Sample records for jetties

  1. Barbers Point Harbor, Hawaii, Jetty Modification Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-11-01

    jetty lengths do not adversely impact the wave environment in the vicinity of the jetty. Production phase Figure 18 shows the normalized incident...objective of these current measurements is to show that the proposed jetty will not have any adverse impacts on the existing current patterns with no...with minimal construction costs and impact on the environment. ERDC/CHL TR-08-16 83 References Briggs, M. J., L. S. Lillycrop, G. S. Harkins

  2. Coastal response to the Port Sheldon jetties at Pigeon Lake, Michigan. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hansen, M.; Underwood, S.G.

    1991-07-01

    The Consumers Powers Corp. constructed two jetties at Port Shelton, Michigan to maintain an open waterway into Pigeon Lake. These jetties are located at the entrance of Pigeon Lake in Port Shelton township, on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Originally, water was drawn from Lake Michigan via Pigeon Lake Inlet to cool a fossil fuel power plant. The inlet into Pigeon Lake was deepened and widened throughout the early history of the power plant. Adjacent shorelines have been modified directly by Consumers Power Corp. and indirectly by the natural littoral response to the jetties. This study sought to determinemore » the impact, if any, of these jetties at the entrance to Pigeon Lake on adjacent shorelines and nearshore zones. Analysis of historical shoreline position and bathymetry data in the vicinity of Port Sheldon indicates approximately 810,600 cu yd of material has been trapped by the jetties since construction in 1964. At present, it appears that the fillet areas adjacent to the jetties have volumetrically stabilized and that natural and bypassing may be occurring around the lakeward tips of the jetties. Results of this study identified a zone of slightly higher erosion 3,000 to 9,000 ft south of the jetties that may be related to jetty construction.« less

  3. Analytic calculation of 1-jettiness in DIS at O (α s)

    DOE PAGES

    Kang, Daekyoung; Lee, Christopher; Stewart, Iain W.

    2014-11-01

    We present an analytic O(α s) calculation of cross sections in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) dependent on an event shape, 1-jettiness, that probes final states with one jet plus initial state radiation. This is the first entirely analytic calculation for a DIS event shape cross section at this order. We present results for the differential and cumulative 1-jettiness cross sections, and express both in terms of structure functions dependent not only on the usual DIS variables x, Q 2 but also on the 1-jettiness τ. Combined with previous results for log resummation, predictions are obtained over the entire range ofmore » the 1-jettiness distribution.« less

  4. The NNLO QCD soft function for 1-jettiness

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; Mondini, Roberto; Williams, Ciaran

    2018-03-01

    We calculate the soft function for the global event variable 1-jettiness at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We focus specifically on the non-Abelian contribution, which, unlike the Abelian part, is not determined by the next-to-leading order result. The calculation uses the known general forms for the emission of one and two soft partons and is performed using a sector-decomposition method that is spelled out in detail. Results are presented in the form of numerical fits to the 1-jettiness soft function for LHC kinematics (as a function of the angle between the incoming beams and the final-state jet) and for generic kinematics (as a function of three independent angles). These fits represent one of the needed ingredients for NNLO calculations that use the N-jettiness event variable to handle infrared singularities.

  5. The NNLO QCD soft function for 1-jettiness

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; Mondini, Roberto

    We calculate the soft function for the global event variable 1-jettiness at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We focus specifically on the non-Abelian contribution, which, unlike the Abelian part, is not determined by the next-to-leading order result. The calculation uses the known general forms for the emission of one and two soft partons and is performed using a sector-decomposition method that is spelled out in detail. Results are presented in the form of numerical fits to the 1-jettiness soft function for LHC kinematics (as a function of the angle between the incoming beams and the final-state jet) and for genericmore » kinematics (as a function of three independent angles). These fits represent one of the needed ingredients for NNLO calculations that use the N-jettiness event variable to handle infrared singularities.« less

  6. The NNLO QCD soft function for 1-jettiness

    DOE PAGES

    Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; Mondini, Roberto; ...

    2018-03-19

    We calculate the soft function for the global event variable 1-jettiness at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We focus specifically on the non-Abelian contribution, which, unlike the Abelian part, is not determined by the next-to-leading order result. The calculation uses the known general forms for the emission of one and two soft partons and is performed using a sector-decomposition method that is spelled out in detail. Results are presented in the form of numerical fits to the 1-jettiness soft function for LHC kinematics (as a function of the angle between the incoming beams and the final-state jet) and for genericmore » kinematics (as a function of three independent angles). These fits represent one of the needed ingredients for NNLO calculations that use the N-jettiness event variable to handle infrared singularities.« less

  7. Geophysical Assessment of the Control of a Jetty on a Barrier Beach and Estuary System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ulrich, C.; Hubbard, S. S.; Peterson, J.; Blom, K.; Black, W.; Delaney, C.; Mendoza, J.

    2014-12-01

    An evaluation is underway at the Goat Rock State Park, located at the mouth of the Russian River near Jenner, CA, to quantify the influence of a man made jetty on the functioning of a barrier beach and associated implications for estuary fish habitat and flood control. Flow through the beach results from water level differences between the estuary and the ocean. When the estuary is closed or perched, one of the major sources of outflow from the lagoon is seepage flow through the barrier beach. The location and design of the jetty could be altering subsurface flow paths through the jetty and possibly impeding subsurface flow where the jetty is still intact. This will result in unnatural connectivity between the ocean and the estuary leading to atypical surface water elevations and possibly salinity imbalance. We are monitoring seepage through the jetty and beach berm with multiple surface and borehole geophysical methods, including: electrical resistivity (ERT), seismic refraction (SR), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and electromagnetic methods (EM). We use SR data to characterize deeper bedrock controls on beach barrier functioning; ERT and EM methods to characterize the beach sediment layers that could contribute to preferential flow paths during tide cycles in addition to preferential flow paths created by the jetty structure; time-lapse ERT and EM data to monitor moisture changes and mixing of saline and fresh water within the beach berm, and borehole ERT and GPR data to delineate the geometry of the (often buried) jetty. Preliminary ERT and EM results indicate two preferential flow paths through zones of missing jetty structure, while time-lapse borehole ERT data is expected to image saltwater flow impedance in zones of intact jetty structure. All data are being integrated with topography, tidal, borehole, and hydrological information and the results of the assessment will enable the Sonoma County Water Agency to develop the feasibility of alternatives to the

  8. Power corrections in the N -jettiness subtraction scheme

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Boughezal, Radja; Liu, Xiaohui; Petriello, Frank

    We discuss the leading-logarithmic power corrections in the N-jettiness subtraction scheme for higher-order perturbative QCD calculations. We compute the next-to-leading order power corrections for an arbitrary N-jet process, and we explicitly calculate the power correction through next-to-next-to-leading order for color-singlet production for bothmore » $$q\\bar{q}$$ and gg initiated processes. Our results are compact and simple to implement numerically. Including the leading power correction in the N-jettiness subtraction scheme substantially improves its numerical efficiency. Finally, we discuss what features of our techniques extend to processes containing final-state jets.« less

  9. Power corrections in the N -jettiness subtraction scheme

    DOE PAGES

    Boughezal, Radja; Liu, Xiaohui; Petriello, Frank

    2017-03-30

    We discuss the leading-logarithmic power corrections in the N-jettiness subtraction scheme for higher-order perturbative QCD calculations. We compute the next-to-leading order power corrections for an arbitrary N-jet process, and we explicitly calculate the power correction through next-to-next-to-leading order for color-singlet production for bothmore » $$q\\bar{q}$$ and gg initiated processes. Our results are compact and simple to implement numerically. Including the leading power correction in the N-jettiness subtraction scheme substantially improves its numerical efficiency. Finally, we discuss what features of our techniques extend to processes containing final-state jets.« less

  10. Geophysical Assessment of the Control of a Jetty on a Barrier Beach and Estuary System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ulrich, C.; Hubbard, S.; Delaney, C.; Seymour, D.; Blom, K.; Black, W.

    2013-12-01

    An evaluation is underway at the Goat Rock State Beach, which is located at the mouth of the Russian River near Jenner, CA. The study focuses on quantifying the influence of a man made jetty on the functioning of a barrier beach and associated implications for estuary fish habitat and flood control. Flow through the beach results from water level differences between the estuary and the ocean. When the estuary is closed or perched, one of the potential major sources of outflow from the lagoon is seepage flow through the barrier beach. The location and design of the jetty could be altering subsurface flow paths through the jetty and possibly impeding or enhancing subsurface flow where the jetty is still intact. This will result in unnatural connectivity between the ocean and the estuary leading to atypical surface water elevations and possibly salinity imbalance. Results of the assessment will enable the Sonoma County Water Agency to understand how the jetty affects formation of the barrier beach and water surface elevations within the estuary. As one aspect of the evaluation, we are using geophysical methods to monitor seepage through the jetty as well as through the beach berm. We are using multiple surface geophysical methods, including: electrical resistivity, seismic refraction, ground penetrating radar, and electromagnetic methods. In general, seismic data are being used to characterize deeper bedrock controls on beach barrier functioning such as, channeling of estuarine water beneath the barrier beach. Electrical and electromagnetic methods are being used to characterize the beach sediment layers that could contribute to preferential flow paths during tide cycles in addition to preferential flow paths created by the jetty structure. Time-lapse electrical and electromagnetic data are being used to monitor moisture changes and mixing of saline and fresh water within the beach berm. Ground penetrating radar data are being used to delineate the geometry of the

  11. An investigation of environmental factors associated with the current and proposed jetty systems at Belle Pass, Louisiana

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dantin, E. J.; Whitehurst, C. A.; Durbin, W. T.

