Sister Mary Emil Penet, I.H.M.: Founder of the Sister Formation Conference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glisky, Joan

2006-01-01

Mary Emil Penet, I.H.M., (1916-2001) used her talents and charisma to shape the first national organization of American women religious, the Sister Formation Conference (SFC; 1954-1964), facilitating the integrated intellectual, spiritual, psychological, and professional development of vowed women religious. In the decade preceding Vatican II, her…

Emil Votocek (1872-1950): A Tribute to the Chemist-Composer-Lexicographer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kauffman*, George B.; Jursík**, Frantisek; Rae***, Ian D.

1999-04-01

Emil Votocek (1872-1950), Professor of Experimental Inorganic and Organic Chemistry at the Czech Technical University at Prague (1905-1939) and cofounder and coeditor of the journal Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, was an authority on the chemistry of carbohydrates, especially sugars. Although primarily known for his research on organic, analytical, inorganic, and plant chemistry, this polyglot scholar and lexicographer was also a composer who wrote nearly 60 musical compositions during the relatively short period of 15 years.

Thinking about the Nature and Role of Authority in Democratic Education with Rousseau's "Emile"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michaud, Olivier

2012-01-01

Educational authority is an issue in contemporary democracies. Surprisingly, little attention has been given to the problem of authority in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Emile" and his work has not been addressed in the contemporary debate on the issue of authority in democratic education. Olivier Michaud's goals are, first, to address both of these…

Sophie and Emile: A Case Study of Sex Bias in the History of Educational Thought.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jane Roland

1981-01-01

Martin argues that the accepted interpretation of Rousseau's philosophy of education, as revealed in "Emile," is fundamentally mistaken because it fails to acknowledge his discussion of the education of girls. She proposes that Rousseau intended a production and not a growth model which applies to the education of both sexes. (SK)

77 FR 72906 - Chessie Logistics Co., LLC-Acquisition and Operation Exemption-J. Emil Anderson & Son, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35700] Chessie Logistics Co., LLC--Acquisition and Operation Exemption-- J. Emil Anderson & Son, Inc. Chessie Logistics Co..., including 431 feet of siding, in the city of Melrose Park, Cook County, Ill. (the Track). According to...

Fifty-year old and still ticking.... an interview with Emile Zuckerkandl on the 50th anniversary of the molecular clock. Interview by Giacomo Bernardi.

PubMed

Zuckerkandl, Emile

2012-06-01

In 1962, a young post-doctoral fellow and a prominent Nobel Prize winner, Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling, published a seminal paper that described the relationship between the average number of aminoacid replacements and divergence time, known as the molecular clock (Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1962). Fifty years after the original publication, I was fortunate enough to interview Emile Zuckerkandl. We shared thoughts on his life and the historical events that led to the discovery of the molecular clock.

[On the Awarding of the First Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine to Emil von Behring].

PubMed

Hansson, Nils; Enke, Ulrike

2015-12-01

In his will of 1895, the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel laid the foundation for prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace to those who had "conferred the greatest benefit on mankind" during the last year. The Nobel Prize is today widely considered as the most prestigious international symbol of scientific excellence, but it still is an exciting research question how it gained such prestige. Drawing on files from the Emil von Behring Archive in Marburg, Germany, and the Archive of the Nobel Assembly for Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm this essay aims at shedding light on why the first Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1901 was awarded the German immunologist Emil von Behring, and how this decision was viewed at that time. This study is part of a research project that explores mechanisms leading to scientific recognition by using the example of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Mathematical Physics in the Style of Gabriel Lamé and the Treatise of Emile Mathieu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbin, Évelyne; Guitart, René

The Treatise of Mathematical Physics of Emile Mathieu, published from 1873 to 1890, provided an exposition of the specific French "Mathematical Physics" inherited from Lamé, himself an heir of Poisson, Fourier, and Laplace. The works of all these authors had significant differences, but they were pursuing the same goal, described here with its relation to Theoretical Physics.

The Happy and Suffering Student? Rousseau's "Emile" and the Path Not Taken in Progressive Educational Thought

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mintz, Avi I.

2012-01-01

One of the mantras of progressive education is that genuine learning ought to be exciting and pleasurable, rather than joyless and painful. To a significant extent, Jean-Jacques Rousseau is associated with this mantra. In a theme of "Emile" that is often neglected in the educational literature, however, Rousseau stated that "to suffer is the first…

Remembering Emil von Behring: from Tetanus Treatment to Antibody Cooperation with Phagocytes

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT A century ago, Emil von Behring passed away. He was the first to be honored by the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1901 for the successful therapy of diphtheria and tetanus, which he had developed from the bench to the bed. He also contributed to the foundation of immunology, since his therapy was based on passive immunization with specific antisera. Being an ambitious character, he did not shy away from friction with his colleagues Paul Ehrlich and Elias Metchnikoff and his mentor, Robert Koch. Behring was not only an excellent translational researcher but also a successful entrepreneur and early proponent of public-private partnerships. PMID:28246359

Remembering Emil von Behring: from Tetanus Treatment to Antibody Cooperation with Phagocytes.

PubMed

Kaufmann, Stefan H E

2017-02-28

A century ago, Emil von Behring passed away. He was the first to be honored by the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1901 for the successful therapy of diphtheria and tetanus, which he had developed from the bench to the bed. He also contributed to the foundation of immunology, since his therapy was based on passive immunization with specific antisera. Being an ambitious character, he did not shy away from friction with his colleagues Paul Ehrlich and Elias Metchnikoff and his mentor, Robert Koch. Behring was not only an excellent translational researcher but also a successful entrepreneur and early proponent of public-private partnerships. Copyright © 2017 Kaufmann.

On the Necessity of Re-Engaging the Classical Greek and Latin Literatures: Lessons from Emile Durkheim's "The Evolution of Educational Thought"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prus, Robert

2012-01-01

Although much overlooked by both sociologists and educators, Emile Durkheim's "The Evolution of Educational Thought" ("EET"; lectures from 1904-1905) not only provides extended insight into the developmental flows and disjunctures of Western education and scholarship from the classical Greek era to Durkheim's own time but also…

Emil Godlewski, Jr. (1875-1944) pioneer of embryology at the Jagiellonian University of Krakow (Poland).

PubMed

Sliwa, Leopold

2008-01-01

Emil Godlewski, Jr. (1875-1944) lived and worked in Krakow. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University with the title of Doctor of Medical Science. He worked at the Faculty of Medicine, first in the Institute of Descriptive Anatomy and later as Professor of Biology and Embryology in the Department of Biology and Embryology, which he founded and led for many years. After early research on the development and histogenesis of muscles, professor Godlewski's scientific interests focused on regeneration and mechanisms regulating the process of fertilization, as well as early embryo development, blastulation and gastrulation. He was also interested in the origin of the primary differentiating cells in regenerates. He postulated the importance of epithelial tissue in this process and was the first to point out the change in the function, organization and role of the cells under the influence of external stimuli. Investigating fertilization and early development, he focused on the cooperation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the regulation of the early stages of development. Godlewski was also the author of the theory of migration of the inherited substances from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and, after their processing, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. His works were never fragmentary, but always synthetical attempts at explaining important issues relating to the mechanisms of development. In 1936 Professor Godlewski was awarded the title of Member of the Pontifica Accademia delle Scienze. Apart from doing research and teaching, Emil Godlewski devoted a lot of time to social issues, especially those connected to medicine. When Poland regained independence after World War I, he actively participated in the reopening of the Jagiellonian University.

The EMIL project at BESSY II: Beamline design and performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hendel, Stefan, E-mail: stefan.hendel@helmholtz-berlin.de; Schäfers, Franz; Reichardt, Gerd

2016-07-27

The Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL) at BESSY-II is currently under construction. Two canted undulators for soft- and hard X-rays will be installed into the BESSY II storage ring in one straight section, complex beamlines with more than twenty optical elements will be set up and a new laboratory building attached to BESSY II will host three endstations and a large UHV-transfer system connecting various HV- and UHV-deposition systems. The undulators, UE48 and U17, provide a broad energy spectrum of 80 - 10000 eV, of which the harder radiation (>700 eV) is provided by a cryogenic in-vacuum device. Threemore » monochromators (two plane grating monochromators (PGM) and one LN{sub 2}-cooled double crystal monochromator (DCM)) disperse the radiation into separate pathways of 65 m length, while downstream of the monochromators split-mirror chambers distribute the photon beam to one (or simultaneously to two) of five upcoming endstations. Three of these endstations are designed for the full energy range with spatial overlap of the soft and hard foci, whereas one endstation (PEEM) uses only the soft and another one (PINK) only the hard branch, respectively.« less

The Paul-Emile Victor group. to the rescue of the sea (in French)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The Paul-Emile Victor Group, which includes P. E. Victor, J. Auriol, A. Bombard, J. Y. Consteau, J. Debat, L. Leprince-Ringuet, and H. Tazieff, was formed to protect man and his environment, and for about a year has been prepared to deal with problems caused by marine pollution. Eight industrial firms, including the Compagnie Francaise des Petroles, supply chemical, financial, and scientific assistance. The Service d'Action and d'Assistance Marine d'Urgence and de Recherche (SAMUR), has three functions: corrective action, research and prevention, and education; it is divided into two sections: one comprising several rapid-action units (UNIR), and the other constituting amore » center for marine bioecological study and research (''cerber-mer''). The UNIR includes professional divers, pollution-control technicians, and biologists and goes into action immediately. The ''cerber-mer'' section will constitute a 24 hr information-exchange center for all of Europe.« less

[Physician Emile Littré, French translator and publisher of Hippocrates].

PubMed

Frøland, Anders

2006-01-01

To-day, the French author and scholar Emile Littré (1801-1881) is best known as the founder of a widely used dictionary of the French language. He was one of the most diligent French authors in the nineteenth century and had a huge knowledge of modern and ancient languages, medicine, science, history, and philosophy. Apart from the dictionary, his most impressive work was the edition and translation of the complete collection of the Hippocratic writings (1839-61). The translation was meant to serve as a textbook for French doctors, but the rapid development in medicine made it obsolete in that respect before it was completed. Instead it is now a philological and historical monument. Littré also published a large number of books and articles on positivism, history, politics, philology, and medicine. He was politically active as supporter of the French republic during the periods of monarchy and was elected lifelong senator of the French National Assembly after the 1870-71 war. He was elected member of the French Academy in spite of intense opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. He was an atheist, but was baptised on his deathbed by his wife. His edition of the Hippocratic writings still remains the only complete collection in Greek and a modern language.

[Emil Kraepelin's time in Dorpat - Did this stay made marks in Russian and Soviet psychiatry?

PubMed

Engmann, Birk; Steinberg, Holger

2017-11-01

In Russia, German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) is regarded as an influential and famous personality in the history of the field. This study discusses whether it was his period in the Russian Empire in the years 1886 to 1891 when he worked at Dorpat University (today Tartu, Estonia) that raised his popularity in Russia. Our research shows that all of his writings which had been translated into Russian language derive from a period much later than Dorpat. Moreover, none of his students has ever reached a scientific position which would have enabled him to become a proponent of Kraepelin's ideas in Russia. Despite his stay at Dorpat was important for Kraepelin's scientific development, it had no major impact on Russian psychiatry.The later perception of Kraepelin in Russia and in the Soviet Union is quite inconsistent. At some point of time, his works on experimental psychology were appreciated, which was probably connected with the rise of reflexology in Russian and, especially, Soviet psychiatry. On the other hand, it was Kraepelin's merits in the classification of psychiatric diseases that have mainly been acknowledged. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Free will and determinism in first Isaiah: secular hermeneutics, the poetics of contingency, and Emile Durkheim's Homo duplex.

PubMed

Berlinerblau, Jacques

2003-01-01

Are human beings the sovereign authors of their own thoughts and actions? Or are thought and action determined by external forces beyond their comprehension and control? For the biblical document known to exegetes as First Isaiah (chapters 1-39 of the Book of Isaiah) the answer to both queries seems to be yes. In this article various solutions are advanced to explain why this text equivocates on the question of free will and determinism. One possibility is that the document's collective, transhistorical composition may have scrambled its once coherent message beyond all recognition. Following Emile Durkheim's discussions of homo duplex, it will also be suggested that First Isaiah's confusion may be a manifestation of a deeper contradiction inherent to human consciousness-one that thus recurs across sociological time and space. Both solutions are united by their rejection of traditional theological approaches that have been brought to bear on First Isaiah and the Hebrew Bible in general. It is the movement away from such apologetic exegesis that characterizes the inchoate interpretive orientation that I call "secular hermeneutics."

["As we're not willing to hang and behead and not able to deport...". On Emil Kraepelin's influence on Franz von Liszt].

PubMed

Schmidt-Recla, A; Steinberg, H

2008-03-01

Emil Kraepelin started his scientific career with a pamphlet demanding complete restructure of German penal law. It is well known that Kraepelin was a recipient of Cesare Lombroso's theses on degeneration and atavism. Therefore his demand for a correctional law completely replacing penal law is easily understood. Still undiscussed however is the question of whether Kraepelin's brochure had a decisive effect on German criminal law, especially on the so-called Marburg Program of Franz von Liszt, still viewed as the first emergence of modern criminal law and policies in Germany. Examination of this shows that despite major theoretical faults, Kraepelin came to conclusions that correspond remarkably with von Liszt's. Special focus should be directed on the psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, who criticised Kraepelin's juridical attempt in a very kind yet fundamental way, and on the relationship that existed between Kraepelin and von Liszt.

Obituary: Henry Emil Kandrup, 1955-2003

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merritt, David; Gottesman, Stephen T.

2004-12-01

Henry Emil Kandrup died on 18 October 2003 at his home in Gainesville Florida. Henry was a theoretical astrophysicist specializing in the application of chaotic dynamics to stellar systems. At the time of his death, Henry was a Professor at the University of Florida where he had taught for 13 years. Henry was born in Manhasset, New York on July 24, 1955 and spent most of his childhood in Great Neck. His parents, Jytte and Fred, were immigrants from Denmark where his father had worked as a silver smith. Henry was a precocious child, skipping both third and fifth grades. With the help of Sidney Spivack, a professor of sociology at Columbia University, his parents enrolled Henry in the Brooks Preparatory School in Andover, Massachusetts. After graduating at age 16, Henry enrolled at Cornell, transferring to Princeton the following year. Henry's parents adored their only child and worked hard to provide him with intellectual opportunities. Henry became an accomplished musician (organ, piano, French horn) and linguist (English, Danish, German) and was a passionate devotee of opera and ballet. Henry received his PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, where his thesis advisor was James Ipser. He taught at Oakland University in Michigan and Syracuse University in New York before coming to the University of Florida in 1990. Henry was sui generis. He shunned conventionality in his personal appearance and in his public demeanor, and always chose forthrightness and candor over polite silence. But to those of us who knew Henry well, his bluntness was a reflection of his intellectual consistency. Henry always said exactly what he thought, both in his published work and his public presentations, and never compromised himself for the sake of appearances. Nothing that he said or wrote was less than fully thought out. Henry's PhD thesis was entitled "Stochastic Problems in Stellar Dynamics," and most of his subsequent research was in this field. Motion in stellar systems can be

Loving your child to death: Considerations of the care of chronically ill children and euthanasia in Emil Sher’s Mourning Dove

PubMed Central

Mukhida, Karim

2007-01-01

How do parents cope when their child is ill or dying, and when he or she is experiencing constant pain or suffering? What do parents think of the contributions that medical professionals make to the care of their chronically or terminally ill child? Is it possible for a parent to love a child so much that they wish their child to be dead? The purpose of the present paper is to explore these questions and aspects of the care of chronically or terminally ill children using Mourning Dove’s portrayal of one family’s attempt to care for their ill daughter. Mourning Dove, a play written by Canadian playwright Emil Sher, was inspired by the case of Saskatchewan wheat farmer Robert Latimer who killed his 12-year-old daughter, Tracy, who suffered with cerebral palsy and had begun to experience tremendous pain. Rather than focusing on the medical or legal aspects of the care of a chronically ill child, the play offers a glimpse into how a family copes with the care of such a child and the effect the child’s illness has on the family. The reading and examination of nonmedical literature, such as Mourning Dove, serves as a useful means for medical professionals to better understand how illness affects and is responded to by patients and their families. This understanding is a prerequisite for them to be able to provide complete care of children with chronic or terminal illnesses and their families. PMID:19043501

Human Security: Relevance and Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

Other deprivations that can motivate conflict include an in- tolerable loss of honor. Emile Durkheim , an early sociologist, called attention in late...Anderson. 49. Emile Durkheim , Suicide, trans. J. A. Spaulding and G. Simpson (New York: The Free Press, 1951); Emile Durkheim , The Division of Labor in

Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

assess such systems – terrorist networks are but one example. Additionally, as sociologist Emile Durkheim observes, the combinations of elements...University Press, 99), 0. Cited hereafter as Jervis, System Effects. Emile Durkheim , The Rules of Sociological Method (Glencoe, IL: Free Press...Puzzles. New York, NY: Main Street, 2005. Durkheim , Emile . The Rules of Sociological Method. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1938. Eco, Umberto, and

Shia Rituals: The Impact of Shia Rituals on Shia Socio-Political Character

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

flagellation, Emile Durkheim , Khomeini, Sistani, Motahhari 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY...strengthening social bonds than secular rituals are. According to Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), “religious rituals are used by people to sacrilize the social...website, http://reality.media.mit.edu/pdfs/Lawrence.pdf (accessed January 30, 2009). 112 Emile Durkheim , The Elementary Forms of Religious Life

Coherence-Based Modeling of Cultural Change and Political Violence

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-31

the classic sociologist Emile Durkheim . The grid/group concept was introduced to the risk analysis community in 1982 by a book Douglas wrote with...has been compared at time to the pioneering concepts of integration and regulation by 19th century sociologist Emile Durkheim (1997 [1897]), for... Durkheim , Emile , Suicide. (New York: Free Press, 1897. Reissue edition. 1997). Dufwenberg, Martin, and Georg Kirchsteiger, 1998. A Theory of

Is Systemic Operation Design Capable of Reducing Significantly Bias in Operational Level Planning Caused by Military Organizational Culture?

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-25

73See Emile Durkheim , The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, (New York: Collier, 1961) and Erving Goffman, Interaction Ritual, (New York: Doubleday... Durkheim , Emile . The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: Collier, 1961. Foerster, Heinz von. Understanding. Essays on Cybernetics and...he examined. Utilizing Erving Goffman’s phrase (interaction ritual) he quoted Emile Durkheim’s famous observation of the ritualistic element of

The Trend Toward Rationalization and the Military Profession

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-27

organizational trend is derived from the writings of Emile Durkheim , Ferdinand Toennies, and Max Weber who suggest that: concomitant with economic...Moskos’ analysis totally excluded from consideration the effects of organizations on individuals. In the tradition of Emile Durkheim , Butler holds...issues stand out. First, the central theme of both Moskos’ and Janowitz’s work is rooted in the tradition of Emile Durkheim , Ferdinand Toennies, and

Holistic Integrative Analysis of International Change: A Commentary on Teaching Emergent Futures (Proteus Monograph Series. Volume 1, Issue 3)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

especially by comparing the late nineteenth century holistic sociology tradition of Max Weber, Emile Durkheim , and others to the single disciplinary...this developmentally, as Max Weber, Emile Durkheim (1973), and others previously quoted, have said, and also emergently as societal paths, as Hayek...Art of War: Sun Tzu. Boston: Shambhala. Classics. Drucker, Peter. “Management’s New Paradigms.” Forbes. October 5th, 1998: 152-162. Durkheim , Emile

Avoiding the Leviathan: A Strategy to Limit Post-Conflict Normative Breakdown

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Emile Durkheim in his seminal work Suicide hypothesized that societies that go through periods of rapid change (such as the industrial revolution...French 4 sociologist and philosopher Emile Durkheim in his seminal work Suicide.13 Anomie (from the Greek a nomos, meaning without norms) is a...and Effervescence,” Durkheim and Violence. ed. S. Romi Mukherjee, (West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2010), 5-7. 13 Emile Durkheim , Suicide

Does the Current 20th Century Navy Personnel Management System Meet 21st Century Sailors’ Needs

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

symbols and our institutions. Technology moves non-human logic to center stage in our overall development. 10 Emile Durkheim in his seminal work, The...Management and Labor Economics Literature The Division of Labor in Society by Emile Durkheim explored the area of how complex societies demand a...the Future: The 1990’s and Beyond. New York: Penguin Books, 1992; Truman Talley Books/Plume, 1993. Durkheim , Emile . The Division of Labor in

Faith and the Soldier: Religious Support on the Airland Battlefield.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-31

whether or not they could find good reasons for doing so." 53 The Forces of Faith The sociologist Emile Durkheim was convinced by his studies that...Vet Center Voice, Vol VI (6), July 1985), pp. 1, 9. Durkheim , Emile . Suicide: A Study in Sociology. New York: Free Press, 1951. (Reprint of 1897...edition.) Durkheim , Emile . The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: Macmillan, 1915. (Reprint of 1912 edition.) Eccles, Henry E., RADM

Y: The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

Emile Durkheim once called “altruistic suicide.” The men and women who regularly blow themselves up, at the direction of the vanguard and in support of...at Western infidels wherever they exist.428 As Durkheim described them, they are individuals who “are almost completely absorbed in the group”; who...429Emile Durkheim quoted in Gould, “Suicide as a Weapon of Mass Destruction. 430Emile Durkheim quoted in Gould, “Suicide as a Weapon of Mass Destruction

Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of the Mountain Creek Area, North Central Texas. Volume 2. Historic Farming on the Hogwallow Prairies

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

Engineers, Publishing Co., Dallas. Fort Worth District. Durkheim , Emile 1982 Part II: Historical Archaeology. In 1933 On the Division of Labor in...Holveck Dee Ella Ho/Yard 3-4-1905 John Emil 6.11-1895/6-29-1972 232 Architectural Trends Table 18-2 MORTUARY ARCHITECTURE: STONE SHAPES Tablet Pulpit...CEMETERY LISTINGS Map Name Birth/Death Commemoration Stone Type Pleasant Valley 2 John Emil Holveck 6-11-1895/6-29-1972 Texas Pvt. US Army WWI Flat Granite

Suicide Prevention: It’s All About Leadership

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Emile Durkheim in his book A Study in Sociology, and Thomas Joiner’s book Why People Die By Suicide. In order to frame Durkheim’s and Joiner’s theories...sociologists such as Emile Durkheim and Thomas Joiner, on the impacts social safety networks have on individuals seeking suicide as an alternative to...6. 25 Ibid., 6. 26 Ibid., 8. 27 Emile Durkheim , Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans John A. Spaulding and George Simpson (Illinois: The Free

Conference Proceedings for Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (8th) held in Monterey, California on January 29 - 31 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Research Center, East Hartford, CT Program Chair Anthony Dandridge Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC PROGRAM COMMnrTEE KIIIl BIetekjaer WAilliam W...Moray Norwegian knst. of Technology, Norway tkited Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT Jacek Chrostowski Julchl Noda National Research ...Technology, Boulder, CO Aa .Rgr Shacul Ezekiel *Vngs College, London, United lingdomn MIT, Lexington, MA Pee J. Samson Masamltsu Haruna BHP Central Research

Pastor Emile's Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sam-Peal, Emile Desmond Ebun

2008-01-01

This article outlines the efforts of one man in a war-ravaged country to make a radical difference in the lives of children that have suffered the consequences of civil strife. The author was leader of a Baptist denomination in Liberia throughout a period of a civil war that devastated the country. Despite personal and political turmoil, he is an…

Conflict Management and Whole of Government: Useful Tools for U.S. National Security Strategy?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

pp 3-16. Durkheim , Emile . Durkheim on Religion. Atlanta, GA: Ameri- can Academy of Religion. 1994. Economist Intelligence Unit, The (EIU). Democracy...15. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, p. 4. 16. Emile Durkheim , Durkheim on Religion, Atlanta, GA: American

76 FR 56004 - Mannheim Armitage Railway, LLC-Acquisition and Operation Exemption-Certain Trackage Rights of J...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35540] Mannheim Armitage Railway, LLC--Acquisition and Operation Exemption--Certain Trackage Rights of J. Emil Anderson & Son, Inc... verified notice of exemption \\1\\ under 49 CFR 1150.31 to acquire from J. Emil Anderson & Son, Inc...

Cross-Sector Collaboration Among Critical Infrastructure Utilities: A Case Study for Assessing Relational Capacity

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

individual 135 Statement by participant on the “Response Form,” June 2007. 136 Ibid. 137 Emile Durkheim , The Division of Labor in Society, ed. George...Report for Congress. Washington, DC: Federation of American Scientists, Revised May 2007. Durkheim , Emile . The Division of Labor in Society

Software-Realized Scaffolding to Facilitate Programming for Science Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guzdial, Mark

1994-01-01

Discussion of the use of programming as a learning activity focuses on software-realized scaffolding. Emile, software that facilitates programming for modeling and simulation in physics, is described, and results of an evaluation of the use of Emile with high school students are reported. (Contains 95 references.) (LRW)

Max Weber's Contribution to the Sociology of Education: A Critical Appreciation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rao, S. Srinivasa; Singh, Smriti

2018-01-01

Karl Emil Maximilian Weber (1864-1920), more widely known as Max Weber, is credited with numerous contributions to modern sociology and is considered one of the pillars of the discipline along with Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Marx (1818-1883) was an established predecessor from Germany whose study of the nineteenth-century European society was…

Botany and the Taming of Female Passion: Rousseau and Contemporary Educational Concepts of Young Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kleinau, Elke

2012-01-01

Central in the analyses of women's and gender studies within the history of education has been Rousseau's (Emil oder Uber die Erziehung, 12th edn. Ferdinand Schoningh, Paderborn 1762) educational novel Emile, especially Book 5, which deals with the education of Sophie, Emilie's future spouse. Given the lasting interest in the person of Rousseau…

Rousseau and the Education of Compassion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Richard

2008-01-01

In this paper I examine Rousseau's strategy for teaching compassion in "Book Four of Emile." In particular, I look at the three maxims on compassion that help to organise Rousseau's discussion, and the precise strategy that Emile's tutor uses to instil compassion while avoiding other passions, such as anger, fear and pride. The very idea of an…

The Sticky Subject of Religion: Can It Ever be the Glue for a Stable Society?

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

understandable, two notable scholars from very different perspectives, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) and later Emile Durkheim (1858–1917), questioned...an endorsement from the emerging field of sociology. Although Emile Durkheim denied religion had a supernatural origin, he nonetheless argued for...Like Rousseau, Durkheim was intrigued by the commonalities among religions and attempted to identify essential core elements across religious

State Instability and Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

instability at the country-level using a modified breakdown theoretical framework. This framework is based especially upon the work of Emile Durkheim ...Quantitative Criminology, ed. Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd. New York: Springer New York. 225 Durkheim , Emile . 1930 [1951]. Suicide: A...terrorism is a form ( Durkheim , 1930 [1951]; Useem, 1998). In addition, different types of instability ought to invite different levels of terrorism

Order of Battle of the United States Army World War II

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-12-01

Emil ...1 Lar 1945’: 13 Dec IS 13 Doc 1944- !; 13 Doc 1944 •3.3 Deo 1944 Maj Gen Emil F Rheinhardt Col Lloyd H Gibbons ’ ’’ Brig Gen Robert V Maraist...land • • ’ ’•’ ! Glen-Munchve Her . j Kaisers lautern Bad Durkheim . • Rbckenhausen . ..-..• Mainz ’ Wiesbaden Li’ch : Pfalz Pfalz Pfalz : Pfalz

Latin American Special Economic Zones and Their Impacts on Regional Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

25 Emile Durkheim and W. D. Halls, The Division of Labor in Society [De la division du travail social], (New York: Free Press, 1984), 352...Rio/ISER.” Agenda de Seguridad en el MERCOSUR: Triple Frontera como espacio de inseguridad regional.” Rio de Janeiro, 2005. Durkheim , Emile and W...for global economic prosperity. French sociologist Émile Durkheim further developed Condorcet’s concept by stressing the connectedness of

Preventing Suicide: A Mission Too Big to Fail

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Reframing Suicide in the Military,” 8. 141 Emile Durkheim , Suicide: A Study in Sociology (New York, New York: The Free Press, 1951), 298. 142...Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions,” American Psychology 60, no. 5 (Jul-Aug 2005): 410-21. 148 Emile Durkheim , Suicide: A...result, Durkheim studied two kinds of regulation: social integration and moral integration.145 Social and moral integration are the foundation on

Factors Affecting the Role and Employment of Peacekeeping Forces in Africa South of the Sahara.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

reinforcing. Although abstract, the w concept is similar to that used by Emile Durkheim in his discussion of social solidarity. I rhe concept of...I Forces Involved: Support for Congolese air power: Ethiopia provided Emil a jet fighter and possibly pilots; Ghana, seven pilots and two air traffic...problems Durkheim 3 ’ encountered when he attempted to measure social solidarity. His earlier efforts to social solidarity directly through an

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security (7th Annual), The Human Element in Organizational Sensitivity, Held at White Oak, Maryland, 16-17 November 1982

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-16

ANOMIE--DEFINITIONAL BOUNDS AND DIAGNOSIS The term anomie first was used by Emile Durkheim in his famous study Suicide, published in 1897. He... Emile Durkheim , Suicide (1897), translated by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson, New York: The Free Press, 1951. 6. Quoted in B. H. Stoodley, Society...34 of anomous into French as ]’Anomie. As part of the study, Durkheim developed a theory of human needs and aspirations to explain variations in

Enzymatic corn wet milling: engineering process and cost model

PubMed Central

Ramírez, Edna C; Johnston, David B; McAloon, Andrew J; Singh, Vijay

2009-01-01

Background Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) is a process derived from conventional wet milling for the recovery and purification of starch and co-products using proteases to eliminate the need for sulfites and decrease the steeping time. In 2006, the total starch production in USA by conventional wet milling equaled 23 billion kilograms, including modified starches and starches used for sweeteners and ethanol production [1]. Process engineering and cost models for an E-milling process have been developed for a processing plant with a capacity of 2.54 million kg of corn per day (100,000 bu/day). These models are based on the previously published models for a traditional wet milling plant with the same capacity. The E-milling process includes grain cleaning, pretreatment, enzymatic treatment, germ separation and recovery, fiber separation and recovery, gluten separation and recovery and starch separation. Information for the development of the conventional models was obtained from a variety of technical sources including commercial wet milling companies, industry experts and equipment suppliers. Additional information for the present models was obtained from our own experience with the development of the E-milling process and trials in the laboratory and at the pilot plant scale. The models were developed using process and cost simulation software (SuperPro Designer®) and include processing information such as composition and flow rates of the various process streams, descriptions of the various unit operations and detailed breakdowns of the operating and capital cost of the facility. Results Based on the information from the model, we can estimate the cost of production per kilogram of starch using the input prices for corn, enzyme and other wet milling co-products. The work presented here describes the E-milling process and compares the process, the operation and costs with the conventional process. Conclusion The E-milling process was found to be cost

[Emil Kraepelin: a pioneer of modern psychiatry. On the occasion of the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of his birth].

PubMed

Géraud, M

2007-09-01

Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) whose hundred and fiftieth birth anniversary we are celebrating this year, is one of the most renowned figures of psychiatry. His Memoirs published in 1983 provide insight on the individual. In his early career he lived in Würzburg, Munich, Leipzig, Leubus, Dresden, and then in Dorpat in 1886 (as visiting professor) where he stayed for five years, in Heidelberg (as regular professor) from 1891 to 1904, and lastly in Munich. Kraepelin ranks among the great clinical medicine forerunners who followed in Kahlbaum's footsteps. For him, the foremost task of scientific psychiatry was to circumscribe pathological entities. At the foundation of Kraepelin-inspired scientific psychiatry lies the notion of the of disease, as opposed to the approach (5th edition of the Treatise), whereby it is no longer concerned with the study of mental disorder in terms of symptoms but rather in terms of conditions of occurrence, evolution and outcome thereof. This method produced two well-known results: the unification and recognition of , and the definition of (dementia praecox). These results are described in the Treatise of Psychiatry which has had eight editions during the author's lifetime (from 1883 to 1915), and which presents Kraepelin's systematic nosography covering the entire field of mental illness. Such an innovative method required special tools capable of exploring not only the symptoms, as had been done previously, but the pathological process per se: therefore, Kreapelin created a systematic method to conduct psychiatric research and founded a Research Establishment divided into different sections (histopathology, topographic histology, serology, genealogy). Alois Alzheimer and Franz Nissl, among others, were closely associated with his work. Kreapelin's thought was not set, however, and by the end of his career it took a turn toward a more comprehensive type of

Organized Crime and National Security: The Albanian Case

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

8 December 2003. http://register.consilium.en.int/pdf/en/03/st 15895.en03.pdf Durkheim , Emile . Quoted in Lander and Lander “Deprivation as a...a state operating outside the law. Thus, Emile Durkeim notes that 4 The term traditional past is used as opposed to the communist past. In...and the fear or gullibility of large 7 Emilie Durkheim , quoted in Lander and Lander “Deprivation as a Cause of Delinquency:Economic or Moral

Reframing Suicide in the Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Army HP/RR/SP Report, 40. 8. DODSER Report CY 2009. 9. Emile Durkheim , Suicide: A Study in Sociology, George Simpson, ed, trans. John A. Spaulding...Scott 8 Parameters Theoretical Approaches to Suicide Durkheim on Suicide Suicide is simultaneously an individual and a social act. Many of us...sociolo- gist Emile Durkheim9 chose it as his subject matter in the latter years of the nineteenth century for that very reason.10 At the time, the field

The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

the pano- ply of magical powers that religious tradition has always assigned to it.”426 Thus, martyrdom is best seen as what Emile Durkheim once called...wherever they exist.428 As Durkheim described them, they are individuals who “are almost completely absorbed in the group”; who “completely [discard...hinterlands of Pakistan, and the desert landscape stretching across North 428Gould, “Suicide as a Weapon of Mass Destruction.” 429Emile Durkheim quoted

Institutions and Organizations: Exploring the Interdependencies of Legitimacy Theory and Strategic Communication in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-12

proposed that social reality is the material world as we see it. Emile Durkheim asserted that one must look from a historical viewpoint in order to...Everett C. Hughes, "The Impact of War on American Institutions," The American Journal of Sociology 48, no. 3 (Nov., 1942), 398. 22 Emile Durkheim as...reflects the routine way in which people do what they are supposed to do.ඁ Early sociologists such as Durkheim , Parsons, and Selznick embraced the

Emile Durkheim and altruistic suicide.

PubMed

Stack, Steven

2004-01-01

Altruistic suicides are marked by cultural approval and benefit the social order. They occur in social groups where there is a low value placed on the individual. The principle loci of altruistic suicide are primitive societies and the modern military. Subtypes of altruistic suicide (obligatory, optional, acute) are delineated and evaluated. Military suicide rates are seen as being inversely related to civilian suicide rates. Key limitations of Durkheim's model are discussed including his exaggerating the prevalence of obligatory suicide. Suggested points of departure for future research on altruistic suicide include comparative analyses of suicide in the modern military, and application of the concept of optional altruistic suicide to the impact of suicide acceptability on national suicide rates.

Societal Structures and the Origins of Authoritarianism: A General Argument with Reference to the Arab World

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

the type consecrated by success." Emile Durkheim , ]he ElePmetary Forms of the Religious Life. (New York: The Free Press, 1915), p. 50. 22 but in their...It was no longer a transcendent being, Forms or Ideas which provided that "single design," but 102See Emile Durkheim , The Division of Labor in...Sociological Thought. Vol. 1, p. 75 . 44 other factors such as the "moral" and "material" density of a given community as proposed by Durkheim ,102 is the

[Theodor Emil Kocher, modern surgery pioneer].

PubMed

Chigot, J P

2000-11-01

Theodore Kocher was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1909 for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland. He was the first Swiss citizen and the first surgeon to ever receive such a distinction. He was a pioneer and a world leader in the surgical revolution of the end of the nineteenth century. After graduation in 1865, he traveled in Germany, England, France and Austria to observe the work of Langenbeck, Paget, Wells, Nelaton, Billroth.... In 1866, he returned to Bern and was appointed assistant in the surgical clinic of Lücke. In 1872 he applied for the succession of Lücke. After a lively debate, he was appointed by the Board of Regents against the recommendation of the faculty who wished to nominate a German surgeon, König. It proved to be a good choice, as, over a period of 45 years, Kocher developed a considerable activity in various fields of surgery leading to world-wide acclaim and renown. Kocher's most significant contribution to medicine concerned the thyroid gland. He considerably improved thyroid surgery. His anatomical knowledge, precise operating technic and respect of the aseptic principles defined by Lister, whom he had met in Glasgow, contributed to a reduction of mortality from 13% to 0.18%. He described postoperative hypothyroidism, which he called cachexia strumipriva and concluded that total thyroidectomy was not indicated in benign diseases. When he died, more than 7,000 thyroidectomies had been performed in his clinic. Kocher was also interested in orthopedics, abdominal and genitourinary surgery, surgical oncology, neurosurgery (Cushing conducted experimental research with him). He developed or modified many surgical instruments. He conducted a large number of experimental studies and published 249 articles and books.

Argument for a Durkheimian Theory of the Communicative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothenbuhler, Eric W.

1993-01-01

Advocates that communication scholars explore more deeply the work of Emile Durkheim. Explores Durkheim and communication studies, and Durkheimian contributions to communication theory, viewing every corner of social life as communicatively founded. (SR)

The Voice of Conscience in Rousseau's Emile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kodelja, Zdenko

2015-01-01

According to Rousseau, conscience and conscience alone can elevate human beings to a level above that of animals. It is conscience, understood as infallible judge of good and bad, which makes man like God. Conscience itself is, in this context, understood as divine, as an "immortal and celestial voice". Therefore, if the voice of…

76 FR 14064 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... pueblo of about 31 rooms with additional stone alignments. Based on the ceramic assemblage, the site is... direction of Emil Haury. In 1950, the Gila Pueblo Foundation closed and the collections were transferred to...

Determined Initial lead for South Of Isua (SOI) terrain suggests a single homogeneous source for it and possibly other archaean rocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tera, F.

2011-12-01

A Thorogenic-Uranogenic Lead Isotope Plane (TULIP), which entails plotting 206/208 (or its reverse) vs 207/208 (or its reverse), was applied to the Pb data on South of Isua (SOI) by Kamber et al., (1). When the data on 20 samples of these rocks and feldspars are plotted in pairs (each pair is a rock and its feldspar) on TULIP, they fall on 10 mixing lines that converge on a single spot (Fig. 1). This is the end member initial lead (EMIL). The 206/208 & 207/208 so determined are 0.3675 and 0.43525, respectively. From these values one calculates 207/206 = 1.1843 ± 0.0007, for EMIL. This pattern requires either: A) each pair has a singular kappa, K = 232Th/238U, different from others, or B) a pair's in situ decay Pb was homogenized in recent times. On 204/206 vs 207/206 diagram, the whole rocks of SOI define a 3.776 Ga isochron (2). From this and EMIL's 207/206, one obtains: 206/204 = 10.977, 207/204 = 12.974; and 208/204 = 29.756. This singularity of initial Pb contrasts with a deduced variability by the original authors (1). EMIL's radiogenic *(207/206) = 1.6220, gives a single-stage age = 5.9 Ga, indicating inapplicability of its evolution in one stage. Also, the μ calculated from 238U-206Pb for the single stage is different from that inferred from 235U-207Pb, confirming disqualification of this scenario. Reconciliation of the two decay schemes necessitates assumption of EMIL evolution in a minimum of two stages. Starting at 4.563 Ga, five scenarios were assumed: First stage ends and second starts at 4.55, 4.54, 4.53, 4.52 or 4.51 Ga. Second stages end at 3.776 Ga. The calculated μ1 for the first stage are 106, 59.5, 44.6, 36.3 and 30.9 respectively. For μ2 the change is limited, from 5.45 to 5.28. Only an average calculated K for both stages is possible. For the five outlined scenarios it ranges from 1.118 to 1.111. Earlier, Tera (3) observed that initial Pb of the oldest terrestrial reservoir requires evolution in two stages. There too μ1 >> μ2. Data on

A Great Teacher-Maurois Remembered Alain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baslaw, Annette S.

1972-01-01

This article deals with the fame and philosophies of a great" teacher, Emile-Auguste Chartier, better known as Alain. The author includes quotes from Andre Maurois which reflect the regard that is felt for Alain. (MS)

Indoctrination Is Not a Four-Letter Word.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilcox, Ray T.

1988-01-01

Discusses four levels on an indoctrination continuum: the values clarification approach, Emile Durkheim's approach, Lawrence Kohlberg's approach, and the revolutionist's position. Argues that moral education is not extreme indoctrination and that the milder forms of indoctrination are necessary in education. (MM)

The International Dimension of the Debate on the Nature of the Educational Sciences: A Comparative Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Debeauvais, Michel

1989-01-01

Offers clarification on the current debate about educational research pertaining to the issues of terminology, epistemology, and the societal and institutional issues at stake. Discusses globalwide institutional research trends as related to the theories of Emile Durkheim and Alfred Binet. (NL)

Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, Number 1594

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-10-10

Dumitrescu-Iasi and C. Radulescu-Motru), completing his doctoral studies under the guidance of E. Durkheim at the Sorbonne. His doctoral thesis, "Du role...philosopher Emile Boutroux, Draghicescu especially concentrated upon the problems regarding Transylvania, giving the appropriate attention to all the

The Social Facting of Education: Durkheim's Legacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Varenne, Herve

1995-01-01

Attempts a reevaluation of Emile Durkheim's contributions to the sociology of education. Considers Durkheim's influence on the pedagogical theories of John Dewey and vice-versa. Concludes with an examination of Durkheim's theories as they relate to the conflict between resistance and socialization. (MJP)

"Where is Everybody?" An Account of Fermi's Question

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Jones, E. M.

1985-03-01

Enrico Fermi's famous question, now central to debates about the prevalence of extraterrestrial civilizations, arose during a luncheon conversation with Emil Konopinski, Edward Teller, and Herbert York in the summer of 1950. Fermi's companions on that day have provided accounts of the incident.

Sally Ride Tribute

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-05-20

The Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras performs "Clair du Lune" with Guest Conductor Emil de Cou during the National Tribute to Sally Ride at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Monday, May 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The Modern Religious Language of Education: Rousseau's "Emile"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osterwalder, Fritz

2012-01-01

The Republican education, its concepts, theories, and form of discourse belong to the shared European heritage of the pre-modern Age. The pedagogy of humanism and its effects on the early Modern Age are represented by Republicanism. Even if Republicanism found a political continuation in liberalism and democratism of the Modern Age, the same…

Preventing Terrorist Bombings on United States Subway Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

underlying altruistic motivations. Over 100 years ago, Emile Durkheim defined the phenomenon of suicide as comprising four categories: altruistic, egoistic...family and friends’ lot in life in an altruistic suicide as previously described by Durkheim . Suicide terrorism grows out of a necessity based on

PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON SEASONAL DYNAMICS IN A SUBTROPICAL ESTUARY: IMPORTANCE OF CYANOBACTERIA

EPA Science Inventory

Murrell, Michael C. and Emile M. Lores. 2004. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Seasonal Dynamics in a Subtropical Estuary: Importance of Cyanobacteria. J. Plankton Res. 26(3):371-382. (ERL,GB 1190).

A seasonal study of phytoplankton and zooplankton was conducted from 1999-20...

Freud, Weber, Durkheim: A Philosophical Foundation for Writing in the Humanities and Social Sciences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LeFevre, Karen B.; Larkin, T. J.

1983-01-01

Proposes a continuum of lines of inquiry applicable to many of the human sciences. Illustrates the continuum by discussing the approaches of Sigmund Freud, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim. Suggests uses of the continuum as an aid to invention and as a method of analysis. (RAE)

An Analysis of Professional Military Ethics: Their Importance, Development and Inculcation

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-06-19

Profession of Arms," Air University Review, May-June 1964. Department of Defense Pamphlet 600-2. The Armed Forces Officer, December 1960. Durkheim ... Emil . Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1958. Feld, M. D. "Professionalism, Nationalism and the Alienation of the

Engineering Complex Human-Technological Work Systems: A Sensemaking Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

1800s and later developed by Emile Durkheim in the early 1900s, social constructivism argues that meaning and truth are established by each...Whitehead Russell Hegel Durkheim Sapir Whorf Kelly Lakoff Johnson Varela Manturana Popper SLIDE 5 Two Views of Data-Information-Knowledge DATA DATA

The Unit Manning System Family Health Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-01

American Public Health Association, Los Angeles, CA. Durkheim , Emile . (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology. trans. J. A. Spaulding and G. Simpson. New York...originate in social interaction, while Durkheim (1951) proposed that belonging to a socially cohesive group promotes a sense of certainty and purpose in

Suicide among Veterans: Research, Models and Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

avoidance and numbing with anomy, the utter lack of values and norms as described by the famous sociologist Emile Durkheim . Durkheim (1960) has introduced...pp. 535-543. Durkheim , E. (1897): Le suicide. Paris. Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R. (1995): Attempted suicide among Vietnam veterans: a model of

Labor Market Characteristics and the Labor Force Participation of Individuals,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

Bass, 1970, pp. 38-47. Durkheim , Emile , Les Regles del la Methode Sociologieque, Paris, F. Alcan, 1895. Fuguitt, Glenn and Stanley Lieberson...and conditioned by the cultural (e.g., Durkheim , 1895) or material (e.g., Marx and Engels, 1922) conditions of the collectivities in which people live

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinneen, Francis P.

