fielded advanced combat helmet (ACH). Figure 6

34 CFR 675.44 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... eligible institutions, to provide work-learning-service opportunities for currently enrolled students. (c... 442 and 462 of the HEA may be transferred for the purpose of carrying out the Work-Colleges program to...

34 CFR 675.44 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... eligible institutions, to provide work-learning-service opportunities for currently enrolled students. (c... 442 and 462 of the HEA may be transferred for the purpose of carrying out the Work-Colleges program to...

34 CFR 675.44 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... eligible institutions, to provide work-learning-service opportunities for currently enrolled students. (c... 442 and 462 of the HEA may be transferred for the purpose of carrying out the Work-Colleges program to...

34 CFR 675.44 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... eligible institutions, to provide work-learning-service opportunities for currently enrolled students. (c... 442 and 462 of the HEA may be transferred for the purpose of carrying out the Work-Colleges program to...

Title I, Higher Education Act Program Abstracts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Lorna M., Ed.

The 1979 edition of the Title I, Higher Education Act Program Abstracts is presented. Directed toward state Title I, HEA administrators, the program abstracts are made available in order to encourage nationwide program replication of those tested and evaluated programs that have been conducted with Title I support by institutions of higher…

Available Transfer Capability Determination Using Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jirapong, Peeraool; Ongsakul, Weerakorn

2008-10-01

This paper proposes a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) based on evolutionary programming (EP), tabu search (TS), and simulated annealing (SA) to determine the available transfer capability (ATC) of power transactions between different control areas in deregulated power systems. The optimal power flow (OPF)-based ATC determination is used to evaluate the feasible maximum ATC value within real and reactive power generation limits, line thermal limits, voltage limits, and voltage and angle stability limits. The HEA approach simultaneously searches for real power generations except slack bus in a source area, real power loads in a sink area, and generation bus voltages to solve the OPF-based ATC problem. Test results on the modified IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) indicate that ATC determination by the HEA could enhance ATC far more than those from EP, TS, hybrid TS/SA, and improved EP (IEP) algorithms, leading to an efficient utilization of the existing transmission system.

Simulation of Impact Phenomena on the Composite Structures Containing Ceramic Plates and High Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geantă, V.; Cherecheș, T.; Lixandru, P.; Voiculescu, I.; Ștefănoiu, R.; Dragnea, D.; Zecheru, T.; Matache, L.

2017-06-01

Due to excellent mechanical properties, high entropy alloys from the system AlxCrFeCoNi can be used successfully to create composite structures containing both metallic and ceramic plates, which resists at dynamic load during high speeds impact (like projectiles, explosion). The paper presents four different composite structures made from a combination of metallic materials and ceramics plates: duralumin-ceramics, duralumin-ceramics-HEA, HEA-ceramics-HEA, HEA-ceramics-duralumin. Numerical simulation of impact behavior of the composite structures was performed by virtual methods, taking into account the mechanical properties of both materials. The best results were obtained using composite structures HEA-ceramics-HEA, HEA-ceramics-duralumin.

75 FR 76449 - Office of Postsecondary Education; Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [CFDA NO. 84.031H] Office of Postsecondary Education; Programs ACTION... authorized under Title III, Part A, of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). Under these programs, institutions of higher education (IHEs or institutions) are eligible to apply for grants if they...

34 CFR 675.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) Program Full-time student HEA National Science and Mathematics Access to... organizations, as designed to improve the quality of life for community residents, particularly low-income...

34 CFR 675.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) Program Full-time student HEA National Science and Mathematics Access to... organizations, as designed to improve the quality of life for community residents, particularly low-income...

34 CFR 675.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) Program Full-time student HEA National Science and Mathematics Access to... organizations, as designed to improve the quality of life for community residents, particularly low-income...

Equilibrium high entropy alloy phase stability from experiments and thermodynamic modeling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saal, James E.; Berglund, Ida S.; Sebastian, Jason T.

Long-term stability of high entropy alloys (HEAs) is a critical consideration for the design and practical application of HEAs. It has long been assumed that many HEAs are a kinetically-stabilized metastable structure, and recent experiments have confirmed this hypothesis by observing HEA ecomposition after long-termequilibration. In the presentwork,we demonstrate the use of the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach to predict HEA stability and processing parameters, comparing experimental long-term annealing observations to CALPHAD phase diagrams from a commercially-available HEA database. As a result, we find good agreement between single- and multi-phase predictions and experiments.

Equilibrium high entropy alloy phase stability from experiments and thermodynamic modeling

DOE PAGES

Saal, James E.; Berglund, Ida S.; Sebastian, Jason T.; ...

2017-10-29

Long-term stability of high entropy alloys (HEAs) is a critical consideration for the design and practical application of HEAs. It has long been assumed that many HEAs are a kinetically-stabilized metastable structure, and recent experiments have confirmed this hypothesis by observing HEA ecomposition after long-termequilibration. In the presentwork,we demonstrate the use of the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach to predict HEA stability and processing parameters, comparing experimental long-term annealing observations to CALPHAD phase diagrams from a commercially-available HEA database. As a result, we find good agreement between single- and multi-phase predictions and experiments.

Psychological variables and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV performance.

PubMed

Gass, Carlton S; Gutierrez, Laura

2017-01-01

The MMPI-2 and WAIS-IV are commonly used together in neuropsychological evaluations yet little is known about their interrelationships. This study explored the potential influence of psychological factors on WAIS-IV performance in a sample of 180 predominantly male veteran referrals that underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination in a VA Medical Center. Exclusionary criteria included failed performance validity testing and self-report distortion on the MMPI-2. A Principal Components Analysis was performed on the 15 MMPI-2 content scales, yielding three broader higher-order psychological dimensions: Internalized Emotional Dysfunction (IED), Externalized Emotional Dysfunction (EED), and Fear. Level of IED was not related to performance on the WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ or its four indexes: (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed). EED was not related to WAIS-IV performance. Level of Fear, which encompasses health preoccupations (HEA) and distorted perceptions (BIZ), was significantly related to WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ and Verbal Comprehension. These results challenge the common use of high scores on the MMPI-2 IED measures (chiefly depression and anxiety) to explain deficient WAIS-IV performance. In addition, they provide impetus for further investigation of the relation between verbal intelligence and Fear.

Proceedings of the HEA Title II-B Institute on Continuing Education Program Planning for Library Staffs in the Southwest, March 17-28, 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foos, Donald D., Comp.

The proceedings of the Institute on Continuing Education Program Planning for Library Staffs in the Southwest contain historical and state-of-the-art information, needs assessments, program planning information, program descriptions and the Continuing Education for Library Staff program. The continuing education needs of medical, school, special,…

Directory of AFRL/HEA Technical Publications Submitted to DTIC from 1969 to 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

Research Division ( AFRL /HEA) 2004 to 30 September 1007 – Air Force Research Laboratory , Warfighter Readiness Research Division ( AFRL /HEA...NUMBER 2003 AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY WARFIGHTER TRAINING RESEARCH DIVISION ( AFRL /HEA) TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS AUTHOR(S) AFRL -HE-AZ-TP-2003...NUMBER WORK UNIT NUMBER 2002 AIR FORCE RESEARCH

Cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy, supervised exercise, and home exercise for older adults with chronic neck pain.

PubMed

Leininger, Brent; McDonough, Christine; Evans, Roni; Tosteson, Tor; Tosteson, Anna N A; Bronfort, Gert

2016-11-01

Chronic neck pain is a prevalent and disabling condition among older adults. Despite the large burden of neck pain, little is known regarding the cost-effectiveness of commonly used treatments. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of home exercise and advice (HEA), spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) plus HEA, and supervised rehabilitative exercise (SRE) plus HEA. Cost-effectiveness analysis conducted alongside a randomized clinical trial (RCT) was performed. A total of 241 older adults (≥65 years) with chronic mechanical neck pain comprised the patient sample. The outcome measures were direct and indirect costs, neck pain, neck disability, SF-6D-derived quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) over a 1-year time horizon. This work was supported by grants from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (#F32AT007507), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (#P60AR062799), and Health Resources and Services Administration (#R18HP01425). The RCT is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT00269308). A societal perspective was adopted for the primary analysis. A healthcare perspective was adopted as a sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectivenesswas a secondary aim of the RCT which was not powered for differences in costs or QALYs. Differences in costs and clinical outcomes were estimated using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models, respectively. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were calculated to assess the uncertainty surrounding cost-effectiveness estimates. Total costs for SMT+HEA were 5% lower than HEA (mean difference: -$111; 95% confidence interval [CI] -$1,354 to $899) and 47% lower than SRE+HEA (mean difference: -$1,932; 95% CI -$2,796 to -$1,097). SMT+HEA also resulted in a greater reduction of neck pain over the year relative to HEA (0.57; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.92) and SRE+HEA (0.41; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.76). Differences in disability and QALYs favored SMT+HEA. The probability that adding SMT to HEA is cost-effective at willingness to pay thresholds of $50,000 to $200,000 per QALY gained ranges from 0.75 to 0.81. If adopting a health-care perspective, costs for SMT+HEA were 66% higher than HEA (mean difference: $515; 95% CI $225 to $1,094), resulting in an ICER of $55,975 per QALY gained. On average, SMT+HEA resulted in better clinical outcomes and lower total societal costs relative to SRE+HEA and HEA alone, with a 0.75 to 0.81 probability of cost-effectiveness for willingness to pay thresholds of $50,000 to $200,000 per QALY. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy, supervised exercise, and home exercise for older adults with chronic neck pain

PubMed Central

Leininger, Brent; McDonough, Christine; Evans, Roni; Tosteson, Tor; Tosteson, Anna N.A.; Bronfort, Gert

2016-01-01

Background Context Chronic neck pain is a prevalent and disabling condition among older adults. Despite the large burden of neck pain, little is known regarding the cost-effectiveness of commonly used treatments. Purpose To estimate the cost-effectiveness of home exercise and advice (HEA), spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) plus HEA, and supervised rehabilitative exercise (SRE) plus HEA. Study Design/Setting Cost-effectiveness analysis conducted alongside a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Patient Sample 241 older adults (≥65 years) with chronic mechanical neck pain. Outcome Measures Direct and indirect costs, neck pain, neck disability, SF-6D-derived quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios over a one-year time horizon. Methods This work was supported by grants from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (#F32AT007507), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (#P60AR062799), and Health Resources and Services Administration (#R18HP01425). The RCT is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT00269308). The primary analysis adopted a societal perspective, a healthcare perspective was adopted as a sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was a secondary aim of the RCT which was not powered for differences in costs or QALYs. Differences in costs and clinical outcomes were estimated using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models, respectively. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were calculated to assess the uncertainty surrounding cost-effectiveness estimates. Results Total costs for SMT+HEA were 5% lower than HEA (mean difference: −$111; 95%CI -$1,354 to $899) and 47% lower than SRE+HEA (mean difference: −$1,932; 95%CI −$2,796 to −$1,097). SMT+HEA also resulted in a greater reduction of neck pain over the year relative to HEA (0.57; 95%CI 0.23 to 0.92) and SRE+HEA (0.41; 95%CI 0.05 to 0.76). Differences in disability and QALYs favored SMT+HEA. The probability that adding SMT to HEA is cost-effective at willingness to pay thresholds of $50,000 to $200,000 per QALY gained ranges from 0.75 to 0.81. If adopting a healthcare perspective, costs for SMT+HEA were 66% higher than HEA (mean difference: $515; 95%CI $225 to $1,094), resulting in an ICER of $55,975 per QALY gained. Conclusions On average, SMT+HEA resulted in better clinical outcomes and lower total societal costs relative to SRE+HEA and HEA alone, with a 0.75 to 0.81 probability of cost-effectiveness for willingness to pay thresholds of $50,000 to $200,000 per QALY. PMID:27345747

34 CFR 675.8 - Program participation agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... supportive services to students with disabilities; and (f) Inform all eligible students of the opportunity to... a participation agreement with the Secretary. The agreement provides that, among other things, the...) Administer the FWS program in accordance with the HEA, the provisions of this part, and the Student...

78 FR 31530 - Applications for New Awards; Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

... absolute priorities are from section 419N(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), 20 U.S... recognized Indian tribes. Note: The regulations in 34 CFR part 86 apply to institutions of higher education... Program: The CCAMPIS Program supports the participation of low-income parents in postsecondary education...

75 FR 13813 - High School Equivalency Program and College Assistance Migrant Program, the Federal TRIO Programs...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

... regulations to implement the new statutory requirement for a second review of unsuccessful applications for... practice with regard to the number of applications an eligible entity may submit under each of the TRIO... handling unsuccessful applications using a two-stage process (see section 402A(c)(8)(C) of the HEA...

Local lattice distortion in high-entropy alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Hongquan; Tian, Fuyang; Hu, Qing-Miao; Vitos, Levente; Wang, Yandong; Shen, Jiang; Chen, Nanxian

2017-07-01

The severe local lattice distortion, induced mainly by the large atomic size mismatch of the alloy components, is one of the four core effects responsible for the unprecedented mechanical behaviors of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). In this work, we propose a supercell model, in which every lattice site has similar local atomic environment, to describe the random distributions of the atomic species in HEAs. Using these supercells in combination with ab initio calculations, we investigate the local lattice distortion of refractory HEAs with body-centered-cubic structure and 3 d HEAs with face-centered-cubic structure. Our results demonstrate that the local lattice distortion of the refractory HEAs is much more significant than that of the 3 d HEAs. We show that the atomic size mismatch evaluated with the empirical atomic radii is not accurate enough to describe the local lattice distortion. Both the lattice distortion energy and the mixing entropy contribute significantly to the thermodynamic stability of HEAs. However the local lattice distortion has negligible effect on the equilibrium lattice parameter and bulk modulus.

77 FR 46070 - Applications for New Awards; State Personnel Development Grants (SPDG) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-02

... that include institutions of higher education), including programs that train teachers and principals...; and the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA); (d) Describes a partnership agreement that is... disabilities, including-- (a) Not less than one institution of higher education; and (b) The State agencies...

78 FR 45617 - Student Assistance General Provisions, Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... estimates were based on behavior as reflected in various Department data sets and longitudinal surveys...) of the HEA. The Department committed, however, to authorize, to the extent possible, early... to designate regulatory provisions for early implementation by program participants under section 482...

Alternative Teacher Preparation Programs. Title II News You Can Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education, 2015

2015-01-01

Title II of the "Higher Education Act of 1965" ("HEA"), as amended in 2008 by the "Higher Education Opportunity Act," requires states to report annually on key elements of their teacher preparation programs and requirements for initial teacher credentialing, kindergarten through 12th grade. "Title II News You Can…

Superconductivity in REO0.5F0.5BiS2 with high-entropy-alloy-type blocking layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sogabe, Ryota; Goto, Yosuke; Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu

2018-05-01

We synthesized new REO0.5F0.5BiS2 (RE: rare earth) superconductors with high-entropy-alloy-type (HEA-type) REO blocking layers. The lattice constant a systematically changed in the HEA-type samples with the RE concentration and the RE ionic radius. A sharp superconducting transition was observed in the resistivity measurements for all the HEA-type samples, and the transition temperature of the HEA-type samples was higher than that of typical REO0.5F0.5BiS2. The sharp superconducting transition and the enhanced superconducting properties of the HEA-type samples may indicate the effectiveness of the HEA states of the REO blocking layers in the REO0.5F0.5BiS2 system.

Restricted sleep and negative affective states in commercial pilots during short haul operations.

PubMed

Drury, D Arthur; Ferguson, Sally A; Thomas, Matthew J W

2012-03-01

This study aims to investigate (1) the relationship between restricted sleep and Heightened Emotional Activity (HEA) during normal flight operations, and (2) whether sleep patterns influence the strength of the HEA as a response to threats. Accident investigation reports continue to highlight the relationship between restricted sleep and poor safety outcomes. However, to date we have a limited understanding of how sleep and HEA interact. A total of 302 sectors of normal airline flight operations were observed by trained observers, and instances of heightened emotional activity were recorded. During the cruise phase of each of these sectors, crew members were asked to calculate the amount of sleep they had obtained in previous 24 and 48 h. In the 302 sectors of normal flight operations, 535 instances of HEA were observed. Descriptive analyses of instances of HEA and sleep in the prior 24 and 48 h showed a significant relationship between the occurrence of HEA and recent sleep. The relationship between restricted sleep and HEA suggests that there may well be further implications with respect to operational safety. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 25893 - Federal Pell Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... Program regulations to make them consistent with recent changes in the law that prohibit a student from... should make any changes in these regulations. We invite your comments. We will consider these comments in... change in the law that repealed section 401(b)(5) of the HEA. We have retained most of current Sec. 690...

Enrollment in Teacher Preparation Programs. Title II News You Can Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education, 2015

2015-01-01

Title II of the "Higher Education Act of 1965" ("HEA"), as amended in 2008 by the "Higher Education Opportunity Act," requires states to report annually on key elements of their teacher preparation programs and requirements for initial teacher credentialing, kindergarten through 12th grade. "Title II News You Can…

African Language Instruction at the University of Wisconsin: A HEA Title VI-Funded Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuntz, Patricia S.

This paper describes the evolution of African language instruction at the University of Wisconsin, examining how faculty and staff have utilized state and federal funding to promote the national capacity in African language proficiency. Six sections describe the program's evolution: "Language Instruction at Wisconsin"; "Origins of…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Zhangwei; Baker, Ian; Guo, Wei

We investigated the effects of cold rolling followed by annealing on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure evolution of undoped and 1.1 at. % carbon-doped Fe 40.4Ni 11.3Mn 34.8Al 7.5Cr 6 high entropy alloys (HEAs). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) were employed to characterize the microstructures. The as-cast HEAs were coarse-grained and single phase f.c.c., whereas the thermo-mechanical treatment caused recrystallization (to fine grain sizes) and precipitation (a B2 phase for the undoped HEA; and a B2 phase, and M 23C 6 and M 7C 3 carbides for the C-dopedmore » HEA). Carbon, which was found to have segregated to the grain boundaries using APT, retarded recrystallization. The reduction in grain size resulted in a sharp increase in strength, while the precipitation, which produced only a small increase in strength, probably accounted for the small decrease in ductility for both undoped and C-doped HEAs. For both undoped and C-doped HEAs, the smaller grain-sized material initially exhibited higher strain hardening than the coarse-grained material but showed a much lower strain hardening at large tensile strains. Wavy slip in the undoped HEAs and planar slip in C-doped HEAs were found at the early stages of deformation irrespective of grain size. At higher strains, dislocation cell structures formed in the 19 μm grain-sized undoped HEA, while microbands formed in the 23 μm grain-sized C-doped HEA. Conversely, localized dislocation clusters were found in both HEAs at the finest grain sizes (5 μm). The inhibition of grain subdivision by the grain boundaries and precipitates lead to the transformation from regular dislocation configurations consisting of dislocation-cells and microbands to irregular dislocation configurations consisting of localized dislocation clusters, which further account for the decrease in ductility. Our investigation of the formation mechanism and strain hardening of dislocation cells and microbands could benefit future structural material design.« less

Application of High Entropy Alloys in Stent Implants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alagarsamy, Karthik

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys with five or more principal elements. Due to these distinct concept of alloying, the HEA exhibits unique and superior properties. The outstanding properties of HEA includes higher strength/hardness, superior wear resistance, high temperature stability, higher fatigue life, good corrosion and oxidation resistance. Such characteristics of HEA has been significant interest leading to researches on these emerging field. Even though many works are done to understand the characteristic of these HEAs, very few works are made on how the HEAs can be applied for commercial uses. This work discusses the application of High entropy alloys in biomedical applications. The coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States kills more than 350,000 persons/year and it costs $108.9 billion for the nation each year in spite of significant advancements in medical care and public awareness. A cardiovascular disease affects heart or blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) or both by blocking the blood flow. As a surgical interventions, stent implants are deployed to cure or ameliorate the disease. However, the high failure rate of stents has lead researchers to give special attention towards analyzing stent structure, materials and characteristics. Many works related to alternate material and/or design are carried out in recent time. This paper discusses the feasibility of CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs in stent implant application. This work is based on the speculation that CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs are biocompatible material. These HEAs are characterized to determine the microstructure and mechanical properties. Computational modeling and analysis were carried out on stent implant by applying CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs as material to understand the structural behavior.

Flexible ammonia handling strategies using both cutaneous and branchial epithelia in the highly ammonia-tolerant Pacific hagfish.

PubMed

Clifford, Alexander M; Weinrauch, Alyssa M; Edwards, Susan L; Wilkie, Michael P; Goss, Greg G

2017-08-01

Hagfish consume carrion, potentially exposing them to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and high environmental ammonia (HEA). We investigated branchial and cutaneous ammonia handling strategies by which Pacific hagfish ( Eptatretus stoutii ) tolerate and recover from high ammonia loading. Hagfish were exposed to HEA (20 mmol/l) for 48 h to elevate plasma total ammonia (T Amm ) levels before placement into divided chambers for a 4-h recovery period in ammonia-free seawater where ammonia excretion ( J Amm ) was measured independently in the anterior and posterior compartments. Localized HEA exposures were also conducted by subjecting hagfish to HEA in either the anterior or posterior compartments. During recovery, HEA-exposed animals increased J Amm in both compartments, with the posterior compartment comprising ~20% of the total J Amm compared with ~11% in non-HEA-exposed fish. Plasma T Amm increased substantially when whole hagfish and the posterior regions were exposed to HEA. Alternatively, plasma T Amm did not elevate after anterior localized HEA exposure. J Amm was concentration dependent (0.05-5 mmol/l) across excised skin patches at up to eightfold greater rates than in skin sections that were excised from HEA-exposed hagfish. Skin excised from more posterior regions displayed greater J Amm than those from more anterior regions. Immunohistochemistry with hagfish-specific anti-rhesus glycoprotein type c (α-hRhcg; ammonia transporter) antibody was characterized by staining on the basal aspect of hagfish epidermis while Western blotting demonstrated greater expression of Rhcg in more posterior skin sections. We conclude that cutaneous Rhcg proteins are involved in cutaneous ammonia excretion by Pacific hagfish and that this mechanism could be particularly important during feeding. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Investigation into nanoscratching mechanical response of AlCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys using atomic simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zining; Li, Jia; Fang, QiHong; Liu, Bin; Zhang, Liangchi

2017-09-01

The mechanical behaviors and deformation mechanisms of scratched AlCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in terms of the scratching forces, atomic strain, atomic displacement, microstructural evolution and dislocation density. The results show that the larger tangential and normal forces and higher friction coefficient take place in AlCrCuFeNi HEA due to its outstanding strength and hardness, and high adhesion and fracture toughness over the pure metal materials. Moreover, the stacking fault energy (SFE) in HEA increases the probability to initiate dislocation and twinning, which is conducive to the formation of complex deformation modes. Compared to the single element metal workpieces, the segregation potency of solutes into twinning boundary (TB) is raised due to the decreasing segregation energy of TB, resulting in the stronger solute effects on improving twinning properties for HEA workpiece. The higher dislocation density and the more activated slipping planes lead to the outstanding plasticity of AlCrCuFeNi HEA. The solute atoms as barriers to hinder the motion of dislocation and the severe lattice distortion to suppress the free slipping of dislocation are significantly stronger obstacles to strengthen HEA. The excellent comprehensive scratching properties of the bulk AlCrCuFeNi HEAs are associated with the combined effects of multiple strengthening mechanisms, such as dislocation strengthening, deformation twinning strengthening as well as solute strengthening. This work provides a basis for further understanding and tailoring SFE in mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of HEAs, which maybe facilitate the design and preparation of new HEAs with high performance.

77 FR 59311 - Federal Student Aid Programs (Student Assistance General Provisions, Federal Perkins Loan Program...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

... statutory and regulatory provisions designed to assist ``affected individuals.'' Under 20 U.S.C. 1098ee(2... the time-limited military service deferment under section 455(f)(4) of the HEA to which they applied... military operation or national emergency means service as a member of the National Guard on full-time...

SCAT3 changes from baseline and associations with X2 Patch measured head acceleration in amateur Australian football players.

PubMed

Willmott, Catherine; McIntosh, Andrew S; Howard, Teresa; Mitra, Biswadev; Dimech-Betancourt, Bleydy; Donovan, Jarrod; Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V

2018-05-01

To investigate changes from baseline on SCAT3 as a result of football game exposure, and association with X2 Patch measured head acceleration events in amateur Australian footballers. Prospective cohort. Peak linear acceleration (PLA) of the head (>10 g) was measured by wearable head acceleration sensor X2 Biosystems X-Patch in male (n=34) and female (n=19) Australian footballers. SCAT3 was administered at baseline (B) and post-game (PG). 1394 head acceleration events (HEA) >10 g were measured. Mean and median HEA PLA were recorded as 15.2 g (SD=9.2, range=10.0-115.8) and 12.4 g (IQR=11.0-15.6) respectively. No significant difference in median HEA PLA (g) was detected across gender (p=0.55), however, more HEAs were recorded in males (p=0.03). A greater number (p=0.004) and severity (p<0.001) of symptoms were reported PG than at B. No significant association between number of HEA or median PLA, and SCAT3 change scores (p>0.05 for all), was identified for either gender. Increase in symptom severity post game was not associated with X2 measured HEA. Males sustained more HEA, however HEA PLA magnitude did not differ across gender. Further work on the validation of head acceleration sensors is required and their role in sports concussion research and medical management. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Yale University Library HEA-Title II-C Grant.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshman, Donald

This report describes the problems which prompted the Yale University Library to request Higher Education Act (HEA) grants from the federal government, and recounts the accomplishments achieved through the receipt of those grants. HEA funds were given to the Manuscripts and Archives department for the preservation and resurveying of historical…

Corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloys: A review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shi, Yunzhu; Yang, Bin; Liaw, Peter

Corrosion destroys more than three percent of the world’s gross domestic product. Therefore, the design of highly corrosion-resistant materials is urgently needed. By breaking the classical alloy-design philosophy, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) possess unique microstructures, which are solid solutions with random arrangements of multiple elements. The particular locally-disordered chemical environment is expected to lead to unique corrosion-resistant properties. In this review, the studies of the corrosion-resistant HEAs during the last decade are summarized. The corrosion-resistant properties of HEAs in various aqueous environments and the corrosion behavior of HEA coatings are presented. The effects of environments, alloying elements, and processing methods onmore » the corrosion resistance are analyzed in detail. Finally, the possible directions of future work regarding the corrosion behavior of HEAs are suggested.« less

Corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloys: A review

DOE PAGES

Shi, Yunzhu; Yang, Bin; Liaw, Peter

2017-02-05

Corrosion destroys more than three percent of the world’s gross domestic product. Therefore, the design of highly corrosion-resistant materials is urgently needed. By breaking the classical alloy-design philosophy, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) possess unique microstructures, which are solid solutions with random arrangements of multiple elements. The particular locally-disordered chemical environment is expected to lead to unique corrosion-resistant properties. In this review, the studies of the corrosion-resistant HEAs during the last decade are summarized. The corrosion-resistant properties of HEAs in various aqueous environments and the corrosion behavior of HEA coatings are presented. The effects of environments, alloying elements, and processing methods onmore » the corrosion resistance are analyzed in detail. Finally, the possible directions of future work regarding the corrosion behavior of HEAs are suggested.« less

The effect of carbon on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of thermo-mechanically treated Fe 40.4Ni 11.3Mn 34.8Al 7.5Cr 6 high entropy alloys

DOE PAGES

Wang, Zhangwei; Baker, Ian; Guo, Wei; ...

2017-03-01

We investigated the effects of cold rolling followed by annealing on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure evolution of undoped and 1.1 at. % carbon-doped Fe 40.4Ni 11.3Mn 34.8Al 7.5Cr 6 high entropy alloys (HEAs). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) were employed to characterize the microstructures. The as-cast HEAs were coarse-grained and single phase f.c.c., whereas the thermo-mechanical treatment caused recrystallization (to fine grain sizes) and precipitation (a B2 phase for the undoped HEA; and a B2 phase, and M 23C 6 and M 7C 3 carbides for the C-dopedmore » HEA). Carbon, which was found to have segregated to the grain boundaries using APT, retarded recrystallization. The reduction in grain size resulted in a sharp increase in strength, while the precipitation, which produced only a small increase in strength, probably accounted for the small decrease in ductility for both undoped and C-doped HEAs. For both undoped and C-doped HEAs, the smaller grain-sized material initially exhibited higher strain hardening than the coarse-grained material but showed a much lower strain hardening at large tensile strains. Wavy slip in the undoped HEAs and planar slip in C-doped HEAs were found at the early stages of deformation irrespective of grain size. At higher strains, dislocation cell structures formed in the 19 μm grain-sized undoped HEA, while microbands formed in the 23 μm grain-sized C-doped HEA. Conversely, localized dislocation clusters were found in both HEAs at the finest grain sizes (5 μm). The inhibition of grain subdivision by the grain boundaries and precipitates lead to the transformation from regular dislocation configurations consisting of dislocation-cells and microbands to irregular dislocation configurations consisting of localized dislocation clusters, which further account for the decrease in ductility. Our investigation of the formation mechanism and strain hardening of dislocation cells and microbands could benefit future structural material design.« less

Synthesis of AlFeCuCrMg{sub x} (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.7) alloy powders by mechanical alloying

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maulik, Ornov; Kumar, Vinod, E-mail: vkt.meta@mnit.ac.in; Adjunct Faculty, Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017

2015-12-15

Novel AlFeCuCrMg{sub x} (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.7 mol) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were synthesized by mechanical alloying. The effect of Mg content on the phase evolution of HEAs was investigated using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis. The particle morphology and composition of HEAs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and analyzed to explain the formation of a solid solution. XRD analysis revealed BCC as major phase and FCC as a minor phase in as-milled AlFeCuCr and AlFeCuCrMg{sub 0.5} HEAs. Also, XRD analysis of as-milledmore » AlFeCuCrMg, AlFeCuCrMg{sub 1.7} confirmed the formation of two BCC phases (BCC 1 and BCC 2). TEM–SAED analysis of AlFeCuCrMg{sub x} HEAs concurred with XRD results. Microstructural features and mechanism for solid solution formation have been conferred in detail. Phase formation of the present HEAs has been correlated with calculated thermodynamic parameters. Differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) of these alloys confirmed that there is no substantial phase change up to 500 °C. - Highlights: • Novel AlFeCuCrMg{sub x} (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.7) HEAs were prepared by mechanical alloying. • Phase evolution and lattice parameter were studied by X-Ray Diffraction. • Crystallite size and lattice microstrain calculated failed to obey the Williamson–Hall method. • Criterions for formation of simple solid solution were compared to the thermodynamic parameters of the present HEAs. • Increase in the Mg concentration in AlMg{sub x}FeCuCr (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.7) HEAs supports the formation of BCC phase.« less

Room-temperature ferromagnetic transitions and the temperature dependence of magnetic behaviors in FeCoNiCr-based high-entropy alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Na, Suok-Min; Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Lambert, Paul K.; Jones, Nicholas J.

2018-05-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multiple principle alloying elements exhibit unique properties so they are currently receiving great attention for developing innovative alloy designs. In FeCoNi-based HEAs, magnetic behaviors strongly depend on the addition of alloying elements, usually accompanied by structural changes. In this work, the effect of non-magnetic components on the ferromagnetic transition and magnetic behaviors in equiatomic FeCoNiCrX (X=Al, Ga, Mn and Sn) HEAs was investigated. Alloy ingots of nominal compositions of HEAs were prepared by arc melting and the button ingots were cut into discs for magnetic measurements as functions of magnetic field and temperature. The HEAs of FeCoNiCrMn and FeCoNiCrSn show typical paramagnetic behaviors, composed of solid solution FCC matrix, while the additions of Ga and Al in FeCoNiCr exhibit ferromagnetic behaviors, along with the coexistence of FCC and BCC phases due to spinodal decomposition. The partial phase transition in both HEAs with the additions of Ga and Al would enhance ferromagnetic properties due to the addition of the BCC phase. The saturation magnetization for the base alloy FeCoNiCr is 0.5 emu/g at the applied field of 20 kOe (TC = 104 K). For the HEAs of FeCoNiCrGa and FeCoNiCrAl, the saturation magnetization significantly increased to 38 emu/g (TC = 703 K) and 25 emu/g (TC = 277 K), respectively. To evaluate the possibility of solid solution FCC and BCC phases in FeCoNiCr-type HEAs, we introduced a parameter of valence electron concentration (VEC). The proposed rule for solid solution formation by the VEC was matched with FeCoNiCr-type HEAs.

N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-Adenosine Exhibits Insecticidal Activity against Plutella xylostella via Adenosine Receptors

PubMed Central

Fang, Ming; Chai, Yiqiu; Chen, Guanjv; Wang, Huidong; Huang, Bo

2016-01-01

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most important pests of cruciferous crops. We have earlier shown that N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA) exhibits insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. In the present study we investigated the possible mechanism of insecticidal action of HEA on P. xylostella. HEA is a derivative of adenosine, therefore, we speculated whether it acts via P. xylostella adenosine receptor (PxAdoR). We used RNAi approach to silence PxAdoR gene and used antagonist of denosine receptor (AdoR) to study the insecticidal effect of HEA. We cloned the whole sequence of PxAdoR gene. A BLAST search using NCBI protein database showed a 61% identity with the Drosophila adenosine receptor (DmAdoR) and a 32–35% identity with human AdoR. Though the amino acids sequence of PxAdoR was different compared to other adenosine receptors, most of the amino acids that are known to be important for adenosine receptor ligand binding and signaling were present. However, only 30% binding sites key residues was similar between PxAdoR and A1R. HEA, at a dose of 1 mg/mL, was found to be lethal to the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella, and a significant reduction of mortality and growth inhibition ratio were obtained when HEA was administered to the larvae along with PxAdoR-dsRNA or antagonist of AdoR (SCH58261) for 36, 48, or 60 h. Especially at 48 h, the rate of growth inhibition of the PxAdoR knockdown group was 3.5-fold less than that of the HEA group, and the corrected mortality of SCH58261 group was reduced almost 2-fold compared with the HEA group. Our findings show that HEA may exert its insecticidal activity against P. xylostella larvae via acting on PxAdoR. PMID:27668428

N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-Adenosine Exhibits Insecticidal Activity against Plutella xylostella via Adenosine Receptors.

PubMed

Fang, Ming; Chai, Yiqiu; Chen, Guanjv; Wang, Huidong; Huang, Bo

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most important pests of cruciferous crops. We have earlier shown that N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA) exhibits insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. In the present study we investigated the possible mechanism of insecticidal action of HEA on P. xylostella. HEA is a derivative of adenosine, therefore, we speculated whether it acts via P. xylostella adenosine receptor (PxAdoR). We used RNAi approach to silence PxAdoR gene and used antagonist of denosine receptor (AdoR) to study the insecticidal effect of HEA. We cloned the whole sequence of PxAdoR gene. A BLAST search using NCBI protein database showed a 61% identity with the Drosophila adenosine receptor (DmAdoR) and a 32-35% identity with human AdoR. Though the amino acids sequence of PxAdoR was different compared to other adenosine receptors, most of the amino acids that are known to be important for adenosine receptor ligand binding and signaling were present. However, only 30% binding sites key residues was similar between PxAdoR and A1R. HEA, at a dose of 1 mg/mL, was found to be lethal to the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella, and a significant reduction of mortality and growth inhibition ratio were obtained when HEA was administered to the larvae along with PxAdoR-dsRNA or antagonist of AdoR (SCH58261) for 36, 48, or 60 h. Especially at 48 h, the rate of growth inhibition of the PxAdoR knockdown group was 3.5-fold less than that of the HEA group, and the corrected mortality of SCH58261 group was reduced almost 2-fold compared with the HEA group. Our findings show that HEA may exert its insecticidal activity against P. xylostella larvae via acting on PxAdoR.