    1974-01-01

    The history of the existing jetty system at Belle Pass was investigated to determine its past effect on the littoral currents and beach erosion. Present flow patterns and erosion rates were also studied, along with the prevailing recession rates of local beaches not influenced by the jetty system. Aerial photographs and maps were used in conjunction with periodic hydraulic measurements, ground observations, and physical measurements of beach erosion. A scale model was constructed to further the study of flow patterns and velocities. It is shown that the existing jetty has not adversely affected the coastline in the area; erosive processes have been retarded by the jetty and its companion groin. Future erosion patterns are predicted, and projected effects of the proposed jetty system are given.

  12. Next-to-leading-logarithmic power corrections for N -jettiness subtraction in color-singlet production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boughezal, Radja; Isgrò, Andrea; Petriello, Frank

    2018-04-01

    We present a detailed derivation of the power corrections to the factorization theorem for the 0-jettiness event shape variable T . Our calculation is performed directly in QCD without using the formalism of effective field theory. We analytically calculate the next-to-leading logarithmic power corrections for small T at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, extending previous computations which obtained only the leading-logarithmic power corrections. We address a discrepancy in the literature between results for the leading-logarithmic power corrections to a particular definition of 0-jettiness. We present a numerical study of the power corrections in the context of their application to the N -jettiness subtraction method for higher-order calculations, using gluon-fusion Higgs production as an example. The inclusion of the next-to-leading-logarithmic power corrections further improves the numerical efficiency of the approach beyond the improvement obtained from the leading-logarithmic power corrections.

  13. N -jettiness subtractions for g g →H at subleading power

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moult, Ian; Rothen, Lorena; Stewart, Iain W.; Tackmann, Frank J.; Zhu, Hua Xing

    2018-01-01

    N -jettiness subtractions provide a general approach for performing fully-differential next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculations. Since they are based on the physical resolution variable N -jettiness, TN , subleading power corrections in τ =TN/Q , with Q a hard interaction scale, can also be systematically computed. We study the structure of power corrections for 0-jettiness, T0, for the g g →H process. Using the soft-collinear effective theory we analytically compute the leading power corrections αsτ ln τ and αs2τ ln3τ (finding partial agreement with a previous result in the literature), and perform a detailed numerical study of the power corrections in the g g , g q , and q q ¯ channels. This includes a numerical extraction of the αsτ and αs2τ ln2τ corrections, and a study of the dependence on the T0 definition. Including such power suppressed logarithms significantly reduces the size of missing power corrections, and hence improves the numerical efficiency of the subtraction method. Having a more detailed understanding of the power corrections for both q q ¯ and g g initiated processes also provides insight into their universality, and hence their behavior in more complicated processes where they have not yet been analytically calculated.

  14. Feasibility Study for Habitat Development Using Dredged Material at Jetty Island, Everett, Washington.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-07-01

    I;.... • ° o- - .- .-.. .. ’f + .. , .+.: -.- 3XT "T v"ummy Jetty Island separates Port Gardner (an arm of Puget Sound ). Washington, from the lover...eelgrass habitats throughout Puget Sound . Dovever, the species diversity of benthic invertebrates was relatively low. The unvegetated mudflat areas...Tidal conditions are very similar to other areas of Puget Sound . Mean tidal range for fverett harbor is 7.4 feet, and the extreme range is estimated to

  15. Influence of fishing activity over the marine debris composition close to coastal jetty.

    PubMed

    Farias, Eduardo G G; Preichardt, Paulo R; Dantas, David V

    2018-04-23

    Worldwide, the marine debris emissions have been provoking impacts in ecosystems, generating massive mortality of different species with commercial interest. In South America, we have a lack of studies to verify the marine debris composition in transitional environments such as adjacent regions of coastal jetties. These are hydraulic engineering constructions used to maintain the navigation channel access between the sea-estuarine interface and are also used by teleost fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks like artificial shelters (reefs), being excellent fishing grounds. Therefore, the present study was devoted to qualitatively evaluate the composition of marine debris in an internal jetty portion of a Laguna Estuarine System (LES) located in South America (Brazil). Six hundred freediving were conducted to collect marine debris in the study region. The in situ campaigns were performed in 2016 during all spring season (sand substrata) in four distinct zones with 26,400 m 2 each one covering almost all adjacent jetty extension, to evaluate possible spatial changes in the marine debris composition. All material obtained was identified, measured, weighed, and ordered in eight groups, with six groups being related to the fishing activity and two groups related to the tourism/community in the study region. So, it was possible to observe possible relations between the marine debris distribution to artisanal and recreational local fishing. After 600 freediving sampling efforts, 2142 marine debris items were obtained, totaling close to 100 kg of solid waste removed from the inner portion of the coastal jetty. Notably, 1752 units (50 kg) of fishing leads were collected being this item the main marine debris residue found in the four sampled areas, corresponding to nearly 50% of the total weight of the collected waste. Ninety-eight percent of marine debris were derived from the local fishing activities, and just 2% were derived from tourism/community. Considering the total

  16. Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program: Case Histories of Corps Breakwater and Jetty Structures. Report 5. North Atlantic Division

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-11-01

    TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Breakwater REMR (Repair, Evaluation, Concrete armor units...Maintenance, and Rehabilitation) Jetty Rubble-mound structures 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) :-This...have been repaired since construction. Other construction materials that have been used include steel, dolosse, concrete cap, concrete block , and

  17. Variation of optical properties at Lucinda Jetty Coastal Observatory and its input into an optical model of coastal waters in Great Barrier Reef region.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wozniak, Monika; Baird, Mark; Schroeder, Thomas; Clementson, Lesley; Jones, Emlyn

    2017-04-01

    The water column optical properties from an observation station located at the end of a 5.8 km long jetty in the coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (18.52 S, 146.39 E) were studied. Due to the location of the Lucinda Jetty Coastal Observatory (LJCO), at the interface of large riverine nutrient and sediment sources and clear open ocean waters, it is an optically variable and interesting region. LJCO is the only Southern Hemisphere ocean colour validation site integrated into NASA's AERONET-OC global network of ground-based radiometers. LJCO has a 3 years long time series (2014-2016) of continuous in-water optical measurements of absorption (AC-S), scattering (AC-S) and backscattering (BB-9) spectra together with water-leaving radiance spectra (SeaPRISM) acquired above the water surface and concentration of water components (WQM). Further HPLC and spectrophotometrically-retrieved absorption and scattering were determined fortnightly. These detailed bio-optical observations are rarely available as a time-series for model assessment. We use these data to quantify the relationship between optical properties and water constituents and to developing a more accurate optical model for coastal, optically complex water like GBR model. Pigment analysis show that studied area is dominated by alternatively freshwater and oceanic phytoplankton species depending on weather condition, tides and season. Absorption spectra at 440 nm and 550 nm are dominated by detritus but also have a significant CDOM contribution, which influences reflectance values in that range of spectrum and negatively affects wavebands used in satellite and remote algorithms for water constituents. These emergent features are compared to the model outputs, demonstrating when the model produces accurate optical signals with realistic process representation.

  18. Decadal morphological response of an ebb-tidal delta and down-drift beach to artificial breaching and inlet stabilisation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garel, E.; Sousa, C.; Ferreira, Ó.; Morales, J. A.

    2014-07-01

    The morphodynamic response of a mixed-energy ebb-tidal delta (Guadiana estuary, southern Portugal) and its down-drift barrier island (Canela Island) to channel relocation and stabilisation by jetties is examined using a series of sequential bathymetric maps and vertical aerial photographs spanning five decades. Morphological analysis indicates that the ebb delta is in an immature state, characterised by weak sediment bypassing. Landward-migrating shoals on the swash platform have been produced by the jetty-induced artificial bank-breaching and by the collapse of the eastern portion of the delta. The welding of these shoals has largely controlled the evolution of the coast, with local accretion and erosion lasting for years, and large amounts of regional accretion occurring over decades due to sand accumulation against jetties located further down-drift. These observations provide insights into the potential response of a coast to very large, locally concentrated sand nourishment in the form of shoals. The main effects of the jetties on the coast are observed at the centre of Canela Island, with the production of an erosion hot-spot associated with a temporally persistent and divergent longshore transport providing sand to the adjacent areas. Significant accretion is anticipated for the next decade along the entire island due to the ongoing attachment of the presently observed shoals. After the depletion of this sediment source, and in the context of weak sediment bypassing, the most severe down-drift erosion induced by the jetties is predicted to occur some decades after their construction. This study demonstrates that the geomorphic response of an ebb-tidal delta to jetty construction must be considered at multiple temporal and spatial scales when assessing the impacts of jetties on the down-drift coast.

  19. 33 CFR 80.501 - Tom's River, NJ to Cape May, NJ.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 39°18.2′ N., longitude 74°33.1′ W. to the northeasternmost point of Ocean City at latitude 39°17.6′ N... from Cape May Inlet East Jetty Light 4 to Cape May Inlet West Jetty Light 5. [CGD 87-008b, 52 FR 25218...

  20. 33 CFR 80.501 - Tom's River, NJ to Cape May, NJ.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 39°18.2′ N. longitude 74°33.1′ W. to the northeasternmost point of Ocean City at latitude 39°17.6′ N... from Cape May Inlet East Jetty Light 4 to Cape May Inlet West Jetty Light 5. [CGD 87-008b, 52 FR 25218...