1990-01-01

A discussion of the work of Ferdinand de Saussure focuses on the influence of Emile Durkheim, particularly his study of suicide; language as state or process; the influence of William Dwight Whitney; the goals of linguistics; the state of language; the linguistic sign; and linguistic value. (CB)

The Ritualization of Family Ties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheal, David

1988-01-01

Examines three theories of family ritual derived from Emile Durkheim's sociology of social order: the structural-functional theory, constructionist theory, and mobilization theory. Concludes that rituals maintain traditional family structures, yet are creative in that they may define new forms of relationships and support emerging possibilities…

Who Won the Debate in Women Education? Rousseau or Wollstonecraft?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owusu-Gyamfi, Clifford

2016-01-01

Curriculum framework in the education of children became debatable during the enlightenment. Jean-Jacque Rousseau's treatise, "Emile," outlined an educational curriculum based on natural rights. Rousseau thought education should be based on espousing and exploring the natural abilities of a person. Therefore, since women have a natural…

Assumptions and Grand Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Germany; The Continuity of Change,” in National Security Cultures: Patterns of Global Governance, ed. Emil Kirchner and James Sperling (London...Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy (October 2010), 10. 25. Carl von Clausewitz, On War, edited and translated by Michael E

"No Wonder They Are Sick, and Die of Study": European Fears for the Scholarly Body and Health in New England Schools before Horace Mann

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noel, Rebecca

2018-01-01

European physicians long worried that the scholarly life was harmful to health. Neurological and digestive problems flowed from sedentary, seated lives. In the late eighteenth century, when the Enlightenment began spreading education to more people, educators inspired by Rousseau's "Emile" such as Johann Guts Muths, Friedrich Jahn,…

Pyramids, Balloons, and Squishy Spheres: The Dynamic Context of Military Grade Creep. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-20

altering its configuration. The great sociologists Max Weber, Emile Durkheim , and Talcott Parsons elaborated on Galilio’s proposition: "... as...determi- nation"); from the sense of "anomie" of which Durkheim , Mayo, and others have written with such telling effect, to the life values which

The Functionalist Tradition and Communication Theory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burrowes, Carl Patrick

This paper traces the development of the functionalist position chronologically through its major permutations, from the defining contributions of Emile Durkheim, Bronislaw Malinowski, and A. R. Radcliffe-Brown in its anthropological phase through its development in American sociology by Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton to its explicit…

Extra-Required Service: A Radical Shift in Frontline Geriatric Caregiving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Egerton

2011-01-01

Much research examines the professional nursing practices of traditional and modern caregivers, but it remains unclear whether the delivery of extra-required services is diminished as the caregiver moves from traditional to modern community. Building on the classical works of sociologists Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, this…

Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

Emil de Cou conducts the National Symphony Orchestra during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

A comme... (A as in...).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helouber, J. A.; And Others

1979-01-01

The four parts in this section present: (1) an advertisement based on the literary style of Emile Zola; (2) exercises designed to practice expressions of similarity and difference; (3) the transcript of a discussion on the problem of swamps; and (4) variations on the shopkeeper-customer dialogue. (AM)

Dalcroze-Based Improvisation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abramson, Robert M.

1980-01-01

Described is the Emile Jaques-Dalcroze method of improvisation, which he believed was the study of the direct relations between cerebral commands and muscular interpretations in order to express one's own musical feelings. Performance is propelled by developing the students' powers of sensation, imagination, and memory. (Author/KC)

Relativistic Absolutism in Moral Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vogt, W. Paul

1982-01-01

Discusses Emile Durkheim's "Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education," which holds that morally healthy societies may vary in culture and organization but must possess absolute rules of moral behavior. Compares this moral theory with current theory and practice of American educators. (MJL)

Selling Students on the Character of Liberal Arts: A Benefit of Worldview Awareness in Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newell, Ted

2012-01-01

Emile Durkheim, the sociologist and education professor, said that the personality developed by a form of literary study was contrary to genuinely Christian character. Provoked by this insight, the author explores whether a Christian university's reliance on classical liberal arts education might be working against its desires for the character of…

Arms Transfers: A System Dynamics Analysis Focusing on Regional Stability.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

tive manner fails. 48 The following illustrates a part of the nature and effects of change on individuals in society. Emile Durkheinm undertook a study...a system, and that not all societal groups are the same. Durkheim insisted that his theory of anowia must be interpreted frorr a contingency point of

Durkheim and Dewey and the Challenge of Contemporary Moral Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dill, Jeffrey S.

2007-01-01

John Dewey and Emile Durkheim are philosophical giants in the field of moral education. This paper compares and contrasts their respective visions for moral education and contextualizes the comparison in the profound intellectual and social changes modernity was casting throughout the world. They were transitional figures that attempted to make…

Computer Majors' Education as Moral Enterprise: A Durkheimian Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rigoni, David P.; Lamagdeleine, Donald R.

1998-01-01

Building on Durkheim's (Emile) emphasis on the moral dimensions of social reality and using it to explore contemporary computer education, contends that many of his claims are justified. Argues that the college computer department has created a set of images, maxims, and operating assumptions that frames its curriculum, courses, and student…

Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grauer, Kit, Ed.

1995-01-01

Art in context of community is the theme of this newsletter. The theme is introduced in an editorial "Community-Enlarging the Definition" (Kit Grauer). Related articles include: (1) "The Children's Bridge is not Destroyed: Heart in the Middle of the World" (Emil Robert Tanay); (2) "Making Bridges: The Sock Doll…

More than Mere Movement: Dalcroze Eurhythmics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mead, Virginia Hoge

1986-01-01

Since the early 1900s, the influence of Emile Jaques-Dalcroze has been felt worldwide in the field of music, as well as dance, theater, therapy, and education. To understand this influence, one needs to know something of his lifelong endeavors and dedication to improving the teaching of music. (RM)

A Sociological Critique of Individualism in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hargreaves, David H.

1980-01-01

The author argues that our educational system and our teachers are so obsessed with the "cult of individualism" that education's social functions have been trivialized. He espouses the views of Emile Durkheim, who saw the chief aim of schooling to be moral education that fosters pupils' collective and corporate experience. (Author/SJL)

Stability Operations and State-Building: Continuities and Contingencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

Solidarity.” See Emile Durkheim , The Division of Labor in Society, W. D. Halls, trans., New York: The Free Press, 1984. 9. For a full discussion of these...Organization, T. Parsons, ed., A. M. Henderson and T. Parsons, trans., New York: The Free Press, 1947. 8. What Durkheim referred to as “Organic

Adolescent Black Males' Drug Trafficking and Addiction: Three Theoretical Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Sharon E.

1995-01-01

Explains the incidence and nature of drug trafficking and chemical dependency among adolescent black males. The paper also discusses the social science theories of Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Molefi Asante to better understand the behaviors, and the consequences of those behaviors, of young black males who participate in drug trafficking. (GR)

Architects of the New Sorbonne: Liard's Purpose and Durkheims's Role.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Louis

1981-01-01

Reviews political, social, and educational influences which contributed to expansion of the Sorbonne (the University of Paris) from the late 1880s to the early 1900s, with attention to the roles of Louis Liard (dominant figure in French education) and Emile Durkheim (leading Sorbonne professor of sociology and advocate of proscientific attitudes…

Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

Emil de Cou, Conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra, talks to the audience during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The Autodidact in Defense of Himself: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Knut Hamsun.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buttry, Dolores

1980-01-01

Describes Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Knut Hamsun as self-educated men who never ceased to warn of the evils of formal education. Quoting from their works, considers their feelings toward education as revealed in Rousseau's "Emile," with its description of ideal education, and in the ill effects of education on Hamsun's characters. (AYC)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the Mechanised Clock and Children's Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shuffelton, Amy

2017-01-01

This article explores a perplexing line from Rousseau's Emile: his suggestion that the "most important rule" for the educator is "not to gain time but to lose it." An analysis of what Rousseau meant by this line, the article argues, shows that Rousseau provides the philosophical groundwork for a radical critique of the…

Movement and Music Education: An Historian's Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Barbara

1998-01-01

Believes that Emile Jaques-Dalcroze is not the only person who has affected movement-based instruction. Highlights the history of movement-based instruction in elementary music education by addressing the influence of Isadora Duncan and modern dance, the efforts of Francois Delsarte and Rudolph von Laban, and the role of remedial perceptual-motor…

Rousseau and the Fable: Rethinking the Fabulous Nature of Educational Philosophy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Tyson E.

2012-01-01

In this essay Tyson Lewis reevaluates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's assessment of the pedagogical value of fables in Emile's education using Giorgio Agamben's theory of poetic production and Thomas Keenan's theory of the inherent ambiguity of the fable. From this perspective, the "unreadable" nature of the fable that Rousseau exposed is not simply the…

Can You Hear Me Now? Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Listening Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laverty, Megan J.

2011-01-01

In this essay Megan J. Laverty argues that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's conception of humane communication and his proposal for teaching it have implications for our understanding of the role of listening in education. She develops this argument through a close reading of Rousseau's most substantial work on education, "Emile: Or, On Education". Laverty…

Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

Members of the National Symphony Orchestra, under Conductor Emil de Cou, perform during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Dalcroze, the Body, Movement and Musicality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seitz, Jay A.

2005-01-01

What forms the basis of musical expressivity? The Swiss composer and music educator, Emile Jaques-Dalcroze, believed that bodily processes, rhythm, and physical motion were the basis of musical expressivity and music pedagogy. We can rephrase his emphasis on the synergy between bodily and musical processes into a question: How does the body…

Giving the Spirit a National Form: From Rousseau's Advice to Poland to Habermas' Advice to the European Union

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korsgaard, Ove

2006-01-01

Rousseau's philosophy of education is contained not only in "Emile" (1762), but also in "The Government of Poland" (1772). In each of them he emphasises different aspects of education: How to be a human being? And: How to be a citizen? The main theme investigated by Rousseau in "The Government of Poland", is how a…

Snarks: Durkheim's Search for a Unifying Morality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockwood, John H.

This paper discusses the work of Emile Durkheim and his interest in developing a science of ethics that would enable the social sciences to guide social and political policy. One of his main policy interests was education, specifically the construction of moral values. Durkheim proposed a secular approach to morality and moral education. Moral…

Whole-School Management Issues Concerning the PE Department: "A Natural Division of Labour?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Gareth Mark; Williams, Dean

2013-01-01

Utilising the labour ideas of Adam Smith and Emile Durkheim as a theoretical basis, the main objective of this study was to investigate the perception that Heads of Physical Education (HoPE) face unique management and leadership challenges. Results showed that HoPE believe that they are overburdened with tasks primarily involving the delegation of…

Locke's Children? Rousseau and the Beans (Beings?) of the Colonial Learner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papastephanou, Marianna; Gregoriou, Zelia

2014-01-01

Rousseau's story about Emile having his first moral lesson in property rights by planting beans in a garden plot has educationally been discussed from various perspectives. What remains unexplored in such readings, however, is the connection of the theory of the natural learner with the Lockean rationalization of appropriation of land through…

On the Influence of Naturalism on American Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Xiaofen

2010-01-01

Naturalism was first proposed and formulated by French novelist Emile Zola, and it was introduced to America by American novelist Frank Norris. It is a new and harsher realism. It is a theory in literature emphasizing scientific observation of life without idealism or avoidance of the ugly. American literature naturalists dismissed the validity of…

Dewey's Participatory Educational Democracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Višnovský, Emil; Zolcer, Štefan

2016-01-01

In this essay, Emil Višnovský and Štefan Zolcer outline John Dewey's contribution to democratic theory as presented in his 1916 classic "Democracy and Education." The authors begin with a review of the general context of Dewey's conception of democracy, and then focus on particular democratic ideas and concepts as presented in…

Iconoclastic Images in the History of Education: Another Look at Children in Revolt in Two Children's Films from the 1930s

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dussel, Inés

2017-01-01

There are images in the history of education that can be considered iconic, images that are, as Georges Didi-Huberman says, "full of future". In this article, I want to consider two children's films from the 1930s, "Emil und die Detektive" (Gerhard Lamprecht, Germany, 1931) and "Zéro de conduite" (Jean Vigo, France,…

The Quest for Moral Order; Emile Durkheim on Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, H. L.

1974-01-01

Durkheim's treatment of the nature of morality and of moral education is examined. Three elements in his moral theory, namely the spirit of discipline, attachment to social groups, and autonomy or self-determination, are examined in turn and discussed. (Editor)

The Three R's of Moral Education: Emile Durkheim Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouas, M. Jean

1993-01-01

The 3 Rs approach to moral education translates Durkheim's elements of morality (discipline, group attachment, autonomy) into a framework for schools. School rules, reason, and role models should be implemented in an atmosphere of participatory democracy, respect, reflective thinking, cooperative learning, and parental support. (SK)

Historical review: Autointoxication and focal infection theories of dementia praecox.

PubMed

Noll, Richard

2004-04-01

The popularity of theories of autointoxication and focal infection in general medicine and dentistry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries led Emil Kraepelin and others to speculate that dementia praecox was caused by a poisoning of the brain from toxins produced in other parts of the body, notably the sex glands, the intestines and the mouth. Emil Kraepelin's commitment to the autointoxication theory is ignored in the literature on the history of psychiatry due to the focus of historians and clinicians on the major contributions of Kraepelin's methods of clinical psychopathology. Besides heredity, autointoxication and focal infection were the other most dominant theories of the organic aetiology of dementia praecox in the first three decades of its existence as a nosological entity in psychiatry. Rational treatments for dementia praecox that followed logically from these aetio-logical theories were colonic irrigations and major abdominal surgeries such as appendicostomies, colectomies and the removal of presumably infected ovaries, testes and other organs associated with reproduction. Autointoxication and focal infection theories disappeared from psychiatry by the mid-1930s.

Enacting cultural boundaries in French and German diphtheria serum research.

PubMed

Klöppel, Ulrike

2008-06-01

The experimental development of a therapeutic serum against diphtheria between 1891 and 1894 was characterized by a scientific competition that pitted Emil Behring from the Institute for Infectious Diseases in Berlin against Emile Roux and Elie Metschnikoff from the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In general, their competition can be regarded as an extension of the fundamental differences that separated the research schools of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. However, to characterize the competition for a diphtheria-serum as "national rivalry" fails to account adequately for the mutual adoption of experimental practices by the Berlin and Parisian protagonists, whose contributions to the development of a therapeutic serum were intertwined in complex ways. Nor can it be characterized as "cooperation," given their fierce public disputes over scientific concepts and the fact that these disputes also shaped the peculiarities of the experimental procedures in Berlin and Paris. A close analysis reveals a complex picture of the dynamic interaction between the conceptual and experimental activities of Behring, Roux, and Metschnikoff- interaction that defined as well as bridged the "French" and "Prussian" experimental systems of diphtheria-serum research.

Word Perfect: Literacy in the Computer Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuman, Myron C.

Elaborating on Emile Durkheim's claim that major debates about pedagogy are always an indicator of underlying social change, this book charts the enormous impact computers are having on how people read and write, how reading and writing are taught, and how literacy is defined. The larger concern of the book is how technology generally affects not…

Social Anomie and Racial Segregation in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huschka, Denis; Mau, Steffen

2006-01-01

The concept of anomie is one of the classics of sociological theory. Developed by scholars such as Emile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton, the concept refers to the absence of clear social norms and values and to a lack of sense of social regulation. However, whereas Merton focused on features of relative deprivation that cause anomie, Durkheim was…

The Primacy of Pity: Reconceiving Ethical Experience and Education in Rousseau

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bojesen, Emile

2016-01-01

For Rousseau, there are only three things he does not reason away apart from reason itself: self-interest, the good and, at least until Emile, pity. This paper argues that it is Rousseau's original formulation of pity in the Second Discourse that is able to provide the extra-rational conception of ethics that his political and educational…

From 1937 to 1959 : Elaboration of the Thellier and Thellier’s paleointensity method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallet, Y.; Le Goff, M.

2009-12-01

Between 1937 and 1959, Emile and Odette Thellier published a series of articles in French dealing with the determination of ancient geomagnetic field intensity data from baked archeological material. We will present the history of this research, which culminated in 1959 in the publication of the well-known and still highly cited Thellier and Thellier’s paleointensity method.

ATS Information Exchange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breyer, Walter H.

Questions answered on: telescope maker Emile Schaer by Christof Plicht, Peter Abrahams and Robert B. Ariail; the firm of Gall and Lembke, NY by Bart Fried; Bonn Double Refractor (Repsold factory, Steinheil optics) by Michael Geffert; Foucault Eyepiece by Eugene Rudd; Ross Evans spyglass by R.C. Blankenhorn; and a Moralee nautical spyglass by Willem M. Bruyns

The Book of Dene.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Northwest Territories Dept. of Education, Yellowknife.

This book contains the traditional tales and beliefs of the Chippewa, Dogrib, Slavey, and Loucheux peoples. These histories and traditions were spoken to a priest named Emile Petitot (1838-1916) who wrote the words down in the Dene language. This edition was translated from the French and compared with versions in the original tongues by the…

Moving to alternative refrigerants. Ten case histories. Comfort coolers, industrial process, and commercial refrigeration. Stratospheric ozone protection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-11-01

Table of Contents: Case Histories: Comfort Coolers; Coventry Management Systems - Texaco Heritage Plaza; New York Life Insurance Company; and Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Case Histories: Industrial Process: Eastman Chemical Company; and DuPont. Case Histories: Commercial Refrigeration: Market Basket Supermarkets; Jitney Jungle Stores of America; Furr's Supermarkets; Emil Villa's Hick'ry Pit Restaurants; and Wawa Convenience Stores.

Sano, kuracado, higieno (health, medicine, hygiene): ophthalmologists and Esperanto.

PubMed

Ohry, Avi

2014-01-01

Historically, some ophthalmologists were closely associated with the constructed language Esperanto. These include the founder of the language Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof (1859-1917), his son Leon, Max Talmud (1869-1941), Kazimierz Bein (1872-1959), and Louis Emile Javal (1839-1907).This paper considers the role of these ophtalmologists who attempted to create international languages, whether oral, written or musical.

"Hopelessly Insane, Some Almost Maniacs": New York City's War on "Unfit" Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chmielewski, Kristen

2018-01-01

This article explores how Dr. Emil Altman and the New York City Board of Education manipulated prevailing narratives of disability in a crusade to rid their city school system of "unfit" teachers during the late 1920s through to the early 1940s. Capitalising on fears of disability related to ideas about efficiency and eugenics, Altman…

National Symphony Orchestra Concert

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-04

National Symphony Orchestra Conductor Emil de Cou leads the National Symphony Orchestra during the Labor Day Weekend concert on the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol, Sunday, September 5, 2010 in Washington. NASA Administrator Charles Bolden joined the Orchestra to introduce one the program's segments, music from the film "Apollo 13". Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Air and Space Museum Apollo 40th Celebration

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-19

National Symphony Orchestra Conductor Emil de Cou, left, presents a ceremonial baton to retired NASA Flight Director and manager Gene Kranz at the Apollo 40th anniversary celebration held at the National Air and Space Museum, Monday, July 20, 2009 in Washington. Kranz was a guest conductor the night before at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

National Symphony Orchestra Conductor Emil de Cou, left, meets with Gene Kranz, retired NASA Flight Director and manager, back stage after the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The Sacred and the Profane in American History Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, Tony

2007-01-01

The question of why students think there are two kinds of American history taught--one in the K-12 system and one in the university system--can be examined critically using Emile Durkheim's (1973) description of the sacred and the profane. The history taught in K-12 classrooms often focuses on idealized accounts of the past that protect the status…

On Rank and Nullity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobbs, David E.

2012-01-01

This note explains how Emil Artin's proof that row rank equals column rank for a matrix with entries in a field leads naturally to the formula for the nullity of a matrix and also to an algorithm for solving any system of linear equations in any number of variables. This material could be used in any course on matrix theory or linear algebra.

A Theory of Special Operations: The Origin, Qualities, and Use of SOF

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm. — George Orwell Special Operations Forces (SOF) are small...induced by the gunpowder revolution and the industrial revolution , did not render all previous understandings of war irrelevant. They revolutionized ...for Counter-Terrorism Studies, The Fletcher School, Tufts University and JSOU Senior Fellow George Emile Irani Ph.D., International Relations

Suicide In the U.S. Federal Prison System

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-05-01

Emile Durkhiem was one of the first social scientists to propose reasons for the differences in the frequency of suicide among different populations. He...persons belonging to a particular group experience the same basic levels of social integration and social regulation, Durkheim proposed that rates of...Suicide, Durkheim and Sociology. In D.Lester (Ed) Current concepts of suicide, Philadelphia, PA., The Charles Press Thomas, C. & Greenstreet

[Some aspects of suicide in the years 1980-1996].

PubMed

Chodorowski, Zygmunt; Ciechanowicz, Robert; Anand, Jacek Sein

2009-01-01

The reduction of suicide death index in 1981 year and 1989 year, that is in the period of temporary and definitive "Solidarity" victory confirms Emile Durkheim theory that revolution processes increase social integration and prevent suicide decisions. In the years 1991-1994 the number of suicide deaths in Poland was distinctly lower than in other countries of the Soviet Block and republics of the Soviet Union.

What Are We Really Afraid Of? The Practitioner View of the Terrorist Threat in the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

theories that provide explanations for the creation of almost all motivated terrorists- anomie and strain. Consider the foundations of Emile ...Durkheim’s classic theory. Durkheim called the uniformity found in a mechanical (modern) society the collective conscience. To the extent that a society...ostracism and later criminal sanctions drive these groups to desperate measures. Durkheim argued, "society cannot be formed without our being

Suicide in the U.S. Federal Prison System

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-05-01

proposed by Durkhiem. During the late 1800s, Emile Durkhiem was one of the first social scientists to propose reasons for the differences in the frequency...regulation, Durkheim proposed that rates of suicide within the same group or society would likewise exhibit predictable characteristics (Taylor, 1990...St.Louis: Mosby. Taylor, S., (1990). Suicide, Durkheim and Sociology. In D.Lester (Ed) Current concepts of suicide, Philadelphia, PA., The

Identifying mutant pathways in the histiocytoses.

PubMed

Prince, H Miles

2014-11-06

In this issue of Blood, the findings of Chakraborty et al and Emile et al support a model in which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT pathways are critical in the pathogenesis of 2 of the most common histiocytoses—Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD)—whereas their respective mutational profiles demonstrate important similarities and differences.

[Emile Espérandieu and the stamps of Roman ophthalmologists].

PubMed

Altit-Morvillez, Marianne

2015-01-01

Major Émile Espérandieu, the famous author of the Recueil des bas-reliefs de la Gaule, also compiled the Recueil des cachets d'oculistes romains, a very useful corpus for the history of ancient ophtalmology. He was a striking example of the social and intellectual situation of a scholar out of the University, and of the morbid emulation between French scholarship and that of other European countries in the field of ancient epigraphy.

Kennedy Center Salute To Apollo

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-17

Conductor Emil de Cou and The U.S. Army Chorus and Alumni sing while Gene Kranz, retired NASA Flight Director and manager, acts as guest conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra, during the "Salute to Apollo" ceremony at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Saturday, July 18, 2009 in Washington. The event was part of NASA's week long celebration of the Apollo 40th Anniversary. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Criminals, Militias, and Insurgents: Organized Crime in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

toppling of the regime, Iraq was also characterized by anomie. The concept of anomie, developed in the work of Emile 39 Durkheim and subsequently...behavior unconstrained by standard notions of what is acceptable. For Durkheim , this typically resulted from a crisis or transition in society in...concept of anomie, see The Durkheim and Merton Page at Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom, available at www.mdx. ac.uk/WWW/STUDY

From Classroom to Wardroom: Internalizing, Integrating and Reinforcing Leadership and Management, Education and Training (LMET) Skills in the Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

8217 by business concerns. Every handicraft, all human dealings, are constantly in that danger. (Heidegger, 1954) Emile Durkheim addressed the problem... Durkheim , 1893) Weber, in his controversial study, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalization, also noted this "multiplicity of perspectives and...196n....... • Durkheim , E., The Division of Labor in Society, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1933. Eddy, W.B., "From Training to Organization Change

A critique of Theory Z.

PubMed

Sullivan, J J

1983-01-01

Ouchi's Theory Z prescribes how employees should be motivated for increased productivity. Based on the theoretical work of Emile Durkheim, it views the modern large corporation as a communal alternative to the shortcomings of other institutions in industrial mass society. Ouchi's assertion that Japan is the industrial society in which Theory Z has flourished received limited support from research findings. Moreover, Ouchi's grounding of the theory in humanistic management seem unwarranted.

Mediated Military Leadership: A Narrative Analysis of Military Leadership Training Material

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

that Washington became a living symbol of the Revolution.(11) Schwartz notes that sociologist Emil Durkheim once observed that "We see society...constantly creating sacred things out of ordinary ones." Durkheim added that if society finds a person who represents its "principle aspirations... this man...These archetypes were created to symbolize important cultural values. As such, the ideograph of leadership was created to describe what Durkheim

The Relationship between Spiritual Awareness and Recovery from Alcholism

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

alcoholism. 23 Sociological models. The theories of Emile Durkheim (1951) have been applied to the study of alcoholism by Roman (1982). By re-working...in the classical works of Durkheim (1915) and Weber (1930). In addition, Carl Jung ( 1933, 1968, 1969, 1984) , after making his own cross cultural...will explain its fundamental aspects in the next section of this paper. Despite this early emphasis by James, Durkheim , Weber and Jung, spirituality

Fear of Crime Among Military Personnel in Different Residential Settings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

individual responses to it. French sociologist, Emile Durkheim , and J. E. Conklin have two opposing views about the relationship. Durkheim states that...important theories is the Durkheim and Conklin conflict over the effect of crime and fear on a comunity. There are many theories that have surfaced with...the informal social control exercised in part 29 through crime prevention by the collectivity. Durkheim , therefore, views the potttive effects of

Trade Associations and Their Environment from an Efficiency Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

E. 1933. The Division of Labor in Society. G. Simpson, trans. New York: Free Press. Giddens, A. 1978. Emile Durkheim . New Yiork: Penguin Books...clan implicitly regulates social relations through social integration, or what Durkheim (1933) referred to as organic solidarity. Whereas contractual...the governance mechanism of the clan is operating and trade associations can eff&iently have an impact on legislation. This is what Durkheim would refer

French descriptions of Wundt's laboratory in Leipzig in 1886.

PubMed

Nicolas, Serge; Gyselinck, Valérie; Murray, David J; Bandomir, Christina A

2002-08-01

Translations are provided of extracts from reports by the French-speaking scholars Alfred Grafé and Emile Durkheim concerning the instructional procedures in place at Wundt's Institute for Experimental Psychology in Leipzig in the summer of 1886. It is stressed that reports such as theirs were of importance, not only to researchers, but also to teachers and administrators concerned with how the new experimental psychology should be taught, especially with respect to practical classes.

Religious Desecration and Ethnic Violence

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

implicit in the social order and the importance and overriding significance these had on the individual’s life. Emile Durkheim was one of the...eminent social thinkers to elaborate on the concept of religion and its connection with the sacred. Durkheim stated that religion was the cement of...beliefs. This echoes Durkheim , “Since the idea of the sacred is always and everywhere separated from the idea of the profane in the thought of men

Small Group Dynamics in the Evolution of Global Network Terrorism: A Comprehensive, People-Based Approach. Part A: Select Publications

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-07

uncontroversial that people can rank sacred values, and if sacred values can be ordered relative to each other they cannot be of infinite value. Emile ... Durkheim notes that a significant feature of religion is that it constitutes a system of beliefs and rites where "sacred tilings have relations of...coordination and subordination to one another" ( Durkheim . 1912/ 1995, p. 38). Indeed, in our own studies of religious and politically active samples of

30TH Annual Conference of the Military Testing Association Held in Arlington, Virginia on 27 November-2 December 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-02

S95-S120. Goldman, Alvin I. 197G. A Theorv of Human Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Jones, Robe’ct Alun 1986. " Durkheim , Frazer, and...34) (I . 4 , 1r f emil (’ i. ( 1&.7’ r,, Ftni:i in, 4 04 (4 .T i aIre black , 74 (1.’l? ) ; r,, Ilispaini , I i,: ( . I1 Ve 0 thl ,r minor i t i.s an

Hamlet and psychiatry intertwined.

PubMed

Rotstein, Sarah

2018-05-01

This article considers selected landmarks in the history of psychiatry and their impact on Hamlet productions, including Burton's Anatomy of Melancholia, Emil Kraepelin's manic-depression, Freud's oedipal complex and R.D. Laing's 'divided self'. Additionally, this article considers the way Shakespeare's Hamlet has influenced the course of psychiatry. The linkages between psychiatry and Hamlet have existed since the 17th century, and perhaps Shakespeare's Hamlet should have a place on every psychiatrist's shelf.

The Concept of Comprehensive Security: A Distinctive Feature of a Shared Security Culture in Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

Sicherheitsbegriff, ed. Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik (Hamburg: Mittler, 2001), 18. 92. Emil Kirchner and James Sperling , “The New Security Threats in...im 21. Jahrhundert - Keine allein militärische Aufgabe. Rede von Heidi Wegener, MdB, am 23.03.2006 im Marshall Center. www.marshallcenter.org/site...Wenger (Zürich: Forschungsstelle für Sicherheitspolitik, 2005), 11 217. Kurt R. Spillmann, " Von der bewaffneten Neutralität zur kooperativen

Tribute to Emil Wolf: Science and Engineering Legacy of Physical Optics

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-23

K̂jm(x1, x2)σ̂= 0̂, where jkl is a Levi - Civita -unit antisymmetric tensor and x denotes spatial and temporal variables. From these equations of...6.2 Microscopic Origin of Source Correlations / 143 6.3 Source Correlation-Induced Two -Photon Resonance / 145 6.4 Spatial Coherence and Emission in...University, and the organizer of the two previous SPIE Conferences—also tributes to pioneers in optics (AdolphW. Lohmann; Yuri N. Denisyuk and Emmett N

Deconstructing Delphinium: Violence and Flowers in Rousseau's "Emile" and Henke's "Chrysanthemum"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinard, Timothy

2012-01-01

This article is an attempt to contribute to the conversation about "go[ing] beyond all kinds of binary thinking" (Lenz Taguchi, "Going beyond the theory/practice divide in early childhood education: introducing an intra-active pedagogy," 2010, p. 50), especially the binary which positions "adults" and "children" as being powerful and powerless,…

Is Emile in the Garden of Eden? Western Ideologies of Nature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tulloch, Lynley

2015-01-01

This paper will explore ideologies of nature including the "Garden of Eden" and "wildernesses." It locates these ideologies as morphing to accommodate the later trajectory of the Enlightenment Project and its endorsement of modern Western scientific and technological principles. Beginning with the premise that nature is…

Cohesion: Exploring the Myths and Opening the Veil

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-24

connections among members of the collectivity.”24 Adding to these two components first identified by Durkheim ,25 values also play a fundamental...from http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/soc_con17.pdf; Internet; accessed 5 November 2006 8 Bollen and Hoyle, 481, and Friedkin, 411. 9 Emile ... Durkheim , The Division of Labor in Society, trans. W.D. Halls (New York: The Free Press, [1893]; 1984), 24; quoted in Moody and White, 1. 10 For more

Durkheim, social integration and suicide rates.

PubMed

Alaszewski, A; Manthorpe, J

This second paper of six on the application of sociology in health care considers the work of Emile Durkheim. He was concerned with the production of social order through relationships and shared values. Durkheim conceived social phenomena as 'social facts' which could be studied, and his treatment of suicide as a case study of social fact is discussed here. His work on the processes of social cohesion has influenced the work of sociologists up to the present day.

Suicide research before Durkheim.

PubMed

Goldney, Robert D; Schioldann, Johan A; Dunn, Kirsten I

2008-01-01

The casual reader could be forgiven for assuming that there had been little systematic research on suicide before the work of the French sociologist, Emile Durkheim, published in 1897. This historical review demonstrates that there had been extensive studies in the preceding centuries, addressing not only the importance of social factors, but also those factors which are now subsumed in the medical model. In fact, some earlier reviews can now be seen as more balanced and comprehensive than that of Durkheim. In the twentieth century. the predominant focus of suicide research was on the importance of psychosocial factors, a focus which was undoubtedly a legacy of the influential work of Durkheim. Indeed, in 1971 Alvin Alvarez stated that the study of suicide had become the subject of intensive scientific research. The change began in 1897 with the publication of Emile Durkheim's classic Suicide: A Study in Sociology, and more recently Alexander Murray noted that, if the study of suicide had its own era it would divide into two ages, before and after that book ... Le Suicide ... which, more than any other, established its subject as a specialization. Therefore it is not unexpected that many believe that there had not been any substantial suicide research before Durkheim, let alone any which had addressed illness and biological factors and their inter-relationship with society.

Consideration of black carbon and primary organic carbon emissions in life-cycle analysis of Greenhouse gas emissions of vehicle systems and fuels.

PubMed

Cai, Hao; Wang, Michael Q

2014-10-21

The climate impact assessment of vehicle/fuel systems may be incomplete without considering short-lived climate forcers of black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (POC). We quantified life-cycle BC and POC emissions of a large variety of vehicle/fuel systems with an expanded Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation model developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Life-cycle BC and POC emissions have small impacts on life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of gasoline, diesel, and other fuel vehicles, but would add 34, 16, and 16 g CO2 equivalent (CO2e)/mile, or 125, 56, and 56 g CO2e/mile with the 100 or 20 year Global Warming Potentials of BC and POC emissions, respectively, for vehicles fueled with corn stover-, willow tree-, and Brazilian sugarcane-derived ethanol, mostly due to BC- and POC-intensive biomass-fired boilers in cellulosic and sugarcane ethanol plants for steam and electricity production, biomass open burning in sugarcane fields, and diesel-powered agricultural equipment for biomass feedstock production/harvest. As a result, life-cycle GHG emission reduction potentials of these ethanol types, though still significant, are reduced from those without considering BC and POC emissions. These findings, together with a newly expanded GREET version, help quantify the previously unknown impacts of BC and POC emissions on life-cycle GHG emissions of U.S. vehicle/fuel systems.

A comparative approach to the French medical missions in Brazil and in sub-Saharan Africa before the Second World War.

PubMed

Pays, J F; Saliou, P

2005-12-01

Franco-Brazilian cooperation in the field of microbiology and tropical diseases dates back to the onset of those disciplines. Physicians were sent over by France, namely Marchoux, Simond and Salimbeni from 1901 to 1905 to study yellow fever, and Emile Brumpt from 1913 to 1914 to teach parasitology. These missions brought in some important results. After confirming that the yellow fever agent was a filterable virus and that Stegomya (Aedes) its only vector, Simond and Marchoux clarified the biology of the mosquito and showed that sexual transmission of the virus could occur. They also set up different measures for the control of yellow fever outbreaks which Oswaldo Cruz was inspired by for his campaign against yellow fever. Emile Brumpt implemented the teaching of parasitology at the Faculty of Medicine in São Paulo and contributed to human American trypanosomiasis by defining the transmission of the disease and the cycle of the parasite responsible for it. He also developed the technique known as xenodiagnosis. Simond and Marchoux's works on yellow fever found an immediate application in French colonies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the fight against large African endemics such as sleeping sickness, the other human trypanosomiases, could not have been carried out successfully without the contribution of mobile teams following Eugène Jamot's initiative in addition to the permanent centres which characterized the French colonial system.

Nanotechnology-Enabled Optical Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Jacobus J M van Der Hoeven, Elsken van Der Wall, Petra van Der Groep, Paul J van Diest, Emile F I Comans, Urvi Joshi, et al. 2002. “Biologic...Leigh G Seamon, William B Farrar, and Edward W Martin . 2008. “Novel perioperative imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT and intraoperative 18F-FDG detection...www.springerlink.com/content/n752170246r84660/. Hall, Nathan C, Stephen P Povoski, Douglas A Murrey, Michael V Knopp, and Edward W Martin . 2007. “Combined

The nature of crime : Is cheating necessary for cooperation?

PubMed

Machalek, R; Cohen, L E

1991-09-01

The classical social theorist Emile Durkheim proposed the counterintuitive thesis that crime is beneficial for society because it provokes punishment, which enhances social solidarity. His logic, however, is blemished by a reified view of society that leads to group-selectionist thinking and a teleological account of the causes of crime. Reconceptualization of the relationship between crime and punishment in terms of evolutionary game theory, however, suggests that crime (cheating) may confer benefits on cooperating individuals by promoting stability in their patterns of cooperation.

Paetus, it does not hurt: altruistic suicide in the Greco-Roman world.

PubMed

van Hooff, Anton

2004-01-01

Emile Durkheim, a student of classical education, studied altruistic suicide through an exploration of ancient culture. He associated the concept to civilizations in which people have not reached a sufficient degree of individuation and held that the Greek and Roman civilizations had already developed and were not strongly integrated, a precondition for frequent altruistic suicide. Yet, studies of Greeks and Romans show ample examples. Loyalty and devotion appear to be especially powerful motives. It is concluded that altruistic suicide had its place inside the Greco-Roman world.

[Space for the new. Archive - library - study center].

PubMed

Weber, Danny

2014-01-01

This article features a short outline of both the architectural history and the inventories of Leopoldina's archive and library. Moreover, the article presents the construction plans that will--when implemented in the near future--generate and provide outstanding working facilities in the form of a building ensemble consisting of an archive, library and study center. The future infrastructure of these Leopoldina buildings, located in the area of Emil-Abderhalden-/August-Bebel-Strasse, will sustainably foster and support the establishment of research projects at the Leopoldina Study Center.

Photocopy of photograph (original print in collection of Gerald A. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original print in collection of Gerald A. Doyle, Phoenix) Photographer: Emil Eger, Yuma, 1983 AERIAL VIEW OF THE YUMA CROSSING LOOKING WEST. FROM BOTTOM TO TOP OF THE IMAGE ARE: 1924 SPRR BRIDGE, OCEAN-TO-OCEAN HIGHWAY BRIDGE, INTERSTATE HIGHWAY BRIDGE (THE LAST IS NOT REFERENCED IN THIS DOCUMENT). THE RIVER IS SEEN IN FLOOD STAGE, APPROXIMATING THE HISTORIC CONDITION BEFORE THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE UP-STREAM DAMS. - Yuma Crossing, Riverfront Area, between Prison Hill & Fourth Avenue, Yuma, Yuma County, AZ

The Origins and Adaptations of the Principles of War

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-06-06

from Josini’ s writings: 4 Gouvion de Saint Cyr, M6moires pour servir A l’histoire ailitaire, sous le Directoire, le Consulat, et l’Fmpire, Vol 1. As...18See Frederick II, Instruction pour les Sfntraux qui auront , commander des detachments, des siles, des secondes lignes et des aries prussiennes [(Berlin...principles. Emile, Mayer argued in La thdorie de la guerre et l’Otude de lPart militp’ire against the idea that while the methods of the military art vary

Being Bleuler: the second century of schizophrenia.

PubMed

Kaplan, Robert M

2008-10-01

The aim of this paper is to examine the background to the emblematic psychiatric term, schizophrenia, the historical, cultural and social factors affecting the two men who defined modern psychiatric practice, and anticipate what lies ahead in the next century. The term schizophrenia was created by Swiss psychiatrist Eugene Bleuler and first used on 24 April 1908. The condition was first described by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin and called dementia praecox. After a century, it is impossible to think of the practice of psychiatry without schizophrenia.

Rousseau's Imaginary Friend: Childhood, Play, and Suspicion of the Imagination in "Emile"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shuffelton, Amy B.

2012-01-01

In this essay Amy Shuffelton considers Jean-Jacques Rousseau's suspicion of imagination, which is, paradoxically, offered in the context of an imaginative construction of a child's upbringing. First, Shuffelton articulates Rousseau's reasons for opposing children's development of imagination and their engagement in the sort of imaginative play…

Reply [to Comment on “Tu Que?” by Emile A. Okal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Russell, C. T.

My proposal to limit the number of authors per paper in AGU journals to five had a very serious purpose. By limiting the number of authors, the status of each individual coauthor would be raised, and the sense of responsibility of each author would be heightened. By making coauthorship slightly more exclusive, the pressure on an author to a d d as a coauthor everyone with whom he had discussed his results prior to writing the paper would be reduced. Furthermore, the coauthors would feel a greater responsibility to assist the first author in preparing a suitable manuscript. This reviewer receives too many papers that are not quite ready for submittal but were submitted anyway. The coauthors would also gain more credit for their work because the reference list could include each coauthor's name rather than the “et al.” that is becoming all too standard now.

Storming a Citadel: Mathematical Theory and Experimental Practice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sichau, Christian

2006-09-01

Based upon a comparison of the viscosity experiments of James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879) and Oskar Emil Meyer (1834 1909) in the 1860s, I argue that mathematical theory plays a significant role in both aspects of experimental practice, the design and construction of an experimental apparatus and the transformation of the observed experimental data into the value of a physical quantity. I argue further that Maxwell’s and Meyer’s evaluation of each other’s theoretical and experimental work depended significantly on the mathematical tools they employed in their theories.

Nanotechnology-Enabled Optical Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Jacobus J M van Der Hoeven, Elsken van Der Wall, Petra van Der Groep, Paul J van Diest, Emile F I Comans, Urvi Joshi, et al. 2002. “Biologic correlates...William B Farrar, and Edward W Martin . 2008. “Novel perioperative imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT and intraoperative 18F-FDG detection using a handheld gamma...n752170246r84660/. Hall, Nathan C, Stephen P Povoski, Douglas A Murrey, Michael V Knopp, and Edward W Martin . 2007. “Combined approach of perioperative 18F-FDG PET

[Kraepelin's basic nosologic postulates. An attempt at a critical evaluation of the later works of Kraepelin].

PubMed

Hoff, P

1988-01-01

This study discusses three important papers by Emil Kraepelin, published between 1918 and 1920. Kraepelin supports--in accordance with his teacher Wilhelm Wundt--the view of psychophysical parallelism as a basic principle of dealing with the questions of mental illness. Kraepelin is often called a nosologist; but one must not forget that Kraepelins nosology was not a static one, nor did he vote in favor of any kind of dogmatism. Only when Kraepelin's basic positions are reflected in a differentiated way, his enormous influence on very different parts of psychiatry as science can be understood.

Foundation Report on Stonewall Jackson Dam, West Fork River Basin, Weston, West Virginia. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-21

zone , aid occasiOriIly , reremen-ta-t ioanr had a. cut r ed in the trocks adjicingr the fault. zone.- The -.ource_ o~f t h is waiter is app- arently ...hi Kibler- Project Eritnr---------------------------------------Emil Ito Men den ilIlla Partty CIhief...45) SIULGL - W, W - FUWTIM MllWNS 3 QM XWP To U" IU MMN MEN TiS M WMS MIW O STATID EV. OU ZME STIE IMMKi. M UM l O IwoD TIE FM l M M (ft) (ft) 4s) k4

The administrative stabilization of vaccines: Regulating the diphtheria antitoxin in France and Germany, 1894-1900.

PubMed

Hess, Volker

2008-06-01

It is well known that the development of a diphtheria anti-toxin serum evolved in a competitive race between two groups of researchers, one affiliated with Emil Behring in Berlin and Marburg, and another affiliated with Emile Roux in Paris. Proceeding on the basis of different theoretical assumptions and experimental practices, the two groups developed a therapeutic serum almost simultaneously. But the standardized substance they developed took on very different forms in the two countries. In Germany the new serum was marketed in the private sphere and subjected to state regulations, becoming a kind ofprototype of industrial medications. In France, however, the same substance was marketed as a gift of science to humanity and distributed through the communal health care system. This article demonstrates how a new medication emerged from the efforts to produce, market, regulate, distribute, and apply it in the two respective countries. It attributes the difference to the negotiations between the respective actors (scientists, industrialists, politicians, officers, and the public) and institutions (firms, academies, private and public institutes, legislative bodies, professional corporations). I develop this argument on three different levels: First, I stress the importance of the institutional foundations of serum production; second, I illustrate the decisive role played by existing "ways of regulating" in the rapid development of new legal statutes; and third, I describe the consequences that flowed from the respective administrative organization of marketing and dissemination. In sum, I explore how an experimental object was transformed into an object of the public health system and stabilized by administrative means.

Social institutions and psychological explanations: Druze reincarnation as a therapeutic resource.

PubMed

Littlewood, R

2001-06-01

For Emile Durkheim, to explain our social institutions through individual psychology was generally regarded as illegitimate. It has, however, often been assumed by psychologists and psychiatrists, particularly in the case of religious doctrine and institutions. However, the people actually concerned, our religious informants, might sometimes themselves volunteer interpretations which are psychologically functional for the origin and maintenance of certain cultural facts. This is particularly so when they are faced with a 'modern' worldview. The instance of the Druze belief in bodily reincarnation after death is considered in the context of the recent civil war in the Lebanon.

Are we Overdiagnosing Bipolar Disorder?

PubMed

Reddy, M S; Vijay, Starlin M; Reddy, Swetha

2017-01-01

Bipolar disorder (BD) is an established diagnostic entity used by clinicians for over a century. It is distinguished by the distinct manic and depressive episodes with interepisode euthymia. It has an illness course where both recovery and recurrences are a rule and has a good long-term prognosis, as reported earlier by Emil Kraeplin. There is an opinion in the current literature that BD is often underdiagnosed as unipolar depression, and based on that opinion, spectrum concept was introduced. Here, we present 5 cases to highlight that overdiagnosis of BD is also not infrequent and we discuss its reasons and therapeutic implications.

The Weather family's Hurricane Katrina saga: Leonard Weather Jr., MD of New Orleans. Interview by George Dawson.

PubMed Central

Weather, Leonard

2006-01-01

This interview of Leonard Weather Jr., MD was conducted so as to give our members and the medical community at large a version of what a New Orleans, LA physician of African-American descent experienced during Hurricane Katrina and its devastating aftermath. Emile Riley, MD, Meharry Medical School graduate, general surgeon, role model, and New Orleans Civic Leader who helped to blaze the trail for other local African-American physicians, died January 31, 2006 at the St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston, TX at the age of 71. He evacuated to Houston prior to Hurricane Katrina. PMID:16749655

The Weather family's Hurricane Katrina saga: Leonard Weather Jr., MD of New Orleans. Interview by George Dawson.

PubMed

Weather, Leonard

2006-05-01

This interview of Leonard Weather Jr., MD was conducted so as to give our members and the medical community at large a version of what a New Orleans, LA physician of African-American descent experienced during Hurricane Katrina and its devastating aftermath. Emile Riley, MD, Meharry Medical School graduate, general surgeon, role model, and New Orleans Civic Leader who helped to blaze the trail for other local African-American physicians, died January 31, 2006 at the St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston, TX at the age of 71. He evacuated to Houston prior to Hurricane Katrina.

Alzheimer and his disease: a brief history.

PubMed

Cipriani, Gabriele; Dolciotti, Cristina; Picchi, Lucia; Bonuccelli, Ubaldo

2011-04-01

More than 100 years ago, Alois Alzheimer first described the clinical and pathological features of an unusual brain disease during the meeting of the Society of Southwest German Psychiatrists in Tübingen: the patient, Auguste Deter, suffered memory loss, disorientation, hallucinations and delusions and died at the age of 55. In 1910, Emil Kraepelin named the condition with the eponym of "Alzheimer's disease" (AD) that is, now, the most common neurodegenerative disease with more than 25 million cases worldwide and a major medical problem nearing catastrophic levels. The present article discusses Alzheimer's work in the context of his life and time.

Raphaël Blanchard, parasitology, and the positioning of medical entomology in Paris.

PubMed

Osborne, M A

2008-12-01

The histories of medical entomology and parasitology are entwined. Raphaël Blanchard (1857-1919), Chair of Medical Natural History and Parasitology at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, organized the teaching of medical entomology and civilian colonial medicine. He also founded and edited the journal Archives de Parasitologie and started the Institute de Médecine Coloniale where he mentored many foreign students and researchers. Additionally, Blanchard is important for his scientific internationalism and medical historical work on the cultural location of parasitology and for training the future professors of parasitology Jules Guiart, Emile Brumpt, and Charles Joyeux.

Moral education for the elite of democracy: the classe de philosophie between sociology and philosophy.