An Integrated Study on a Novel High Temperature High Entropy Alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Shizhong

2016-12-31

This report summarizes our recent works of theoretical modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of the simulation results on the new refractory high entropy alloy (HEA) design and oxide doped refractory HEA research. The simulation of the stability and thermal dynamics simulation on potential thermal stable candidates were performed and related HEA with oxide doped samples were synthesized and characterized. The HEA ab initio density functional theory and molecular dynamics physical property simulation methods and experimental texture validation techniques development, achievements already reached, course work development, students and postdoc training, and future improvement research directions are briefly introduced.

Differential modulation of ammonia excretion, Rhesus glycoproteins and ion-regulation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following individual and combined exposure to waterborne copper and ammonia.

PubMed

Sinha, Amit Kumar; Kapotwe, Mumba; Dabi, Shambel Boki; Montes, Caroline da Silva; Shrivastava, Jyotsna; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2016-01-01

The main objective of this study was to understand the mode of interaction between waterborne copper (Cu) and high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure on freshwater fish, and how they influence the toxicity of each other when present together. For this purpose, individual and combined effects of Cu and HEA were examined on selected physiological and ion-regulatory processes and changes at transcript level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Juvenile carp were exposed to 2.6μM Cu (25% of the 96h LC50value) and to 0.65mM ammonia (25% of the 96h LC50value) singly and as a mixture for 12h, 24h, 48h, 84h and 180h. Responses such as ammonia (Jamm) and urea (Jurea) excretion rate, plasma ammonia and urea, plasma ions (Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+)), muscle water content (MWC) as well as branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) and H(+)-ATPase activity, and branchial mRNA expression of NKA, H(+)-ATPase, Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE-3) and Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins were investigated under experimental conditions. Results show that Jamm was inhibited during Cu exposure, while HEA exposed fish were able to increase excretion efficiently. In the combined exposure, Jamm remained at the control levels indicating that Cu and HEA abolished each other's effect. Expression of Rhcg (Rhcg-a and Rhcg-b) mRNA was upregulated during HEA, thereby facilitated ammonia efflux out of gills. On the contrary, Rhcg-a transcript level declined following Cu exposure which might account for Cu induced Jamm inhibition. Likewise, Rhcg-a was also down-regulated in Cu-HEA co-exposed fish whilst a temporary increment was noted for Rhch-b. Fish exposed to HEA displayed pronounced up-regulation in NKA expression and activity and stable plasma ion levels. In both the Cu exposure alone and combined Cu-HEA exposure, ion-osmo homeostasis was adversely affected, exemplified by the significant reduction in plasma [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)], and elevated plasma [K(+)], along with an elevation in MWC. These changes were accompanied by a decline in NKA activity. Gill H(+)-ATPase mRNA levels and activities were not affected by either Cu or HEA or both. Likewise, NHE-3 expression remained unaltered but tended to be numerically higher during HEA exposure. Overall, these data suggest that at equitoxic concentrations (25% of 96h LC50), the individual effect of Cu is more harmful while HEA induces quicker adaptive responses. Our findings also denote a competitive mode of interaction, exemplified by the inhibition of HEA -mediated adaptive responses in the presence of Cu. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AR, HEA and AAS in Rural Development Projects--Benchmarking towards the Best Processes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westermarck, Harri

In most countries, agricultural research (AR), institutions of higher education in agriculture (HEA), and agricultural advisory services (AAS) function as separate agencies. So far, in most countries, AR, HEA, and AAS have not had a common vision for rural development. In Finland, domination of agricultural production in Finland has led to a lack…

Acute exposure to high environmental ammonia (HEA) triggers the emersion response in the green shore crab.

PubMed

Zimmer, Alex M; Wood, Chris M

2017-02-01

The physiological effects of high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure have been well documented in many aquatic species. In particular, it has recently been demonstrated that exposure to ammonia in fish leads to a similar hyperventilatory response as observed during exposure to hypoxia. In littoral crabs, such as the green crab (Carcinus maenas), exposure to severe hypoxia triggers an emersion response whereby crabs escape hypoxia to breathe air. We hypothesized that exposure to HEA in green crabs would lead to a similar behavioural response which is specific to ammonia. Using an experimental arena containing a rock bed onto which crabs could emerse, we established that exposure to HEA (4mmol/l NH 4 HCO 3 ) for 15min triggers emersion in crabs. In experiments utilizing NaHCO 3 controls and NH 4 HCO 3 injections, we further determined that emersion was triggered specifically by external ammonia and was independent of secondary acid-base or respiratory disturbances caused by HEA. We then hypothesized that emersion from HEA provides a physiological benefit, similar to emersion from hypoxia. Exposure to 15min of HEA without emersion (no rock bed present) caused significant increases in arterial haemolymph total ammonia (T amm ), pH, and [HCO 3 - ] . When emersion was allowed, arterial haemolymph T amm and [HCO 3 - ] increased, but no alkalosis developed. Moreover, emersion decreased haemolymph partial pressure of NH 3 relative to crabs which could not emerse. Overall, we demonstrate a novel behavioural response to HEA exposure in crabs which we propose may share similar mechanistic pathways with the emersion response triggered by hypoxia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interstitial atoms enable joint twinning and transformation induced plasticity in strong and ductile high-entropy alloys.

PubMed

Li, Zhiming; Tasan, Cemal Cem; Springer, Hauke; Gault, Baptiste; Raabe, Dierk

2017-01-12

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multiple principle elements provide an avenue for realizing exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties. We report a novel strategy for designing a new class of HEAs incorporating the additional interstitial element carbon. This results in joint activation of twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity (TWIP and TRIP) by tuning the matrix phase's instability in a metastable TRIP-assisted dual-phase HEA. Besides TWIP and TRIP, such alloys benefit from massive substitutional and interstitial solid solution strengthening as well as from the composite effect associated with its dual-phase structure. Nanosize particle formation and grain size reduction are also utilized. The new interstitial TWIP-TRIP-HEA thus unifies all metallic strengthening mechanisms in one material, leading to twice the tensile strength compared to a single-phase HEA with similar composition, yet, at identical ductility.

Temperature effects on deformation and serration behavior of high-entropy alloys (HEAs)

DOE PAGES

Antonaglia, J.; Xie, X.; Tang, Z.; ...

2014-09-16

Many materials are known to deform under shear in an intermittent way with slip avalanches detected as acoustic emission and serrations in the stress–strain curves. Similar serrations have recently been observed in a new class of materials, called high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Here, we discuss the serration behaviors of several HEAs from cryogenic to elevated temperatures. The experimental results of slow compression and tension tests are compared with the predictions of a slip-avalanche model for the deformation of a broad range of solids. The results shed light on the deformation processes in HEAs. Temperature effects on the distributions of stress dropsmore » and the decrease of the cutoff (i.e., of the largest observed slip size) for increasing temperature qualitatively agree with the model predictions. As a result, the model is used to quantify the serration characteristics of HEAs, and pertinent implications are discussed.« less

Interstitial atoms enable joint twinning and transformation induced plasticity in strong and ductile high-entropy alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhiming; Tasan, Cemal Cem; Springer, Hauke; Gault, Baptiste; Raabe, Dierk

2017-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multiple principle elements provide an avenue for realizing exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties. We report a novel strategy for designing a new class of HEAs incorporating the additional interstitial element carbon. This results in joint activation of twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity (TWIP and TRIP) by tuning the matrix phase’s instability in a metastable TRIP-assisted dual-phase HEA. Besides TWIP and TRIP, such alloys benefit from massive substitutional and interstitial solid solution strengthening as well as from the composite effect associated with its dual-phase structure. Nanosize particle formation and grain size reduction are also utilized. The new interstitial TWIP-TRIP-HEA thus unifies all metallic strengthening mechanisms in one material, leading to twice the tensile strength compared to a single-phase HEA with similar composition, yet, at identical ductility.

Education Department Begins Process to Implement HEA Reauthorization with New Campus Safety Provisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Lisa

2008-01-01

The U.S. Department of Education has announced the beginning of the process to develop rules for new requirements in the recently passed Higher Education Act (HEA). Highlights of the HEA that affect campus public safety departments include measures that: (1) Require a fire log be maintained at an institution of higher education for events that…

Exceptionally high cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of a high entropy alloy.

PubMed

Nair, R B; Arora, H S; Mukherjee, Sundeep; Singh, S; Singh, H; Grewal, H S

2018-03-01

Cavitation erosion and corrosion of structural materials are serious concerns for marine and offshore industries. Durability and performance of marine components are severely impaired due to degradation from erosion and corrosion. Utilization of advanced structural materials can play a vital role in limiting such degradation. High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a relatively new class of advanced structural materials with exceptional properties. In the present work, we report on the cavitation erosion behavior of Al 0.1 CoCrFeNi HEA in two different media: distilled water with and without 3.5wt% NaCl. For comparison, conventionally used stainless steel SS316L was also evaluated in identical test conditions. Despite lower hardness and yield strength, the HEA showed significantly longer incubation period and lower erosion-corrosion rate (nearly 1/4th) compared to SS316L steel. Enhanced erosion resistance of HEA was attributed to its high work-hardening behavior and stable passivation film on the surface. The Al 0.1 CoCrFeNi HEA showed lower corrosion current density, high pitting resistance and protection potential compared to SS316L steel. Further, HEA showed no evidence of intergranular corrosion likely due to the absence of secondary precipitates. Although, the degradation mechanisms (formation of pits and fatigue cracks) were similar for both the materials, the damage severity was found to be much higher for SS316L steel compared to HEA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Solid state amorphization of metastable Al 0.5TiZrPdCuNi high entropy alloy investigated by high voltage electron microscopy

DOE PAGES

Nagase, Takeshi; Takeuchi, Akira; Amiya, Kenji; ...

2017-07-18

Here, the phase stability of high entropy alloy (HEA), Al 0.5TiZrPdCuNi, under fast electron irradiation was studied by in-situ high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). The initial phase of this alloy quenched from the melt was dependent on cooling rate. At high cooling rates an amorphous phase was obtained, whereas a body-centered cubic ( b.c.c.) phase were obtained at low cooling rates. By thermal crystallization of the amorphous phase b.c.c. phase nano-crystals were formed. Upon fast electron irradiation solid state amorphization (SSA) was observed in b.c.c. phase regardless of the initial microstructure (i.e., “coarse crystalline structure” or “nano-crystalline structure with grainmore » boundaries as a sink for point defects”). SSA behavior in the Al 0.5TiZrPdCuNi HEAs was investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy observations. Because the amorphization is very rarely achieved in a solid solution phase under fast electron irradiation in common metallic materials, this result suggests that the Al 0.5TiZrPdCuNi HEA from other common alloys and the other HEAs. The differences in phase stability against the irradiation between the Al 0.5TiZrPdCuNi HEA and the other HEAs were discussed. This is the first experimental evidence of SSA in HEAs stimulated by fast electron irradiation.« less

Can In Utero Exposures Program an Increased Risk for Diseases Later in Life?

EPA Science Inventory

In the early 1990's, David Barker and his colleagues studied the relationship between the incidence of coronary heart disease and birth weight in a population of adult men and women in Hertfordshire, England. They found an inverse correlation between the incidence of coronary hea...

34 CFR 654.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that student's program. HEA means the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. High school graduate means an individual who has— (i) A high school diploma; (ii) A General Education Development (GED) Certificate; or (iii) Any other evidence recognized by the State as the equivalent of a high school diploma...

34 CFR 654.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that student's program. HEA means the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. High school graduate means an individual who has— (i) A high school diploma; (ii) A General Education Development (GED) Certificate; or (iii) Any other evidence recognized by the State as the equivalent of a high school diploma...

34 CFR 654.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that student's program. HEA means the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. High school graduate means an individual who has— (i) A high school diploma; (ii) A General Education Development (GED) Certificate; or (iii) Any other evidence recognized by the State as the equivalent of a high school diploma...

34 CFR 654.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... that student's program. HEA means the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. High school graduate means an individual who has— (i) A high school diploma; (ii) A General Education Development (GED) Certificate; or (iii) Any other evidence recognized by the State as the equivalent of a high school diploma...

34 CFR 654.5 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that student's program. HEA means the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. High school graduate means an individual who has— (i) A high school diploma; (ii) A General Education Development (GED) Certificate; or (iii) Any other evidence recognized by the State as the equivalent of a high school diploma...

Research Methods in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Use of Administrative and Surveillance Databases.

PubMed

Drees, Marci; Gerber, Jeffrey S; Morgan, Daniel J; Lee, Grace M

2016-11-01

Administrative and surveillance data are used frequently in healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship (HE&AS) research because of their wide availability and efficiency. However, data quality issues exist, requiring careful consideration and potential validation of data. This methods paper presents key considerations for using administrative and surveillance data in HE&AS, including types of data available and potential use, data limitations, and the importance of validation. After discussing these issues, we review examples of HE&AS research using administrative data with a focus on scenarios when their use may be advantageous. A checklist is provided to help aid study development in HE&AS using administrative data. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1-10.

Mechanical Properties of High Entropy Alloy Al0.1CoCrFeNi for Peripheral Vascular Stent Application.

PubMed

Alagarsamy, Karthik; Fortier, Aleksandra; Komarasamy, Mageshwari; Kumar, Nilesh; Mohammad, Atif; Banerjee, Subhash; Han, Hai-Chao; Mishra, Rajiv S

2016-12-01

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are new class of metallic materials with five or more principal alloying elements. Due to this distinct concept of alloying, the HEAs exhibit unique properties compared to conventional alloys. The outstanding properties of HEAs include increased strength, superior wear resistance, high temperature stability, increased fatigue properties, good corrosion, and oxidation resistance. Such characteristics of HEAs have generated significant interest among the scientific community. However, their applications are yet to be explored. This paper discusses the mechanical behavior and microstructure of Al 0.1 CoCrFeNi HEA subjected to thermo-mechanical processing, and its potential application in peripheral vascular stent implants that are prone to high failure rates. Results show that Al 0.1 CoCrFeNi alloy possesses characteristics that compare well against currently used stent materials and it can potentially find use in peripheral vascular stent implants and extend their life-cycle.

Ultrastrong ductile and stable high-entropy alloys at small scales.

PubMed

Zou, Yu; Ma, Huan; Spolenak, Ralph

2015-07-10

Refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of emerging multi-component alloys, showing superior mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and being technologically interesting. However, they are generally brittle at room temperature, fail by cracking at low compressive strains and suffer from limited formability. Here we report a strategy for the fabrication of refractory HEA thin films and small-sized pillars that consist of strongly textured, columnar and nanometre-sized grains. Such HEA pillars exhibit extraordinarily high yield strengths of ∼ 10 GPa--among the highest reported strengths in micro-/nano-pillar compression and one order of magnitude higher than that of its bulk form--and their ductility is considerably improved (compressive plastic strains over 30%). Additionally, we demonstrate that such HEA films show substantially enhanced stability for high-temperature, long-duration conditions (at 1,100 °C for 3 days). Small-scale HEAs combining these properties represent a new class of materials in small-dimension devices potentially for high-stress and high-temperature applications.

Adult Diabetic Patients’ Self-Care Levels, Attitudes, and Perceptions Following an Education Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

hospital. Diabetes care, 1981, 4,. 487-489. Graber, A. L., Christman, B. G., Alogna, M, T., & Davidson, J. K. Evaluation of diabetes patient - education programs...L. Why patient education ? An elookate thow doatientwt diabeter elts c:j~inlHat Nurs ngOulo, 1979, 27, 71-75 7-11. Leie .(E..Idviulzn.hea.• atrt-ne...Salzer, J. E. Classes to improve diabetic self-care. American Journal of Nursing, 1975, 75, 1324-1326. Svtall, D. A patient education program. American

Design of high entropy alloys based on the experience from commercial superalloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z.; Huang, Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, C. T.

2015-01-01

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have been drawing increasing attention recently and gratifying results have been obtained. However, the existing metallurgic rules of HEAs could not provide specific information of selecting candidate alloys for structural applications. Our brief survey reveals that many commercial superalloys have medium and even to high configurational entropies. The experience of commercial superalloys provides a clue for helping us in the development of HEAs for structural applications.

[Applications of habitat equivalency analysis in ecological damage assessment of oil spill incident].

PubMed

Yang, Yin; Han, Da-xiong; Wang, Hai-yan

2011-08-01

Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) is one of the methods commonly used by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in natural resources damage assessment, but rarely applied in China. Based on the theory of HEA and the assessment practices of domestic oil spill incidents, a modification on the HEA was made in this paper, and applied to calculate the habitat value in oil spill incidents. According to the data collected from an oil spill incident in China, the modified HEA was applied in a case study to scale the compensatory-restoration. By introducing the ecological service equivalent factor to transfer various habitats, it was achieved to value of the injured habitats in ecological damage assessment of oil spill incident.

78 FR 45187 - Notice of a Joint Technical Assistance Workshop for Preparing Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 Grant...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

... for programs authorized by Title VI of the Higher Education Act (HEA) that the Department expects to... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of a Joint Technical Assistance Workshop for Preparing Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 Grant Applications AGENCY: International and Foreign Language Education, Office of...

Revisit the Higher Education Act: Make College More Affordable, Improve Teacher Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Education Association, 2015

2015-01-01

First passed in 1965 to ensure that every individual has access to higher education, regardless of income, the Higher Education Act (HEA) governs the nation's student-aid programs, federal aid to colleges, and oversight of teacher preparation. This brief report discusses 4 National Education Association (NEA) priorities: (1) Make college more…

Plasma-Sprayed High Entropy Alloys: Microstructure and Properties of AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ang, Andrew Siao Ming; Berndt, Christopher C.; Sesso, Mitchell L.; Anupam, Ameey; S, Praveen; Kottada, Ravi Sankar; Murty, B. S.

2015-02-01

High entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a new class of materials that present novel phase structures and properties. Apart from bulk material consolidation methods such as casting and sintering, HEAs can also be deposited as a surface coating. In this work, thermal sprayed HEA coatings are investigated that may be used as an alternative bond coat material for a thermal barrier coating system. Nanostructured HEAs that were based on AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi were prepared by ball milling and then plasma sprayed. Splat studies were assessed to optimise the appropriate thermal spray parameters and spray deposits were prepared. After mechanical alloying, aluminum-based and manganese-based HEA powders revealed contrary prominences of BCC and FCC phases in their X-ray diffraction patterns. However, FCC phase was observed as the major phase present in both of the plasma-sprayed AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi coatings. There were also minor oxide peaks detected, which can be attributed to the high temperature processing. The measured porosity levels for AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi coatings were 9.5 ± 2.3 and 7.4 ± 1.3 pct, respectively. Three distinct phase contrasts, dark gray, light gray and white, were observed in the SEM images, with the white regions corresponding to retained multicomponent HEAs. The Vickers hardness (HV0.3kgf) was 4.13 ± 0.43 and 4.42 ± 0.60 GPa for AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi, respectively. Both type of HEAs coatings exhibited anisotropic mechanical behavior due to their lamellar, composite-type microstructure.

Discovery of a Superconducting High-Entropy Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koželj, P.; Vrtnik, S.; Jelen, A.; Jazbec, S.; Jagličić, Z.; Maiti, S.; Feuerbacher, M.; Steurer, W.; Dolinšek, J.

2014-09-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are multicomponent mixtures of elements in similar concentrations, where the high entropy of mixing can stabilize disordered solid-solution phases with simple structures like a body-centered cubic or a face-centered cubic, in competition with ordered crystalline intermetallic phases. We have synthesized an HEA with the composition Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 (in at. %), which possesses an average body-centered cubic structure of lattice parameter a =3.36 Å. The measurements of the electrical resistivity, the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, and the specific heat revealed that the Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 HEA is a type II superconductor with a transition temperature Tc≈7.3 K, an upper critical field μ0Hc2≈8.2 T, a lower critical field μ0Hc1≈32 mT, and an energy gap in the electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level of 2Δ ≈2.2 meV. The investigated HEA is close to a BCS-type phonon-mediated superconductor in the weak electron-phonon coupling limit, classifying it as a "dirty" superconductor. We show that the lattice degrees of freedom obey Vegard's rule of mixtures, indicating completely random mixing of the elements on the HEA lattice, whereas the electronic degrees of freedom do not obey this rule even approximately so that the electronic properties of a HEA are not a "cocktail" of properties of the constituent elements. The formation of a superconducting gap contributes to the electronic stabilization of the HEA state at low temperatures, where the entropic stabilization is ineffective, but the electronic energy gain due to the superconducting transition is too small for the global stabilization of the disordered state, which remains metastable.

Comparison of CHROMagar Salmonella Medium and Hektoen Enteric Agar for Isolation of Salmonellae from Stool Samples

PubMed Central

Gaillot, Olivier; Di Camillo, Patrick; Berche, Patrick; Courcol, René; Savage, Colette

1999-01-01

CHROMagar Salmonella (CAS), a new chromogenic medium, was retrospectively compared to Hektoen enteric agar (HEA) with 501 Salmonella stock isolates and was then prospectively compared to HEA for the detection and presumptive identification of Salmonella spp. with 508 stool samples before and after enrichment. All stock cultures (100%), including cultures of H2S-negative isolates, yielded typical mauve colonies on CAS, while 497 (99%) isolates produced typical lactose-negative, black-centered colonies on HEA. Following overnight incubation at 37°C, a total of 20 Salmonella strains were isolated from the 508 clinical samples. Sensitivities for primary plating and after enrichment were 95% (19 isolates) and 100% (20 isolates), respectively, for CAS and 80% (16 isolates) and 100% (20 isolates), respectively, for HEA. The specificity of CAS (88.9%) was significantly higher than that of HEA (78.5%; P < 0.0001). On the basis of its good sensitivity and specificity, CAS medium can be recommended for use for primary plating when human stool samples are screened for Salmonella spp. PMID:9986847

A precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties

DOE PAGES

He, J. Y.; Wang, H.; Huang, H. L.; ...

2015-09-29

Recent studies indicated that high-entropy alloys (HEAs) possess unusual structural and thermal features, which could greatly affect dislocation motion and contribute to the mechanical performance, however, a HEA matrix alone is insufficiently strong for engineering applications and other strengthening mechanisms are urgently needed to be incorporated. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility to precipitate nanosized coherent reinforcing phase, i.e., L1 2-Ni 3(Ti,Al), in a fcc-FeCoNiCr HEA matrix using minor additions of Ti and Al. Through thermomechanical processing and microstructure controlling, extraordinary balanced tensile properties at room temperature were achieved, which is due to a well combination of various hardeningmore » mechanisms, particularly precipitation hardening. The applicability and validity of the conventional strengthening theories are also discussed. In conclusion, the current work is a successful demonstration of using integrated strengthening approaches to manipulate the properties of fcc-HEA systems, and the resulting findings are important not only for understanding the strengthening mechanisms of metallic materials in general, but also for the future development of high-performance HEAs for industrial applications.« less

Phase-Transformation Ductilization of Brittle High-Entropy Alloys via Metastability Engineering

DOE PAGES

Huang, Hailong; Wu, Yuan; He, Junyang; ...

2017-06-07

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) in which interesting physical, chemical, and structural properties are being continuously revealed have recently attracted extensive attention. Body-centered cubic (bcc) HEAs, particularly those based on refractory elements are promising for high-temperature application but generally fail by early cracking with limited plasticity at room temperature, which limits their malleability and widespread uses. In this paper, the “metastability-engineering” strategy is exploited in brittle bcc HEAs via tailoring the stability of the constituent phases, and transformation-induced ductility and work-hardening capability are successfully achieved. Finally, this not only sheds new insights on the development of HEAs with excellent combination of strengthmore » and ductility, but also has great implications on overcoming the long-standing strength–ductility tradeoff of metallic materials in general.« less

Phase-Transformation Ductilization of Brittle High-Entropy Alloys via Metastability Engineering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Hailong; Wu, Yuan; He, Junyang

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) in which interesting physical, chemical, and structural properties are being continuously revealed have recently attracted extensive attention. Body-centered cubic (bcc) HEAs, particularly those based on refractory elements are promising for high-temperature application but generally fail by early cracking with limited plasticity at room temperature, which limits their malleability and widespread uses. In this paper, the “metastability-engineering” strategy is exploited in brittle bcc HEAs via tailoring the stability of the constituent phases, and transformation-induced ductility and work-hardening capability are successfully achieved. Finally, this not only sheds new insights on the development of HEAs with excellent combination of strengthmore » and ductility, but also has great implications on overcoming the long-standing strength–ductility tradeoff of metallic materials in general.« less

Senary refractory high-entropy alloy HfNbTaTiVZr

DOE PAGES

Gao, Michael C.; Zhang, B.; Yang, S.; ...

2015-09-03

Discovery of new single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is important to understand HEA formation mechanisms. The present study reports computational design and experimental validation of a senary HEA, HfNbTaTiVZr, in a body-centered cubic structure. The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of this senary system were modeled using the CALPHAD method. Its atomic structure and diffusion constants were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Here, the microstructure of the as-cast HfNbTaTiVZr alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the microsegregation in the as-cast state was found to qualitatively agree with the solidification predictions from CALPHAD. Supported bymore » both simulation and experimental results, the HEA formation rules are discussed.« less

The 95ΔG mutation in the 5'untranslated region of the norA gene increases efflux activity in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates.

PubMed

García-Gómez, Elizabeth; Jaso-Vera, Marcos E; Juárez-Verdayes, Marco A; Alcántar-Curiel, María D; Zenteno, Juan C; Betanzos-Cabrera, Gabriel; Peralta, Humberto; Rodríguez-Martínez, Sandra; Cancino-Díaz, Mario E; Jan-Roblero, Janet; Cancino-Diaz, Juan C

2017-02-01

In the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 strain, the flqB mutation in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the norA gene causes increased norA mRNA expression and high efflux activity (HEA). The involvement of the norA gene 5'UTR in HEA has not been explored in S. epidermidis; therefore, we examined the function of this region in S. epidermidis clinical isolates. The selection of isolates with HEA was performed based on ethidium bromide (EtBr) MIC values and efflux efficiency (EF) using the semi-automated fluorometric method. The function of the 5'UTR was studied by quantifying the levels of norA expression (RT-qPCR) and by identifying 5'UTR mutations by sequence analysis. Only 10 isolates from a total of 165 (6.1%) had HEA (EtBr MIC = 300 μg/ml and EF ranged from 48.4 to 97.2%). Eight of 10 isolates with HEA had the 5'UTR 95 Δ G mutation. Isolates carrying the 95 Δ G mutation had higher levels of norA expression compared with those that did not. To corroborate that the 95 Δ G mutation is involved in HEA, a strain adapted to EtBr was obtained in vitro. This strain also presented the 95 Δ G mutation and had a high level of norA expression and EF, indicating that the 95 Δ G mutation is important for the HEA phenotype. The 95 Δ G mutation produces a different structure in the Shine-Dalgarno region, which may promote better translation of norA mRNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the participation of the 5'UTR 95 Δ G mutation of the norA gene in the HEA phenotype of S. epidermidis isolates. Here, we propose that the efflux of EtBr is caused by an increment in the transcription and/or translation of the norA gene. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ED Proposed Regulations to Title II of HEA: Comments from the Data Quality Campaign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data Quality Campaign, 2015

2015-01-01

States are uniquely positioned to provide feedback to teacher preparation programs (TPPs) on the effectiveness of the teachers they train, and to provide information about the quality of TPPs to the public. States have been building the significant data capacity to reliably and securely link teachers with their students' achievement and growth…

Making College More Expensive: The Unintended Consequences of Federal Tuition Aid. Policy Analysis. No. 531

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfram, Gary

2005-01-01

As Congress debates the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (HEA), it should heed Friedrich Hayek's warning that democracy is "peculiarly liable, if not guided by accepted common principles, to produce over-all results that nobody wanted." One result of the federal government's student financial aid programs is higher tuition…

76 FR 59863 - Application and Approval Process for New Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-27

... Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended We discuss substantive issues under the sections of... eligibility of institutions of higher education (20 U.S.C. 1099c). Current regulations: Under current Sec. 600...)), and section 498 of the HEA provides for the eligibility of institutions of higher education (20 U.S.C...

Spin-Orbit Torque from a Magnetic Heterostructure of High-Entropy Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Tian-Yue; Chuang, Tsao-Chi; Huang, Ssu-Yen; Yen, Hung-Wei; Pai, Chi-Feng

2017-10-01

High-entropy alloy (HEA) is a family of metallic materials with nearly equal partitions of five or more metals, which might possess mechanical and transport properties that are different from conventional binary or tertiary alloys. In this work, we demonstrate current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching in a Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti HEA-based magnetic heterostructure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The maximum dampinglike SOT efficiency from this particular HEA-based magnetic heterostructure is further determined to be |ζDLHEA | ≈0.033 by hysteresis-loop-shift measurements, while that for the Ta control sample is |ζDLTa | ≈0.04 . Our results indicate that HEA-based magnetic heterostructures can serve as an alternative group of potential candidates for SOT device applications due to the possibility of tuning buffer-layer properties with more than two constituent elements.

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Resection Versus Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Trial.

PubMed

Zupi, Errico; Centini, Gabriele; Lazzeri, Lucia; Finco, Andrea; Exacoustos, Caterina; Afors, Karolina; Zullo, Fulvio; Petraglia, Felice

2015-01-01

To compare long-term efficacy of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) and hysteroscopic endometrial ablation (HEA) in treating persistent abnormal uterine bleeding. Canadian Task Force II-2. University hospital. One hundred fifty-three women treated for abnormal uterine bleeding by LSH or HEA. Long-term follow-up assessment of reintervention rate and quality of life (QoL) using the Quality Metric's Health Survey Short Form 12. This study is the long-term follow-up of a randomized control trial conducted in 2003 comparing LSH and HEA in terms of reoperation rate and QoL. Starting from November 2010 all patients included in the first trial were invited to participate in this study and clinically evaluated through vaginal examination and transvaginal ultrasound. After a mean follow-up of 14.4 years, 29% of patients (20/71) treated with HEA underwent further surgery, whereas no patients after LSH had symptom recurrence. The reintervention rate was significantly higher in the HEA group (p < .0001), with a relative risk of 1.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.61). The assessment of QoL demonstrated a higher score, in both physical and mental components, in the LSH group (p < .0001). The lower reintervention rate and the better physical and mental health scores make LSH a more suitable procedure to treat recurrent abnormal uterine bleeding when compared with HEA. Copyright © 2015 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tensile and shear loading of four fcc high-entropy alloys: A first-principles study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiaoqing; Schönecker, Stephan; Li, Wei; Varga, Lajos K.; Irving, Douglas L.; Vitos, Levente

2018-03-01

Ab initio density-functional calculations are used to investigate the response of four face-centered-cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to tensile and shear loading. The ideal tensile and shear strengths (ITS and ISS) of the HEAs are studied by employing first-principles alloy theory formulated within the exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation. We benchmark the computational accuracy against literature data by studying the ITS under uniaxial [110] tensile loading and the ISS for the [11 2 ¯] (111 ) shear deformation of pure fcc Ni and Al. For the HEAs, we uncover the alloying effect on the ITS and ISS. Under shear loading, relaxation reduces the ISS by ˜50 % for all considered HEAs. We demonstrate that the dimensionless tensile and shear strengths are significantly overestimated by adopting two widely used empirical models in comparison with our ab initio calculations. In addition, our predicted relationship between the dimensionless shear strength and shear instability are in line with the modified Frenkel model. Using the computed ISS, we derive the half-width of the dislocation core for the present HEAs. Employing the ratio of ITS to ISS, we discuss the intrinsic ductility of HEAs and compare it with a common empirical criterion. We observe a strong linear correlation between the shear instability and the ratio of ITS to ISS, whereas a weak positive correlation is found in the case of the empirical criterion.

Understanding health economic analysis in critical care: insights from recent randomized controlled trials.

PubMed

Sud, Sachin; Cuthbertson, Brian H

2011-10-01

The article reviews the methods of health economic analysis (HEA) in clinical trials of critically ill patients. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of HEA in the context of positive and 'no effect' studies, with recent examples. The need to control costs and promote effective spending in caring for the critically ill has garnered considerable attention due to the high cost of critical illness. Many clinical trials focus on short-term mortality, ignoring costs and quality of life, and fail to change clinical practice or promote efficient use of resources. Incorporating HEA into clinical trials is a possible solution. Such studies have shown some interventions, although expensive, provide good value, whereas others should be withdrawn from clinical practice. Incorporating HEA into randomized controlled trials (RCTs) requires careful attention to collect all relevant costs. Decision trees, modeling assumptions and methods for collecting costs and measuring outcomes should be planned and published beforehand to minimize bias. Costs and cost-effectiveness are potentially useful outcomes in RCTs of critically ill patients. Future RCTs should incorporate parallel HEA to provide both economic outcomes, which are important to the community, alongside patient-centered outcomes, which are important to individuals.

Ecosystems, ecological restoration, and economics: does habitat or resource equivalency analysis mean other economic valuation methods are not needed?

PubMed

Shaw, W Douglass; Wlodarz, Marta

2013-09-01

Coastal and other area resources such as tidal wetlands, seagrasses, coral reefs, wetlands, and other ecosystems are often harmed by environmental damage that might be inflicted by human actions, or could occur from natural hazards such as hurricanes. Society may wish to restore resources to offset the harm, or receive compensation if this is not possible, but faces difficult choices among potential compensation projects. The optimal amount of restoration efforts can be determined by non-market valuation methods, service-to-service, or resource-to-resource approaches such as habitat equivalency analysis (HEA). HEA scales injured resources and lost services on a one-to-one trade-off basis. Here, we present the main differences between the HEA approach and other non-market valuation approaches. Particular focus is on the role of the social discount rate, which appears in the HEA equation and underlies calculations of the present value of future damages. We argue that while HEA involves elements of economic analysis, the assumption of a one-to-one trade-off between lost and restored services sometimes does not hold, and then other non-market economic valuation approaches may help in restoration scaling or in damage determination.

Discovery of a superconducting high-entropy alloy.

PubMed

Koželj, P; Vrtnik, S; Jelen, A; Jazbec, S; Jagličić, Z; Maiti, S; Feuerbacher, M; Steurer, W; Dolinšek, J

2014-09-05

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are multicomponent mixtures of elements in similar concentrations, where the high entropy of mixing can stabilize disordered solid-solution phases with simple structures like a body-centered cubic or a face-centered cubic, in competition with ordered crystalline intermetallic phases. We have synthesized an HEA with the composition Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 (in at. %), which possesses an average body-centered cubic structure of lattice parameter a=3.36  Å. The measurements of the electrical resistivity, the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, and the specific heat revealed that the Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 HEA is a type II superconductor with a transition temperature Tc≈7.3  K, an upper critical field μ0H_c2≈8.2  T, a lower critical field μ0Hc1≈32  mT, and an energy gap in the electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level of 2Δ≈2.2  meV. The investigated HEA is close to a BCS-type phonon-mediated superconductor in the weak electron-phonon coupling limit, classifying it as a "dirty" superconductor. We show that the lattice degrees of freedom obey Vegard's rule of mixtures, indicating completely random mixing of the elements on the HEA lattice, whereas the electronic degrees of freedom do not obey this rule even approximately so that the electronic properties of a HEA are not a "cocktail" of properties of the constituent elements. The formation of a superconducting gap contributes to the electronic stabilization of the HEA state at low temperatures, where the entropic stabilization is ineffective, but the electronic energy gain due to the superconducting transition is too small for the global stabilization of the disordered state, which remains metastable.