  1. 33 CFR 80.825 - Mississippi Passes, LA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28°54.5′ N., longitude 89°26.1′ W. (d) A line drawn from Mississippi River South Pass East Jetty Light 4 to Mississippi River South Pass West Jetty Light; thence following the general trend of the... general trend of the seaward, highwater shoreline in a southwesterly direction to Mississippi River...

  2. 33 CFR 80.825 - Mississippi Passes, LA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 28°54.5′ N., longitude 89°26.1′ W. (d) A line drawn from Mississippi River South Pass East Jetty Light 4 to Mississippi River South Pass West Jetty Light; thence following the general trend of the... general trend of the seaward, highwater shoreline in a southwesterly direction to Mississippi River...

  3. DARLA: Data Assimilation and Remote Sensing for Littoral Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-30

    of a hydraulic jump around Jetty A. We also obverse the signature of a soliton wave east of Jetty A ( ). West of the mouth, the orbital velocity of...surface flows. (B) Plan view of the bathymetry [Jesse McNinch] (color contours, red is 1 m depth, dark blue is 10 m depth) and near surface flows

  4. 33 CFR 80.505 - Cape Henlopen, DE to Cape Charles, VA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... to Cape Charles, VA. (a) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Indian River Inlet North Jetty to Indian River Inlet South Jetty Light. (b) A line drawn from Ocean City Inlet Light 6, 225° true across Ocean City Inlet to the submerged south breakwater. (c) A line drawn from Assateague Beach Tower Light...

  5. 46 CFR 7.125 - Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.125 Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. (a) A line drawn from Redondo Beach East Jetty Light “2” to Redondo Beach West Jetty Light “3”. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. 7.125...

  6. 46 CFR 7.125 - Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.125 Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. (a) A line drawn from Redondo Beach East Jetty Light “2” to Redondo Beach West Jetty Light “3”. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. 7.125...

  7. 46 CFR 7.125 - Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.125 Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. (a) A line drawn from Redondo Beach East Jetty Light “2” to Redondo Beach West Jetty Light “3”. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. 7.125...

  8. 46 CFR 7.125 - Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.125 Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. (a) A line drawn from Redondo Beach East Jetty Light “2” to Redondo Beach West Jetty Light “3”. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. 7.125...

  9. 46 CFR 7.125 - Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.125 Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. (a) A line drawn from Redondo Beach East Jetty Light “2” to Redondo Beach West Jetty Light “3”. (b) A line drawn from Marina Del... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Point Vincente, CA to Point Conception, CA. 7.125...

  10. New Ebb-Tidal Delta at an Old Inlet, Shark River Inlet, New Jersey

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    examine interacting beach and inlet processes and to test numerical simulation models for predicting morphology change at inlets. This study was...intertidal, oyster-encrusted Figure 4. A) Shark River Inlet, February-March 1920, post early construction (1915), but during rehabilitation of...the original State-built, curved jetties; B) Shark River Inlet, 23 January 1933, post construction of curved jetties and land reclamation of the flood

  11. 46 CFR 7.45 - Cape Henlopen, DE to Cape Charles, VA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... extremity of Indian River Inlet North Jetty to latitude 38°36.5′ N. longitude 75°02.8′ W. (Indian River Inlet Lighted Gong Buoy “1”); thence to Indian River Inlet South Jetty Light. (b) A line drawn from Ocean City Inlet Light “6” to latitude 38°19.4′ N. longitude 75°05.0′ W. (Ocean City Inlet Entrance...

  12. Brazos Santiago Inlet, Texas, Shoaling Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2018-02-01

    However, benefits to dredging costs are not considered and must be weighed against other issues such as environmental concerns. DISCLAIMER: The contents...reduction benefits from this alternative would be small compared to the jetty construction costs , which are expected to be significant, but this study did... benefits of an in-channel sediment trap and alterations to the structure of the jetty. However, benefits to dredging costs are not considered and must be

  13. Risks to Navigation at the Matagorda Ship Channel Entrance, Texas, Phase 2: Evaluation of Significant Risk Factors

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-08-01

    jetties are deteriorating. As a result of this deterioration and lowered beach and dunes adjacent to the jetties, there are overwash occurrences during...the toe . An example slope stability analysis is presented in Figure 51. This figure shows a typical cross section or model properties (soil layers...depth caused by the ship passage. Any area of influence will be localized and, in light of a critical gradient analysis, near- toe scouring effects

  14. Reconnaissance Report for Navigation Improvements (Reduction of Shoaling) at Santa Cruz Harbor Santa Cruz County, California

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-05-01

    productive. Thus, the area supports a wide variety of marine and terrestrial life. This mild climate and richness of resources has facilitated human ...and they have the ability to coexist with many human endeavors in the marine environment. Although the sand trap will have to be dredged annually... human activity. I 5.4 Fish & Invertebrates East Jetty Sealing: The underwater spaces in the east jetty that are filled with fluidized sand are not

  15. 75 FR 22336 - Safety Zone; North Jetty, Named the Barview Jetty, Tillamook Bay, OR

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-28

    ... begin in June 2010 and will involve the use of a track mounted Manitowoc 18,000 lb crane with as much as 200 feet of boom. The crane will be used to move large granite boulders weighing approximately 20 to 50 tons each by lifting them up, circling them out over the waterway on either side of the north...

  16. 75 FR 35970 - Safety Zone; North Jetty, Named the Barview Jetty, Tillamook Bay, OR

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-24

    ... Manitowoc 18,000 lb crane with as much as 200 feet of boom. The crane will be used to move large granite boulders weighing approximately 20 to 50 tons each by lifting them up, circling them out over the waterway...

  17. Montubi completes mile-long liquid ethylene pipeline project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-12-01

    Montubi has completed the mile-long liquid ethylene pipeline project for Solvay S.p.A. at Vada, Italy, a line that extends 3.4 mi from an offshore unloading dock to an onshore gasification facility for Solvay's chemical plant at Rosignano. The 18 mo project included a mile-long 1750 ton jetty; one eight-leg main unloading platform; eight mooring dolphins plus four breasting dolphins; one small platform for firefighting pump units; and a concrete service road along the jetty.

  18. Hydraulic characteristics near streamside structures along the Kenai River, Alaska

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Dorava, Joseph M.

    1995-01-01

    Hydraulic characteristics, water velocity, depth, and flow direction were measured near eight sites along the Kenai River in southcentral Alaska. Each of the eight sites contained a different type of structure: a road-type boat launch, a canal-type boat launch, a floating dock, a rock retaining wall, a pile-supported dock, a jetty, a concrete retaining wall, and a bank stabilization project near the city of Soldotna. Measurements of hydraulic characteristics were made to determine to what extent the structures affected natural or ambient stream hydraulic characteristics. The results will be used by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to evaluate assumptions used in their Habitat Evaluation Procedure assessment of juvenile chinook salmon habitat along the river and to improve their understanding of stream hydraulics for use in permitting potential projects. The study included structures along the Kenai River from about 12 to 42 miles upstream from the mouth. Hydraulic characteristics were measured during medium-, high-, and low-flow conditions, as measured at the Kenai River at Soldotna: (1) discharge ranged from 6,310 to 6,480 cubic feet per second during medium flow conditions that were near mean annual flow on June 9-10, 1994; (2) discharge ranged from 14,000 to 14,400 cubic feet per second during high flow conditions that were near peak annual flow conditions on August 2-3, 1994; and (3) discharge ranged from 3,470 to 3,660 cubic feet per second during open-water low-flow conditions on May 8-9, 1995. Measurements made at the structures were compared with measurements made at nearby unaffected natural sites. The floating dock, pile-supported dock, road-type boat launch, and concrete retaining wall did not significantly alter the stream channel area. These structures contributed only hydraulic-roughness type changes. The structures occupied a much smaller area than that of the wetted perimeter of the channel and thus typically had little effect on velocity

  19. 33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ruling to the District Engineer whose decision shall be final. A clearance by the dispatcher for a vessel..., jetties, piers, fences, buildings, trees, telephone lines, lighting structures, or any other property of...

  20. 33 CFR 80.850 - Brazos River, TX to the Rio Grande, TX.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., San Bernard River, Cedar Lakes, Brown Cedar Cut, Colorado River, Matagorda Bay, Cedar Bayou, Corpus... Matagorda Light. (d) A line drawn across the seaward extremity of the Aransas Pass Jetties. (e) A line drawn...

  1. Characterization of jetting-induced disturbance zone and associated ecological impacts.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-08-01

    Research in this report presents the first study documented in literature to characterize : the surface disturbance and associated ecological impact due to pile jetting process. The enclosed : work describes development of phenomenological pile jetti...

  2. Matagorda Ship Channel, Texas: Jetty Stability Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-08-01

    U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, 4 p. plus two tables and three plates. Dolan, R., Fenster, M. S., and Holme , S...Publication 10-1, U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, DC, 749 p. Smith, J. M., Sherlock , A. R., and Resio, D. T. (2001

  3. 33 CFR 80.727 - Cape Canaveral, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 80°09.7′ W.) drawn across St. Lucie Inlet. (e) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet...

  4. 33 CFR 80.727 - Cape Canaveral, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 80°09.7′ W.) drawn across St. Lucie Inlet. (e) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet...

  5. 33 CFR 80.727 - Cape Canaveral, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 80°09.7′ W.) drawn across St. Lucie Inlet. (e) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet...

  6. 33 CFR 80.727 - Cape Canaveral, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 80°09.7′ W.) drawn across St. Lucie Inlet. (e) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet...