PubMed

Barberis, Daniela S

2002-01-01

In this article, I address the issues at stake in the relationship between sociology and philosophy in the second half of the nineteenth century by focusing on a debate between two parties: Emile Durkheim, who was attempting to found an independent scientific sociology, and the editors and collaborators of the Revue de métaphysique et de morale (RMM), one of the central philosophical journals of the period. This debate focused on the role of philosophy in secondary school education, but at its heart, this was a struggle between two disciplines over which ought to direct the formation of good citizens for Third Republic France. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Molecular clocks.

PubMed

Lee, Michael S Y; Ho, Simon Y W

2016-05-23

In the 1960s, several groups of scientists, including Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling, had noted that proteins experience amino acid replacements at a surprisingly consistent rate across very different species. This presumed single, uniform rate of genetic evolution was subsequently described using the term 'molecular clock'. Biologists quickly realised that such a universal pacemaker could be used as a yardstick for measuring the timescale of evolutionary divergences: estimating the rate of amino acid exchanges per unit of time and applying it to protein differences across a range of organisms would allow deduction of the divergence times of their respective lineages (Figure 1). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fraction number of trapped atoms and velocity distribution function in sub-recoil laser cooling scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alekseev, V. A.; Krylova, D. D.

1996-02-01

The analytical investigation of Bloch equations is used to describe the main features of the 1D velocity selective coherent population trapping cooling scheme. For the initial stage of cooling the fraction of cooled atoms is derived in the case of a Gaussian initial velocity distribution. At very long times of interaction the fraction of cooled atoms and the velocity distribution function are described by simple analytical formulae and do not depend on the initial distribution. These results are in good agreement with those of Bardou, Bouchaud, Emile, Aspect and Cohen-Tannoudji based on statistical analysis in terms of Levy flights and with Monte-Carlo simulations of the process.

Theories of genetics and evolution and the development of medical entomology in France (1900-1939).

PubMed

Gachelin, G; Opinel, A

2008-12-01

The development of entomology and medical entomology in France is discussed in the context of the prevalence of Lamarckian ideas concerning heredity and evolution. Lamarckian ideas have greatly influenced research carried out at the Institut Pasteur by Emile Roubaud and more generally in Felix Mesnil's laboratory, as well as research in general entomology at the Museum national d'histoire naturelle. By contrast, it did not influence research and teaching at the Faculté de médecine of Paris or that of physicians more generally including those in overseas Instituts Pasteur, which clearly kept away from theoretical discussion concerning the origin of variations and adaptation in insects of medical interest.

150 years of Freud-Kraepelin dualism.

PubMed

Trede, Katharina

2007-09-01

The year 2006 marked the 150th Birthday of Emil Kraepelin and Sigmund Freud. Kraepelin and Freud were two very different yet very similar men. The comparison between their biographies shows many parallels in their lives and personalities. They were, in their time, the two most influential individuals in psychiatry. They wrote and thought about similar topics in the field yet came to quite different conclusions. Both did not show public respect for each other but wrote about the importance of integrating their respective approaches into the study of the mind/brain problem. Psychiatry today continues to struggle with the integration of the biological and psychodynamic approach.

Principles of Optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Born, Max; Wolf, Emil

1999-10-01

Principles of Optics is one of the classic science books of the twentieth century, and probably the most influential book in optics published in the past forty years. This edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, with new material covering the CAT scan, interference with broad-band light and the so-called Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory. This edition also details scattering from inhomogeneous media and presents an account of the principles of diffraction tomography to which Emil Wolf has made a basic contribution. Several new appendices are also included. This new edition will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers working in most areas of optics.

Combustion of Schlamm in ACFB boilers -- The Charbonnages de France Group's experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schroeder, M.; Rollin, J.P.

Within the context of the rehabilitation of Emile Huchet Power Plant Unit 4 owned by the ``SNET'', a company of the CHARBONNAGES DE FRANCE Group, a new CFB boiler with an electrical capacity of 125 MW has been commissioned in 1990 in replacement for an existing pulverized-coal boiler. This boiler constituted at the time an experimental unit on two accounts. It was an innovation through its size but also its specific design which allows to burn schlamm--a coal washing residue--in the form of pulp. The boiler design answered the CHARBONNAGES DE FRANCE Group's need to eliminate old settling ponds containingmore » schlamm which, from the technical and economic point of view, could not be burnt using conventional combustion techniques owing to its specific characteristics (fine, high-ash product with a very high moisture and clay content). This original method of injection as well as the pulp preparation process suited to this type of injection have been designed and developed by CdF INGENIERIE and the CERCHAR (CdF Group) after many investigations and tests. The experience gained at Emile Huchet Power Plant for more than 7 years confirms that the CFB boiler is a clean combustion technique which is perfectly suited to the combustion of schlamm injected in the form of pulp. The CFB unit burns exclusively schlamm conditioned in the form of pulp with 33% of moisture, and this with a high degree of efficiency, low emission values and a very good availability. This talk include a description of the CFB boiler and the pulp preparation plant as well as a presentation of the boiler performances and of the experience gained by the CHARBONANGES DE FRANCE Group since the new CFB unit has been commissioned.« less

The return of Ehrlich's 'Therapia magna sterilisans' and other Ehrlich concepts?. Series of papers honoring Paul Ehrlich on the occasion of his 150th birthday.

PubMed

Sörgel, F

2004-04-01

On March 14th of this year, the birthday of Paul Ehrlich, the great German researcher and 'founder of chemotherapy', returned for the 150th time. Interestingly, his later colleague Emil von Behring was born one day later in 1854. Both were coworkers in Robert Koch's laboratory and became Nobel Prize laureates (for their work in immunology), making great contributions to antiinfectious treatments. Emil von Behring's approach was through the use of immunological agents, while Ehrlich favored an approach of antiinfectious treatment by chemical agents. Through an ingenious concept that was a clear continuation of his early days in research with dyes, he found the first chemotherapeutic agents. From his dye work, he had concluded the following: if there are dyes that one can use to stain cells, why not develop pharmacological agents that, like stains, also attach to a structure in the living pathogen and kill them. He gave these agents the emotionally charged name 'magic bullets'. This introductory review will initiate a series of papers on the occasion of Ehrlich's 150th birthday and the 'World Conference on Dosing of Antiinfectives: Dosing the Magic Bullets', which is going to be held in Nürnberg, Germany, from September 9 to 11, 2004 (see www.ehrlich2004.org). Apart from the conference topic, this conference will also commemorate a real science giant of the last century and yet a modest human being whom, as Robert Koch put it, 'one had to like'. This article recalls Ehrlich's ingenious concepts, including modern syphilis treatment, one-dose treatment ('therapia magna sterilisans') of Helicobacter pylori infections and introduction of an arsenic compound, arsenic trioxide, as well as experiments and new exciting data on Congo red, a well-known 'non-Ehrlich dye'. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

[Conceptual foundation of the operational diagnostic approach in psychiatry].

PubMed

Jäger, M; Strauss, A; Frasch, K; Becker, T

2007-08-01

Based on the pioneering work of Emil Kraepelin, Karl Jaspers, Kurt Schneider and representatives of logical empiricism, the basic principles of the operational diagnostic approach in psychiatry are described. Operational diagnostic systems like ICD-10 and DSM-IV aimed at a standardisation of psychiatric language which can be accepted by different schools in psychiatry. However, ICD-10 and DSM-IV should not be misinterpreted as "nosology" because they do not reflect a specific model of psychiatric diseases. The advantages of operational diagnostic systems as instruments for communication in a clinical and scientific context are limited by the fact that they disregard the subjective psychopathology. This dimension, however, deserves attention in clinic and research.

Beginnings of microbiology and biochemistry: the contribution of yeast research.

PubMed

Barnett, James A

2003-03-01

With improvements in microscopes early in the nineteenth century, yeasts were seen to be living organisms, although some famous scientists ridiculed the idea and their influence held back the development of microbiology. In the 1850s and 1860s, yeasts were established as microbes and responsible for alcoholic fermentation, and this led to the study of the rôle of bacteria in lactic and other fermentations, as well as bacterial pathogenicity. At this time, there were difficulties in distinguishing between the activities of microbes and of extracellular enzymes. Between 1884 and 1894, Emil Fischer's study of sugar utilization by yeasts generated an understanding of enzymic specificity and the nature of enzyme-substrate complexes.

Group Shot - Nucleus - 1960 Flight Operations Division - Houston, TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-07-08

Group shot of the nucleus of the 1960 Flight Operations Division for the Mercury Program. Image taken at the Houston Petroleum Center (HPC) in Houston, TX, prior to their move to the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). This photo was published in the Space News Roundup, 07/08/1964. The women are (L-R): Doris Folkes, Cathy Osgood, Shirley Hunt and Mary Shep Burton. The men are (L-R): Dick Koos, Paul Brumberg, John O'Loughlin, Emil Schiesser, Jim Dalby, Morris Jenkins, Carl Huss, John Mayer, Bill Tindall, Hal Beck, Charlie Allen, Ted Skopinski, Jack Hartung, Glynn Lunney, John Shoosmith, Bill Reini, Lyn Dunseith, Jerry Engel, Harold Miller and Clay Hicks. ( 26644 ); Houston, TX

Sharing a Room with Emile: Challenging the Role of the Educator in Experiential Learning Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozar, Ryan

2015-01-01

Contemporary practitioners of experiential learning look to John Dewey and other progressives for the foundation on which to interpret, design, and facilitate learning through experience. Although Dewey's theory of learning through experience was greatly influenced by other educational theorists and practitioners of the 18th and 19th centuries, by…

Transforming the Liberal Curriculum: Rewriting the Story of Sophie and Emile. Working Paper No. 156.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jane Roland

The growing body of literature on transforming the curriculum through the study of women contains several strands which serve as evidence of the range of issues this body of work addresses. It is argued that the genderized ideal of the educated person is an inadequate guide to the education of either sex in the late twentieth century United…

Origin of cone-in-cone calcite veins during calcitization of dolomites and their subsequent diagenesis: A case study from the Gogolin Formation (Middle Triassic), SW Poland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kowal-Linka, Monika

2010-03-01

Although bedding-parallel cone-in-cone structure calcite veins are present in the Middle Triassic Gogolin Formation in Opole Silesia, their occurrence is limited to the Emilówka Cellular Limestone Member. Marly limestones (dedolomites) consisting of calcite pseudospar are the host rocks. The veins, which are up to 3 mm high and 30 cm long, are built of densely packed cone columns, with individual cones up to 0.7 mm high and 0.6 mm wide at their bases, and with vertex angle values ranging from 30° to 50°. The cones are microfractured, and the adjacent cones are vertically shifted in oblique planes. The exceptionally small veins consist of calcite fibres up to 0.15 mm high. The veins are built of low-magnesium and non-ferroan calcite, characterized by low δ 18O values ranging from - 6.8‰ to - 7.4‰, and low δ 13C values ranging from - 2.9‰ to - 4.5‰ vs. PDB. These isotopic values are similar to those obtained from the host rocks (δ 18O from - 6.8‰ to - 7.4‰, and δ 13C from - 3.2‰ to - 3.6‰ vs. PDB) and they are strongly depleted in comparison with the isotopic values of other carbonate particles from the Gogolin Formation. The veins only formed in one lithostratigraphic member, suggesting that their origin is related to processes which acted only locally. There are two unique processes that the Emilówka Cellular Limestone Member alone in the Gogolin Formation underwent: early diagenetic evaporitic dolomitization of lime mud in the sabkha environment, and subsequent calcitization of dolomite. Dolomitization led to sediment cohesion loss, porosity increase and initial horizontal laminae separation as a result of the transformation of calcium carbonate to dolomite within anisotropic deposits. Similar values of geochemical parameters obtained from the vein calcite and the host rock calcite are evidence that vein-filling precipitation was contemporary with dedolomitization. Geochemical data combined with sedimentological research and burial history

Sociopolitical contexts of self-immolations in Vietnam and South Korea.

PubMed

Ben Park, B C

2004-01-01

This article explores common political and social-psychological factors involved in acts of self-immolation that took place in Vietnam and South Korea in the later part of the 20th century. Drawing upon the pioneering work of Emile Durkheim, the author identifies some key analytical distinctions between altruistic suicide and cases of self-immolation. On the basis of suicide notes, diaries, and letters left behind by 22 self-immolators, the author sheds light on the intentions and beliefs of those actors and social significance of their acts. In addition to the unique geo-political circumstances of the Cold War era, under which massive numbers of dramatic public acts of self-immolation took place, the symbolic message imbedded in the acts of self-immolators is explored.

Science and craftsmanship: the art of experiment and instrument making.

PubMed

Dierig, Sven

2006-01-01

In his two-volume monograph Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität, the Berlin physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond described the relation between nervous electricity and muscle mechanics by way of a long series of experiments. This work is a key text in the history of the experimental life sciences. But it not only contains new findings about the functioning of muscles and its nerves. Du Bois-Reymond practiced an art of experimentation in which aesthetics of mechanical craftsmanship allied itself with the science of physiology. Experimentation, as du Bois-Reymond understood it, was simultaneously an epistemic and an aesthetic practice. The goal of his science was thus producing both knowledge and aesthetic success. To cite this article: S. Dierig, C. R. Biologies 329 (2006).

A century of Pharmaceutical and professorial presidency at the (1911-2011).

PubMed

Labrude, Pierre

2016-06-01

The society was created in 1911 at the Ecole supirieure de pharmacie of Nancy by professor Julien Godfrin wno was the chairman of the school and wno becamed its first president. But Godfrin died in 1913. The second president was Auguste Sartory who was extremely active in spite of the war but who leaved Nancy at its end to be named as a professor at the new school of pharmacy in Strasbourg. Four presidents followed each other during these years after Sartory: Pierre Seyot, Emile Steimetz, Pierre Lectard and Frangois Mortier. All of them were pharmacists and professors. During this century, the society was always associated to the school and to the faculty for the teaching of mycology to pharmacy students and other lovers.

Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health

PubMed Central

Hajj Hussein, Inaya; Chams, Nour; Chams, Sana; El Sayegh, Skye; Badran, Reina; Raad, Mohamad; Gerges-Geagea, Alice; Leone, Angelo; Jurjus, Abdo

2015-01-01

Multiple cornerstones have shaped the history of vaccines, which may contain live-attenuated viruses, inactivated organisms/viruses, inactivated toxins, or merely segments of the pathogen that could elicit an immune response. The story began with Hippocrates 400 B.C. with his description of mumps and diphtheria. No further discoveries were recorded until 1100 A.D. when the smallpox vaccine was described. During the eighteenth century, vaccines for cholera and yellow fever were reported and Edward Jenner, the father of vaccination and immunology, published his work on smallpox. The nineteenth century was a major landmark, with the “Germ Theory of disease” of Louis Pasteur, the discovery of the germ tubercle bacillus for tuberculosis by Robert Koch, and the isolation of pneumococcus organism by George Miller Sternberg. Another landmark was the discovery of diphtheria toxin by Emile Roux and its serological treatment by Emil Von Behring and Paul Ehrlih. In addition, Pasteur was able to generate the first live-attenuated viral vaccine against rabies. Typhoid vaccines were then developed, followed by the plague vaccine of Yersin. At the beginning of World War I, the tetanus toxoid was introduced, followed in 1915 by the pertussis vaccine. In 1974, The Expanded Program of Immunization was established within the WHO for bacille Calmette–Guerin, Polio, DTP, measles, yellow fever, and hepatitis B. The year 1996 witnessed the launching of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. In 1988, the WHO passed a resolution to eradicate polio by the year 2000 and in 2006; the first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer was developed. In 2010, “The Decade of vaccines” was launched, and on April 1st 2012, the United Nations launched the “shot@Life” campaign. In brief, the armamentarium of vaccines continues to grow with more emphasis on safety, availability, and accessibility. This mini review highlights the major historical events and pioneers in the course of development

[On the history of barbiturates].

PubMed

Norn, Svend; Permin, Henrik; Kruse, Edith; Kruse, Poul R

2015-01-01

Throughout the history of humanity, numerous therapeutic agents have been employed for their sedative and hypnotic properties such as opium, henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), but also alcohol and wine. In the 19th century potassium bromide was introduced as a sedative - and antiepileptic drug and chloral hydrate as sedative-hypnotics. A new era was reached by the introduction of barbiturates. The story started with the chemist Adolf von Baeyer. His breakthrough in the synthesis of new agents as barbituric acid and indigo and his education of young chemists was of great importance for the science of organic chemistry and the development of the dye and medicine industry in the late 19th century. The next important step was the development of barbiturates. The pioneers were Josef von Mering and Emil Fischer. Using the Grimaux-method they synthesized various barbiturates. It was von Mering who got the idea of introducing ethyl groups in the inactive barbituric acid to obtain sedatives, but the synthesis was succeeded by the chemist Emil Fischer. Experiments with dogs clearly showed sedative and hypnotic effect of the barbiturates and the oral administration of barbital (Veronal) confirmed the effect in humans. Barbital was commercialized in 1903 and in 1911 phenobarbital (Luminal) was introduced in the clinic, and this drug showed hypnotic and antiepileptic effects. Thereafter a lot of new barbiturates appeared. Dangerous properties of the drugs were recognized as abuse, addiction, and poisoning. An optimum treatment of acute barbiturate intoxication was obtained by the "Scandinavian method", which was developed in the Poison Centre of the Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen. The centre was established by Carl Clemmesen in 1949 and the intensive care treatment reduced the mortality of the admitted persons from 20% to less than 2%. To-day only a few barbiturates are used in connection with anaesthesia and for the treatment of epilepsy

[Professor Emile Perrot: seven years of active collaboration with the journal La Quinzaine coloniale (1907-1914)].

PubMed

Bonnemain, Bruno

2009-02-01

E. Perrot, at that time young professor of Pharmacy in Paris, realizes in 1907 the interest of the valorization of the french colonial empire. He is then part, during 7 years, of the authors for the journal "La Quinzaine coloniale" where he is among the ones that publish in a new section related to scientific and technical publications with the objective to emphatize colonial ressources. Perrot approaches many subjects from rubber to medicinal herbs (especially quinquina) as well as babanas and botanic gardens. In doing it, it is an opportunity for Perrot to give some ideas on how to improve the valorization of french colonies, ideas that will be at least partially applied after the 1st World War when he became vice-president of the "Comité Interministeriel des Plantes Médicinales" created in 1918. The 300 articles that was published at the time by Perrot is an opportunity to better assess the role of E. Perrot later on, during the period 1918-1939.

Altruistic suicide: a few reflections.

PubMed

Leenaars, Antoon A

2004-01-01

In the last few centuries, science has become arithmetic, tabular, taxonomic, to explain living creatures, chemical elements and even diseases of the mind. Emile Durkheim attempted to do the same with his enduring volume, Suicide: A Study of Sociology, first published in 1897. Durkheim showed that suicide could be divided into an order: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic-here, we focus on the question, who is the altruistic suicide? Durkheim's additional question is raised: When is a motive praiseworthy and when not-when to be called altruistic or heroic, and when terrorist? Further study is warranted-and thus, this opening editorial to an array of studies on the topic, from antiquity to the Christian martyrs into this century, to the act of Sati in India, to the suicide bomber in the Moslem world.

History and status of embryology and developmental biology at Polish Medical Faculties and Schools.

PubMed

Bartel, Hieronim

2008-01-01

In Poland, medical embryology (both scientific research and teaching of the subject) has traditionally involved Chairs of Histology and Embryology rather than Obstetrics and Gynecology. Before World War II, the most buoyant centers for embryological research among the five universities at the time (in Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lvov and Vilnius), were the Chairs of Embryology and Histology at Medical Faculties of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and the University of Vilnius. After World War II, eleven Medical Academies (Universities of Medicine) came into being (Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lodz, Gdansk, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Katowice and Lublin). They conduct scientific research on normal development of the human embryo as well as teratology studies. In the XX century, eminent medicine-related embryologist included professors Emil Godlewski Jr., Stanislaw Hiller and Stefan Baginski.

From Norm Adoption to Norm Internalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conte, Rosaria; Andrighetto, Giulia; Villatoro, Daniel

In this presentation, advances in modeling the mental dynamics of norms will be presented. In particular, the process from norm-adoption, possibly yielding new normative goals, to different forms of norm compliance will be focused upon, including norm internalization, which is at study in social-behavioral sciences and moral philosophy since long. Of late, the debate was revamped within the rationality approach pointing to the role of norm internalization as a less costly and more reliable enforcement system than social control. So far, poor attention was paid to the mental underpinnings of internalization. In this presentation, a rich cognitive model of different types, degrees and factors of internalization is shown. The initial implementation of this model on EMIL-A, a normative agent architecture developed and applied to the.

Psychiatric research and science policy in Germany: the history of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie (German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich from 1917 to 1945).

PubMed

Weber, M M

2000-09-01

The Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie (DFA) in Munich, one of the most important research institutes in the field of theoretical and clinical psychiatry, was founded in 1917 by Emil Kraepelin. Its financial existence between the world wars was assured by generous donations from the Jewish American scholar and philanthropist James Loeb. The scientific work done by Walther Spielmeyer (neuropathology), Felix Plaut (serology), Kurt Schneider (clinical psychiatry) and Ernst Rudin (psychiatric genetics) earned the DFA a reputation as an international center for psychiatry and neurology. During the 'Third Reich' Ernst Rudin cooperated with the National Socialist health system. His genetic concepts provided support for eugenic programmes such as forced sterilization of individuals with psychoses. These complex interactions underscore the importance of the DFA in understanding the recent history of medicine in Germany.

[Exploration of salt in Poland in the second half of the 18th century].

PubMed

Danowska, Ewa

2014-01-01

Following the First Partition in 1772, Poland lost the salt mines in Wieliczka, Bochnia and in the territory of Ruthenia to Austria. This was a serious blow to the economy, because since then, it became necessary to import salt, which was primarily taken advantage of by the Royal Prussian Maritime Trading Company (Pruska Kompania Morska) importing it from Austria. King Stanislaw August Poniatowski tried to initiate the exploration and exploitation of salt in the areas where it could be profitable. To this end, he ordered the exploration to Filip Carosi and Stanislaw Okraszewski, among other. The salt-works of the Castellan of Leukow, Jacek Jezierski in the town of Solca, in the Lqczyckie Region, active since 1780, was a private investment. Leopold von Beust's Kompania akcyjna obtained salt from a brine near the town of Busko, and Kompania z Osob Krajowych--from a brine in the town of Raczki nad Pilica. In 1782, the King appointed The Ore Commission (Komisja Kruszcowa), consisted of twelve commissioners, in order to conduct the exploration for minerals, including salt, their extraction and further administration. The Crown Treasury Commission (Komisja Skarbu Koronnego), a magistracy dealing with, among others, the economy of the country in a broad sense, was also involved in the exploration and exploatation of salt. At its command, in the summer of 1788, Tadeusz Czacki made a tour of the Kielce region in search of traces of salt. In view of the important events of the Four-Year Sejm (Sejm Czteroletni) and the subsequent loss of independence, the subject of salt exploration had to be abandoned.

CaFe interstellar clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bondar, A.; Kozak, M.; Gnaciński, P.; Galazutdinov, G. A.; Beletsky, Y.; Krełowski, J.

2007-07-01

A new kind of interstellar cloud is proposed. These are rare (just a few examples among ~300 lines of sight) objects with the CaI 4227-Å, FeI 3720-Å and 3860-Å lines stronger than those of KI (near 7699 Å) and NaI (near 3302 Å). We propose the name `CaFe' for these clouds. Apparently they occupy different volumes from the well-known interstellar HI clouds where the KI and ultraviolet NaI lines are dominant features. In the CaFe clouds we have not found either detectable molecular features (CH, CN) or diffuse interstellar bands which, as commonly believed, are carried by some complex, organic molecules. We have found the CaFe clouds only along sightlines toward hot, luminous (and thus distant) objects with high rates of mass loss. In principle, the observed gas-phase interstellar abundances reflect the combined effects of the nucleosynthetic history of the material, the depletion of heavy elements into dust grains and the ionization state of these elements which may depend on irradiation by neighbouring stars. Based on data collected using the Maestro spectrograph at the Terskol 2-m telescope, Russia; and on data collected using the ESO Feros spectrograph; and on data obtained from the ESO Science Archive Facility acquired with the UVES spectrograph, Chile. E-mail: `arctur'@rambler.ru (AB); marizak@astri.uni.torun.pl (MK); pg@iftia.univ.gda.pl (PG); gala@boao.re.kr (GAG); ybialets@eso.org (YB); jacek@astri.uni.torun.pl (JK)

Cancer heterogeneity and multilayer spatial evolutionary games.

PubMed

Świerniak, Andrzej; Krześlak, Michał

2016-10-13

Evolutionary game theory (EGT) has been widely used to simulate tumour processes. In almost all studies on EGT models analysis is limited to two or three phenotypes. Our model contains four main phenotypes. Moreover, in a standard approach only heterogeneity of populations is studied, while cancer cells remain homogeneous. A multilayer approach proposed in this paper enables to study heterogeneity of single cells. In the extended model presented in this paper we consider four strategies (phenotypes) that can arise by mutations. We propose multilayer spatial evolutionary games (MSEG) played on multiple 2D lattices corresponding to the possible phenotypes. It enables simulation and investigation of heterogeneity on the player-level in addition to the population-level. Moreover, it allows to model interactions between arbitrary many phenotypes resulting from the mixture of basic traits. Different equilibrium points and scenarios (monomorphic and polymorphic populations) have been achieved depending on model parameters and the type of played game. However, there is a possibility of stable quadromorphic population in MSEG games for the same set of parameters like for the mean-field game. The model assumes an existence of four possible phenotypes (strategies) in the population of cells that make up tumour. Various parameters and relations between cells lead to complex analysis of this model and give diverse results. One of them is a possibility of stable coexistence of different tumour cells within the population, representing almost arbitrary mixture of the basic phenotypes. This article was reviewed by Tomasz Lipniacki, Urszula Ledzewicz and Jacek Banasiak.

Antarctica: As seismic as other plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richman, Barbara T.

Antarctica shakes, rattles, and rolls just as much as other slow-moving plates. Emile Okal, a Yale University seismologist, told colleagues at the AGU Fall Meeting that although the Antarctic plate is not moving across the earth as fast as other continents, it has a seismicity similar to other plates. His findings refute the claim that a ring of spreading ridges that surrounds the plate leaves Antarctica stress free.The small number of reports of plate seismicity, Okal explained, has been used to argue that the ridges that surround the plate are unable to transmit tectonic stresses and would make the Antarctic plate motionless and free of seismic stress. However, when Okal added up the total seismic energy released during the last 55 years, he found it similar to that of the African plate, which is comparable in size.

Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus and A. brasiliensis: chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for the final healthy product--natural preservatives in yoghurt.

PubMed

Stojković, Dejan; Reis, Filipa S; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Ćirić, Ana; Barros, Lillian; Van Griensven, Leo J L D; Ferreira, Isabel C F R; Soković, Marina

2014-07-25

Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach and Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser, M. Didukh, Amazonas & Stamets are edible mushrooms. We chemically characterized these mushrooms for nutritional value, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts were assessed. Hepatotoxicity was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of both species was tested for inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth in yoghurt. Both species proved to be a good source of bioactive compounds. A. brasiliensis was richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids and revealed the highest concentration of phenolic acids, and tocopherols. A. bisporus showed the highest monounsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol contents. A. brasiliensis revealed the highest antioxidant potential, and its ethanolic extract displayed the highest antibacterial potential; the methanolic extract of A. bisporus revealed the highest antifungal activity. A. brasiliensis possessed better preserving properties in yoghurt.

[Behring's personal papers--Behring's lives].

PubMed

Enke, Ulrike

2014-09-01

The article wants to show the connection between the enriched personal papers of Emil von Behring (1854-1917) in the Behring archives in Marburg (established in 1927) and the history of the first biography of the scientist, which was published by Heinz Zeiss and Richard Bieling during Nazi era in 1940. One focus is placed on Behring's widow Else von Behring (1876-1936), who was active in arranging Behring's papers in proper order and in searching a biographer of her husband's life. The paper also presents new discoveries from the Behring Works archives in Marburg which show Behring--founder of the serum therapy and first winner of the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1901--as an entrepreneur who was fighting for control and influence in the field of science and of business: maybe another narration of Behring's life.

Experimental Reconstructions of Surface Temperature using the PAGES 2k Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jianghao; Emile-Geay, Julien; Vaccaro, Adam; Guillot, Dominique; Rajaratnam, Bala

2014-05-01

studies (Wang et al., 2014). The updated set of reconstructions, with uncertainties, will provide a broader context for the evaluation of the unusual character of the 20th century warming. The reconstructions will also be used to constrain fingerprinting analyses, which is particularly useful in discriminating between externally forced signals and internal variability. Reference: Guillot, D., B. Rajaratnam, and J. Emile-Geay, Statistical paleoclimate reconstructions via markov random fields, Ann. Appl. Stat., submitted. Mann, M. E., Z. Zhang, S. Rutherford, R. S. Bradley, M. K. Hughes, D. Shindell, C. Ammann, G. Faluvegi, and F. Ni, Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and medieval climate anomaly, Science, 326 (5957), 1256-1260, 2009. PAGES2K Consortium, Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia, Nature Geosci, 6(5), 339-346, 2013. Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, D. Chang, and M. N. Evans, A pseudoproxy evaluation of the CCA and RegEM methods for reconstructing climate fields of the last millennium*, J. Clim., 23(18), 4856-4880, 2010. Wang, J., J. Emile-Geay, A. D. Vaccaro, and D. Guillot, Fragility of estimated spatial temperature patterns in climate field reconstructions of the Common Era, Abstract PP41B-03 presented at Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 2013. Wang, J., J. Emile-Geay, D. Guillot, J. Smerdon, and B. Rajaratnam, Evaluating climate field reconstruction techniques using improved emulations of real-world conditions, Clim.Past, 10(1), 1-19, 2014.

[Suicide in the prime of life: current data].

PubMed

Andrian, J

1996-01-01

Suicide of people aged 25-59 years old is fastly increasing in France, especially for males, to 38.4 per 100,000 population in 1992 from 37.0 per 100,000 a decade earlier. In fact the suicide rate is decreasing among male adults having an occupation or a job (to 32.3 in 1992 from 33.8 in 1982). On the contrary, the economically inactive and the jobless are experiencing a tremendous growth in their suicide rate (to 74.9 per 100,000 population in 1992 from 60.9 a decade earlier). The trend is observed also among females aged 25-59 years old but the "employed/unemployed" gap is less pronounced. Marital status and occupational groups have also an influence upon the frequency of adult suicide. Since the work of Emile Durkheim a century ago, the profile of suicide has changed in France, due to societal upheavals.

"Hope that is seen is no hope at all:" theological constructions of hope in psychotherapy.

PubMed

Kinghorn, Warren

2013-01-01

Contemporary psychology and psychiatry have increasingly focused on hope as a human phenomenon relevant to physical and psychological well-being. Contemporary psychological research, however, often considers hope anthropocentrically and cannot speak directly of the particular cultural, religious and theological sustaining contexts of hope that, especially for persons of faith, give hope its shape and meaning. In this paper I focus on three articulations of hope within Jewish and Christian tradition-the Summa theologiae of Thomas Aquinas, the lament psalms of the Hebrew Bible, and the post-Holocaust writing of Emil Fackenheim-to argue that attention to these sustaining contexts is essential for understanding what religious traditions mean by hope. Religious traditions display insights and practices related to hope that both complement and challenge contemporary psychological approaches to hope. Close attention to these determinative traditions can therefore enrich and deepen the treatment of hope within contemporary psychotherapeutic practice.

Between Nationalism and Internationalism: The German Chemical Society In Comparative Perspective, 1867-1945.

PubMed

Johnson, Jeffrey Allan

2017-09-04

One-hundred fifty years ago, on the eve of German unification, about one-hundred people gathered in Berlin to found the German Chemical Society (DChG) under the charismatic leadership of August Wilhelm von Hofmann, who attracted a large international membership by promoting modern organic chemistry. By 1892, when Emil Fischer succeeded Hofmann, the DChG was the world's largest chemical society. Under Fischer the Society promoted international collaboration with foreign societies, and in 1900 it opened an impressive headquarters, the Hofmann House, where it centralized its greatly expanded literary activity including abstracts and reference publications. Yet a half-century later, after war and racial-national extremism, the house lay in ruins and the Society had ceased to exist. In remembering the Society, one may well ask why its auspicious beginning should have led to this ignominious end. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The Kraepelinian tradition

PubMed Central

Hoff, Paul

2015-01-01

Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) was an influential figure in the history of psychiatry as a clinical science. This paper, after briefly presenting his biography, discusses the conceptual foundations of his concept of mental illness and follows this line of thought through to late 20th-century “Neo-Kraepelinianism,” including recent criticism, particularly of the nosological dichotomy of endogenous psychoses. Throughout his professional life, Kraepelin put emphasis on establishing psychiatry as a clinical science with a strong empirical background. He preferred pragmatic attitudes and arguments, thus underestimating the philosophical presuppositions of his work. As for nosology, his central hypothesis is the existence and scientific accessibility of “natural disease entities” (“natürliche Krankheitseinheiten”) in psychiatry. Notwithstanding contemporary criticism that he commented upon, this concept stayed at the very center of Kraepelin's thinking, and therefore profoundly shaped his clinical nosology. PMID:25987861

Alexandre Yersin (1863-1943): discoverer of the plague bacillus, explorer and agronomist.

PubMed

Hawgood, Barbara J

2008-08-01

Alexandre Yersin was born in French Switzerland and later took French nationality. While a medical student he worked in Paris with Emile Roux to discover the exotoxin produced by the diphtheria bacillus. Two years after graduation, he left Paris for French Indochina where he was the first European to explore and map the central highlands of Vietnam. As a member of the French Colonial Health Service he was sent to Hong Kong in 1894 to investigate the outbreak of bubonic plague. He isolated from buboes the causative bacillus that later was named Yersinia pestis in his honour. In Vietnam, Yersin established a Pasteur Institute at the coastal village of Nha Trang where he lived for the rest of his life. He developed vaccines and antisera for both men and animals and, as an agronomist, he introduced the Brazilian rubber tree and Peruvian cinchona tree (for quinine) into the country. In Vietnam, as in France, the name of Yersin continues to be venerated.

["Migration of Thoughts". Ludwik Fleck's morphology of knowledge].

PubMed

Neumann, Michael

2014-01-01

This article traces some of the transformation that the fields of folk psychology (Völkerpsychologie) and anthropology underwent in the late nineteenth century. Ludwik Fleck, in developing his sociology of knowledge, drew on both of these fields; a legacy that makes it possible to conceive of his epistemology as a theory of communication. Fleck, in grounding his understanding of the relationship between sociality and communication on insights from these two disciplines, proposed the morphological concept of an organic formation of all scientific knowledge. Naturalising knowledge production in this manner, Fleck postulated a program of deciphering, reading, and translation that would relate all forms of knowledge back to the rules and conditions of its making. In this morphological conception of the processes of knowledge production, Fleck’s sociology bears significant similarities with the description of social institutions by French sociologists Marcel Mauss and Emile Durkheim, who also drew on insights from late-nineteenth-century folk psychology and anthropology.

Minding experience: An exploration of the concept of "experience" in the early French anthropology of Durkheim, Lévy-Bruhl, and Lévi-Strauss.

PubMed

Throop, C Jason

2003-01-01

In line with the growing concern with the unexamined reliance upon the concept of "experience" in anthropology, this article explores in some detail the various usages and definitions of the concept in the work of three of early French anthropology's most influential theorists: Emile Durkheim (1858-1918), Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1857-1939), and Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-). With its important influence on both British and American anthropology, the early French anthropological tradition, as epitomized in the writings of these three thinkers, has indeed played a pivotal role in shaping many current taken-for-granted understandings of the concept of experience in the discipline of anthropology as a whole. In the process of exploring how experience is viewed by these three scholars, this paper will thus take some initial steps toward the historical contextualization of many of the unquestioned assumptions underpinning current understandings of experience in the discipline of anthropology and the social sciences more generally. Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Collectivism and the meaning of suffering.

PubMed

Sullivan, Daniel; Landau, Mark J; Kay, Aaron C; Rothschild, Zachary K

2012-12-01

People need to understand why an instance of suffering occurred and what purpose it might have. One widespread account of suffering is a repressive suffering construal (RSC): interpreting suffering as occurring because people deviate from social norms and as having the purpose of reinforcing the social order. Based on the theorizing of Emile Durkheim and others, we propose that RSC is associated with social morality-the belief that society dictates morality-and is encouraged by collectivist (as opposed to individualist) sentiments. Study 1 showed that dispositional collectivism predicts both social morality and RSC. Studies 2-4 showed that priming collectivist (vs. individualist) self-construal increases RSC of various types of suffering and that this effect is mediated by increased social morality (Study 4). Study 5 examined behavioral intentions, demonstrating that parents primed with a collectivist self-construal interpreted children's suffering more repressively and showed greater support for corporal punishment of children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).

"The assistant's bedroom served as a laboratory": documentation in 1888 of within sleep periodicity by the psychiatrist Eduard Robert Michelson.

PubMed

Weber, Matthias M; Burgmair, Wolfgang

2009-03-01

In 1888, Eduard Robert Michelson (1861-1944), a student of the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin at the university clinic of Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia), established a sleep laboratory in which he conducted a fundamental and innovative study about the physiology of sleep regulation. Based on the then current theoretical concepts and methodological techniques of Wundtian experimental psychology, and Kraepelin's research strategy, Michelson, for the first time, was able to describe a "very strange phenomenon" of human sleep - a "remarkable periodicity" of the "sleep depth curve." Furthermore, Michelson postulated that this within sleep periodicity should not be explained as an effect of external stimuli but rather of "antagonistic" physiological processes. Unfortunately, Michelson's publication of 1891 fell almost into oblivion as contemporary theories of sleep could not offer an explanation for his findings. Nevertheless, Michelson's "Untersuchungen über die Tiefe des Schlafes" should be considered as one of the key studies in the development of sleep research in the 19th century and a pioneer description of within sleep periodicity.

French perspectives on psychiatric classification.

PubMed

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-03-01

This article reviews the role of the French schools in the development of psychiatric nosology. Boissier de Sauvages published the first French treatise on medical nosology in 1763. Until the 1880s, French schools held a pre-eminent position in the development of psychiatric concepts. From the 1880s until World War I, German-speaking schools exerted the most influence, featuring the work of major figures such as Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler. French schools were probably hampered by excessive administrative and cultural centralization. Between the 1880s and the 1930s, French schools developed diagnostic categories that set them apart from international classifications. The main examples are Bouffée Délirante, and the complex set of chronic delusional psychoses (CDPs), including chronic hallucinatory psychosis. CDPs were distinguished from schizophrenia by the lack of cognitive deterioration during evolution. Modern French psychiatry is now coming into line with international classification, such as DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11.

Milestones in the history of personality disorders

PubMed Central

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2013-01-01

This paper analyzes the major historical milestones in the study of normal and abnormal personality, from antiquity up until the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the interaction between dimensional and typological approaches, which was a major issue during the preparation of DSM-5. Theories of personality started with the humoral theory of Greek medicine. Pinel, and later Esquirol and Prichard, are credited with the first descriptions of abnormal personalities in textbooks of psychiatry. Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, elaborate systems of normal and abnormal personality, associating to some degree types and dimensions, were devised by a succession of European psychologists, such as Ribot, Heymans, and Lazursky. Emil Kraepelin and Kurt Schneider proposed classifications of abnormal personality types. In parallel, psychoanalysts stressed the role of early life experiences. Towards the mid-20th century, statistical methods were applied to the scientific validation of personality dimensions with pioneers such as Cattell, anticipating the five-factor model. PMID:24174889

The history of nosology and the rise of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

PubMed Central

Shorter, Edward

2015-01-01

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 arose from a tradition filled with haphazard science and politically driven choices. The nosology of modern psychiatry began with the German classifiers of the late 19th century, especially Emil Kraepelin. Psychoanalysis then blotted out the classificatory vision for the next half-century, and most of this European psychopathological science failed to cross the Atlantic. The DSM series was a homegrown American product, beginning with Medical 203 in 1945, then guided by psychoanalytic insights through DSM-I in 1952 and DSM-II in 1968. In 1980, DSM-III represented a massive “turning of the page” in nosology, and it had the effect of steering psychoanalysis toward the exit in psychiatry and the beginning of a reconciliation of psychiatry with the rest of medicine. With the advent of DSM-5, however, questions are starting to be asked about whether this massive venture is on the right track. PMID:25987864

Vintilă Ciocâlteu (1891-1947): physician, biochemist, poet and professor.

PubMed

Popescu, Mihai; Nicolescu, Raluca

2013-01-01

Among the ambassadors of Romanian science and culture, we include the doctor Vintilă Ciocâlteu. Along with Victor Babeş, Nicolae Paulescu and George Emil Palade, Vintilă Ciocâlteu contributed further, by the reagent which he prepared together with Otto Folin, to the completion and deepening of the knowledge of cell biology within the medical agricultural, horticultural research or industrial chemistry. A multi-faceted personality, V. Ciocâlteu was also a remarkable poet, who entered into an unjust and hopeless conflict with the communist regime. Just like many of his compatriots, he was deleted from medical or literature books, was expelled from the department of Medicine in Bucharest and was charged with offences that he did not commit. But his name could not be deleted from the laboratory methods which used - the Reagent Folin-Ciocâlteu! Today, doctor Vintilă Ciocâlteu continues to promote the fame of the Romanian medicine in the world.

How the Term "Shock Waves" Came Into Being

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fomin, N. A.

2016-07-01

The present paper considers the history of works on shock waves beginning from S. D. Poisson's publication in 1808. It expounds on the establishment of the Polytechnic School in Paris and its fellows and teachers — Gaspard Monge, Lazare Carnot, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Simeon Denis Poisson, Henri Navier, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Joseph Liouville, Ademar de Saint-Venant, Henri Regnault, Pierre Dulong, Emile Jouguet, Pierre Duhem, and others. It also describes the participation in the development of the shock wave theory of young scientists from the universities of Cambridge, among which were George Airy, James Challis, Samuel Earnshaw, George Stokes, Lord Rayleigh, Lord Kelvin, and James Maxwell, as well as of scientists from the Göttingen University, Germany — Bernhard Riemann and Ernst Heinrich Weber. The pioneer works on shock waves of the Scottish engineer William Renkin, the French artillerist Pierre-Henri Hugoniot, German scientists August Toepler and Ernst Mach, and a Hungarian scientist Gyözö Zemplén are also considered.

Catatonia is not schizophrenia: Kraepelin's error and the need to recognize catatonia as an independent syndrome in medical nomenclature.

PubMed

Fink, Max; Shorter, Edward; Taylor, Michael A

2010-03-01

Catatonia is a motor dysregulation syndrome described by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874. He understood catatonia as a disease of its own. Others quickly recognized it among diverse disorders, but Emil Kraepelin made it a linchpin of his concept of dementia praecox. Eugen Bleuler endorsed this singular association. During the 20th century, catatonia has been considered a type of schizophrenia. In the 1970s, American authors identified catatonia in patients with mania and depression, as a toxic response, and in general medical and neurologic illnesses. It was only occasionally found in patients with schizophrenia. When looked for, catatonia is found in 10% or more of acute psychiatric admissions. It is readily diagnosable, verifiable by a lorazepam challenge test, and rapidly treatable. Even in its most lethal forms, it responds to high doses of lorazepam or to electroconvulsive therapy. These treatments are not accepted for patients with schizophrenia. Prompt recognition and treatment saves lives. It is time to place catatonia into its own home in the psychiatric classification.

The history of nosology and the rise of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

PubMed

Shorter, Edward

2015-03-01

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 arose from a tradition filled with haphazard science and politically driven choices. The nosology of modern psychiatry began with the German classifiers of the late 19th century, especially Emil Kraepelin. Psychoanalysis then blotted out the classificatory vision for the next half-century, and most of this European psychopathological science failed to cross the Atlantic. The DSM series was a homegrown American product, beginning with Medical 203 in 1945, then guided by psychoanalytic insights through DSM-I in 1952 and DSM-II in 1968. In 1980, DSM-III represented a massive "turning of the page" in nosology, and it had the effect of steering psychoanalysis toward the exit in psychiatry and the beginning of a reconciliation of psychiatry with the rest of medicine. With the advent of DSM-5, however, questions are starting to be asked about whether this massive venture is on the right track.

French perspectives on psychiatric classification

PubMed Central

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-01-01

This article reviews the role of the French schools in the development of psychiatric nosology. Boissier de Sauvages published the first French treatise on medical nosology in 1763. Until the 1880s, French schools held a pre-eminent position in the development of psychiatric concepts. From the 1880s until World War I, German-speaking schools exerted the most influence, featuring the work of major figures such as Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler. French schools were probably hampered by excessive administrative and cultural centralization. Between the 1880s and the 1930s, French schools developed diagnostic categories that set them apart from international classifications. The main examples are Bouffée Délirante, and the complex set of chronic delusional psychoses (CDPs), including chronic hallucinatory psychosis. CDPs were distinguished from schizophrenia by the lack of cognitive deterioration during evolution. Modern French psychiatry is now coming into line with international classification, such as DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11. PMID:25987863

Psychiatric governance, völkisch corporatism, and the German Research Institute of Psychiatry in Munich (1912-26). Part 1.

PubMed

Engstrom, Eric J; Burgmair, Wolfgang; Weber, Matthias M

2016-03-01

This is the first of two articles exploring in depth some of the early organizational strategies that were marshalled in efforts to found and develop the German Research Institute of Psychiatry (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie) in 1917. After briefly discussing plans for a German research institute before World War I, the article examines the political strategies and networks that Emil Kraepelin used to recruit support for the institute. It argues that his efforts at psychiatric governance can best be understood as a form of völkisch corporatism which sought to mobilize and coordinate a group of players in the service of higher biopolitical and hygienic ends. The article examines the wartime arguments used to justify the institute, the list of protagonists actively engaged in recruiting financial and political support, the various social, scientific and political networks that they exploited, and the local contingencies that had to be negotiated in order to found the research institute. © The Author(s) 2016.

A visual tracking method based on improved online multiple instance learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Xianhui; Wei, Yuxing

2016-09-01

Visual tracking is an active research topic in the field of computer vision and has been well studied in the last decades. The method based on multiple instance learning (MIL) was recently introduced into the tracking task, which can solve the problem that template drift well. However, MIL method has relatively poor performance in running efficiency and accuracy, due to its strong classifiers updating strategy is complicated, and the speed of the classifiers update is not always same with the change of the targets' appearance. In this paper, we present a novel online effective MIL (EMIL) tracker. A new update strategy for strong classifier was proposed to improve the running efficiency of MIL method. In addition, to improve the t racking accuracy and stability of the MIL method, a new dynamic mechanism for learning rate renewal of the classifier and variable search window were proposed. Experimental results show that our method performs good performance under the complex scenes, with strong stability and high efficiency.

Martyrs' last letters: are they the same as suicide notes?