The BCC/B2 morphologies in Al xNiCoFeCr high-entropy alloys

DOE PAGES

Ma, Yue; Jiang, Beibei; Li, Chunling; ...

2017-02-15

Here, the present work primarily investigates the morphological evolution of the body-centered-cubic (BCC)/B2 phases in Al xNiCoFeCr high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with increasing Al content. It is found that the BCC/B2 coherent morphology is closely related to the lattice misfit between these two phases, which is sensitive to Al. There are two types of microscopic BCC/B2 morphologies in this HEA series: one is the weave-like morphology induced by the spinodal decomposition, and the other is the microstructure of a spherical disordered BCC precipitation on the ordered B2 matrix that appears in HEAs with a much higher Al content. The mechanical properties,more » including the compressive yielding strength and microhardness of the Al xNiCoFeCr HEAs, are also discussed in light of the concept of the valence electron concentration (VEC).« less

Topologically Close-packed Phase Formation in High Entropy Alloys: A Review of Calphad and Experimental Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guruvidyathri, K.; Hari Kumar, K. C.; Yeh, J. W.; Murty, B. S.

2017-11-01

One of the major challenges in high entropy alloy (HEA) research is to obtain single-phase solid solutions by proper selection of components and processing techniques. Often one encounters situations where topologically close-packed (TCP) phases are present in the HEA microstructures. TCP phases are a class of intermetallic phases that are in general considered undesirable. The ability to predict these phases in HEAs using the Calphad (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method has been shown to accelerate the identification of promising compositions. In this review, an analysis of the reported Calphad studies and corresponding microstructural information on HEAs is done to evaluate the success of the Calphad method for TCP phases. A total of 52 alloys with 123 post-heat treatment microstructures reported so far have been compared. Challenges and issues in experiments and calculations are brought out with a possible way forward.

Probing Chirality in Superfluid 3He-A: Free surface as an ideal boundary condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kono, Kimitoshi

2013-03-01

Superfluid 3He is known as a typical topological superfluid. A recent theoretical investigation suggests Majorana surface states at the free surface of superfluid 3He-B phase. On the other hand, superfluid 3He-A is known as a chiral superfluid. The scattering of quasiparticle from small object is predicted to be skew with respect to an anisotropy axis. We have developed an experimental technique to study transport properties of ions under the free surface of superfluid 3He. By using this technique, we can investigate interaction between elementary excitations in superfluid 3He and small objects under well-controlled conditions. For example, in 3He-B interaction with Majorana surface states, although no interaction is expected, will be investigated, whereas in 3He-A skew scattering of quasiparticle from electron bubbles will be probed. In this paper, we present the recent results of transport properties of electron bubbles trapped below the free surface of superfluid 3He. In particular, experimental evidences of the skew scattering and chirality of superfluid 3He-A will be presented. The skew scattering of quasiparticle in 3He-A from electron bubble results in a bubble transport analogous to the Hall effect, where the anisotropy vector of 3He-A behaves as if it was a magnetic field in the Hall effect. Under experimental conditions, the effect is observed as an analogue of edge magnetoplasmon effect. After the analysis of data, we obtained a reasonable qualitative agreement with the theory. This work is done in collaboration with Hiroki Ikegami.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, Zhaobing

Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high-entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V was synthesized by laser surface alloying. The coating is composed of a B2 matrix and (Co, Ni)Ti{sub 2} compounds with few β-Ti phases. Focused ion beam technique was utilized to prepare TEM sample and TEM observations agree well with XRD and SEM results. The formation of HEA phases is due to high temperature and rapid cooling rate during laser surface alloying. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH{sub mix}, ΔS{sub mix}and δ as well as Δχ, should be used to predict the formation of the BCC solid solution, but they are not the strict criteria. Especially whenmore » Δχ reaches a high value (≥ 10%), BCC HEA will be partially decomposed, leading to the formation of (Co, Ni)Ti{sub 2} compound phases. - Highlights: •Preparing HEA coating on Ti-6Al-4V by laser surface alloying is successful. •The synthesized HEA coating mainly consists of BCC HEA and (Co, Ni)Ti{sub 2} compounds. •FIB technology was used to prepare the sample for TEM analysis. • ΔH{sub mix}, ΔS{sub mix}and δ as well as Δχ, should be all used to predict the formation of solid solution.« less

Sc–Zr–Nb–Rh–Pd and Sc–Zr–Nb–Ta–Rh–Pd High-Entropy Alloy Superconductors on a CsCl-Type Lattice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stolze, Karoline; Tao, Jing; von Rohr, Fabian O.

We have synthesized previously unreported High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) in the pentanary (ScZrNb) 1-x[RhPd] x and hexanary (ScZrNbTa) 1-x[RhPd] x systems. The materials have CsCl-type structures and mixed site occupancies. Both HEAs are type-II superconductors with strongly varying critical temperatures (T cs) depending on the valence electron count (VEC); the T cs increase monotonically with decreasing VEC within each series, and do not follow the trends seen for either crystalline or amorphous transition metal superconductors. The (ScZrNb) 0.65[RhPd] 0.35 HEA with the highest T c, ~9.3 K, also exhibits the largest µ 0H c2(0) = 10.7 T. The pentanary and hexanarymore » HEAs have higher superconducting transition tempera-tures than their simple binary intermetallic relatives with the CsCl-type structure and a surprisingly ductile mechanical behavior. The presence of niobium, even at the 20% level, has a positive impact on the T c. Nevertheless, niobium-free (ScZr) 0.50[RhPd] 0.50, as mother-compound of both superconducting HEAs found here, is itself superconducting, proving that superconductivity is an intrinsic feature of the bulk material.« less

Understanding effect of 3.5 wt.% NaCl on the corrosion of Al0.1CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, N.; Fusco, M.; Komarasamy, M.; Mishra, R. S.; Bourham, M.; Murty, K. L.

2017-11-01

High entropy alloys are a new class of metallic materials with potential for use in a wide variety of applications including their use in corrosive environment. The present study focused on the corrosion behavior of a single-phase, face-centered cubic high entropy alloy (HEA) Al0.1CoCrFeNi in as-cast condition, and the results are compared with the corrosion behavior of the SS304. The microstructural characterization of the alloys in as-received condition was carried out using optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization test in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. It was observed that the general corrosion resistance of the HEA was better than that of SS304. Pitting potential of the HEA was found to be superior to that of the SS304. Corrosion pits size was slightly smaller in SS304 than that in the HEA. 3D imaging determined that the pit depths were of the same order in both cases. Overall, the HEA Al0.1CoCrFeNi demonstrated a better resistance to general and pitting corrosion.

Insights on the Cuprate High Energy Anomaly Observed in ARPES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moritz, Brian

2011-08-16

Recently, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has been used to highlight an anomalously large band renormalization at high binding energies in cuprate superconductors: the high energy 'waterfall' or high energy anomaly (HEA). The anomaly is present for both hole- and electron-doped cuprates as well as the half-filled parent insulators with different energy scales arising on either side of the phase diagram. While photoemission matrix elements clearly play a role in changing the aesthetic appearance of the band dispersion, i.e. creating a 'waterfall'-like appearance, they provide an inadequate description for the physics that underlies the strong band renormalization giving rise to the HEA.more » Model calculations of the single-band Hubbard Hamiltonian showcase the role played by correlations in the formation of the HEA and uncover significant differences in the HEA energy scale for hole- and electron-doped cuprates. In addition, this approach properly captures the transfer of spectral weight accompanying doping in a correlated material and provides a unifying description of the HEA across both sides of the cuprate phase diagram. We find that the anomaly demarcates a transition, or cross-over, from a quasiparticle band at low binding energies near the Fermi level to valence bands at higher binding energy, assumed to be of strong oxygen character.« less

Sc–Zr–Nb–Rh–Pd and Sc–Zr–Nb–Ta–Rh–Pd High-Entropy Alloy Superconductors on a CsCl-Type Lattice

DOE PAGES

Stolze, Karoline; Tao, Jing; von Rohr, Fabian O.; ...

2018-01-17

We have synthesized previously unreported High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) in the pentanary (ScZrNb) 1-x[RhPd] x and hexanary (ScZrNbTa) 1-x[RhPd] x systems. The materials have CsCl-type structures and mixed site occupancies. Both HEAs are type-II superconductors with strongly varying critical temperatures (T cs) depending on the valence electron count (VEC); the T cs increase monotonically with decreasing VEC within each series, and do not follow the trends seen for either crystalline or amorphous transition metal superconductors. The (ScZrNb) 0.65[RhPd] 0.35 HEA with the highest T c, ~9.3 K, also exhibits the largest µ 0H c2(0) = 10.7 T. The pentanary and hexanarymore » HEAs have higher superconducting transition tempera-tures than their simple binary intermetallic relatives with the CsCl-type structure and a surprisingly ductile mechanical behavior. The presence of niobium, even at the 20% level, has a positive impact on the T c. Nevertheless, niobium-free (ScZr) 0.50[RhPd] 0.50, as mother-compound of both superconducting HEAs found here, is itself superconducting, proving that superconductivity is an intrinsic feature of the bulk material.« less

Alloying Behavior and Properties of FeSiBAlNiCo x High Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wen; Li, Boyu; Zhai, Sicheng; Xu, Juan; Niu, Zuozhe; Xu, Jing; Wang, Yan

2018-02-01

In this paper, FeSiBAlNiCo x (x = 0.2, 0.8) high-entropy alloy (HEA) powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying process, and the powders milled for 140 h were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The microstructures and properties of as-milled powders and as-sintered samples were investigated. The results reveal that the final milling products (140 h) of both sample powders present the fully amorphous structure. The increased Co contents obviously enhance the glass forming ability and thermal stability of amorphous HEA powders, which are reflected by the shorter formation time of fully amorphous phase and the higher onset crystallization temperature, respectively. According to coercivity, the as-milled FeSiBAlNiCo x (x = 0.2, 0.8) powders (140 h) are the semi-hard magnetic materials. FeSiBAlNiCo0.8 HEA powders possess the highest saturation magnetization and largest remanence ratio. The SPS-ed products of both bulk HEAs are composed of body-centered cubic solid solution, and FeSi and FeB intermetallic phases. They possess the high relative density above 97% and excellent microhardness exceeding 1150 HV. The as-sintered bulks undergo the remarkable increase in saturation magnetization compared with the as-milled state. The SPS-ed FeSiBAlNiCo0.8 HEA exhibits the soft magnetic properties. The electrochemical corrosion test is carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution. The SPS-ed FeSiBAlNiCo0.2 HEA reveals the better passivity with low passive current density, and the higher pitting resistance with wide passive region.

Monoclonal antibodies to hyphal exoantigens derived from the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus terreus.

PubMed

Nayak, Ajay P; Green, Brett J; Janotka, Erika; Hettick, Justin M; Friend, Sherri; Vesper, Steve J; Schmechel, Detlef; Beezhold, Donald H

2011-09-01

Aspergillus terreus has been difficult to identify in cases of aspergillosis, and clinical identification has been restricted to the broad identification of aspergillosis lesions in affected organs or the detection of fungal carbohydrates. As a result, there is a clinical need to identify species-specific biomarkers that can be used to detect invasive A. terreus disease. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed to a partially purified preparation of cytolytic hyphal exoantigens (HEA) derived from A. terreus culture supernatant (CSN). Twenty-three IgG1 isotype murine MAbs were developed and tested for cross-reactivity against hyphal extracts of 54 fungal species. Sixteen MAbs were shown to be specific for A. terreus. HEA were detected in conidia, hyphae, and in CSN of A. terreus. HEA were expressed in high levels in the hyphae during early stages of A. terreus growth at 37°C, whereas at room temperature the expression of HEA peaked by days 4 to 5. Expression kinetics of HEA in CSN showed a lag, with peak levels at later time points at room temperature and 37°C than in hyphal extracts. Serum spiking experiments demonstrated that human serum components do not inhibit detection of the HEA epitopes by MAb enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis demonstrated that MAbs 13E11 and 12C4 immunoprecipitated a putative uncharacterized leucine aminopeptidase (Q0CAZ7), while MAb 19B2 recognized a putative dipeptidyl-peptidase V (DPP5). Studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the uncharacterized leucine aminopeptidase mostly localized to extracellular matrix structures while dipeptidyl-peptidase V was mostly confined to the cytoplasm.

Monoclonal Antibodies to Hyphal Exoantigens Derived from the Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus terreus ▿

PubMed Central

Nayak, Ajay P.; Green, Brett J.; Janotka, Erika; Hettick, Justin M.; Friend, Sherri; Vesper, Steve J.; Schmechel, Detlef; Beezhold, Donald H.

2011-01-01

Aspergillus terreus has been difficult to identify in cases of aspergillosis, and clinical identification has been restricted to the broad identification of aspergillosis lesions in affected organs or the detection of fungal carbohydrates. As a result, there is a clinical need to identify species-specific biomarkers that can be used to detect invasive A. terreus disease. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed to a partially purified preparation of cytolytic hyphal exoantigens (HEA) derived from A. terreus culture supernatant (CSN). Twenty-three IgG1 isotype murine MAbs were developed and tested for cross-reactivity against hyphal extracts of 54 fungal species. Sixteen MAbs were shown to be specific for A. terreus. HEA were detected in conidia, hyphae, and in CSN of A. terreus. HEA were expressed in high levels in the hyphae during early stages of A. terreus growth at 37°C, whereas at room temperature the expression of HEA peaked by days 4 to 5. Expression kinetics of HEA in CSN showed a lag, with peak levels at later time points at room temperature and 37°C than in hyphal extracts. Serum spiking experiments demonstrated that human serum components do not inhibit detection of the HEA epitopes by MAb enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis demonstrated that MAbs 13E11 and 12C4 immunoprecipitated a putative uncharacterized leucine aminopeptidase (Q0CAZ7), while MAb 19B2 recognized a putative dipeptidyl-peptidase V (DPP5). Studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the uncharacterized leucine aminopeptidase mostly localized to extracellular matrix structures while dipeptidyl-peptidase V was mostly confined to the cytoplasm. PMID:21734068

34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

Passports into Dominant Society: An Examination of GEAR UP Cultural and Social Capital Experiences on Student Trajectories and College Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyka, Marisa

2013-01-01

The research study examined a university GEAR UP program in order to gain a better understanding of HEA's progress in providing at-risk students from high poverty families with mentoring, counseling, outreach, and supportive services to both students and their parents. Case study was used to examine implementation of the government funded…

High-entropy Alloys with High Saturation Magnetization, Electrical Resistivity, and Malleability

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yong; Zuo, TingTing; Cheng, YongQiang; Liaw, Peter K.

2013-01-01

Soft magnetic materials (SMMs) find important applications in a number of areas. The diverse requirements for these applications are often demanding and challenging for the design and fabrication of SMMs. Here we report a new class of FeCoNi(AlSi)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 in molar ratio) SMMs based on high-entropy alloys (HEAs). It is found that with the compositional and structural changes, the optimal balance of magnetic, electrical, and mechanical properties is achieved at x = 0.2, for which the combination of saturation magnetization (1.15 T), coercivity (1,400 A/m), electrical resistivity (69.5 μΩ·cm), yield strength (342 MPa), and strain without fracture (50%) makes the alloy an excellent SMM. Ab initio calculations are used to explain the high magnetic saturation of the present HEAs and the effects of compositional structures on magnetic characteristics. The HEA-based SMMs point to new directions in both the application of HEAs and the search for novel SMMs. PMID:23492734

Understanding phase stability of Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high entropy alloys

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Fan; Diao, Haoyan; ...

2016-07-19

The concept of high entropy alloy (HEA) opens a vast unexplored composition range for alloy design. As a well-studied system, Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni has attracted tremendous amount of attention to develop new-generation low-density structural materials for automobile and aerospace applications. In spite of intensive investigations in the past few years, the phase stability within this HEA system is still poorly understood and needs to be clarified, which poses obstacles to the discovery of promising Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEAs. In the present work, the CALPHAD approach is employed to understand the phase stability and explore the phase transformation within the Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system. As a result,more » the phase-stability mapping coupled with density contours is then constructed within the composition - temperature space, which provides useful guidelines for the design of low-density Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEAs with desirable properties.« less

A Promising New Class of High-Temperature Alloys: Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys

PubMed Central

Lu, Yiping; Dong, Yong; Guo, Sheng; Jiang, Li; Kang, Huijun; Wang, Tongmin; Wen, Bin; Wang, Zhijun; Jie, Jinchuan; Cao, Zhiqiang; Ruan, Haihui; Li, Tingju

2014-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) can have either high strength or high ductility, and a simultaneous achievement of both still constitutes a tough challenge. The inferior castability and compositional segregation of HEAs are also obstacles for their technological applications. To tackle these problems, here we proposed a novel strategy to design HEAs using the eutectic alloy concept, i.e. to achieve a microstructure composed of alternating soft fcc and hard bcc phases. As a manifestation of this concept, an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 (atomic portion) eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) was designed. The as-cast EHEA possessed a fine lamellar fcc/B2 microstructure, and showed an unprecedented combination of high tensile ductility and high fracture strength at room temperature. The excellent mechanical properties could be kept up to 700°C. This new alloy design strategy can be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production of HEAs with simultaneous high fracture strength and high ductility. PMID:25160691

Understanding phase stability of Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high entropy alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Fan; Diao, Haoyan

The concept of high entropy alloy (HEA) opens a vast unexplored composition range for alloy design. As a well-studied system, Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni has attracted tremendous amount of attention to develop new-generation low-density structural materials for automobile and aerospace applications. In spite of intensive investigations in the past few years, the phase stability within this HEA system is still poorly understood and needs to be clarified, which poses obstacles to the discovery of promising Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEAs. In the present work, the CALPHAD approach is employed to understand the phase stability and explore the phase transformation within the Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system. As a result,more » the phase-stability mapping coupled with density contours is then constructed within the composition - temperature space, which provides useful guidelines for the design of low-density Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEAs with desirable properties.« less

Deep Drawing Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bae, Jae Wung; Moon, Jongun; Jang, Min Ji; Ahn, Dong-Hyun; Joo, Soo-Hyun; Jung, Jaimyun; Yim, Dami; Kim, Hyoung Seop

2017-09-01

Herein, the deep drawability and deep drawing behavior of an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA and its microstructure and texture evolution are first studied for future applications. The CoCrFeMnNi HEA is successfully drawn to a limit drawing ratio (LDR) of 2.14, while the planar anisotropy of the drawn cup specimen is negligible. The moderate combination of strain hardening exponent and strain rate sensitivity and the formation of deformation twins in the edge region play important roles in successful deep drawing. In the meanwhile, the texture evolution of CoCrFeMnNi HEA has similarities with conventional fcc metals.

Interactive effect of high environmental ammonia and nutritional status on ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to reduced seawater salinities.

PubMed

Sinha, Amit Kumar; Rasoloniriana, Rindra; Dasan, Antony Franklin; Pipralia, Nitin; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2015-03-01

We investigated the interactive effect of ammonia toxicity, salinity challenge and nutritional status on the ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were progressively acclimated to normal seawater (32ppt), to brackish water (20ppt and 10ppt) and to hyposaline water (2.5ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20mg/L ∼1.18mM representing 50% of 96h LC50 value for ammonia) for 12h, 48h, 84h and 180h, and were either fed (2% body weight) or fasted (unfed for 7 days prior to HEA exposure). Biochemical responses such as ammonia (Jamm) and urea excretion rate, plasma ammonia, urea and lactate, plasma ions (Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+)) and osmolality, muscle water content (MWC) and liver and muscle energy budget (glycogen, lipid and protein), as well as branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) and H(+)-ATPase activity, and branchial mRNA expression of NKA and Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) were investigated in order to understand metabolic and ion- osmoregulatory consequences of the experimental conditions. During HEA, Jamm was inhibited in fasted fish at 10ppt, while fed fish were still able to excrete efficiently. At 2.5ppt, both feeding groups subjected to HEA experienced severe reductions and eventually a reversion in Jamm. Overall, the build-up of plasma ammonia in HEA exposed fed fish was much lower than fasted ones. Unlike fasted fish, fed fish acclimated to lower salinities (10ppt-2.5ppt) could maintain plasma osmolality, [Na(+)], [Cl(-)] and MWC during HEA exposure. Thus fed fish were able to sustain ion-osmotic homeostasis which was associated with a more pronounced up-regulation in NKA expression and activity. At 2.5ppt both feeding groups activated H(+)-ATPase. The expression of NKCC1 was down-regulated at lower salinities in both fed and fasted fish, but was upregulated within each salinity after a few days of HEA exposure. Though an increment in plasma lactate content and a decline in energy stores were noted for both feeding regimes, the effect was more severe in feed deprived fish. Overall, several different physiological processes were disturbed in fasted sea bass during HEA exposure while feeding alleviated adverse effects of high ammonia and salinity challenge. This suggests that low food availability can render fish more vulnerable to external ammonia, especially at reduced seawater salinities. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A study on the nature of interactions of mixed-mode ligands HEA and PPA HyperCel using phenylglyoxal modified lysozyme.

PubMed

Pezzini, J; Cabanne, C; Dupuy, J-W; Gantier, R; Santarelli, X

2014-06-01

Mixed mode chromatography, or multimodal chromatography, involves the exploitation of combinations of several interactions in a controlled manner, to facilitate the rapid capture of proteins. Mixed-mode ligands like HEA and PPA HyperCel™ facilitate different kinds of interactions (hydrophobic, ionic, etc.) under different conditions. In order to better characterize the nature of this multi-modal interaction, we sought to study a protein, lysozyme, which is normally not retained by these mixed mode resins under normal binding conditions. Lysozyme was modified specifically at Arginine residues by the action of phenylglyoxal, and was extensively studied in this work to better characterize the mixed-mode interactions of HEA HyperCel™ and PPA HyperCel™ chromatographic supports. We show here that the adsorption behaviour of lysozyme on HEA and PPA HyperCel™ mixed mode sorbents varies depending on the degree of charge modification at the surface of the protein. Experiments using conventional cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography confirm that both charge and hydrophobicity modification occurs at the surface of the protein after lysozyme reaction with phenylglyoxal. The results emanating from this work using HEA and PPA HyperCel sorbents strongly suggest that mixed mode chromatography can efficiently separate closely related proteins of only minor surface charge and/or hydrophobicity differences. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Precipitation behavior of AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys under ion irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Tengfei; Xia, Songqin; Liu, Shi; Wang, Chenxu; Liu, Shaoshuai; Fang, Yuan; Zhang, Yong; Xue, Jianming; Yan, Sha; Wang, Yugang

2016-08-01

Materials performance is central to the satisfactory operation of current and future nuclear energy systems due to the severe irradiation environment in reactors. Searching for structural materials with excellent irradiation tolerance is crucial for developing the next generation nuclear reactors. Here, we report the irradiation responses of a novel multi-component alloy system, high entropy alloy (HEA) AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0.1, 0.75 and 1.5), focusing on their precipitation behavior. It is found that the single phase system, Al0.1CoCrFeNi, exhibits a great phase stability against ion irradiation. No precipitate is observed even at the highest fluence. In contrast, numerous coherent precipitates are present in both multi-phase HEAs. Based on the irradiation-induced/enhanced precipitation theory, the excellent structural stability against precipitation of Al0.1CoCrFeNi is attributed to the high configurational entropy and low atomic diffusion, which reduces the thermodynamic driving force and kinetically restrains the formation of precipitate, respectively. For the multiphase HEAs, the phase separations and formation of ordered phases reduce the system configurational entropy, resulting in the similar precipitation behavior with corresponding binary or ternary conventional alloys. This study demonstrates the structural stability of single-phase HEAs under irradiation and provides important implications for searching for HEAs with higher irradiation tolerance.

The HEPI-HEA Student Academic Experience Survey 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soilemetzidis, Ioannis; Bennett, Paul; Buckley, Alex; Hillman, Nick; Stoakes, Geoff

2014-01-01

This survey continues a series of similar surveys conducted for the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) since 2006; this year it's been done in partnership with the HEA. It investigates the learning and teaching experiences of students, including: (1) satisfaction with courses; (2) reasons for dissatisfaction; (3) experience of…

High-entropy alloys in hexagonal close-packed structure

DOE PAGES

Gao, Michael C.; Zhang, B.; Guo, S. M.; ...

2015-08-28

The microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) based on the face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic structures have been studied extensively in the literature, but reports on HEAs in the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure are very limited. Using an efficient strategy in combining phase diagram inspection, CALPHAD modeling, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, a variety of new compositions are suggested that may hold great potentials in forming single-phase HCP HEAs that comprise rare earth elements and transition metals, respectively. Lastly, experimental verification was carried out on CoFeReRu and CoReRuV using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy.

Mechanical properties and XRD of Nafion modified by 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garaev, V.; Pavlovica, S.; Reinholds, I.; Vaivars, G.

2013-12-01

In this work, the Nafion 112 membrane impregnated with 2-hydroxyethylammonium carboxylate ionic liquids have been investigated. The used ionic liquids were 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate [HEA]F, acetate [HEA]A and lactate [HEA]L. Prepared composite membranes Nafion/ionic liquid are characterized by mechanical testing, such as tensile test and creep test. It is found that ionic liquids decrease elastic modulus and creep compliance, but do not have significant effect on the tensile strength. Also, composite membranes were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction. All ionic liquids shift the peak maximum to the lower angle. In this work, only biodegradable ionic liquids were used for composite preparation.

77 FR 58111 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review; Office of Postsecondary Education; Higher Education Act (HEA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

...; Higher Education Act (HEA) Title II Report Cards on State Teacher Credentialing and Preparation SUMMARY: The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA) calls for annual reports from states and institutions of higher education (IHEs) on the quality of teacher preparation and state teacher certification...

Manipulation of σ{sub y}/κ ratio in single phase FCC solid-solutions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, J. I.; Oh, H. S.; Park, E. S., E-mail: espark@snu.ac.kr

2016-08-08

We investigate how to manipulate the ratio between thermal conductivity (κ) and yield strength (σ{sub y}) in face-centered cubic solid-solutions by varying the number of principal elements (NPEs) and temperature. The influence of NPEs on κ and its electronic (κ{sub e}) and lattice (κ{sub l}) contribution is evaluated using the Wiedemann–Franz law. Positive Δκ/ΔT and the highest κ{sub l}/κ{sub e} ratio in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can be understood by considering severe lattice distortion and compositional complexity. Among the solid-solutions from Ni to quinary alloys, the NiCoFeCrMn HEA exhibits the lowest κ. However, σ{sub y} increases with increasing NPEs and decreasingmore » temperature. Thus, the NiCoFeCrMn HEA exhibits the highest σ{sub y}/κ ratio, higher than those of representative cryogenic alloys, which can be distinctively increased with a decrease in temperature. These results would give us a guideline on how to manipulate properties using HEA design concept in order to develop idealized cryogenic materials.« less

Isoelectronic substitutions and aluminium alloying in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

von Rohr, Fabian O.; Cava, Robert J.

2018-03-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials constructed from multiple principal elements statistically arranged on simple crystallographic lattices. Due to the large amount of disorder present, they are excellent model systems for investigating the properties of materials intermediate between crystalline and amorphous states. Here we report the effects of systematic isoelectronic replacements, using Mo-Y, Mo-Sc, and Cr-Sc mixtures, for the valence electron count 4 and 5 elements in the body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Zr-Hf-Ti high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor. We find that the superconducting transition temperature Tc strongly depends on the elemental makeup of the alloy, and not exclusively its electron count. The replacement of niobium or tantalum by an isoelectronic mixture lowers the transition temperature by more than 60%, while the isoelectronic replacement of hafnium, zirconium, or titanium has a limited impact on Tc. We further explore the alloying of aluminium into the nearly optimal electron count [TaNb] 0.67(ZrHfTi) 0.33 HEA superconductor. The electron count dependence of the superconducting Tc for (HEA)Al x is found to be more crystallinelike than for the [TaNb] 1 -x(ZrHfTi) x HEA solid solution. For an aluminum content of x =0.4 the high-entropy stabilization of the simple BCC lattice breaks down. This material crystallizes in the tetragonal β -uranium structure type and superconductivity is not observed above 1.8 K.

Compensatory responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: additional effects of feeding and exercise.

PubMed

Diricx, Marjan; Sinha, Amit Kumar; Liew, Hon Jung; Mauro, Nathalie; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2013-10-15

Ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. The toxic effects of ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and swimming. In this study, we wanted to examine these modulating effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (unfed for seven days prior to the sampling), and swimming at a sustainable, routine swimming speed or swum to exhaustion, while being exposed chronically (up to 28 days) to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 1 mg/L ~58.8 μmol/L as NH4Cl at pH 7.9). Swimming performance (critical swimming speed, Ucrit) and metabolic responses such as oxygen consumption rate (MO2), ammonia excretion rate (Jamm), ammonia quotient, liver and muscle energy budget (glycogen, lipid and protein), plasma ammonia and lactate, as well as plasma ion concentrations (Na(+), Cl(-), K(+) and Ca(2+)) were investigated in order to understand metabolic and iono-regulatory consequences of the experimental conditions. Cortisol plays an important role in stress and in both the regulation of energy and the ion homeostasis; therefore plasma cortisol was measured. Results show that during HEA, Jamm was elevated to a larger extent in fed fish and they were able to excrete much more efficiently than the starved fish. Consequently, the build-up of ammonia in plasma of HEA exposed fed fish was much slower. MO2 increased considerably in fed fish after exposure to HEA and was further intensified during exercise. During exposure to HEA, the level of cortisol in plasma augmented in both the feeding regimes, but the effect of HEA was more pronounced in starved fish. Energy stores dropped for both fed and the starved fish with the progression of the exposure period and further declined when swimming to exhaustion. Overall, fed fish were less affected by HEA than starved fish, and although exercise exacerbated the toxic effect in both feeding treatments, this was more pronounced in starved fish. This suggests that fish become more vulnerable to external ammonia during exercise, and feeding protects the fish against the adverse effects of high ammonia and exercise. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reauthorization Ready: How NASFAA Influences the Higher Education Policymaking Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClean Coval, Megan

2015-01-01

The Higher Education Act (HEA) is due to be reauthorized by Congress and the higher education policy community is working hard to be a part of those efforts. The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA) plays a unique role in this process, as the HEA contains the legislation behind all of the federal student financial…

Faculty Development in Teaching and Learning: The UK Framework and Current Debates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hibbert, Paul; Semler, Mirko

2016-01-01

Following the publication of a recent report, commissioned by the Higher Education Academy (HEA) and conducted by Staff and Educational Developers Association, this short paper considers the HEA UK Professional Standards Framework in the UK Higher Education Sector, in the context of recent and continuing debates about how best to support faculty…

Polycrystalline elastic moduli of a high-entropy alloy at cryogenic temperatures

DOE PAGES

Haglund, A.; Koehler, M.; Catoor, D.; ...

2014-12-05

A FCC high-entropy alloy (HEA) that exhibits strong temperature dependence of strength at low homologous temperatures in sharp contrast to pure FCC metals like Ni that show weak temperature dependence is CrMnCoFeNi. In order to understand this behavior, elastic constants were determined as a function of temperature. From 300 K down to 55 K, the shear modulus (G) of the HEA changes by only 8%, increasing from 80 to 86 GPa. Moreover, this temperature dependence is weaker than that of FCC Ni, whose G increases by 12% (81–91 GPa). Therefore, the uncharacteristic temperature-dependence of the strength of the HEA ismore » not due to the temperature dependence of its shear modulus.« less

The Science of Enhanced Student Engagement and Employability: Introducing the Psychology Stream of the Inaugural HEA STEM Conference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hulme, Julie; Taylor, Jacqui; Davies, Mark N. O.; Banister, Peter

2012-01-01

The Higher Education Academy (HEA) is committed to enhancing the quality of learning and teaching for all university students in the UK, and the inaugural conference for the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects, held in April 2012 at Imperial College, London, aimed to showcase research and evidence-based educational…

Assessment and Feedback in Higher Education: A Review of Literature for the Higher Education Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackel, Brad; Pearce, Jacob; Radloff, Ali; Edwards, Daniel

2017-01-01

This literature review has been undertaken for the Higher Education Academy (HEA). It explores recent scholarly contributions in the area of assessment and feedback in higher education (HE). As outlined in the HEA's terms of reference for this work, the contents of this review are designed to "help practitioners, policy makers and researchers…

Understanding the physical metallurgy of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy: an atomistic simulation study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Won-Mi; Jo, Yong Hee; Sohn, Seok Su; Lee, Sunghak; Lee, Byeong-Joo

2018-01-01

Although high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting interest, the physical metallurgical mechanisms related to their properties have mostly not been clarified, and this limits wider industrial applications, in addition to the high alloy costs. We clarify the physical metallurgical reasons for the materials phenomena (sluggish diffusion and micro-twining at cryogenic temperatures) and investigate the effect of individual elements on solid solution hardening for the equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA based on atomistic simulations (Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics and molecular statics). A significant number of stable vacant lattice sites with high migration energy barriers exists and is thought to cause the sluggish diffusion. We predict that the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure is more stable than the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure at 0 K, which we propose as the fundamental reason for the micro-twinning at cryogenic temperatures. The alloying effect on the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is well predicted by the atomistic simulation, used for a design of non-equiatomic fcc HEAs with improved strength, and is experimentally verified. This study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed atomistic approach combined with a thermodynamic calculation technique to a computational design of advanced HEAs.

34 CFR 694.15 - May a Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May a Partnership that does not award scholarships... Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part of a GEAR UP... that does not participate in the GEAR UP scholarship component may provide financial assistance for...

34 CFR 694.15 - May a Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May a Partnership that does not award scholarships... Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part of a GEAR UP... that does not participate in the GEAR UP scholarship component may provide financial assistance for...

34 CFR 694.15 - May a Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false May a Partnership that does not award scholarships... Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part of a GEAR UP... that does not participate in the GEAR UP scholarship component may provide financial assistance for...

34 CFR 694.15 - May a Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May a Partnership that does not award scholarships... Partnership that does not award scholarships under section 404E of the HEA provide, as part of a GEAR UP... that does not participate in the GEAR UP scholarship component may provide financial assistance for...

Folate Receptor Targeted Polymeric Micellar Nanocarriers for Delivery of Orlistat as a Repurposed Drug against Triple Negative Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Paulmurugan, Ramasamy; Bhethanabotla, Rohith; Mishra, Kaushik; Devulapally, Rammohan; Foygel, Kira; Sekar, Thillai V; Ananta, Jeyarama S; Massoud, Tarik F; Joy, Abraham

2015-01-01

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with no available targeted therapy. Off target effects and poor bioavailability of the FDA approved anti-obesity drug orlistat hinder its clinical translation as a repurposed new drug against TNBC. Here we demonstrate a newly engineered drug formulation for packaging orlistat tailored to TNBC treatment. We synthesized TNBC-specific folate receptor targeted micellar nanoparticles (NPs) carrying orlistat, which improved the solubility (70-80 μg/ml) of this water insoluble drug. The targeted NPs also improved the delivery and bioavailability of orlistat to MDA-MB-231 cells in culture and to tumor xenografts in nude mouse model. We prepared HEA-EHA copolymer micellar NPs by copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) and 2-ethylhexylacrylate (EHA), and functionalized them with folic acid and an imaging dye. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of TNBC cells indicated a dose dependent increase in apoptotic populations in cells treated with free orlistat, orlistat NPs, and folate-receptor targeted Fol-HEA-EHA-orlistat NPs in which Fol-HEA-EHA-orlistat NPs showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than free orlistat. In vitro analysis data demonstrated significant apoptosis at nanomolar concentrations in cells activated through caspase 3 and PARP inhibition. In vivo analysis demonstrated significant antitumor effects in living mice after targeted treatment of tumors, and confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Moreover, Folate receptor targeted Fol-DyLight747-orlistat NPs treated mice exhibited significantly higher reduction in tumor volume compared to control group. Taken together, these results indicate that orlistat packaged in HEA-b-EHA micellar NPs is a highly promising new drug formulation for TNBC therapy. PMID:26553061

Nanoindentation testing as a powerful screening tool for assessing phase stability of nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys

DOE PAGES

Maier-Kiener, Verena; Schuh, Benjamin; George, Easo P.; ...