  7. 33 CFR 80.727 - Cape Canaveral, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 80°09.7′ W.) drawn across St. Lucie Inlet. (e) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet...

  8. ESTIMATING NITROGEN AND TIDAL EXCHANGE IN A NORTH PACIFIC ESTUARY WITH EPA'S VISUAL PLUMES

    EPA Science Inventory

    Relatively large fluctuations in temperature, nitrate, and other water properties were observed in August 2000 three kilometers from the entrance jetties to Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Exhibiting periods comparable to the tides, several hypotheses were proposed to explain the varia...

  9. The Mid-Atlantic Engineers: A History of the Baltimore District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1774-1974

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-08-01

    completed the jetties during the next year. The operation at Cypress Creek, an inlet of the Magothy River north of Annapolis, entailed dredging a...Elk (W.VA) Elk (MD) Great Kanawha Greenbrier Honga James Juniata Lackawanna La Trappe Little Annemessex Magothy Manokin Nanticoke New

  10. 75 FR 33708 - Ocean Dumping; Correction of Typographical Error in 2006 Federal Register Final Rule for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-15

    ... to allow material placed in the corner of the site closest to the jetty to continue augmentation... addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of... United States. EPA determined that this rule will not have disproportionately high and adverse human...

  11. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Burch, T.L.; Sherwood, C.R.

    Large changes in the distribution of sediment near the entrance to Grays Harbor, Washington, have occurred since the long rock jetties were built to confine flow. Spits to the north and south of the entrance have grown, the entrance channel has deepened, and the outer bar has eroded and moved offshore. The shorelines of North Beach and South Beach have experienced significant amounts of both erosion and accretion since the jetties were constructed around the turn of the century. Recently, the erosion rate at South Beach has increased and, because Half Moon Bay is growing at the expense of themore » shoreward side of Point Chehalis, the vegetated portion of the spit is now less than 350 ft wide at the narrowest section. The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, requested that Battelle/Marine Sciences Laboratory evaluate long-term trends in erosion near the entrance to Grays Harbor.« less

  12. Coastal changes at the Sulina mouth of the Danube River as a result of human activities.

    PubMed

    Stanica, Adrian; Dan, Sebastian; Ungureanu, Viorel Gheorghe

    2007-01-01

    Sulina, the middle distributary of the Danube Delta, has been significantly changed by human activities over the past 150 yr. These include engineering works in the second half of the 19th century, when the channel was transformed for navigation and the construction of jetties which nowadays extend 8 km seawards. These interventions have strongly affected the natural processes of the Black Sea coast near the Sulina mouth. To the south of the Sulina mouth, the natural mild erosion has been reversed in the area close to the jetties where accretion is occurring, while southwards the greatest erosion rate along the entire Romanian coast, of more than 20 m/yr, has been recorded. Sediment accumulation in the northern part of the mouth is also huge and has brought to the creation and swift elongation of a sediment spit in several decades. Thus, the bay located here suffers from a rapid transformation into a lagoon.

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Boughezal, Radja; Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith

    We present the implementation of several color-singlet final-state processes at Next-to-Next-to Leading Order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD to the publicly available parton-level Monte Carlo program MCFM. Specifically we discuss the processesmore » $$pp\\rightarrow H$$, $$pp\\rightarrow Z$$, $$pp\\rightarrow W$$, $$pp\\rightarrow HZ$$, $$pp\\rightarrow HW$$ and $$pp\\rightarrow\\gamma\\gamma$$. Decays of the unstable bosons are fully included, resulting in a flexible fully differential Monte Carlo code. The NNLO corrections have been calculated using the non-local $N$-jettiness subtraction approach. Special attention is given to the numerical aspects of running MCFM for these processes at this order. Here, we pay particular attention to the systematic uncertainties due to the power corrections induced by the $N$-jettiness regularization scheme and the evaluation time needed to run the hybrid openMP/MPI version of MCFM at NNLO on multi-processor systems.« less

  14. Color-singlet production at NNLO in MCFM

    DOE PAGES

    Boughezal, Radja; Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; ...

    2016-12-30

    We present the implementation of several color-singlet final-state processes at Next-to-Next-to Leading Order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD to the publicly available parton-level Monte Carlo program MCFM. Specifically we discuss the processesmore » $$pp\\rightarrow H$$, $$pp\\rightarrow Z$$, $$pp\\rightarrow W$$, $$pp\\rightarrow HZ$$, $$pp\\rightarrow HW$$ and $$pp\\rightarrow\\gamma\\gamma$$. Decays of the unstable bosons are fully included, resulting in a flexible fully differential Monte Carlo code. The NNLO corrections have been calculated using the non-local $N$-jettiness subtraction approach. Special attention is given to the numerical aspects of running MCFM for these processes at this order. Here, we pay particular attention to the systematic uncertainties due to the power corrections induced by the $N$-jettiness regularization scheme and the evaluation time needed to run the hybrid openMP/MPI version of MCFM at NNLO on multi-processor systems.« less

  15. 33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

  16. 33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

  17. 33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

  18. 33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

  19. 33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

  20. 33 CFR 207.100 - Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md., between Reedy Point, Delaware River, and Old Town Point Wharf.... Traffic lights are located at Reedy Point and Old Town Point Wharf. These traffic lights are described in..., jetties, piers, fences, buildings, trees, telephone lines, lighting structures, or any other property of...

  1. 33 CFR 80.1122 - Channel Islands Harbor, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1122 Channel Islands Harbor, CA. (a) A line drawn from Channel Islands Harbor South Jetty Light 2 to Channel Islands Harbor Breakwater... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Channel Islands Harbor, CA. 80...

  2. 33 CFR 80.1122 - Channel Islands Harbor, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1122 Channel Islands Harbor, CA. (a) A line drawn from Channel Islands Harbor South Jetty Light 2 to Channel Islands Harbor Breakwater... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Channel Islands Harbor, CA. 80...

  3. 33 CFR 80.1122 - Channel Islands Harbor, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1122 Channel Islands Harbor, CA. (a) A line drawn from Channel Islands Harbor South Jetty Light 2 to Channel Islands Harbor Breakwater... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Channel Islands Harbor, CA. 80...

  4. 33 CFR 80.1122 - Channel Islands Harbor, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1122 Channel Islands Harbor, CA. (a) A line drawn from Channel Islands Harbor South Jetty Light 2 to Channel Islands Harbor Breakwater... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Channel Islands Harbor, CA. 80...

  5. 33 CFR 80.1122 - Channel Islands Harbor, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1122 Channel Islands Harbor, CA. (a) A line drawn from Channel Islands Harbor South Jetty Light 2 to Channel Islands Harbor Breakwater... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Channel Islands Harbor, CA. 80...

  6. 77 FR 15722 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Russian River Estuary Management...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-16

    ..., breeding, feeding, or sheltering [Level B harassment].'' Summary of Request NMFS received an application on... Counties. The mouth of the Russian River is located at Goat Rock State Beach (see Figure 2 of SCWA's... ``Feasibility of Alternatives to the Goat Rock State Beach Jetty for Managing Lagoon Water Surface Elevations--A...

  7. 78 FR 23746 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Russian River Estuary Management...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-22

    ..., breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering [Level B harassment].'' Summary of Request We received... located at Goat Rock State Beach; the estuary extends from the mouth upstream approximately 10 to 11 km (6... `Feasibility of Alternatives to the Goat Rock State Beach Jetty for Managing Lagoon Water Surface Elevations--A...

  8. Geochemical characteristics of Antarctic magmatism connected with Karoo-Maud and Kerguelen mantle plumes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sushchevskaya, Nadezhda; Krymsky, Robert; Belyatsky, Boris; Antonov, Anton; Migdisova, Natalya

    2013-04-01

    Emplacement (130-115 m.y. ago) of dikes and sills of alkaline-ultrabasic composition within Jetty oasis (East Antarctica) is suggested as a later appearance of plume magmatism within the East-Antarctic Shield [Andronikov et al., 1993, 2001; Laiba et al., 1987]. This region is located opposite Kerguelen Islands and possibly could be properly connected with activity of the Kerguelen-plume [Foley et al., 2001, 2006]. Jurassic-Cretaceous dykes, stocks and sills of alkaline-ultrabasic rocks, relatively close to kimberlite-type, are exposed within Jetty oasis and on the southern shore of the Raddock Lake. This alkaline-ultrabasic magmatism has appeared to be connected with the main Mesozoic stage of the evolution of the Lambert and Amery glaciers riftogenic structure [Kurinin et al., 1980, 1988]. The alkaline-ultrabasic dikes and sills within Jetty oasis cut the rocks of the Beaver complex, Permo-Triassic terrigeneous successions of the Amery complex, and late Paleozoic low-alkaline basic dikes as well. Dashed chain of 6 stock bodies spread out on 15 km along the eastern shore of the Beaver Lake, marked their allocation with submeridianal zone of the deep cracks, boarded of the eastern side of the Beaver Lake trough. At the same time, new data upon Quaternary magmatism of the mountain Gaussberg has confirmed the unique features of ultra-potassium alkaline magmatism (up to 14-17% K2O) formed under exclusively continental conditions [Murphy et al., 2002]. Volcanic cone is located at the continuation of Gaussberg rift zone which is possibly a part of Lambert fracture zone. Its formation is connected with the early stages of Gondwana development, perhaps, reactivated in different Precambrian events and according to numerous data is a single rift zone which is traced Indian inland (Indrani graben, [Golynsky, 2011]). The time of lamproitic magmas eruption is estimated at 56000±5000 yeas ago [Tingey et al., 1983]. Earlier it had been shown the Mesozoic (about 170 Ma) basaltic

  9. 78 FR 53467 - John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System; Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-29

    ... shorelines, stream channels, edges of marshes or wetlands, roads, and jetties. The CBRS boundaries must be..., intersections of roads, corners of large buildings, etc.) tested to be accurate to 1/50 of an inch on the map... shorelines, accreted sand spits, changes in the configuration of the wetlands, etc.) have occurred since the...