PubMed

Leenaars, Antoon A; Ben Park, B C; Collins, Peter I; Wenckstern, Susanne; Leenaars, Lindsey

2010-05-01

Of the 800,000 suicides worldwide every year, a small number fall under Emile Durkheim's term of altruistic suicides. Study on martyrdom has been limited. There has to date, for example, been no systematic empirical study of martyr letters. We examined 33 letters of Korean self-immolators, compared with 33 suicide notes of a matched sample of more common suicides. An analysis of intrapsychic factors (suicide as unbearable pain, psychopathology) and interpersonal factors (suicide as murderous impulses and need to escape) revealed that, although one can use the same psychological characteristics or dynamics to understand the deaths, the state of mind of martyrs is more extreme, such that the pain is reported to be even more unbearable. Yet, there are differences, such as there was no ambivalence in the altruistic notes. It is concluded that intrapsychic and interpersonal characteristics are central in understanding martyrs, probably equal to community or societal factors. More forensic study is, however, warranted.

Exposure to rubber fume and rubber process dust in the general rubber goods, tyre manufacturing and retread industries.

PubMed

Dost, A A; Redman, D; Cox, G

2000-08-01

This study assesses the current patterns and levels of exposure to rubber fume and rubber process dust in the British rubber industry and compares and contrasts the data obtained from the general rubber goods (GRG), retread tire (RT) and new tire (NT) sectors. A total of 179 rubber companies were visited and data were obtained from 52 general rubber goods, 29 retread tire and 7 new tire manufacturers. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and included a walk-through inspection of the workplace to assess the extent of use of control measures and the nature of work practices being employed. The most recent (predominantly 1995-97) exposure monitoring data for rubber fume and rubber process dust were obtained from these companies; no additional sampling was conducted for the purpose of this study. In addition to the assessment of exposure data, evaluation of occupational hygiene reports for the quality of information and advice was also carried out.A comparison of the median exposures for processes showed that the order of exposure to rubber fume (E, in mg m(-3)) is: E(moulding) (0.40) approximately E(extrusion) (0.33)>E(milling) (0.18) for GRG; E(press) (0. 32)>E(extrusion) (0.19)>E(autoclave) (0.10) for RT; and E(press) (0. 22) approximately E(all other) (0.22) for NT. The order of exposure to rubber fume between sectors was E(GRG) (0.40)>E(RT) (0.32)>E(NT) (0.22). Median exposures to rubber process dust in the GRG was E(weighing) (4.2)>E(mixing) (1.2) approximately E(milling) (0.8) approximately E(extrusion) (0.8) and no significant difference (P=0. 31) between GRG and NT sectors. The findings compare well with the study carried out in the Netherlands [Kromhout et al. (1994), Annals of Occupational Hygiene 38(1), 3-22], and it is suggested that the factors governing the significant differences noted between the three sectors relate principally to the production and task functions and also to the extent of controls employed. Evaluation of occupational

The climate continuum revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emile-Geay, J.; Wang, J.; Partin, J. W.

2015-12-01

A grand challenge of climate science is to quantify the extent of natural variability on adaptation-relevant timescales (10-100y). Since the instrumental record is too short to adequately estimate the spectra of climate measures, this information must be derived from paleoclimate proxies, which may harbor a many-to-one, non-linear (e.g. thresholded) and non-stationary relationship to climate. In this talk, I will touch upon the estimation of climate scaling behavior from climate proxies. Two case studies will be presented: an investigation of scaling behavior in a reconstruction of global surface temperature using state-of- the-art data [PAGES2K Consortium, in prep] and methods [Guillot et al., 2015]. Estimating the scaling exponent β in spectra derived from this reconstruction, we find that 0 < β < 1 in most regions, suggesting long-term memory. Overall, the reconstruction-based spectra are steeper than the ones based on an instrumental dataset [HadCRUT4.2, Morice et al., 2012], and those estimated from PMIP3/CMIP5 models, suggesting the climate system is more energetic at multidecadal to centennial timescales than can be inferred from the short instrumental record or from the models developed to reproduce it [Laepple and Huybers, 2014]. an investigation of scaling behavior in speleothems records of tropical hydroclimate. We will make use of recent advances in proxy system modeling [Dee et al., 2015] and investigate how various aspects of the speleothem system (karst dynamics, age uncertainties) may conspire to bias the estimate of scaling behavior from speleothem timeseries. The results suggest that ignoring such complications leads to erroneous inferences about hydroclimate scaling. References Dee, S. G., J. Emile-Geay, M. N. Evans, Allam, A., D. M. Thompson, and E. J. Steig (2015), J. Adv. Mod. Earth Sys., 07, doi:10.1002/2015MS000447. Guillot, D., B. Rajaratnam, and J. Emile-Geay (2015), Ann. Applied. Statist., pp. 324-352, doi:10.1214/14-AOAS794. Laepple, T

An efficient climate model with water isotope physics: NEEMY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, J.; Emile-Geay, J.

2015-12-01

This work describes the development of an isotope-enabled atmosphere-ocean global climate model, NEEMY. This is a model of intermediate complexity, which can run 100 model years in 30 hours using 33 CPUs. The atmospheric component is the SPEEDY-IER (Molteni et al. 2003; Dee et al. 2015a), which is a water isotope-enabled (with equilibrium and kinetic fractionation schemes in precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture) simplified atmospheric general circulation model, with T30 horizontal resolution and 8 vertical layers. The oceanic component is NEMO 3.4 (Madec 2008), a state-of-the-art oceanic model (~2° horizontal resolution and 31 vertical layers) with an oceanic isotope module (a passive tracer scheme). A 1000-year control run shows that NEEMY is stable and its energy is conserved. The mean state is comparable to that of CMIP3-era CGCMs, though much cheaper to run. Atmospheric teleconnections such as the NAO and PNA are simulated very well. NEEMY also simulates the oceanic meridional overturning circulation well. The tropical climate variability is weaker than observations, and the climatology exhibits a double ITCZ problem despite bias corrections. The standard deviation of the monthly mean Nino3.4 index is 0.61K, compared to 0.91K in observations (Reynolds et al. 2002). We document similarities and differences with a close cousin, SPEEDY-NEMO (Kucharski et al. 2015). With its fast speed and relatively complete physical processes, NEEMY is suitable for paleoclimate studies ; we will present some forced simulations of the past millennium and their use in forward-modeling climate proxies, via proxy system models (PSMs, Dee et al 2015b). References Dee, S., D. Noone, N. Buenning, J. Emile-Geay, and Y. Zhou, 2015a: SPEEDY-IER: A fast atmospheric GCM with water isotope physics. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120: 73-91. doi:10.1002/2014JD022194. Dee, S. G., J. Emile-Geay, M. N. Evans, Allam, A., D. M. Thompson, and E. J. Steig, 2015b: PRYSM: an open-source framework

Coral-based estimates of tropical Pacific climate during the Little Ice Age: Intercolony variability and the need for replication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sayani, H. R.; Cobb, K. M.; Khare, A.; Stone, C.; Grothe, P. R.; Chen, T.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R. L.

2016-02-01

Massive surface corals offer continuous, high-resolution records of tropical climate variability, but reconstructing climate beyond the last century requires combining records from many different coral colonies [e.g. Cobb et al., 2003]. When combining coral records to build a reconstruction, however, one must grapple with the fact that corals growing on the same reef can yield Sr/Ca and δ18O records with significantly different mean values. These intercolony offsets equate to uncertainties of 1-3˚C when converted to SST [e.g. Felis et al., 2003; DeLong et al., 2011], significantly larger than the magnitude of decadal- to centennial-scale tropical climate variability during the last millennium [Emile-Geay et al., 2013]. Using a large suite of modern coral cores from Palmyra Atoll (6°N, 162°W), we quantify intercolony variability in Sr/Ca and δ18O records with respect to Sr/Ca-SST slopes and mean offsets. We document intercolony Sr/Ca offsets of ±0.09mmol/mol (1σ) or 1˚C, and δ18O offsets of ±0.04‰ or 0.2˚C. Sr/Ca-SST calibrations from six cores differ by ±5%, yielding temperatures ranging 26˚C to 29˚C when applied to a given coral Sr/Ca value. While individual corals are associated with large uncertainties, a composite of six modern cores offers a much reduced error bar of ±0.6˚C (1s). Applying these lessons to paired Sr/Ca and δ18O records from 3 Palmyra fossil corals from the 17th century, we find that central tropical Pacific (CTP) SST during the Little Ice Age (LIA) was 1.7±0.9˚C cooler than the 20th century. Seawater δ18O estimates derived from these fossil corals suggest drier conditions at Palmyra, consistent with lake sediment records from the Line Islands [Sachs et al., 2009]. References:Cobb, K. M., et al. (2003) Nature. 10.1038/nature01779DeLong, K. L., et al. (2011) Palaeogeo Palaeoclim Palaeoeco. 10.1016/J.Palaeo.2011.05.005Emile-Geay, J., et al. (2013) Journal of Climate. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00511.1Felis, T., et al. (2003) Coral

Comments on ``seismic properties of the Eltanin transform system, south Pacific'' by Emile A. Okal and Amy R. Langenhorst

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wessel, Paul; Kroenke, Loren W.

2001-03-01

Seismicity in the Eltanin transform system region reflects the current relative motion between the Pacific and Antarctica plates. As such, the seismicity provides little or no constraints on models for late Neogene Pacific absolute plate motion changes that in turn forced a synchronous change in relative plate motions resulting in the current relative plate motion.

Centrosymmetric molecules as possible carriers of diffuse interstellar bands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaźmierczak, M.; Schmidt, M. R.; Galazutdinov, G. A.; Musaev, F. A.; Betelesky, Y.; Krełowski, J.

2010-11-01

In this paper, we present new data with interstellar C2 (Phillips bands A 1 Πu-X1 Σ+g), from observations made with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory. We have determined the interstellar column densities and excitation temperatures of C2 for nine Galactic lines. For seven of these, C2 has never been observed before, so in this case the still small sample of interstellar clouds (26 lines of sight), where a detailed analysis of C2 excitation has been made, has increased significantly. This paper is a continuation of previous works where interstellar molecules (C2 and diffuse interstellar bands) have been analysed. Because the sample of interstellar clouds with C2 has increased, we can show that the width and shape of the profiles of some diffuse interstellar bands (6196 and 5797 Å) apparently depend on the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2; the profiles are broader because of the higher values of the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2. There are also diffuse interstellar bands (4964 and 5850 Å) for which this effect does not exist. Based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 266.D-5655(A), 67.C-0281(A), 71.C-0513(C), 67.D-0439(A) and 082.C-0566(A) and at La Silla under programme IDs 078.C-0403(A), 076.C-0164(A) and 073.C-0337(A). Also based on observations made with the 1.8-m telescope in South Korea and the 2-m telescope at the International Centre for Astronomical and Medico-Ecological Research, Terskol, Russia. E-mail: kazmierczak@astri.uni.torun.pl (MK); schmidt@ncac.torun.pl (MRS); runizag@gmail.com (GAG); ybialets@eso.org (YB); jacek@astri.uni.torun.pl (JK)

[The effects of the success of the synthesis of Stovaïne in science and industry. Ernest Fourneau (1872-1949) and the transformation of the field of medicinal chemistry in France].

PubMed

Debue-Barazer, Christine

2007-01-01

The synthetic local anaesthetic Stovaine was commercialised in France in 1904. Its inventor, Ernest Fourneau, began his career as a pharmaceutical chemist in organic chemistry laboratories in Germany, where from 1899 to 1901 he discovered how basic research could benefit from the modern chemistry theories which had developed in Germany starting in the 1860s. Using the complex structure of cocaine, he invented an original molecule, with comparable activity, but less toxic. The knowledge and the know-how which he acquired in Germany nourished his reflection in the field of the chemistry of the relationships between structure and activity, and led him to the development of Stovaïne. Emile Roux, Director of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, was interested in his work and invited him to head the first French therapeutic chemistry laboratory, in which research on medicinal chemistry was organised scientifically. The industrial development of new medicines resulting from the Pasteur Institute's therapeutic chemistry laboratory was supported by the Etablissements Poulenc frères, France thus gaining international reputation in the domain of pharmaceutical chemistry.

[A Japanese in Marburg : Excerpts from the Memories - Jiden - of the Japanese Bacteriologist Taichi Kitashima (1870-1956)].

PubMed

Enke, Ulrike; Ishihara, Aeka

2017-06-01

The heart of this article is the transmission of selected chapters from the Japanese bacteriologist Taichi Kitashima's (1870-1956) autobiographical memoirs (in Japanese, Jiden) published in 1955, in which Kitashima reports on his stay in Marburg in a very personal and subjective way. Like other Japanese physicians of his generation, Kitashima spent several years in Germany in order to work with the serum researcher Emil von Behring and continued his education there. The contact came through Kitashima's teacher Shibasaburô Kitasato, who had worked with Behring in Berlin on questions of immunology. The memoir gives insight into Behring's laboratory work and his relation to his "subordinates". The editors investigate to what extent Kitashima's assessment, made from a distance of fifty years, of his stay in Germany as "wasted time" was accurate, given the advantages that arose from having been part of a vibrant European scientific community, including encounters in the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and why he cultivated his contacts with Germany and the Behring family during National Socialism.

The End of Life, The Ends of Life: An Anthropological View

PubMed Central

Varisco, Daniel Martin

2012-01-01

All known human societies have a worldview that deserves to be called religion; all religions must explain death. Anthropologists study the diversity of religious systems, present and past, in order to understand what is common to humanity. Rather than starting from the view of a particular revelation or set of doctrines, the anthropologist tries to step outside his or her own subjective worldview and identify patterns in the evolution of human thinking about the reality of physical death. Are humans the only animals that are conscious of death, or do we share sentiments observable in our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees? At what point in history did the concept of an afterlife, life in some spiritual sense after physical death, appear? Is the religious explanation of life and death a mere reflection of a communal social fact, as the sociologist Emil Durkheim suggested, or a shared psychological trait, as more recent scholars assert? Can and should the modern scientist make a definitive statement about the finality of death and human consciousness? PMID:23610511

A Genealogy of Animal Diseases and Social Anthropology (1870-2000).

PubMed

Keck, Frédéric

2018-03-23

Culling, vaccinating, and monitoring animals are the three main techniques used in contemporary veterinary public health to manage animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans. Each technique is underpinned by different ontological understandings of how microbes figure in relations between humans and animals. Therefore, animal diseases are not only a question for an applied anthropology but also involve the theoretical core of the discipline: that is, understanding how social causality emerges out of physical causality. To defend this argument, the article describes what Herbert Spencer wrote about foot-and-mouth disease; what William Robertson Smith thought about sacrifice in the context of bovine tuberculosis; how Emile Durkheim took vaccination for smallpox as a metaphor for the pathologies of the social; and what Claude Lévi-Strauss wrote about mad cow disease. The conceptions of the social in the writing of these four authors are analyzed through their understanding of the risk of transmission of animal diseases to humans, moving from prevention to precaution to preparedness. © 2018 by the American Anthropological Association.

Social change, globalization and transcultural psychiatry--some considerations from a study on women and depression.

PubMed

Dech, Heike; Ndetei, David M; Machleidt, Wieland

2003-01-01

Transcultural psychiatry, whose scientific founder Emil Kraepelin is considered as, in its 100 years of tradition has not only developed a varied range of methods but has also brought about a change in the respective scientific questions as well as in related research and clinical applications. Whereas transcultural research on the psychopathology of depression contributed to the further development of psychiatric nosology, transcultural psychiatry has recently been increasingly faced with issues concerning phenomena of social change and globalization. One region, where such conditions can be observed in particular is Africa, where the dissolving of traditional standards and support systems and growing economic insecurity causes a considerable burden especially on women. As an example, results from a cross-sectional study on East African women using a two step design as well as qualitative and quantitative, standardized psychiatric methods are discussed concerning the association of social change, psycho-social risk factors and the development of depressive disorders. Efficient clinical methods towards diagnosis and treatment of new risk groups will have to be developed, of which an important aspect will be crisis intervention.

Dissipative preparation of squeezed states with ultracold atomic gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, Gentaro; Caballar, Roland Cristopher F.; Diehl, Sebastian; Mäkelä, Harri; Oberthaler, Markus

2014-05-01

We present a dissipative quantum state preparation scheme for the creation of phase- and number-squeezed states. It utilizes ultracold atoms in a double-well configuration immersed in a background BEC acting as a dissipative quantum reservoir. We derive a master equation starting from microscopic physics, and show that squeezing develops on a time scale proportional to 1 / N , where N is the number of particles in the double well. This scaling, caused by bosonic enhancement, allows us to make the time scale for the creation of squeezed states very short. Effects of the dephasing which limits the lifetime of the squeezed states can be avoided by stroboscopically switching the driving off and on. We show that this approach leads to robust stationary squeezed states. We also provide the necessary ingredients for a potential experimental implementation. NRF (No. 2012R1A1A2008028), MPS, Korea MEST, FWF (No. F4006-N16), Alfred Kordelin Foundation, Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Academy of Finland (No. 251748).

Catatonia Is not Schizophrenia: Kraepelin's Error and the Need to Recognize Catatonia as an Independent Syndrome in Medical Nomenclature

PubMed Central

Fink, Max; Shorter, Edward; Taylor, Michael A.

2010-01-01

Catatonia is a motor dysregulation syndrome described by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874. He understood catatonia as a disease of its own. Others quickly recognized it among diverse disorders, but Emil Kraepelin made it a linchpin of his concept of dementia praecox. Eugen Bleuler endorsed this singular association. During the 20th century, catatonia has been considered a type of schizophrenia. In the 1970s, American authors identified catatonia in patients with mania and depression, as a toxic response, and in general medical and neurologic illnesses. It was only occasionally found in patients with schizophrenia. When looked for, catatonia is found in 10% or more of acute psychiatric admissions. It is readily diagnosable, verifiable by a lorazepam challenge test, and rapidly treatable. Even in its most lethal forms, it responds to high doses of lorazepam or to electroconvulsive therapy. These treatments are not accepted for patients with schizophrenia. Prompt recognition and treatment saves lives. It is time to place catatonia into its own home in the psychiatric classification. PMID:19586994

The Molecular Basis of Evolution and Disease: A Cold War Alliance.

PubMed

Suárez-Díaz, Edna

2017-03-28

This paper extends previous arguments against the assumption that the study of variation at the molecular level was instigated with a view to solving an internal conflict between the balance and classical schools of population genetics. It does so by focusing on the intersection of basic research in protein chemistry and the molecular approach to disease with the enactment of global health campaigns during the Cold War period. The paper connects advances in research on protein structure and function as reflected in Christian Anfinsen's The molecular basis of evolution, with a political reading of Emilé Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling's identification of molecular disease and evolution. Beyond atomic fallout, these advances constituted a rationale for the promotion of genetic surveys of human populations in the Third World, in connection with international health programs. Light is shed not only on the experimental roots of the molecular challenge but on the broader geopolitical context where the rising role of biomedicine and public health (particularly the malaria eradication campaigns) had an impact on evolutionary biology.

The Stratéole-Vorcore experiment : a survey of the 2005 Antarctic winter polar vortex in the low stratosphere, using a flotilla of 25 superpressure balloons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cocquerez, P.; Venel, S.; Vial, F.; Mechoso, R.; Hertzog, A.; Basdevant, C.

The Stratéole-Vorcore stratospheric balloon campaign took place in September-October 2005 from McMurdo Antarctica This campaign which benefited from a very significant support from the National science Foundation as well as from the French polar institute Institut Paul Emile Victor is a joint effort of the French space agency CNES and the Laboratoire de meteorology Dynamique IPSL CNRS 27 balloons were released from 5 th of September to 28 th of October Drifting during several months at constant air density in the low stratosphere they formed a flotilla of up to 21 balloons floating simultaneously The duration of flight cumulated over the entire flotilla reached 1577 days producing more than 150 000 meteorological observations This presentation will mainly focus on the description of the ground and flight systems the launch operations and the main characteristics of the flights It will be completed by an overview of the current plans for the utilisation of this observation system for other scientific missions in the near future

The birth of the subspecialty of medical oncology and examples of its early scientific foundations.

PubMed

Band, Pierre R

2010-08-01

"Passion is not accepting defeat."--Emil Frei III. In the early 1950s, an experimental and clinical program characterized by unique cross-fertilization was developed. The clinical importance of experimental animal models in drug screening and in establishing key chemotherapy concepts and the role of the pioneers of medical oncology in the design of the various phases of drug trials, using childhood acute leukemia and breast cancer as models, are discussed. Over a short time and with only a few drugs, principles of chemotherapy were laid out, which led to cures in such diseases as childhood acute leukemia and Hodgkin's disease and to improved disease-free survival in breast cancer. It is these and other achievements that paved the way to medical oncology. At the instigation of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the American Board of Internal Medicine made inquiries about a subspecialty in oncology. ASCO and B. J. Kennedy, MD, played key roles in the events leading to the official recognition of medical oncology as a new subspecialty of internal medicine in 1972.

Goethe: A bipolar personality? Periodicity of affective states in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as reflected by Paul Julius Möbius.

PubMed

Steinberg, Holger; Schönknecht, Peter

2018-01-01

This paper aims to investigate the character and etiological basis of German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's mental disorder. From 1898, German neuropsychiatrist Paul Julius Möbius developed the hypothesis that Goethe's work provided several hints for the notion that the German poet suffered from a distinct bipolar disorder. The paper investigates Möbius's psychopathographic study on Goethe and his hypothesis of a mood periodicity in Goethe against the mirror of modern concepts. Möbius came to the conclusion that Goethe's illness was bipolar in character and became visible at intervals of seven years and lasted for about two years. The majority of Möbius's contemporary psychiatric colleagues (Emil Kraepelin, Max Isserlin, Ernst Kretschmer, Josef Breuer) supported this view which has still not been convincingly challenged. In present-day terms, Möbius's hypothesis can be best mirrored as a subclinical foundation of mood disorder. Furthermore, with his extensive study, Möbius disproved the common notion that Goethe had suffered from an illness as the result of a syphilitic infection.

History of dementia research in Bohemia and middle Europe.

PubMed

Kalvach, Pavel; Kalvach, Zdenek

2010-01-01

The clinical aspects and histopathology of dementia are best understood when based on knowledge of the historical milestones associated with its development. We studied archive materials and visited some of the psychiatric asylums that were active in Prague during the 19th century. The gradual recognition of dementia and its histological correlates on the territory of the actual Czech Republic from the 1830s are described, together with its links to Austrian, German, and other foreign psychiatry and neurology. A stepwise differentiation between inborn mental incapacity and the acquired forms occurred between 1830 and 1890. This was followed by contributions from Emil Redlich, Arnold Pick, Karel Kuffner, Oskar Fischer and others between 1890 and 1930, elucidating features of senile plaques, and shedding light on behavioral-morphological correlations and on the role of inflammatory tissue changes. These discoveries allowed the distinction between neurodegenerative causes of dementia and other etiological categories. One hundred years ago, Prague was one of the cradles from which our modern understanding of neurodegenerative dementia emerged. Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The end of life, the ends of life: an anthropological view.

PubMed

Varisco, Daniel Martin

2011-12-01

All known human societies have a worldview that deserves to be called religion; all religions must explain death. Anthropologists study the diversity of religious systems, present and past, in order to understand what is common to humanity. Rather than starting from the view of a particular revelation or set of doctrines, the anthropologist tries to step outside his or her own subjective worldview and identify patterns in the evolution of human thinking about the reality of physical death. Are humans the only animals that are conscious of death, or do we share sentiments observable in our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees? At what point in history did the concept of an afterlife, life in some spiritual sense after physical death, appear? Is the religious explanation of life and death a mere reflection of a communal social fact, as the sociologist Emil Durkheim suggested, or a shared psychological trait, as more recent scholars assert? Can and should the modern scientist make a definitive statement about the finality of death and human consciousness?

Emil Kraepelin's habilitation and his thesis: a pioneer work for modern systematic reviews, psychoimmunological research and categories of psychiatric diseases.

PubMed

Steinberg, Holger; Himmerich, Hubertus

2013-05-01

Although Kraepelin and his oeuvre have been in scientific focus over the past decades, main aspects have still been neglected. Thus the exact circumstances under which and on what topic Kraepelin wrote his habilitation thesis and qualified as university lecturer (in Germany the prerequisite to be appointed as professor) are still widely unknown. This study reconstructs his habilitation at the Medical Faculty of Leipzig University in 1882. The study reveals the difficulties he had to habilitate on a topic from Wilhelm Wundt's experimental psychology and the opposition he faced from Paul Flechsig. Yet Kraepelin succeeded, mainly due to a positive review by neurologist Wilhelm Erb on his study "On the Influence of Acute Diseases on the Development of Mental Illnesses" (1881/82). This work must be regarded as his actual habilitation thesis. It provides an update of organic psychiatric disorders following acute inflammatory diseases and a meta-analysis on the basis of raw data. In addition it discusses possibilities to categorize and understand the pathophysiological mechanism of these disorders and to classify them into those appearing when the fever rises and those occurring when it falls, which has a high impact from a very modern psychoimmunological viewpoint.

Proven clean coal technology at work: The Provence 250 MW CFB boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lucat, P.; Jacquet, L.; Roulet, V.

The successful start-up, in the last months of 1995, of the 250 MW Provence/Gardanne unit represents a significant milestone in the development of atmospheric Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers for power stations. This high performance unit (over 700 tonnes/hour of steam at 169 bar, 567 C, with reheat at 566 C) has been in operation since April 1996. It is the first CFB boiler in the world to reach such a capacity. CFB boilers, with their excellent SO{sub 2} and NOx emission control capability, are today recognized as a very attractive Clean Coal Technology, particularly because of their simplicity. Themore » Provence/Gardanne project is part of a French development program for large CFB boilers which has been elaborated in the perspective of domestic applications (mainly future semi-base load units) and of the overseas market. It responds to the converging interests of Electricite de France (EDF), Charbonnages de France (CdF)and GEC ALSTHOM Stein Industrie. Besides comprehensive R and D-type investigations aiming at an in-depth understanding of the CFB process and preparing for future scale-up and development, this program has already been marked by two outstanding commercial repowering projects: a 125 MW unit, in operation since 1990 at the Emile Huchet Power Station, and the 250 MW Provence unit. These boilers have been designed and supplied by GEC ALSTHOM Stein Industrie in the framework of their long standing cooperation with Lurgi, a pioneer of the CFB process. The main components are: (1) Furnace; (2) Cyclone; (3) Back-pass; (4) Ash cooler; (5) External Heat Exchanger. However, a brief discussion of some key design options affecting bed performance is necessary to better understand this technology. The paper describes the design of the system, the retrofitting project at Emile Huchet/Carling, and then gives background information on the Provence/Gardanne retrofit, describing SO{sub 2} emissions, the 250 MW boiler, and results from the performance

[Civil status and suicide].

PubMed

Gaxiola-Robles, Ramón; Bitzer-Quintero, Oscar Kurt; García-González, Adolfo; Celis-de la Rosa, Alfredo

2009-01-01

To determine if civil status acts as a risk factor in suicide and how it modifies according to gender, age and population size. A retrospective study which analyzes information from the mortality data from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Information, from 1998 to 2002. Variables like suicides age, sex, cause of death, federal entity, population size and civil status were registered. Single men showed twofold risk for committing suicide. Women did not show any associated risk for suicide according to civil status. The risk of married men for committing suicide increased gradually with age. Medium-sized communities with less than 19,999 habitants presented the highest risk for habitants to commit suicide. Suicide is associated to gender especially to men who are not married and living in small and medium-sized communities. One explanation could be the lack of integrated behavior as defined by Emile Durkheim, where the physical density of society will determine behavior and ideas. This social structure phenomenon is called the "moral cocoon." This works around the individual being less individualistic and granting him/her the feeling of belonging to a group.

The authority of complexity.

PubMed

Stehr, N; Grundmann, R

2001-06-01

The assertion about the unique 'complexity' or the peculiarly intricate character of social phenomena has, at least within sociology, a long, venerable and virtually uncontested tradition. At the turn of the last century, classical social theorists, for example, Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim, made prominent and repeated reference to this attribute of the subject matter of sociology and the degree to which it complicates, even inhibits the develop and application of social scientific knowledge. Our paper explores the origins, the basis and the consequences of this assertion and asks in particular whether the classic complexity assertion still deserves to be invoked in analyses that ask about the production and the utilization of social scientific knowledge in modern society. We present John Maynard Keynes' economic theory and its practical applications as an illustration. We conclude that the practical value of social scientific knowledge is not dependent on a faithful, in the sense of complete, representation of social reality. Instead, social scientific knowledge that wants to optimize its practicality has to attend and attach itself to elements of social situations that can be altered or are actionable.

A history of anxiety: from Hippocrates to DSM.

PubMed

Crocq, Marc-Antoine

2015-09-01

This article describes the history of the nosology of anxiety disorders. Greek and Latin physicians and philosophers distinguished anxiety from other types of negative affect, and identified it as a medical disorder. Ancient Epicurean and Stoic philosophers suggested techniques to reach an anxiety-free state of mind that are reminiscent of modern cognitive psychology. Between classical antiquity and the late 19(th) century there was a long interval during which anxiety was not classified as a separate illness. However, typical cases of anxiety disorders kept being reported, even if under different names. In the 17(th) century, Robert Burton described anxiety in The Anatomy of Melancholy. Panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorder may be recognized in the "panophobias" in the nosology published by Boissier de Sauvages in the 18(th) century. Also, anxiety symptoms were an important component of new disease constructs, culminating in neurasthenia in the 19(th) century. Emil Kraepelin devoted much attention to the possible presence of severe anxiety in manic-depressive illness, thereby anticipating the "anxious distress" specifier of bipolar disorders in DSM-5. A pitfall to consider is that the meaning of common medical terms, such as melancholia, evolves according to places and epochs.

Limitless as a neuro-pharmaceutical experiment and as a Daseinsanalyse: on the use of fiction in preparatory debates on cognitive enhancement.

PubMed

Zwart, Hub

2014-02-01

Limitless is a movie (released in 2011) as well as a novel (published in 2001) about a tormented author who (plagued by a writer's block) becomes an early user of an experimental designer drug. The wonder drug makes him highly productive overnight and even allows him to make a fortune on the stock market. At the height of his career, however, the detrimental side-effects become increasingly noticeable. In this article, Limitless is analysed from two perspectives. First of all, building on the views of the French novelist Emile Zola, the novel is seen as the report of a closely monitored experiment. Subsequently, building on the phenomenology of Ludwig Binswanger, I will show how the cognitive enhancement drug not only boosts the protagonist's information processing capacities, but also modifies his experience of space and time, his sense of spatiality, his way of being-in-the-world. On the basis of these (complementary) analyses I will indicate how genres of the imagination (such as movies and novels) may play a significant role in assessing the societal implications of emerging technological developments such as neuro-enhancement, especially during the preparatory or anticipatory stage.

[The dawn of radiotherapy, between strokes of genius, dramas and controversies].

PubMed

Cosset, J-M

2016-10-01

Radiotherapy is 120 years old. A few months only after the discoveries of Roentgen, Becquerel and Marie and Pierre Curie, a few scientists tried to use the newly discovered rays to treat patients. The question of the name of the first "radiation therapist" remains debated. Although often proposed, Emil Grubbé from Chicago seems to have been disqualified. Leopold Freund from Vienna treated a benign cutaneous lesion. Finally, Victor Despeignes from Lyon appears to be the most serious candidate, having treated in 1896 a gastric cancer, and obtaining a very significant tumour regression. The pioneers of radiotherapy paid a heavy tribute to the development of the specialty; a number of them appears on the - most probably incomplete - list of 352 names engraved on the monument dedicated to the "radiation martyrs" in Hamburg. We must keep in mind that it is only within a few years that a handful of brilliant pioneers built the foundations on which radiotherapy could emerge. Copyright © 2016 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

[The history of the concept of vital force].

PubMed

Lohff, B

1981-12-01

This article deals with the term "Lebenskraft - vital force' from the terminological point of view (life vs. force), as well as from the historical one-(1774-1848), also considering the place this term occupies in colloquial speech. This term, however, first introduced into medicine by Kasimir Medicus in 1774, cannot be defined in a philosophical sense. Historically though, it can be proved that four different starting positions have caused the different ways of interpreting this "vital force'. Alongside the physical interpretations, i.e. the impossibility of a perpetuum mobile, there were some reflections on the chemical mode of action (chemical dynamism, J.Chr. Reil). Another aspect developed from the irritability concept (G.R. Treviranus); furthermore a special interpretation resulted from the microcosmos-macrocosmos-analogy (Fr.L. Augustin). Thus these different positions had influenced the investigations carried out in the fields of biochemistry, neuro-physiology and comparative anatomy. Since the investigations of Emil Du Bois-Reymond and his articles on "Lebenskraft' the term and the hypothesis of vital force was no longer of scientific importance. The term lived on in colloquial speech and thus became a characteristic of the difference between a scientific and non scientific approach to life.

[German research institute/Max-Planck Institute for psychiatry].

PubMed

Ploog, D

1999-12-01

The Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie (DFA, German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich was founded in 1917 bel Emil Kraepelin. For a long time it was the only institution in Germany entirely devoted to psychiatric research. Because of its strictly science-oriented and multidisciplinary approach it also became a model for institutions elsewhere. Kraepelin's ideas have certainly had a strong influence on psychiatry in the twentieth century. The fascinating and instructive history of the DFA reflects the central issues and determinants of psychiatric research. First, talented individuals are needed to conduct such research, and there was no lack in this regard. Second, the various topics chosen are dependent on the available methods and resources. And finally, the issues addressed and the ethical standards of the researchers are heavily dependent on the zeitgeist, as is evident in the three epochs of research at the DFA, from 1917 to 1933, from 1933 to 1945, and from the postwar period to the present. With the introduction of molecular biology and neuroimaging techniques into psychiatric research a change in paradigm took place and a new phase of the current epoch began.

Huschke's anterior external auditory canal foramen: art before medicine?

PubMed

Pirsig, Wolfgang; Mudry, Albert

2015-03-01

During the Renaissance, several anatomic details were described with a degree of exactness, which would stand the test of time. One example is the foramen in the anteroinferior wall of the external auditory canal, eponymously named after the German anatomist, Emil Huschke, who described it in 1844. However, the first clearly medical observation of this foramen was published by the French physician Jean Riolan the Younger in 1648. After a short excursion into some paleopathologic findings of this foramen in skulls of the Early Bronze Age and of pre-Columbian Peruvian populations, this article follows the traces of the early medical descriptions and depictions of the foramen up until the 19th century. They are connected with the names of Duverney (1683), Cassebohm (1734), Lincke (1837), Huschke (1844); Humphry (1858), von Troeltsch (1860), and especially Buerkner (1878). Surprisingly, the earliest exact depiction of the foramen in the auditory canal of a skull was found in the oil painting Saint Jerome in his study by the Flemish artist Marinus Claeszon van Reymerswaele. He depicted the foramen in the period between 1521 and 1541, a hundred years before Riolan the Younger.

The quest for an absolute chronology in human prehistory: anthropologists, chemists and the fluorine dating method in palaeoanthropology.

PubMed

Goodrum, Matthew R; Olson, Cora

2009-03-01

By the early twentieth century there was a growing need within palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology to find a way of dating fossils and artefacts in order to know the age of specific specimens, but more importantly to establish an absolute chronology for human prehistory. The radiocarbon and potassium-argon dating methods revolutionized palaeoanthropology during the last half of the twentieth century. However, prior to the invention of these methods there were attempts to devise chemical means of dating fossil bone. Collaborations between Emile Rivière and Adolphe Carnot in the 1890s led to the development of the fluorine dating method, but it was not until the 1940s that this method was improved and widely implemented by Kenneth Oakley to resolve a number of problems in palaeoanthropology, including the Piltdown Man controversy. The invention of the fluorine dating method marked a significant advance in the quest for absolute dating in palaeoanthropology, but it also highlights interesting problems and issues relating to the ability of palaeoanthropologists and chemists to bring together different skills and bodies of knowledge in order successfully to develop and apply the fluorine dating method.

[Temperament and affective disorders--historical basis of current discussion].

PubMed

Ehrt, U; Brieger, P; Marneros, A

2003-06-01

The history of the temperament concept begins in ancient Greece. The humoral theory remained influential over the centuries. At the beginning of the 20 th century, both Wilhelm Wundt and his pupil Emil Kraepelin formulated new aspects. Wundt described two dimensions: "speed of variability of emotions" and "intensity of emotions". Kraepelin observed four fundamental states (depressive, manic, irritable and cyclothymic), which he linked to manic-depressive illness. Since then different lines of temperament research have evolved: (1) psychiatric-psychopathological theories (e. g. Ewald, Kretschmer and Sheldon), which tend to see temperament as a dilution of full-blown affective disorders; (2) neurobiological theories (e. g. Pavlov, Eysenck and Gray), which understand temperament as determined by underlying neurobiological processes - especially levels of arousal; and (3) developmental theories (e. g. Chess & Thomas, Rothbart and Kagan), which derived their temperament concept from early childhood observations. Recent theories (e. g. those of Cloninger or Akiskal) combine different aspects. After reviewing the historical temperament concepts we present underlying factors which are linked to affective disorders (such as emotional reactivity, cyclicity or trait affectivity). Finally, we illustrate the importance of temperament concepts for research in affective disorders.

Coherent anti-phasing between solar forcing and tropical Pacific climate over the past millennium: derivation and implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emile-Geay, J.; Cobb, K.; Mann, M. E.; Wittenberg, A. T.

2011-12-01

Using a compilation of the most recent, high-resolution proxy data from the tropics, and a state-of-the-art climate reconstruction technique (RegEM iTTLS; Emile-Geay et al, submitted), we reconstruct sea-surface temperature (SST) in the central equatorial Pacific (NINO3.4 region) over the past millennium. Using frozen network experiments and pseudoproxy validation, the reconstruction is found skillful back to 1150 C.E., with inevitable amplitude reduction before 1500 C.E. due to the paucity of proxy predictors. Despite this caveat, wavelet coherency analysis reveals a marked anticorrelation between solar forcing (as estimated from cosmogenic isotope concentrations; Bard et al., 2007; Steinhilber et al., 2009) and the reconstructed NINO3.4 in the ~sim205-year spectral range (DeVries cycle). The phase angle between both signals is 156 ± 33o in this range, indicating that periods of high solar irradiance coincide with cool conditions in the NINO3.4 region, with time lag of 14 ± 19 years. We find this result robust to the reconstruction method, estimate of solar forcing, or analysis method used to estimate the phasing. We then discuss the implication of this result for the response of tropical Pacific climate to radiative forcing. While the anti-phasing seems to favor the ``ocean dynamical thermostat'' hypothesis of Clement et al [1996], this feedback appears subdued in most IPCC-class coupled general circulation models (CGCMs), where it is almost completely compensated by changes in the Pacific trade winds, linked to changes in the vertical structures of atmospheric moisture and temperature (Knutson & Manabe 1995; Held & Soden 2006; Vecchi et al. 2006). If the reconstruction is correct that past NINO3.4 SSTs have varied out of phase with solar irradiance on bicentennial scales, this would pose a new challenge both for CGCM simulations and for our understanding of the equatorial Pacific response to radiative forcing Clement, A. C., Seager, R., Cane, M. A., and Zebiak

Molecular anthropology in the genomic era.

PubMed

Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Jobling, Mark A; Rocha, Jorge; Novembre, John; Richards, Martin B; Mulligan, Connie; Batini, Chiara; Manni, Franz

2010-01-01

Molecular Anthropology is a relatively young field of research. In fact, less than 50 years have passed since the symposium "Classification and Human Evolution" (1962, Burg Wartenstein, Austria), where the term was formally introduced by Emil Zuckerkandl. In this time, Molecular Anthropology has developed both methodologically and theoretically and extended its applications, so covering key aspects of human evolution such as the reconstruction of the history of human populations and peopling processes, the characterization of DNA in extinct humans and the role of adaptive processes in shaping the genetic diversity of our species. In the current scientific panorama, molecular anthropologists have to face a double challenge. As members of the anthropological community, we are strongly committed to the integration of biological findings and other lines of evidence (e.g. linguistic and archaeological), while keeping in line with methodological innovations which are moving the approach from the genetic to the genomic level. In this framework, the meeting "DNA Polymorphisms in Human Populations: Molecular Anthropology in the Genomic Era" (Rome, December 3-5, 2009) offered an opportunity for discussion among scholars from different disciplines, while paying attention to the impact of recent methodological innovations. Here we present an overview of the meeting and discuss perspectives and prospects of Molecular Anthropology in the genomic era.

Classical sociology and cosmopolitanism: a critical defence of the social.

PubMed

Turner, Bryan S

2006-03-01

It is frequently argued that classical sociology, if not sociology as a whole, cannot provide any significant insight into globalization, primarily because its assumptions about the nation-state, national cultures and national societies are no longer relevant to a global world. Sociology cannot consequently contribute to a normative debate about cosmopolitanism, which invites us to consider loyalties and identities that reach beyond the nation-state. My argument considers four principal topics. First, I defend the classical legacy by arguing that classical sociology involved the study of 'the social' not national societies. This argument is illustration by reference to Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. Secondly, Durkheim specifically developed the notion of a cosmopolitan sociology to challenge the nationalist assumptions of his day. Thirdly, I attempt to develop a critical version of Max Weber's verstehende soziologie to consider the conditions for critical recognition theory in sociology as a necessary precondition of cosmopolitanism. Finally, I consider the limitations of some contemporary versions of global sociology in the example of 'flexible citizenship' to provide an empirical case study of the limitations of globalization processes and 'sociology beyond society'. While many institutions have become global, some cannot make this transition. Hence, we should consider the limitations on as well as the opportunities for cosmopolitan sociology.

Gallium--A smart metal

USGS Publications Warehouse

Foley, Nora; Jaskula, Brian W.

2013-01-01

Gallium is a soft, silvery metallic element with an atomic number of 31 and the chemical symbol Ga. The French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered gallium in sphalerite (a zinc-sulfide mineral) in 1875 using spectroscopy. He named the element "gallia" after his native land of France (formerly Gaul; in Latin, Gallia). The existence of gallium had been predicted in 1871 by Dmitri Mendeleev, the Russian chemist who published the first periodic table of the elements. Mendeleev noted a gap in his table and named the missing element "eka-aluminum" because he determined that its location was one place away from aluminum in the table. Mendeleev thought that the missing element (gallium) would be very much like aluminum in its chemical properties, and he was right. Solid gallium has a low melting temperature (~29 degrees Celsius, or °C) and an unusually high boiling point (~2,204 °C). Because of these properties, the earliest uses of gallium were in high-temperature thermometers and in designing metal alloys that melt easily. The development of a gallium-based direct band-gap semiconductor in the 1960s led to what is now one of the most well-known applications for gallium-based products--the manufacture of smartphones and data-centric networks.

Integrated Digital Platform for the Valorization of a Cultural Landscape

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angheluţǎ, L. M.; Ratoiu, L.; Chelmus, A. I.; Rǎdvan, R.; Petculescu, A.

2017-05-01

This paper presents a newly started demonstrative project regarding the implementation and validation of an interdisciplinary research model for the Aluniş-Bozioru (Romania) cultural landscape, with the development of an online interactive digital product. This digital product would provide complementary data about the historical monuments and their environment, and also, constant updates and statistical comparison in order to generate an accurate evaluation of the state of conservation for this specific cultural landscape. Furthermore, the resulted information will contribute in the decision making process for the regional development policies. The project is developed by an interdisciplinary joint team of researchers consisted of technical scientists with great experience in advanced non-invasive characterization of the cultural heritage (NIRD for Optoelectronics - INOE 2000) and a group of experts from geology and biology (Romanian Academy's "Emil Racoviţǎ" Institute of Speleology - ISER). Resulted scientific data will include: 3D digital models of the selected historical monuments, microclimate monitoring, Ground Penetrating Radar survey, airborne LIDAR, multispectral and thermal imaging, soil and rock characterization, environmental studies. This digital product is constituted by an intuitive website with a database that allows data corroboration, visualization and comparison of the 3D digital models, as well as a digital mapping in the GIS system.

From poison to remedy: the chequered history of botulinum toxin.

PubMed

Erbguth, F J

2008-01-01

Botulinum toxin poisoning has afflicted mankind through the mists of time. However, the first incident of food-borne botulism was documented as late as the 18th century, when the consumption of meat and blood sausages gave rise to many deaths throughout the kingdom of Württemberg in South Western Germany. The district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786--1862), who was also a well-known German poet, published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822 and attributed the intoxication to a biological poison. Kerner also postulated that the toxin might be used for treatment purposes. In 1895, an outbreak of botulism in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen "Clostridium botulinum" by Emile Pierre van Ermengem. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz in the early 1970s, when the type-A serotype was used in medicine to correct strabismus. Other preparations of the type-A toxin were developed and manufactured in the United Kingdom, Germany, and China, whereas a therapeutic type-B toxin was prepared in the United States. To date, the toxin has been used to treat a wide variety of conditions associated with muscular hyperactivity, glandular hypersecretions and pain.

Dilemmas of 19th-century Liberalism among German Academic Chemists: Shaping a National Science Policy from Hofmann to Fischer, 1865-1919.

PubMed

Johnson, Jeffrey Allan

2015-04-01

This paper's primary goal is to compare the personalities, values, and influence of August Wilhelm Hofmann and Emil Fischer as exemplars and acknowledged leaders of successive generations of the German chemical profession and as scientists sharing a 19th-century liberal, internationalist outlook from the German wars of unification in the 1860s to Fischer's death in 1919 in the aftermath of German defeat in World War I. The paper will consider the influence of Hofmann and Fischer on the shaping of national scientific institutions in Germany, from founding of the German Chemical Society in 1867 to the first institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society founded in 1911, their academic leadership in other areas including the shaping of a successful academic-industrial symbiosis in organic chemistry, and finally their response to war as a force disruptive of scientific internationalism. All of these developments posed serious dilemmas, exacerbated by emerging strains of nationalism and anti-Semitism in German society. Whereas Hofmann's lifework came to a relatively successful end in 1892, Fischer was not so fortunate, as the war brought him heavy responsibilities and terrible personal losses, but with no German victory and no peace of reconciliation--a bleak end for Fischer and the 19th-century liberal ideals that had inspired him.

Genetic Kinship Investigation from Blood Groups to DNA Markers

PubMed Central

Geserick, Gunther; Wirth, Ingo

2012-01-01

The forensic application of hereditary characteristics became possible after the discovery of human blood groups by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. The foundation for their use in kinship investigation was laid by Emil von Dungern and Ludwig Hirschfeld in 1910 by clarification of the inheritance of the ABO groups. Up to the middle of the 20th century further red cell membrane systems were discovered. From the 1920s Fritz Schiff and Georg Strassmann fought for the introduction of blood groups into forensic kinship investigation. A new era of hemogenetics was opened from 1955 as genetic polymorphisms were described in serum proteins. Starting in 1958 there followed the complex HLA system of white blood cells, which from 1963 was joined by polymophisms in erythrocyte enzymes. Therefore, from the 1980s, it was possible to clarify the majority of kinship cases with a combination of conventional markers. From 1990 to 2000 the conventional markers were gradually replaced by the more effective DNA markers. Simultaneously typing shifted from the phenotype level to the genotype level. The genomic structure of conventional genetic markers could also now be explained. As a reflection of scientific progress the legal situation also changed, particularly in the form of the official guidelines for kinship investigation. PMID:22851931

Exploration of the strength of family links

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richmond, Peter; Roehner, Bertrand M.