2016-11-19

The equiatomic high-entropy alloy (HEA), CrMnFeCoNi, has recently been shown to be microstructurally unstable, resulting in a multi-phase microstructure after intermediate-temperature annealing treatments. The decomposition occurs rapidly in the nanocrystalline (NC) state and after longer annealing times in coarse-grained states. To characterize the mechanical properties of differently annealed NC states containing multiple phases, nanoindentation was used in this paper. The results revealed besides drastic changes in hardness, also for the first time significant changes in the Young's modulus and strain rate sensitivity. Finally, nanoindentation of NC HEAs is, therefore, a useful complementary screening tool with high potential as a highmore » throughput approach to detect phase decomposition, which can also be used to qualitatively predict the long-term stability of single-phase HEAs.« less

A Time Study of Plastic Surgery Residents.

PubMed

Lau, Frank H; Sinha, Indranil; Jiang, Wei; Lipsitz, Stuart R; Eriksson, Elof

2016-05-01

Resident work hours are under scrutiny and have been subject to multiple restrictions. The studies supporting these changes have not included data on surgical residents. We studied the workday of a team of plastic surgery residents to establish prospective time-study data of plastic surgery (PRS) residents at a single tertiary-care academic medical center. Five trained research assistants observed all residents (n = 8) on a PRS service for 10 weeks and produced minute-by-minute activity logs. Data collection began when the team first met in the morning and continued until the resident being followed completed all non-call activities. We analyzed our data from 3 perspectives: 1) time spent in direct patient care (DPC), indirect patient care, and didactic activities; 2) time spent in high education-value activities (HEAs) versus low education-value activities; and 3) resident efficiency. We defined HEAs as activities that surgeons must master; other activities were LEAs. We quantified resident efficiency in terms of time fragmentation and time spent waiting. A total of 642.4 hours of data across 50 workdays were collected. Excluding call, residents worked an average of 64.2 hours per week. Approximately 50.7% of surgical resident time was allotted to DPC, with surgery accounting for the largest segment of this time (34.8%). Time spent on HEAs demonstrated trended upward with higher resident level (P = 0.086). Time in spent in surgery was significantly associated with higher resident levels (P < 0.0001); 57.7% of activities require 4 minutes or less, suggesting that resident work was highly fragmented. Residents spent 10.7% of their workdays waiting for other services. In this first-time study of PRS residents, we found that compared with medicine trainees, surgical residents spent 3.23 times more time on DPC. High education-value activities comprised most of our residents' workdays. Surgery was the leading component of both DPC and HEAs. Our residents were highly efficient and fragmented, with the majority of all activities requiring 4 minutes or less. Residents spent a large portion of their time waiting for other services. In light of these data, we suggest that future changes to residency programs be pilot tested, with preimplantation and postimplementation time studies performed to quantify the changes' impact.

Individual Differences in Attentional Flexibility.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-05-15

L A CADEMY ANNAPOLIS , MD 21*02 CDR PAUL NELSON NAVAL MEDICAL R& D COMMAND 1 Mr. Arnold I. Rubinstein CODE 1s14 Human Resoureces Program Manager...ARMY RESE AR CH iNSTITUTE Hea d Human Factors Engineering Div. 5001 EISENHOWER AVENUE Naval Air Development Center ALEXANDRI A , VA 22~~ 3 W~ rm inst...WEDNESDA Y, MAY 3, 1978 09:53 :0O—PDT PAGE 14 Army Air Force Dr. Joseph Ward 1 Air Force Human Resources Lab U.S. Army Research Institute AFHRL/PED 5001

Local Structures of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) on Atomic Scales: An Overview

DOE PAGES

Diao, Haoyan; Santodonato, Louis J.; Tang, Zhi; ...

2015-08-29

The high-entropy alloys (HEAs), containing several elements mixed in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios, have shown exceptional engineering properties. Local structures on atomic level are essential to understand the mechanical behaviors and related mechanisms. In this paper, the local structure and stress on the atomic level are reviewed by the pair-distribution function (PDF) of neutron-diffraction data, ab-initio-molecular-dynamics (AIMD) simulations, and atomic-probe microscopy (APT).

Hemp-Fiber-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites: Optimization of Processing and Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qui, Renhui; Ren, Xiaofeng; Fifield, Leonard S.

2011-02-25

The processing variables for making hemp-fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites were optimized through orthogonal experiments. It was found that the usage of initiator, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, had the most significant effect on the tensile strength of the composites. The treatment of hemp fibers with a combination of 1, 6-diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2-hydroxylethyl acrylate (HEA) significantly increased tensile strength, flexural modulus of rupture and flexural modulus of elasticity, and water resistance of the resulting hemp-UPE composites. FTIR spectra revealed that DIH and HEA were covalently bonded to hemp fibers. Scanning electronic microscopy graphs of the fractured hemp-UPE composites demonstrated thatmore » treatment of hemp fibers with a combination of DIH and HEA greatly improved the interfacial adhesion between hemp fibers and UPE. The mechanism of improving the interfacial adhesion is proposed.« less

Sliding friction and wear behavior of high entropy alloys at room and elevated temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadhim, Dheyaa

Structure-tribological property relations have been studied for five high entropy alloys (HEAs). Microhardness, room and elevated (100°C and 300°C) temperature sliding friction coefficients and wear rates were determined for five HEAs: Co0.5 Cr Cu0.5 Fe Ni1.5 Al Ti0.4; Co Cr Fe Ni Al0.25 Ti0.75; Ti V Nb Cr Al; Al0.3CoCrFeNi; and Al0.3CuCrFeNi2. Wear surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy to determine the wear mechanisms and tribochemical phases, respectively. It was determined that the two HEAs Co0.5 Cr Cu0.5 Fe Ni1.5 Al Ti0.4 and Ti V Nb Cr Al exhibit an excellent balance of high hardness, low friction coefficients and wear rates compared to 440C stainless steel, a currently used bearing steel. This was attributed to their more ductile body centered cubic (BCC) solid solution phase along with the formation of tribochemical Cr oxide and Nb oxide phases, respectively, in the wear surfaces. This study provides guidelines for fabricating novel, low-friction, and wear-resistant HEAs for potential use at room and elevated temperatures, which will help reduce energy and material losses in friction and wear applications.

Effect of Mesoscale and Multiscale Modeling on the Performance of Kevlar Woven Fabric Subjected to Ballistic Impact: A Numerical Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Xin; Huang, Zhengxiang; Zu, Xudong; Gu, Xiaohui; Xiao, Qiangqiang

2013-12-01

In this study, an optimal finite element model of Kevlar woven fabric that is more computational efficient compared with existing models was developed to simulate ballistic impact onto fabric. Kevlar woven fabric was modeled to yarn level architecture by using the hybrid elements analysis (HEA), which uses solid elements in modeling the yarns at the impact region and uses shell elements in modeling the yarns away from the impact region. Three HEA configurations were constructed, in which the solid element region was set as about one, two, and three times that of the projectile's diameter with impact velocities of 30 m/s (non-perforation case) and 200 m/s (perforation case) to determine the optimal ratio between the solid element region and the shell element region. To further reduce computational time and to maintain the necessary accuracy, three multiscale models were presented also. These multiscale models combine the local region with the yarn level architecture by using the HEA approach and the global region with homogenous level architecture. The effect of the varying ratios of the local and global area on the ballistic performance of fabric was discussed. The deformation and damage mechanisms of fabric were analyzed and compared among numerical models. Simulation results indicate that the multiscale model based on HEA accurately reproduces the baseline results and obviously decreases computational time.

Perspectives for integrating human and environmental exposure assessments.

PubMed

Ciffroy, P; Péry, A R R; Roth, N

2016-10-15

Integrated Risk Assessment (IRA) has been defined by the EU FP7 HEROIC Coordination action as "the mutual exploitation of Environmental Risk Assessment for Human Health Risk Assessment and vice versa in order to coherently and more efficiently characterize an overall risk to humans and the environment for better informing the risk analysis process" (Wilks et al., 2015). Since exposure assessment and hazard characterization are the pillars of risk assessment, integrating Environmental Exposure assessment (EEA) and Human Exposure assessment (HEA) is a major component of an IRA framework. EEA and HEA typically pursue different targets, protection goals and timeframe. However, human and wildlife species also share the same environment and they similarly inhale air and ingest water and food through often similar overlapping pathways of exposure. Fate models used in EEA and HEA to predict the chemicals distribution among physical and biological media are essentially based on common properties of chemicals, and internal concentration estimations are largely based on inter-species (i.e. biota-to-human) extrapolations. Also, both EEA and HEA are challenged by increasing scientific complexity and resources constraints. Altogether, these points create the need for a better exploitation of all currently existing data, experimental approaches and modeling tools and it is assumed that a more integrated approach of both EEA and HEA may be part of the solution. Based on the outcome of an Expert Workshop on Extrapolations in Integrated Exposure Assessment organized by the HEROIC project in January 2014, this paper identifies perspectives and recommendations to better harmonize and extrapolate exposure assessment data, models and methods between Human Health and Environmental Risk Assessments to support the further development and promotion of the concept of IRA. Ultimately, these recommendations may feed into guidance showing when and how to apply IRA in the regulatory decision-making process for chemicals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fuel Properties Effect on the Performance of a Small High Temperature Rise Combustor

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

Center Cleveland, Ohio and DTIC S h cELECTStephen A. Beckel DEC 3 11990Pat Whn iraf Pratt & Whitney Aircraft West Palm Beach, Florida Ea: D S Prepared...Beckel Government Products Division Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Nest Palm Beach, Florida Abstract Fuel physical properties that govern atomiz- ation and...fuels used were JP-5, a blend of Diesel Fuel actual combustion process, there is only a slight Marine/Home Hea.ing Oil (DFM/HHO), and a blend of

Formation of soft magnetic high entropy amorphous alloys composites containing in situ solid solution phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Ran; Sun, Huan; Chen, Chen; Tao, Juan; Li, Fushan

2018-03-01

Fe-Co-Ni-Si-B high entropy amorphous alloys composites (HEAACs), which containing high entropy solid solution phase in amorphous matrix, show good soft magnetic properties and bending ductility even in optimal annealed state, were successfully developed by melt spinning method. The crystallization phase of the HEAACs is solid solution phase with body centered cubic (BCC) structure instead of brittle intermetallic phase. In addition, the BCC phase can transformed into face centered cubic (FCC) phase with temperature rise. Accordingly, Fe-Co-Ni-Si-B high entropy alloys (HEAs) with FCC structure and a small amount of BCC phase was prepared by copper mold casting method. The HEAs exhibit high yield strength (about 1200 MPa) and good plastic strain (about 18%). Meanwhile, soft magnetic characteristics of the HEAs are largely reserved from HEAACs. This work provides a new strategy to overcome the annealing induced brittleness of amorphous alloys and design new advanced materials with excellent comprehensive properties.

Effects of Surface Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ren, Xiaofeng; Qui, Renhui; Fifield, Leonard S.

2012-05-17

Effects of surface treatments on the strength and water resistance of kenaf fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites were investigated. A new coupling agent that consists of 1,6-diisocyanato-hexane (DIH) and 2-hydroxylethyl acrylate (HEA) was investigated for surface treatments of kenaf fibers. The surface treatments were found to significantly enhance the tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and water resistance of the resulting kenaf UPE composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that DIH-HEA was covalently bonded onto kenaf fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the composites revealed that chemical treatment of kenaf fibers with a combination of DIHmore » and HEA improved the interfacial adhesion between kenaf fibers and UPE resin in the DIHHEA-treated kenafUPE composites. The mechanisms by which the chemical treatment of kenaf fiber surfaces improved strength and water resistance of the resulting kenaf UPE composites were discussed.« less

Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of As-Cast High-Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seifi, Mohsen; Li, Dongyue; Yong, Zhang; Liaw, Peter K.; Lewandowski, John J.

2015-08-01

The fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of two as-vacuum arc cast high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (Al0.2CrFeNiTi0.2 and AlCrFeNi2Cu) were determined. A microstructure examination of both HEA alloys revealed a two-phase structure consisting of body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) phases. The notched and fatigue precracked toughness values were in the range of those reported in the literature for two-phase alloys but significantly less than recent reports on a single phase fcc-HEA that was deformation processed. Fatigue crack growth experiments revealed high fatigue thresholds that decreased significantly with an increase in load ratio, while Paris law slopes exhibited metallic-like behavior at low R with significant increases at high R. Fracture surface examinations revealed combinations of brittle and ductile/dimpled regions at overload, with some evidence of fatigue striations in the Paris law regime.

Nanocrystalline High-Entropy Alloys: A New Paradigm in High-Temperature Strength and Stability.

PubMed

Zou, Yu; Wheeler, Jeffrey M; Ma, Huan; Okle, Philipp; Spolenak, Ralph

2017-03-08

Metals with nanometer-scale grains or nanocrystalline metals exhibit high strengths at ambient conditions, yet their strengths substantially decrease with increasing temperature, rendering them unsuitable for usage at high temperatures. Here, we show that a nanocrystalline high-entropy alloy (HEA) retains an extraordinarily high yield strength over 5 GPa up to 600 °C, 1 order of magnitude higher than that of its coarse-grained form and 5 times higher than that of its single-crystalline equivalent. As a result, such nanostructured HEAs reveal strengthening figures of merit-normalized strength by the shear modulus above 1/50 and strength-to-density ratios above 0.4 MJ/kg, which are substantially higher than any previously reported values for nanocrystalline metals in the same homologous temperature range, as well as low strain-rate sensitivity of ∼0.005. Nanocrystalline HEAs with these properties represent a new class of nanomaterials for high-stress and high-temperature applications in aerospace, civilian infrastructure, and energy sectors.

Detailed Investigation of Core-Shell Precipitates in a Cu-Containing High Entropy Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alam, T.; Gwalani, B.; Viswanathan, G.; Fraser, H.; Banerjee, R.

2018-05-01

Due to the competing influences of configurational entropy and enthalpy of mixing, in recent years, secondary (including intermetallic) phases have been reported in many high entropy alloy (HEA) systems. These secondary phases offer great potential in terms of strengthening the HEA beyond the solid solution strengthening effects, and as such are of great interest in regards to alloy design for engineering applications. The present research investigates novel nano-scale core-shell precipitates forming within the disordered bcc matrix phase of an Al2CrCuFeNi2 HEA, utilizing complementary high-resolution microscopy techniques of atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size, morphology, and local chemistry of these core-shell precipitates was measured by APT, and the composition was further corroborated by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy in an aberration-corrected TEM. Furthermore, high-resolution TEM imaging of the core-shell structure indicates that the Cu-rich core exhibits a bcc crystal structure.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Driscoll, Mark S.; Smith, Jennifer L.; Woods, Sean

One of the main problems associated with the use of natural fibers as reinforcing agents in composites is their uptake of moisture. Many natural fibers are lignocellulosic, which causes them to swell and shrink as the amount of available moisture changes. Swelling and shrinking can cause composites to prematurely fail. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study that considers the use of two different low molecular weight monomers, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), polymerized by electron beam ionizing radiation, to dimensionally stabilize natural fibers. Eight different treatments consisting of varying amounts of monomer, encapsulating agent, andmore » cross-linkers, were evaluated for their ability to dimensionally stabilize sisal fiber. Results indicate that both polymerized HEA and HEMA can reduce the swelling of sisal fiber. The effectiveness of HEA and HEMA can be further enhanced with the use of a cross-linker (SR 454). The use of hydroxylated monomers to dimensionally stabilize natural fibers may play an important role in reducing delamination and improving fiber-resin adhesion in composites.« less

Exotic Earthworms Decrease Cd, Hg, and Pb Pools in Upland Forest Soils of Vermont and New Hampshire USA.

PubMed

Richardson, J B; Görres, J H; Friedland, A J

2017-10-01

Exotic earthworms are present in the forests of northeastern USA, yet few studies have documented their effects on pollutant metals in soil. The objective of this study was to identify if Cd, Hg, and Pb strong-acid extractable concentrations and pools (bulk inventories) in forest soils decreased with the presence of exotic earthworms. We compared 'Low Earthworm Abundance' (LEA) sites (≤10 g m -2 earthworms, n = 13) and 'High Earthworm Abundance' (HEA) (>10 g m -2 earthworms, n = 17) sites at five watersheds across Vermont and New Hampshire. Organic horizon Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations were lower at HEA than LEA sites. Organic horizon and total soil pools of Cd and Hg were negatively correlated with earthworm biomass. Soil profile Cd and Hg concentrations were lower at HEA than LEA sites. Our results suggest earthworms are decreasing accumulation of Cd, Hg, and Pb in forest soils, potentially via greater mobilization through organic matter disruption or bioaccumulation.

High-Energy Anomaly in the Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectra of Nd2-xCexCuO4: Evidence for a Matrix Element Effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rienks, E. D. L.; ńrrälä, M.; Lindroos, M.; Roth, F.; Tabis, W.; Yu, G.; Greven, M.; Fink, J.

2014-09-01

We use polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the high-energy anomaly (HEA) in the dispersion of Nd2-xCexCuO4, x =0.123. We find that at particular photon energies the anomalous, waterfall-like dispersion gives way to a broad, continuous band. This suggests that the HEA is a matrix element effect: it arises due to a suppression of the intensity of the broadened quasiparticle band in a narrow momentum range. We confirm this interpretation experimentally, by showing that the HEA appears when the matrix element is suppressed deliberately by changing the light polarization. Calculations of the matrix element using atomic wave functions and simulation of the ARPES intensity with one-step model calculations provide further evidence for this scenario. The possibility to detect the full quasiparticle dispersion further allows us to extract the high-energy self-energy function near the center and at the edge of the Brillouin zone.

High-energy anomaly in the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO₄: evidence for a matrix element effect.

PubMed

Rienks, E D L; Ärrälä, M; Lindroos, M; Roth, F; Tabis, W; Yu, G; Greven, M; Fink, J

2014-09-26

We use polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the high-energy anomaly (HEA) in the dispersion of Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO₄, x=0.123. We find that at particular photon energies the anomalous, waterfall-like dispersion gives way to a broad, continuous band. This suggests that the HEA is a matrix element effect: it arises due to a suppression of the intensity of the broadened quasiparticle band in a narrow momentum range. We confirm this interpretation experimentally, by showing that the HEA appears when the matrix element is suppressed deliberately by changing the light polarization. Calculations of the matrix element using atomic wave functions and simulation of the ARPES intensity with one-step model calculations provide further evidence for this scenario. The possibility to detect the full quasiparticle dispersion further allows us to extract the high-energy self-energy function near the center and at the edge of the Brillouin zone.

Experiments and Model for Serration Statistics in Low-Entropy, Medium-Entropy, and High-Entropy Alloys

DOE PAGES

Carroll, Robert; Lee, Chi; Tsai, Che-Wei; ...

2015-11-23

In this study, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are new alloys that contain five or more elements in roughly-equal proportion. We present new experiments and theory on the deformation behavior of HEAs under slow stretching (straining), and observe differences, compared to conventional alloys with fewer elements. For a specific range of temperatures and strain-rates, HEAs deform in a jerky way, with sudden slips that make it difficult to precisely control the deformation. An analytic model explains these slips as avalanches of slipping weak spots and predicts the observed slip statistics, stress-strain curves, and their dependence on temperature, strain-rate, and material composition. Themore » ratio of the weak spots’ healing rate to the strain-rate is the main tuning parameter, reminiscent of the Portevin- LeChatellier effect and time-temperature superposition in polymers. Our model predictions agree with the experimental results. The proposed widely-applicable deformation mechanism is useful for deformation control and alloy design.« less

Analysis of Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behavior of Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 High-Entropy Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lentzaris, K.; Poulia, A.; Georgatis, E.; Lekatou, A. G.; Karantzalis, A. E.

2018-04-01

Α Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) of the well-known family of CoCrFeNiTi has been designed using empirical parameters. The aim of this design was the production of a HEA with fcc structure that gives ductile behavior and also high strength because of the solid solution effect. The VEC calculations (8.1) supported the fcc structure while the δ factor calculations (4.97) not being out of the limit values, advised a significant lattice distortion. From the other hand, the ΔΗ mix calculations (- 9.64 kJ/mol) gave strong indications that no intermetallic would be formed. In order to investigate its potential application, the Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 HEA was prepared by vacuum arc melting and a primary assessment of its surface degradation response was conducted by means of sliding wear testing using different counterbody systems for a total sliding distance of 1000 m. An effort to correlate the alloy's wear response with the microstructural characteristics was attempted. Finally, the wear behavior of the Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 HEA was compared with that of two commercially used wear-resistant alloys. The results obtained provided some first signs of the high-entropy alloys' better wear performance when tested under sliding conditions against a steel ball.

Helium accumulation and bubble formation in FeCoNiCr alloy under high fluence He+ implantation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Da; Tong, Y.; Li, H.; Wang, J.; Zhao, Y. L.; Hu, Alice; Kai, J. J.

2018-04-01

Face-centered cubic (FCC) high-entropy alloys (HEA), as emerging alloys with equal-molar or near equal-molar constituents, show a promising radiation damage resistance under heavy ion bombardment, making them potential for structural material application in next-generation nuclear reactors, but the accumulation of light helium ions, a product of nuclear fission reaction, has not been studied. The present work experimentally studied the helium accumulation and bubble formation at implantation temperatures of 523 K, 573 K and 673 K in a homogenized FCC FeCoNiCr HEA, a HEA showing excellent radiation damage resistance under heavy ion irradiation. The size and population density of helium bubbles in FeCoNiCr samples were quantitatively analyzed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the helium content existing in bubbles were estimated from a high-pressure Equation of State (EOS). We found that the helium diffusion in such condition was dominated by the self-interstitial/He replacement mechanism, and the corresponding activation energy in FeCoNiCr is comparable with the vacancy migration energy in Ni and austenitic stainless steel but only 14.3%, 31.4% and 51.4% of the accumulated helium precipitated into helium bubbles at 523 K, 573 K and 673 K, respectively, smaller than the pure Ni case. Importantly, the small bubble size suggested that FeCoNiCr HEA has a high resistance of helium bubble formation compared with Ni and steels.

High Entropy Alloys: Criteria for Stable Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tripathy, Snehashish; Gupta, Gaurav; Chowdhury, Sandip Ghosh

2018-01-01

An effort has been made to reassess the phase predicting capability of various thermodynamic and topological parameters across a wide range of HEA systems. These parameters are valence electron concentration, atomic mismatch ( δ), electronegativity difference (Δ χ), mixing entropy (Δ S mix), entropy of fusion (Δ S f), and mismatch entropy ( S σ ). In continuation of that, two new parameters (a) Modified Darken-Gurry parameter ( A = Sσ * χ) and (b) Modified Mismatch Entropy parameter ( B = δ* Sσ) have been designed to predict the stable crystal structure that would form in the HEA systems considered for assessment.

Long-term Outcomes of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Coxa Vara.

PubMed

Roberts, David W; Saglam, Yavuz; De La Rocha, Adriana; Frasquillo, Brigid N; Tulchin-Francis, Kirsten; Kim, Harry K W

2018-04-01

Congenital coxa vara (CCV) is a rare hip condition with few long-term studies. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes after operative and nonoperative treatment of CCV, assess reliability of radiographic parameters, and investigate risk factors for recurrence after surgery. Retrospective review was performed of all CCV patients treated at 1 institution from 1980 to 2010. In addition, patients were recalled for additional follow-up x-rays, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and gait analysis. Radiographic measurements [neck-shaft angle (NSA), head-shaft angle (HSA), Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle (HEA), and femoral neck length (FNL)] were assessed for reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for recurrence after surgery. Forty-six hips in 32 patients were reviewed. Mean age at presentation was 5.4±4.9 years. Mean follow-up was 11.8±5.8 years. Valgus proximal femoral osteotomy was performed in 27 hips (20 patients). Initial deformity was greater in the operative group (NSA 90±17 degrees, HEA 68±19 degrees) versus nonoperative patients (NSA 122±19 degrees, HEA 34±14 degrees) (P<0.0001), but radiographic outcomes were similar at follow-up. Most nonoperative hips had normal FNL growth rates (80%), but resolution of varus NSA occurred in only 21%. In contrast, 56% of operative hips showed decreased FNL growth rates. Interobserver reliability was excellent for HEA (0.98), NSA (0.90), and FNL (0.89), and good for HSA (0.79). Repeat osteotomy was performed in 6 cases (22%). No significant predictors for recurrence were identified. At long-term follow-up for recalled patients, 72% had significantly abnormal gait, and 50% had fair-poor functional outcomes (mHHS<79). Valgus osteotomy corrects severe deformity in CCV with improved clinical and radiographic outcomes. HEA and NSA are the most reliable radiographic measurements of proximal femoral deformity in CCV. Recurrence is not uncommon, but no predictors were identified. Many patients have persistent gait abnormalities and functional impairment at long-term follow-up, regardless of prior treatment. Level III-retrospective cohort.

Mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal stability of a nanocrystalline CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy after severe plastic deformation

DOE PAGES

Schuh, B.; Mendez-Martin, F.; Völker, B.; ...

2015-06-24

An equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), produced by arc melting and drop casting, was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) using high-pressure torsion. This process induced substantial grain refinement in the coarse-grained casting leading to a grain size of approximately 50 nm. As a result, strength increased significantly to 1950 MPa, and hardness to similar to 520 MV. Analyses using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 3-dimensional atom probe tomography (3D-APT) showed that, after SPD, the alloy remained a true single-phase solid solution down to the atomic scale. Subsequent investigations characterized the evolution of mechanical properties and microstructure of this nanocrystallinemore » HEA upon annealing. Isochronal (for 1 h) and isothermal heat treatments were performed followed by microhardness and tensile tests. The isochronal anneals led to a marked hardness increase with a maximum hardness of similar to 630 HV at about 450 degrees C before softening set in at higher temperatures. The isothermal anneals, performed at this peak hardness temperature, revealed an additional hardness rise to a maximum of about 910 MV after 100 h. To clarify this unexpected annealing response, comprehensive microstructural analyses were performed using TEM and 3D-APT. New nano-scale phases were observed to form in the originally single-phase HEA. After times as short as 5 min at 450 degrees C, a NiMn phase and Cr-rich phase formed. With increasing annealing time, their volume fractions increased and a third phase, FeCo, also formed. It appears that the surfeit of grain boundaries in the nanocrystalline HEA offer many fast diffusion pathways and nucleation sites to facilitate this phase decomposition. The hardness increase, especially for the longer annealing times, can be attributed to these nano-scaled phases embedded in the HEA matrix. The present results give new valuable insights into the phase stability of single-phase high-entropy alloys as well as the mechanisms controlling the mechanical properties of nanostructured multiphase composites. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.« less

Computational modeling of high-entropy alloys: Structures, thermodynamics and elasticity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Michael C.; Gao, Pan; Hawk, Jeffrey A.

This study provides a short review on computational modeling on the formation, thermodynamics, and elasticity of single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Hundreds of predicted single-phase HEAs were re-examined using various empirical thermo-physical parameters. Potential BCC HEAs (CrMoNbTaTiVW, CrMoNbReTaTiVW, and CrFeMoNbReRuTaVW) were suggested based on CALPHAD modeling. The calculated vibrational entropies of mixing are positive for FCC CoCrFeNi, negative for BCC MoNbTaW, and near-zero for HCP CoOsReRu. The total entropies of mixing were observed to trend in descending order: CoCrFeNi > CoOsReRu > MoNbTaW. Calculated lattice parameters agree extremely well with averaged values estimated from the rule of mixtures (ROM) if themore » same crystal structure is used for the elements and the alloy. The deviation in the calculated elastic properties from ROM for select alloys is small but is susceptible to the choice used for the structures of pure components.« less

Computational modeling of high-entropy alloys: Structures, thermodynamics and elasticity

DOE PAGES

Gao, Michael C.; Gao, Pan; Hawk, Jeffrey A.; ...

2017-10-12

This study provides a short review on computational modeling on the formation, thermodynamics, and elasticity of single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Hundreds of predicted single-phase HEAs were re-examined using various empirical thermo-physical parameters. Potential BCC HEAs (CrMoNbTaTiVW, CrMoNbReTaTiVW, and CrFeMoNbReRuTaVW) were suggested based on CALPHAD modeling. The calculated vibrational entropies of mixing are positive for FCC CoCrFeNi, negative for BCC MoNbTaW, and near-zero for HCP CoOsReRu. The total entropies of mixing were observed to trend in descending order: CoCrFeNi > CoOsReRu > MoNbTaW. Calculated lattice parameters agree extremely well with averaged values estimated from the rule of mixtures (ROM) if themore » same crystal structure is used for the elements and the alloy. The deviation in the calculated elastic properties from ROM for select alloys is small but is susceptible to the choice used for the structures of pure components.« less

Secondary phases in Al xCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys: An in-situ TEM heating study and thermodynamic appraisal

DOE PAGES

Rao, J. C.; Diao, H. Y.; Ocelík, V.; ...

2017-03-27

Secondary phases, either introduced by alloying or heat treatment, are commonly present in most high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Understanding the formation of secondary phases at high temperatures, and their effect on mechanical properties, is a critical issue that is undertaken in the present paper, using the Al xCoCrFeNi (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) as a model alloy. The in-situ transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) heating observation, an atom-probe-tomography (APT) study for the reference starting materials (Al 0.3 and Al 0.5 alloys), and thermodynamic calculations for all three alloys, are performed to investigate (1) the aluminum effect on the secondary-phase fractions, (2) the annealing-twinningmore » formation in the face-centered-cubic (FCC) matrix, (3) the strengthening effect of the secondary ordered body-centered-cubic (B2) phase, and (4) the nucleation path of the σ secondary phase thoroughly. Finally, the present work will substantially optimize the alloy design of HEAs and facilitate applications of HEAs to a wide temperature range.« less

Secondary phases in Al xCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys: An in-situ TEM heating study and thermodynamic appraisal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rao, J. C.; Diao, H. Y.; Ocelík, V.

Secondary phases, either introduced by alloying or heat treatment, are commonly present in most high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Understanding the formation of secondary phases at high temperatures, and their effect on mechanical properties, is a critical issue that is undertaken in the present paper, using the Al xCoCrFeNi (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) as a model alloy. The in-situ transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) heating observation, an atom-probe-tomography (APT) study for the reference starting materials (Al 0.3 and Al 0.5 alloys), and thermodynamic calculations for all three alloys, are performed to investigate (1) the aluminum effect on the secondary-phase fractions, (2) the annealing-twinningmore » formation in the face-centered-cubic (FCC) matrix, (3) the strengthening effect of the secondary ordered body-centered-cubic (B2) phase, and (4) the nucleation path of the σ secondary phase thoroughly. Finally, the present work will substantially optimize the alloy design of HEAs and facilitate applications of HEAs to a wide temperature range.« less

Effect of Aerogel Anisotropy in Superfluid 3He-A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmerman, A. M.; Li, J. I. A.; Pollanen, J.; Collett, C. A.; Gannon, W. J.; Halperin, W. P.

2014-03-01

Two theories have been advanced to describe the effects of anisotropic impurity introduced by stretched silica aerogel on the orientation of the orbital angular momentum l& circ; in superfluid 3He-A. These theories disagree on whether the anisotropy will orient l& circ; perpendicular[2] or parallel[3] to the strain axis. In order to examine this question we have produced and characterized a homogeneous aerogel sample with uniaxial anisotropy introduced during growth, corresponding to stretching of the aerogel. These samples have been shown to stabilize two new chiral states;[4] the higher temperature state being the subject of the present study. Using pulsed NMR we have performed experiments on 3He-A imbibed in this sample in two orientations: strain parallel and perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. From the NMR frequency shifts as a function of tip angle and temperature, we find that the angular momentum l& circ; is oriented along the strain axis, providing evidence for the theory advanced by Sauls. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, DMR-1103625.

Dynamic Impact Behaviour of High Entropy Alloys Used in the Military Domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geantă, V.; Voiculescu, I.; Stefănoiu, R.; Chereches, T.; Zecheru, T.; Matache, L.; Rotariu, A.

2018-06-01

AlFeCrCoNi high entropy alloys (HEA) feature significant compressive strength characteristics, being usable for severe impact applications in the military domain. The research paper presents the results obtained by testing the impact resistance of four HEA samples of different chemical compositions at perforation with 7.62 mm calibre incendiary armour-piercing bullets. The dynamical behaviour was modelled by numerical simulation based on the results of the dynamic tests conducted in the firing range, thus allowing the development of more efficient high entropy alloys, to be used for collective/personal protection.

Pressure Dependence of the Superfluid Fraction in 3He-A1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bastea, M.; Okuda, Y.; Kojima, H.

1995-03-01

The superfluid fraction of 3He-A1 was determined in the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) region as a function of pressure between 10 and 30 bars from the measured spin-entropy wave velocity. The pressure dependence of the parameter β24, proportional to the fourth order coefficients of GL free energy expansion, was measured for the first time. At low pressures the parameter approaches the weak coupling limit in agreement with the theory of Sauls and Serene. The extracted strong coupling corrections to β24 and β5 at higher pressures are also consistent with the theory.

Solid-solution CrCoCuFeNi high-entropy alloy thin films synthesized by sputter deposition

DOE PAGES

An, Zhinan; Jia, Haoling; Wu, Yueying; ...

2015-05-04

The concept of high configurational entropy requires that the high-entropy alloys (HEAs) yield single-phase solid solutions. However, phase separations are quite common in bulk HEAs. A five-element alloy, CrCoCuFeNi, was deposited via radio frequency magnetron sputtering and confirmed to be a single-phase solid solution through the high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The formation of the solid-solution phase is presumed to be due to the high cooling rate of the sputter-deposition process.