  10. 33 CFR 80.703 - Little River Inlet, SC to Cape Romain, SC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... South Jetty. (d) A line drawn from Santee Point to the seaward tangent of Cedar Island. (e) A line drawn from Cedar Island Point west to Murphy Island. (f) A north-south line drawn from the northernmost... Island to the easternmost extremity of Waties Island across Little River Inlet. (b) From Little River...

  11. 33 CFR 80.703 - Little River Inlet, SC to Cape Romain, SC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... South Jetty. (d) A line drawn from Santee Point to the seaward tangent of Cedar Island. (e) A line drawn from Cedar Island Point west to Murphy Island. (f) A north-south line drawn from the northernmost... Island to the easternmost extremity of Waties Island across Little River Inlet. (b) From Little River...

  12. Sediment Transport into the Swinomish Navigation Channel, Puget Sound—Habitat Restoration versus Navigation Maintenance Needs

    DOE PAGES

    Khangaonkar, Tarang; Nugraha, Adi; Hinton, Steve; ...

    2017-04-21

    The 11 mile (1.6 km) Swinomish Federal Navigation Channel provides a safe and short passage to fishing and recreational craft in and out of Northern Puget Sound by connecting Skagit and Padilla Bays, US State abbrev., USA. A network of dikes and jetties were constructed through the Swinomish corridor between 1893 and 1936 to improve navigation functionality. Over the years, these river training dikes and jetties designed to minimize sedimentation in the channel have deteriorated, resulting in reduced protection of the channel. The need to repair or modify dikes/jetties for channel maintenance, however, may conflict with salmon habitat restoration goalsmore » aimed at improving access, connectivity and brackish water habitat. Several restoration projects have been proposed in the Skagit delta involving breaching, lowering, or removal of dikes. To assess relative merits of the available alternatives, a hydrodynamic model of the Skagit River estuary was developed using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Here, in this paper, we present the refinement and calibration of the model using oceanographic data collected from the years 2006 and 2009 with a focus on the sediment and brackish water transport from the river and Skagit Bay tide flats to the Swinomish Channel. The model was applied to assess the feasibility of achieving the desired dual outcome of (a) reducing sedimentation and shoaling in the Swinomish Channel and (b) providing a direct migration pathway and improved conveyance of freshwater into the Swinomish Channel. Finally, the potential reduction in shoaling through site-specific structure repairs is evaluated. Similarly, the potential to significantly improve of brackish water habitat through dike breach restoration actions using the McGlinn Causeway project example, along with its impacts on sediment deposition in the Swinomish Navigation Channel, is examined« less

  13. Sediment Transport into the Swinomish Navigation Channel, Puget Sound—Habitat Restoration versus Navigation Maintenance Needs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khangaonkar, Tarang; Nugraha, Adi; Hinton, Steve

    The 11 mile (1.6 km) Swinomish Federal Navigation Channel provides a safe and short passage to fishing and recreational craft in and out of Northern Puget Sound by connecting Skagit and Padilla Bays, US State abbrev., USA. A network of dikes and jetties were constructed through the Swinomish corridor between 1893 and 1936 to improve navigation functionality. Over the years, these river training dikes and jetties designed to minimize sedimentation in the channel have deteriorated, resulting in reduced protection of the channel. The need to repair or modify dikes/jetties for channel maintenance, however, may conflict with salmon habitat restoration goalsmore » aimed at improving access, connectivity and brackish water habitat. Several restoration projects have been proposed in the Skagit delta involving breaching, lowering, or removal of dikes. To assess relative merits of the available alternatives, a hydrodynamic model of the Skagit River estuary was developed using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Here, in this paper, we present the refinement and calibration of the model using oceanographic data collected from the years 2006 and 2009 with a focus on the sediment and brackish water transport from the river and Skagit Bay tide flats to the Swinomish Channel. The model was applied to assess the feasibility of achieving the desired dual outcome of (a) reducing sedimentation and shoaling in the Swinomish Channel and (b) providing a direct migration pathway and improved conveyance of freshwater into the Swinomish Channel. Finally, the potential reduction in shoaling through site-specific structure repairs is evaluated. Similarly, the potential to significantly improve of brackish water habitat through dike breach restoration actions using the McGlinn Causeway project example, along with its impacts on sediment deposition in the Swinomish Navigation Channel, is examined« less

  14. 33 CFR 80.1114 - San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA. 80... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1114 San Pedro Bay—Anaheim Bay, CA. (a) A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Anaheim Bay Entrance Jetties; thence to Long...

  15. 33 CFR 80.1114 - San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA. 80... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1114 San Pedro Bay—Anaheim Bay, CA. (a) A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Anaheim Bay Entrance Jetties; thence to Long...

  16. 33 CFR 80.1114 - San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA. 80... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1114 San Pedro Bay—Anaheim Bay, CA. (a) A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Anaheim Bay Entrance Jetties; thence to Long...

  17. 33 CFR 80.1114 - San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA. 80... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1114 San Pedro Bay—Anaheim Bay, CA. (a) A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Anaheim Bay Entrance Jetties; thence to Long...

  18. 33 CFR 80.1114 - San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false San Pedro Bay-Anaheim Bay, CA. 80... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Coast § 80.1114 San Pedro Bay—Anaheim Bay, CA. (a) A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Anaheim Bay Entrance Jetties; thence to Long...

  19. 33 CFR 80.1310 - Rogue River, OR.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Rogue River, OR. 80.1310 Section... NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Thirteenth District § 80.1310 Rogue River, OR. A line drawn across the seaward extremities of the Rogue River Entrance Jetties. [CGD 84-091, 51 FR 7788, Mar. 6, 1986] ...

  20. 46 CFR 7.95 - St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Inlet Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy “2”); thence to Jupiter Island bearing approximately 180° true. (h) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet. (i) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of...

  1. 46 CFR 7.95 - St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Inlet Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy “2”); thence to Jupiter Island bearing approximately 180° true. (h) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet. (i) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of...

  2. 46 CFR 7.95 - St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Inlet Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy “2”); thence to Jupiter Island bearing approximately 180° true. (h) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet. (i) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of...

  3. 46 CFR 7.95 - St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Inlet Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy “2”); thence to Jupiter Island bearing approximately 180° true. (h) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of Jupiter Inlet North Jetty to the northeast extremity of the concrete apron on the south side of Jupiter Inlet. (i) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of...

  4. 32 CFR 536.120 - Claims payable as maritime claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) Damage to a wharf, pier, jetty, fishing net, farm facilities or other structures in, on, or adjacent to any body of water; (d) Damage or injury on land or on water arising under the AEA and allegedly due to... board an Army ship, boat, barge or other watercraft; and (f) Crash into water of an Army aircraft. ...

  5. THE MAJOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marine Science Project, Beaufort, NC.

    IDENTIFIED IN THIS MARINE SCIENCE HANDBOOK ARE 5 MAJOR TYPES OF NATURAL HABITATS--(1) OPEN BEACH AND ANY OTHER SEAWARD-FACING, UNPROTECTED STRAND, (2) GROINS, JETTIES, PILINGS, AND ROCK BULKHEADS, (3) SAND AND/OR MUD FLAT, (4) SALT MARSH, AND (5) UPLAND COMMUNITIES. EACH HABITAT IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF TYPICAL PLANTS AND ANIMALS, ADAPTATIONS, AND…

  6. 33 CFR 165.1407 - Security Zones; Oahu, HI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... between Harbor Entrance Channel Light 6 and the jetty point day beacon at 21°19.5′ N/158°07.26′ W. (7) Kahe Point, Oahu. All waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Electric Company power plant at Kahe Point within... affect the widest publicity, including the use of broadcast notice to mariners and publication in the...

  7. 33 CFR 165.1407 - Security Zones; Oahu, HI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... between Harbor Entrance Channel Light 6 and the jetty point day beacon at 21°19.5′ N/158°07.26′ W. (7) Kahe Point, Oahu. All waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Electric Company power plant at Kahe Point within... affect the widest publicity, including the use of broadcast notice to mariners and publication in the...

  8. 33 CFR 165.1407 - Security Zones; Oahu, HI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... between Harbor Entrance Channel Light 6 and the jetty point day beacon at 21°19.5′ N/158°07.26′ W. (7) Kahe Point, Oahu. All waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Electric Company power plant at Kahe Point within... affect the widest publicity, including the use of broadcast notice to mariners and publication in the...

  9. 33 CFR 80.703 - Little River Inlet, SC to Cape Romain, SC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... South Jetty. (d) A line drawn from Santee Point to the seaward tangent of Cedar Island. (e) A line drawn from Cedar Island Point west to Murphy Island. (f) A north-south line (longitude 79°20.3′ W.) drawn... Island to the easternmost extremity of Waties Island across Little River Inlet. (b) From Little River...

  10. 33 CFR 80.703 - Little River Inlet, SC to Cape Romain, SC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... South Jetty. (d) A line drawn from Santee Point to the seaward tangent of Cedar Island. (e) A line drawn from Cedar Island Point west to Murphy Island. (f) A north-south line (longitude 79°20.3′ W.) drawn... Island to the easternmost extremity of Waties Island across Little River Inlet. (b) From Little River...