2018-07-01

Ever since the studies of Louis-Adolphe Bertillon in the late 19th century it has been known that marital status and number of children markedly affect death and suicide rates. This led in 1898 Emile Durkheim to conjecture a connection between social isolation (especially at family level) and suicide. However, further progress was long hampered by the limited statistical data available from death certificates. Recently, it was shown by the present authors that disability data from census records can be used as a reliable substitute for mortality data. This opens a new route to investigations of family ties because census information goes much beyond the limited data reported on death certificates. It is shown that the disability rate of adults decreases when they have more family links. More precisely, the reduction of the parents' disability brought about by the presence of a child reveals that the strength of ties between parents and child is highest in the first year after birth and then weakens steadily as the child ages. It will also be seen that the strength of the bond between husband and wife is highest when they are of same age and decreases fairly steadily when the age gap increases.

Contribution of physiologists to the identification of the humoral component of immunity in the 19th century

PubMed Central

Lahaie, Yves-Marie

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The history of antimicrobial humoral immunity usually focuses on the works of the German school at the end of the 19th century, born in the tradition of chemistry and disinfection. Starting from an old quarrel of priority about serotherapy between Emil von Behring (1854–1917) and the French physiologists Charles Richet (1850–1935) and Jules Héricourt (1850–1938), we first confirm that the latter stated the principle of serotherapy in 1888 and put it into practice before the seminal Behring's article in 1890, observing several adverse effects of this new immunotherapy. We also find that researchers who can be considered heirs of the French school of Physiology founded by Claude Bernard (1813–1878) also investigated the field of humoral immunity in the 1870–1880s. Maurice Raynaud (1834–1881), Auguste Chauveau (1827–1917), and eventually Charles Richet applied the experimental method of Claude Bernard to the young field of microbiology, illustrating a movement called by Jacques Léonard “physiologization of the pasteurism.” However, the contribution of physiologists in this field started before Louis Pasteur, leading to the conclusion that physiologists and chemists synergistically contributed to the birth of bacteriology and immunology. PMID:28557665

Kraepelin and degeneration theory.

PubMed

Hoff, Paul

2008-06-01

Emil Kraepelin's contribution to the clinical and scientific field of psychiatry is recognized world-wide. In recent years, however, there have been a number of critical remarks on his acceptance of degeneration theory in particular and on his political opinion in general, which was said to have carried "overtones of proto-fascism" by Michael Shepherd [28]. The present paper discusses the theoretical cornerstones of Kraepelinian psychiatry with regard to their relevance for Kraepelin's attitude towards degeneration theory. This theory had gained wide influence not only in scientific, but also in philosophical and political circles in the last decades of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that Kraepelin, on the one hand, accepted and implemented degeneration theory into the debate on etiology and pathogenesis of mental disorders. On the other hand, it is not appropriate to draw a simple and direct line from early versions of degeneration theory to the crimes of psychiatrists and politicians during the rule of national socialism. What we need, is a differentiated view, since this will be the only scientific one. Much research needs to be done here in the future, and such research will surely have a significant impact not only on the historical field, but also on the continuous debate about psychiatry, neuroscience and neurophilosophy.

[out of scope].

PubMed

Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard

2008-01-01

The paper discusses several still unsettled and not systematically investigated questions concerning the situation of Jewish scientists, among them mathematicians, in the Republic of Weimar. Contemporary statements by the well-known leftist and liberal journalists Carl von Ossietzky (1932) and Rudolf Olden (1934) are used to describe the general political situation. A wide-spread feeling of a social and political crisis and changes and perturbations in international scientific communication provide explanatory background for the conditions within academia in the 1920s. A comparison of appointments of Jewish mathematicians to full professorships before and after World War I does not give significant differences. Attitudes of Jewish mathematicians such as Felix Bernstein, Richard Courant, Emil Julius Gumbel, Edmund Landau, Richard von Mises, Johann von Neumann and Adolf A. Fraenkel, but also of non-Jewish mathematicians such as Felix Klein, Walther von Dyck and Theodor Vahlen will be discussed, providing some unpublished material. One statement by Felix Klein (1920), which shows his undecided stance with respect to the problem of anti-Semitism, and an excerpt from Richard von Mises' diary (1933), where he reflects on his status as a Jewish mathematician and as a refugee, are particularly valuable as points of reference for necessary further research.

Deglacial 'ping-pong' between East Asian Monsoon, North Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation, and sediment dynamics along the deep northern South China Sea margin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarnthein, M.

2011-12-01

On the basis of marine and speleothem paleoclimate records it is widely accepted that the East Asian summer monsoon was strongly reduced during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS-1) such as during preceding stadials. Accordingly, Eastern Asia suffered from severe aridity from 17.4 - 14.7 ka, when all great Asian rivers from the Mekong in the south up to the Amur in the north almost ceased flowing into the Western Pacific. Today, the modern freshwater input of these rivers sums up to approx. 0.165 Sverdrups (in addition to the river discharge from Canada and Alaska), a flow possibly similar to the meltwater outbreaks that induced Atlantic Heinrich stadials. The East Asian freshwater feeds the Kuroshio/Oyashio Currents which act as "rain gutter" and finally discharge the freshwater up to the subarctic North Pacific (sensu Emile-Geay, et al., 2003). Indeed, the great reduction in both the fluvial freshwater discharge and the direct monsoon precipitation over the N.W. Pacific during HS-1 matched a significant rise in sea surface salinity in the subarctic North Pacific. Most important, it was precisely coeval with a thousand-year long pulse of North Pacific deep-water convection down to >3600 m water depth. This event obviously reflects a direct response to the great reduction in East Asian monsoon precipitation and is inferred from a major reduction of planktic reservoir ages from 1150 to 300 yr in the northwest Pacific and in particular, from an abrupt reduction of benthic ventilation ages by 1500 yr and a prominent minimum in bottom water alkalinity inferred from minimum delta11B, that suggests intensive vertical downmixing. The ventilated North Pacific deep waters, in turn, probably formed a western boundary current per analogy to that along the modern West Atlantic margin and finally entered the South China Sea with a lag of centuries. Today the track of the Pacific inflow can be traced along the northern margin of the South China Sea near 2000 m water depth by means of

FOREWORD: 7th Symposium on Vacuum-based Science and Technology (SVBST2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulbiński, W.

2014-11-01

These are the proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Vacuum based Science and Technology organized in Kołobrzeg (PL) on November 19-21, 2013 by the Institute of Technology and Education, Koszalin University of Technology and the Clausius Tower Society under auspices of the Polish Vacuum Society (PTP) and the German Vacuum Society (DVG) and in collaboration with the BalticNet PlasmaTec and the Society of Vacuum Coaters (SVC). It was accompanied by the 12-th Annual Meeting of the German Vacuum Society. The mission of the Symposium is to provide a forum for presentation and exchange of expertise and research results in the field of vacuum and plasma science. After already six successful meetings organized alternately in Poland and Germany our goal is to continue and foster cooperation within the vacuum and plasma science community. This year, the Rudolf-Jaeckel Prize, awarded by the DVG for outstanding achievements in the field of vacuum based sciences, was presented to Dr Ute Bergner, president of the VACOM Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik GmbH and a member of our community. The full-day course organized in the framework of the Educational Program by the Society of Vacuum Coaters (SVC) and entitled: An Introduction to Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processes was held on November 18, 2013 as a satellite event of the Symposium. The instructor was Prof. Ismat Shah from Delaware University (US). The Clausius Session, already traditionally organized during the Symposium was addressed this year to young generation. We invited our young colleagues to attend a series of educational lectures reporting on achievements in graphene science, scanning probe microscopy and plasma science. Lectures were given by: Prof. Jacek Baranowski from the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology in Warsaw, Prof. Teodor Gotszalk from the Wroclaw University of Technology and Prof. Holger Kersten from the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel. The Symposium was accompanied by an industry

Zika in Twitter: Temporal Variations of Locations, Actors, and Concepts.

PubMed

Stefanidis, Anthony; Vraga, Emily; Lamprianidis, Georgios; Radzikowski, Jacek; Delamater, Paul L; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Pfoser, Dieter; Croitoru, Arie; Crooks, Andrew

2017-04-20

contributes to advancing our understanding of social media discourse during a public health emergency of international concern. ©Anthony Stefanidis, Emily Vraga, Georgios Lamprianidis, Jacek Radzikowski, Paul L Delamater, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Dieter Pfoser, Arie Croitoru, Andrew Crooks. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 20.04.2017.

Nobel prizes: contributions to cardiology.

PubMed

Mesquita, Evandro Tinoco; Marchese, Luana de Decco; Dias, Danielle Warol; Barbeito, Andressa Brasil; Gomes, Jonathan Costa; Muradas, Maria Clara Soares; Lanzieri, Pedro Gemal; Gismondi, Ronaldo Altenburg

2015-08-01

The Nobel Prize was created by Alfred Nobel. The first prize was awarded in 1901 and Emil Adolf von Behring was the first laureate in medicine due to his research in diphtheria serum. Regarding cardiology, Nobel Prize's history permits a global comprehension of progress in pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapeutics of various cardiac diseases in last 120 years. The objective of this study was to review the major scientific discoveries contemplated by Nobel Prizes that contributed to cardiology. In addition, we also hypothesized why Carlos Chagas, one of our most important scientists, did not win the prize in two occasions. We carried out a non-systematic review of Nobel Prize winners, selecting the main studies relevant to heart diseaseamong the laureates. In the period between 1901 and 2013, 204 researches and 104 prizes were awarded in Nobel Prize, of which 16 (15%) studies were important for cardiovascular area. There were 33 (16%) laureates, and two (6%) were women. Fourteen (42%) were American, 15 (45%) Europeans and four (13%) were from other countries. There was only one winner born in Brazil, Peter Medawar, whose career was all in England. Reviewing the history of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine area made possible to identify which researchers and studies had contributed to advances in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most winners were North Americans and Europeans, and male.

Bad little girls.

PubMed

Maggini, Carlo

2008-04-01

The characters, in little girl style, who more and more often appear in advertisements, glossy magazines, television programs and megastores, and who can be encountered in the streets of many cities, are not the product of an ephimerous fashion dictated by the logic of the market. They come from far away, disquieting and erotic, and have crossed all the cultures of the western world, fascinating and disconcerting the soul with their power of seduction. They are the nymphs of Greek mythology, and not even the gods were able to resist them, knowing very well that their bodies are a place of knowledge that could lead to insanity. The paradox of the nymph is that possessing her means being possessed. After an overview of the myth of possession by nymphs, the author discusses certain illustrious figures of western culture of the 19th and 20th century possessed by a nymph: Aby Warburg, Martin Heidegger, Carl Gustav Jung, Henrik Ibsen and Emil Cioran. In all of them the possession by a nymph unfolded in keeping with the myth: intellectual fervor was common to all, insanity in Warburg, rapacious egotism in Heidegger and Jung, and a metamorphosis of Weltanshaung in Ibsen and Cioran. Nonetheless, they all, in their encounter with a nymph, laid bare their multifaceted identities, the muddy depths and the "heart of darkness" of their souls.

Trapped atom number in millimeter-scale magneto-optical traps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoth, Gregory W.; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Kitching, John

2012-06-01

For compact cold-atom instruments, it is desirable to trap a large number of atoms in a small volume to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. In MOTs with beam diameters of a centimeter or larger, the slowing force is roughly constant versus velocity and the trapped atom number scales as d^4. For millimeter-scale MOTs formed from pyramidal reflectors, a d^6 dependence has been observed [Pollack et al., Opt. Express 17, 14109 (2009)]. A d^6 scaling is expected for small MOTs, where the slowing force is proportional to the atom velocity. For a 1 mm diameter MOT, a d^6 scaling results in 10 atoms, and the difference between a d^4 and a d^6 dependence corresponds to a factor of 1000 in atom number and a factor of 30 in the signal-to-noise ratio. We have observed >10^4 atoms in 1 mm diameter MOTs, consistent with a d^4 dependence. We are currently performing measurements for sub-mm MOTs to determine where the d^4 to d^6 crossover occurs in our system. We are also exploring MOTs based on linear polarization, which can potentially produce stronger slowing forces due to stimulated emission [Emile et al., Europhys. Lett. 20, 687 (1992)]. It may be possible to trap more atoms in small volumes with this method, since high intensities can be easily achieved.

ESCAPE : a first step to high resolution solar coronagraphy in Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damé, L.; Abe, L.; Faurobert, M.; Fineschi, S.; Kuzin, S.; Lamy, P.; Meftah, M.; Vives, S.

2012-06-01

The Dome C high plateau is unique for coronagraphic observations: sky brightness is reduced, water vapour is low, seeing is excellent and continuity of observations on several weeks is possible. ESCAPE (the Extreme Solar Coronagraphy Antarctic Program Experiment) will perform 2-dimensional spectroscopy of the forbidden line of FeXIV at 530.285 nm: precise line profile analysis will allow the diagnostic of the nature of waves by simultaneous measurements of velocities and intensities in the corona. ESCAPE is proposed to Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) for a campaign in 2012-2013 at Dome C/Concordia since all subsystems are available in particular thanks to an ESA STARTIGER 2010 R&D "Toward a New Generation of Formation Flying Coronagraph". Using state-of-the-art technologies developed for Space missions (a Three Mirrors Anastigmat telescope, the TMA, a 4 stages Liquid Crystal Tunable-filter Polarimeter, the LCTP) allows us to propose an automated Coronal Green Line full-field Polarimeter for unique observations (waves nature and intensity to address coronal heating) with the best possible performances on Earth and for preparing and testing the technologies for the next steps in Space. No other site would allow such coronagraphic performances (the sky brightness is a factor 2 to 4 better than in Hawaï) and with high spatial resolution (better than an arcsec is possible).

Interannual variability of the early summer circulation around the Balearic Islands: Driving factors and potential effects on the marine ecosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balbín, R.; López-Jurado, J. L.; Flexas, M. M.; Reglero, P.; Vélez-Velchí, P.; González-Pola, C.; Rodríguez, J. M.; García, A.; Alemany, F.

2014-10-01

Six summer surveys conducted from 2001 to 2005 and in 2012 by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) reveal that the hydrographic early summer scenarios around the Balearic Islands are related to the winter atmospheric forcing in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean Sea) lie at the transition between the southern, fresher, newly arrived Atlantic Waters (AWs) and the northern, saltier, resident AW. The meridional position of the salinity driven oceanic density front separating the new from the resident AW is determined by the presence/absence of Western Intermediate Water (WIW) in the Mallorca and Ibiza channels. When WIW is present in the channels, the oceanic density front is found either at the south of the islands, or along the Emile Baudot escarpment. In contrast, when WIW is absent, new AW progresses northwards crossing the Ibiza channel and/or the Mallorca channel. In this later scenario, the oceanic density front is closer to the Balearic Islands. A good correspondence exists between standardized winter air temperature anomaly in the Gulf of Lions and the presence of WIW in the channels. We discuss the use of a regional climatic index based on these parameters to forecast in a first-order approach the position of the oceanic front, as it is expected to have high impact on the regional marine ecosystem.

Ernst Rüdin, 1874-1952: a German psychiatrist and geneticist.

PubMed

Weber, M M

1996-07-26

Ernst Rüdin (1874-1952) was one of the major representatives of German psychiatry, genetics, and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Switzerland, he was influenced early on by his brother-in-law Alfred Ploetz, who propagated the ideas of social Darwinism and "racial hygiene" in Germany after 1890. Rüdin began his career in psychiatry at Emil Kraepelin's clinic in Munich, where he developed the concept of "empirical genetic prognosis" of mental disorders. He published his first results on the genetics of schizophrenia in 1916. From 1917-1945 Rüdin was director of the Genealogical-Demographic Department at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research, which Kraepelin had founded. After a short interruption from 1925-1928, Rüdin returned to Munich and enlarged the department. After 1933 the National Socialist government and party endorsed Rüdin's work by supplying financial and manpower support. Nazi health policy required a scientific basis to justify its actions, and Rüdin's ideas corresponded partially with this kind of thinking. In 1934 he prepared the official commentary on the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring." The connections of Rüdin's department to National Socialism can be understood as one of the main reasons for the critical attitude towards psychiatric genetics in Germany after 1945.

History in the gene: negotiations between molecular and organismal anthropology.

PubMed

Sommer, Marianne

2008-01-01

In the advertising discourse of human genetic database projects, of genetic ancestry tracing companies, and in popular books on anthropological genetics, what I refer to as the anthropological gene and genome appear as documents of human history, by far surpassing the written record and oral history in scope and accuracy as archives of our past. How did macromolecules become "documents of human evolutionary history"? Historically, molecular anthropology, a term introduced by Emile Zuckerkandl in 1962 to characterize the study of primate phylogeny and human evolution on the molecular level, asserted its claim to the privilege of interpretation regarding hominoid, hominid, and human phylogeny and evolution vis-à-vis other historical sciences such as evolutionary biology, physical anthropology, and paleoanthropology. This process will be discussed on the basis of three key conferences on primate classification and evolution that brought together exponents of the respective fields and that were held in approximately ten-years intervals between the early 1960s and the 1980s. I show how the anthropological gene and genome gained their status as the most fundamental, clean, and direct records of historical information, and how the prioritizing of these epistemic objects was part of a complex involving the objectivity of numbers, logic, and mathematics, the objectivity of machines and instruments, and the objectivity seen to reside in the epistemic objects themselves.

Plague, rats, and ships The realisation of the infection routes of plague.

PubMed

Sonne, Ole

Three plague pandemics plus several epidemics have ravaged the world. The three pandemics were characterised by the role shipping played in spreading of the plague. The third pandemic, which began in southern China in the 1850s, was carried out of Hong Kong in 1894 to all continents by steamships. The oldest known documents mentioning quarantine as a precaution against epidemics dates back to 1127 in Venice. During the second pandemic, the Black Death, quarantine was systematised. During the third pandemic gassing of the ships was introduced by burning sulphur. Later hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide and other toxic gasses have been applied. In many harbours the use of rat shields were made compulsory in the beginning of the 20th century. The French bacteriologist Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin isolated in 1894 and identified Yersinia pestis as the contagious agent in Hong Kong despite obstructions from the British authorities who favoured Shibasaburo Kitasato from Japan. Four years later the French scientist Paul-Louis Simond established the rat flee, Xenopsylla cheopis, as the vector transferring the bacteria from rats to humans. This discovery was, however, not recognized until 1903 and another five years passed until clinical consequences were taken during the plague epidemic in India 1908. Each pandemic lasted several centuries due to reintroduction of Y pestis from local reservoirs in rodent populations in addition to reintroduction from the original Asiatic reservoirs.

[The search for a precise method of measurement in psychical experiments].

PubMed

Borck, Cornelius

2002-06-01

In a series of three brief case studies, it is reconstructed how cognition and psychic activity were explored as energetic and economic transformations in a variety of experimental settings. 1. In the 1870s, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin started his search for an objective measurement of cognitive performance in which he engaged over several decades. His investigations resulted in a graphic representation of cognitive efficiency, the "arbeitscurve", delineating the numbers of additions per time interval in close resemblance to representations of machine efficiency. 2. At the turn of the century, the American nutrition scientist and agronomist Wilbur Olin Atwater convinced himself in a series of precision measurements that the human motor was a so perfectly closed input-output system that he rejected any mental surplus in the form of cognitive energy transformations as contradictions to the principle of the conservation of energy. 3. At the beginning of the twentieth century and on the basis of Atwater's results, the German psychiatrist Hans Berger stipulated a special form of psychic energy for mediating between the principle of the conservation of energy and mental causality. Berger attempted to quantify psychic energy as one factor of brain metabolism. In the three cases of precision investigations into psychic life presented here, the experimental space of psychophysiology turned mental activity into a form of machine-like behavior.

[Claude Bernard - then and now].

PubMed

Wise, Peter

2017-01-01

The early life of Claude Bernard - dreamer and frustrated playwright - reveals no indication of his future scientific aptitude. Cartesian doubt, a principle that he would adhere to lifelong, clouded a failed pharmacy apprenticeship that led to medical studies in Paris - but without great success. Research was his only aim, it was made possible only by a lucrative but unsuccessful arranged marriage. His passion for work and over-riding principles of truth and proof would ultimately allow him to stand out from his peers with recognition by multiple French professional societies - and the wider scientific world. In today's world, the two centuries-long practice of homeopathy illustrates his abhorrence of ''practice without proof'': a dominance by economic factors that is apparent in cancer chemotherapy, where new drug approval is often based on statistics rather than genuine clinical benefit. Bernard was indeed sceptical about the (ab)use of statistics - a caution even more necessary today. His experimental method stands out as a signal principle in research. This was cleverly taken out of context by Emile Zola, who used it to support his ideas on the literary naturalism that appeared in his Rougon-Macquart cycle of books - and that led him to dedicate his book, Le Roman Expérimental, to Claude Bernard himself. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1332 Sharon Copley Road in Wadsworth, Ohio, as the "Emil Bolas Post Office".

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Boccieri, John A. [D-OH-16

2010-01-27

House - 01/27/2010 Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.4602, which became Public Law 111-355 on 1/4/2011. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Corps de ballet: the case of the injured ballet dancer.

PubMed

Turner, Bryan S; Wainwright, Steven P

2003-05-01

This paper contributes to debate on social constructionism in the sociology of health and illness through a study of injury among ballet dancers. In this empirical study of classical ballet dancers, we outline a phenomenology of the injured and ageing body in terms of a critical commentary on constructionism. We explore dancers' experiences of embodiment to illustrate our critique of recent interpretations of dance as a textual practice. Those forms of social constructionism that define the body as a text provide a forceful attack on discourses of authority and legitimation, but we argue that they are problematic as epistemologies and ontologies of embodiment. Through a phenomenological understanding of the experiences of embodiment, we observe how injury and ageing disrupt the practical accomplishments that underpin the ballet habitus and the dancer's identity. Although ballet injuries can terminate a dancing career, they are accepted as an inevitable part of the vocation of ballet. Our aim is to understand the interaction between injuries, dancers' experiences of discomfort and the social support that emerges from the ballet dancers as a social group. We draw on the concepts of social solidarity and collective consciousness in Emile Durkheim to show that injury is mediated through the social bonding of dancers into a professional ballet company, where injury is accepted as a sign of vocational commitment, and suggest that this 'collective effervescence' gives a novel meaning to the idea of a corps de ballet.

Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in psychology.

PubMed

2017-12-01

This award is given by the Board of Educational Affairs in recognition of the efforts of psychologists who have made distinguished contributions to education and training, who have produced imaginative innovations, or who have been involved in the developmental phases of programs in education and training in psychology. These contributions might include important research on education and training; the development of effective materials for instruction; the establishment of workshops, conferences, or networks of communication for education and training; achievement and leadership in administration that facilitates education and training; or activity in professional organizations that promote excellence. The Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in psychology recognizes a specific contribution to education and training. The Career designation is added to the award at the discretion of the Education and Training Awards Committee to recognize continuous significant contributions made over a lifelong career in psychology. This year the Education and Training Awards Committee selected a psychologist for the Career designation. The 2017 recipients of the APA Education and Training Contributions Awards were selected by the 2016 Education and Training Awards Committee appointed by the Board of Educational Affairs (BEA). Members of the 2016 Education and Training Awards Committee were Erica Wise, PhD (Chair); Ron Rozensky, PhD; Jane D. Halonen, PhD; Sharon Berry, PhD (Chair Elect); Emil Rodolfa, PhD; and Sylvia A. Rosenfield, PhD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Ground-based lidar measurements from Ny-Ålesund during ASTAR 2007: a statistical overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, A.; Ritter, C.; Stock, M.; Shiobara, M.; Lampert, A.; Maturilli, M.; Orgis, T.; Neuber, R.; Herber, A.

2009-07-01

During the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) in March and April 2007, measurements obtained at the AWIPEV Research station in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen (operated by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research and the Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor), supported the airborne campaign. This included Lidar data from the Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) and the Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL), located in the atmospheric observatory as well as photometer data and the daily launched radiosonde. The MPL features nearly continuous measurements; the KARL was switched on whenever weather conditions allowed observations (145 h in 61 days). From 1 March to 30 April, 71 meteorological balloon soundings were performed and compared with the corresponding MPL measurements; photometer measurements are available from 18 March. For the KARL data, a statistical overview based on the optical properties backscatter ratio and volume depolarization can be given. The altitudes of the occurrence of the named features (subvisible and visible ice and water as well as mixed-phase clouds, aerosol layers) as well as their dependence on different air mass origins are analyzed. Although the spring 2007 was characterized by rather clean conditions, diverse case studies of cloud and aerosol occurrence during March and April 2007 are presented in more detail, including temporal development and main optical properties as backscatter, depolarization and extinction coefficients. Links between air mass origins and optical properties can be presumed but need further evidence.

"Astronomica" in the Correspondence between Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoull (German Title: "Astronomica" im Briefwechsel zwischen Leonhard Euler und Daniel Bernoulli)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verdun, Andreas

2010-12-01

The Euler Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences intends to terminate the edition of Leonhard Euler's works in the next year 2011 after nearly one hundred years since the beginning of the editorial works. These works include, e.g., Volume 3 of the Series quarta A which will contain the correspondence between Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) and Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1783) and which is currently being edited by Dr. Emil A. Fellmann (Basel) and Prof. Dr. Gleb K. Mikhailov (Moscow). This correspondence contains more than hundred letters, principally from Daniel Bernoulli to Euler. Parts of this correspondence were published uncommented already in 1843. It is astonishing that, apart from mathematics and physics (mainly mechanics and hydrodynamics), many topics addressed concern astronomy. The major part of the preserved correspondence between Euler and Daniel Bernoulli, in which astronomical themes are discussed, concerns celestial mechanics as the dominant discipline of theoretical astronomy of the eighteenth century. It was triggered and coined mainly by the prize questions of the Paris Academy of Science. In more than two thirds of the letters current problems and questions concerning celestial mechanics of that time are treated, focusing on the lunar theory and the great inequality in the motions of Jupiter and Saturn as special applications of the three body problem. In the remaining letters, problems concerning spherical astronomy are solved and attempts are made to explain certain phenomena in the field of "cosmic physics" concerning astronomical observations.

The effect of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption and vegetarian diet on gallstone prevalence.

PubMed

Walcher, Thomas; Haenle, Mark Martin; Mason, Richard Andrew; Koenig, Wolfgang; Imhof, Armin; Kratzer, Wolfgang

2010-11-01

To investigate the effects of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption and of vegetarian diet on gallstone prevalence in an urban population sample. A total of 2417 individuals underwent ultrasound examination and completed a standardized questionnaire as part of the EMIL study. Statistical analysis of the data considered the known risk factors of age, female sex, BMI, positive family history and potential confounders, such as alcohol, caffeine and tobacco consumption and vegetarian diet using multiple logistic regression with variable selection. The prevalence of gallstones in the population sample was 8% (171 out of 2147). Findings of the study confirmed the classic risk factors of age, female sex, obesity and positive family history. After the variable selection of potential risk factors in a logistic regression that was adjusted for age, female sex, BMI and positive family history, the factors like tobacco [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.56, P=0.64] and caffeine consumption (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.42-1.42, P=0.40) as well as vegetarian diet (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.39-3.35, P=0.81) had no effect on gallstone prevalence. A protective effect against development of gallstones was shown for alcohol consumption (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, P=0.04). The factors like tobacco and caffeine consumption as well as vegetarian diet exerted no measurable effect on the prevalence of gallstones. A protective effect was found for alcohol consumption.

Evaluation of a teacher training program to enhance executive functions in preschool children.

PubMed

Walk, Laura M; Evers, Wiebke F; Quante, Sonja; Hille, Katrin

2018-01-01

Executive functions (EFs) play a critical role in cognitive and social development. During preschool years, children show not only rapid improvement in their EFs, but also appear sensitive to developmentally appropriate interventions. EMIL is a training program for German preschool teachers that was developed and implemented to improve the EFs of preschoolers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its effects on the EFs of children between three and six years old. The teacher training (eight sessions, 28.5 hours) was implemented in four preschools. The EFs of children of the intervention group (n = 72, 32 girls, Mage = 48 months) and the control group of four other matched preschools (n = 61, 27 girls, Mage = 48 months) were tested before, during, and after the intervention using different measures assessing working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. The intervention group showed significant gains on three out of seven EF tests (behavioral inhibition, visual-spatial working memory, and combined EFs) compared to the control group. Post hoc analyses for children with low initial EFs scores revealed that participation in the intervention led to significant gains in inhibitory control, visual-spatial working memory, and phonological working memory as well as a marginally significant difference for combined EFs. However, effect sizes were rather small. The results suggest that teacher training can lead to significant improvements in preschooler's EFs. Although preliminary, the results could contribute to the discussion on how teacher training can facilitate the improvement of EFs in preschool children.

[Pharmacy, one of the emerging sources of new science of technology].

PubMed

Charlot, Colette

2015-01-01

Linking pharmacy and oenology seems to be paradox. The school of Medicine and Pharmacy owe their fame to the historical context of the Languedocian Universities. The role of their naturalist professors is less known. Dr Chaptal's thesis discusses the wine chemical constituents. In 1801 he published a book entitled "the Art of making, managing and perfecting wine", inventor of a distillation machine, his name become an eponym "the chaptalisation", which is specific process, for regions less exposed to sunlight, showing that sugar in the must is needed to obtain alcohol. Jules Emile Planchon, professor of botanic science at the Superior School of Pharmacy will discoverer the parasite disease of the phylloxera, a parasite that destroy vineyards. The cure will be the American grafting. The list of professors who worked on vineyards related frauds and diseases is long. Once Analytical chemistry has become part of the curriculum universities, pharmacists, started investigating wine analysis. It will be part of Bromatology, the science of food ingredients. Pharmacists were then able to carry out the first wine analyses sin their laboratory. It is at that time that Paul Jaulmes, professor of Analytical Chemistry who became Director of the international office of vineyards and Wine (OIV) proposed alongside Prof Nègre, director of the National School of Agronomy, the initiation in 1955 of a new diploma oenology. As a renowned toxicologist, Prof. Jaulmes will lead the committee in charge of the oenology Standards.

A major Early Miocene thermal pulse due to subduction segmentation and rollback in the western Mediterranean region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spakman, W.; Van Hinsbergen, D. J.; Vissers, R.

2012-12-01

Geological studies have shown that Eo-Oligocene subduction related high-pressure, low-temperature metasediments and peridotites of the Alboran region (Spain, Morocco) and the Kabylides (Algeria) experienced a major Early Miocene (~21 Ma) thermal pulse requiring asthenospheric temperatures at ~60 km depth. Despite earlier propositions, the cause of this thermal pulse is still controversial while also the paleogeographic origin of the Alboran and Kabylides units is debated. Here, we relate the thermal pulse to segmentation of the West Alpine-Tethyan slab under the SE Iberian margin (Baleares-Sardinia). We restore the Alboran rocks farther east than previously assumed, to close to the Balearic Islands, adjacent to Sardinia. We identify three major lithosphere faults, the NW-SE trending North Balearic Transform Zone (NBTZ) and the ~W-E trending Emile Baudot and North African transforms that accommodated the Miocene subduction evolution of slab segmentation, rollback, and migration of Alboran and Kabylides rocks to their current positions. The heat pulse occurred S-SE of the Baleares where slab segmentation along the NBTZ triggered radially outgrowing S-SW rollback opening a slab window that facilitated local ascent of asthenosphere below the rapidly extending Alboran-Kabylides accretionary prism. Subsequent slab rollback carried the Kabylides and Alboran domains to their present positions. Our new reconstruction is in line with tomographically imaged mantle structure and focuses attention on the crucial role of evolving subduction segmentation driving HT-metamorphism and subsequent extension, fragmentation, and dispersion of geological terrains.

Tobacco mosaic virus replication in resistant and susceptible plants: in some resistant species virus is confined to a small number of initially infected cells.

PubMed

Sulzinski, M A; Zaitlin, M

1982-08-01

Only small amounts of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are recoverable from directly inoculated leaves of some plant species, a phenomenon investigated by P. C. Cheo (1970, Phytopathology 60, 41-46) and termed subliminal infection. To interpret this phenomenon in two varieties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis Emil.), primary leaves were inoculated on their lower surfaces with TMV (common strain), and at various times postinoculation, mesophyll protoplasts were isolated, incubated for 36 hr, and stained with a TMV-specific fluorescent-labeled antibody. It was determined that only 1 in 50,000 to 150,000 protoplasts contained TMV antigen; this number remained essentially unchanged for experimental periods of from immediately after inoculation to up to 11 days postinoculation (the longest period examined). Cytological staining of epidermis from another subliminally infected host, cotton, also revealed infection of only a few cells. These data suggest that leaves of subliminally infected plants support TMV replication in those cells which receive virus during mechanical inoculation, but that the infectious principle is unable to move from those original centers in these hosts. Control experiments with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Turkish Samsun), in which virus spreads extensively in the inoculated leaves, suggest that a rapid cell-to-cell movement of the infectious entity begins after about 6 hr following inoculation. An unexpected observation was that some cowpea and tobacco mesophyll cells become infected immediately upon mechanical inoculation, suggesting that mesophyll cells can be primary sites of viral ingress into the leaf.

About medicine and the arts. Charcot and French literature at the fin-de-siècle.

PubMed

Koehler, P

2001-03-01

The relationship between medicine and the arts, literature in particular, has many aspects. One of the most obvious relations is the use of literature as a source for historical studies. Jean-Martin Charcot and his school often appear in French literature at the end of the 19th century. Several aspects will be highlighted in this study, including (1) the ideas about degenerative diseases in the work of Emile Zola, the main author of the naturalistic movement; (2) decadence and spiritism in two "transitional" novels by Joris Karl Huysmans, who, once supporter of the naturalistic movement, changed his ideas following observations of disease and cure that could not be explained in a scientific way. Charcot's work on hysteria and hypnosis, as well as Brown-Séquard's rejuvenation experiments with testicular extracts played an important role with this respect; (3) Charcot's relationship with the Daudets, in particular his treatment of Alphonse's tabes dorsalis and the ambivalent attitude of his son Léon Daudet towards Charcot; (4) the influence of the lectures at the Salpêtrière on the work of Guy de Maupassant, who attended the lessons in the mid-1880s. The reading of novels and biographies of these authors provides a part of the social context and the cultural atmosphere in Paris at the "fin-de-siècle" when Charcot and his school played an important role in medicine. Moreover, it shows the influence of medicine and science on society as recorded by writers.

History of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective.

PubMed

Allik, Jüri

2007-11-01

A short review of the development of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective is presented. The first rector after the reopening of the University of Dorpat (Tartu) in 1802, Georg Friedrich Parrot (1767-1852) was interested in optical phenomena which he attempted to explain by introducing the concept of unconscious inferences, anticipating a similar theory proposed by Herman von Helmholtz 20 years later. One of the next rectors, Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1800-1878) was regarded by Edwin Boring as one of the founding fathers of the experimental psychology. Georg Wilhelm Struve (1793-1864) played an essential part in solving the problem of personal equations. Arthur Joachim von Oettingen (1836-1920) developed a theory of music harmony, which stimulated his student Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (1853-1932) to study colour harmony. Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), the founder of modern psychiatry, is by far the most important experimental psychologist who has worked in Estonia. His successor Wladimir von Tchisch (1855-1922), another student of Wilhelm Wundt, continued Kraepelin's work in experimental psychology. The lives of Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967), who was born in Reval (Tallinn), and Oswald Külpe (1862-1915), who graduated from the University of Dorpat, extended the link between the history of experimental psychology and Estonia. Karl Gustav Girgensohn (1875-1925), the founder of the Dorpat School of the psychology of religion, stretched the use of experimental methods to the study of religious experience.

USD Catalysis Group for Alternative Energy - Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoefelmeyer, James

2014-10-03

I. Project Summary Catalytic processes are a major technological underpinning of modern society, and are essential to the energy sector in the processing of chemical fuels from natural resources, fine chemicals synthesis, and energy conversion. Advances in catalyst technology are enormously valuable since these lead to reduced chemical waste, reduced energy loss, and reduced costs. New energy technologies, which are critical to future economic growth, are also heavily reliant on catalysts, including fuel cells and photo-electrochemical cells. Currently, the state of South Dakota is underdeveloped in terms of research infrastructure related to catalysis. If South Dakota intends to participate inmore » significant economic growth opportunities that result from advances in catalyst technology, then this area of research needs to be made a high priority for investment. To this end, a focused research effort is proposed in which investigators from The University of South Dakota (USD) and The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT) will contribute to form the South Dakota Catalysis Group (SDCG). The multidisciplinary team of the (SDCG) include: (USD) Dan Engebretson, James Hoefelmeyer, Ranjit Koodali, and Grigoriy Sereda; (SDSMT) Phil Scott Ahrenkiel, Hao Fong, Jan Puszynski, Rajesh Shende, and Jacek Swiatkiewicz. The group is well suited to engage in a collaborative project due to the resources available within the existing programs. Activities within the SDCG will be monitored through an external committee consisting of three distinguished professors in chemistry. The committee will provide expert advice and recommendations to the SDCG. Advisory meetings in which committee members interact with South Dakota investigators will be accompanied by individual oral and poster presentations in a materials and catalysis symposium. The symposium will attract prominent scientists, and will enhance the visibility of research in the state of South Dakota. The SDCG

[Preventive health control of U. S. emigrants at the beginning of 20th century on the example of hotel "Emigrants" in Rijeka].

PubMed

Rotim Malvić, Jasna

2015-01-01

Rijeka inscribed herself on the list of great European emigration ports like Hamburg, Bremen, Liverpool in the end of the year 1903 when a ship of the British Cunard Line established a travel line from Rijeka to New York. Up to the year 1914, 317639 passengers - emigrants travelled to America from the port of Rijeka. The large flow of people caused problems for the city, for that reason, already in 1906 did the Hungarian ministry of home affairs started the construction of a grandiose building intended for the emigrants. When it was opened in 1908 it was named Hotel Emigrants and had a capacity of 2500 guests. The name Hotel was given to him because of the highest construction and sanitary standards applied during his construction, but also because of comfort provided for the emigrants, large bright dormitories, living rooms, one big and spacious terrace and a number of smaller ones indicated more to a touristic hotel than to a house for emigrants. Health surveillance of emigrants was performed by Dr. David Friedman, Dr. Arturo Jellouscheg and Dr. Emil Tauffer. They were in charge in front of the Maritime Gubernia in Rijeka, the U.S. consulate in Rijeka and the Adria Maritime Society. Although the city authorities and the Hungarian authorities boasted of the hotel and the rigid medical control over immigrants which was done there, American authorities have still often returned some emigrants, at the expense of the company, after inspection at Ellis Island revealing that before landing some individuals are sick.

List of Organizing Committees and Conference Programme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-03-01

Organizers Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH Romanian Neutron Scattering Society Sponsors Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Czech Republic Programme Committee Valentin Gordely (chairman)Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Heinrich StuhrmannGermany Jose TeixeiraLaboratoire Leon Brillouin, France Pavel ApelJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Pavol BalgavyComenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Alexander BelushkinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Georg BueldtInstitute of Structural Biology and Biophysics (ISB), Germany Leonid BulavinTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine Emil BurzoBabes-Bolyai University, Romania Vadim CherezovThe Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, USA Ion IonitaRomanian Society of Neutron Scattering, Romania Alexei KhokhlovMoscow State University, Russia Aziz MuzafarovInstitute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Alexander OzerinInstitute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Gerard PepyResearch Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungary Josef PlestilInstitute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Czech Republic Aurel RadulescuJuelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Germany Maria BalasoiuJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Alexander KuklinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia Local Organizing Committee Alexander Kuklin - Chairman Maria Balasoiu - Co-chairman Tatiana Murugova - Secretary Natalia Malysheva Natalia Dokalenko Julia Gorshkova Andrey Rogachev Oleksandr Ivankov Dmitry Soloviev Lilia Anghel Erhan Raul The PDF also contains the Conference Programme.

Kahlbaum, Hecker, and Kraepelin and the Transition From Psychiatric Symptom Complexes to Empirical Disease Forms.

PubMed

Kendler, Kenneth S; Engstrom, Eric J

2017-02-01

The nosology for major psychiatric disorders developed by Emil Kraepelin in the 1890s has substantially shaped psychiatry. His theories, however, did not arise de novo, being strongly influenced by Karl Kahlbaum and Ewald Hecker. From the 1860-1880s, they articulated a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychiatric diagnosis, from symptom-based syndromes, popular since the late 18th century, to proto-disease entities. This effort was influenced by parallel developments in general medicine, especially the rise of bacterial theories of disease where different syndromes had distinctive symptoms, courses, and etiologies. Their thinking was particularly shaped by the increasing understanding of general paresis of the insane. Indeed, this disorder, with its distinct course and characteristic symptoms, was paradigmatic for them. Their hope was that a similar progression of medical understanding would evolve for the other major psychiatric syndromes. Their thinking and its connection with Kraepelin's nosology are illustrated through a close reading of their essays on hebephrenia, catatonia, and cyclic insanity. Kahlbaum, Hecker, and Kraepelin shared both a commitment to a clinical research agenda for psychiatry (to utilize methods of clinical assessment and follow-up to help define disease forms) and a skepticism for the brain-based neuropathological paradigm of psychiatric research then dominant in most European centers. Understanding the historical origins of our key diagnostic concepts can help us to evaluate their strengths and limitations. It remains to be determined whether this "Kahlbaum-Hecker-Kraepelin paradigm"-defining disorders based on distinctive symptoms and course-will produce psychiatric syndromes of sufficient homogeneity to yield their etiologic secrets.

Ground-based lidar measurements from Ny-Ålesund during ASTAR 2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, A.; Ritter, C.; Stock, M.; Shiobara, M.; Lampert, A.; Maturilli, M.; Orgis, T.; Neuber, R.; Herber, A.

2009-11-01

During the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) in March and April 2007, measurements obtained at the AWIPEV Arctic Research Base in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen at 78.9° N, 11.9° E (operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research - AWI and the Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor - IPEV), supported the airborne campaign. This included lidar data from the Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) and the Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL), located in the atmospheric observatory as well as photometer data and the daily launched radiosonde. The MPL features nearly continuous measurements; the KARL was switched on whenever weather conditions allowed observations (145 h in 61 days). From 1 March to 30 April, 71 meteorological balloon soundings were performed and compared with the concurrent MPL measurements; photometer measurements are available from 18 March. For the KARL data, a statistical overview of particle detection based on their optical properties backscatter ratio and volume depolarization can be given. The altitudes of the occurrence of the named features (subvisible and visible ice and water as well as mixed-phase clouds, aerosol layers) as well as their dependence on different air mass origins are analyzed. Although the spring 2007 was characterized by rather clean conditions, diverse case studies of cloud and aerosol occurrence during March and April 2007 are presented in more detail, including temporal development and main optical properties as depolarization, backscatter and extinction coefficients. Links between air mass origins and optical properties can be presumed but need further evidence.

From Kraepelin to a modern and integrative scientific discipline: the development of transcultural psychiatry in Germany.

PubMed

Machleidt, Wielant; Sieberer, Marcel

2013-12-01

The roots of transcultural psychiatry in Germany can be traced back to Emil Kraepelin, who made the first culturally comparative observations on mental disorders in Southeast Asia at the start of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 1970s, contributors to the literature of transcultural psychiatry in Germany have been predominantly concerned with the mental health of migrant workers from Mediterranean countries, particularly the practical difficulties and therapeutic implications of inpatient psychiatric treatment of these migrant groups. The inauguration of the Section on Transcultural Psychiatry of the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 20 years ago reflected an increasing scientific interest in this topic. In addition to the psychic impact of migration, research into transcultural care is currently focused on disparities in the utilization of health care and conjectured barriers to access to health and mental health care among migrants. Furthermore, studies based on epidemiological approaches have been carried out in order to resolve the question of whether migrants are as affected by mental disorders as the ethnic German population, and which issues contribute to the so-called "healthy migrant" effect. Other topics that have been explored in the last 10 years are the particular psychosocial situation of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany, and the effects of inadequate integration and discrimination on their mental health. In summary, after a short historical and theoretical overview, this article reviews the current major themes in transcultural research in German contemporary psychiatry, and concludes with an overview of future developments in this field.

PREFACE: XX International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications (Varna2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoyanov, Chavdar; Dimitrova, Sevdalina

2014-09-01

nuclear waste treatment. Nuclear methods for applications. A special session in honor of the late Mario Stoitsov, was also part of the program. Many colleagues of Mario from all over the world came to Varna to pay tribute to this prominent scientist and loyal friend. Several colleagues contributed to the organization of the School. We would like to thank them and especially the Scientific Secretary of the School Dr Elena Stefanova and the members of the Organizing Committee Dr Dimitar Tarpanov and Peter Zivkov for their cordiality and high level assistance. We are also grateful to Dr Jacek Dobaczewski, who reached out to the collaborators of Mario Stoitsov on behalf of the conference. Sofia, 20 March 2014 Co-chair persons of the Organizing Committee Prof Dr Sc Ch Stoyanov Prof Dr Sc S Dimitrova Details of the committees are available in the PDF.

Some observations aimed at improving the success rate of paleointensity experiments for lava flows (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valet, J. M.; Herrero-Bervera, E.

2009-12-01

Emile Thellier did not believe to the possibility of obtaining reliable determinations of absolute paleointensity from lava flows and defended that only archeomagnetic material was suitable. Many protocols have been proposed over the past fifty years to defend that this assertion was not really justified. We have performed paleointensity studies on contemporaneous flows in Hawaii and in the Canaries. To those we have added determinations obtained from relatively recent flows at Santorini. The hawaiian flows that are dominated by pure magnetite with a narrow distribution of grain sizes provide by far the most accurate determinations of paleointensity. Such characteristics are simply derived from the spectrum of unbloking temperatures. Thus the evolution of the TRM upon thermal demagnetization appears to be a very important feature for successfull paleointensity experiments. The existence of a sharp decrease of the magnetization before reaching the unique Curie temperature of the rock is conclusively a very appropriate condition for obtaining suitable field determinations. Of course, these characteristics are only valid if the pTRM checks do not deviate from the original TRM. In this respect, we have noticed that deviations larger than 5% are frequently associated with significant deviations from the expected field intensity. The results from the Canary islands are also consistent with this observation despite the presence of a larger amount of titanium. Overall, these conclusions make sense when faced to Thellier’s statement regarding the success of archeomagnetic material. Indeed, the features that have been outlined above are typical of the characteristics found in archeological materials which have been largely oxidized during cooling and are dominated by a single magnetic mineral with a tiny distribution of grain sizes.