Experimental and Computational Investigation of High Entropy Alloys for Elevated-Temperature Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liaw, Peter; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Chuan

2016-07-30

To create and design novel structural materials with enhanced creep-resistance, fundamental studies have been conducted on high-entropy alloys (HEAs), using (1) thermodynamic calculations, (2) mechanical tests, (3) neutron diffraction, (4) characterization techniques, and (5) crystal-plasticity finite-element modeling (CPFEM), to explore future candidates for next-generation power plants. All the constituent binary and ternary systems of the Al-Cr-Cu-Fe-Mn-Ni and Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni systems were thermodynamically modeled within the whole composition range. Comparisons between the calculated phase diagrams and literature data are in good agreement. Seven types of HEAs were fabricated from Al-Cr-Cu-Fe-Mn-Ni and Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni systems. The Al xCrCuFeMnNi HEAs have disordered [face-centered cubic (FCC)more » + body-centered cubic (BCC)] crystal structures, not FCC or BCC single structure. Excessive alloying of the Al element results in the change of both microstructural and mechanical properties in Al xCoCrFeNi HEAs. There are mainly three structural features in Al xCoCrFeNi: (1) the morphology, (2) the volume fractions of the constitute phases, and (3) existing temperatures of all six phases. After homogenization, the Al 0.3CoCrFeNi material is a pure FCC solid solution. After aging at 700 °C for 500 hours, the optimal microstructure combinations, the FCC matrix, needle-like B2 phase within grains, and granular σ phase along grain boundary, is achieved for Al 0.3CoCrFeNi. The cold-rolling process is utilized to reduce the grain size of Al 0.1CoCrFeNi and Al 0.3CoCrFeNi. The chemical elemental partitioning of FCC, BCC, B2, and σphases at different temperatures, before and after mechanical tests, in Al-Cr-Cu-Fe-Mn-Ni and Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni systems are quantitatively characterized by both synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction with levitation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), advanced atom probe tomography (APT), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In-situ neutron diffraction experiments were conducted to study the strengthening effect of B2 phase on tensile properties of Al 0.3CoCrFeNi HEAs directly. The results shows the creep behavior of Al 0.3CoCrFeNi is superior to conventional alloys, and the heat treatment introduces secondary B2 phase into the FCC matrix, which increase the yielding strength, decrease the ductility, diminish the serrated flow during compression tests at high temperatures. In summary, the outcomes of the development of the HEAs with creep resistance include: (1) Suitable candidates, for the application to boilers and steam and gas turbines at temperatures above 760 °C and a stress of 35 MPa. (2) Fundamental understanding on the precipitate stability and deformation mechanisms of both single-phase and precipitate-strengthened alloys at room and elevated temperatures, and (3) The demonstration of an integrated approach, coupling modeling [thermodynamic calculations and crystal-plasticity finite-element modeling (CPFEM)] and focused experiments, to identify HEAs that outperform conventional alloys for high-temperature applications, which will be applicable for the discovery and development of other high-temperature materials in the power-generating industry.« less

Relationship between oxidative stress and brain swelling in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to high environmental ammonia.

PubMed

Lisser, David F J; Lister, Zachary M; Pham-Ho, Phillip Q H; Scott, Graham R; Wilkie, Michael P

2017-01-01

Buildups of ammonia can cause potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals, but such swelling is reversible in the anoxia- and ammonia-tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus). We investigated brain swelling and its possible relationship to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of goldfish acutely exposed to high external ammonia (HEA; 5 mmol/l NH 4 Cl) at two different acclimation temperatures (14°C, 4°C). Exposure to HEA at 14°C for 72h resulted in increased internal ammonia and glutamine concentrations in the brain, and it caused cellular oxidative damage in the brain and liver. However, oxidative damage was most pronounced in brain, in which there was a twofold increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, a threefold increase in protein carbonylation, and a 20% increase in water volume (indicative of brain swelling). Increased activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the brain suggested that goldfish upregulate their antioxidant capacity to partially offset oxidative stress during hyperammonemia at 14°C. Notably, acclimation to colder (4°C) water completely attenuated the oxidative stress response to HEA in both tissues, and there was no change in brain water volume despite similar increases in internal ammonia. We suggest that ammonia-induced oxidative stress may be responsible for the swelling of goldfish brain during HEA, but further studies are needed to establish a mechanistic link between reactive oxygen species production and brain swelling. Nevertheless, a high capacity to withstand oxidative stress in response to variations in internal ammonia likely explains why goldfish are more resilient to this stressor than most other vertebrates. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Relationship between oxidative stress and brain swelling in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to high environmental ammonia

PubMed Central

Lisser, David F. J.; Lister, Zachary M.; Pham-Ho, Phillip Q. H.; Scott, Graham R.

2017-01-01

Buildups of ammonia can cause potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals, but such swelling is reversible in the anoxia- and ammonia-tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus). We investigated brain swelling and its possible relationship to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of goldfish acutely exposed to high external ammonia (HEA; 5 mmol/l NH4Cl) at two different acclimation temperatures (14°C, 4°C). Exposure to HEA at 14°C for 72h resulted in increased internal ammonia and glutamine concentrations in the brain, and it caused cellular oxidative damage in the brain and liver. However, oxidative damage was most pronounced in brain, in which there was a twofold increase in thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, a threefold increase in protein carbonylation, and a 20% increase in water volume (indicative of brain swelling). Increased activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the brain suggested that goldfish upregulate their antioxidant capacity to partially offset oxidative stress during hyperammonemia at 14°C. Notably, acclimation to colder (4°C) water completely attenuated the oxidative stress response to HEA in both tissues, and there was no change in brain water volume despite similar increases in internal ammonia. We suggest that ammonia-induced oxidative stress may be responsible for the swelling of goldfish brain during HEA, but further studies are needed to establish a mechanistic link between reactive oxygen species production and brain swelling. Nevertheless, a high capacity to withstand oxidative stress in response to variations in internal ammonia likely explains why goldfish are more resilient to this stressor than most other vertebrates. PMID:27784686

Transcriptomic analysis of liver from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) exposed to high environmental ammonia reveals the activation of antioxidant and apoptosis pathways.

PubMed

Jin, Jiali; Wang, Yao; Wu, Zhixin; Hergazy, Abeer; Lan, Jiangfeng; Zhao, Lijuan; Liu, Xiaoling; Chen, Nan; Lin, Li

2017-04-01

High concentration of ammonia in aquatic system leads to detrimental effects on the health of aquatic animals. However, the mechanism underlying ammonia-induced toxicity is still not clear. To better understand the mechanism of ammonia toxicity effects on fish, juvenile grass carp was employed in the present study. RNA high-throughput sequencing technique was applied to analyze the total RNAs extracted from the liver of fish after 8 h post exposure to the water containing 2 mM NH 4 HCO 3 which experimentally mimicked the high environmental ammonia (HEA). A total of 49,971,114 and 53,826,986 clean reads were obtained in control and 2 mM HEA group, respectively, in which there were 911 differently expressed genes (DEGs) including 563 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated genes. In addition, 10 DEGs were validated by quantitative PCR. These DEGs were involved in several pathways related with oxidative stress or apoptosis. Further analysis on oxidative stress, histopathology and cellular apoptosis in grass carp liver after HEA exposure revealed interesting findings. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity together with the decreased catalase (CAT) activity were detected, which may be effected by DEGs and related pathways such as FOXO signaling pathway. The histopathology and TUNEL assays results confirmed that apoptosis was induced in liver when fish had suffered HEA. Combined with the results of transcriptomic experiments, c-Myc-Bax-Caspase9 apoptosis pathway could be involved in grass carp liver apoptosis induced by ammonia stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ammonia stress under high environmental ammonia induces Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the mud eel, Monopterus cuchia.

PubMed

Hangzo, Hnunlalliani; Banerjee, Bodhisattwa; Saha, Shrabani; Saha, Nirmalendu

2017-02-01

The obligatory air-breathing mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) is frequently being challenged with high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure in its natural habitats. The present study investigated the possible induction of heat shock protein 70 and 90 (hsp70, hsc70, hsp90α and hsp90β) genes and more expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins under ammonia stress in different tissues of the mud eel after exposure to HEA (50 mM NH 4 Cl) for 14 days. HEA resulted in significant accumulation of toxic ammonia in different body tissues and plasma, which was accompanied with the stimulation of oxidative stress in the mud eel as evidenced by more accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) during exposure to HEA. Further, hyper-ammonia stress led to significant increase in the levels of mRNA transcripts for inducible hsp70 and hsp90α genes and also their translated proteins in different tissues probably as a consequence of induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes in the mud eel. However, hyper-ammonia stress was neither associated with any significant alterations in the levels of mRNA transcripts for constitutive hsc70 and hsp90β genes nor their translated proteins in any of the tissues studied. More abundance of Hsp70 and Hsp90α proteins might be one of the strategies adopted by the mud eel to defend itself from the ammonia-induced cellular damages under ammonia stress. Further, this is the first report of ammonia-induced induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes under hyper-ammonia stress in any freshwater air-breathing teleost.

Involvement of the catecholaminergic system on the antidepressant-like effects of Alpinia zerumbet in mice.

PubMed

Bevilaqua, Fernanda; Mocelin, Ricieri; Grimm, Celso; da Silva Junior, Nairo Stefanello; Buzetto, Thales Luis Brust; Conterato, Greicy M Marafiga; Roman, Walter Antonio; Piato, Angelo L

2016-01-01

The traditional uses of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.m.SM (Zingiberaceae), popularly known as colonia or pacová, suggest that the species has antihypertensive, diuretic, and sedative properties. We previously reported that an ethanol extract of Alpinia zerumbet (HEA) significantly reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), similar to the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Moreover, HEA presented antioxidant and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. The objective of this study is to investigate the involvement of monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the antidepressant-like effects of this species. A hydroethanolic extract prepared with the leaves of A. zerumbet was assayed in the TST in male Swiss mice (800 mg/kg, p.o.). Synthesis inhibitors (AMPT, inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, 100 mg/kg, i.p.; and PCPA, irreversible tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and a specific glutamate antagonist (AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used prior testing. Pre-treatment with the noradrenergic/dopaminergic inhibitor AMPT fully abolished the anti-immobility effects of HEA, with the two-way ANOVA yielding a significant interaction between pre-treatment and treatment (F1,32 = 10.0, p < 0.01); no interaction was observed with the serotonergic inhibitor PCPA (F1,32 = 0.33, p > 0.05) or NBQX (F1,32 = 0.21, p > 0.05). These results indicated that HEA most likely acts through the dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic system but not through the serotoninergic or glutamatergic systems. This study reinforces the idea that the available biodiversity in Brazil can serve as a basis for innovation in the development of new drugs.

Red blood cell antigen genotype analysis for 9087 Asian, Asian American, and Native American blood donors.

PubMed

Delaney, Meghan; Harris, Samantha; Haile, Askale; Johnsen, Jill; Teramura, Gayle; Nelson, Karen

2015-10-01

There has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of blood group antigen prevalence in Asian Americans and Native Americans. There may be ethnic differences in blood group frequencies that would result in clinically important mismatches through transfusion. Blood donors who self-identified as Asian or Native American were tested using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA array (HEA BeadChip kit, Bioarray Solutions Ltd) that predicts expression of 38 human erythrocyte antigens (HEAs) and by serology for ABO, D, C, M, N, Jk(a) , and Jk(b) . The prevalence of blood group antigens was compared to published European prevalence. Discrepancies between SNP-predicted and serology-detected antigens were tallied. A total of 9087 blood donors were tested from nine Asian and Native American heritages. The predicted prevalence of selected antigens in the RHCE, JK, FY, MNS, LU, CO, and DO blood group systems were variable between Asian populations, but overall not significantly different than Europeans. Compared to European frequencies, Kell blood group allele frequencies were significantly different in the Chinese, Native American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian heritage blood donors; Diego antigens Di(a) and Di(b) were different in donors of Native American and South Asian ancestries (p < 0.05). Of the donors tested, 4.5% showed a SNP-serology discrepancy that segregated within specific ethnic groups. This study provides HEA allele frequency and antigen prevalence data in a cohort of Asian and Native Americans donors. Several ethnic groups exhibited differences in HEA frequencies compared to Europeans. Genotype-serotype discrepancies were detected in all systems studied. © 2015 AABB.

Electron Bubbles in Superfluid (3) 3 He-A: Exploring the Quasiparticle-Ion Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shevtsov, Oleksii; Sauls, J. A.

2017-06-01

When an electron is forced into liquid ^3He, it forms an "electron bubble", a heavy ion with radius, R˜eq 1.5 nm, and mass, M˜eq 100 m_3, where m_3 is the mass of a ^3He atom. These negative ions have proven to be powerful local probes of the physical properties of the host quantum fluid, especially the excitation spectra of the superfluid phases. We recently developed a theory for Bogoliubov quasiparticles scattering off electron bubbles embedded in a chiral superfluid that provides a detailed understanding of the spectrum of Weyl Fermions bound to the negative ion, as well as a theory for the forces on moving electron bubbles in superfluid ^3He-A (Shevtsov and Sauls in Phys Rev B 94:064511, 2016). This theory is shown to provide quantitative agreement with measurements reported by the RIKEN group (Ikegami et al. in Science 341(6141):59, 2013) for the drag force and anomalous Hall effect of moving electron bubbles in superfluid ^3He-A. In this report, we discuss the sensitivity of the forces on the moving ion to the effective interaction between normal-state quasiparticles and the ion. We consider models for the quasiparticle-ion (QP-ion) interaction, including the hard-sphere potential, constrained random-phase-shifts, and interactions with short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction. Our results show that the transverse force responsible for the anomalous Hall effect is particularly sensitive to the structure of the QP-ion potential and that strong short-range repulsion, captured by the hard-sphere potential, provides an accurate model for computing the forces acting on the moving electron bubble in superfluid 3He-A.

The High Temperature Tensile and Creep Behaviors of High Entropy Superalloy.

PubMed

Tsao, Te-Kang; Yeh, An-Chou; Kuo, Chen-Ming; Kakehi, Koji; Murakami, Hideyuki; Yeh, Jien-Wei; Jian, Sheng-Rui

2017-10-04

This article presents the high temperature tensile and creep behaviors of a novel high entropy alloy (HEA). The microstructure of this HEA resembles that of advanced superalloys with a high entropy FCC matrix and L1 2 ordered precipitates, so it is also named as "high entropy superalloy (HESA)". The tensile yield strengths of HESA surpass those of the reported HEAs from room temperature to elevated temperatures; furthermore, its creep resistance at 982 °C can be compared to those of some Ni-based superalloys. Analysis on experimental results indicate that HESA could be strengthened by the low stacking-fault energy of the matrix, high anti-phase boundary energy of the strengthening precipitate, and thermally stable microstructure. Positive misfit between FCC matrix and precipitate has yielded parallel raft microstructure during creep at 982 °C, and the creep curves of HESA were dominated by tertiary creep behavior. To the best of authors' knowledge, this article is the first to present the elevated temperature tensile creep study on full scale specimens of a high entropy alloy, and the potential of HESA for high temperature structural application is discussed.

The Effect of Electronic Structure on the Phases Present in High Entropy Alloys

PubMed Central

Leong, Zhaoyuan; Wróbel, Jan S.; Dudarev, Sergei L.; Goodall, Russell; Todd, Iain; Nguyen-Manh, Duc

2017-01-01

Multicomponent systems, termed High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), with predominantly single solid solution phases are a current area of focus in alloy development. Although different empirical rules have been introduced to understand phase formation and determine what the dominant phases may be in these systems, experimental investigation has revealed that in many cases their structure is not a single solid solution phase, and that the rules may not accurately distinguish the stability of the phase boundaries. Here, a combined modelling and experimental approach that looks into the electronic structure is proposed to improve accuracy of the predictions of the majority phase. To do this, the Rigid Band model is generalised for magnetic systems in prediction of the majority phase most likely to be found. Good agreement is found when the predictions are confronted with data from experiments, including a new magnetic HEA system (CoFeNiV). This also includes predicting the structural transition with varying levels of constituent elements, as a function of the valence electron concentration, n, obtained from the integrated spin-polarised density of states. This method is suitable as a new predictive technique to identify compositions for further screening, in particular for magnetic HEAs. PMID:28059106

The Effect of Electronic Structure on the Phases Present in High Entropy Alloys.

PubMed

Leong, Zhaoyuan; Wróbel, Jan S; Dudarev, Sergei L; Goodall, Russell; Todd, Iain; Nguyen-Manh, Duc

2017-01-06

Multicomponent systems, termed High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), with predominantly single solid solution phases are a current area of focus in alloy development. Although different empirical rules have been introduced to understand phase formation and determine what the dominant phases may be in these systems, experimental investigation has revealed that in many cases their structure is not a single solid solution phase, and that the rules may not accurately distinguish the stability of the phase boundaries. Here, a combined modelling and experimental approach that looks into the electronic structure is proposed to improve accuracy of the predictions of the majority phase. To do this, the Rigid Band model is generalised for magnetic systems in prediction of the majority phase most likely to be found. Good agreement is found when the predictions are confronted with data from experiments, including a new magnetic HEA system (CoFeNiV). This also includes predicting the structural transition with varying levels of constituent elements, as a function of the valence electron concentration, n, obtained from the integrated spin-polarised density of states. This method is suitable as a new predictive technique to identify compositions for further screening, in particular for magnetic HEAs.

Characterization of a High Strength, Refractory High Entropy Alloy, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jensen, Jacob

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a relatively new class of materials that have garnered significant interest over the last decade due to their intriguing balance of properties including high strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. In contrast to conventional alloy systems, HEAs are based on four or more principal elements with near equimolar concentrations and tend to have simple microstructures due to the preferential formation of solid solution phases. HEAs appear to offer new pathways to lightweighting in structural applications, new alloys for elevated temperature components, and new magnetic materials, but more thorough characterization studies are needed to assess the viability of the recently developed multicomponent materials. One such HEA, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr, was selected to be the basis for this characterization study in part due to its strength at elevated temperatures (sigma0.2 = 1600 MPa at T = 800 °C) and low density compared with commercially available Ni-based superalloys. The refractory element containing HEA composition was developed in order to balance the high temperature strength of the refractory elements with the desirable properties achieved by the high entropy alloying design approach for potential use in aerospace thermal protection and structural applications. Ingots of AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr were cast by vacuum arc melting followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and homogenization at 1400 °C for 24 hrs with a furnace cool of 10 °C/min. The resulting microstructure was characterized at multiple length scales using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM), conventional and scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM and STEM), and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS). The microstructure was found to consist of a periodic, coherent two phase mixture, where a disordered bcc phase is aligned orthogonally in an ordered B2 phase. Through microstructural evolution heat treatment studies, the nanoscale interpenetrating microstructure was discovered to form via a conditional spinodal reaction pathway involving a congruent ordering transformation preceding spinodal decomposition. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the true morphology of these phases and obtain a novel perspective of 3D elemental segregation in the HEA, STEM-high angle annular darkfield (HAADF) micrographs and XEDS spectral images were utilized in the tomographic reconstruction of the microstructure, which was inherently difficult to observe through conventional characterization techniques. The microstructure of the alloy was ultimately refined by incremental variations to the base alloy composition in an effort to remove deleterious intermetallic phases adversely affecting ductility. Despite the excellent compressive strength across a wide range of temperatures and the ability to tailor the microstructure by compositional modifications, microstructural and phase transformations in the desired operating temperature range indicate that the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr alloy may not be a suitable material for high temperature aerospace structural components.

Investigations on composites reinforced with HEA particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carcea, I.; Chelariu, R.; Asavei, L.; Cimpoeşu, N.; Florea, R. M.

2017-08-01

This work reports the results of investigations on the fortification with high entropy alloys particles of aluminium matrix composite materials. The properties of these materials processed by Vortex techniques primarily depend on the matrix and the volume fraction of the constituent phase. The mechanical properties, toughening mechanisms and potential applications are briefly reviewed. Traditional methods were used for the basic characterization of the composite. The microstructure of the composites were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM, SEM). SEM analysis was performed in order to observe the microstructural evolution as a function of the HEA particles content and to identify some reasons of the presence of porosity or any irregularities within the metal matrix.

Parametric Study of Amorphous High-Entropy Alloys formation from two New Perspectives: Atomic Radius Modification and Crystalline Structure of Alloying Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Q.; Guo, S.; Wang, J. M.; Yan, Y. H.; Chen, S. S.; Lu, D. P.; Liu, K. M.; Zou, J. Z.; Zeng, X. R.

2017-01-01

Chemical and topological parameters have been widely used for predicting the phase selection in high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Nevertheless, previous studies could be faulted due to the small number of available data points, the negligence of kinetic effects, and the insensitivity to small compositional changes. Here in this work, 92 TiZrHfM, TiZrHfMM, TiZrHfMMM (M = Fe, Cr, V, Nb, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni) HEAs were prepared by melt spinning, to build a reliable and sufficiently large material database to inspect the robustness of previously established parameters. Modification of atomic radii by considering the change of local electronic environment in alloys, was critically found out to be superior in distinguishing the formation of amorphous and crystalline alloys, when compared to using atomic radii of pure elements in topological parameters. Moreover, crystal structures of alloying element were found to play an important role in the amorphous phase formation, which was then attributed to how alloying hexagonal-close-packed elements and face-centered-cubic or body-centered-cubic elements can affect the mixing enthalpy. Findings from this work not only provide parametric studies for HEAs with new and important perspectives, but also reveal possibly a hidden connection among some important concepts in various fields.

Mechanical Alloying of W-Mo-V-Cr-Ta High Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Sujit; Robi, P. S.

2018-04-01

Recent years have seen the emergence of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of five or more elements in equi-atomic or near equi-atomic ratios. These alloys in single phase solid solution exhibit exceptional mechanical properties viz., high strength at room and elevated temperatures, reasonable ductility and stable microstructure over a wide range of temperatures making it suitable for high temperature structural materials. In spite of the attractive properties, processing of these materials remains a challenge. Reports regarding fabrication and characterisation of a few refractory HEA systems are available. The processing of these alloys have been carried out by arc melting of small button sized materials. The present paper discusses the development of a novel refractory W-Mo-V-Cr-Ta HEA powder based on a new alloy design concept. The powder mixture was milled for time periods up to 64 hours. Single phase alloy powder having body centred cubic structure was processed by mechanical alloying. The milling characteristics and extent of alloying during the ball milling were characterized using X-ray diffractiometre (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). A single phase solid solution alloy powder having body-centred cubic (BCC) structure with a lattice parameter of 3.15486 Å was obtained after milling for 32 hours.

On the chiral magnetic effect in Weyl superfluid 3He-A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Volovik, G. E.

2017-01-01

In the theory of the chiral anomaly in relativistic quantum field theories (RQFTs), some results depend on a regularization scheme at ultraviolet. In the chiral superfluid 3He-A, which contains two Weyl points and also experiences the effects of chiral anomaly, the "trans-Planckian" physics is known and the results can be obtained without regularization. We discuss this on example of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), which has been observed in 3He-A in the 1990s [1]. There are two forms of the contribution of the CME to the Chern-Simons term in free energy, perturbative and non-perturbative. The perturbative term comes from the fermions living in the vicinity of the Weyl point, where the fermions are "relativistic" and obey the Weyl equation. The non-perturbative term originates from the deep vacuum, being determined by the separation of the two Weyl points in momentum space. Both terms are obtained using the Adler-Bell-Jackiw equation for chiral anomaly, and both agree with the results of the microscopic calculations in the "trans-Planckian" region. Existence of the two nonequivalent forms of the Chern-Simons term demonstrates that the results obtained within the RQFT depend on the specific properties of the underlying quantum vacuum and may reflect different physical phenomena in the same vacuum.

Influence of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Refractory CoCrMoNbTi0.4 High-Entropy Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Mina; Zhou, Xianglin; Zhu, Wuzhi; Li, Jinghao

2018-04-01

A novel refractory CoCrMoNbTi0.4 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was prepared via vacuum arc melting. After annealing treatment at different temperatures, the microstructure evolution, phase stability, and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The alloy was composed of two primary body-centered cubic structures (BCC1 and BCC2) and a small amount of (Co, Cr)2Nb-type Laves phase under different annealing conditions. The microhardness and compressive strength of the heat-treated alloy was significantly enhanced by the solid-solution strengthening of the BCC phase matrix and newborn Laves phase. Especially, the alloy annealed at 1473 K (1200 °C) achieved the maximum hardness and compressive strength values of 959 ± 2 HV0.5 and 1790 MPa, respectively, owing to the enhanced volume fraction of the dispersed Laves phase. In particular, the HEAs exhibited promising high-temperature mechanical performance, when heated to an elevated temperature of 1473 K (1200 °C), with a compressive fracture strength higher than 580 MPa without fracture at a strain of more than 20 pct. This study suggests that the present refractory HEAs have immense potential for engineering applications as a new class of high-temperature structural materials.

Evolutionary processes and sources of high-nitrate haze episodes over Beijing, Spring.

PubMed

Yang, Ting; Sun, Yele; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Zifa; Liu, Xingang; Fu, Pingqing; Wang, Xiquan

2017-04-01

Rare and consecutive high-nitrate haze pollution episodes were observed in Beijing in spring 2012. We present detailed characterization of the sources and evolutionary mechanisms of this haze pollution, and focus on an episode that occurred between 15 and 26 April. Submicron aerosol species were found to be substantially elevated during haze episodes, and nitrates showed the largest increase and occupation (average: 32.2%) in non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM 1 ), which did not occur in other seasons as previously reported. The haze episode (HE) was divided into three sub-episodes, HEa, HEb, and HEc. During HEa and HEc, a shallow boundary layer, stagnant meteorological conditions, and high humidity favored the formation of high-nitrate concentrations, which were mainly produced by three different processes - daytime photochemical production, gas-particle partitioning, and nighttime heterogeneous reactions - and the decline in visibility was mainly induced by NR-PM 1. However, unlike HEa and HEc, during HEb, the contribution of high nitrates was partly from the transport of haze from the southeast of Beijing - the transport pathway was observed at ~800-1000m by aerosol Lidar - and the decline in visibility during HEb was primarily caused by PM 2.5 . Our results provide useful information for air quality improvement strategies in Beijing during Spring. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

45 CFR 309.35 - What are the procedures for review of a Tribal IV-D program application, plan or plan amendment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-D program application, plan or plan amendment? 309.35 Section 309.35 Public Welfare Regulations... ENFORCEMENT (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Application Procedures § 309.35 What are the procedures for review of a Tribal IV-D program application, plan or plan amendment? (a) The Secretary will promptly...

Anti-Oxidative Defences Are Modulated Differentially in Three Freshwater Teleosts in Response to Ammonia-Induced Oxidative Stress

PubMed Central

Giblen, Terri; Zinta, Gaurav; De Rop, Michelle; Asard, Han; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2014-01-01

Oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (HEA) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid Cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid Carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mM ammonia (as NH4HCO3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 84 h and 180 h. Results show that HEA exposure increased ammonia accumulation significantly in the liver of all the three fish species from 24 h–48 h onwards which was associated with an increment in oxidative stress, evidenced by elevation of xanthine oxidase activity and levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Unlike in trout, H2O2 and MDA accumulation in carp and goldfish liver was restored to control levels (84 h–180 h); which was accompanied by a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbate content. Many of these defence parameters remained unaffected in trout liver, while components of the glutathione redox cycle (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) enhanced to a greater extent. The present findings suggest that trout rely mainly on glutathione dependent defensive mechanism while carp utilize SOD, CAT and ascorbate as anti-oxidative sentinels. Hepatic cells of goldfish appear to utilize each of these protective systems, and showed more effective anti-oxidative compensatory responses towards HEA than carp, while trout were least effective. The present work also indicates that HEA exposure resulted in a relatively mild oxidative stress in the gills of all three species. This probably explains the almost complete lack of anti-oxidative responses in branchial tissue. This research suggests that oxidative stress, as well as the antioxidant potential clearly differ between salmonid and cyprinid species. PMID:24740135

Strain rate sensitivity of a TRIP-assisted dual-phase high-entropy alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basu, Silva; Li, Zhiming; Pradeep, K. G.; Raabe, Dierk

2018-05-01

Dual-phase high-entropy alloys (DP-HEAs) with transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) have an excellent strength-ductility combination. To reveal their strain-rate sensitivity and hence further understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms, we investigated the tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a typical TRIP-DP-HEA (Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10, at. %) under different strain rates (i.e., 5 × 10-3 s-1, 1 × 10-3 s-1, 5 × 10-4 s-1 and 1 × 10-4 s-1) at room temperature. The strain rate range was confined to this regime in order to apply the digital image correlation technique for probing the local strain evolution during tensile deformation at high resolution and to correlate it to the microstructure evolution. Grain size effects of the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix and the volume fractions of the hexagonal-close packed (HCP) phase prior to deformation were also considered. The results show that within the explored strain rate regime the TRIP-DP-HEA has a fairly low strain rate sensitivity parameter within the range from 0.004 to 0.04, which is significantly lower than that of DP and TRIP steels. Samples with varying grain sizes (e.g., 2.8 μm and 38 μm) and starting HCP phase fractions (e.g., 25% and 72%) at different strain rates show similar deformation mechanisms, i.e., dislocation plasticity and strain-induced transformation from the FCC matrix to the HCP phase. The low strain rate sensitivity is attributed to the observed dominant displacive transformation mechanism. Also, the coarse-grained alloy samples with a very high starting HCP phase fraction ( 72%) prior to deformation show very good ductility with a total elongation of 60%, suggesting that both, the initial and the transformed HCP phase in the TRIP-DP-HEA are ductile and deform further via dislocation slip at the different strain rates which were probed.

Microstructural Evolution of AlCoCrFeNiSi High-Entropy Alloy Powder during Mechanical Alloying and Its Coating Performance

PubMed Central

Fu, Ming; Xiong, Wei

2018-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising structural materials due to their excellent comprehensive performances. The use of mechanically alloyed powders to deposit HEA coatings through atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is an effective approach that can broaden the application areas of the HEAs. In this paper, a ductility–brittleness AlCoCrFeNiSi system was chosen as an object of study, and the detailed evolution of the surface morphology, particle size distribution, and microstructure of the powder during mechanical alloying was investigated. An AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating was deposited using powder milled for 10 h, which can be used as an ideal feedstock for APS. The surface morphology, microstructure, microhardness, and wear behavior of the coating at room temperature were investigated. The results showed that as the milling time increased, the particle size first increased, and then decreased. At the milling time of 10 h, simple body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution phases were formed. After spraying, the lamellar structure inside a single particle disappeared. An ordered BCC phase was detected, and the diffraction peaks of the Si element also disappeared, which indicates that phase transformation occurred during plasma spraying. A transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that nanometer crystalline grains with a grain size of about 30 nm existed in the APS coating. For the coating, an average microhardness of 612 ± 41 HV was obtained. Adhesive wear, tribo-oxidation wear, and slight abrasion wear took place during the wear test. The coating showed good wear resistance, with a volume wear rate of 0.38 ± 0.08 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1, which makes it a promising coating for use in abrasive environments. PMID:29473872

Pre-acclimation to low ammonia improves ammonia handling in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) when exposed subsequently to high environmental ammonia.

PubMed

Shrivastava, Jyotsna; Sinha, Amit Kumar; Datta, Surjya Narayan; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2016-11-01

We tested whether exposing fish to low ammonia concentrations induced acclimation processes and helped fish to tolerate subsequent (sub)lethal ammonia exposure by activating ammonia excretory pathways. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were pre-exposed to 0.27mM ammonia (∼10% 96h LC 50 ) for 3, 7 and 14days. Thereafter, each of these pre-exposed and parallel naïve groups were exposed to 1.35mM high environmental ammonia (HEA, ∼50% 96h LC 50 ) for 12h and 48h to assess the occurrence of ammonia acclimation based on sub-lethal end-points, and to lethal ammonia concentrations (2.7mM, 96h LC 50 ) in order to assess improved survival time. Results show that fish pre-exposed to ammonia for 3 and 7days had a longer survival time than the ammonia naïve fish. However, this effect disappeared after prolonged (14days) pre-exposure. Ammonia excretion rate (J amm ) was strongly inhibited (or even reversed) in the unacclimated groups during HEA. On the contrary, after 3days the pre-exposure fish maintained J amm while after 7days these pre-acclimated fish were able to increase J amm efficiently. Again, this effect disappeared after 14days of pre-acclimation. The efficient ammonia efflux in pre-acclimated fish was associated with the up-regulation of branchial mRNA expression of ammonia transporters and exchangers. Pre-exposure with ammonia for 3-7days stimulated an increment in the transcript level of gill Rhcg-a and Rhcg-b mRNA relative to the naïve control group and the up-regulation of these two Rhcg homologs was reinforced during subsequent HEA exposure. No effect of pre-exposure was noted for Rhbg. Relative to unacclimated fish, the transcript level of Na + /H + exchangers (NHE-3) was raised in 3-7days pre-acclimated fish and remained higher during the subsequent HEA exposure while gill H + -ATPase activities and mRNA levels were not affected by pre-acclimation episodes. Likewise, ammonia pre-acclimated fish with or without HEA exposure displayed pronounced up-regulation in Na + /K + -ATPase activity and mRNA expression relative to the corresponding ammonia naïve groups. Overall, these data suggest that ammonia acclimation was evident for both lethal and the sub-lethal endpoints through priming mechanisms in ammonia excretory transcriptional processes, but these acclimation effects were transient and disappeared after prolonged pre-exposure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

45 CFR 309.150 - What start-up costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(b) of this...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What start-up costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D... ENFORCEMENT (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.150 What start-up costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(b) of this part? Federal funds are available for costs of...

Mechanical Properties of TiTaHfNbZr High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Deposited on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Motallebzadeh, A.; Yagci, M. B.; Bedir, E.; Aksoy, C. B.; Canadinc, D.

2018-04-01

TiTaHfNbZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) thin films with thicknesses of about 750 and 1500 nm were deposited on NiTi substrates by RF magnetron sputtering using TiTaHfNbZr equimolar targets. The thorough experimental analysis on microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited films revealed that the TiTaHfNbZr films exhibited amorphous and cauliflower-like structure, where grain size and surface roughness increased concomitant with film thickness. More importantly, the current findings demonstrate that the TiTaHfNbZr HEA films with mechanical properties of the same order as those of the NiTi substrate constitute promising biomedical coatings effective in preventing Ni release.

Mechanical Properties of TiTaHfNbZr High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Deposited on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Motallebzadeh, A.; Yagci, M. B.; Bedir, E.; Aksoy, C. B.; Canadinc, D.

2018-06-01

TiTaHfNbZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) thin films with thicknesses of about 750 and 1500 nm were deposited on NiTi substrates by RF magnetron sputtering using TiTaHfNbZr equimolar targets. The thorough experimental analysis on microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited films revealed that the TiTaHfNbZr films exhibited amorphous and cauliflower-like structure, where grain size and surface roughness increased concomitant with film thickness. More importantly, the current findings demonstrate that the TiTaHfNbZr HEA films with mechanical properties of the same order as those of the NiTi substrate constitute promising biomedical coatings effective in preventing Ni release.

45 CFR 309.155 - What uses of Tribal IV-D program funds are not allowable?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT (CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program... used for: (a) Activities related to administering other programs, including those under the Social...

Matrix effect on baked egg tolerance in children with IgE-mediated hen's egg allergy.

PubMed

Miceli Sopo, Stefano; Greco, Monica; Cuomo, Barbara; Bianchi, Annamaria; Liotti, Lucia; Monaco, Serena; Dello Iacono, Iride

2016-08-01

Children with IgE-mediated hen's egg allergy (IgE-HEA) often tolerate baked egg within a wheat matrix. To evaluate the influence of wheat matrix and the effects of little standardized cooking procedures on baked egg tolerance. Fifty-four children with IgE-HEA were enrolled. They underwent prick-by-prick (PbP) tests and open oral food challenges (OFC) performed with baked HE within a wheat matrix (a home-made cake, locally called ciambellone), baked HE without a wheat matrix (in the form of an omelet, locally named frittata) and boiled HE. Three months after passing ciambellone OFC, parents were asked to answer a survey. About 88% of children tolerated ciambellone, 74% frittata, and 56% boiled HE. Negative predictive value of PbP performed with ciambellone, frittata, and boiled HE was 100%. No IgE-mediated adverse reactions were detected at follow-up carried out by the survey. Wheat matrix seemed to be relevant only in few cases. If our results will be confirmed by larger studies, a negative PbP with ciambellone, frittata, or boiled HE will allow patients with IgE-HEA to eat these foods without undergoing OFC. Moreover, our study showed that very strict standardized cooking procedures do not seem to be essential, to guarantee tolerance toward baked HE. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ordering Transformations in High-Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Prashant; Johnson, Duane D.