  11. 33 CFR 80.703 - Little River Inlet, SC to Cape Romain, SC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... South Jetty. (d) A line drawn from Santee Point to the seaward tangent of Cedar Island. (e) A line drawn from Cedar Island Point west to Murphy Island. (f) A north-south line (longitude 79°20.3′ W.) drawn... Island to the easternmost extremity of Waties Island across Little River Inlet. (b) From Little River...

  12. 33 CFR 110.83 - Chicago Harbor, Ill.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... South of the South face of the former Naval Armory Dock, and 100 feet East of said bulkhead, that point... parallel to the aforesaid harbor line and is approximately 800 feet South of the South face of the former Naval Armory Dock, said point is 20 feet East of the East face of the Chicago Park District jetty...

  13. Modeling Study for Tangier Island Jetties, Tangier Island, Virginia

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-03-01

    meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) inputs used as forcing conditions. CENAO provided survey data available for Tangier Is- land from a...and 5 ft or 1.5 m). Wave direction is meteorological (e.g., direction waves coming from). Figure 55. Ten selected locations (black squares) in Alt...given in the previous sections. The Hud- son equation is well known and has been used for years to determine ar- mor stability ( Hudson 1959; Shore

  14. Impacts to Dungeness Crab from the Southwest Washington Littoral Drift Restoration Project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Williams, Greg D.; Kohn, Nancy P.; Pearson, Walter H.

    2005-11-09

    The Benson Beach littoral drift restoration project is a demonstration project that will replenish sand on Benson Beach, the public beach north of the North Jetty at the mouth of the Columbia River (MCR), using material dredged from the river during normal maintenance dredging of the navigational channel. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) proposal involves pumping the material from a sump area on the south side of the jetty to Benson Beach using a cutter suction dredge, also known as a pipeline dredge. If this one-time demonstration project proves feasible and successful, up to a million cubic yardsmore » of sediment could be used to replenish the outer coast littoral drift system in successive years by the same process. The primary goal of this study was to assess the potential risk of impacts to Dungeness crab from the proposed Benson Beach littoral drift restoration process of using the cutter suction dredge to move sediment from the proposed sump area on one side of the North Jetty to the beach on the other side of the jetty. Because there are no direct measurements of crab entrainment by pipeline dredge operating outside of the lower Columbia River navigation channel, dredge impacts for the proposed demonstration project were estimated using a modification of the dredge impact model (DIM) of Armstrong et al. (1987). The model estimates adult equivalent loss (AEL) of crabs using crab population density from trawl surveys, dredge project information (gear type, season, location, volume), and an entrainment function relating crab population density to entrainment by the dredge. The input used in applying the DIM to the Benson Beach littoral drift restoration included the specific dredging scenario provided by the Corps, existing data on crab density in previously proposed sump areas, and a series of entrainment functions. A total of fourteen scenarios were modeled and the outcomes compared with six reference scenarios intended to represent realistic to

  15. Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-08-01

    demonstrates symmetry of the methodology and capability to represent complex configurations of non -erodible cells. The bathymetric configuration (Figure...Army Engineer Rsearch and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. The upgrades chiefly concern capability to calculate sediment...hard bottom ( non -erodible bottom) to represent limestone and rocking coasts, as well as scour blankets at jetties, and (2) bottom avalanching to limit

  16. 46 CFR 7.120 - Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.120 Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. (a) A line drawn... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. 7.120... “5”); thence to Point Loma Light. (b) A line drawn from Mission Bay South Jetty Light “2” to Mission...

  17. 46 CFR 7.120 - Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.120 Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. (a) A line drawn... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. 7.120... “5”); thence to Point Loma Light. (b) A line drawn from Mission Bay South Jetty Light “2” to Mission...

  18. 46 CFR 7.120 - Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.120 Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. (a) A line drawn... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. 7.120... “5”); thence to Point Loma Light. (b) A line drawn from Mission Bay South Jetty Light “2” to Mission...

  19. 46 CFR 7.120 - Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.120 Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. (a) A line drawn... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. 7.120... “5”); thence to Point Loma Light. (b) A line drawn from Mission Bay South Jetty Light “2” to Mission...

  20. 46 CFR 7.120 - Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... BOUNDARY LINES Pacific Coast § 7.120 Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. (a) A line drawn... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Mexican/United States border to Point Fermin, CA. 7.120... “5”); thence to Point Loma Light. (b) A line drawn from Mission Bay South Jetty Light “2” to Mission...

  1. 33 CFR 162.235 - Puget Sound Area, Wash.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... sound this signal at least 500 feet south from the end of the jetties in Oak bay. If no other boat... within the canal grounds unless they are well over on the tide flats to the west of the dredged channel... the canal with a towline more than 200 feet in length. (7) Delaying traffic. No person shall cause or...

  2. 46 CFR 7.55 - Cape Henry, VA to Cape Fear, NC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cape Henry, VA to Cape Fear, NC. 7.55 Section 7.55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.55 Cape Henry, VA to Cape Fear, NC. (a) A line drawn from Rudee Inlet Jetty Light “2” to...

  3. 46 CFR 7.35 - Sandy Hook, NJ to Cape May, NJ.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Atlantic Coast § 7.35 Sandy Hook, NJ to Cape May, NJ. (a) A line drawn from Shark River Inlet North Breakwater Light “2” to Shark River Inlet South Breakwater Light “1”. (b) A line drawn from Manasquan Inlet... Absecon Inlet North Jetty to Atlantic City Light. (g) A line drawn from the southernmost point of Longport...

  4. 46 CFR 7.45 - Cape Henlopen, DE to Cape Charles, VA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Inlet Lighted Gong Buoy “1”); thence to Indian River Inlet South Jetty Light. (b) A line drawn from... Buoy “5”); thence to the easternmost extremity of the south breakwater. (c) A line drawn from... from the southernmost extremity of Cedar Island to latitude 37°34.7′ N. longitude 75°36.0′ W...

  5. Zγ production at NNLO including anomalous couplings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Campbell, John M.; Neumann, Tobias; Williams, Ciaran

    2017-11-01

    In this paper we present a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD calculation of the processes pp → l + l -γ and pp\\to ν \\overline{ν}γ that we have implemented in MCFM. Our calculation includes QCD corrections at NNLO both for the Standard Model (SM) and additionally in the presence of Zγγ and ZZγ anomalous couplings. We compare our implementation, obtained using the jettiness slicing approach, with a previous SM calculation and find broad agreement. Focusing on the sensitivity of our results to the slicing parameter, we show that using our setup we are able to compute NNLO cross sections with numerical uncertainties of about 0.1%, which is small compared to residual scale uncertainties of a few percent. We study potential improvements using two different jettiness definitions and the inclusion of power corrections. At √{s}=13 TeV we present phenomenological results and consider Zγ as a background to H → Zγ production. We find that, with typical cuts, the inclusion of NNLO corrections represents a small effect and loosens the extraction of limits on anomalous couplings by about 10%.

  6. Sampling Fisheries Resources at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-12-01

    near the structures, and (5) evaluate the recreational fishery supported by the jetties. APPROACH: Fish communities were assessed by a variety of...SAMPLING FISHERIES RESOURCES AT MURRELLS INLETJ SOUTH CAROLINA CETN-V-22 12/86 PROBLEM: Comprehensive environmental assessments of coastal... communities (Knott et al. 1984) and colonization of the structures by attached and motile fauna and flora (Van Dolah et al. 1984). A third field

  7. Coastal Inlets Research Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-30

    transport, and vessel-induced flow and wake. In FY 2014, the Corps spent approximately $808 million in maintenance dredging of 152 million cubic...yards from Federal navigation channels*. Dredging costs are likely to increase in the future because of increasing fuel, mobilization, and...channels and jetties can have a profound effect on the integrity of the navigation structures, adjacent beaches, estuaries, ecosystems and regions

  8. 75 FR 3883 - Restricted Areas and Danger Zone at Naval Station Mayport, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-25

    ... the shoreline at a distance of 380 feet seaward from the mean high water line to a point at latitude... point at latitude 30[deg]23[min]53.08[sec] N, longitude 081[deg]23[min]34.00[sec] W, thence following..., longitude 081[deg]23[min]33.30[sec] W, to a point on the jetty at latitude 30[deg]23[min]50.06[sec] N...

  9. 46 CFR 7.95 - St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL. 7.95 Section 7... LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.95 St. Johns Point, FL to Miami Beach, FL. (a) A line drawn from the seaward extremity of St. Augustine Inlet north jetty to latitude 29°55′ N. longitude 81°15.3′ W. (St. Augustine...

  10. North Texas Sediment Budget: Sabine Pass to San Luis Pass

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    concrete units have been placed over sand-filled fabric tube . .......................................33 Figure 28. Sand-filled fabric tubes protecting...system UTM Zone 15, NAD 83 Longshore drift directions King (in preparation) Based on wave hindcast statistics and limited buoy data Rollover Pass...along with descriptions of the jetties and limited geographic coordinate data1 (Figure 18). The original velum or Mylar sheets from which the report

  11. Ponce de Leon Inlet, FL: An Integrated Hydrodynamic and Morphologic Assessment of Design Alternatives using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Modeling System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-01

    produce a configuration parallel to, and longitudinally aligned with, the north jetty, but the rebuilt structure essentially cuts off the inner south...Normalized Root Mean Square Deviation PMAB Prototype Measurement and Analysis Branch RGB Red, Green, Blue RMSD Root Mean Square Deviation SHOALS...intended height of the rubble mound off the seafloor (submergent). The latter method is used for a variety of structural assignments besides a

  12. Large-scale coastal change in the Columbia River littoral cell: an overview

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gelfenbaum, Guy; Kaminsky, George M.