Updating the French archeomagnetic directional database for the past two millennia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Goff, M.; Warmé, N.; Gallet, Y.; Genevey, A.

2009-04-01

Research in archeomagnetism began in France during the 1930's with the pioneering work of Emile Thellier. Combining instrumental and methodological developments, together with the patient establishment of a collaboration with archeologists, Thellier's activity led to the construction of the first directional secular variation curve in France spanning the past two millennia. After Thellier's retirement, Ileana Bucur continued this work, enriching the French archeomagnetic database up to more than 200 directional data, among which 120 dated results were used to construct in 1994 a revised version of the French directional secular variation curve, which is still considered as a reference today. Since 1994, the acquisition of archeomagnetic directional data has been continuously pursued at IPGP and the present study aims to update the French archeomagnetic dataset for the past two millennia. We have sampled about 400 burned structures from more than sixty different archeological sites mostly located near Paris, in the Ile-de-France region. Domestic kilns here represent approximately 2/3 of those structures, which were found in ancient agricultural settlements generally dated to the High Middle Ages. More than one hundred structures were dated using archeological constraints, such as the typo-morphology of ceramics, coins or archives, with enough precision and accuracy to be considered for improving the French reference directional secular variation curve over the past two millennia. We will discuss the present status of the French archeomagnetic directional database, which thus contains more than 600 data, 90% of which are defined with an a95 of less than 2°. We will also illustrate its increasingly potential as a dating tool for archeological purposes.

Sexual and somatic development of wood frog tadpoles along a thermal gradient.

PubMed

Lambert, Max R; Smylie, Meredith S; Roman, Amber J; Freidenburg, L Kealoha; Skelly, David K

2018-02-01

All amphibian species are known to have genetic sex determination. However, a variety of environmental conditions can moderate sexual differentiation, in some cases leading to sex reversal and skewed sex ratios. While there has been a recent focus on chemically-induced sex reversal in amphibians, temperature can also influence sexual differentiation. Building upon a classic 1929 study by Emil Witschi, we assessed temperature-mediated sex reversal. Witschi found that the wood frog sex ratio is 100% male at a high temperature (32°C) compared to a 50:50 sex ratio at 20°C. This pattern is consistent with multiple models of environmentally mediated sexual differentiation in vertebrates. To better understand thermally mediated sex reversal, we raised wood frogs at temperature increments of ∼1°C between 19 and 34°C. Mirroring earlier findings, wood frog metamorph sex ratios are indistinguishable from 50:50 at the lowest temperature and entirely male at the highest temperatures. In between, sex ratios become increasingly male-dominated as temperatures increase, implying a steadily increasing tendency toward female-to-male sex reversal in warmer environments. There was no evidence of a threshold temperature effect on reversal patterns. We also show that, compared to males, females metamorphose larger and later in cooler conditions but earlier and smaller under warmer conditions. While the ecological relevance in this species is unknown, these results conform to the Charnov-Bull model of sex determination (in which female-to-male sex reversal can increase fitness to genetic females at higher temperatures), suggesting the system would reward further study. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Alexander von Humboldt: galvanism, animal electricity, and self-experimentation part 2: the electric eel, animal electricity, and later years.

PubMed

Finger, Stanley; Piccolino, Marco; Stahnisch, Frank W

2013-01-01

After extensive experimentation during the 1790s, Alexander von Humboldt remained skeptical about "animal electricity" (and metallic electricity), writing instead about an ill-defined galvanic force. With his worldview and wishing to learn more, he studied electric eels in South America just as the new century began, again using his body as a scientific instrument in many of his experiments. As had been the case in the past and for many of the same reasons, some of his findings with the electric eel (and soon after, Italian torpedoes) seemed to argue against biological electricity. But he no longer used galvanic terminology when describing his electric fish experiments. The fact that he now wrote about animal electricity rather than a different "galvanic" force owed much to Alessandro Volta, who had come forth with his "pile" (battery) for multipling the physical and perceptable effects of otherwise weak electricity in 1800, while Humboldt was deep in South America. Humboldt probably read about and saw voltaic batteries in the United States in 1804, but the time he spent with Volta in 1805 was probably more significant in his conversion from a galvanic to an electrical framework for understanding nerve and muscle physiology. Although he did not continue his animal electricity research program after this time, Humboldt retained his worldview of a unified nature and continued to believe in intrinsic animal electricity. He also served as a patron to some of the most important figures in the new field of electrophysiology (e.g., Hermann Helmholtz and Emil du Bois-Reymond), helping to take the research that he had participated in to the next level.

Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, the World’s First Pure Culture Lager Yeast

PubMed Central

Walther, Andrea; Hesselbart, Ana; Wendland, Jürgen

2014-01-01

Lager yeast beer production was revolutionized by the introduction of pure culture strains. The first established lager yeast strain is known as the bottom fermenting Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, which was originally termed Unterhefe No. 1 by Emil Chr. Hansen and has been used in production in since 1883. S. carlsbergensis belongs to group I/Saaz-type lager yeast strains and is better adapted to cold growth conditions than group II/Frohberg-type lager yeasts, e.g., the Weihenstephan strain WS34/70. Here, we sequenced S. carlsbergensis using next generation sequencing technologies. Lager yeasts are descendants from hybrids formed between a S. cerevisiae parent and a parent similar to S. eubayanus. Accordingly, the S. carlsbergensis 19.5-Mb genome is substantially larger than the 12-Mb S. cerevisiae genome. Based on the sequence scaffolds, synteny to the S. cerevisae genome, and by using directed polymerase chain reaction for gap closure, we generated a chromosomal map of S. carlsbergensis consisting of 29 unique chromosomes. We present evidence for genome and chromosome evolution within S. carlsbergensis via chromosome loss and loss of heterozygosity specifically of parts derived from the S. cerevisiae parent. Based on our sequence data and via fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis, we determined the ploidy of S. carlsbergensis. This inferred that this strain is basically triploid with a diploid S. eubayanus and haploid S. cerevisiae genome content. In contrast the Weihenstephan strain, which we resequenced, is essentially tetraploid composed of two diploid S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus genomes. Based on conserved translocations between the parental genomes in S. carlsbergensis and the Weihenstephan strain we propose a joint evolutionary ancestry for lager yeast strains. PMID:24578374

Extensional vs contractional Cenozoic deformation in Ibiza (Balearic Promontory, Spain): Integration in the West Mediterranean back-arc setting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Etheve, Nathalie; Frizon de Lamotte, Dominique; Mohn, Geoffroy; Martos, Raquel; Roca, Eduard; Blanpied, Christian

2016-07-01

Based on field work and seismic reflection data, we investigate the Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution offshore and onshore Ibiza allowing the proposal of a new tectonic agenda for the region and its integration in the geodynamic history of the West Mediterranean. The late Oligocene-early Miocene rifting event, which characterizes the Valencia Trough and the Algerian Basin, located north and south of the study area respectively, is also present in Ibiza and particularly well-expressed in the northern part of the island. Among these two rifted basins initiated in the frame of the European Cenozoic Rift System, the Valencia Trough failed rapidly while the Algerian Basin evolved after as a back-arc basin related to the subduction of the Alpine-Maghrebian Tethys. The subsequent middle Miocene compressional deformation was localized by the previous extensional faults, which were either inverted or passively translated depending on their initial orientation. Despite the lateral continuity between the External Betics and the Balearic Promontory, it appears from restored maps that this tectonic event cannot be directly related to the Betic orogen, but results from compressive stresses transmitted through the Algerian Basin. A still active back-arc asthenospheric rise likely explains the stiff behavior of this basin, which has remained poorly deformed up to recent time. During the late Miocene a new extensional episode reworked the southern part of the Balearic Promontory. It is suggested that this extensional deformation developed in a trans-tensional context related to the westward translation of the Alboran Domain and the coeval right-lateral strike-slip movement along the Emile Baudot Escarpment bounding the Algerian Basin to the north.

The influence of galaxy environment on the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosani, Giulio; Pasquali, Anna; La Barbera, Francesco; Ferreras, Ignacio; Vazdekis, Alexandre

2018-06-01

In this paper, we investigate whether the stellar initial mass function (IMF) of early-type galaxies depends on their host environment. To this purpose, we have selected a sample of early-type galaxies from the SPIDER catalogue, characterized their environment through the group catalogue of Wang et al., and used their optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra to constrain the IMF slope, through the analysis of IMF-sensitive spectral indices. To reach a high enough signal-to-noise ratio, we have stacked spectra in velocity dispersion (σ0) bins, on top of separating the sample by galaxy hierarchy and host halo mass, as proxies for galaxy environment. In order to constrain the IMF, we have compared observed line strengths and predictions of MIUSCAT/EMILES synthetic stellar population models, with varying age, metallicity, and `bimodal' (low-mass tapered) IMF slope (Γ _b). Consistent with previous studies, we find that Γ _b increases with σ0, becoming bottom-heavy (i.e. an excess of low-mass stars with respect to the Milky Way like IMF) at high σ0. We find that this result is robust against the set of isochrones used in the stellar population models, as well as the way the effect of elemental abundance ratios is taken into account. We thus conclude that it is possible to use currently state-of-the-art stellar population models and intermediate resolution spectra to consistently probe IMF variations. For the first time, we show that there is no dependence of Γb on environment or galaxy hierarchy, as measured within the 3 arcsec SDSS fibre, thus leaving the IMF as an intrinsic galaxy property, possibly set already at high redshift.

The International Congress of Mechanical Engineering and Agricultural Sciences - CIIMCA 2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Remolina-Millán, Aduljay; Hernández-Arroyo, Emil

2014-06-01

The organizing committee of The International Congress of Mechanical Engineering and Agricultural Sciences - CIIMCA 2013 - are pleased to present CIIMCA-2013: the first international conference focused on subjects of materials science, mechanical engineering and renewable energy organized by Mechanical Engineering Faculty of the ''Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana'' in Bucaramanga, Colombia. This conference aims to be a place to produce discussions on whole topics of the congress, between the scientists of Colombia and the world. We strongly believe that knowledge is fundamental to the development of our countries. For that reason this multidisciplinary conference is looking forward to integrate engineering, agricultural science and nanoscience and nanotechnology to produce a synergy of this area of knowledge and to achieve scientific and technological developments. Agriculture is a very important topic for our conference; in Colombia, agricultural science needs more attention from the scientific community and the government. In the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering we are beginning to work on these issues to produce knowledge and improve the conditions in our country. The CIIMCA conference is a great opportunity to create interpersonal relationships and networks between scientists around the world. The interaction between scientists is very important in the process of the construction of knowledge. The general chairman encourages and invites you to make friends, relationships and participate strongly in the symposia and all program activities. PhD Aduljay Remolina-Millán Principal Chairman, International Mechanical Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Congress - CIIMCA Msc Emil Hernández-Arroyo Principal Chairman, International Mechanical Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Congress - CIIMCA Conference photograph Conference photograph 'Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga' host of the first International Mechanical Engineering and

Statistical Optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodman, Joseph W.

2000-07-01

The Wiley Classics Library consists of selected books that have become recognized classics in their respective fields. With these new unabridged and inexpensive editions, Wiley hopes to extend the life of these important works by making them available to future generations of mathematicians and scientists. Currently available in the Series: T. W. Anderson The Statistical Analysis of Time Series T. S. Arthanari & Yadolah Dodge Mathematical Programming in Statistics Emil Artin Geometric Algebra Norman T. J. Bailey The Elements of Stochastic Processes with Applications to the Natural Sciences Robert G. Bartle The Elements of Integration and Lebesgue Measure George E. P. Box & Norman R. Draper Evolutionary Operation: A Statistical Method for Process Improvement George E. P. Box & George C. Tiao Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis R. W. Carter Finite Groups of Lie Type: Conjugacy Classes and Complex Characters R. W. Carter Simple Groups of Lie Type William G. Cochran & Gertrude M. Cox Experimental Designs, Second Edition Richard Courant Differential and Integral Calculus, Volume I RIchard Courant Differential and Integral Calculus, Volume II Richard Courant & D. Hilbert Methods of Mathematical Physics, Volume I Richard Courant & D. Hilbert Methods of Mathematical Physics, Volume II D. R. Cox Planning of Experiments Harold S. M. Coxeter Introduction to Geometry, Second Edition Charles W. Curtis & Irving Reiner Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associative Algebras Charles W. Curtis & Irving Reiner Methods of Representation Theory with Applications to Finite Groups and Orders, Volume I Charles W. Curtis & Irving Reiner Methods of Representation Theory with Applications to Finite Groups and Orders, Volume II Cuthbert Daniel Fitting Equations to Data: Computer Analysis of Multifactor Data, Second Edition Bruno de Finetti Theory of Probability, Volume I Bruno de Finetti Theory of Probability, Volume 2 W. Edwards Deming Sample Design in Business Research

Heat transfer and hydrodynamic analysis in an industrial circulating fluidized bed boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Di Maggio, T.; Piedfer, O.; Jestin, L.

In order to scale-up Circulating Fluidized Bed boilers (up to 600 MWe), Electricite de France has initiated a Research and Development program including: laboratory work on mock-up, numerical modeling and on-site tests in the 125 MWe CFB Emile Huchet plant. This paper is devoted to on-site measurements analysis in two main components of this industrial unit: the external fluidized bed heat exchangers and the backpass. This study particularly concerns hydrodynamics and heat transfer with the final target of developing a physical model of a CFB unit. The first part of this paper describes the specific instrumentation set up on externalmore » fluidized bed heat exchangers. The comparison between experimental data collected on these heat exchangers and the theoretical heat transfer models mainly used, shows a great difference about the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient. To explain this discrepancy, the particle flow pattern initially used in the thermal balance calculation is modified and a solid bypass is introduced. The analysis of the by-pass behavior, connected to the geometrical and operating parameters of each exchanger, confirms the particle flow pattern suggested. The second part of this paper shows an analysis of the specific measurements set up on the backpass to study heat transfer. The physical model of heat transfer used to assess the importance of each convection, radiation and conduction components is presented. This model allows one to assess the influence of heat exchangers design on heat transfer. Moreover, the analysis of heat transfer variations during sweeping cycles gives the amount of dust that is removed from the heat exchanger tubes. These results are used to evaluate the amount of power that can be recovered by optimizing both design and sweeping of the backpass.« less

Summary of the analyses for recovery factors

USGS Publications Warehouse

Verma, Mahendra K.

2017-07-17

IntroductionIn order to determine the hydrocarbon potential of oil reservoirs within the U.S. sedimentary basins for which the carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) process has been considered suitable, the CO2 Prophet model was chosen by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be the primary source for estimating recovery-factor values for individual reservoirs. The choice was made because of the model’s reliability and the ease with which it can be used to assess a large number of reservoirs. The other two approaches—the empirical decline curve analysis (DCA) method and a review of published literature on CO2-EOR projects—were deployed to verify the results of the CO2 Prophet model. This chapter discusses the results from CO2 Prophet (chapter B, by Emil D. Attanasi, this report) and compares them with results from decline curve analysis (chapter C, by Hossein Jahediesfanjani) and those reported in the literature for selected reservoirs with adequate data for analyses (chapter D, by Ricardo A. Olea).To estimate the technically recoverable hydrocarbon potential for oil reservoirs where CO2-EOR has been applied, two of the three approaches—CO2 Prophet modeling and DCA—do not include analysis of economic factors, while the third approach—review of published literature—implicitly includes economics. For selected reservoirs, DCA has provided estimates of the technically recoverable hydrocarbon volumes, which, in combination with calculated amounts of original oil in place (OOIP), helped establish incremental CO2-EOR recovery factors for individual reservoirs.The review of published technical papers and reports has provided substantial information on recovery factors for 70 CO2-EOR projects that are either commercially profitable or classified as pilot tests. When comparing the results, it is important to bear in mind the differences and limitations of these three approaches.

Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin.

PubMed

Erbguth, Frank J

2004-03-01

Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz. Copyright 2004 Movement Disorder Society

Sociology and positivism in 19th-century France: the vicissitudes of the Société de sociologie (1872-4).

PubMed

Heilbron, Johan

2009-10-01

Little is known about the world's first sociological society, Emile Littré's Société de Sociologie (1872-4). This article, based on prosopographic research, offers an interpretation of the foundation, political-intellectual orientation and early demise of the society. As indicated by recruitment and texts by its founding members, the Société de Sociologie was in fact conceived more as a political club than a learned society. Guided in this by Littré's heterodox positivism and the redefinition of sociology he proposed around 1870, the Société de Sociologie was intended first and foremost to accompany intellectually the political changes that Littré considered imperative in the early years of the Third Republic (1870-1940). This expectation found little echo among the members of the society, and it seems possible that Littré himself and his closest associates were the ones to interrupt the society's meetings. Some of its members' general studies on the status of the social sciences and their main divisions were continued in the framework of the journal "La Philosophie positive" (1867-83), but the authors most committed to those studies were on the margins of the Littré network. Neither the dominant positivist republicanism, centered around Littré and Dubost, nor the general sociology of the more peripheral members of the network (Mesmer, Roberty, Vitry) represented an important intellectual contribution to the formation of academic sociology in France. Given that the Société de Sociologie did contribute to diffuse the project of a sociological science and developed forms of sociology coherent enough to be rejected by the pioneers of university sociology, the group constitutes a significant case of failure in the history of the discipline.

Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (1757-1808): an early nineteenth century source for the concept of nervous energy in European behavioral neurosciences.

PubMed

Turgeon, Y; Whitaker, H A

2000-01-01

The nineteenth century witnessed many advances in neuroscientific concepts. Among the notable are Charles Bell's (1774-1842) and François Magendie's (1783-1855) identification of sensory and motor pathways, Thomas Henry Huxley's (1825-1895) elaboration of evolutionary theory in the context of comparative neuroanatomy, and Emile Du Bois-Reymond's (1818-1896) and Hermann von Helmholtz's (1821-1894) work in experimental neurophysiology and on the concept of nervous energy. In Germany, the idea that the nervous system consisted of two elements, one that generated nervous energy and another that conducted it throughout the body, had wide currency in mid-nineteenth century. In France, Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (1757-1808), physician, philosopher, and one of the founders of modern psychophysiology, argued that the brain is the part of the body in which electricity is stored. In his Rapports du Physique et du Moral de l'Homme, published between 1796 and 1802 (translated into German under the title Verhältnis der Seele zum Körper (1808)), Cabanis proposed new ideas on brain function, on the brain's own sensibility, on the concept of will, and on the chemical basis of nervous activity. In the Rapports Cabanis proposed a theory of how brain and nerves relate to thought and behavior. Foreshadowing later developments in neuropsychology, he suggested that different parts of the nervous system have separate functions. Despite the fact that Cabanis had many interesting ideas about brain function, he has been largely ignored by historians of neuroscience; e. g., he is mentioned briefly in Clark and Jacyna (1989), in only two footnotes in Neuburger (1897/1981), and not at all in Finger (1994). Cabanis's far-reaching theory of how the brain works helped shape understanding of the general notion of nervous energy in nineteenth-century European neuroscience.

New Pn and Sn tomographic images of the uppermost mantle beneath the Mediterranean region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gil, A.; Díaz, J.; Gallart, J.

2012-04-01

We present here new images of the seismic velocity and anisotropy variations in the uppermost mantle beneath the Mediterranean region, compiled from inversion of Pn and Sn phases. The method of Hearn (1996) has been applied to Pn and Sn lectures from the catalogs of the International Seismological Center and the Spanish Instituto Geografico Nacional. A total of 1,172,293 Pn arrivals coming from 16,527 earthquakes recorded at 1,657 stations with epicentral distances between 220 km and 1400 km have been retained (331,567 arrivals from 15,487events at 961 stations for Sn). Our results, grossly consistent with available 3D tomography images, show significant features well correlated with surface geology. The Pn velocities are high (>8.2 km/s) beneath major sedimentary basins (western Alboran Sea, Valencia Trough, Adriatic Sea, Aquitaine, Guadalquivir, Rharb, Aquitaine and Po basins), and low (<7.8 km/s) in orogenic areas (Betics, Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Dinarides, Helenides and Calabrian Arc), confirming the existence of marked variations in crustal thicknesses already documented in some active seismic experiments. The lowest velocity values are found under the Betics and the eastern and western Alps. Another low velocity anomaly is located below the south of Balearic Islands, probably related to a thermal anomaly associated to the westward displacement of the Alboran block along the Emile Baudot escarpment 16 Ma ago. The Pn anisotropic image shows consistent orientations sub-parallel to major orogenic structures, such as Betics, Apennines, Calabrian Arc and Alps. The station delays beneath Betic and Rif ranges are strongly negative, suggesting the presence of crustal thickening all along the Gibraltar Arc. However, only the Betics have a very strong low-velocity anomaly and a pronounced anisotropy pattern. The Sn tomographic image correlates well with the Pn image, even if some relevant differences can be observed beneath particular regions.

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis [Nobel Prize Lecture

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Calvin, Melvin

1961-12-11

It is almost sixty years since Emil Fischer was describing on a platform such as this one some of the work which led to the basic knowledge of the structure of glucose and its relatives. Today we will be concerned with a description of the experiments which have led to a knowledge of the principal reactions by which those carbohydrate structures are created by photosynthetic organisms from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of light. The speculations on the way in which carbohydrate was built from carbon dioxide began not long after the recognition of the basic reaction and were carried forward first by Justus von Liebig and then by Adolf von Baeyer and, finally, by Richard Wilstatter and Arthur Stoll into this century. Actually, the route by which animal organisms performed the reverse reaction, that is, the combustion of carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and water with the utilization of the energy resulting from this combination, turned out to be the first one to be successfully mapped, primarily by Otto Meyerhoi and Hans Krebs. Our own interest in the basic process of solar energy conversion by green plants began some time in the years between 1935 and 1937, during my postdoctoral studies with Professor Michael Polanyi at Manchester. It was there I first became conscious of the remarkable properties of coordinated metal compounds, particularly metalloporphyins as represented by heme and chlorophyll. A study was begun at that time, which is still continuing, on the electronic behavior of such metalloporphyrins. It was extended and generalized by the stimulus of Professor Gilbert N. Lewis upon my arrival in Berkeley. I hope these continuing studies may one day contribute to the understanding of the precise way in which chlorophyll and its relatives accomplish the primary quantum conversion into chemical potential which is used to drive the carbohydrate synthesis reaction.

LiPD and CSciBox: A Case Study in Why Data Standards are Important for Paleoscience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, I.; Bradley, E.; McKay, N.; Emile-Geay, J.; de Vesine, L. R.; Anderson, K. A.; White, J. W. C.; Marchitto, T. M., Jr.

2016-12-01

CSciBox [1] is an integrated software system that helps geoscientists build and evaluate age models. Its user chooses from a number of built-in analysis tools, composing them into an analysis workflow and applying it to paleoclimate proxy datasets. CSciBox employs modern database technology to store both the data and the analysis results in an easily accessible and searchable form, and offers the user access to the computational toolbox, the data, and the results via a graphical user interface and a sophisticated plotter. Standards are a staple of modern life, and underlie any form of automation. Without data standards, it is difficult, if not impossible, to construct effective computer tools for paleoscience analysis. The LiPD (Linked Paleo Data) framework [2] enables the storage of both data and metadata in systematic, meaningful, machine-readable ways. LiPD has been a primary enabler of CSciBox's goals of usability, interoperability, and reproducibility. Building LiPD capabilities into CSciBox's importer, for instance, eliminated the need to ask the user about file formats, variable names, relationships between columns in the input file, etc. Building LiPD capabilities into the exporter facilitated the storage of complete details about the input data-provenance, preprocessing steps, etc.-as well as full descriptions of any analyses that were performed using the CSciBox tool, along with citations to appropriate references. This comprehensive collection of data and metadata, which is all linked together in a semantically meaningful, machine-readable way, not only completely documents the analyses and makes them reproducible. It also enables interoperability with any other software system that employs the LiPD standard. [1] www.cs.colorado.edu/ lizb/cscience.html[2] McKay & Emile-Geay, Climate of the Past 12:1093 (2016)

Attraction, Oviposition and Larval Survival of the Fungus Gnat, Lycoriella ingenua, on Fungal Species Isolated from Adults, Larvae, and Mushroom Compost.

PubMed

Cloonan, Kevin R; Andreadis, Stefanos S; Chen, Haibin; Jenkins, Nina E; Baker, Thomas C

2016-01-01

We previously showed that the females of the mushroom sciarid, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) (Diptera: Sciaridae), one of the most severe pests of the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach (Agaricales: Agaricaceae), are attracted to the mushroom compost that mushrooms are grown on and not to the mushrooms themselves. We also showed that females are attracted to the parasitic green mold, Trichoderma aggressivum. In an attempt to identify what is in the mushroom compost that attracts female L. ingenua, we isolated several species of fungi from adult males and females, third instar larvae, and mushroom compost itself. We then analyzed the attraction of females to these substrates using a static-flow two choice olfactometer, as well as their oviposition tendencies in another type of assay under choice and no-choice conditions. We also assessed the survival of larvae to adulthood when first instar larvae were placed on each of the isolated fungal species. We found that female flies were attracted most to the mycoparasitic green mold, T. aggressivum, to Penicilium citrinum isolated from adult female bodies, and to Scatylidium thermophilium isolated from the mushroom compost. Gravid female flies laid the most eggs on T. aggressivum, Aspergillus flavus isolated from third instar larval frass, Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from adult male bodies, and on P. citrinum. This egg-laying trend remained consistent under no-choice conditions as females aged. First instar larvae developed to adulthood only on S. thermophilium and Chaetomium sp. isolated from mushroom compost, and on P. citrinum. Our results indicate that the volatiles from a suite of different fungal species act in tandem in the natural setting of mushroom compost, with some first attracting gravid female flies and then others causing them to oviposit. The ecological context of these findings is important for creating an optimal strategy for using possible

Basic design studies for a 600 MWe CFB boiler (270b, 2 x 600 C)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bursi, J.M.; Lafanechere, L.; Jestin, L.

Commercial CFB boilers are currently available in the 300 MWe equivalent range for use with international coal. Retrofitting of Provence 4 with a 250 MWe CFB boiler was an important step in CFB development. In light of the results obtained from two large French units--Emile Huchet 4 (125 MWe) and Provence 4 (250 MWe)--this paper focuses on the main technical points which are currently being studied in relation to the basic design of a 600 MWe CFB boiler, a project that has been undertaken by EDF. The general aim of this project is to demonstrate the competitiveness of a CFBmore » boiler compared with a PF boiler. The main areas of focus in the design of this large CFB boiler with advanced steam conditions are described. These points are subjected to particular analysis from a design standpoint. The objective is to prepare the precise specifications needed to ensure a product which is optimized in terms of quality/cost or service/cost. Due to the present lack of theoretical understanding of the refined and complex two-phase flow, design is a challenge which has to be based on reliable and comprehensive data obtained from large plants in commercial operation. This will ensure that the advantages of CFB which arise from the hydrodynamics within the circulation loop are maintained. The major goals of maintaining good particle residence time and concentration in the furnace are described. Misunderstanding of CFB furnace bottom conditions is also pointed out, with cost reduction and better NO{sub x} capture certainly among the major new targets in relation to bottom furnace design. General problems associated with the heat exchanger arrangement, principally those linked to high steam conditions and, especially, the vaporization system, are discussed. Once again, comparison with PF in this area showed that CFB boilers appear more competitive. Finally, the main area in which there is a need for sharing of CFB experience among CFB users is pointed out.« less

Between harm reduction, loss and wellness: on the occupational hazards of work.

PubMed

Shepard, Benjamin C

2013-04-01

Those working in the fields of harm reduction, healthcare, and human services must cope with a range of stresses, including post traumatic stress and vicarious trauma. Pain and loss are just a part of the job. So is dealing with premature death as a result of HIV, hypertension, and even overdose. Faced with a range of challenges, some workers in the field even turn to self-medication. For some, it is about pleasure; for others it is about alleviating suffering. In recent years, several leaders in the AIDS and harm reduction fields have died ahead of their time. Some stopped taking their medications; others overdosed. Rather than weakness or pathology, French sociologist Emile Durkheim saw self-destructive behavior as a byproduct of social disorganization and isolation, as a way of contending with a breakdown of social bonds and alienation. There are any number of reasons why such behavior becomes part of work for those involved with battling the dueling epidemics of Hepatitis C, HIV, and related concerns. Forms of stress related to this work include secondary trauma, compassion fatigue, organizational conflict, burnout, complications of direct services, and lack of funding. Faced with day-to- day struggles over poverty, punitive welfare systems, drug use, the war on drugs, high risk behavior, structural violence, and illness, many in the field are left to wonder how to strive for wellness when taking on so much pain. For some, self-injury and self-medication are ways of responding. Building on ethnographic methods, this reflective analysis considers the stories of those who have suffered, as well as a few of the ways those in the field cope with harm and pain. The work considers the moral questions we face when we see our friends and colleagues suffer. It asks how we as practitioners strive to create a culture of wellness and support in the fields of harm reduction, healthcare, and human services. Through a brief review of losses and literature thereof, the essay

Dual Level Digital Watermarking for Images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, V. K.; Singh, A. K.

2010-11-01

More than 700 years ago, watermarks were used in Italy to indicate the paper brand and the mill that produced it. By the 18th century watermarks began to be used as anti counterfeiting measures on money and other documents.The term watermark was introduced near the end of the 18th century. It was probably given because the marks resemble the effects of water on paper. The first example of a technology similar to digital watermarking is a patent filed in 1954 by Emil Hembrooke for identifying music works. In 1988, Komatsu and Tominaga appear to be the first to use the term "digital watermarking". Consider the following hypothetical situations. You go to a shop, buy some goods and at the counter you are given a currency note you have never come across before. How do you verify that it is not counterfeit? Or say you go to a stationery shop and ask for a ream of bond paper. How do you verify that you have actually been given what you asked for? How does a philatelist verify the authenticity of a stamp? In all these cases, the watermark is used to authenticate. Watermarks have been in existence almost from the time paper has been in use. The impression created by the mesh moulds on the slurry of fibre and water remains on the paper. It serves to identify the manufacturer and thus authenticate the product without actually degrading the aesthetics and utility of the stock. It also makes forgery significantly tougher. Even today, important government and legal documents are watermarked. But what is watermarking, when it comes to digital data? Information is no longer present on a physical material but is represented as a series of zeros and ones. Duplication of information is achieved easily by just reproducing that combination of zeros and ones. How then can one protect ownership rights and authenticate data? The digital watermark is the same as that of conventional watermarks.

Radial measurements of IMF-sensitive absorption features in two massive ETGs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaughan, Sam P.; Davies, Roger L.; Zieleniewski, Simon; Houghton, Ryan C. W.

2018-03-01

We make radial measurements of stellar initial mass function (IMF) sensitive absorption features in the two massive early-type galaxies NGC 1277 and IC 843. Using the Oxford Short Wavelength Integral Field specTrogaph (SWIFT), we obtain resolved measurements of the Na I 0.82 and FeH 0.99 indices, amongst others, finding both galaxies show strong gradients in Na I absorption combined with flat FeH profiles at ˜0.4 Å. We find these measurements may be explained by radial gradients in the IMF, appropriate abundance gradients in [Na/Fe] and [Fe/H], or a combination of the two, and our data are unable to break this degeneracy. We also use full spectral fitting to infer global properties from an integrated spectrum of each object, deriving a unimodal IMF slope consistent with Salpeter in IC 843 (x = 2.27 ± 0.17) but steeper than Salpeter in NGC 1277 (x = 2.69 ± 0.11), despite their similar FeH equivalent widths. Independently, we fit the strength of the FeH feature and compare to the E-MILES and CvD12 stellar population libraries, finding agreement between the models. The IMF values derived in this way are in close agreement with those from spectral fitting in NGC 1277 (x_{CvD}=2.59^{+0.25}_{-0.48}, x_{E-MILES}=2.77± 0.31), but are less consistent in IC 843, with the IMF derived from FeH alone leading to steeper slopes than when fitting the full spectrum (x_{CvD}=2.57^{+0.30}_{-0.41}, x_{E-MILES}=2.72± 0.25). This work highlights the importance of a large wavelength coverage for breaking the degeneracy between abundance and IMF variations, and may bring into doubt the use of the Wing-Ford band as an IMF index if used without other spectral information.

Influence of low ambient temperature on epitympanic temperature measurement: a prospective randomized clinical study.

PubMed

Strapazzon, Giacomo; Procter, Emily; Putzer, Gabriel; Avancini, Giovanni; Dal Cappello, Tomas; Überbacher, Norbert; Hofer, Georg; Rainer, Bernhard; Rammlmair, Georg; Brugger, Hermann

2015-11-05

Epitympanic temperature (Tty) measured with thermistor probes correlates with core body temperature (Tcore), but the reliability of measurements at low ambient temperature is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if commercially-available thermistor-based Tty reflects Tcore in low ambient temperature and if Tty is influenced by insulation of the ear. Thirty-one participants (two females) were exposed to room (23.2 ± 0.4 °C) and low (-18.7 ± 1.0 °C) ambient temperature for 10 min using a randomized cross-over design. Tty was measured using an epitympanic probe (M1024233, GE Healthcare Finland Oy) and oesophageal temperature (Tes) with an oesophageal probe (M1024229, GE Healthcare Finland Oy) inserted into the lower third of the oesophagus. Ten participants wore ear protectors (Arton 2200, Emil Lux GmbH & Co. KG, Wermelskirchen, Switzerland) to insulate the ear from ambient air. During exposure to room temperature, mean Tty increased from 33.4 ± 1.5 to 34.2 ± 0.8 °C without insulation of the ear and from 35.0 ± 0.8 to 35.5 ± 0.7 °C with insulation. During exposure to low ambient temperature, mean Tty decreased from 32.4 ± 1.6 to 28.5 ± 2.0 °C without insulation and from 35.6 ± 0.6 to 35.2 ± 0.9 °C with insulation. The difference between Tty and Tes at low ambient temperature was reduced by 82% (from 7.2 to 1.3 °C) with insulation of the ear. Epitympanic temperature measurements are influenced by ambient temperature and deviate from Tes at room and low ambient temperature. Insulating the ear with ear protectors markedly reduced the difference between Tty and Tes and improved the stability of measurements. The use of models to correct Tty may be possible, but results should be validated in larger studies.

Italian Polar Metadata System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longo, S.; Nativi, S.; Leone, C.; Migliorini, S.; Mazari Villanova, L.

2012-04-01

Italian Polar Metadata System C.Leone, S.Longo, S.Migliorini, L.Mazari Villanova, S. Nativi The Italian Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA) is a government initiative funding and coordinating scientific research activities in polar regions. PNRA manages two scientific Stations in Antarctica - Concordia (Dome C), jointly operated with the French Polar Institute "Paul Emile Victor", and Mario Zucchelli (Terra Nova Bay, Southern Victoria Land). In addition National Research Council of Italy (CNR) manages one scientific Station in the Arctic Circle (Ny-Alesund-Svalbard Islands), named Dirigibile Italia. PNRA started in 1985 with the first Italian Expedition in Antarctica. Since then each research group has collected data regarding biology and medicine, geodetic observatory, geophysics, geology, glaciology, physics and atmospheric chemistry, earth-sun relationships and astrophysics, oceanography and marine environment, chemistry contamination, law and geographic science, technology, multi and inter disciplinary researches, autonomously with different formats. In 2010 the Italian Ministry of Research assigned the scientific coordination of the Programme to CNR, which is in charge of the management and sharing of the scientific results carried out in the framework of the PNRA. Therefore, CNR is establishing a new distributed cyber(e)-infrastructure to collect, manage, publish and share polar research results. This is a service-based infrastructure building on Web technologies to implement resources (i.e. data, services and documents) discovery, access and visualization; in addition, semantic-enabled functionalities will be provided. The architecture applies the "System of Systems" principles to build incrementally on the existing systems by supplementing but not supplanting their mandates and governance arrangements. This allows to keep the existing capacities as autonomous as possible. This cyber(e)-infrastructure implements multi-disciplinary interoperability following

50th anniversary of the laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertolotti, M.

2010-09-01

On July, 7, 1960 a press conference at Huyghes announced that Maiman had assembled and put into operation the first laser. It was the very pulsed ruby laser that everybody knows today. The announcement came as a bomb. Nobody expected that in an unknown laboratory, new to the race to build a laser, this result could be obtained. It was such an unexpected result that many still today mantain that the true laser was discovered at Bell by Shawlow. This result was achieved through a long story which passed by the Townes maser and many tentative experiments and discussions both in the USA and Soviet Union. In this special issue we present a collection of papers which provide further information as to what happened after Einstein introduced the concept of stimulated emission. The first paper is a short paper by Townes on the development of the physics of microwaves following the creation of the maser. When the laser came on the stage one of its properties was the inherent coherence of the emitted light. Emil Wolf's contribution enlights the early days of coherence to which he so much contributed and the very timely first Rochester Conference which was held on June 27-29, 1960 a few days before the Times announcement of the Maiman achievement. Important contributions were given by Soviet Scientists and, Svetlana Lukishova's contributions helps us understand the work of Valentin Fabrikant which was mostly unknown to western scientists. At the end of his life, Maiman went to Vancouver in Canada and Andrew H. Rawicz gives his testimoniancy of his friendship there. Coherence and the statistical properties of laser light were much studied and we have two exceptional papers by Roy Pike and Jan Perina discussing these arguments. The issue also contains three more papers presenting some earlier achievements in the construction of multiquantumwell laser (M. L. Dotor, P. Huertas, P. A. Postigo, D. Golmayo and F. Briones), the first measurements on very short pulses (H. P. Weber and

Morphogenesis of the SW Balearic continental slope and adjacent abyssal plain, Western Mediterranean Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camerlenghi, Angelo; Accettella, Daniela; Costa, Sergio; Lastras, Galderic; Acosta, Juan; Canals, Miquel; Wardell, Nigel

2009-06-01

We present the seafloor morphology and shallow seismic structure of the continental slope south-east of the Balearic promontory and of the adjacent Algero-Balearic abyssal plain from multibeam and chirp sonar data. The main purpose of this research was to identify the sediment pathways from the Balearic promontory to the Algero-Balearic deep basin from the Early Pliocene to the Present. The morphology of the southern Balearic margin is controlled by a SW-NE structural trend, whose main expressions are the Emile Baudot Escarpment transform fault, and a newly discovered WSW-ENE trend that affects the SW end of the escarpment and the abyssal plain. We relate the two structural trends to right-lateral simple shear as a consequence of the Miocene westward migration of the Gibraltar Arc. Newly discovered steep and narrow volcanic ridges were probably enabled to grow by local transtension along the transform margin. Abyssal plain knolls and seahills relate to the subsurface deformation of early stage halokinetic structures such as salt rollers, salt anticlines, and salt pillows. The limited thickness of the overburden and the limited amount of deformation in the deep basin prevent the formation of more mature halokinetic structures such as diapirs, salt walls, bulbs, and salt extrusions. The uppermost sediment cover is affected by a dense pattern of sub-vertical small throw normal faults resulting from extensional stress induced in the overburden by subsurface salt deformation structures. Shallow gas seismic character and the possible presence of an active polygonal fault system suggest upward fluid migration and fluid and sediment expulsion at the seafloor through a probable mud volcano and other piercement structures. One large debris flow deposit, named Formentera Debris Flow, has been identified on the lower slope and rise of the south Formentera margin. Based on current observations, we hypothesize that the landslide originating the Formentera Debris Flow occurred in

Thellier's Betes Noires and how to Recognize Them

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunlop, D. J.

2007-12-01

When Emile Thellier invented his classic paleointensity determination method, he made it quite clear that it applied only to NRMs which had originated as TRMs carried by non-interacting single-domain grains. Baked clays and bricks satisfied his stringent requirements but volcanic rocks were tested and rejected as unsuitable. While most paleomagnetists would regard Thellier's stance as unduly rigid, it certainly would help improve the usual dismal success rate in paleointensity studies if at the outset one could recognize and discard Thellierś betes noires: (1) NRMs of non-TRM origin, such as CRMs and TCRMs, which are particularly insidious because they may yield linear Arai plots with the wrong slope; (2) interacting grains, which compromise the independence of non-overlapping pTRMs; (3) grains larger than single-domain size with non-reciprocal blocking and unblocking. Pre-screening based on physical mechanisms would also be an improvement compared to relying solely on reliability parameters and checks. These are effective in detecting laboratory alteration of a rock but less so in filtering out samples which behave reversibly, yet are flawed recorders of the paleofield. FORC diagrams combine analysis of coercivity distribution, strength of interactions, and basic domain state. Their effectiveness in weeding out magnetic deviants has been demonstrated by Carvallo et al. (JGR 111, B12103, 2006). However, the CRM/TCRM problem remains severe. Almost all CRMs measured by Draeger et al. (GJI 166, 12-32, 2006) had ideal Arai plots but field intensity values were in error by as much as a factor 2. Unfortunately CRM/TCRM is not easily diagnosed in individual samples, and we are driven to reconsider Thellier's dictum: don't take risks by using rocks whose NRM could be other than TRM. Unfortunately this includes many attractive candidates, volcanic glasses, baked contacts and most metamorphic rocks among them. A crude approach might be to reject those samples in a

Tropical climate trends inferred from coral δ18O: a comparison of CMIP5 forward-model results with paleoclimatic observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson, D. M.; Evans, M. N.; Cole, J. E.; Ault, T. R.; Emile-Geay, J.

2011-12-01

The response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to anthropogenic climate change remains highly uncertain, in part because of the disagreement among 20th-century trends derived from observations and coupled general circulation models (CGCMs). We use a model of reef coral oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) to compare the observational coral network with synthetic corals ('pseudocorals') modeled from CGCM sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-surface salinity (SSS). When driven with historical data, we found that a linear temperature and salinity driven model for δ18Ocoral was able to capture the spatial and temporal pattern of ENSO and the linear trend observed in 23 Indo-Pacific coral records between 1958 and 1990. However, we found that none of the pseudocoral networks obtained from a subset of 20th-century AR4 CGCM runs reproduced the magnitude of the secular trend, the change in mean state, or the change in ENSO-related variance observed in the coral network from 1890 to 1990 (Thompson et al., 2011). We believe differences between corals and AR4 CGCM simulated pseudocorals arose from uncertainties in the observed coral network or linear bivariate coral model, undersensitivity of AR4 CGCMs to radiative forcing during the 20th century, and/or biases in the simulated AR4 CGCM SSS fields. Here we apply the same approach to an extended temperature and salinity reanalysis product (SODA v2.2.4, 1871-2008) and CMIP 5 historical simulations to further address 20th-century tropical climate trends and assess remaining uncertainties in both the proxies and models. We explore whether model improvements in the tropical Pacific have led to a stronger agreement between simulated and observed tropical climate trends. [Thompson, D. M., T. R. Ault, M. N. Evans, J. E. Cole, and J. Emile-Geay (2011), Comparison of observed and simulated tropical climate trends using a forward model of coral δ18O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14706, doi:10.1029/2011GL048224.

ISO 14000: Origin, Structure, and Potential Barriers to Implementation.

PubMed

Casto; Ellisen; Trnovec; Kross; Ginter

1996-04-01

The ISO 14000 is likely to become the international standard for environmental management. At present, it is an evolving series of individual voluntary standards and guideline reference documents that provide business management with the structure for managing environmental impacts. These encompass environmental management systems, environmental audits, eco-labeling, environmental performance evaluations, life-cycle assessment, and environmental aspects in product standards. The authors present the rationale for the ISO 14000 and the steps in its evolution so far, as well as its present provisions and their implications and its position with regard to regulatory agencies. Particular attention is paid to the consequences of voluntary disclosure and correction of violations. Hanley & Belfus, Inc. Int J Occup Environ Health 1077-3525 2 2 1996 April/June Perspectives on Rural Environmental Health in Central Europe 125 134 EN Tomas Trnovec Burton C. Kross CIREH-Room 352, International Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Emil Ginter Life expectancy is about five to seven years less in Central European countries than in comparable countries in Western Europe. Environmental and occupational health risk factors, along with the socioeconomic and political conditions that have prevailed in this region for the past 40 years, are suspected contributing factors to this condition. The initial impression among observers was that environmental pollution by industry was the primary source of contamination leading to human health effects. Current thinking by the authors recognizes that combinations of personal habits, local environmental emissions (home heating), and occupational risk factors are more likely to be influencing the health of this region, particularly in rural areas. A predictive model for standard mortality rates determined that only three potential risk factors were statistically significant: consumption of alcoholic beverages, consumption of citrus

Program and abstracts of the Second Tsunami Source Workshop; July 19-20, 2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, W.H.K.; Kirby, S.H.; Diggles, M.F.

2010-01-01

In response to a request by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for computing tsunami propagations in the western Pacific, Eric Geist asked Willie Lee for assistance in providing parameters of earthquakes which may be future tsunami sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tsunami Source Working Group (TSWG) was initiated in August 2005. An ad hoc group of diverse expertise was formed, with Steve Kirby as the leader. The founding members are: Rick Blakely, Eric Geist, Steve Kirby, Willie Lee, George Plafker, Dave Scholl, Roland von Huene, and Ray Wells. Half of the founding members are USGS emeritus scientists. A report was quickly completed because of NOAA's urgent need to precalculate tsunami propagation paths for early warning purposes. It was clear to the group that much more work needed to be done to improve our knowledge about tsunami sources worldwide. The group therefore started an informal research program on tsunami sources and meets irregularly to share ideas, data, and results. Because our group activities are open to anyone, we have more participants now, including, for example, Harley Benz and George Choy (USGS, Golden, Colo.), Holly Ryan and Stephanie Ross (USGS, Menlo Park, Calif.), Hiroo Kanamori (Caltech), Emile Okal (Northwestern University), and Gerard Fryer and Barry Hirshorn (Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, Hawaii). To celebrate the fifth anniversary of the TSWG, a workshop is being held in the Auditorium of Building 3, USGS, Menlo Park, on July 19-20, 2010 (Willie Lee and Steve Kirby, Conveners). All talks (except one) will be video broadcast. The first tsunami source workshop was held in April 2006 with about 100 participants from many institutions. This second workshop (on a much smaller scale) will be devoted primarily to recent work by the USGS members. In addition, Hiroo Kanamori (Caltech) will present his recent work on the 1960 and 2010 Chile earthquakes, Barry Hirshorn and Stuart Weinstein (Pacific Tsunami

Attraction, Oviposition and Larval Survival of the Fungus Gnat, Lycoriella ingenua, on Fungal Species Isolated from Adults, Larvae, and Mushroom Compost

PubMed Central

Cloonan, Kevin R.; Andreadis, Stefanos S.; Chen, Haibin; Jenkins, Nina E.; Baker, Thomas C.