The high-temperature disordered phase of multi-component alloys, including high-entropy alloys (HEA), generally must experience segregation or else passes through partially-ordered phases to reach the low-temperature, fully-ordered phase. Our first-principles KKR-CPA-based atomic short-range ordering (SRO) calculations (analyzed as concentration-waves) reveal the competing partially and fully ordered phases in HEA, and these phases can be then directly assessed from KKR-CPA results in larger unit cells [Phys. Rev. B 91, 224204 (2015)]. For AlxCrFeNiTi0.25, Liu et al. [J Alloys Compd 619, 610 (2015)] experimentally find FCC+BCC coexistence that changes to BCC with increasing Al (x from 0-to-1), which then exhibits a partially-ordered B2 at low temperatures. CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) predicts a region with L21+B2 coexistence. From KKR-CPA calculations, we find crossover versus Al from FCC+BCC coexistence to BCC, as observed, and regions for partially-order B2+L21 coexistence, as suggest by CALPHAD. Our combined first-principles KKR-CPA method provides a powerful approach in predicting SRO and completing long-range order in HEA and other complex alloys. Supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Work was performed at Ames Laboratory, which is operated by Iowa State University for the U.S. DOE under Contract #DE-AC02-07CH11358.

Atomistic clustering-ordering and high-strain deformation of an Al0.1CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy

PubMed Central

Sharma, Aayush; Singh, Prashant; Johnson, Duane D.; Liaw, Peter K.; Balasubramanian, Ganesh

2016-01-01

Computational investigations of structural, chemical, and deformation behavior in high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which possess notable mechanical strength, have been limited due to the absence of applicable force fields. To extend investigations, we propose a set of intermolecular potential parameters for a quinary Al-Cr-Co-Fe-Ni alloy, using the available ternary Embedded Atom Method and Lennard-Jones potential in classical molecular-dynamics simulations. The simulation results are validated by a comparison to first-principles Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) - Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) [KKR-CPA] calculations for the HEA structural properties (lattice constants and bulk moduli), relative stability, pair probabilities, and high-temperature short-range ordering. The simulation (MD)-derived properties are in quantitative agreement with KKR-CPA calculations (first-principles) and experiments. We study AlxCrCoFeNi for Al ranging from 0 ≤ x ≤2 mole fractions, and find that the HEA shows large chemical clustering over a wide temperature range for x < 0.5. At various temperatures high-strain compression promotes atomistic rearrangements in Al0.1CrCoFeNi, resulting in a clustering-to-ordering transition that is absent for tensile loading. Large fluctuations under stress, and at higher temperatures, are attributed to the thermo-plastic instability in Al0.1CrCoFeNi. PMID:27498807

Atomistic clustering-ordering and high-strain deformation of an Al 0.1CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharma, Aayush; Singh, Prashant; Johnson, Duane D.

2016-08-08

Here, computational investigations of structural, chemical, and deformation behavior in high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which possess notable mechanical strength, have been limited due to the absence of applicable force fields. To extend investigations, we propose a set of intermolecular potential parameters for a quinary Al-Cr-Co-Fe-Ni alloy, using the available ternary Embedded Atom Method and Lennard-Jones potential in classical molecular-dynamics simulations. The simulation results are validated by a comparison to first-principles Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) - Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) [KKR-CPA] calculations for the HEA structural properties (lattice constants and bulk moduli), relative stability, pair probabilities, and high-temperature short-range ordering. The simulation (MD)-derived propertiesmore » are in quantitative agreement with KKR-CPA calculations (first-principles) and experiments. We study Al xCrCoFeNi for Al ranging from 0 ≤ x ≤2 mole fractions, and find that the HEA shows large chemical clustering over a wide temperature range for x < 0.5. At various temperatures high-strain compression promotes atomistic rearrangements in Al 0.1CrCoFeNi, resulting in a clustering-to-ordering transition that is absent for tensile loading. Large fluctuations under stress, and at higher temperatures, are attributed to the thermo-plastic instability in Al 0.1CrCoFeNi.« less

Cu assisted stabilization and nucleation of L1 2 precipitates in Al 0.3 CuFeCrNi 2 fcc-based high entropy alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gwalani, B.; Choudhuri, D.; Soni, V.

2017-05-01

A detailed investigation of precipitation of the ordered L12 (γ’) phase in a Al0.3CrCuFeNi2 high entropy alloy (HEA), more generally referred to as a complex concentrated alloy (CCA), reveals the role of copper (Cu) on stabilization and precipitation of the ordered L12 ( γ’) phase. Detailed characterization via coupling of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography revealed novel insights into Cu clustering within the face-centered cubic matrix of this HEA, leading to heterogeneous nucleation sites for the γ’ precipitates. The subsequent partitioning of Cu into the γ’ precipitates indicates their stabilization is due to Cu addition. Themore » γ’ order-disorder transition temperature was determined to be ~930 _C in this alloy, based on synchrotron diffraction experiments, involving in situ annealing. The growth and high temperature stability of the γ’ precipitates was also confirmed via systematic scanning electron microscopy investigations of samples annealed at temperatures in the range of 700-900 oC. The role of Cu revealed by this study can be employed in the design of precipitation strengthened HEAs, as well as in a more general sense applied to other types of superalloys, with the objective of potentially enhancing their mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures« less

Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Yonggang; Huang, Zhennan; Xie, Pengfei; Lacey, Steven D.; Jacob, Rohit Jiji; Xie, Hua; Chen, Fengjuan; Nie, Anmin; Pu, Tiancheng; Rehwoldt, Miles; Yu, Daiwei; Zachariah, Michael R.; Wang, Chao; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza; Li, Ju; Hu, Liangbing

2018-03-01

The controllable incorporation of multiple immiscible elements into a single nanoparticle merits untold scientific and technological potential, yet remains a challenge using conventional synthetic techniques. We present a general route for alloying up to eight dissimilar elements into single-phase solid-solution nanoparticles, referred to as high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs), by thermally shocking precursor metal salt mixtures loaded onto carbon supports [temperature ~2000 kelvin (K), 55-millisecond duration, rate of ~105 K per second]. We synthesized a wide range of multicomponent nanoparticles with a desired chemistry (composition), size, and phase (solid solution, phase-separated) by controlling the carbothermal shock (CTS) parameters (substrate, temperature, shock duration, and heating/cooling rate). To prove utility, we synthesized quinary HEA-NPs as ammonia oxidation catalysts with ~100% conversion and >99% nitrogen oxide selectivity over prolonged operations.

75 FR 56522 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-16

... process improvement, the Department routinely conducts a review of the application data elements to... amended (HEA), mandates that the Secretary of Education ``* * * shall produce, distribute, and process... 56523

Assessment of predictive models for chlorophyll-a concentration of a tropical lake

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background This study assesses four predictive ecological models; Fuzzy Logic (FL), Recurrent Artificial Neural Network (RANN), Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm (HEA) and multiple linear regressions (MLR) to forecast chlorophyll- a concentration using limnological data from 2001 through 2004 of unstratified shallow, oligotrophic to mesotrophic tropical Putrajaya Lake (Malaysia). Performances of the models are assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (r), and Area under the Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Chlorophyll-a have been used to estimate algal biomass in aquatic ecosystem as it is common in most algae. Algal biomass indicates of the trophic status of a water body. Chlorophyll- a therefore, is an effective indicator for monitoring eutrophication which is a common problem of lakes and reservoirs all over the world. Assessments of these predictive models are necessary towards developing a reliable algorithm to estimate chlorophyll- a concentration for eutrophication management of tropical lakes. Results Same data set was used for models development and the data was divided into two sets; training and testing to avoid biasness in results. FL and RANN models were developed using parameters selected through sensitivity analysis. The selected variables were water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and Secchi depth. Dissolved oxygen, selected through stepwise procedure, was used to develop the MLR model. HEA model used parameters selected using genetic algorithm (GA). The selected parameters were pH, Secchi depth, dissolved oxygen and nitrate nitrogen. RMSE, r, and AUC values for MLR model were (4.60, 0.5, and 0.76), FL model were (4.49, 0.6, and 0.84), RANN model were (4.28, 0.7, and 0.79) and HEA model were (4.27, 0.7, and 0.82) respectively. Performance inconsistencies between four models in terms of performance criteria in this study resulted from the methodology used in measuring the performance. RMSE is based on the level of error of prediction whereas AUC is based on binary classification task. Conclusions Overall, HEA produced the best performance in terms of RMSE, r, and AUC values. This was followed by FL, RANN, and MLR. PMID:22372859

34 CFR 675.9 - Student eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... financial need if that religious order— (1) Has as its primary objective the promotion of ideals and beliefs... of the HEA. A member of a religious order (an order, community, society, agency, or organization) who...

Highly effective action from large N gauge fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hyun Seok

2014-10-01

Recently Schwarz put forward a conjecture that the world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in an AdS5×S5 background of type IIB superstring theory can be reinterpreted as the highly effective action (HEA) of four-dimensional N =4 superconformal field theory on the Coulomb branch. We argue that the HEA can be derived from the noncommutative (NC) field theory representation of the AdS/CFT correspondence and the Seiberg-Witten (SW) map defining a spacetime field redefinition between ordinary and NC gauge fields. It is based only on the well-known facts that the master fields of large N matrices are higher-dimensional NC U(1) gauge fields and the SW map is a local coordinate transformation eliminating U(1) gauge fields known as the Darboux theorem in symplectic geometry.

Use of an acoustic helium analyzer for measuring lung volumes.

PubMed

Krumpe, P E; MacDannald, H J; Finley, T N; Schear, H E; Hall, J; Cribbs, D

1981-01-01

We have evaluated the use of an acoustic gas analyzer (AGA) for the measurement of total lung capacity (TLC) by single-breath helium dilution. The AGA has a rapid response time (0-90% response = 160 ms for 10% He), is linear for helium concentration of 0.1-10%, is stable over a wide range of ambient temperatures, and is small and portable. We plotted the output of the AGA vs. expired lung volume after a vital capacity breath of 10% He. However, since the AGA is sensitive to changes in speed of sound relative to air, the AGA output signal also reports an artifact due to alveolar gases. We corrected for this artifact by replotting a single-breath expiration after a vital capacity breath of room air. Mean alveolar helium concentration (HeA) was then measured by planimetry, using this alveolar gas curve as the base line. TLC was calculated using the HeA from the corrected AGA output and compared with TLC calculated from HeA simultaneously measured using a mass spectrometer (MS). In 12 normal subjects and 9 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) TLC-AGA and TLC-MS were compared by linear regression analysis; correlation coefficient (r) was 0.973 for normals and 0.968 for COPD patients (P less than 0.001). This single-breath; estimation of TLC using the corrected signal of the AGA vs. Expired volume seems ideally suited for the measurement of subdivisions of lung volume in field studies.

Size effect, critical resolved shear stress, stacking fault energy, and solid solution strengthening in the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.

PubMed

Okamoto, Norihiko L; Fujimoto, Shu; Kambara, Yuki; Kawamura, Marino; Chen, Zhenghao M T; Matsunoshita, Hirotaka; Tanaka, Katsushi; Inui, Haruyuki; George, Easo P

2016-10-24

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) comprise a novel class of scientifically and technologically interesting materials. Among these, equatomic CrMnFeCoNi with the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is noteworthy because its ductility and strength increase with decreasing temperature while maintaining outstanding fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Here we report for the first time by single-crystal micropillar compression that its bulk room temperature critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is ~33-43 MPa, ~10 times higher than that of pure nickel. CRSS depends on pillar size with an inverse power-law scaling exponent of -0.63 independent of orientation. Planar ½ < 110 > {111} dislocations dissociate into Shockley partials whose separations range from ~3.5-4.5 nm near the screw orientation to ~5-8 nm near the edge, yielding a stacking fault energy of 30 ± 5 mJ/m 2 . Dislocations are smoothly curved without any preferred line orientation indicating no significant anisotropy in mobilities of edge and screw segments. The shear-modulus-normalized CRSS of the HEA is not exceptionally high compared to those of certain concentrated binary FCC solid solutions. Its rough magnitude calculated using the Fleischer/Labusch models corresponds to that of a hypothetical binary with the elastic constants of our HEA, solute concentrations of 20-50 at.%, and atomic size misfit of ~4%.

Size effect, critical resolved shear stress, stacking fault energy, and solid solution strengthening in the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy

PubMed Central

Okamoto, Norihiko L.; Fujimoto, Shu; Kambara, Yuki; Kawamura, Marino; Chen, Zhenghao M. T.; Matsunoshita, Hirotaka; Tanaka, Katsushi; Inui, Haruyuki; George, Easo P.

2016-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) comprise a novel class of scientifically and technologically interesting materials. Among these, equatomic CrMnFeCoNi with the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is noteworthy because its ductility and strength increase with decreasing temperature while maintaining outstanding fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Here we report for the first time by single-crystal micropillar compression that its bulk room temperature critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is ~33–43 MPa, ~10 times higher than that of pure nickel. CRSS depends on pillar size with an inverse power-law scaling exponent of –0.63 independent of orientation. Planar ½ < 110 > {111} dislocations dissociate into Shockley partials whose separations range from ~3.5–4.5 nm near the screw orientation to ~5–8 nm near the edge, yielding a stacking fault energy of 30 ± 5 mJ/m2. Dislocations are smoothly curved without any preferred line orientation indicating no significant anisotropy in mobilities of edge and screw segments. The shear-modulus-normalized CRSS of the HEA is not exceptionally high compared to those of certain concentrated binary FCC solid solutions. Its rough magnitude calculated using the Fleischer/Labusch models corresponds to that of a hypothetical binary with the elastic constants of our HEA, solute concentrations of 20–50 at.%, and atomic size misfit of ~4%. PMID:27775026

Microstructure and corrosion properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Qingfeng; Feng, Kai; Li, Zhuguo; Lu, Fenggui; Li, Ruifeng; Huang, Jian; Wu, Yixiong

2017-02-01

Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy (HEA) is one of the most notable single phase multi-component alloys up-to-date with promising mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. However, the study on the corrosion behavior of CrMnFeCoNi HEA coating has still been lacking. In this paper, HEA coating with a nominal composition of CrMnFeCoNi is fabricated by laser surface alloying and studied in detail. Microstructure and chemical composition are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate the corrosion behavior. The coating forms a simple FCC phase with an identical dendritic structure composed of Fe/Co/Ni-rich dendrites and Mn/Ni-rich interdendrites. Both in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and 0.5 M sulfuric acid the coating exhibits nobler corrosion resistance than A36 steel substrate and even lower icorr than 304 stainless steel (304SS). EIS plots coupled with fitted parameters reveal that a spontaneous protective film is formed and developed during immersion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The fitted Rt value reaches its maximum at 24 h during a 48 h' immersion test, indicating the passive film starts to break down after that. EDS analysis conducted on a corroded surface immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 reveals that corrosion starts from Cr-depleted interdendrites.

Understanding of the Elemental Diffusion Behavior in Concentrated Solid Solution Alloys

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Fan; Jin, Ke; ...

2017-07-13

As one of the core effects on the high-temperature structural stability, the so-called “sluggish diffusion effect” in high-entropy alloy (HEA) has attracted much attention. Experimental investigations on the diffusion kinetics have been carried out in a few HEA systems, such as Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni and Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni. However, the mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear. To better understand the diffusion kinetics of the HEAs, a combined computational/experimental approach is employed in the current study. In the present work, a self-consistent atomic mobility database is developed for the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni quinary system. The simulated diffusion coefficients and concentration profilesmore » using this database can well describe the experimental data both from this work and the literatures. The validated mobility database is then used to calculate the tracer diffusion coefficients of Ni in the subsystems of the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system with equiatomic ratios. The comparisons of these calculated diffusion coefficients reveal that the diffusion of Ni is not inevitably more sluggish with increasing number of components in the subsystem even with homologous temperature. Taking advantage of computational thermodynamics, the diffusivities of alloying elements with composition and/or temperature are also calculated. Furthermore, these calculations provide us an overall picture of the diffusion kinetics within the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system.« less

The Oral Provocation Test for Raw Egg in Patients with Hen Egg Allergy.

PubMed

Kido, Jun; Nishi, Natsuko; Matsumoto, Tomoaki

2018-06-06

Many researchers have made efforts to develop diagnostic tools for predicting the outcome of oral food challenges (OFCs). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the skin prick test (SPT) and blood-specific IgE concentrations based on the outcome of the OFCs for heated and raw hen egg. This study included 103 children with suspected hen egg allergy (HEA; median age 23 months, range 10-155; 72 boys, 31 girls). Forty-three patients were diagnosed with HEA by OFC. Of 60 patients who tolerated heated egg white (HEW), 22 underwent the OFC for raw hen egg and 7 developed adverse reactions after ingesting raw egg. Their wheal diameters and specific IgE levels for egg white and ovomucoid were determined. Wheal diameters as well as blood-specific IgE levels for egg white and ovomucoid were significantly larger in children with positive OFC results for HEW than in those with negative results. However, there were no significant differences between the positive and negative test results for raw hen egg white (REW) in wheal diameter or blood-specific IgE levels. The SPT and blood-specific IgE can be used to diagnose HEA. However, the provocation test for REW in children without HEW allergy is important because the values of SPT and specific IgE were not significantly different between children with and without raw egg allergy. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DIVWAG Model Documentation. Volume II. Programmer/Analyst Manual. Part 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

Model Constant Data Deck Structure . .. .... IV-13-A-40 Appendix B. Movement Model Program Descriptions . .. .. . .IV-13-B-1 1. Introduction...Data ................ IV-15-A-17 11. Airmobile Constant Data Deck Structure .. ...... .. IV-15-A-30 Appendix B. Airmobile Model Program Descriptions...Make no changes. 12. AIRMOBILE CONSTANT DATA DECK STRUCTURE . The deck structure required by the Airmobile Model constant data load program and the data

40 CFR 147.650 - State-administrative program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Idaho § 147.650 State-administrative program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The UIC program for Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Idaho, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by the Idaho Department of Water Resources, approved by EPA pursuant to...

Heavy truck casualty collisions, 2001-2005

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

This document reviews casualty collisions (fatalities and injuries) involving heavy trucks in Canada : from 2001 to 2005. Collisions involving heavy trucks include all vehicles in these collisions, such as : passenger cars, light trucks and vans, hea...

45 CFR 233.145 - Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social Security Act. 233.145 Section 233.145 Public Welfare... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS § 233.145 Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X..., enacted July 30, 1965, no payment may be made to any State under title I, IV-A, X, XIV or XVI of the...

45 CFR 233.145 - Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social Security Act. 233.145 Section 233.145 Public Welfare... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS § 233.145 Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X..., enacted July 30, 1965, no payment may be made to any State under title I, IV-A, X, XIV or XVI of the...

45 CFR 233.145 - Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social Security Act. 233.145 Section 233.145 Public Welfare... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS § 233.145 Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X..., enacted July 30, 1965, no payment may be made to any State under title I, IV-A, X, XIV or XVI of the...

45 CFR 233.145 - Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social Security Act. 233.145 Section 233.145 Public Welfare... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS § 233.145 Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X..., enacted July 30, 1965, no payment may be made to any State under title I, IV-A, X, XIV or XVI of the...

45 CFR 233.145 - Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... titles I, IV-A, X, XIV and XVI of the Social Security Act. 233.145 Section 233.145 Public Welfare... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS § 233.145 Expiration of medical assistance programs under titles I, IV-A, X..., enacted July 30, 1965, no payment may be made to any State under title I, IV-A, X, XIV or XVI of the...

Nutritional Status as the Key Modulator of Antioxidant Responses Induced by High Environmental Ammonia and Salinity Stress in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

PubMed

Sinha, Amit Kumar; AbdElgawad, Hamada; Zinta, Gaurav; Dasan, Antony Franklin; Rasoloniriana, Rindra; Asard, Han; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2015-01-01

Salinity fluctuation is one of the main factors affecting the overall fitness of marine fish. In addition, water borne ammonia may occur simultaneously with salinity stress. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may encounter food deprivation. The physiological and ion-osmo regulatory adaptive capacities to cope with all these stressors alone or in combination are extensively addressed in fish. To date, studies revealing the modulation of antioxidant potential as compensatory response to multiple stressors are rather lacking. Therefore, the present work evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity challenge, ammonia toxicity and nutritional status on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in a marine teleost, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were acclimated to normal seawater (32 ppt), to brackish water (20 ppt and 10 ppt) and to hypo-saline water (2.5 ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20 mg/L representing 50% of 96h LC50 value for ammonia) for 12 h, 48 h, 84 h and 180 h, and were either fed (2% body weight) or fasted (unfed for 7 days prior to HEA exposure). Results show that in response to decreasing salinities, oxidative stress indices such as xanthine oxidase activity, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) increased in the hepatic tissue of fasted fish but remained unaffected in fed fish. HEA exposure at normal salinity (32 ppt) and at reduced salinities (20 ppt and 10 ppt) increased ammonia accumulation significantly (84 h-180 h) in both feeding regimes which was associated with an increment of H2O2 and MDA contents. Unlike in fasted fish, H2O2 and MDA levels in fed fish were restored to control levels (84 h-180 h); with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), components of the glutathione redox cycle (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and reduced ascorbate (ASC) content. On the contrary, fasted fish could not activate many of these protective systems and rely mainly on CAT and ASC dependent pathways as antioxidative sentinels. The present findings exemplify that in fed fish single factors and a combination of HEA exposure and reduced seawater salinities (upto 10 ppt) were insufficient to cause oxidative damage due to the highly competent antioxidant system compared to fasted fish. However, the impact of HEA exposure at a hypo-saline environment (2.5 ppt) also defied antioxidant defence system in fed fish, suggesting this combined factor is beyond the tolerance range for both feeding groups. Overall, our results indicate that the oxidative stress mediated by the experimental conditions were exacerbated during starvation, and also suggest that feed deprivation particularly at reduced seawater salinities can instigate fish more susceptible to ammonia toxicity.

Nutritional Status as the Key Modulator of Antioxidant Responses Induced by High Environmental Ammonia and Salinity Stress in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

PubMed Central

Zinta, Gaurav; Dasan, Antony Franklin; Rasoloniriana, Rindra; Asard, Han; Blust, Ronny; De Boeck, Gudrun

2015-01-01

Salinity fluctuation is one of the main factors affecting the overall fitness of marine fish. In addition, water borne ammonia may occur simultaneously with salinity stress. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may encounter food deprivation. The physiological and ion-osmo regulatory adaptive capacities to cope with all these stressors alone or in combination are extensively addressed in fish. To date, studies revealing the modulation of antioxidant potential as compensatory response to multiple stressors are rather lacking. Therefore, the present work evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity challenge, ammonia toxicity and nutritional status on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in a marine teleost, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were acclimated to normal seawater (32 ppt), to brackish water (20 ppt and 10 ppt) and to hypo-saline water (2.5 ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20 mg/L representing 50% of 96h LC50 value for ammonia) for 12 h, 48 h, 84 h and 180 h, and were either fed (2% body weight) or fasted (unfed for 7 days prior to HEA exposure). Results show that in response to decreasing salinities, oxidative stress indices such as xanthine oxidase activity, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) increased in the hepatic tissue of fasted fish but remained unaffected in fed fish. HEA exposure at normal salinity (32 ppt) and at reduced salinities (20 ppt and 10 ppt) increased ammonia accumulation significantly (84 h–180 h) in both feeding regimes which was associated with an increment of H2O2 and MDA contents. Unlike in fasted fish, H2O2 and MDA levels in fed fish were restored to control levels (84 h–180 h); with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), components of the glutathione redox cycle (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and reduced ascorbate (ASC) content. On the contrary, fasted fish could not activate many of these protective systems and rely mainly on CAT and ASC dependent pathways as antioxidative sentinels. The present findings exemplify that in fed fish single factors and a combination of HEA exposure and reduced seawater salinities (upto 10 ppt) were insufficient to cause oxidative damage due to the highly competent antioxidant system compared to fasted fish. However, the impact of HEA exposure at a hypo-saline environment (2.5 ppt) also defied antioxidant defence system in fed fish, suggesting this combined factor is beyond the tolerance range for both feeding groups. Overall, our results indicate that the oxidative stress mediated by the experimental conditions were exacerbated during starvation, and also suggest that feed deprivation particularly at reduced seawater salinities can instigate fish more susceptible to ammonia toxicity. PMID:26241315

40 CFR 147.251 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., IV and V wells and Indian lands. 147.251 Section 147.251 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS California § 147.251 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV and V wells and...

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

45 CFR 309.170 - What statistical and narrative reporting requirements apply to Tribal IV-D programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What statistical and narrative reporting... (IV-D) PROGRAM Statistical and Narrative Reporting Requirements § 309.170 What statistical and... organizations must submit the following information and statistics for Tribal IV-D program activity and caseload...

77 FR 19230 - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-30

.... Precious corals fishery and coral reef habitat status. iv. Update on Bio-Sampling Program data summary. v... precious coral fisheries. iv. Coral reef habitat status. v. Update on Bio-Sampling Program and Spearfishing... fisheries. iv. Precious corals fishery and coral reef habitat status. v. Update on Bio-Sampling Program Data...

40 CFR 147.251 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV and V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., IV and V wells and Indian lands. 147.251 Section 147.251 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS California § 147.251 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV and V wells and...

40 CFR 147.301 - EPA-administered program-Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., IV, V wells and Indian lands. 147.301 Section 147.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Colorado § 147.301 EPA-administered program—Class I, III, IV, V wells and Indian...

45 CFR 309.170 - What statistical and narrative reporting requirements apply to Tribal IV-D programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What statistical and narrative reporting... (IV-D) PROGRAM Statistical and Narrative Reporting Requirements § 309.170 What statistical and... organizations must submit the following information and statistics for Tribal IV-D program activity and caseload...

Blueberries and Metabolic Syndrome

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and atherogenic dyslipidemia are among the metabolic alterations that predispose the individual to several adverse cardiovascular complications. The hea...

Scaling Factor Variability and Toxicokinetic Outcomes in Children

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract title: Scaling Factor Variability and Toxicokinetic Outcomes in ChildrenBackgroundBiotransformation rates (Vmax) extrapolated from in vitro data are used increasingly in human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. PBPK models are widely used in human hea...

Systematic review and overview of health economic evaluation models in obesity prevention and therapy.

PubMed

Schwander, Bjoern; Hiligsmann, Mickaël; Nuijten, Mark; Evers, Silvia

2016-10-01

Given the increasing clinical and economic burden of obesity, it is of major importance to identify cost-effective approaches for obesity management. Areas covered: This study aims to systematically review and compile an overview of published decision models for health economic assessments (HEA) in obesity, in order to summarize and compare their key characteristics as well as to identify, inform and guide future research. Of the 4,293 abstracts identified, 87 papers met our inclusion criteria. A wide range of different methodological approaches have been identified. Of the 87 papers, 69 (79%) applied unique /distinctive modelling approaches. Expert commentary: This wide range of approaches suggests the need to develop recommendations /minimal requirements for model-based HEA of obesity. In order to reach this long-term goal, further research is required. Valuable future research steps would be to investigate the predictiveness, validity and quality of the identified modelling approaches.

Hydrogen enhances strength and ductility of an equiatomic high-entropy alloy.

PubMed

Luo, Hong; Li, Zhiming; Raabe, Dierk

2017-08-29

Metals are key materials for modern manufacturing and infrastructures as well as transpot and energy solutions owing to their strength and formability. These properties can severely deteriorate when they contain hydrogen, leading to unpredictable failure, an effect called hydrogen embrittlement. Here we report that hydrogen in an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) leads not to catastrophic weakening, but instead increases both, its strength and ductility. While HEAs originally aimed at entropy-driven phase stabilization, hydrogen blending acts opposite as it reduces phase stability. This effect, quantified by the alloy's stacking fault energy, enables nanotwinning which increases the material's work-hardening. These results turn a bane into a boon: hydrogen does not generally act as a harmful impurity, but can be utilized for tuning beneficial hardening mechanisms. This opens new pathways for the design of strong, ductile, and hydrogen tolerant materials.

Optimizing the coupled effects of Hall-Petch and precipitation strengthening in a Al 0.3 CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gwalani, B.; Soni, Vishal; Lee, Michael

2017-05-01

A successful demonstration of applying integrated strengthening using Hall-Petch strengthening (grains size effect) and precipitation strengthening is shown in the fcc based high entropy alloy (HEA) Al0.3CoCrFeNi, leading to quantitative determinations of the Hall-Petch coefficients for both hardness and tensile yield strength, aswell as the enhancements in the yield strength fromtwo distinct types of ordered precipitates, L12 and B2. An excellent combination of yield strength (~490MPa), ultimate tensile strength (~850MPa), and ductility (~45% elongation) was achieved by optimizing and coupling both strengtheningmechanisms, resulting from a refined grain size as well as both L12 and B2 ordered precipitates. This opens upmore » new avenues for the future development of HEAs, with the appropriate balance of properties required for engineering applications.« less

Simulation and Modeling in High Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toda-Caraballo, I.; Wróbel, J. S.; Nguyen-Manh, D.; Pérez, P.; Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P. E. J.

2017-11-01

High entropy alloys (HEAs) is a fascinating field of research, with an increasing number of new alloys discovered. This would hardly be conceivable without the aid of materials modeling and computational alloy design to investigate the immense compositional space. The simplicity of the microstructure achieved contrasts with the enormous complexity of its composition, which, in turn, increases the variety of property behavior observed. Simulation and modeling techniques are of paramount importance in the understanding of such material performance. There are numerous examples of how different models have explained the observed experimental results; yet, there are theories and approaches developed for conventional alloys, where the presence of one element is predominant, that need to be adapted or re-developed. In this paper, we review of the current state of the art of the modeling techniques applied to explain HEAs properties, identifying the potential new areas of research to improve the predictability of these techniques.

Independent Validation and Verification of automated information systems in the Department of Energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunteman, W.J.; Caldwell, R.

1994-07-01

The Department of Energy (DOE) has established an Independent Validation and Verification (IV&V) program for all classified automated information systems (AIS) operating in compartmented or multi-level modes. The IV&V program was established in DOE Order 5639.6A and described in the manual associated with the Order. This paper describes the DOE IV&V program, the IV&V process and activities, the expected benefits from an IV&V, and the criteria and methodologies used during an IV&V. The first IV&V under this program was conducted on the Integrated Computing Network (ICN) at Los Alamos National Laboratory and several lessons learned are presented. The DOE IV&Vmore » program is based on the following definitions. An IV&V is defined as the use of expertise from outside an AIS organization to conduct validation and verification studies on a classified AIS. Validation is defined as the process of applying the specialized security test and evaluation procedures, tools, and equipment needed to establish acceptance for joint usage of an AIS by one or more departments or agencies and their contractors. Verification is the process of comparing two levels of an AIS specification for proper correspondence (e.g., security policy model with top-level specifications, top-level specifications with source code, or source code with object code).« less

The utilization of intravenous therapy programs in community long-term care nursing facilities.

PubMed

Weinberg, A D; Pals, J K; Wei, J Y

1997-01-01

To determine if non-federal Boston-area long-term care nursing facilities are actively using intravenous (IV) therapy as a form of treatment, the specific design of such programs and to assess the availability of central line IVs, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes and hypodermoclysis for hydration in this setting. DESIGN/SETTINGS: A prospective telephone survey of 100 Boston-area skilled nursing facilities, each with a minimum of 50 beds and representing a total of 12,763 beds, certified to provide both Medicaid (Title-19) and Medicare services, to ascertain their ability to provide IV and other modes of hydration for their residents. A series of questions were asked of a member of the staff knowledgeable in the operations of the nursing facility. Questions included whether an IV program was in existence, duration of the program, provider of IV training for nurses, presence of a subacute unit, whether IVs were administered in non-subacute areas, frequency of IV usage, the ability to manage central lines and the use of PEG tubes or hypodermoclysis for hydration. A total of 100 nursing facilities were surveyed between September and October of 1996. A total of 79 nursing facilities had active IV programs (79%) and 54 of those (68%) also managed central lines. However, in those facilities with active IV programs, 73% (N = 58) reported administering a total of less than five IVs per month. Training for 82% of the nursing facilities (N = 65) was by an outside vendor pharmacy and initial training ranged from one to three days in duration. Of the 19 nursing facilities with IV programs available only in subacute or equivalent units, only 26% (N = 5) did not allow direct transfer of residents from other wards into these units. Of the 79 nursing facilities having IV capability, a total of 91% (N = 72) have also used PEG tubes for hydration and nutritional needs although only 6% (N = 5) have ever used hypodermoclysis for hydration. The majority of nursing facilities in the Boston area provide IV programs for their residents, although in limited numbers on a monthly basis. Residents with central lines are admitted in the majority of these nursing facilities although total staff training time is only one to three days. The use of PEG tubes for hydration is quite frequent, although the use of hypodermoclysis was extremely low. Further work is necessary to fully elucidate the clinical implications of whether these programs decrease the need for acute hospitalization or are used mainly in the post-hospitalization (Medicare A-covered) period.

Efficient purification of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) from plasma by HEA HyperCel™: An alternative approach.

PubMed

G, Arun Govind; Kamalanathan, Agamudi Shivasankaran; Vijayalakshmi, Mookambeswaran Arunachalam; Venkataraman, Krishnan

2018-01-15

HDL-ApoA1 plays a pivotal role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. ApoA1 purification from blood plasma has always remained tedious, involving multiple steps, large volumes of plasma and substantial loss in the final yield of pure ApoA1. In this study, a two-step method has been developed and optimized for the purification of ApoA1 from plasma. Plasma was first subjected to 60% ammonium sulphate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 precipitation and subsequently, ApoA1 was recovered using mixed mode chromatographic sorbent, HEA HyperCel™. ApoA1 was found to be enriched in 60% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 supernatant that was dialyzed and injected onto HEA sorbent with 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The bound proteins were eluted by decreasing the pH in step-gradient from pH 7.4 to pH 4.0 and subsequently to pH 3.5 using 50 mM sodium acetate buffer. Gel electrophoresis showed elution of homogeneous apoA1 at pH 3.5, with purity and yield of 63%. An interesting feature of this approach is that the purified ApoA1 was monomeric with a mass of 28,079.30 Da as confirmed by MS analysis. This simple and efficient method of purification of apoA1 serves as an alternative method which can be combined with traditional approaches and has a great potential for biochemical and clinical studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Holospinal epidural abscesses - Institutional experience.

PubMed

Bridges, Kelly J; Than, Khoi D

2018-02-01

The authors present a holospinal epidural abscesses (HEA) case series and a single institution's experience with varied surgical approaches and outcomes. Medical records were queried and reviewed (6 years) for patients with a spinal abscess diagnosis; HEA were selected. Medical history, comorbidities, blood and epidural pathogens, presentation symptoms, abscess location, presence of mass effect, surgical procedures, treatment regimens, and neurological outcomes were collected. Eight patients with HEA were treated; all underwent surgery. In the index procedure, one (12.5%) underwent laminectomy of the entire spinal column, four (50%) focal laminectomies at the area of mass effect, and three (37.5%) skip laminectomies. Of the four patients who initially had focal laminectomies, three (75%) required additional operations for abscess evacuation in other spine regions. Average number of laminectomies per patient was 8.6. Neurologically, 50% of patients improved, 37.5% remained stable, and 12.5% worsened. There was no difference in outcome between patients who underwent skip versus panspinal laminectomies. No differences in outcomes were noted in timing from presentation to surgery (median 5.3 h), location of mass effect, dorsal versus ventral abscesses, or initial symptoms. Of the four patients who had cervical laminectomy without fusion, two developed post-laminectomy kyphosis requiring fusion. Cervical instability occurred in half the patients who underwent cervical laminectomies without fusion, and there were no adverse outcomes in the patients who were fused in the setting of infection. For lower cervical abscess, upper thoracic laminectomy with catheter irrigation may be sufficient for decompression, minimizing risk of future instability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using Habitat Equivalency Analysis to Assess the Cost Effectiveness of Restoration Outcomes in Four Institutional Contexts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scemama, Pierre; Levrel, Harold

2016-01-01

At the national level, with a fixed amount of resources available for public investment in the restoration of biodiversity, it is difficult to prioritize alternative restoration projects. One way to do this is to assess the level of ecosystem services delivered by these projects and to compare them with their costs. The challenge is to derive a common unit of measurement for ecosystem services in order to compare projects which are carried out in different institutional contexts having different goals (application of environmental laws, management of natural reserves, etc.). This paper assesses the use of habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) as a tool to evaluate ecosystem services provided by restoration projects developed in different institutional contexts. This tool was initially developed to quantify the level of ecosystem services required to compensate for non-market impacts coming from accidental pollution in the US. In this paper, HEA is used to assess the cost effectiveness of several restoration projects in relation to different environmental policies, using case studies based in France. Four case studies were used: the creation of a market for wetlands, public acceptance of a port development project, the rehabilitation of marshes to mitigate nitrate loading to the sea, and the restoration of streams in a protected area. Our main conclusion is that HEA can provide a simple tool to clarify the objectives of restoration projects, to compare the cost and effectiveness of these projects, and to carry out trade-offs, without requiring significant amounts of human or technical resources.