    2010-01-01

    This overview introduces large-scale coastal change in the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC). Covering 165 km of the southwest Washington and northwest Oregon coasts, the littoral cell is made up of wide low-sloping dissipative beaches, broad coastal dunes and barrier plains, three large estuaries, and is bounded by rocky headlands. The beaches and inner shelf are composed of fine-grained sand from the Columbia River and are exposed to a high-energy winter wave climate. Throughout the Holocene, the CRLC has undergone large fluctuations in shoreline change trends, responding to a variety of coastal change drivers, including changing rates of sea-level rise, infrequent, yet catastrophic, co-seismic subsidence events, a large regional sediment supply, inter-annual climatic fluctuations (El Niño cycles), seasonally varying wave climate, and numerous anthropogenic influences. Human influences on the CRLC include construction of over 200 dams in the Columbia River drainage basin, dredging of navigation channels removing sand to upland sites and offshore deep-water sites, and construction of large inlet jetties at the entrances to the Columbia River and Grays Harbor. The construction of these massive entrance jetties at the end of the 19th century has been the dominant driver of coastal change through most of the littoral cell over the last hundred years. Presently, some beaches in the littoral cell are eroding in response to nearshore sediment deficits resulting from a) ebb-jets of the confined entrances pushing the previously large, shallow ebb-tidal deltas offshore into deeper water, and b) waves dispersing the nearshore delta flanks initially onshore and then alongshore away from the jetties. This overview describes 1) the motivation for developing a system-wide understanding of sediment dynamics in the littoral cell at multiple time and space scales, 2) the formation and approach of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study, and 3) an introduction to the

  13. Condition and Performance Rating Procedures for Rubble Breakwaters and Jetties

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-11-01

    coastal community whose excellent ideas helped guide this work. Dr. Michael J. O’Connor is Director of USACERL. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Introduction...headquarters. Concepts for the condition rating procedures were generated by the authors, the CSAG, and other members of the Corps’ coastal community . These

  14. Longshore Sediment Transport Rate Calculated Incorporating Wave Orbital Velocity Fluctuations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    distribution of longshore sediment transport in the surf zone is necessary in the design and planning of groins, jetties, weirs and pipeline landfalls...transported by any current. Breaker height is defined as the vertical distance between the wave crest and the preceding wave trough at incipient...terminology; spilling breakers occur if the wave crest becomes unstable and flows down the front face of the wave producing a foamy water surface; plunging

  15. 33 CFR 110.188 - Atlantic Ocean off Miami and Miami Beach, Fla.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Miami Beach, Fla. (a) The anchorage grounds. The area to the eastward of a line bearing 12° (N. 12° E... with the north jetty; to the northward of a line bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line... bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line at a point B, 21/2 nautical miles north of the said...

  16. 33 CFR 110.188 - Atlantic Ocean off Miami and Miami Beach, Fla.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Miami Beach, Fla. (a) The anchorage grounds. The area to the eastward of a line bearing 12° (N. 12° E... with the north jetty; to the northward of a line bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line... bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line at a point B, 21/2 nautical miles north of the said...

  17. 33 CFR 110.188 - Atlantic Ocean off Miami and Miami Beach, Fla.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Miami Beach, Fla. (a) The anchorage grounds. The area to the eastward of a line bearing 12° (N. 12° E... with the north jetty; to the northward of a line bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line... bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line at a point B, 21/2 nautical miles north of the said...

  18. 33 CFR 110.188 - Atlantic Ocean off Miami and Miami Beach, Fla.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Miami Beach, Fla. (a) The anchorage grounds. The area to the eastward of a line bearing 12° (N. 12° E... with the north jetty; to the northward of a line bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line... bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line at a point B, 21/2 nautical miles north of the said...

  19. 33 CFR 110.188 - Atlantic Ocean off Miami and Miami Beach, Fla.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Miami Beach, Fla. (a) The anchorage grounds. The area to the eastward of a line bearing 12° (N. 12° E... with the north jetty; to the northward of a line bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line... bearing 102° (S. 78° E.) and intersecting the 12° line at a point B, 21/2 nautical miles north of the said...

  20. Interpretation of remote sensing data in the Bayou Lafourche Delta of south Louisiana

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whitehurst, C. A.

    1975-01-01

    Initial efforts were directed toward a comprehensive ground truth program for the Bayou Lafourche Delta. The impact of transportation systems on the marsh environment, impounded marsh areas, proposed jetty systems at Belle Pass, Louisiana, and erosion and sediment transport in the southwestern canal, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana are studied. The use of color IR imagery for a vegetation study of spoil banks in the Bayou Lafourche Region is also discussed.

  1. European Scientific Notes. Volume 37, Number 1.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-01-31

    instantoneous sea-state condition can be tions vary widely in their realism , with computed from a special data base coded some producing dynamic color pictures...between the variables of accuracy, approach channels, the alignment of practicality, realism , and expense. jetties, and the establishment of Because the...tidal current variables The system certainly seems to be valid, have been played into some of the and the smooth dynamics, realism , and simulator runs

  2. Environmental Impact Research Program. Ecological Effects of Rubble Weir Jetty Construction at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina. Volume 1. Colonization and Community Development on New Jetties.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-04-01

    was not ., defined but approximated 65 cm2. d. Fish Observations and Collections Qualitative observations on ichthyofauna were made during...that P. caudata occurred mainly among algae, seagrass , sponges and the like insubtidal waters. Corophiwu sp. showed significantly greater abundance on...abundance and diversity of ichthyofauna in areas where they are present (Hastings, 1972, 1978; Hurme, 1979). A large number of fishes were observed on or

  3. Species Profiles. Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Reef-Building Tube Worm.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-01

    horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus), coquina 32 °C over a 2-year period. However, these extremes are rock, sea walls, piers, jetties, peat, and beach...and between the rows of feeding REASON FOR INCLUSION IN SERIES tentacles. The lower lip of the mouth is surrounded by the horseshoe -shaped building...branchiae ( gills ), and range for hundreds of kilometers of coastline (Kirtley a ventral muscular plate. About 32 segments make up and Tanner 1968). The

  4. Sun, Sand and Water: A History of the Jacksonville District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1821-1975

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    plan envisioned a dredged cut through the barrier beach to Banana River. On the river there would be a turning basin with terminal facilities, and...intracoastal canal to the west This canal would cut through Merritt Island, which separated Indian River from Banana River.6 District Engineer, Colonel...canal, guarded by two jetties, through the barrier land from the 27 -foot contour line in the Atlantic to a 27 -foot turning basin in the Banana

  5. Regional Sediment Management Strategies for the Vicinity of St. Augustine Inlet, St. Johns County, Florida

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-07-01

    period 1941 to 1957 resulted in the construction of a north sand-trap groin structure approxi- mately 1,880 ft in length and a 3,695 ft long southern...jetty structure . The inlet channel and associated structures are maintained by SAJ. The project includes an outer channel authorized to -16 ft mean...erosion, several homes had to be temporarily vacated for major repairs, and several structures were granted permits to construct temporary sea walls

  6. Shallow stratigraphy of the Skagit River Delta, Washington, derived from sediment cores

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Grossman, Eric E.; George, Douglas A.; Lam, Angela

    2011-01-01

    Sedimentologic analyses of 21 sediment cores, ranging from 0.4 to 9.6 m in length, reveal that the shallow geologic framework of the Skagit River Delta, western Washington, United States, has changed significantly since 1850. The cores collected from elevations of 3.94 to -2.41 m (relative to mean lower low water) along four cross-shore transects between the emergent marsh and delta front show relatively similar environmental changes across an area spanning ~75 km2. Offshore of the present North Fork Skagit River and South Fork Skagit River mouths where river discharge is focused by diked channels through the delta, the entire 5–7-km-wide tidal flats are covered with 1–2 m of cross-bedded medium-to-coarse sands. The bottoms of cores, collected in these areas are composed of mud. A sharp transition from mud to a cross-bedded sand unit indicates that the tidal flats changed abruptly from a calm environment to an energetic one. This is in stark contrast to the Martha's Bay tidal flats north of the Skagit Bay jetty that was completed in the 1940s to protect the newly constructed Swinomish Channel from flooding and sedimentation. North of the jetty, mud ranging from 1 to 2 m thick drapes a previously silt- and sand-rich tidal flat. The silty sand is a sediment facies that would be expected there where North Fork Skagit River sedimentation occurred prior to jetty emplacement. This report describes the compositional and textural properties of the sediment cores by using geophysical, photographic, x-radiography, and standard sediment grain-size and carbon-analytical methods. The findings help to characterize benthic habitat structure and sediment transport processes and the environmental changes that have occurred across the nearshore of the Skagit River Delta. The findings will be useful for quantifying changes to nearshore marine resources, including impacts resulting from diking, river-delta channelization, shoreline development, and natural variations in fluvial

  7. Demonstration and Commercialization of the Sediment Ecosystem Assessment Protocol (SEAP)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-07-09

    undergone severe erosion (Peeling 1975). Zuniga Jetty, which runs parallel to Point Loma at the bay’s inlet, was built to control erosion near the inlet...consistent conditions and level of effort required to run the tests. A per site unit cost is less amenable to a field-based deployment, given the many...support in situ tetsing: 1) a standard exposure of spores to a reference toxicant dilutuion series; and 2) exposure of sporophyll blades to a