2016-01-01

We previously showed that the females of the mushroom sciarid, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) (Diptera: Sciaridae), one of the most severe pests of the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach (Agaricales: Agaricaceae), are attracted to the mushroom compost that mushrooms are grown on and not to the mushrooms themselves. We also showed that females are attracted to the parasitic green mold, Trichoderma aggressivum. In an attempt to identify what is in the mushroom compost that attracts female L. ingenua, we isolated several species of fungi from adult males and females, third instar larvae, and mushroom compost itself. We then analyzed the attraction of females to these substrates using a static-flow two choice olfactometer, as well as their oviposition tendencies in another type of assay under choice and no-choice conditions. We also assessed the survival of larvae to adulthood when first instar larvae were placed on each of the isolated fungal species. We found that female flies were attracted most to the mycoparasitic green mold, T. aggressivum, to Penicilium citrinum isolated from adult female bodies, and to Scatylidium thermophilium isolated from the mushroom compost. Gravid female flies laid the most eggs on T. aggressivum, Aspergillus flavus isolated from third instar larval frass, Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from adult male bodies, and on P. citrinum. This egg-laying trend remained consistent under no-choice conditions as females aged. First instar larvae developed to adulthood only on S. thermophilium and Chaetomium sp. isolated from mushroom compost, and on P. citrinum. Our results indicate that the volatiles from a suite of different fungal species act in tandem in the natural setting of mushroom compost, with some first attracting gravid female flies and then others causing them to oviposit. The ecological context of these findings is important for creating an optimal strategy for using possible

History of rhinology: anatomy of the paranasal sinuses.

PubMed

Stammberger, H

1989-09-01

The knowledge of the presence of the paranasal sinuses dates back to early mankind as well as attempts to treat their diseases. Apart from the sensory function of smell, however, little has been known about the function and especially the anatomy of the system till the end of the last century. Until the late middle ages sometimes obscure functions were attributed to the sinuses, like holding the "grease" for the movement of the eyeballs, or allowing the brain to "drain its bad spirits" to the outer world, bringing about names like "la cloaca del cerebro" by Sansovino in the 16th century. The old French expression of "rhume de cerveau" demonstrates these ideas having passed on into modern man's vocabulary. During the 17th and 18th century discussion was mainly about the function or purpose of the sinuses, and the rare anatomical studies were meant to support or prove one or the other "philosophies". Today's knowledge of the anatomy to a great deal goes back to the basic work of Emil Zuckerkandl of Austria, who starting from the 1870s described in subtile studies the anatomical and development details of the nose and the sinuses, opening an entire new field for scientific and surgical approach to the area. The decades around the turn of the century boost with studies on sectional and surgical anatomy, creating the specialty of rhinology and leading into our modern concepts of diagnosis and therapy of nasal and paranasal sinus diseases. Names like Grünwald, Onodi, Hajek and many others are closely linked with this creative period. Radiology, especially the development of conventional and computed tomography during the last two decades helped to "rediscover" the fascinating details and complex connections of the paranasal sinus system. Together with the development of the operating microscope and the endoscope this helped to open new ways for functional approaches and less radical microsurgery.

Democratizing science and technology education: Perspectives from the philosophy of education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierce, Clayton Todd

This study examines conceptualizations of science and technology and their relation to ideas of democratic education in the history of philosophy of education. My genealogical analysis begins by tracing the anti-democratic emergence of ideas and values of science and technology that have evolved through ancient and modern periods within the philosophy of education and continue to shape the ways science and technology are understood and treated in educational settings. From my critical engagement with Plato's Republic and Rousseau's Emile, I argue that anti-democratic structures and values have been embedded in philosophy of education through Plato's educational theory of techne and Rousseau's pedagogical theory that involves science and technology as important educational force. Following this theme, I analyze the work of John Dewey and Herbert Marcuse and their shared project for democratizing science and technology through education. Through a critical comparison of both theorists' models, I suggest that each provides positive legacies for philosophy of education to draw upon in rethinking the intersection of science, technology, and education: a strong model for understanding public problems associated with a highly technological and scientific society and a reconstructive framework for values and sensibilities that demands a new value relationship to be developed between humans and science and technology. Finally, I situate my critique and assessment of this history in the philosophy of education within the current science and technology education reform movement in the United States. I claim that the official models of science and technological literacy and inquiry, as constructed by the National Academy of Sciences and a host of governmental policies, shape science and technology education with a decidedly neo-liberal focus and purpose. In response to this anti-democratic movement I offer an alternative position that utilizes a counter-epistemology to the

Lean processes for optimizing OR capacity utilization: prospective analysis before and after implementation of value stream mapping (VSM).

PubMed

Schwarz, Patric; Pannes, Klaus Dieter; Nathan, Michel; Reimer, Hans Jorg; Kleespies, Axel; Kuhn, Nicole; Rupp, Anne; Zügel, Nikolaus Peter

2011-10-01

The decision to optimize the processes in the operating tract was based on two factors: competition among clinics and a desire to optimize the use of available resources. The aim of the project was to improve operating room (OR) capacity utilization by reduction of change and throughput time per patient. The study was conducted at Centre Hospitalier Emil Mayrisch Clinic for specialized care (n = 618 beds) Luxembourg (South). A prospective analysis was performed before and after the implementation of optimized processes. Value stream analysis and design (value stream mapping, VSM) were used as tools. VSM depicts patient throughput and the corresponding information flows. Furthermore it is used to identify process waste (e.g. time, human resources, materials, etc.). For this purpose, change times per patient (extubation of patient 1 until intubation of patient 2) and throughput times (inward transfer until outward transfer) were measured. VSM, change and throughput times for 48 patient flows (VSM A(1), actual state = initial situation) served as the starting point. Interdisciplinary development of an optimized VSM (VSM-O) was evaluated. Prospective analysis of 42 patients (VSM-A(2)) without and 75 patients (VSM-O) with an optimized process in place were conducted. The prospective analysis resulted in a mean change time of (mean ± SEM) VSM-A(2) 1,507 ± 100 s versus VSM-O 933 ± 66 s (p < 0.001). The mean throughput time VSM-A(2) (mean ± SEM) was 151 min (±8) versus VSM-O 120 min (±10) (p < 0.05). This corresponds to a 23% decrease in waiting time per patient in total. Efficient OR capacity utilization and the optimized use of human resources allowed an additional 1820 interventions to be carried out per year without any increase in human resources. In addition, perioperative patient monitoring was increased up to 100%.

[The Rosenthal experiment or: about the site of productive research - on move of the physiological experimental laboratory of Isidor Rosenthal (1836-1915) from the city to the country].

PubMed

Stahnisch, Frank W

2010-01-01

The disciplinary development of the new science of experimental physiology is often associated with the conditions of cultural development and increasingly technical working contexts of the Industrial Age. Following this perspective, the germ cells of 19th century institutes of experimental physiology were particularly found in the metropolises of Paris, Leipzig or Berlin. Only the major cities sat the revolutionary trends and within this general process, the scientific trends were no exceptions - the provincial research universities simply followed the central ones in their normal science endeavours. Due to this interpretation, the development of the scientific community was pre-formatted as the interplay of innovation (the city) and reception (the periphery). Isidor Rosenthal (1836-1915) was born in Labischin (District of Bromberg/Posen) in 1836 and got his medical training in Berlin. Like not many other experimental physiologists, he can be used as a historiographical testing probe, to follow the conditions of knowledge transfer from center to periphery: After his studies at the Friedrich Wilhelms University and the completion of his dissertation in 1859, Rosenthal entered the newly founded Physiological Institute in Berlin as the first Research Associate of Emil DuBois-Reymond (1818-1896). Rosenthal worked here particularly on the problem of "direct and indirect muscle irritation" in frogs. These neurophysiological investigations led to his growing scientific renown. In 1872, Rosenthal became offered a first professorship in physiology at the Friedrich Alexander University in Bavaria, as one of only few Jewish scientists (and even before Wilhelm Wundt, 1832-1920). But his life and work proved not only exceptional because of his scientific achievements, but also due to his deep rootedness in cultural life--both during his time in Berlin and in Erlangen. By applying a comparative and microhistorical approach in this article, the working conditions of this

[The 100th anniversary of Gustav Wilhelm Störring's "Lectures on Psychopathology". A review of his early years].

PubMed

Steinberg, H; Künstler, U

2000-06-01

The aim of this essay is to retell the life and work of philosopher and psychiatrist Gustav Wilhelm Störring (1860-1946) during his early years in Leipzig and Erdmannshain. His "Lectures on Psychopathology and its Impact on Normal Psychology", written 100 years ago, are acknowledged as his most important work. With this book Störring stands in opposition to many of his contemporaries, which is illustrated with his concept of mania. In some aspects, however, his ideas coincide with those of other well-known psychiatrists such as Emil Kraepelin. Both were inclined to the idea that psychiatry and psychology could mutually stimulate each other. Störring's work in Wundt's laboratory of experimental psychology had a major impact on his work. Wundt's ideas gave impetus to a lot of his work and also influenced papers Störring was to write later on. Störring's biography is followed until 1902 when he was appointed professor of philosophy of Zurich University, in which his friend Ernst Meumann was substantially involved. In Leipzig Störring had started his work as Flechsig's assistant at the hospital of psychiatry and neurology of Leipzig University. In 1897 he founded his own sanitarium for mentally and neurologically ill in Erdmannshain, a village near Leipzig, which he managed together with his wife Marie, née Bonacker. With the help of Wundt Störring qualifies as a university lecturer. During the years regarded here, however, he got more and more attracted to philosophical matters, thus turning away from neurosciences. In time he started to regard his work as physician as nothing more than necessary for making his living. His relationship with Wundt, who together with his laboratory of experimental psychology had previously made him wish to come to Leipzig, cooled down, at least on the part of the first. That puts an end to Störring's early years not only from the point of view of his biography but also from his work.

ITEC: a congress that stuck to its theme. [International Total Energy Congress, Copenhagen; review of papers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jenkins, N.

A personal view of some of the papers presented at the International Total Energy Congress is presented by EI correspondent, Norman Jenkins. Mr. Jenkins observed that the Congress ''largely ignored such questions as building design with its related fenestration and insulation problems and got down (to) the nitty-gritty of maximum energy-use. What would have been a digression also, discussion of the not unimportant areas of energy acquisition, oil exploration, and gas/coal supplies and prices were reduced to side issues. Questions of nuclear choice and reactor safety, although touched upon by several speakers and referred to almost in passing by delegates,more » were, again by mutual consent, not allowed to divert attention away from the main--and to some grim--purpose of the meeting.'' In his keynote address, Emil Constantinescu ''suggested that the United Nations, even if somewhat late in the day, at least had been informed of the solutions that Total Energy could offer and would be debating these and their significance more fully in the immediate future.'' Mr Lennart Larson reviewed the international and familiar scene and stated his conviction that a nuclear power program is needed in his native Denmark. Other papers reviewed deal with subjects concerning the feasibility of total energy for all countries, storing of hot water, disposal of wastes, costs,transmission, environmental considerations, heat pump applications, fuels including use of forest products, fluidized bed techniques, and the process of converting condensing units to back pressure. A schematic is shown proposed by Ekono, a Finnish consulting firm, for the supply of nuclear district heating to Basel, Switzerland. The plant is about 15 km from the city and hot water is supplied at two temperatures. New circuits would operate at 110/sup 0/C, but the existing system in the city operates at 180/sup 0/C and has to be integrated with the nuclear source through a satellite heat and power station. (MCW)« less

Comparing Apples to Apples: Paleoclimate Model-Data comparison via Proxy System Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dee, Sylvia; Emile-Geay, Julien; Evans, Michael; Noone, David

2014-05-01

under assumed dating uncertainties. We demonstrate the utility of the PSM framework with an integrative multi-PSM simulation. An intermediate-complexity AGCM with isotope physics (SPEEDY-IER, (Molteni, 2003, Dee et al., in prep)) is used to simulate the isotope hydrology and atmospheric response to SSTs derived from the LM PMIP3 integration of the CCSM4 model (Landrum et al., 2012). Relevant dynamical and isotope variables are then used to drive PSMs, emulating a realistic multiproxy network (Emile-Geay et al., 2013). We then ask the following question: given our best knowledge of proxy systems, what aspects of GCM behavior may be validated, and with what uncertainties? We approach this question via a three-tiered 'perfect model' study. A random realization of the simulated proxy data (hereafter 'PaleoObs') is used as a benchmark in the following comparisons: (1) AGCM output (without isotopes) vs. PaleoObs; (2) AGCM output (with isotopes) vs. PaleoObs; (3) coupled AGCM-PSM-simulated proxy ensemble vs. PaleoObs. Enhancing model-data comparison using PSMs highlights uncertainties that may arise from ignoring non-linearities in proxy-climate relationships, or the presence of age uncertainties (as is most typically done is paleoclimate model-data intercomparison). Companion experiments leveraging the 3 sub-model compartmentalization of PSMs allows us to quantify the contribution of each sub-system to the observed model-data discrepancies. We discuss potential repercussions for model-data comparison and implications for validating predictive climate models using paleodata. References Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Kageyama, M., Bartlein, P. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Abe-Ouchi, A., Otto-Bliesner, B., Zhao, Y., 06 2012. Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data. Nature Clim. Change 2 (6), 417-424. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1456 Emile-Geay, J., Cobb, K. M., Mann, M. E., Wittenberg, A. T., Apr 01 2013. Estimating central equatorial pacific sst

Between harm reduction, loss and wellness: on the occupational hazards of work

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Those working in the fields of harm reduction, healthcare, and human services must cope with a range of stresses, including post traumatic stress and vicarious trauma. Pain and loss are just a part of the job. So is dealing with premature death as a result of HIV, hypertension, and even overdose. Faced with a range of challenges, some workers in the field even turn to self-medication. For some, it is about pleasure; for others it is about alleviating suffering. In recent years, several leaders in the AIDS and harm reduction fields have died ahead of their time. Some stopped taking their medications; others overdosed. Rather than weakness or pathology, French sociologist Emile Durkheim saw self-destructive behavior as a byproduct of social disorganization and isolation, as a way of contending with a breakdown of social bonds and alienation. There are any number of reasons why such behavior becomes part of work for those involved with battling the dueling epidemics of Hepatitis C, HIV, and related concerns. Forms of stress related to this work include secondary trauma, compassion fatigue, organizational conflict, burnout, complications of direct services, and lack of funding. Faced with day-to- day struggles over poverty, punitive welfare systems, drug use, the war on drugs, high risk behavior, structural violence, and illness, many in the field are left to wonder how to strive for wellness when taking on so much pain. For some, self-injury and self-medication are ways of responding. Building on ethnographic methods, this reflective analysis considers the stories of those who have suffered, as well as a few of the ways those in the field cope with harm and pain. The work considers the moral questions we face when we see our friends and colleagues suffer. It asks how we as practitioners strive to create a culture of wellness and support in the fields of harm reduction, healthcare, and human services. Through a brief review of losses and literature thereof, the essay

Religion and assisted and non-assisted suicide in Switzerland: National Cohort Study.

PubMed

Spoerri, Adrian; Zwahlen, Marcel; Bopp, Matthias; Gutzwiller, Felix; Egger, Matthias

2010-12-01

In the 19th century, eminent French sociologist Emile Durkheim found suicide rates to be higher in the Protestant compared with the Catholic cantons of Switzerland. We examined religious affiliation and suicide in modern Switzerland, where assisted suicide is legal. The 2000 census records of 1,722,456 (46.0%) Catholics, 1,565,452 (41.8%) Protestants and 454,397 (12.2%) individuals with no affiliation were linked to mortality records up to December 2005. The association between religious affiliation and suicide, with the Protestant faith serving as the reference category, was examined in Cox regression models. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age, marital status, education, type of household, language and degree of urbanization. Suicide rates per 100,000 inhabitants were 19.7 in Catholics (1664 suicides), 28.5 in Protestants (2158 suicides) and 39.0 in those with no affiliation (882 suicides). Associations with religion were modified by age and gender (P < 0.0001). Compared with Protestant men aged 35-64 years, HRs (95% CI) for all suicides were 0.80 (0.73-0.88) in Catholic men and 1.09 (0.98-1.22) in men with no affiliation; and 0.60 (0.53-0.67) and 1.96 (1.69-2.27), respectively, in men aged 65-94 years. Corresponding HRs in women aged 35-64 years were 0.90 (0.80-1.03) and 1.46 (1.25-1.72); and 0.67 (0.59-0.77) and 2.63 (2.22-3.12) in women aged 65-94 years. The association was strongest for suicides by poisoning in the 65-94-year-old age group, the majority of which was assisted: HRs were 0.45 (0.35-0.59) for Catholic men and 3.01 (2.37-3.82) for men with no affiliation; 0.44 (0.36-0.55) for Catholic women and 3.14 (2.51-3.94) for women with no affiliation. In Switzerland, the protective effect of a religious affiliation appears to be stronger in Catholics than in Protestants, stronger in older than in younger people, stronger in women than in men, and particularly strong for assisted suicides.

Physical properties of northern Gulf of Mexico sediment and laboratory samples containing natural and synthetic methane gas hydrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winters, W. J.; Waite, W. F.; Mason, D. H.; Lorenson, T. L.; Paull, C. K.; Novosel, I.; Boldina, O. M.; Dallimore, S. R.; Collett, T. S.; Page 127 Shipboard Sc. Party

2003-04-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been involved in oceanographic and Arctic field programs and laboratory studies to better understand the relationship between natural gas hydrate and physical properties of surrounding sediment. Recently, the Institut Polaire Francais, Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) and the USGS jointly conducted a cruise aboard the Marion Dufresne to collect giant piston cores to determine the distribution of gas hydrate in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Hydrates recovered during the cruise did not appear to be lithologically controlled (unlike Canadian Arctic cores) and were either disseminated or were massive layers. Sediment water content typically decreases rapidly to a subbottom depth of about 8 to 9 m, but then decreases at a lower rate. At-sea help was provided by the IMAGES (International Marine Past Global Changes Study) and PAGE (Paleoceanography of the Atlantic and Geochemistry) programs, and funding was provided by the U.S. Dept. of Energy. We have used the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) to analyze sediment containing natural gas hydrate and to examine hydrate formed within (a) initially water-saturated and (b) partly-water saturated sieved Ottawa sand specimens at a pore pressure of 12 MPa and 250 kPa confining stress. Hydrate is formed when methane gas is slowly percolated into a 70-mm diameter by 140-mm long cylindrical specimen and subsequently the temperature is lowered to about 6 degrees C. We have found that acoustic velocity, shear strength, and permeability of samples containing different initial water contents are significantly affected by (a) the amount of hydrate present, (b) its distribution, (c) its position within pores, and (d) concentration at key locations. Acoustic P-wave velocities can increase from 1.7 km/s to 4.0 km/s using different hydrate and synthetic sample formation techniques. Although acoustic properties are significantly affected by hydrate at grain boundaries, the mere presence

PREFACE: IX International Conference on Modern Techniques of Plasma Diagnostics and their Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savjolov, A. S.; Dodulad, E. I.

2016-01-01

Ministry of Education and Science contract 02.•03.21.0005 of August 27th 2013). Papers selected by the Program Committee for publishing were reviewed under control of invited editors Prof. Andrey Kukushkin, Dr. Sci. Alexander Kukushkin, Dr. Sci. Elena Baronova, Dr. Emil Dodulad. We would like to thank heartily all of the speakers, participants and organizing committee members for their contribution to the conference

Geothermal influences on the abyssal ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emile-Geay, J.; Madec, G.

2017-12-01

Long considered a negligible contribution to ocean dynamics, geothermal heat flow (GHF) is now increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the large scale ocean's deep structure and circulation. This presentation will review the history of theories regarding geothermal influences on the abyssal ocean. Though the contribution to the thermal structure was recognized early on, its potential in driving a circulation [Worthington, 1968] was largely ignored on the grounds that it could not materially affect potential vorticity. Huang [JPO, 1999] proposed that GHF may provide 30-50% of the energy available for deep mixing, a calculation that later proved too optimistic [Wunsch & Ferrari ARFM 2004]. Model simulations suggested that a uniform GHF of 50 mW/m2 could drive an abyssal of a few Sverdrups (1 Sv = 106 m3.s-1) [Adcroft et al, GRL 2001], but it was not until Emile-Geay & Madec [OS, 2009] (EM09) that GHF began to be taken seriously [Mashayek et al, GRL 2013; Voldoire et al. Clim. Dyn. 2013; Dufresnes et al., Clim. Dyn. 2013]. Using analytical and numerical approaches, the study made 3 main points: GHF brings as much energy to the deep ocean as intense diapycnal mixing (1 cm2/s). GHF consumes the densest water masses, inducing a deep circulation of 5 Sv even without mixing. This circulation varies in inverse proportion to abyssal stratification. The spatial structure of GHF, highest at mid-ocean ridges and lowest in abyssal plains, matters far less than the fact that it bathes vast fractions of the ocean floor in a relatively low, constant flux. EM09 concluded that GHF "is an important actor of abyssal dynamics, and should no longer be neglected in oceanographic studies". Recent work has confirmed that geothermal heat flow is of comparable importance to ocean circulation as bottom-intensified mixing induced by internal wave breaking [De Lavergne et al, JPO 2016a,b]. Thus, including GHF in ocean general circulation models improves abyssal structure and

Successful revascularization of chronic total occlusion of lower extremity arteries: a wire only and bail out use of re-entry device approach.

PubMed

Langhoff, R; Stumpe, S; Treitl, M; Schulte, K L

2013-10-01

The management of progressive peripheral artery disease experienced a vast change in paradigms over the last decades for the benefit of minimal invasive therapy as a first-line strategy. With the constant development of new devices, materials and dedicated access strategies, more complex lesions can be managed but the limitations to successfully treat chronic total occlusions are still the challenge to re-enter the true lumen. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate, if a "wire only" strategy leads to an acceptable success rate in a mixed cohort of CTO lesions and to what extend re-entry devices are used. We retrospectively analyzed patients treated at the Vascular Center Berlin between 2011 and 2013 with chronic total occlusion out of a prospective conducted database (Endovascular MILestones - EMIL) for demographics, risk factors, co-morbidities, technical success rates, lesion characteristics and use of guidewires as well as re-entry systems. A total of 128 patients with 146 lesions, which represent a subgroup of all the cases performed in our center, following a predefined treatment algorithm for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), have been analyzed. We achieved a technical success in 133 (91.1%) of all cases following a "wire only" strategy. Out of 13 (8.9%) CTOs with technical failure in 7 (53.9%) CTOs a re-entry device (Off-Road®) with a 100% technical success has been used. In 91.1% of chronic total occlusion lesions the use of 2 wires only (88.7%) led to a successful recanalization. A "wire only" strategy followed by the use of a re-entry device as a bail out strategy, led to a total of 140 (96%) lesions to be successfully recanalized. In more than 90% of all cases with chronic total occlusion of peripheral lower extremity arteries, endovascular intervention has been successful following a "wire only" strategy. When deciding to use a re-entry device, in case of a failure of a proper wire re-entry at the reconstitution point, a technical

Effects of Medhya Rasayana and Yogic practices in improvement of short-term memory among school-going children.

PubMed

Sarokte, Atul Shankar; Rao, Mangalagowri V

2013-10-01

Excellent memory, extraordinary intelligence, great academic achievement, and successful career are the dreams of every individual in this era of competition and professionalism. A good memory power acts as a catalyst in all walks of life, be it academic success or maintenance of personal relationships. It is observed that an average man uses only 10% of his natural memory. Remaining 90% is left unused in a haphazard manner. As per the American psychologist Carl Emil Seashore, if one is alert and makes systematic attempts to awaken and use the natural memory properly, his/her natural memory would be activated creatively and would offer benefits of higher order. A comparative study was conducted comprising 90 subjects to know the efficacy of Medhya Rasayana and Yogic practices in short-term memory of school-going children. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months. It was an open, prospective, and randomized clinical study. The subjects of group A formed the control group and they were observed silently for 3 months without any intervention. The subjects in group B were administered with Choorna (powder) of four Medhya Rasayanas, Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), Guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. and Thoms.], and Sankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy), at a dose of 2 g twice daily with milk. Subjects belonging to group C were advocated regular Yogic practices of Asanas, Pranayama, and Dhyana. Further study revealed that among the three groups, group B treated with Medhya Rasayana showed highly significant and most effective changes with respect to objective parameters in the tests, i.e. (1) short-term memory test pictures and (2) serial recall effects test using memory scope. Among the three groups, group C treated with Yogic practices showed highly significant and most effective changes with respect to subjective and objective parameters in mini mental status scale i.e. test 3. The

Designing a new post-hole seismological station on Antarctica inlandsis (Concordia station)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bès de Berc, M.; Maggi, A.; Leveque, J. J.; Thore, J. Y.

2015-12-01

Concordia (75°S 123°E) is a scientific base operated by French and Italian polar institutes IPEV (Institut Paul-Emile Victor) and PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, and is located on the inlandsis of the East Antarctica plateau. It hosts a seismological station CCD which has provided observatory quality data since the year 2000, has been integrated into the Geoscope network since 2008 and whose data are now available in real-time from IRIS. The current seismic vault is located 800m from Concordia base, as far away as is deemed logistically possible by IPEV, at a depth of 12m. The vault is thermally very stable, but given the close distance to the base, suffers from increased diurnal noise (up to 40 dB) at frequencies above 1Hz, especially in the summer season. Anthropic noise is trapped in the firn (snow) layer, which forms an 100-110m thick waveguide, and is picked up very easily in the seismic vault. The vault is made from steel containers buried vertically in the snow. The hydrostatic pressure of the snow is deforming them: we see container cracking events on the seismograms, and also visual evidence of container deformation inside the vault. In the near future, this deformation will create a security problem.We have decided to progressively abandon our current vault, and construct a new post-hole seismological installation nearby. We plan to drill to 130m depth, which would place us below the firn layer waveguide and also below the ice pinch-out depth. To be able to run the station for several years and change or service the instrumentation if required, we need to keep the hole open, to avoid any hydrostatic movement, and to maintain good coupling between the sensor and the surrounding hard ice. To achieve these goals, we shall install a casing in the fin layer and then drill a few meters more without casing in hard ice. After installing the instrument, we shall then fill the whole hole with a drilling fluid whose density is similar to that

Seismic evidence for Messinian salt deformation and fluid circulation on the South Balearic margin (Western Mediterranean)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wardell, Nigel; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Urgeles, Roger; Geletti, Riccardo; Tinivella, Umberta; Giustiniani, Michela; Accettella, Daniela

2014-05-01

The south Balearic margin is characterized by an abrupt tectonically-controlled transition between a steep continental slope (Emile Baudot escarpment) and the Algero-Balearic abyssal plain, in which Messinain salt-induced deformation affects the seafloor morphology. Multichannel seismic profiles, multibeam bathymetry, and shallow seismic data demonstrate that the extent of salt deformation does not coincide with the bathymetric plain-slope transition. Instead, deformation occurs south of linear structure in the abyssal plain located some tens of kilometres from the base of the slope. The quality of the multi-channel seismic record in the deep water deformed area is severely decreased by the three dimensional character of the salt structures. However, the abyssal plain near the base of the slope reveals details on the Messinian sequence, its structure, post-Messinan deformation, and relation with subsurface fluids. The analysis of part of the EUROFLEETS SALTFLU multichannel seismic data set has included detailed RMS velocity analysis, post-stack and pre-stack time migration. An anomalously thick (up to 800 ms twt) acoustically laminated unit comprising the Messinian Upper Unit (UU) is present near the base of the slope and is characterized by syn-sedimentary gentle symmetric folding. The crests of such folds are affected by small-offset, layer-bound fractures and faults propagating from the upper part to the UU to the Plio-Quaternary sequence. Amplitude anomalies, polarity inversion and at times acoustic blanking reveal the presence of fluids (presumably gas) within the Messinian sequence. A clear seismic evidence for the Mobile Unit (MU, or salt layer) is missing in this area. Seismic evidence for the MU exists south of the linear structural boundary, where salt induced deformation has created vertical displacements of several hundreds of metres, diapiric growth, and at least two salt/mud piercement structures at the seafloor. In the highly deformed area, the UU

Evolution of the Concordia seismological observatory station CCD (GEOSCOPE network): a new post-hole installation on Antarctica inlandsis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zigone, D.; Danecek, P.; Bès de Berc, M.; Maggi, A.; Thore, J. Y.; Leveque, J. J.; Vallee, M.; Bernard, A.; Sayadi, J.; Morelli, A.; Delladio, A.; Chappellaz, J. A.; Alemany, O.; Possenti, P.; Stutzmann, E.; Bonaime, S.; Pesqueira, F.; Pardo, C.; Vincent, D.

2017-12-01

Concordia (75°S 123°E) is a scientific base operated by French polar institute IPEV (Institut Paul-Emile Victor) and Italian Antarctic Program PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide), and is located at Dome C, on the ice sheet of the East Antarctica plateau. It hosts a seismological observatory (CCD), which is jointly operated by EOST (Strasbourg) and INGV (Roma). The highly strategic location and remoteness is the key strength of our program, which has provided observatory quality data since 2000. The station has been integrated into the GEOSCOPE network in 2008 and the data are now available in real time through GEOSCOPE and IRIS. The observatory is located at distance of 1km from the base. The current installation is placed at a depth of 12m in an artificial vault constructed from two shipping containers and buried in the snow. The vault is thermally very stable, but the relatively close proximity to the base causes increased diurnal noise ( 40 dB) at frequencies above 1Hz, especially during the summer season. The uppermost 100 m thick firn (snow) layer forms a waveguide, where anthropic noise from the base is trapped and easily picked up by the seismometers (T240 and STS2). Another limitation comes from the hydrostatic pressure of the snow which is continuously deforming the metallic structures: we record container cracking events on the seismograms, and we see visual evidence of structural deformations inside the tunnel and the vault. We propose an evolution of the CCD station towards a post-hole installation. Placing a sensor at a depth of approximately 130 meters, will reduce noise from thermal effects, from tilting and from anthropogenic activity, because it would be located below the firn layer waveguide and the ice pinch-out depth. In order to operate the borehole station for several years, we intend to keep the hole open and the sensor accessible, while ensuring good coupling between the sensor and the surrounding hard ice. To achieve these

[1913: A hundred years ago, the Society of the History of Pharmacy was born].

PubMed

Lefebvre, Thierry

2014-10-01

The "Société d'histoire de la pharmacie" was chronologically the first society for the history of pharmacy in the world. It was initiated by a triumvirate : Eugene-Humbert Guitard (1884-1976), a young graduate of the "Ecole des chartes", Charles Buchet (1848-1933), director of an important pharmaceutical cooperative named "Pharmacie central de France", and Paul Dorveaux (1851-1938), the librarian of the Superior School of Pharmacy of Paris. Those three men were perfectly complementary: the pharmacist Buchet was the "financial", the doctor Dorveaux was the "strategist" and Guitard was in charge of the practical realization. To carry out this project, they appealed to men of good will. Finally, on February 1, 1913, seventy founding members gave birth to the "Societe d'histoire de la pharmacie". These founders came from diverse backgrounds. Some of them, such Dorveaux, belonged to the "Société française d'histoire de la medecine", founded ten years ago. Others were members of the Supervisory Committee of the "Pharmacie centrale de France". A third group consisted of university teachers, as Leon Guignard, the former director of the Superior School of Pharmacy of Paris. There was also some archivists and writers, for example Camille Bloch, Ferdinand Brunot and, of course, Eugene-Humbert Guitard. The largest contingent was made up of French historians and collectors, like Antoine Balland and Charles-Henri Fialon. There was also four foreign founders: the Danish John William Schibbye Johnsson (1868-1929), the American Edward Kremers (1865-1941), and the Germans Hermann Emil Schelenz (1848-1922) and Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938). All of them were correspondents and friends of Paul Dorveaux. As Guitard wrote in 1938, Dorveaux office was, at that time, the "world center" of the studies ofhistory of pharmacy. Morever, according Guitard, the new group could have be called "Societe internationale d'histoire de la pharmacie". The term "international" seemed unfortunately too

Attenuation of Slab determined from T-wave generation by deep earthquakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, J.; Ni, S.

2006-05-01

Douglas A.Wiens, Leroy M.Dorman, Seismic attenuation tomography of the Tonga-Fiji region using phase pair methods, Geophys. Res.,104,4795-4809,1999. [3]Emile A.Okal and Jacques Talandier, T waves from the great 1994 Bolivian deep earthquake in relation to channeling of S wave energy up the slab, J.Geophys. Res.,102(12):27421-27437,1997.

Teleexercise for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Case Series.

PubMed

Lai, Byron; Rimmer, James; Barstow, Beth; Jovanov, Emil; Bickel, C Scott

2016-07-14

system successfully recorded 85% of all exercise data. The exercise program was well tolerated by all participants. All participants described positive outcomes as a result of the intervention and stated that teleexercise circumvented commonly reported barriers to exercise participation. There were no reported adverse events and no dropouts. A teleexercise system can be a safe and feasible option to deliver home-based exercise for persons with SCI. Participants responded favorably to the intervention and valued teleexercise for its ability to overcome common barriers to exercise. Study results are promising but warrant further investigation in a larger sample. ©Byron Lai, James Rimmer, Beth Barstow, Emil Jovanov, C Scott Bickel. Originally published in JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology (http://rehab.jmir.org), 14.07.2016.

Historique en grandes enjambées de la thermodynamique de l'équilibre

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hertz, J.

2004-12-01

La Thermodynamique, une science totalement nouvelle au XIXème siècle, a germé en France en contrepoint des idées du siècle des Lumières, dans le milieu particulier des anciens élèves de l’Ecole Polytechnique, officiers supérieurs formés pour l’armée républicaine ou napoléonienne, mais qui ne trouvaient plus leur place dans l’armée de la Restauration. Ils se convertissaient en ingénieurs civils des métiers industriels en pleine expansion, comme le développement de la machine à vapeur ou des chemins de fer. La plupart d’entre eux, plutôt libre-penseurs, adhéraient aux idées scientistes du « positivisme », véhiculées dans les Loges de la Franc-Maçonnerie du Grand Orient de France et plus particulièrement dans les cercles Saint-Simoniens, premiers adeptes du socialisme industriel. C’est ainsi que naquit en 1824, dans le cerveau subtil mais brouillon de Sadi Carnot toute la vision illuminée de cette science nouvelle, incompréhensible pour ses contemporains. Elle ressuscita en 1834 sous la plume d’un Emile Clapeyron qui avait pris conscience de l’immensité de l’œuvre de Sadi Carnot. Mais le rappel de Clapeyron demeura également sans écho pendant dix années. Le réveil de la Thermodynamique se fera désormais hors de France par des hommes de grande pratique religieuse et généralement protestants. C’est ainsi que William Thomson en Ecosse et Rudolph Clausius, venu de Prusse, achevèrent l’œuvre de leurs deux prédécesseurs et que la Thermodynamique mécano-thermique fut définitivement établie en 1864. La thermodynamique chimique peut être attribuée à un seul génie mathématicien, Josiah Willard Gibbs qui travaillait tout seul au Yale College de New-Haven, dans le Connecticut, et rédigea sa nouvelle théorie entre 1875 et 1878. Enfin l’interprétation statistique du second principe sera l’œuvre en 1877 d’un Autrichien, Ludwig Boltzmann, homme génial mais fragile qui eut le temps d’insuffler ses id

Einstein*s witches* sabbath in Brussels: The legend and the facts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lambert, Franklin J.

2015-09-01

This paper is about the first Solvay Council on Physics, its surprising origin and its far reaching consequences. In spite of the various accounts that have been given by several authors - they include historians of science, but also outstanding scientists, such as Leon Rosenfeld, Niels Bohr and Eduardo Amaldi - it appears that only limited attention was paid so far to the more singular aspects of this legendary meeting, and to the peculiar circumstances which led to its convening. This fact may be due to the restricted availability of relevant documents, many of which are located in different archives. It also reflects the rather abstract character of Ernest Solvay*s Institute of Physics - an Institute without a permanent staff, governed by geographically separated bodies: a scientific committee with a chairman in Haarlem, a secretary in Copenhagen and an administrative committee in Brussels. One of the purposes of the paper is to fill this gap by revisiting the course of events which led to Solvay*s invitation of June 1911. Another aim is to present a brief, yet balanced, account of the deliberations which took place in October-November 1911, by pointing at some elements that may be regarded as highlights of the Council, and by focusing on the contrasting aspects of its main results: the contrast between the Council*s disappointing conclusions on the one hand, and its positive consequences on the other hand. Special attention in this context is given to the unexpected concern about the validity of Planck*s law, expressed by Emil Warburg, and to the apparent contradictions in Einstein*s private reactions to the outcome of the Brussels meeting. The paper also aims at restoring the truth about some facts regarding the Solvay reports and their discussion, by revealing the discrepancies between the official account - the Gauthier-Villars volume "La théorie du rayonnement et les quanta", published in 1912, and the actual proceedings of the conference, based on notes

In vitro differentiation of rat spermatogonia into round spermatids in tissue culture.

PubMed

Reda, A; Hou, M; Winton, T R; Chapin, R E; Söder, O; Stukenborg, J-B

2016-09-01

vitro or testosterone production was observed. The human testis is very different in physiology from the rat testis, further investigations are still needed to optimize the organ culture system for future use in humans. The successful differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia using the testis explant culture system might be employed in future to produce sperm from human spermatogonia as a clinical tool for fertility preservation in boys and men suffering infertility. None. This work was supported financially by the Frimurare Barnhuset in Stockholm, the Paediatric Research Foundation, Jeanssons Foundation, Sällskåpet Barnåvard in Stockholm, Swedish Research Council/Academy of Finland, Emil and Wera Cornells Foundation, Samariten Foundation, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation as well as through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet. All authors declare no conflicts of interests. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

[Disease mongering and bipolar disorder in Japan].

PubMed

Ihara, Hiroshi

2011-01-01

,600 in 2003. At the same time, antidepressant sales have sextupled, from\\14.5 billion in 1998 to\\87 billion in 2006, according to statistics from GlaxoSmithKline. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has shifted its focus from depression to bipolar disorder. Historically, Japanese psychiatrists have been familiar with Emil Kraepelin's "manic depressive insanity" (1899), whose definition was much narrower than that of its contemporary counterpart, bipolar disorder. Thus far, perhaps due partly to the reference in Kraepelin's definition of "manic depressive" disorder, Japanese psychiatrists have rather conservatively prescribed mood stabilizers for persons with frequent mood swings. Japanese psychiatrists can learn a great deal from their experience with the aggressive marketing of antidepressants. In the case of depression, over-medication arguably did more harm than good. The same risk exists with bipolar disorder. Disease mongering may occur whenever the interests of a pharmaceutical company exceed the expected benefits from the proposed pharmacotherapy on those affected by the putative bipolar disorder. In cases that are not severe enough for aggressive medication, psychiatrists should propose natural alternatives, such as an alteration of lifestyle and psychotherapy.

Major refit of R/V MARION DUFRESNE and giant sediment corer improvements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leau, Hélène; Réaud, Yvan

2015-04-01

The french Research Vessel MARION DUFRESNE is equipped with a unique sediment coring facility, called CALYPSO, developed initially by Yvon BALUT at the French Polar Institute, Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) that operates the vessel 217 days per year in all oceans. The CALYPSO sediment corer retrieves routinely 50 m long undisturbed sediment cores in any water depths, and presently holds the worldwide record of the longest core ever retrieved, that is 64.5 m. This vessel is then a fantastic opportunity for the paleoceanographic community to carry out expeditions at sea. Over the last 20 years, many international IMAGES coring expeditions were organized in all the ocean basins around the world on board the R/V MARION DUFRESNE. More than 1500 cores were retrieved, leading to major advances in the paleoceanography and paleoclimatology of the Late Quaternary. The vessel will celebrate her 20th anniversary in 2015 and will undergo a major refit on hull & machineries, public spaces, as well as scientific equipment. The coring capacity is currently being developed to further improve - The length of the retrievable core, with an objective of 75 m long core in routine - The quality of the sediment un-disturbance with a specially designed coring cable with controlled minimum elasticity - The safety of the operations at sea - The quality control of the operations with a suite of sensors and software allowing a detailed monitoring of the coring operation - The time requested for each operation - The environment data collection, in the same time as the coring operations The detailed description of the upgrades will be presented. They consist in a new suite of acoustic sensors that will be integrated on board the vessel during the 4 months ship yard stay from April to July 2015, amongst which a KONSBERG EM122 multibeam echo-sounder and a SBP 120-3 sub-bottom profiler, both mounted on a gondola fitted under the hull of the vessel. This equipment will allow the highest quality images of

Emergent nanoscale fluctuations in high rock-salt PbTe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Billinge, Simon

2013-03-01

describe the results of these experiments. This work gives key insights into PbTe, the possible origin of its anomalous electronic structure properties, and why it is such an attractive parent compound for nanostructured high performance thermoelectric materials. I would like to acknowledge the excellent collaborations that occurred during this work, including Emil Bozin at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Mercouri Kanatzidis and Christos Malliakas at Northwestern University and Argonne National Laboratory, Kirsten Jensen from U. Aarhus, Steve Shapiro at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Matt Stone and Mark Lumsden at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Nicola Spalding at ETH Zurich and Petros Souvatzis at Los Alamos National Laboratory. I would also like to acknowledge the support of the national user facilities and their staff where the work was done. Financial support for this work was from DOE office of Basic Energy Sciences through award DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Diurnal Variations of Depression-Related Health Information Seeking: Case Study in Finland Using Google Trends Data.

PubMed

Tana, Jonas Christoffer; Kettunen, Jyrki; Eirola, Emil; Paakkonen, Heikki

2018-05-23

"Masennus oireet" (P<.001), "Masennus" (P=.001), "Depression" (P=.005), and "Depression test" (P=.004). Higher search volumes for the terms "Masennus" (P=.14), "Masennustesti" (P=.07), and "Depression test" (P=.10) were present between the second and third time blocks. Help seeking for depression has clear diurnal patterns, with significant rise in depression-related query volumes toward the evening and night. Thus, search engine query data support the notion of the evening-worse pattern in diurnal mood variation. Information on the timely nature of depression-related interest on an hourly level could improve the chances for early intervention, which is beneficial for positive health outcomes. ©Jonas Christoffer Tana, Jyrki Kettunen, Emil Eirola, Heikki Paakkonen. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (http://mental.jmir.org), 23.05.2018.

Imaging the Antarctic Ice Sheet Subsurface with the HF GPR TAPIR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Gall, A.; Ciarletti, V.; Berthelier, J.; Reineix, A.; Ney, R.; Bonaimé, S.; Corbel, C.

2006-12-01

An HF impulse polarimetric Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) operating at very low frequencies (ranging from ~2 to 8MHz) has been developed in the frame of the NetLander mission. This instrument, named TAPIR (Terrestrial And Planetary Investigation by Radar), was designed to probe the Martian subsurface down to kilometric depth and search for potential water reservoirs. Although the NetLander mission was cancelled in 2003, the interest on the exploration of Martian subsurface was recently enhanced by the promising observations of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on board of the ESA Mars Express orbiter. In particular, MARSIS detected the base of the North Polar Layered Deposits, penetrating up to ~1.8km the ice-rich upper layer of the underground. Such results suggest that TAPIR, which operates in the same frequency range as MARSIS and can performed a higher number of coherent integrations, is able to reach deeper structures. Yet, in contrast with classical GPRs, TAPIR can not move onto the surface and thus won't provide 2D or 3D scan of the subsurface. To retrieve, in spite of this NetLander restraint, the 3D distribution of the reflecting facets of the underground, the instrument was equipped with two electrical dipoles and a rotating magnetic sensor. These antennas allow to derive, from the measured values of 5 components of the wave field, the direction of arrival of the reflected waves hence the inclination of the buried reflectors. The first validation of this innovative concept was carried out during the RANETA (RAdar of NEtlander in Terre Adélie) campaign organized by the Institute Paul-Emile Victor in January-February 2004. This campaign took place on the Antarctic ice sheet close to the French-Italian Cap Prudhomme station. 8 soundings of the ice shelf were performed on various sites corresponding to different altitudes above the sea level (ranging from ~285m to ~1100m). We shall provide a detailed description of the

In vitro differentiation of rat spermatogonia into round spermatids in tissue culture

PubMed Central

Reda, A.; Hou, M.; Winton, T.R.; Chapin, R.E.; Söder, O.; Stukenborg, J.-B.

2016-01-01

supportive effect of the supplementation with any factor or the co-culturing with epididymal fat tissue on germ cell differentiation in vitro or testosterone production was observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The human testis is very different in physiology from the rat testis, further investigations are still needed to optimize the organ culture system for future use in humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The successful differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia using the testis explant culture system might be employed in future to produce sperm from human spermatogonia as a clinical tool for fertility preservation in boys and men suffering infertility. LARGE SCALE DATA None. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported financially by the Frimurare Barnhuset in Stockholm, the Paediatric Research Foundation, Jeanssons Foundation, Sällskåpet Barnåvard in Stockholm, Swedish Research Council/Academy of Finland, Emil and Wera Cornells Foundation, Samariten Foundation, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation as well as through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet. All authors declare no conflicts of interests. PMID:27430551

Tamarugite from Diana Cave (SW Romania) -first true karst occurrence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pušcaš, C. M.; Onac, B. P.; Effenberger, H. S.; Povarǎ, I.

2012-04-01

éliminaires sur les grottes influencées par les eaux thermo-minérales de la zone Baile-Herculane. Trav. Inst. Speol. "Emile Racovitza", XI, 355-365. [2] Rodgers, K.A., Hamlin, K.A., Browne, P.R.L., Campbell, K.A., Martin, R. (2000). The steam condensate alteration mineralogy of Ruatapu cave, Orakei Korako geothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Mineralogical magazine, 64(1), 125-142. [3] Onac, B.P., Sumrall, J., Tama?¸ T., Povara, I., Kerns, J., Dârmiceanu, V., Vere?¸ D., Lascu, C. (2009). The relationship between cave minerals and H2S-rich thermal waters along the Cerna Valley (SW Romania). Acta Carsologica, 38(1), 27-39. [4] Lazaridis G, Melfos, V, Papadopoulou L (2011). The first cave occurrence of orpiment (As2S3) from the sulfuric acid caves of Aghia Paraskevi (Kassandra Peninsula, N. Greece). International Journal of Speleology, 40(2): 133-139.

Greater India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Jason R.; Aitchison, Jonathan C.