Using Habitat Equivalency Analysis to Assess the Cost Effectiveness of Restoration Outcomes in Four Institutional Contexts.

PubMed

Scemama, Pierre; Levrel, Harold

2016-01-01

At the national level, with a fixed amount of resources available for public investment in the restoration of biodiversity, it is difficult to prioritize alternative restoration projects. One way to do this is to assess the level of ecosystem services delivered by these projects and to compare them with their costs. The challenge is to derive a common unit of measurement for ecosystem services in order to compare projects which are carried out in different institutional contexts having different goals (application of environmental laws, management of natural reserves, etc.). This paper assesses the use of habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) as a tool to evaluate ecosystem services provided by restoration projects developed in different institutional contexts. This tool was initially developed to quantify the level of ecosystem services required to compensate for non-market impacts coming from accidental pollution in the US. In this paper, HEA is used to assess the cost effectiveness of several restoration projects in relation to different environmental policies, using case studies based in France. Four case studies were used: the creation of a market for wetlands, public acceptance of a port development project, the rehabilitation of marshes to mitigate nitrate loading to the sea, and the restoration of streams in a protected area. Our main conclusion is that HEA can provide a simple tool to clarify the objectives of restoration projects, to compare the cost and effectiveness of these projects, and to carry out trade-offs, without requiring significant amounts of human or technical resources.

Enterococci in the Environment

EPA Science Inventory

Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human hea...

34 CFR 692.120 - What are the requirements for student eligibility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... following criteria— (A) As designated by the State, either has an EFC equal to zero, as determined under part F of the HEA, or a comparable alternative based on the State's approved criteria for the LEAP...

A molecular dynamics study of the BACE1 conformational change from Apo to closed form induced by hydroxyethylamine derived compounds.

PubMed

Gueto-Tettay, Carlos; Zuchniarz, Joshua; Fortich-Seca, Yeyson; Gueto-Tettay, Luis Roberto; Drosos-Ramirez, Juan Carlos

2016-11-01

BACE1 is an aspartyl protease which is a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of its participation in the rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ-peptide, the accumulation of which produces senile plaques and, in turn, the neurodegenerative effects associated with AD. The active site of this protease is composed in part by two aspartic residues (Asp93 and Asp289). Additionally, the catalytic site has been found to be covered by an antiparallel hairpin loop called the flap. The dynamics of this flap are fundamental to the catalytic function of the enzyme. When BACE1 is inactive (Apo), the flap adopts an open conformation, allowing a substrate or inhibitor to access the active site. Subsequent interaction with the ligand induces flap closure and the stabilization of the macromolecular complex. Further, the protonation state of the aspartic dyad is affected by the chemical nature of the species entering the active site, so that appropriate selection of protonation states for the ligand and the catalytic residues will permit the elucidation of the inhibitory pathway for BACE1. In the present study, comparative analysis of different combinations of protonation states for the BACE1-hydroxyethylamine (HEA) system is reported. HEAs are potent inhibitors of BACE1 with favorable pharmacological and kinetic properties, as well as oral bioavailability. The results of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and population density calculations using 8 different parameters demonstrate that the LnAsp289 configuration (HEA with a neutral amine and the Asp289 residue protonated) is the only one which permits the expected conformational change in BACE1, from apo to closed form, after flap closure. Additionally, differences in their capacities to establish and maintain interactions with residues such as Asp93, Gly95, Thr133, Asp289, Gly291, and Asn294 during this step allow differentiation among the inhibitory activities of the HEAs. The results and methodology here reported will serve to elucidate the inhibitory pathway of other families of compounds that act as BACE1 inhibitors, as well as the design of better leader compounds for the treatment of AD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Self-Instructional Course in Student Financial Aid Administration. Module 5: Title IV Institutional and Program Eligibility. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Consulting Group, Inc., Washington, DC.

The fifth module in a 17-module self-instructional course on student financial aid administration teaches novice student financial aid administrators and other personnel about Title IV institutional and program eligibility. This introduction to management of federal financial aid programs authorized by the Higher Education Act Title IV, discusses…

45 CFR 309.135 - What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What requirements apply to funding, obligating and... (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.135 What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds? (a) Funding period—(1) Ongoing funding. Federal title...

45 CFR 309.135 - What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What requirements apply to funding, obligating and... (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.135 What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds? (a) Funding period—(1) Ongoing funding. Federal title...

45 CFR 309.135 - What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2014-10-01 2012-10-01 true What requirements apply to funding, obligating and... (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.135 What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds? (a) Funding period—(1) Ongoing funding. Federal title...

45 CFR 309.135 - What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2013-10-01 2012-10-01 true What requirements apply to funding, obligating and... (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.135 What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds? (a) Funding period—(1) Ongoing funding. Federal title...

45 CFR 309.135 - What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What requirements apply to funding, obligating and... (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program Funding § 309.135 What requirements apply to funding, obligating and liquidating Federal title IV-D grant funds? (a) Funding period—(1) Ongoing funding. Federal title...

HUMAN CLINICAL STUDIES OF CONCENTRATED AMBIENT ULTRAFINE AND FINE PARTICLES

EPA Science Inventory

Confirmation of our hypothesis that exposure to ambient ultrafine and fine particles promotes coagulation and alters cardiac function will have important implications for air pollution regulatory efforts, and will provide new approaches for the prevention of cardiovascular hea...

Health Effects of Toxicants: Online Knowledge Support

EPA Science Inventory

Research in toxicology generates vast quantities of data which reside on the Web and are subsequently appropriated and utilized to support further research. This data includes a broad spectrum of information about chemical, biological and radiological agents which can affect hea...

Preparing for HEA Reauthorization: Recommendations for Practitioners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inge, Brittany; Fowler, Pamela; Gross, Jacob P.

2015-01-01

The upcoming reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965 provides opportunities and presents challenges for financial aid administrators. This article outlines steps that aid administrators can take and challenges they may face in preparing for and responding to new legislation.

Evaluation of the Inhalation Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide (Final Report)

EPA Science Inventory

EPA has finalized its Evaluation of the Inhalation Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide. This assessment addresses the potential carcinogenicity from long-term inhalation exposure to ethylene oxide. Now final, this assessment updates the carcinogenicity information in EPA’s 1985 Hea...

34 CFR 692.120 - What are the requirements for student eligibility?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... two of the following criteria— (A) As designated by the State, either has an EFC equal to zero, as determined under part F of the HEA, or a comparable alternative based on the State's approved criteria for...

Fiscal Management Training. Participant's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Student Financial Assistance (ED), Washington, DC.

This document is the participant's guide for fiscal management training for administrators managing an institution's Title IV program funds. The workshop is designed to prepare participants to understand an institution's responsibilities with regard to Title IV. It describes the recordkeeping requirements of the Title IV program and the accounting…

Coccidia and other Protozoa

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Pigs are important to the economy of the US. Control of infectious diseases is necessary for the success of swine industry. In the present book chapter the authors review current information on protozoan infections of pigs. The coccidium Cystoisospora suis causes diarrhea in newborn pigs. Public hea...

Transnational Education and Employability Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mellors-Bourne, Robin; Jones, Elspeth; Woodfield, Steve

2015-01-01

Internationalisation and employability development are important themes for UK higher education (HE) and the Higher Education Academy (HEA). One aspect of many UK HE institutions' internationalisation strategies has been to increase the number and range of UK programmes delivered "offshore" as transnational education (TNE)--through…

Content Aggregations for Reading Skills and Mathematics for the Comparative Study of Phase IV of the IGE Evaluation Project. Phase IV, Project Paper 80-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nerenz, Anne G.; Webb, Norman L.

This is one of a series of reports which provide definitions of and descriptive data on the variables used in the Comparative Study of Phase IV of the Individually Guided Education (IEG) Evaluation Project. Phase IV investigated three curriculum programs specifically designed to be compatible with instructional programming for the individual…

76 FR 36095 - Defense Transportation Regulation, Part IV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... with the Defense Personal Property Program (DP3) Phase III Domestic Small Shipments (dS2) and... Regulation, Part IV Web site at http://www.transcom.mil/dtr/part-iv/phaseiii.cfm . All identified changes... based on completion of Defense Personal Property System (DPS) Phase III programming projected for FY15...

45 CFR 303.7 - Provision of services in intergovernmental IV-D cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ENFORCEMENT (CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STANDARDS FOR PROGRAM OPERATIONS § 303.7 Provision of services in intergovernmental IV-D cases. (a) General responsibilities. A State IV-D agency must: (1) Establish and use...

Evaluation Report of the Busby School Title IV Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Streiff, Paul R.

In the 1976-77 school year, the Title IV Program included 11 components: continuation of the Parent Advisory Committee; sponsorship of 4 community/school feasts centered around Title IV concerns; employment of classroom aides; development of cultural instructional objectives and materials; elementary school counselor to help meet the most serious…

HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION OF OSTEOBLASTS REVEALS THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF CD166 IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL MAINTANANCE AND FUNCTION

PubMed Central

Chitteti, Brahmananda R.; Cheng, Ying-Hua; Kacena, Melissa A.; Srour, Edward F.

2013-01-01

The role of osteoblasts (OB) in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in their niche is well elucidated, but the exact definition, both phenotypically and hierarchically of OB responsible for these functions is not clearly known. We previously demonstrated that OB maturational status influences HSC function whereby immature OB with high Runx2 expression promote hematopoietic expansion. Here, we show that Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 expression on OB is directly correlated with Runx2 expression and high hematopoiesis enhancing activity (HEA). Fractionation of OB with lineage markers: Sca1, osteopontin (OPN), CD166, CD44, and CD90 revealed that Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166+ cells (CD166+) and their subpopulations fractionated with CD44 and CD90 expressed high levels of Runx2 and low levels of osteocalcin (OC) demonstrating the relatively immature status of these cells. Conversely, the majority of the Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166− cells (CD166−) expressed high OC levels suggesting that CD166− OB are more mature. In vitro hematopoietic potential of LSK cells co-cultured for 7 days with fresh OB or OB pre-cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks declined precipitously with increasing culture duration concomitant with loss of CD166 expression. Importantly, LSK cells co-cultured with CD166+CD44+CD90+ OB maintained their in vivo repopulating potential through primary and secondary transplantation, suggesting that robust HEA activity is best mediated by immature CD166+ OB with high Runx2 and low OC expression. These studies begin to define the hierarchical organization of osteoblastic cells and provide a more refined definition of OB that can mediate HEA. PMID:23369988

Microstructural stability and mechanical behavior of FeNiMnCr high entropy alloy under ion irradiation

DOE PAGES

Leonard, Keith J.; Bei, Hongbin; Zinkle, Steven J.; ...

2016-05-13

In recent years, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, making them potential candidates for high temperature fission and fusion structural applications. However there is very little known about their radiation resistance, particularly at elevated temperatures relevant for energy applications. In the present study, a single phase (face centered cubic) concentrated solid solution alloy of composition 27%Fe-28%Ni-27%Mn-18%Cr was irradiated with 3 or 5.8 MeV Ni ions at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 700 °C and midrange doses from 0.03 to 10 displacements per atom (dpa). Transmission electron microscopymore » (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (STEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the radiation defects and microstructural changes. Irradiation at higher temperatures showed evidence of relatively sluggish solute diffusion with limited solute depletion or enrichment at grain boundaries. The main microstructural feature at all temperatures was high-density small dislocation loops. Voids were not observed at any irradiation condition. Nano-indentation tests on specimens irradiated at room temperature showed a rapid increase in hardness ~35% and ~80% higher than the unirradiated value at 0.03 and 0.3 dpa midrange doses, respectively. The irradiation-induced hardening was less pronounced for 500 °C irradiations (<20% increase after 3 dpa). Overall, the examined HEA material exhibits superior radiation resistance compared to conventional single phase Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys such as stainless steels. Furthermore, the present study provides insight on the fundamental irradiation behavior of a single phase HEA material over a broad range of irradiation temperatures.« less

Recycling Mentors: an intergenerational, service-learning program to promote recycling and environmental awareness.

PubMed

D'abundo, Michelle L; Fugate-Whitlock, Elizabeth I; Fiala, Kelly A

2011-01-01

The purpose of Recycling Mentors was to implement an intergenerational, service-learning program focused on promoting recycling and environmental awareness among students enrolled in Community Health (HEA 301) and Current Issues in Gerontology (GRN 440/540) and adults older than 60 years. Recycling Mentors was conducted in New Hanover County (NHC), North Carolina, where a moderate climate and coastal location attracts many tourists, retirees, and college students. A community like NHC is a good place to implement service-learning that educates both students and older adults about the benefits of recycling to individual health and the environment. During the Fall 2009 semester, undergraduate and graduate students completed institutional review board training and then conducted the program with older adults. The education component of Recycling Mentors included a pre/post survey, brochure, and scheduled visits. Overall, Recycling Mentors was positive service-learning experience with students identifying salient outcomes such as learning about recycling and the environment and working with older adults. In addition, teaching the education component of Recycling Mentors was good practice for students who will be the future health professionals. While service-learning and environmentally themed projects are common, a program that combines the 2 like Recycling Mentors is unique and has the potential to motivate individual change while positively impacting the local community and the environment.

Impact of thermal processing on sulforaphane yield from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In broccoli, sulforaphane forms when the glucosinolate glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by the endogenous plant thiohydrolase myrosinase. A myrosinase cofactor directs hydrolysis away from formation of bioactive sulforaphane and toward an inactive product, sulforaphane nitrile. The cofactor is more hea...

76 FR 67156 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

...: Section 483 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), mandates that the Secretary of... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Department of Education... to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention: Education Desk Officer, Office of...

IN-VITRO METHODS FOR EVALUATING SIDE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

EPA Science Inventory

Several skeletal muscle and smooth muscle preparations have been examined for their usefulness in evaluating the toxic effects of a variety of insecticides. The following preparations were found satisfactory for such test: guinea pig ileum for muscarinic receptors, guinea pig hea...

In-situ electrochemical-AFM study of localized corrosion of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys in chloride solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Yunzhu; Collins, Liam; Balke, Nina; Liaw, Peter K.; Yang, Bin

2018-05-01

In-situ electrochemical (EC)-AFM is employed to investigate the localized corrosion of the AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Surface topography changes on the micro/sub-micro scale are monitored at different applied anodizing potentials in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The microstructural evolutions with the increased Al content in the alloys are characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS and EBSD. The results show that by increasing the Al content, the microstructure changes from single solid-solution to multi-phases, leading to the segregations of elements. Due to the microstructural variations in the AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs, localized corrosion processes in different ways after the breakdown of the passive film, which changes from pitting to phase boundary corrosion. The XPS results indicate that an increased Al content in the alloys/phases corresponds to a decreased corrosion resistance of the surface passive film.

Atypical epithelial hyperplasia of the breast: state of the art.

PubMed

Dion, Ludivine; Racin, Adelaïde; Brousse, Susie; Beltjens, Françoise; Cauchois, Aurélie; Levêque, Jean; Coutant, Charles; Lavoué, Vincent

2016-09-01

Atypical epithelial hyperplasia (AEH) of the breast is considered benign histological lesions with breast cancer risk. This review focuses on clinical signification and management of AEH that remains controversial. A review of published studies was performed using medline database. In this review, we fully describe the current evidence available. In particular, we describe 1) data from immunohistochemistry and molecular studies that suggest AEH is a precursor of breast cancer; 2) epidemiological studies demonstrate low rate of breast cancer in women with AEH; 3) surgical excision is necessary after diagnosis of AEH, such as lobular carcinoma in situ or atypical ductal hyperplasia, on core needle biopsy; 4) although current recommendations are evolving to fewer (if not no) excisions for flat epithelial with atypia and classic lobular neoplasia found on percutaneous biopsy (without radiologic indications for excision). Expert commentary: HEA management steel need prospective evidences, but recent retrospective data give some clue for less invasive management for some of HEA.

Predicting the Crystal Structure and Phase Transitions in High-Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, D. M.; Middleburgh, S. C.; Edwards, L.; Lumpkin, G. R.; Cortie, M.

2015-06-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have advantageous properties compared with other systems as a result of their chemistry and crystal structure. The transition between a face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structure in the Al x CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy system has been investigated on the atomic scale in this work. The Al x CoCrFeNi system, as well as being a useful system itself, can also be considered a model HEA material. Ordering in the FCC structure was investigated, and an order-disorder transition was predicted at ~600 K. It was found that, at low temperatures, an ordered lattice is favored over a truly random lattice. The fully disordered BCC structure was found to be unstable. When partial ordering was imposed (lowering the symmetry), with Al and Ni limited specific sites of the BCC system, the BCC packing was stabilized. Decomposition of the ordered BCC single phase into a dual phase (Al-Ni rich and Fe-Cr rich) is also considered.

Lattice thermal conductivity of multi-component alloys

DOE PAGES

Caro, Magdalena; Béland, Laurent K.; Samolyuk, German D.; ...

2015-06-12

High entropy alloys (HEA) have unique properties including the potential to be radiation tolerant. These materials with extreme disorder could resist damage because disorder, stabilized by entropy, is the equilibrium thermodynamic state. Disorder also reduces electron and phonon conductivity keeping the damage energy longer at the deposition locations, eventually favoring defect recombination. In the short time-scales related to thermal spikes induced by collision cascades, phonons become the relevant energy carrier. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of phonon thermal conductivity in multiple component solid solutions represented by Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials. We explore the conditions that minimize phonon meanmore » free path via extreme alloy complexity, by varying the composition and the elements (differing in mass, atomic radii, and cohesive energy). We show that alloy complexity can be tailored to modify the scattering mechanisms that control energy transport in the phonon subsystem. Finally, our analysis provides a qualitative guidance for the selection criteria used in the design of HEA alloys with low phonon thermal conductivity.« less

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al-Co-Cr-Ni-(Fe or Si) Multicomponent High-Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, T. M.; Alfano, J. P.; Martens, R. L.; Weaver, M. L.

2015-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of alloys that are being considered for a number of applications. In the present study, the microstructures and 1050°C oxidation behaviors of two HEAs, Al10Cr22.5Co22.5Ni22.5Fe22.5 (at.%) and Al20Cr25Co25Ni25Si5 have been investigated along with Al15Cr10Co35Ni35Si5, which is a high-temperature shape-memory alloy. Oxide formation occurred via selective oxidation in a manner that was consistent with the oxide formation model devised by Giggins and Pettit for model Ni-Cr-Al alloys. The lower Al content alloy formed an external Cr2O3 scale and an internal subscale consisting of Al2O3 and AlN precipitates. The higher Al content alloys exhibited smaller mass gains and formed external Al2O3 scales without any internal oxidation of the alloys.

Day Camp Manual: Program. Book IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Babcock, William

Book IV in a 5-book day camp manual discusses the camp program. Section I describes the organization, definition, and elements essential to successful day camp programs. Section II, which addresses the benefits and special considerations of mass programs, includes rainy day contingencies, materials to have on hand, and activity suggestions.…

A Workshop on High Energy Astrophysical for Amateur Astronomers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fishman, Gerald J.; Mattei, J. A.; Rose, M. Franklin (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Amateur astronomers are, in general, an enthusiastic and dynamic group of individuals who can help greatly in astronomy public outreach and education programs. In the U.S., they outnumber professional astronomers by over a factor of ten. Over eighty amateur astronomers from all over the U.S. and abroad attended a unique workshop in Huntsville, Alabama in April of this year. Most attendees were provided with travel grants under the condition that they disseminate knowledge gained at the workshop to civic groups, astronomy clubs and science teacher groups in their home communities. Twelve lecturers were given over two days, primarily by active high-energy researchers from NASA-MSFC and NASA-GSFC. Funding for the workshop was provided by a variety of NASA-sponsored projects, offices within OSS and private funding sources. The workshop attendees were selected by the AAVSO, which also administered the funding for the workshop. This high-leverage educational and public outreach program was deemed to be highly successful and bodes well for similar, future workshops. Many of the participants have already begun to give public talks on HEA and GRBs.

75 FR 70218 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

.... Abstract: Public Law 89-329, Sections 401-495, the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), mandates...; the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education Grant; and the Iraq and Afghanistan... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Department of Education...

Heating uniformity and differential heating of insects in almonds associated with radio frequency energy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Radio frequency (RF) treatments have potential as alternatives to chemical fumigation for phytosanitary disinfestation treatments in the dried nut industry. To develop effective RF treatment protocols for almonds, it is desirable to determine heating uniformity and the occurrence of differential hea...

What Do Home Students Think of Studying with International Students? HEPI Report 76

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Policy Institute, 2015

2015-01-01

The results of a survey commissioned by the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) and the Higher Education Academy (HEA) shows students believe they benefit in many ways from studying alongside people from other countries--however, benefits are clearer to international students.

Meiotic recombination breakpoints are associated with open chromatin and enriched with repetitive DNA elements in potato

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Meiotic recombination provides the framework for the genetic variation in natural and artificial populations of eukaryotes through the creation of novel haplotypes. Thus, determining the molecular characteristics of meiotic recombination remains essential for future plant breeding efforts, which hea...

EVALUATION OF CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE AND DNA INTEGRITY IN SPERM: AN INVESTIGATION OF REMOTE SEMEN COLLECTION CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

Home collection of ejaculated semen would facilitate participation rates and geographic diversity in reproductive epidemiology studies. Our study addressed concerns that home collection and overnight mail return might induce chromosome/DNA damage. We collected semen from 10 hea...

Starch concentrations in log-grown shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) mushrooms have a reputation as a healthy food, in part from the abundance of different polysaccharides that may have functional food activities. Polysaccharide content of shiitake and shiitake-derived products are being utilized as a promotional tool to hea...

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC GENE EXPRESSION FOLLOWING ACUTE ULTRAFINE CARBON PARTICLE INHALATION IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS

EPA Science Inventory

Inhalation of ultrafine carbon particles (ufCP) causes cardiac physiological changes without marked pulmonary injury or inflammation. We hypothesized that acute ufCP exposure of 13 months old Spontaneously Hypertensive (SH) rats will cause differential effects on the lung and hea...

Polyamines: Biomolecules with diverse functions in plant and human health and disease

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The literature abounds with solid evidence that affirms the ubiquitous presence of biogenic amines - polyamines, particularly spermidine and spermine, in all living cells together with their indispensable roles in many biochemical and physiological processes beneficial to plants as well as human hea...

30 CFR 950.16 - Required program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Required program amendments. 950.16 Section 950... shall submit a revision to its permanent program rules at chapter IV, section 3(i) or otherwise propose... rules at chapter IV, section 3(u) or otherwise propose to amend its program to give the State the...

GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER IRRIGATION: UNDERSTANDING HEALTH RISKS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOOD SECURITY USING AN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH

EPA Science Inventory

This research will quantify the extent of de facto reuse of untreated wastewater at the global scale. Through the integration of multiple existing spatial data sources, this project will produce rigorous analyses assessing the relationship between wastewater irrigation, hea...

75 FR 5291 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... men's and women's intercollegiate athletics. The HEA of 1993 amended the EADA to require additional... addressed to U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., LBJ, Washington, DC 20202-4537... Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. DATES: Interested persons are invited to submit comments on or before March...

The costs of climate change: ecosystem services and wildland fires

EPA Science Inventory

In this paper we use Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) to monetize the avoided ecosystem services losses due to climate change-induced wildland fires in the U.S. Specifically, we use the U.S. Forest Service’s MC1 dynamic global vegetation model to forecast changes in wildland fi...

2(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4,5-TP)

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

2 ( 2,4,5 - Trichlorophenoxy ) propionic acid ( 2,4,5 - TP ) ; CASRN 93 - 72 - 1 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data , as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process . Sections I ( Hea

ESTIMATING THE DIRECT MEDICAL COSTS OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE ON CHILDREN

EPA Science Inventory

The study of the health effects of active tobacco smoking has a well developed history. Yet, the effects of passive smoking (or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke) have been systematically studied only relatively recently. Therefore, ancillary studies that build from the hea...

Teaching Excellence Initiatives: Modalities and Operational Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Land, Ray; Gordon, George

2015-01-01

Teaching excellence is at the centre of national and international higher education policy. The Higher Education Academy (HEA) is a part of the debate to develop a shared understanding of what constitutes teaching excellence and has published research including "Considering Teaching Excellence in Higher Education: 2007-2013" by Dr Vicky…

78 FR 50401 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-19

... relationship between (1) accreditation of institutions of higher education and the certification and... Act (FACA) and Section 114(d)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965, as amended. Meeting... Accreditation Council for Teacher Education (MACTE) (Current and Requested Scope: The accreditation of...

77 FR 49786 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity (NACIQI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... and associations. The eligibility and certification process for institutions of higher education under... between (1) accreditation of institutions of higher education and the certification and eligibility of...) and Section 114(d)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965, as amended. Meeting Date and Place...

Yogurt, immune function and infectious disease: can yogurt be used to protect the elderly against infections?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Systemic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence occurs with aging, predisposing the elderly to myriad risk factors for infectious and chronic disease. Respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia are a leading cause of mortality in the elderly, and therefore of significant public hea...

EXPOSURE DOMAINS: ROLE OF TIMING, PATTERN AND MAGNITUDE OF EXPOSURE ON HEALTH RISKS

EPA Science Inventory

Environmental health risk assessment may be broadly separated into assessment of risks from exposures to agents affecting health endpoints for which it may be presumed there is no dose threshold, and to agents affecting endpoints that more likely have a dose threshold. For hea...

34 CFR 636.7 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Consortium of institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have... institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out common objectives. HEA means the Higher Education Act...

34 CFR 636.7 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Consortium of institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have... institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out common objectives. HEA means the Higher Education Act...

34 CFR 636.7 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Consortium of institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have... institutions of higher education means two or more institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out common objectives. HEA means the Higher Education Act...

Back to the Future: What Previous HEA Reauthorizations Might Say about the Next One

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madzelan, Dan

2015-01-01

For 50 years, the Higher Education Act has been the primary vehicle for advancing federal higher education policy. Many policymakers and interested observers expect its upcoming reauthorization to address three overarching topic areas: college affordability, institutional quality, and student safety. Indeed, previous reauthorizations have…

Optimal Wavelengths Selection Using Hierarchical Evolutionary Algorithm for Prediction of Firmness and Soluble Solids Content in Apples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Hyperspectral scattering is a promising technique for rapid and noninvasive measurement of multiple quality attributes of apple fruit. A hierarchical evolutionary algorithm (HEA) approach, in combination with subspace decomposition and partial least squares (PLS) regression, was proposed to select o...

45 CFR 302.33 - Services to individuals not receiving title IV-A assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STATE PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.33 Services to individuals not... services and is no longer eligible for assistance under the title IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid... IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid programs, the IV-D agency must notify the family, within five...

45 CFR 302.33 - Services to individuals not receiving title IV-A assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STATE PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.33 Services to individuals not... services and is no longer eligible for assistance under the title IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid... IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid programs, the IV-D agency must notify the family, within five...

45 CFR 302.33 - Services to individuals not receiving title IV-A assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STATE PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.33 Services to individuals not... services and is no longer eligible for assistance under the title IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid... IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid programs, the IV-D agency must notify the family, within five...

45 CFR 302.33 - Services to individuals not receiving title IV-A assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STATE PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.33 Services to individuals not... services and is no longer eligible for assistance under the title IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid... IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid programs, the IV-D agency must notify the family, within five...

45 CFR 302.33 - Services to individuals not receiving title IV-A assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STATE PLAN REQUIREMENTS § 302.33 Services to individuals not... services and is no longer eligible for assistance under the title IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid... IV-A, IV-E foster care, and Medicaid programs, the IV-D agency must notify the family, within five...

77 FR 9883 - Tribal Consultation Meetings Regarding Requirements Applicable to Title IV-B Child and Family...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

... Tribal Consultation Meetings Regarding Requirements Applicable to Title IV-B Child and Family Services...: Notice of tribal consultation. SUMMARY: The title IV-B regulations regarding the title IV-B plan and... title IV-B, subpart 1 and/or title IV-B, subpart 2 program and any other interested party. We provide...

The Blue Book: Accounting, Recordkeeping, and Reporting by Postsecondary Educational Institutions for Federally Funded Student Financial Aid Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education (ED), Washington, DC.

This volume provides general information on programs, policies, procedures, and fiscal record keeping and reporting for federally funded student financial aid programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965, Title IV. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Title IV programs. Chapter 2 discusses general institutional responsibilities related to managing…

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

40 CFR 147.2650 - State-administered program-Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CONTROL PROGRAMS Puerto Rico § 147.2650 State-administered program—Class I, II, III, IV, and V wells. The Underground Injection Control Program for all classes of wells in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other than those on Indian lands, is the program administered by Puerto Rico's Environmental Quality Board (EQB...

45 CFR 1357.20 - Child abuse and neglect programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Child abuse and neglect programs. 1357.20 Section... APPLICABLE TO TITLE IV-B § 1357.20 Child abuse and neglect programs. The State agency must assure that, with regard to any child abuse and neglect programs or projects funded under title IV-B of the Act, the...

20 CFR 627.220 - Coordination with programs under title IV of the Higher Education Act including the Pell grant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Coordination with programs under title IV of the Higher Education Act including the Pell grant program. 627.220 Section 627.220 Employees' Benefits... of the Higher Education Act including the Pell grant program. (a) Coordination. Financial assistance...

FORTRAN IV Program to Determine the Proper Sequence of Records in a Datafile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Michael P.; Yoshida, Roland K.

1975-01-01

This FORTRAN IV program executes an essential editing procedure which determines whether a datafile contains an equal number of records (cards) per case which are also in the intended sequential order. The program which requires very little background in computer programming is designed primarily for the user of packaged statistical procedures.…

The Effect of Intravenous Infiltration Management Program for Hospitalized Children.

PubMed

Park, Soon Mi; Jeong, Ihn Sook; Kim, Kyoung Lae; Park, Kyung Ju; Jung, Moon Ju; Jun, Seong Suk

2016-01-01

This study aimed to identify the effect of IV infiltration management program among hospitalized children. This was a quasi-experimental study with history comparison group design with 2,894 catheters inserted during 3 months comparison phase and 3,651 catheters inserted during 4 months experimental phase. The intervention was composed of seven activities including applying poster, documentation of catheter insertion, parents education, making infiltration report, assessment of vein condition before inserting catheter, appropriate site selection, and documentation of catheter insertion, and assessment of peripheral catheter insertion site every shift. Data were analyzed using of X2-test, Fisher's exact test. The infiltration incidence rate was 0.9% for experimental group and 4.4% for comparison group, which was significantly different (x2=80.42, p<.001). The catheter maintenance period (p=.035) and infiltration state (p=.039) were significantly different among participants with infiltration between comparison and experimental groups. IV Infiltration management program was founded to be effective in reducing the IV infiltration incidence rate and increasing early detection of IV infiltration. Considering the effect of IV Infiltration management program, we recommend that this infiltration management program would be widely used in the clinical settings. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 33608 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-14

...In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (Privacy Act), the Department of Education (Department) publishes this notice proposing to revise the system of records notice for the Investigative Files of the Inspector General (18-10-01), 68 FR 38154 (June 26, 2003). The Department proposes to amend this system of records notice by: (1) Adding a new routine use to allow reporting on the activities of the Inspector General regarding American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board (RATB) as established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5); (2) adding a new routine use to allow for disclosure of information in connection with response and remedial efforts in the event of a data breach in accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requirements in M-07-16 (May 22, 2007); (3) revising routine uses ``(12) Disclosure to the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency'' and ``(13) Disclosure for Qualitative Assessment Reviews'' to allow reporting on the activities of the Inspector General to the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (formerly the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency) as established by the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110-409); (4) revising the routine use ``(4) Disclosure to Public and Private Sources in Connection with the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended (HEA)'' to allow the disclosure of information to an educational institution or a school that is or was a party to an agreement with the Secretary of Education pursuant to the HEA; and (5) updating the system location addresses. This system of records provides essential support for investigative activities of the Office of Inspector General (OIG) relating to the Department's programs and operations, enabling the OIG to secure and maintain the necessary information and to coordinate with other law enforcement agencies as appropriate.

40 CFR 147.2200 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the in situ combustion of coal are regulated by the Rail Road Commission of Texas under a separate UIC... program for Class I, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Texas, except for those wells on Indian lands... (SDWA). Notice of the original approval for Class I, III, IV, and V wells was published in the Federal...

40 CFR 147.2200 - State-administered program-Class I, III, IV, and V wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the in situ combustion of coal are regulated by the Rail Road Commission of Texas under a separate UIC... program for Class I, III, IV, and V wells in the State of Texas, except for those wells on Indian lands... (SDWA). Notice of the original approval for Class I, III, IV, and V wells was published in the Federal...

Tribal child welfare. Interim final rule.

PubMed

2012-01-06

The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is issuing this interim final rule to implement statutory provisions related to the Tribal title IV-E program. Effective October 1, 2009, section 479B(b) of the Social Security Act (the Act) authorizes direct Federal funding of Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, and Tribal consortia that choose to operate a foster care, adoption assistance and, at Tribal option, a kinship guardianship assistance program under title IV-E of the Act. The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 requires that ACF issue interim final regulations which address procedures to ensure that a transfer of responsibility for the placement and care of a child under a State title IV-E plan to a Tribal title IV-E plan occurs in a manner that does not affect the child's eligibility for title IV-E benefits or medical assistance under title XIX of the Act (Medicaid) and such services or payments; in-kind expenditures from third-party sources for the Tribal share of administration and training expenditures under title IV-E; and other provisions to carry out the Tribal-related amendments to title IV-E. This interim final rule includes these provisions and technical amendments necessary to implement a Tribal title IV-E program.

Lack of reliability in the disruption of cognitive performance following exposure to protons

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A series of three replications were run to determine the reliability with which exposure to protons produces a disruption of cognitive performance, using a novel object recognition task and operant responding on an ascending fixed-ratio task. For the first two replications, rats were exposed to hea...

Heat-stressed Metarhizium anisopliae: Viability (in vitro) and virulence (in vivo) assessments against the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The current study investigated the thermotolerance of Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. conidia from the commercial products Metarril® SP Organic and Metarril® WP. The efficacy of these M. anisopliae formulations against the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. was studied in laboratory under optimum or hea...