2005-10-01

"Greater India" is an 80-yr-old concept that has been used by geoscientists in plate tectonic models of the India-Asia collision system. Numerous authors working on the orogen and/or plate models of the broader region have added various sized chunks of continental lithosphere to the now northern edge of their reconstructed Indian plate. Prior to plate tectonic theory, Emile Argand (1924) [Argand, E., 1924. La tectonique de l' Asie. Proc. 13th Int. Geol. Cong. 7 (1924), 171-372.] and Arthur Holmes (1965) [Holmes, A., 1965. Principles of Physical Geology, Second Edition. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1128.] thought that the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau had been raised due to the northern edge of the Indian craton under-thrusting the entire region. Since the advent of plate tectonic theory, Greater India proposals have been based principally on three lines of logic. One group of workers has added various amounts of continental lithosphere to India as part of their Mesozoic Gondwana models. A second form of reconstruction is based on Himalayan crustal-shortening estimates. A third body of researchers has used India continent extensions as means of allowing initial contact between the block and the Eurasian backstop plate in southern Tibet to take place at various times between the Late Cretaceous and late Eocene in what we call "fill-the-gap" solutions. The Indian craton and the southern edge of Eurasia were almost invariably some distance from one another when the collision was supposed to have started; extensions to the sub-continent were used to circumvent the problem. Occasionally, Greater India extensions have been based on a combination of fill-the-gap and shortening estimate arguments. In this paper, we exhume and re-examine the key Greater India proposals. From our analysis, it is clear that many proponents have ignored key information regarding the sub-continent's pre break-up position within Gondwana and the bathymetry of the Indian Ocean

Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Heiskanen, Marja A; Motiani, Kumail K; Mari, Andrea; Saunavaara, Virva; Eskelinen, Jari-Joonas; Virtanen, Kirsi A; Koivumäki, Mikko; Löyttyniemi, Eliisa; Nuutila, Pirjo; Kalliokoski, Kari K; Hannukainen, Jarna C

2018-05-02

��= 0.036 for time effect) without any changes in pancreatic substrate uptake (p ≥ 0.31 for time effect in both insulin-stimulated glucose and fasting state fatty acid uptake). In prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men and women, both exercise modes similarly improved variables describing beta cell function. Two weeks of exercise training improves beta cell function in prediabetic or type 2 diabetic individuals and decreases pancreatic fat regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. This study shows that short-term training efficiently reduces ectopic fat within the pancreas, and exercise training may therefore reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01344928 FUNDING: This study was funded by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, the Finnish Diabetes Foundation, the Orion Research Foundation, the Academy of Finland (grants 251399, 256470, 281440, and 283319), the Ministry of Education of the State of Finland, the Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, the Turku University Foundation, and the Finnish Medical Foundation.

Controversies in Treatment of Acetabular Fracture

PubMed Central

Grubor, Predrag; Krupic, Ferid; Biscevic, Mirza; Grubor, Milan

2015-01-01

Introduction: Acetabular fractures treatment represents a great controversy, challenge and dilemma for an orthopedic surgeon. Aim: The aim of the paper was to present the results of treatment of 96 acetabular fractures in the Clinic of Traumatology Banja Luka, in the period from 2003 to 2013, as well as to raise awareness regarding the controversy in the methods of choice in treating acetabulum fractures. Material and methods: The series consists of 96 patients, 82 males and 14 females, average age 40.5 years. Traffic trauma was the cause of fractures in 79 patients (85%), and in 17 patients (15%) fractures occurred due to falls from height. Polytrauma was present in 31 patients (32%). According to the classification of Judet and Letournel, representation of acetabular fractures was as follows: posterior wall in 32 patients, posterior column in 28, anterior wall in 4, anterior column in 2, transverse fractures in 8, posterior wall and posterior column in 10, anterior and posterior wall in 6, both- column in 4 and transversal fracture and posterior wall in 2 patients. 14 patients were treated with traction, that is, 6 patients with femoral traction and 8 patients with both lateral and femoral traction. 82 patients (86.4%) were surgically treated. Kocher-Langenbeck approach was applied in the treatment of 78 patients. In two patients from the Kocher-Langenbeck’s approach, the Ollier’s approach had to be applied as well. Two acetabular were primarily treated with Ollier’s approach. Extended Smith- Peterson’s approach was applied 4 times, and Emile Letournel’s (ilioinguinal) approach 14 times. Results: Functional outcome (after follow-up of 18 months), according to the Harris hip score of surgical treatment in 82 patients, was as follows: good 46 (56%), satisfactory 32 (39%) and poor 4 (5%). Results of acetabulum fractures treated with traction were: good 8 (57%), satisfactory 4 (28%) and poor 2 (15%). According to the Brook’s classification of heterotopic

Fragility of estimated spatial temperature patterns in climate field reconstructions of the Common Era

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, J.; Emile-Geay, J.; Vaccaro, A.; Guillot, D.; Rajaratnam, B.

2013-12-01

updated multi-proxy network and produce a new 2000-year-long global temperature reconstruction. The network expands upon the existing M08 network by screening tree-ring proxies for the 'divergence problem' [D'Arrigo et al., 2008] and adds 58 non tree-ring proxies, of which 28 are located in the tropics and 11 are available within at least the past 1500 years. Overall, considerable differences are still evident among reconstructions using different CFR methods. Yet such differences are smaller using the updated proxy network compared with using the M08 network, consistent with pseudoproxy studies [Wang et al, 2013]. Our results collectively highlight the fragility of reconstructed patterns in the current state of proxy networks and CFR methods. We conclude that dynamical interpretations of such patterns are premature until these technical aspects are resolved. Reference: Wang, J., Emile-Geay, J., Guillot, D., Smerdon, J. E., and Rajaratnam, B.: Evaluating climate field reconstruction techniques using improved emulations of real-world conditions, Clim. Past Discuss., 9, 3015-3060, doi:10.5194/cpd-9-3015-2013, 2013.

Physical Properties of Sediment Related to Gas Hydrate in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winters, W. J.; Novosel, I.; Boldina, O. M.; Waite, W. F.; Lorenson, T. D.; Paull, C. K.; Bryant, W.

2002-12-01

often recorded in the upper 8 to 15 m of sediment. Electrical resistivity typically increases from about 0.4 to 0.5 ohm-m near the top of many cores, to about 0.7 ohm-m near the base of the deeper recovered sediment. These values are typical for clay-rich fine-grained sediment with high water content. Although the amount of gas hydrate in the natural environment is enormous, little is known about its distribution in sea-floor sediment or even exactly how it forms. A goal of this cruise was to find evidence for the existence of gas hydrate away from obvious seafloor gas-hydrate mounds and at depth in the sediment. This international, multi-discipline coring cruise was conducted jointly by the Institut Polaire Francais, Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) and the USGS aboard the 120-m-long French research vessel, Marion Dufresne. Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Dept. of Energy and considerable at-sea help was provided by an international group of about 40 scientists under the IMAGES (International Marine Past Global Changes Study) and PAGE (Paleoceanography of the Atlantic and Geochemistry) programs.

High Valent Manganese and Cobalt Complexes of Oxidatively Robust Nitrogen and Oxygen Donor Ligands.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon-Wylie, Scott Wallace

1995-01-01

The focus of this thesis is to extend the range of ligands that satisfy the Collins criteria through a program of organic synthesis, and to apply the resulting high valent metal ligand complexes to the solution of current problems in structural inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry (with a particular emphasis on magnetic interactions in solids) and to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Notable achievements along these directions to date are: (i) A streamlined synthesis of diamide dialkoxide and diamide diphenoxide acyclic ligands which allows for a wide range of both electron withdrawing and electron donating substituents to be incorporated into the ligand framework. (ii) The first example of a LMn(V)O species stable enough to be crystallographically characterized was obtained, utilizing the acyclic ligands of (i). (iii) Catalytic O-atom transfer oxidations utilizing acyclic ligands from (i) have been performed. Planar Co(III) complexes of these ligands can catalyze O-atom transfers, ^1 with 30-50 turnovers, including enantioselective ones,^2 implicating that the ligands remain at least partially intact during the catalytic process. (iv) Unusual magnetic ordering has been observed in an infinite linear chain of S = 2 LMn(III) centers, in collaboration with Edmund P. Day. (v) Ferromagnetic exchange has been obtained in a ((LCo(III)) _3Co(II)) ^{-} complex^4 Magnetic model building in collaboration with Gordon Yee and Emile Bominaar has led to an understanding of the magnetic data suitable for publication.^5 (vi) Adaptation of a range of electronic substituents (see (i)) into a macrocyclic framework^7 allows for the preparation of hydrolytically and oxidatively stable high valent metal complexes. The presence of a range of electronic substituents further allows redox potentials for a single (LM) ^{rm n+}/(LM) ^{(rm n+1)+ } oxidation process to be tuned over a range that spans ca. 1 V. (vii) Initial linear syntheses for these macrocycles involved the use of

The development of phlebology in Hungary.

PubMed

Sándor, T; Bihari, I

2013-02-01

Angiology as an independent discipline together with phlebology started in Hungary with the work of Károly Bugár-Mészáros. Major chapters can be read on venous diseases in his book published in 1944. A milestone in pharmacological phlebology was the discovery of the flavonoids by Albert Szentgyörgyi. After World War II Geza de Takats played an important role in the development of modern venous surgery in the USA. On the initiative of Lajos Soltész, the Phlebological Section of the Hungarian Society of Angiology was founded in 1979, chaired by György Radó. András Hetényi, Tamás Sándor and Viktória Várkonyi assisted the organisation of the section. In the 1980s centers were formed throughout the country where up-to-date phlebological treatments were performed. International relationships were built mainly with Austrian and German experts such as Robert May and Oswald Petter. From 1987, under the direction of György Acsády a large scale phlebological activity developed in the country. The section organised courses and training sessions, Hungarian phlebologists presented papers at international conferences, foreign experts visited Hungary. After György Vas's monograph, Attila Nemes and Imre Bihari wrote books on venous diseases. The 1st European Congress of the Union Internationale de Phlébologie, with 1000 participants including the leading phlebologists of the world was held in Budapest in 1993. Érbetegségek (Vascular Diseases) the official journal of the Hungarian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery was published in 1994 and The Club of Sclerotherapists was formed in 1997. At the regular meetings of the Club, which is now called Hungarian Venous Forum, the lectures cover every aspect of venous diseases and overlapping disciplines as well. Éva Meskó and Zsolt Pécsvárady have played outstanding roles in the organisation of internal medical phlebology. Emil Monos, the investigator of physiological control of haemodynamics of the venous

PREFACE: Loops 11: Non-Perturbative / Background Independent Quantum Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mena Marugán, Guillermo A.; Barbero G, J. Fernando; Garay, Luis J.; Villaseñor, Eduardo J. S.; Olmedo, Javier

2012-05-01

Netherlands), Jacek Puchta (Centre de Physique Théorique de Luminy, Marseille, France), James Ryan (Albert Einstein Institute, Potsdam, Germany), Lorenzo Sindoni (Albert Einstein Institute, Golm, Germany), David Sloan (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands), Johannes Tambornino (Laboratoire de Physique, ENS Lyon, France), Andreas Thurn (Institute for Theoretical Physics III, FAU Erlangen Nürnberg, Germany), Francesca Vidotto (Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, France), and Matteo Smerlak (Albert Einstein Institute, Golm, Germany). We would like to conclude this preamble by thanking all the attendants of the conference for their high and enthusiastic participation. The presence of a large number of past and present Loop Quantum Gravity practitioners, as well as a significant number of top researchers in other approaches to quantum gravity, provided ample opportunities for fruitful scientific exchanges and a very lively atmosphere. It is encouraging to see that, 25 years after the inception of Loop Quantum Gravity, there is a vibrant young community of researchers entering the field. Let us hope that, with their help, the quantization of general relativity can be successfully accomplished in the near future. The Editors Conference photograph

Editorial: Focus on Dynamics and Thermalization in Isolated Quantum Many-Body Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cazalilla, M. A.; Rigol, M.

2010-05-01

interaction quenches in the Hubbard model: prethermalization and non-equilibrium dynamics Michael Moeckel and Stefan Kehrein Quantum quenches in integrable field theories Davide Fioretto and Giuseppe Mussardo Dynamical delocalization of Majorana edge states by sweeping across a quantum critical point A Bermudez, L Amico and M A Martin-Delgado Thermometry with spin-dependent lattices D McKay and B DeMarco Near-adiabatic parameter changes in correlated systems: influence of the ramp protocol on the excitation energy Martin Eckstein and Marcus Kollar Sudden change of the thermal contact between two quantum systems J Restrepo and S Camalet Reflection of a Lieb-Liniger wave packet from the hard-wall potential D Jukić and H Buljan Probing interaction-induced ferromagnetism in optical superlattices J von Stecher, E Demler, M D Lukin and A M Rey Sudden interaction quench in the quantum sine-Gordon model Javier Sabio and Stefan Kehrein Dynamics of an inhomogeneous quantum phase transition Jacek Dziarmaga and Marek M Rams

NGC 4945: The Milky Way's not-so-distant Cousin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2009-09-01

ESO has released a striking new image of a nearby galaxy that many astronomers think closely resembles our own Milky Way. Though the galaxy is seen edge-on, observations of NGC 4945 suggest that this hive of stars is a spiral galaxy much like our own, with swirling, luminous arms and a bar-shaped central region. These resemblances aside, NGC 4945 has a brighter centre that likely harbours a supermassive black hole, which is devouring reams of matter and blasting energy out into space. As NGC 4945 is only about 13 million light-years away in the constellation of Centaurus (the Centaur), a modest telescope is sufficient for skygazers to spot this remarkable galaxy. NGC 4945's designation comes from its entry number in the New General Catalogue compiled by the Danish-Irish astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer in the 1880s. James Dunlop, a Scottish astronomer, is credited with originally discovering NGC 4945 in 1826 from Australia. Today's new portrait of NGC 4945 comes courtesy of the Wide Field Imager (WFI) instrument at the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. NGC 4945 appears cigar-shaped from our perspective on Earth, but the galaxy is actually a disc many times wider than it is thick, with bands of stars and glowing gas spiralling around its centre. With the use of special optical filters to isolate the colour of light emitted by heated gases such as hydrogen, the image displays sharp contrasts in NGC 4945 that indicate areas of star formation. Other observations have revealed that NGC 4945 has an active galactic nucleus, meaning its central bulge emits far more energy than calmer galaxies like the Milky Way. Scientists classify NGC 4945 as a Seyfert galaxy after the American astronomer Carl K. Seyfert, who wrote a study in 1943 describing the odd light signatures emanating from some galactic cores. Since then, astronomers have come to suspect that supermassive black holes cause the turmoil in the centre of Seyfert galaxies. Black holes

Investigation of decadal-scale divergence in tree-ring density chronologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaccaro, A.; Emile-Geay, J.; Anchukaitis, K. J.; Wang, J.

2013-12-01

criteria, including most of the updated Schweingruber network. Other climate field reconstruction (CFR) methods as described by Wang et al. (2013) will be used on our new tree-ring network to check for robustness. The tree-ring data will be independently compared to instrumental temperature series derived from the GHCN-monthly, HadCRUT4, and the M09 infilled HadCRUT3v temperature datasets for cross-validation. Implications for large-scale temperature reconstructions of the Common Era will be discussed. Briffa, K.R., F. H. Schweingruber, P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn, S.G. Shiyatov, and E.A. Vaganov (1998),Reduced sensitivity of recent tree-growth to temperature at high northern latitudes, Nature, 391, 678-682. D'Arrigo, R., R. Wilson, B. Liepert, and P. Cherubini (2008), On the ';Divergence Problem' in Northern Forests: A review of the tree-ring evidence and possible causes, GAPC, 60, 289-305. Esper, J. and D. Frank (2009), Divergence pitfalls in tree-ring research, Climate Change, 94, 261-266. Mann, M.E., Z. Zhang, M.K. Hughes, R.S. Bradley, S.K. Miller, S. Rutherford, and F. Ni (2009), Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia, PNAS, 105 (36) 13252-13257. Wang, J., J. Emile-Geay, D. Guillot, and J. E. Smerdon (2013), Evaluating climate field reconstruction techniques using improved emulations of real-world conditions. CPD, 9, 3015-3060.

Mental health and developmental outcomes for children born after ART: a comparative prospective study on child gender and treatment type.

PubMed

Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Tiitinen, Aila; Lindblom, Jallu; Unkila-Kallio, Leila; Flykt, Marjo; Vänskä, Mervi; Poikkeus, Piia; Tulppala, Maija

2016-01-01

existed. The ART boys showed lower levels of cognitive problems than the NC boys, whereas ART girls showed higher levels of cognitive problems than the NC girls (Group × Gender-interaction effects with Bonferroni post hoc tests on mother-reports, P < 0.01). Further, unlike in the NC group, where boys showed more externalizing symptoms and social and cognitive developmental problems than girls (Group × Gender-interaction effects with Bonferroni post hoc tests for both parents' reports, P < 0.05), gender differences were not found in the ART group. Within the ART group, IVF and ICSI children did not differ in terms of mental health or developmental outcomes, and no significant gender differences emerged. The information on children's mental health and development was based on parental reports only. The dropout rate between the child's first year and the school age assessments was very high for fathers (57.4%) and substantial for mothers (30.1%), and the participating group was biased for older age of both parents and for better education of the fathers. The findings indicate the importance of considering child gender in learning about multiple developmental outcomes among children born after ART. This study was supported by the Academy of Finland (#11232276), the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, The Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Funds, and the National Graduate School of Psychology. None of authors has any competing interests to declare. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Four centuries of tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature from coral archives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emile-Geay, J.; Guillot, D.; Cobb, K. M.; Cole, J. E.; Correge, T.; Tudhope, A. W.; Rajaratnam, B.

2012-12-01

during the instrumental and pre- instrumental period. In detail, SST patterns associated with individual drought episodes may deviate from the canonical La Nina (Cook et al., 2007). Finally, superposed epoch analysis confirms the results of Adams et al. (2003) that El Nino events tend to follow large tropical explosive eruptions. A formal analysis of uncertainties will put these findings into a probabilistic context. References Adams, J., M. Mann, and C. Ammann (2003), Proxy evidence for an El Nino-like response to volcanic forcing, Nature, 426, 274-278, doi:10.1038/nature02101. Cook, E. (2008), North american summer PDSI reconstructions, version 2a, NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA Data Contribution Series # 2008-046, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology. Cook, E., R. Seager, M. Cane, and D. Stahle (2007), North American drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences, Earth Sc. Rev. Guillot, D., B. Rajaratnam, and J. Emile-Geay (in revision), A graphical model based approach to paleoclimate reconstruction, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. McGregor, S., A. Timmermann, and O. Timm (2010), A unified proxy for ENSO and PDO variability since 1650, Climate of the Past, 6(1), 1-17, Newman, M., S.-I. Shin, and M. A. Alexander (2011), Natural variation in ENSO flavors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(14) Yeh, S.-W., J.-S. Kug, B. Dewitte, M.-H. Kwon, B. P. Kirtman, and F.-F. Jin (2009), El Nino in a changing climate, Nature, 461(7263), 511-514.

Nitrous oxide fluxes from forest floor, tree stems and canopies of boreal tree species during spring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haikarainen, Iikka; Halmeenmäki, Elisa; Machacova, Katerina; Pihlatie, Mari

2017-04-01

were 1.4 and 2.2 mg N2O ha-1 h-1, respectively, while the forest floor was a sink of -6.1 mg N2O ha-1 h-1. At the mineral soil site the upscaled N2O emissions from birch trees and forest floor were 3.6 and 8.9 mg N2O ha-1 h-1, respectively, indicating that the emissions from trees significantly contribute to the N2O emissions from boreal forests. The results also indicate that tree canopies contributed up to 89% of the whole-tree N2O emissions. Our findings demonstrate that we urgently need more studies focusing on leaf-level N2O exchange in forest ecosystems. Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the National Programme for Sustainability I (LO1415), Czech Science Foundation (17-18112Y), ENVIMET (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0246) , Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Academy of Finland Research Fellow projects (292699, 263858, 288494), The Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence (projects 1118615, 272041), and ICOS-Finland (281255). We thank Hyytiälä SMEAR II station staff and Marek Jakubik for technical support.

Electroconvulsive therapy and risk of dementia in patients with affective disorders: a cohort study.

PubMed

Osler, Merete; Rozing, Maarten Pieter; Christensen, Gunhild Tidemann; Andersen, Per Kragh; Jørgensen, Martin Balslev

2018-04-01

ratio [HR] 1·51, 95% CI 0·67-3·46, p=0·32; and 1·15, 0·91-1·47, p=0·22, respectively). In patients aged 70 years and older, ECT was associated with a decreased rate of dementia (0·68, 95% CI 0·58-0·80; p<0·0001), but in the propensity-score matched sample the HR was attenuated (0·77, 0·59-1·00; p=0·062). 31 754 patients (17·6%) died during follow-up (mortality rate per 1000 person-years 35·7, 95% CI 35·3-36·2) and supplementary analyses suggested that the risk of dementia, taking the competing mortality risk into account, was not significantly associated with ECT (subdistribution HR 0·98, 95% CI 0·76-1·26; p=0·24). ECT was not associated with risk of incidental dementia in patients with affective disorders after correcting for the potential effect of patient selection or competing mortality. The findings from this study support the continued use of ECT in patients with severe episodes of mood disorders, including those who are elderly. Danish Council for Independent Research, Danish Medical Research Council, the Velux Foundation, the Jascha Foundation, and the Doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis and Olga Doris Friis grant. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New aspects concerning geoelectrical tests on shallow landslides in Telega, Romania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maftei, R.-M.; Rusu, E.; Ciurean, R.; Avram, O.; Scutelnicu, I.; Grigorescu, S.; Grigorescu, A.

2009-04-01

New aspects concerning geoelectrical tests on shallow landslides in Telega, Romania Raluca Maftei, Emil Rusu, Roxana Ciurean, Ovidiu Avram, Ionut Scutelnicu, Stefan Grigorescu, Andrei Grigorescu (1) (1) GIR, Bucharest, Romania The analysis of natural hazards involved by landslides requires the revealing of both depth and relief of the slipping surface, and also to show the extension of the dislocated material areas. A particular aspect in Romania is related to the frequent occurrence of salt. It is to be mentioned that Romania contains the largest salt resources/reserves throughout Europe. This potential of about three billion tons could supply salt for the whole world population for over four hundred years. Telega village, separated by Campina town through Doftana River, is situated at 5 km from it, in the west part of Prahova County. The village covers a medium altitude relief (550m), characterized by irregularities of ground, many valleys and swales crossed by streams. On the left bank of Telega valley, the landslides' effects have a large extension, in some places being catastrophic. Among these, the one called at "Butoi" area presents a huge interest according of their produced destructions and because of the influence on Telega Spa, main communal road etc. In the above-mentioned sector, the slope is badly affected over a 0.4 sqkm surface. The morphology presents many scars, sometimes with steeps, waves with variable amplitudes and counter slope aspects in which water accumulates as lakes and swamps, with transversal and longitudinal fissures with different lengths and depths. The slope is very steep, especially in crest area. Besides the covering deluvial, clayey, yellow-gray quaternary rocks, other rocks form the basement are moving, in the detachment area marly, gray-black, fine stratified, sandy rocks interbeded with soft, gray sandstones of Meotian age are affected. Also, the rocks of the "salt breccias horizon" of Badenian age are affected. Predominantly

A comparison between CloudSat and aircraft data for mixed-phase and cirrus clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mioche, G.; Gayet, J.-F.; Minikin, A.; Herber, A.; Pelon, J.

2009-04-01

resolution Cloud Particle Imager probe (CPI) for imaging the ice particle morphology (2.3 microns pixels size) and standard PMS probes: 2D-C, FSSP-100 and FSSP-300. This presentation focuses on the validation of the standard parameter of the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of CloudSat (equivalent radar reflectivity factor Z). The different IWC(ice water content)-Z relationships determined from combined CloudSat and in situ data are then discussed. The method to derive equivalent reflectivity factor from the CPI data is first presented. According to the particle shape, a mass-diameter relationship and thus a reflectivity factor is determined for each type of ice crystal. This technique noticeably decreases the discrepancies of radar reflectivity-derived values due to the natural variability of ice crystal shapes. Comparisons of the reflectivity factor deduced from CPI and those from CloudSat for various types of clouds are then discussed. The next step to the interpretation of the CloudSat product is to derive IWC-Z relationships for assessing IWC distributions on a global scale, which is an important improvement to constrain global scale modelling. Several IWC-Z relationships are determined from in situ measurements according to the various case studies including Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Arctic and mid-latitude cirrus. The improvements on the results by using the CPI data-processing method are discussed. Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR BLAN06-1_137670), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU/CNRS), the Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor (IPEV), the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR). The CloudSat data are courtesy of the CloudSat Data Processing Center.

A Brief History of the Soil Science Society of America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brevik, Eric C.

2013-04-01

The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) was officially born on November 18, 1936 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. with Richard Bradfield as the first President. SSSA was created from the merger of the American Soil Survey Association and the Soils Section of American Society of Agronomy (ASA). Six sections were established: 1) physics, 2) chemistry, 3) microbiology, 4) fertility, 5) morphology, and 6) technology, and total membership was less than 200. The first issue of SSSA Journal, then called SSSA Proceedings, published 87 items totaling 526 pages. The first recorded bank balance for SSSA was at the end of the 1937-38 fiscal year, and showed the Society to be worth 1,300.03. The Soils Section of ASA became the official American section of the International Society of Soil Science in 1934, and the new SSSA inherited that distinction which it retains to this day. SSSA has grown significantly since those early days. The original six sections have grown to 11 divisions, and some of those divisions have changed their names to reflect changes occurring within soil science. For example, the original section 5, morphology, is now Division S05 - Pedology after spending many years under other names such as Division V - Soil Classification and Division S-5 - Soil Genesis, Morphology, and Classification. SSSA was incorporated in the State of Wisconsin, USA on 22 January, 1952. Several awards have been developed to recognize achievement in the field of soil science, including the SSSA Presidential Award, Don and Betty Kirkham Soil Physics Award, Emil Truog Soil Science Award, International Soil Science Award, Irrometer Professional Certification Service Award, L.R. Ahuja Ag Systems Modeling Award, Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Soil Science Award, Soil Science Applied Research Award, Soil Science Distinguished Service Award, Soil Science Education Award, Soil Science Industry and Professional Leadership Award, Soil Science Research Award, and SSSA Early

N2O and CH4-emissions from energy crops - Can the use of organic fertilizers in form of biogas digestate be considered as a real alternative? Results from a three and a half year multi-site field study of energy crops fertilized with biogas digestate in so

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heintze, Gawan

2016-04-01

Gawan Heintze1,2, Matthias Drösler1, Ulrike Hagemann3and Jürgen Augustin3 1University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Chair of Vegetation Ecology, Weihenstephaner Berg 4, 85354 Freising, Germany 2Technische Universität München, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 3Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Together with industrial process-related emissions (8.1%) the actual GHG emissions from agriculture (7.5% - 70 million tones (Mt) of carbon dioxide (CO2)-equivalents) representing after energy-related emissions from combustion processes of fossil fuels (83.7%) the second largest budget of the Germany-wide total emissions per year. To reduce the EU's CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 the cultivation of energy crops for biogas production, ideally coupled to a subsequent return of the resulting residues in form of biogas digestate is intended as one key element in the pathway of renewable energy production. Despite an increasing cultivation of energy crops for the production of biogas aiming to reduce the overall climate impact of the agricultural sector, it is still largely unknown how the application of ammonia-rich organic digestate effects field N2O emissions. Therefore, the collaborative research project "potential for reducing the release of climate-relevant trace gases in the cultivation of energy crops for the production of biogas" was launched. The main objective of the study was to determine an improved process understanding and to quantify the influence of mineral nitrogen fertilization, biogas digestate application, crop type and crop rotation, to gain precise and generalizable statements on the exchange of trace gases like nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) on the resulting climate impact. Gas fluxes of N2O and CH4 were measured for three and a half years on two differently managed sites in maize monoculture with different applied organic

Influence of soil organic C content on the greenhouse gas emission potential after application of biogas residues or cattle slurry - Results from a pot experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heintze, Gawan

2017-04-01

Influence of soil organic C content on the greenhouse gas emission potential after application of biogas residues or cattle slurry - Results from a pot experiment Gawan Heintze1,2, Tim Eickenscheidt1, Urs Schmidthalter2 and Matthias Drösler1 1University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Chair of Vegetation Ecology, Weihenstephaner Berg 4, 85354 Freising, Germany 2Technische Universität München, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany The European Union Renewable Energy Directive, which sets a binding target of a final energy consumption of 20% from renewable sources by 2020, has markedly promoted the increase of biogas plants, particularly in Germany. As a consequence, a large amount of biogas residue remains as a by-product of the fermentative process. These residues are now widely used instead of mineral fertilizers or animal slurries to maintain soil fertility and productivity. However, to date, the effect of the application of biogas residue on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, compared to that of other organic fertilizers, is contradictory in literature, not having been completely understood. It is often stated that GHG fluxes are closely related to the quality of the raw material, particularly the type of soil to which the digestates are applied. This study addresses the questions (a) to what extent are the applications of biogas digestate and cattle slurry different in terms of their GHG emission (CO2, CH4 and N2O) potential, and (b) how do different soil organic carbon contents (SOCs) influence the rate of GHG exchange. We hypothesize that, i) cattle slurry application enhances the CO2 and N2O fluxes compared to the biogas digestate due to the overall higher C and N input, and ii) that with increasing SOC and N content, higher emissions of CO2 and N2O can be expected. The study was conducted as a pot experiment. Biogas digestate and cattle slurry were applied to and incorporated into three different soil types with

EDITORIAL: Focus on Quantum Information and Many-Body Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eisert, Jens; Plenio, Martin B.

2010-02-01

and F Verstraete SIMULATION AND DYNAMICS A quantum differentiation of k-SAT instances B Tamir and G Ortiz Classical Ising model test for quantum circuits Joseph Geraci and Daniel A Lidar Exact matrix product solutions in the Heisenberg picture of an open quantum spin chain S R Clark, J Prior, M J Hartmann, D Jaksch and M B Plenio Exact solution of Markovian master equations for quadratic Fermi systems: thermal baths, open XY spin chains and non-equilibrium phase transition Tomaž Prosen and Bojan Žunkovič Quantum kinetic Ising models R Augusiak, F M Cucchietti, F Haake and M Lewenstein ENTANGLEMENT AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES Ground states of unfrustrated spin Hamiltonians satisfy an area law Niel de Beaudrap, Tobias J Osborne and Jens Eisert Correlation density matrices for one-dimensional quantum chains based on the density matrix renormalization group W Münder, A Weichselbaum, A Holzner, Jan von Delft and C L Henley The invariant-comb approach and its relation to the balancedness of multipartite entangled states Andreas Osterloh and Jens Siewert Entanglement scaling of fractional quantum Hall states through geometric deformations Andreas M Läuchli, Emil J Bergholtz and Masudul Haque Entanglement versus gap for one-dimensional spin systems Daniel Gottesman and M B Hastings Entanglement spectra of critical and near-critical systems in one dimension F Pollmann and J E Moore Macroscopic bound entanglement in thermal graph states D Cavalcanti, L Aolita, A Ferraro, A García-Saez and A Acín Entanglement at the quantum phase transition in a harmonic lattice Elisabeth Rieper, Janet Anders and Vlatko Vedral Multipartite entanglement and frustration P Facchi, G Florio, U Marzolino, G Parisi and S Pascazio Entropic uncertainty relations—a survey Stephanie Wehner and Andreas Winter Entanglement in a spin system with inverse square statistical interaction D Giuliano, A Sindona, G Falcone, F Plastina and L Amico APPLICATIONS Time-dependent currents of one-dimensional bosons

Who pressed the pause button on global warming: is the answer in the past?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Ming

2014-05-01

area for the atmospheric temperature change. The robust evidence comes from the reconstructed long-term time series. A fact that we all know is that the value of the LSAT is lowest in the Little Ice Age (LIA) over the last millennium. However, both reconstructed PDO (MacDonald et al, 2005) and sea surface temperature index of Niño3.4 (Emile-Gay et al, 2013) illustrate high values in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the LIA period. So, if we admit that the ocean could determine the land surface temperature, then the key ocean area could not be the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. And meanwhile, we also need reconstructed the SSTs of WPWP, IO or NA over the last millennium to see how the key ocean area changed. The millennial AMO has been reconstructed by Mann et al (2009) with autocorrelation coefficient of 0.99. It really shows a low value during the LIA period. Here we further present a new reconstructed AMO millennial series derived by combining a tree ring width chronology and a stalagmite-lamina thickness chronology with autocorrelation coefficient of 0.67 (Tan et al, 2009). This new sequence lags the observed winter half year (October of last year to February of current year) AMO by 3 years (with correlation coefficient of 0.59), which also shows a low value within the LIA. After removing the impact of millennial-scale solar radiation, the wavelet analysis on the residual composition shows that the decadal oscillation only occurred within the past 200 years. Therefore, it is still difficult to speculate the future trend of the SSTs according to this reconstructed series. Another related important issue is that the instantaneous growth rates for globally averaged atmospheric CO2 (see Figure 2.1b in IPCC AR5) is kept very precisely in phase with the SSTs of IO, WPWP and NA on annual to decadal time scale (but lags Niño3.4 by 1 year). If it is impossible to imagine that the atmospheric CO2 is a dexterous driver for the SSTs, then the

EDITORIAL: Focus on Quantum Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabitz, Herschel

2009-10-01

, Yuri Khodorkovsky, Yehiam Prior and Ilya Sh Averbukh Optimal control of interacting particles: a multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach Michael Mundt and David J Tannor Exact quantum dissipative dynamics under external time-dependent driving fields Jian Xu, Rui-Xue Xu and Yi Jing Yan Pulse trains in molecular dynamics and coherent spectroscopy: a theoretical study J Voll and R de Vivie-Riedle Quantum control of electron localization in molecules driven by trains of half-cycle pulses Emil Persson, Joachim Burgdorfer and Stefanie Grafe Quantum control design by Lyapunov trajectory tracking for dipole and polarizability coupling Jean-Michel Coron, Andreea Grigoriu, Catalin Lefter and Gabriel Turinici Sliding mode control of quantum systems Daoyi Dong and Ian R Petersen Implementation of fault-tolerant quantum logic gates via optimal control R Nigmatullin and S G Schirmer Generalized filtering of laser fields in optimal control theory: application to symmetry filtering of quantum gate operations Markus Schroder and Alex Brown

SAR detected river mixing and coastal wave/current difusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diez, Margarita; Martinez-Benjamin, Juan Jose; Sekula, Emil

2014-05-01

distribution of eddies and oil spills also mark the topology of the mixing [5-9]. A series of experimental measurements of the Lagrangian characteristics of the surface currents near Barcelona and Vilanova were performed during several years for different wind and wave conditions. The seasonal influence on the water recirculation and the influence of local conditions is apparent when the formation of a local thermocline also forces strong Langmuir circulations. Understanding the dispersion of very large freshwater discharge from the Rhone and the Ebro into the Mediterranean Sea and its impact on the biology and biogeochemistry of western Mediterranean. Because of the lack of tides and prevalence of strong wind forcing by the Mistral and Tramontana winds, the discharge of the rivers forms a classical example of a wind powered ROFI. The Fractal analysis indicates a river induced anisotropy anomalous surface mixing [6,7] Emil Sekula acknowledges the grants (SGR99-00145). ESP2005-07551, RYC-2003-005700). Authors also acknowledge the (ENV4-CT96-0334) European Union Project and the ESA (AO-ID C1P.2240) [1] Carrillo, A.; Sanchez, M.A.; Platonov, A.; Redondo, J.M., (2001). Coastal and Interfacial Mixing. Laboratory Experiments and Satellite Observations. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, B, 26/4.305-311. [2] Sekula E., Redondo J. M. (2008) The structure of turbulent jets, vortices and boundary layer: Laboratory and field observations, Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 31, N. 5-6, 2008, DOI 10.1393/ncc/i2009-10358-y, 893-907. [3] B. Shirasago, V. Palà Comellas, J. J. Martínez Benjamín, D. Sánchez, A. Martínez, J. Font, R. Arbiol, J. Vázquez, V. Moreno (1996) Revista de teledetección: Revista de la Asociación Española de Teledetección, ISSN 1133-0953, Nº. 6. [4] J. M. Redondo, M. A. Sanchez, J. J. Martinez-Benjamin, and G. S. Jolly (1998)Spectral study of the ocean surface with SAR Proc. SPIE 3496, 217. [5] J. J. Martinez-Benjamin, C. Medeiros, O. Chic, M. O. Bezerra, and J. M

Methodology for natural and antropical hazars'assessment regarding land instability phenomena-case studies in Romania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maftei, R.-M.; Ciurean, R.; Scutelnicu, I.; Cristea, P.; Manj, V.; Rusu, E.; Grigorescu, A.; Avram, O.; Cristian, C.

2009-04-01

Methodology for natural and antropical hazards' assessment regarding land instability phenomena-case studies in Romania Raluca Maftei, Roxana Ciurean, Ionut Scutelnicu, Paul Cristea, Valeriu Manj, Emil Rusu, Andrei Grigorescu, Ovidiu Avram, Cristina Cristian (1) (1) Geological Institute of Romania, Bucharest, Romania This paper is seeking to launch and to integrate data acquiring and processing technologies, technologies that are subordinated to geological and geophysical techniques, for the evaluation of land properties and of the state of land degradation in areas where natural and antropical hazards related to shallow layers' dynamics are probable. Since evaluating and diminishing land degradation process due to landslides ( took as in its extensive meaning) demand data regarding physical and geological characteristics of the lithologic complexes implied, the project has as a main objective to increase the possibility for the principal geophysical methods of shallow land layers' resolute investigation ( seismometry, electrometry). In Romania, in 2001, law 575 was adopted: ‘‘Law regarding the approval of the Plan for the national territory fitting out- Section V- Natural risk areas''. It mentions that a Romania "Landslides Risk Map" should be edited. In these circumstances, in order to establish the potential and the probability for an area to be affected by soil instability phenomenon ( caused by natural or antropical factors), according to the COM 232/2006, Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 6, the first step that has to be made is to identify and classify risk areas from the studied region. The region will than be verified every 10 years and the measure taking program will than be made public and revised every 5 years. Areas affected by landslides can loose the following functions ( COM 232/2006, chapter 1, article 1): Soil functions Bio-mass production Accumulation, filtering and transforming Biodiversity Physical and cultural environment Raw materials Carbon

Obituary: Alan D. Fiala (1942-2010)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaplan, George

2011-12-01

Dr. Alan Dale Fiala, astronomer and expert on solar eclipses, died on May 26, 2010 in Arlington, Virginia, of respiratory failure after a brief illness. He was 67. Fiala had been a staff astronomer at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., for his entire professional career, where he rose from a position as a summer intern to become the Chief of the Nautical Almanac Office, responsible for annual publications for astronomy and navigation that are used the world over. He retired from the observatory in 2000. Although a childhood case of polio affected his mobility for the rest of his life, he seldom let his physical constraints limit his activities, which were many and varied. Alan Fiala was born in Beatrice, Nebraska on November 9, 1942, the middle son of Emil A. ("John") and Lora Marie Fiala. Fiala's father was a postal clerk and Civil Service examiner. Fiala expressed interest in astronomy at a very young age. He contracted polio when he was 9. He graduated from Beatrice High School in 1960 with a straight-A average and went on to study at Carleton College. He received his B.A. summa cum laude after three years, in 1963, with a major in astronomy and minors in physics and mathematics. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, and Pi Mu Epsilon (mathematics). In 1962, Alan Fiala obtained a job as a summer intern at the Naval Observatory in Washington, working in the Nautical Almanac Office (NAO). He entered the graduate program at Yale University and continued to work summers at the observatory. He received his Ph.D. in 1968, under Gerald Clemence. His dissertation was titled "Determination of the Mass of Jupiter from a Study of the Motion of 57 Mnemosyne." After receiving his doctorate, Fiala became a permanent member of the Naval Observatory staff. Computers were just being introduced there and he participated in the automation of many procedures used to prepare the annual publications of the Nautical Almanac Office. One of his first assignments was

EDITORIAL: Strongly correlated electron systems Strongly correlated electron systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ronning, Filip; Batista, Cristian

2011-03-01

-dependent Zeeman splitting in strontium ruthenate Emil J Rozbicki, James F Annett, Jean-René Souquet and Andrew P Mackenzie Thermodynamics of itinerant metamagnetic transitions A M Berridge Magnon-mediated pairing and isotope effect in iron-based superconductors Jiansheng Wu and Philip Phillips Nernst quantum oscillations in bulk semi-metals Zengwei Zhu, Huan Yang, Aritra Banerjee, Liam Malone, Benoît Fauqué and Kamran Behnia Signatures of a quantum Griffiths phase in a d-metal alloy close to its ferromagnetic quantum critical point Almut Schroeder, Sara Ubaid-Kassis and Thomas Vojta Influence of super-ohmic dissipation on a disordered quantum critical point Thomas Vojta, José A Hoyos, Priyanka Mohan and Rajesh Narayanan The van Hemmen-Kondo model for disordered cerium systems S G Magalhaes, F M Zimmer and B Coqblin Chemical pressure, dilution and disorder in the heavy fermion compounds Ce3 - xLaxPd20Si6 (x = 1/3, 2/3) H Winkler, K-A Lorenzer, S Laumann, J Custers, A Prokofiev and S Paschen Magnetism of fine particles of Kondo lattices, obtained by high-energy ball-milling E V Sampathkumaran, K Mukherjee, Kartik K Iyer, Niharika Mohapatra and Sitikantha D Das Heavy fermion scaling: uranium versus cerium and ytterbium compounds J M Lawrence, C H Wang, A D Christianson and E D Bauer Temperature dependence of hybridization gaps in metallic heavy-fermion systems Xiaodong Yang, Peter S Riseborough and Tomasz Durakiewicz Low-energy properties of the Kondo lattice model O Bodensiek, R Žitko, R Peters and T Pruschke Temperature dependence of the zero-bias anomaly in the Anderson-Hubbard model: insights from an ensemble of two-site systems R Wortis and W A Atkinson A charge density wave in the hidden order state of URu2Si2 Jung-Jung Su, Yonatan Dubi, Peter Wölfle and Alexander V Balatsky Field-induced suppression of the heavy-fermion state in YbRh2Si2 Gertrud Zwicknagl Discontinuous Hall coefficient at the quantum critical point in YbRh2Si2 Sven Friedemann, Niels Oeschler, Steffen

List of Participants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2007-11-01

Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Diego Mansi Università Degli Studi di Milano Matteo Marescotti Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria Alberto Mariotti Università di Milano-Bicocca Raffaele Marotta Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Napoli Alessio Marrani Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and LNF, Firenze Luca Martucci Instituto de Física Teórica, Madrid and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven David Mateos University of California, Santa Barbara Andrea Mauri Università di Milano Liuba Mazzanti Università di Milano-Bicocca Patrick Meessen Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Lotta Mether Helsinki Institute of Physics Rene Meyer Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Giuseppe Milanesi SISSA, Trieste Cesar Miquel-Espanya Universitat de Valencia and Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Valencia Alexander Monin Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow and Moscow State University (MSU) Samuel Monnier Université de Genève Sergio Montero Instituto de Física Teórica, Madrid Nicola Mori Università di Firenze Alexander Marcel Morisse University of California, Santa Cruz Sebastian Moster Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Adele Nasti Queen Mary, University of London Vasilis Niarchos École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Emil Nissimov Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia Francesco Nitti École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Eoin O'Colgain Imperial College, London Niels Obers Niels Bohr Institute, København Rodrigo Olea Università Degli Studi di Milano Marta Orselli Niels Bohr Institute, København Enrico PajerLudwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Eran PaltiOxford University Georgios PapathanasiouBrown University, Providence, RI Angel ParedesCentre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Jeong-Hyuck ParkMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Sara PasquettiUniversità di Parma Silvia PenatiUniversità di Milano-Bicocca Igor PesandoUniversità di Torino

List of Participants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2008-11-01

Università di Napoli Federico II Elena Méndez Escobar University of Edinburgh Iulian Negru University of Craiova Emil NissimovInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia Teake NutmaCentre for Theoretical Physics, University of Groningen Niels Obers Niels Bohr Institute, København Olof Ohlsson SaxUppsala University Rodrigo OleaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Domenico OrlandoUniversité de Neuchâtel Marta Orselli Niels Bohr Institute, København Tomas OrtinInstituto de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Yaron OzTel Aviv University Enrico PajerLudwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Angel Paredes GalanUtrecht University Sara PasquettiUniversité de Neuchâtel Silvia PenatiUniversità di Milano-Bicocca Jan PerzKatholieke Universiteit Leuven Igor PesandoUniversità di Torino Tassos PetkouUniversity of Crete Marios PetropoulosCenter de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Franco PezzellaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli Moises Picon PonceUniversity of Padova Marco PirroneUniversità di Milano-Bicocca Andrea PrinslooUniversity of Cape Town Joris RaeymaekersKatholieke Universiteit Leuven Alfonso RamalloUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Carlo Alberto RattiUniversità di Milano-Bicocca Marco RauchPhysikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn Ronald Reid-EdwardsUniversity of Hamburg Patricia RitterUniversity of Edinburgh Peter RoenneDESY, Hamburg Jan RosseelUniversità di Torino Clement RuefService de Physique Théorique, CEA Saclay Felix RustMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Thomas RyttovNiels Bohr Institute, København and CERN, Geneva Agustin Sabio VeraCERN, Geneva Christian SaemannTrinity College, Dublin Houman Safaai SISSA, Trieste Henning SamtlebenÉcole Normale Supérieure, Lyon Alberto SantambrogioIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Silviu Constantin SararuUniversity of Craiova Ricardo SchiappaCERN, Geneva Ionut Romeo SchiopuChalmers University, G�

Obituary: John Norris Bahcall, 1934-2005

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Striker, Jeremiah P.; Bahcall, Neta A.

2007-12-01

took. "I fell in love with Physics," he said, "and it changed my life." Bahcall graduated from Berkeley in 1956 with a degree in Physics. He received a master's degree from the University of Chicago, followed by a 1961 PhD in Physics from Harvard University. After a Research Fellowship at Indiana University working with Emil Konopinski on nuclear weak interactions, Bahcall received an invitation in 1962 to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to work with William A. Fowler, a Nobel Prize winner and expert in the field. Bahcall was working with Willy Fowler and others at the time and place that "nuclear astrophysics" was invented. There he became engaged with neutrino work and to Neta Assaf (then completing her PhD at Caltech) — the two constant loves of his life. John met Neta on a trip to Israel in 1965. She was a young physics graduate student "with a beautiful smile that stole my heart," he said. He spoke no Hebrew and she little English. After a dozen rejections, he got a date with her. They fell in love immediately and their love and friendship lasted a lifetime. "Marrying Neta was the best thing that ever happened to me," John frequently said. Safi Bahcall, their older son, recollects: "The persistence and never giving up was the theme for my dad; solar neutrinos, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the quest for scientific excellence are just a few other examples." Bahcall's first paper from Caltech, a one-page letter to the editor of the Astrophysical Journal, dated 1 December 1962 and entitled "The Solar Neutrino Flux" (written with Fowler, Icko Iben, and Richard Sears), proposed an experiment that might "provide a valuable experimental limit on the effective temperature for neutrino generation in the Sun". That paper set the course for a lifetime of research. The writing of scientific papers was, however, only one of Bahcall's many contributions to world science. He was an educator who changed the nature of postdoctoral training, and a scientific