Shifting Academic Careers: Implications for Enhancing Professionalism in Teaching and Supporting Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Locke, William

2014-01-01

This Higher Education Academy (HEA) commissioned report provides a brief review of literature focusing on the changing nature of academic careers in the higher education sector, including any shift towards "teaching only" contracts. It also identifies key issues in terms of teaching and learning, continuing professional development and…

78 FR 62603 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to the Office of Management and Budget for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), mandates that the Secretary of Education ``. . . shall... corrections or updates to their submitted FAFSA data. Institutions of higher education listed by the applicant... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [Docket No.: ED-2013-ICCD-0061] Agency Information Collection Activities...

Effective Practice in the Design of Directed Independent Learning Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Liz; Jones, Robert; Ottaway, James

2015-01-01

This study, commissioned by the HEA and the QAA focuses on directed independent learning practices in UK higher education. It investigates what stakeholders (including academic staff and students) have found to be the most effective practices in the inception, design, quality assurance and enhancement of directed independent learning and explores…

Organizational and Environmental Influences on Health and Performance.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

DEMOCRACY EDITORS Bed King Office of Naval Reseaith Siegfr ied Streufert University of Bielefeld Feder al Republic of Gennany Fred F. Fiedkr University of...several organizational levels. Such efforts are in progrem at the Naval Hea lth Research Center, San Diem. R~~ERENCES Arm y, R. I)., & Hoyle , 3. C. A

Aligning the Market and Affective Self: Care and Student Resistance to Entrepreneurial Subjectivities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lolich, Luciana; Lynch, Kathleen

2017-01-01

The paper examines the ways in which higher education students negotiate contemporary global transitions premised on improving competitiveness and opportunity in a system driven by the ideology of the market-led, knowledge-based economy (HEA. 2011. "National Strategy for Higher Education" to 2030. Dublin: Department of Education and…

Comparison of individual, pooled, and composite fecal sampling methods for detection of Salmonella on U.S. dairy operations

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella for individual, pooled, and composite fecal samples and to compare culture results from each sample type for determining herd Salmonella infection status and identifying Salmonella serotype(s). The USDA’s National Animal Hea...

The High-Energy Astrophysics Learning Center, Version 1. [CD-ROM].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitlock, Laura A.; Allen, Jesse S.; Lochner, James C.

The High-Energy Astrophysics (HEA) Learning Center gives students, teachers, and the general public a window into the world of high-energy astrophysics. The universe is revealed through x-rays and gamma rays where matter exists under extreme conditions. Information is available on astrophysics at a variety of reading levels, and is illustrated…

The tale of two buckets and associated containers: impact on aedes albopictus oviposition

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aedes albopictus is an invasive species. Its oviposition behavior is the subject of several projects in our research unit. The main emphasis of this presentation is a study which utilizes two five gallon buckets, one heated and one with ambient temperature. The heat is provided by an aquarium hea...

Academic Perspectives on the Outcomes of Outward Student Mobility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridger, Kath

2015-01-01

This research project was commissioned by the UK Higher Education International Unit (IU) and the Higher Education Academy (HEA) in June 2014 to explore academic perspectives on the outcomes of outward mobility at undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels for UK domiciled students, and to consider how best to facilitate the take up as well…

Educating for Sustainability in Language Degrees: A Tale of 2 Case-Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine; Panichelli-Batalla, Stéphanie

2016-01-01

Purpose: According to the 2014 joint report drafted by the Quality Assurance Agency and Higher Education Academy (QAA/HEA), universities have a key role to play in the development of sustainability literate graduates who can contribute to an environmentally responsible society. This paper aims to assess language students' understanding of…

Rising ozone concentrations decrease soybean evapotranspiration and water use efficiency while increasing canopy temperature

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We investigated the effects of increasing [O3] on soybean canopy scale fluxes of heat and water vapor as well as water use efficiency (WUE) at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. Micrometeorological measurements were made to determine the net radiation (Rn) sensible hea...

Open Education Resources and Higher Education Academic Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradshaw, Peter; Younie, Sarah; Jones, Sarah

2013-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to report on an externally-funded project and forms part of its dissemination. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives are achieved through a theoretical framing of the project and an alignment of these with the contexts for the project--namely the Professional Standards Framework of the HEA, its use in postgraduate…

Wounding induces changes in cytokinin and auxin content in potato tuber, but does not induce formation of gibberellins

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin content in resting and wound-responding potato tuber are not clearly defined. Consequently, the coordination and possible networking of these classical hormones in the regulation of wound-healing processes are poorly understood. Using a well-defined tuber wound-hea...

Devising and Implementing a Suitable Graduate Education Platform for Dublin's Institute of Technology (DIT)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carton, Janet; Jerrams, Steve

2008-01-01

Graduate education platforms have received general acclaim as key components in the future structural development of third-level and fourth-level education in Europe. In Ireland the Higher Education Authority (HEA) has endorsed the restructuring of postgraduate education to incorporate the training of research students in key generic and…

Implications of "Dimensions of Quality" in a Market Environment. HEA Research Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, Graham

2012-01-01

Do prospective students get the information they need to assess what can be gained from attending a particular higher education institution? Professor Gibbs' highly influential 2010 report, "Dimensions of Quality", found that student outcomes can be affected by the way that institutions choose to use available resources; class size, the…

Helmet Electronics & Display System-Upgradeable Protection (HEaDS-UP) Phase III Assessment: Headgear Effects on Auditory Perception

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-01

difference between front and rear was less pronounced. Localization errors near 0° and 180° are dominated by front-back confusions because binaural ...used to disambiguate binaural information; therefore, it can be argued that most differences in auditory localization ability resulting from

Exploring the Current Position of ESD in UK Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fiselier, Evelien S.; Longhurst, James W. S.; Gough, Georgina K.

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consider the position of education for sustainable development in the UK Higher Education (HE) sector with respect to the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and Higher Education Academy (HEA) Guidance for education for sustainable development (ESD). Design/methodology/approach: By means of a mixed-method…

75 FR 80803 - National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity: Notice of Members

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity: Notice... Members, Department of Education. What is the purpose of this notice? The purpose of this notice is to...). This notice is required under Section 114(e)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA...

The Relational Value of Professional Dialogue for Academics Pursuing HEA Fellowship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asghar, Mandy; Pilkington, Ruth

2018-01-01

The question of how academics in higher education institutions demonstrate they have the ability to teach and provide a high quality learning experience challenges the sector. Within this context, the use of professional dialogue for recognising teaching expertise is growing. This qualitative research explored how 16 academics valued their…

Investigation of phase stability of novel equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn based-high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soni, Vinay Kumar; Sanyal, S.; Sinha, S. K.

2018-05-01

The present work reports the structural and phase stability analysis of equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn High entropy alloy (HEA) systems prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method. In this research effort some 1287 alloy combinations were extensively studied to arrive at most favourable combination. FeCoNiCuZn based alloy system was selected on the basis of physiochemical parameters such as enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix), entropy of mixing (ΔSmix), atomic size difference (ΔX) and valence electron concentration (VEC) such that it fulfils the formation criteria of stable multi component high entropy alloy system. In this context, we have investigated the effect of novel alloying addition in view of microstructure and phase formation aspect. XRD plots of the MA samples shows the formation of stable solid solution with FCC (Face Cantered Cubic) after 20 hr of milling time and no indication of any amorphous or intermetallic phase formation. Our results are in good agreement with calculation and analysis done on the basis of physiochemical parameters during selection of constituent elements of HEA.

Imaging thermal plasma mass and velocity analyzer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yau, Andrew W.; Howarth, Andrew

2016-07-01

We present the design and principle of operation of the imaging ion mass and velocity analyzer on the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP), which measures low-energy (1-90 eV/e) ion mass composition (1-40 AMU/e) and velocity distributions using a hemispherical electrostatic analyzer (HEA), a time-of-flight (TOF) gate, and a pair of toroidal electrostatic deflectors (TED). The HEA and TOF gate measure the energy-per-charge and azimuth of each detected ion and the ion transit time inside the analyzer, respectively, providing the 2-D velocity distribution of each major ionospheric ion species and resolving the minor ion species under favorable conditions. The TED are in front of the TOF gate and optionally sample ions at different elevation angles up to ±60°, for measurement of 3-D velocity distribution. We present examples of observation data to illustrate the measurement capability of the analyzer, and show the occurrence of enhanced densities of heavy "minor" O++, N+, and molecular ions and intermittent, high-velocity (a few km/s) upward and downward flowing H+ ions in localized regions of the quiet time topside high-latitude ionosphere.

Structural transformations of heat treated Co-less high entropy alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitrica, D.; Tudor, A.; Rinaldi, A.; Soare, V.; Predescu, C.; Berbecaru, A.; Stoiciu, F.; Badilita, V.

2018-03-01

Co is considered to be one of the main ingredients in superalloys. Co is considered a critical element and its substitution is difficult due to its unique ability to form high temperature stable structures with high mechanical and corrosion/oxidation resistance. High entropy alloys (HEA) represent a relatively new concept in material design. HEA are characterised by a high number of alloying elements, in unusually high proportion. Due to their specific particularities, high entropy alloys tend to form predominant solid solution structures that develop potentially high chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Present paper is studying Co-less high entropy alloys with high potential in severe environment applications. The high entropy alloys based on Al-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system were prepared by induction melting and casting under protective atmosphere. The as-cast specimens were heat treated at various temperatures to determine the structure and property behaviour. Samples taken before and after heat treatment were investigated for chemical, physical, structural and mechanical characteristics. Sigma phase composition and heat treatment parameters had major influence over the resulted alloy structure and properties.

Design of refractory high-entropy alloys

DOE PAGES

Gao, M. C.; Carney, C. S.; Dogan, O. N.; ...

2015-09-15

Here, this report presents a design methodology for refractory high-entropy alloys with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure using select empirical parameters (i.e., enthalpy of mixing, atomic size difference, Ω-parameter, and electronegativity difference) and CALPHAD approach. Sixteen alloys in equimolar compositions ranging from quinary to ennead systems were designed with experimental verification studies performed on two alloys using x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Two bcc phases were identified in the as-cast HfMoNbTaTiVZr, whereas multiple phases formed in the as-cast HfMoNbTaTiVWZr. Observed elemental segregation in the alloys qualitatively agrees with CALPHAD prediction. Comparisons of the thermodynamic mixing properties formore » liquid and bcc phases using the Miedema model and CALPHAD are presented. This study demonstrates that CALPHAD is more effective in predicting HEA formation than empirical parameters, and new single bcc HEAs are suggested: HfMoNbTiZr, HfMoTaTiZr, NbTaTiVZr, HfMoNbTaTiZr, HfMoTaTiVZr, and MoNbTaTiVZr.« less

Navy Family Advocacy Program. Appendix. Analysis of Central Registry Reports.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

2/76) 2 Suspected Abuzso/Malect/Sexua1 Assault an ae2404 65.) "Suspected Abuso /Neglect/ Sexual Assault and Rape Report" 2226 60.5 NAVMED 6320/15A...ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT REPORTS ........... 50 HAPTER V: SUMAY ANALYSIS Or rAMILY ADVOCACY PROGRAM REPORTS . 56 APPENDIX...cont’d)I PAGE CHAPTER IV: SEXUAL ASSAULT TV-1 Fore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 IV-2 Type of Maltreatment ............... 53 IV-3

Differential expression of multiple glutamine synthetase genes in air-breathing magur catfish, Clarias magur and their induction under hyper-ammonia stress.

PubMed

Banerjee, Bodhisattwa; Koner, Debaprasad; Bhuyan, Gitalee; Saha, Nirmalendu

2018-06-01

The present study demonstrates the unique presence of three different gs genes (cmgs01, cmgs02, and cmgs03) in air-breathing ureogenic magur catfish (Clarias magur), which is otherwise reported to be encoded by a single gene in higher vertebrates. Of these three genes, two (cmgs01and cmgs03) were identified as 'liver' form, predominantly expressed in liver cells, and the third one as 'brain' form (cmgs02), expressed chiefly in brain cells. Molecular characterization studies have revealed conservation of homologous active site residues in all the three gs genes. In silico analysis, accompanied by GS enzyme assay and Western blot analysis of different GS isoforms in different subcellular fractions indicated the mitochondrial localization of cmGS01 and cmGS03 in liver and kidney cells and cytosolic localization of cmGS02 in brain cells. Further, exposure of magur catfish to high external ammonia (HEA; 25 mM NH 4 Cl) led to a significant induction of multiple gs genes as evidenced by higher expression of different gs mRNAs at variable levels in different tissues. The cmgs01 and cmgs03 mRNA levels elevated significantly in liver, kidney, muscle, and gills, whereas the cmgs02 mRNA level increased considerably in the brain after 14 days of exposure to HEA. These increases in mRNA levels were associated with a significant rise in cmGS01 and cmGS03 proteins in liver, kidney, muscle, and gills, and the cmGS02 protein in the brain after 14 days of exposure to HEA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the unique differential expression of three gs genes and their induction under high ammonia level probably helps in detoxification of ammonia to glutamine and further to urea via the ornithine-urea cycle in ureogenic as well as non-ureogenic tissues of these magur catfish. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

45 CFR 309.145 - What costs are allowable for Tribal IV-D programs carried out under § 309.65(a) of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (h) Automated data processing computer systems, including: (1) Planning efforts in the identification, evaluation, and selection of an automated data processing computer system solution meeting the program... existing automated data processing computer system to support Tribal IV-D program operations, and...

77 FR 70748 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Acid...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-27

... Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Acid Rain Program Under Title IV of the Clean Air... Environmental Protection Agency has submitted an information collection request (ICR), Acid Rain Program under... http://www.epa.gov/dockets . Abstract: The Acid Rain Program was established under Title IV of the 1990...

Learning Approaches and Lecture Attendance of Medical Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bates, Madeleine; Curtis, Sally; Dismore, Harriet

2018-01-01

There are arguably many factors that affect the way a student learns. A recent report by the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) and the Higher Education Academy (HEA) on student academic experience in the UK states that class size is an important factor in the quality of the student experience and that smaller class sizes provide greater…

Making a Difference--Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Higher Education through Open Educational Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hockings, Christine; Brett, Paul; Terentjevs, Mat

2012-01-01

Recently there has been growing concern about the ways in which professional values such as "acknowledging diversity and promoting equality of opportunity" (Higher Education Academy (HEA), 2006, p. 4) have been understood and evidenced in higher education. In this article, we outline how the Learning to Teach Inclusively open educational…

Preparing and Credentialing the Nation's Teachers: The Secretary's Ninth Report on Teacher Quality, 2013

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education, 2013

2013-01-01

This ninth report on teacher quality presents information states reported to the U.S. Department of Education (Department) in October 2011. Title II of the "Higher Education Act of 1965" (HEA), as amended in 2008 by the "Higher Education Opportunity Act" (HEOA), requires states to report annually on key elements of their…

The 2015 Student Academic Experience Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Alex; Soilemetzidis, Ioannis; Hillman, Nick

2015-01-01

The Higher Education Policy Institute and Higher Education Academy (HEPI-HEA) "Student Academic Experience Survey" has been running since 2006 and is now a fixture in the policy landscape. Its focus on what students get, how hard they work, and what they think of their experience makes it even more useful at a time of high fees and…

Diaphorina citri nymphs are resistant to morphological changes induced by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in midgut epithelial cells

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” is the causative bacterium associated with citrus greening disease. “Ca. L. asiaticus” is transmitted by Diaphorina citri more efficiently when it is acquired by nymphs rather than adults. Why this occurs is not known. We compared midguts of D. citri reared on hea...

Rationalizing NATO’s Defense Posture

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

together via iaproved C3 to take full advantage of alrpower’s flexibility; ( g ) interopereblllty end compatibility of forces and doctrine aust bs...Dlleana 15 I. NATO Rationaliiatlon Already Hea Its Second Wind .. 21 P. Substantive Guidelines for Retionelization 25 G . Making...Antiener Ce^abilities .... 60 B. Retionelizlng Barrier Operations 67 P. Retionallzing Ground Air Defence 70 G . Conpetibility

International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry: 2000 General Meeting Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vandenberg, Nancy R. (Editor); Baver, Karen D. (Editor)

2000-01-01

This volume is the proceedings of the first General Meeting of the International Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS), held in Koetzting, Germany, February 21-24, 2000. The content of this volume also appears on the IVS web site at: http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/gm2000. The goal of the program committee for the General Meeting was to provide an interesting and informative program for a wide cross section of IVS members, including station operators, program managers, and analysts. The program included reports, tutorials, invited and contributed papers, and poster presentations. The tutorial papers should be particularly useful references because each one provides an overview and introduction to a topic relevant to VLBI.

An overview of intravenous-related medication administration errors as reported to MEDMARX, a national medication error-reporting program.

PubMed

Hicks, Rodney W; Becker, Shawn C

2006-01-01

Medication errors can be harmful, especially if they involve the intravenous (IV) route of administration. A mixed-methodology study using a 5-year review of 73,769 IV-related medication errors from a national medication error reporting program indicates that between 3% and 5% of these errors were harmful. The leading type of error was omission, and the leading cause of error involved clinician performance deficit. Using content analysis, three themes-product shortage, calculation errors, and tubing interconnectivity-emerge and appear to predispose patients to harm. Nurses often participate in IV therapy, and these findings have implications for practice and patient safety. Voluntary medication error-reporting programs afford an opportunity to improve patient care and to further understanding about the nature of IV-related medication errors.

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

40 CFR 144.23 - Class IV wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Class IV wells. 144.23 Section 144.23... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM Authorization of Underground Injection by Rule § 144.23 Class IV wells. (a) Injection into existing Class IV wells is authorized for up to six months after approval or promulgation of...

IVS Working Group 2 for Product Specification and Observing Programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuh, H.; Charlot, P.; Hase, H.; Himwich, E.; Kingham, K.; Klatt, C.; Ma, C.; Malkin, Z.; Niell, A.; Nothnagel, A.; Schluter, W.; Takashima, K.; Vandenberg, N.

2002-03-01

After the scientific rationale is given in the introduction the Terms of Reference and the proceeding of IVS Working Group 2 are presented. Then the present status and future goals of all international activities within IVS are described. In particular the current products of IVS are described in terms of accuracy, reliability, frequency of observing sessions, temporal resolution of the parameters estimated by VLBI data analysis, time delay from observing to product, i.e. time which has passed after the end of the last session included in the VLBI solution till availability of the final products and frequency of solution (in the case of "global solutions";, when all existing or a high number of VLBI sessions are used to determine so-called global parameters). All IVS products and their potential users are covered in the report. This includes the Earth orientation parameters (EOP), the reference frames (TRF and CRF), geodynamical and geophysical parameters and physical parameters. Measures which should be taken within IVS to meet the goals defined in the first steps are presented. As most of the measures are related to the observing programs, these are the main focus for improving the current status of IVS products. The report shows that due to various requirements of the different users of IVS products the following aspects must be accomplished: - significant improvement of the accuracy of VLBI products, - shorter time delay from observation to availability of results, - almost continuous temporal coverage by VLBI sessions. A first scenario of the IVS observing program for 2002 and 2003 considers an increase of observing time by about 30%-40% and includes sessions carried out by S2 and K4 technology. The midterm observing program for the next 4-5 years seems to be rather ambitious. However, it appears feasible if all efforts are concentrated and the necessary resources are made available. From: Bidzina Kapanadze (Ilia State Iniversity) Address: bidzina_kapanadze@iliauni.edu.ge Database: ast

Multiple Intravenous Infusions Phase 2b: Laboratory Study

PubMed Central

Pinkney, Sonia; Fan, Mark; Chan, Katherine; Koczmara, Christine; Colvin, Christopher; Sasangohar, Farzan; Masino, Caterina; Easty, Anthony; Trbovich, Patricia

2014-01-01

Background Administering multiple intravenous (IV) infusions to a single patient via infusion pump occurs routinely in health care, but there has been little empirical research examining the risks associated with this practice or ways to mitigate those risks. Objectives To identify the risks associated with multiple IV infusions and assess the impact of interventions on nurses’ ability to safely administer them. Data Sources and Review Methods Forty nurses completed infusion-related tasks in a simulated adult intensive care unit, with and without interventions (i.e., repeated-measures design). Results Errors were observed in completing common tasks associated with the administration of multiple IV infusions, including the following (all values from baseline, which was current practice): setting up and programming multiple primary continuous IV infusions (e.g., 11.7% programming errors) identifying IV infusions (e.g., 7.7% line-tracing errors) managing dead volume (e.g., 96.0% flush rate errors following IV syringe dose administration) setting up a secondary intermittent IV infusion (e.g., 11.3% secondary clamp errors) administering an IV pump bolus (e.g., 11.5% programming errors) Of 10 interventions tested, 6 (1 practice, 3 technology, and 2 educational) significantly decreased or even eliminated errors compared to baseline. Limitations The simulation of an adult intensive care unit at 1 hospital limited the ability to generalize results. The study results were representative of nurses who received training in the interventions but had little experience using them. The longitudinal effects of the interventions were not studied. Conclusions Administering and managing multiple IV infusions is a complex and risk-prone activity. However, when a patient requires multiple IV infusions, targeted interventions can reduce identified risks. A combination of standardized practice, technology improvements, and targeted education is required. PMID:26316919

45 CFR 303.7 - Provision of services in interstate IV-D cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENFORCEMENT (CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STANDARDS FOR PROGRAM OPERATIONS § 303.7 Provision of services in interstate IV... central registry responsible for receiving, distributing and responding to inquiries on all incoming...

Evaluation of the Specialized, Volunteer Transportation Program of the Area IV Agency on Aging and Community Service

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-08-01

This report contains an evaluation of a specialized volunteer, rural : transportation program implemented in April of 1986. The Area IV Agency on : Aging and Community Services received a grant from the Urban Mass Transit : Administration for this pr...

45 CFR 309.35 - What are the procedures for review of a Tribal IV-D program application, plan or plan amendment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The effective date of a plan or plan amendment may not be earlier than the first day of the fiscal... program application, plan or plan amendment? 309.35 Section 309.35 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to... of a Tribal IV-D program application, plan or plan amendment? (a) The Secretary will promptly review...

76 FR 52658 - State Program Requirements; Approval of Application for Program Revision to the National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

... (ADEC) in four phases. Phases I-III have been transferred from the EPA to ADEC. In March 2011, ADEC made a submission for approval for a one year extension of the transfer of Phase IV of the APDES program... facilities not previously transferred in Phases I-III. The EPA approved the one year extension for Phase IV...

45 CFR 309.130 - How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-D Program Funding § 309.130 How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required? (a... grants of less than $1 million per 12-month funding period will receive a single annual award. Tribes and Tribal organizations eligible for grants of $1 million or more per 12-month funding period will receive...

45 CFR 309.130 - How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-D Program Funding § 309.130 How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required? (a... grants of less than $1 million per 12-month funding period will receive a single annual award. Tribes and Tribal organizations eligible for grants of $1 million or more per 12-month funding period will receive...

45 CFR 309.130 - How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-D Program Funding § 309.130 How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required? (a... grants of less than $1 million per 12-month funding period will receive a single annual award. Tribes and Tribal organizations eligible for grants of $1 million or more per 12-month funding period will receive...

45 CFR 309.130 - How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-D Program Funding § 309.130 How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required? (a... grants of less than $1 million per 12-month funding period will receive a single annual award. Tribes and Tribal organizations eligible for grants of $1 million or more per 12-month funding period will receive...

45 CFR 309.130 - How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-D Program Funding § 309.130 How will Tribal IV-D programs be funded and what forms are required? (a... grants of less than $1 million per 12-month funding period will receive a single annual award. Tribes and Tribal organizations eligible for grants of $1 million or more per 12-month funding period will receive...

78 FR 18325 - Defense Transportation Regulation, Part IV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... received in connection with the Defense Personal Property Program (DP3) Phase III Direct Procurement Method... at http://www.transcom.mil/dtr/part-iv/phaseiii.cfm (DPM SECTION). All identified changes will be... Defense Personal Property System (DPS) Phase III programming projected for FY17. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

Title IV Indian Education Program Evaluation 1986-87.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albuquerque Public Schools, NM. Planning, Research and Accountability.

Albuquerque (New Mexico) public schools used a Title IV Part A grant to improve academic and behavioral functioning of American Indian elementary and secondary school students. The program's focus was tutoring provided to 899 Indian students from Canoncito Navajo Reservation, the Isleta Pueblo, and the city. A project coordinator, a resource…

Title IV Indian Education Program Evaluation, 1985-86.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albuquerque Public Schools, NM. Planning, Research and Accountability.

Public schools in Albuquerque, New Mexico, used a Title IV Part A grant to assist American Indian elementary and secondary school students in receiving passing grades and improving school-related behaviors. Canoncito Navajo Reservation, the Isleta Pueblo, and urban Indian students in Albuquerque participated in the program. Personnel consisted of…

45 CFR 309.01 - What does this part cover?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT (CHILD SUPPORT... CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT (IV-D) PROGRAM Tribal IV-D Program: General Provisions § 309.01 What does this... Social Security Act. Section 455(f) of the Act authorizes direct grants to Indian Tribes and Tribal...

20 CFR 638.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JOB CORPS PROGRAM UNDER TITLE IV-B OF THE JOB TRAINING PARTNERSHIP ACT Purpose and Scope § 638.100 General. (a) Purpose and scope. The... Job Corps program, authorized under title IV-B of the Job Training Partnership Act (Act). Job Corps is...

An office model of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy.

PubMed

Tice, A D

1991-01-01

This office-based program for parenteral therapy began with the im administration of therapy to outpatients in 1981. Since then it has expanded in scope and staff and has provided more than 1,200 courses of i.v. antibiotics. The success of the program is dependent on patients' ability to provide i.v. medication to themselves. These patients are trained and cared for by a team consisting of a physician who specializes in infectious diseases, nurses trained in i.v. techniques, a pharmacist, and microbiologists who are all part of a practice of the subspecialty of infectious diseases. This office model has resulted in excellent quality of care for patients who have experienced few adverse effects or complications. The cost savings of an office program are significant compared to hospitalization for i.v. administration of antibiotics, but issues related to reimbursement are a constant issue.

Is Accreditation Accountable? The Continuing Conversation between Accreditation and the Federal Government. CHEA Monograph Series 2003, Number 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eaton, Judith S.

2003-01-01

This monograph addresses key issues in the current discussion between accreditation and the federal government relative to accountability and higher education. The reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (HEA) now being discussed in Congress is driving this issue to the top of the academic agenda. The paper describes some of the accountability…

Effects of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on ruminal digestion and microbial CP synthesis in lactating dairy cows

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of unroasted ground shelled corn (GSC) or roasted GSC (RGSC), when fed with alfalfa, ensiled in bag, bunker, or O2-limiting tower silos on ruminal digestion and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. The roasted corn was hea...

Interactions of C4 subtype metabolic activities and transport in maize are revealed through the characterization of DCT2 mutants

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

C4 photosynthesis is an elaborate set of metabolic pathways that utilize specialized anatomical and biochemical adaptations to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO. The activities of the C4 pathways are coordinated between two specialized leaf cell types, mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS), and rely hea...

Enhancing Access, Retention, Attainment and Progression in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature Showing Demonstrable Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Oliver; Wyness, Lynne; Cotton, Debby

2017-01-01

This report presents a synthesis of literature--published since 2008--that demonstrates significant impact in each of the key student outcomes of access, retention, attainment, and progression. This builds on a number of key Higher Education Academy (HEA) publications or projects from the past five years that have addressed issues associated with…

Congressionally Mandated Studies of College Costs and Prices. NCES 2003-171

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Education Statistics, 2002

2002-01-01

In its 1998 Amendments to the Higher Education Act, Congress directed the Commissioner of Education Statistics to conduct a study of higher education costs paid by institutions and prices paid by students and their families for a postsecondary education. (For the full law, see: http://www.ed.gov/legislation/HEA/sec101C.html). Section 131 of the…

34 CFR 602.24 - Additional procedures certain institutional accreditors must have.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... change of ownership. (c) Teach-out plans and agreements. (1) The agency must require an institution it accredits or preaccredits to submit a teach-out plan to the agency for approval upon the occurrence of any... with section 487(c)(1)(F) of the HEA, and that a teach-out plan is required. (ii) The agency acts to...

34 CFR 602.24 - Additional procedures certain institutional accreditors must have.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... change of ownership. (c) Teach-out plans and agreements. (1) The agency must require an institution it accredits or preaccredits to submit a teach-out plan to the agency for approval upon the occurrence of any... with section 487(c)(1)(F) of the HEA, and that a teach-out plan is required. (ii) The agency acts to...

34 CFR 602.24 - Additional procedures certain institutional accreditors must have.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... change of ownership. (c) Teach-out plans and agreements. (1) The agency must require an institution it accredits or preaccredits to submit a teach-out plan to the agency for approval upon the occurrence of any... with section 487(c)(1)(F) of the HEA, and that a teach-out plan is required. (ii) The agency acts to...

34 CFR 602.24 - Additional procedures certain institutional accreditors must have.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... change of ownership. (c) Teach-out plans and agreements. (1) The agency must require an institution it accredits or preaccredits to submit a teach-out plan to the agency for approval upon the occurrence of any... with section 487(c)(1)(F) of the HEA, and that a teach-out plan is required. (ii) The agency acts to...

Enhancing Feedback and Feed-Forward via Integrated Virtual Learning Environment Based Evaluation and Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penn, P.; Wells, I.

2017-01-01

Over the last 15 years, the subject of feedback on assessment has come under considerable scrutiny in the literature, with a particular focus on the utility of feedback for subsequent assessment (i.e. feed-forward). Organisations such as the Higher Education Academy (HEA) have synthesised research on this topic into guidance for tutors through the…

The Role of HEFCE in Teaching and Learning Enhancement: A Review of Evaluative Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trowler, Paul; Ashwin, Paul; Saunders, Murray

2014-01-01

This report was commissioned by the Higher Education Academy (HEA) at the request of the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). The report was produced by the Centre for Higher Education Research and Evaluation at Lancaster University. The views expressed in the report are those of the authors. The report evaluates HEFCE-funded…

Preparing and Credentialing the Nation's Teachers: The Secretary's 10th Report on Teacher Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education, 2016

2016-01-01

This 10th report on teacher quality presents information states reported to the U.S. Department of Education (Department) in October 2012, October 2013, and October 2014. "Title II" of the "Higher Education Act of 1965" ("HEA"), as amended in 2008 by the Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA), requires states to…

Application of washed rumen technique for rapid determination of fasting heat production in steers

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a washed rumen technique as an alternative approach for determining fasting HP in cattle. In Exp. 1, 8 Holstein steers (322±30 kg) were adapted to a cubed alfalfa-based diet (1.5xNEm) for 10 d. After which steers were placed into individual hea...

Review of the Research Literature on Defining and Demonstrating Quality Teaching and Impact in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strang, Lucy; Bélanger, Julie; Manville, Catriona; Meads, Catherine

2016-01-01

In March 2016, the Higher Education Academy (HEA) commissioned RAND Europe to conduct a literature review of research published since 2012, with the aim of identifying and summarising the key trends and issues in the literature on how "quality teaching" and its impact are currently being defined and demonstrated at higher education…

Simulation of Behavioral Variations in the Submission of Student Financial Statements: Effects on BEOG Costs. Stage I Draft Final Report for the Study of Program Management Procedures in the Campus-Based and Basic Grant Programs. (Volume IV).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, Richard

Volume IV of a study of program management procedures in the campus-based and Basic Educational Opportunity Grant (BEOG) programs deals with a set of simulated modifications in the statements made by BEOG applicants about their financial circumstances. Various kinds of misrepresentation of income, assets, and other factors are postulated, and the…

Unraveling Exercise Addiction: The Role of Narcissism and Self-Esteem

PubMed Central

Cicciarelli, Claudio; Romeo, Vincenzo Maria; Pandolfo, Gianluca

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in fitness clubs and to identify possible factors in the development of the disorder. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were administered to a sample of 150 consecutive gym attenders recruited in fitness centers. Based on EAI total score, high EA risk group (HEA n = 51) and a low EA risk group (LEA n = 69) were identified. HEA reported significantly higher total score (mean = 20.2 versus 14.6) on the NPI scale and lower total score (mean = 32.2 versus 36.4) on the SEI scale than LEA. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that only narcissism and self-esteem total scores (F = 5.66; df = 2; P = 0.006) were good predictors of days per week exercise. The present study confirms the direct and combined role of both labile self-esteem and high narcissism in the development of exercise addiction as predictive factors towards the risk of addiction. Multidisciplinary trained health care providers (physiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatrists) should carefully identify potential overexercise conditions in order to prevent the potential risk of exercise addiction. PMID:25405056

A Novel Lectin with Antiproliferative and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activities from Dried Fruiting Bodies of the Monkey Head Mushroom Hericium erinaceum

PubMed Central

Li, Yanrui; Zhang, Guoqing; Ng, Tzi Bun; Wang, Hexiang

2010-01-01

A lectin designated as Hericium erinaceum agglutinin (HEA) was isolated from dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom Hericium erinaceum with a chromatographic procedure which entailed DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, and FPLC Superdex 75. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 51 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequences was distinctly different from those of other isolated mushroom lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of HEA was inhibited at the minimum concentration of 12.5 mM by inulin. The lectin was stable at pH 1.9–12.1 and at temperatures up to 70°C, but was inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ ions. The lectin exhibited potent mitogenic activity toward mouse splenocytes, and demonstrated antiproliferative activity toward hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells with an IC50 of 56.1 μM and 76.5 μM, respectively. It manifested HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 31.7 μM. The lectin exhibited potent mitogenic activity toward murine splenocytes but was devoid of antifungal activity. PMID:20625408

Two Validity Studies of CLEP Subject Examination in Elementary Computer Programming: Fortran IV, U. T. Austin, Spring 1979 and Spring 1982. Research Bulletin 82-8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appenzellar, Anne B.; Kelley, H. Paul

Two validity studies of the College Board College-Level Examination Program (CLEP) Subject Examination in Elementary Computer Programming: Fortran IV determined that CLEP scores are appropriate for granting examination credit at the University of Texas at Austin. The standard-setting administration was in the spring of 1979, with a re-evaluation…

Assessment Inventories, Surveys, and Templates for Evaluating Educational Technology Regional and Local Assistance Programs. Phase IV of the Comprehensive Study of Educational Technology Programs Authorized from 1984-1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Far West Lab. for Educational Research and Development, San Francisco, CA.

This report on Phase IV, of a four-phase study, provided for the development of evaluation templates and instruments to be used by the California Department of Education to facilitate systematic assessment of state funded educational technology programs and projects. These assessment documents comprised the major data collection sources for the…

The Composition of the Master Schedule

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Cynthia C.; Behrend, Dirk; MacMillan, Daniel S.

2010-01-01

Over a period of about four months, the IVS Coordinating Center (IVSCC) each year composes the Master Schedule for the IVS observing program of the next calendar year. The process begins in early July when the IVSCC contacts the IVS Network Stations to request information about available station time as well as holiday and maintenance schedules for the upcoming year. Going through various planning stages and a review process with the IVS Observing Program Committee (OPC), the final version of the Master Schedule is posted by early November. We describe the general steps of the composition and illustrate them with the example of the planning for the Master Schedule of the 2010 observing year.

Fundamentals of Title IV Administration: From Applying to Creating Reports, 2003-2004.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Federal Student Aid (ED), Washington, DC.

This document provides a Fundamentals of Title IV Administration Workshop Agenda. The agenda includes an introduction and high level overview: the process in general; history of the programs; laws and regulations; and overview of the programs. Following this is a section on applying to participate and understand your school's responsibilities…

45 CFR 1355.35 - Program improvement plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... developed jointly by title IV-E agency and Federal staff in consultation with the review team; (ii) Identify... how the action steps in the plan build on and make progress over prior program improvement plans; (vii... evaluated jointly by the title IV-E agency and ACF, in collaboration with other members of the review team...