  8. Q-Ships of the Great War

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-04-01

    excitement came in responding to a distress call from Lusitania , sunk by a U-boat in April. Herbert and his crew were deeply affected by this incident as...they saw first- hand the recovered bodies of Lusitania passengers that had been laid out on the Queenstown jetty.5 At mid-day 19 August, Baralong was...Germans. Baralong‘s crew reveled in its actions, having avenged Lusitania and Arabic. Although accounts vary, eyewitnesses reported that Wegener was

  9. Sabine-Neches Waterway, Sabine Pass Jetty System: Past and Future Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-04-01

    island systems of the Mississippi River delta plain: historical change and future prediction. Journal of Coastal Research 13(3):628–655. McBride, R. A...armored breakwaters and revetments. Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note, ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-64 ( revised ). Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army...Systems, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Nelson, H. F., and E. E. Bray. 1970. Stratigraphy and history of the

  10. Numerical modelling to assess maintenance strategy management options for a small tidal inlet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shaeri, Saeed; Tomlinson, Rodger; Etemad-Shahidi, Amir; Strauss, Darrell

    2017-03-01

    Small tidal inlets are found to be more sensitive to anthropogenic alteration than their larger counterparts. Such alterations, although typically supported by technical design reports, sometimes require amendments or modification. One of the most suitable tools to conduct the necessary studies in this regard is numerical modelling, since the behaviour of the inlet system in response to proposed remedial actions, can easily be identified. In this paper, various alternative proposals are investigated to determine the most practical and viable option to mitigate the need for ongoing maintenance at a typical small, jettied tidal inlet. The main tool to investigate the alternatives is the hydro-sedimentological modelling of the inlet system, which was performed using the Delft3D software package. The proposed alternative entrance modifications were based upon structural alterations of the inlet system (such as a jetty extension or submerged weir) and non-structural scenarios (such as a change of the time of the dredging campaign or the deposition location of the dredged material). It was concluded that whilst a detailed study is inevitable in order to achieve a comprehensive design plan, based upon the results of this study the construction of a submerged weir at the entrance channel can satisfy the needs of most of the stakeholders, with justifiable costs over a longer period.

  11. Design for Flood Control, Wave Protection, and Prevention of Shoaling, Rogue River, Oregon. Hydraulic Model Investigation.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-08-01

    Gold Beach docks; a turning basin 10 ft deep, 150 ft wide, and 600 ft long adjacent to the decks; and revetment on the north bank extending approximately...jetty. A ga was left in thetbroan or to ft lde sctaW to arbor fatt.itie. 4. bsrye pPbla oaists beftten the logu River Ij4ties; slag 1 ide 4 f 0 south... revetments are also rubble-mound structures. Experience and experimental research have shown that considerable wave energy passes through the

  12. Erosion Control of Scour during Construction. Report 1. Present Design and Construction Practice.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-03-01

    and fiber reinforced ) were placed in the Humboldt jetties and were color-coded for study purposes. These kinds and locations of dolosse were as follows...Number Placed 4" 22 Number Broken 0 9** Conventionally Reinforced Dolosse, 75 lb/cu ft Number Placed 2238 2513 Number Broken 18 9 Fiber Reinforced Dolosse...other dolosse. t 7 dolosse reinforced with 80 lb of fiber per cubic yard of concrete. 10 dolosse reinforced with 200 lb of fiber per cubic yard of

  13. Efficiently Distributing Component-based Applications Across Wide-Area Environments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-01-01

    a variety of sophisticated network-accessible services such as e-mail, banking, on-line shopping, entertainment, and serv - ing as a data exchange...product database Customer Serves as a façade to Order and Account Stateful Session Beans ShoppingCart Maintains list of items to be bought by customer...Pet Store tests; and JBoss 3.0.3 with Jetty 4.1.0, for the RUBiS tests) and a sin- gle database server ( Oracle 8.1.7 Enterprise Edition), each running

  14. New Orleans, LA, District: Report of the Secretary of the Army on Civil Works Activities for FY 2011

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    side slopes, and protective vegetation. The sandfill berm slopes from an elevation of 8.5 feet, NGVD, at the toe of the dune 150 feet gulfward to an...and vegetated dune constructive with a geotextile tube core extending the length of Grand Isle’s gulf shore and a jetty to stabilize the western end...of the island at Caminada Pass. The dune has a 10-foot-wide crown at an elevation of 13.5 feet, National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD), 1 on 5

  15. Results of Flight Tests of the Ercoupe Airplane with Auxiliary Jet Propulsion Supplied by Solid Propellant Jet Units

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1941-09-02

    detailed study of the performance and flight characteristics of the Prooune and a preliminary design layout of t’.c assembly for installing the jet...ti: represented a sealed donn study of the off«ot of auxiliary Jot propulsion on aircraft of the type of the n-2S. S. The blast fron the jet units...indefinitely. The exhaust noetic was made of coopar of euch dimensions as to aroid serious erosion during one run. -Urcmft bolt.t were used throughout

  16. Numerical Modeling of Medium Term Morphological Changes at Manavgat River Mouth Due to Combined Action of Waves and River Discharges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Demirci, E.; Baykal, C.; Guler, I.

    2016-12-01

    In this study, hydrodynamic conditions due to river discharge, wave action and sea level fluctuations within a seven month period and the morphological response of the Manavgat river mouth are modeled with XBeach, a two-dimensional depth-averaged (2DH) numerical model developed to compute the natural coastal response during time-varying storm and hurricane conditions (Roelvink et al., 2010). The study area shows an active behavior on its nearshore morphology, thus, two jetties were constructed at the river mouth between years 1996-2000. Recently, Demirci et al. (2016) has studied the impacts of an excess river discharge and concurrent wave action and tidal fluctuations on the Manavgat river mouth morphology for the duration of 12 days (December 4th and 15th, 1998) while the construction of jetties were carried on. It is concluded that XBeach has presumed the final morphology fairly well with the calibrated set of input parameters. Here, the river mouth modeled at a further past date before the construction of jetties with the similar set of input parameters (between August 1st, 1995-March 8th, 1996) to reveal the drastic morphologic change near the mouth due to high river discharge and severe storms happened in a longer period of time. Wave climate effect is determined with the wave hindcasting model, W61, developed by Middle East Technical University-OERC with the NCEP-CFSR wind data as well as the sea level data. River discharge, wave and sea level data are introduced as input parameters in the XBeach numerical model and the final output morphological change is compared with the final bed level measurements. References:Demirci, E., Baykal, C., Guler, I., Ergin, A., & Sogut, E. (postponed). Numerical Modelling on Hydrodynamic Flow Conditions and Morphological Changes Using XBeach Near Manavgat River Mouth. Accepted as Oral presentation at the 35thInt. Conf. on Coastal Eng., Istanbul, Turkey. Guler, I., Ergin, A., Yalçıner, A. C., (2003). Monitoring Sediment

  17. Spin-dependent quark beam function at NNLO

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Boughezal, Radja; Petriello, Frank; Schubert, Ulrich

    2017-08-01

    We calculate the beam function for longitudinally polarized quarks through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD perturbation theory. This is the last missing ingredient needed to apply the factorization theorem for the N-jettiness event-shape variable in a variety of polarized collisions through the NNLO level. We present all technical details of our derivation. As a by-product of our calculation we provide the first independent check of the previously obtained unpolarized quark beam function. We anticipate that our result will have phenomenological applications in describing data from polarized collisions.

  18. Erosion Control of Scour during Construction. Report 5. Experimental Measurements of Refraction and Diffraction Downcoast of an Oblique Breakwater.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-09-01

    such as a jetty or shore-connected breakwater. The theory of water wave diffraction can be explained by Huygens’ principle . Each point of an ad...a slowly varying bottom, an asymptotic theory has been developed by Liu and Mei (1976) that accounts for the combined effects ot refraction and... Fundment i" rs t Second Third Fo :rth ,ri,- ATa rronlc Ha rmon i c Ha rme qic Gage s.__ ’ sc 0.33 sec 0.25 sec 0.20 sec 1* 0.n+ 6. .0 (-163) 0.12(-9) 0.01

  19. Antarctica as a testing ground for manned missions to the Moon and Mars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Demidov, N. E.; Lukin, V. V.

    2017-03-01

    This paper is concerned with the study of expedition activity in Antarctica as a part of the search for useful analogies and solutions which can be taken into account in planning manned missions to the Moon and Mars. The following is considered: natural analogies, human factors, station facilities, means of transportation, scientific programs, safety issues, and historical and political analogies. A rationalization is given for the idea of creating a testing ground in Antarctica (stations Vostok, Novolazarevskaya, Jetty Oasis) for ground-based simulation of functioning of a lunar and Martian base.

  20. Grays Harbor and Chehalis River Improvements to Navigation Environmental Studies. Benthic Invertebrate Studies in Grays Harbor, Washington,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-04-01

    protected from wave action by the jetty, ocean swells were a major environmental feature at the site. In addition, strong tidal currents sweep along thc...2 ) BIOMS j2 SURFACE OF ROCK 1 2Mean 1I Mean Crustacea 0 0 0 0 0 0 Corophium spinicorne 125,758 67,425 96,592 25.432 21.364 23,398 Annelida 0 0 0 0 0...variety of p 127 *I factors, both biotic (e.g., reproductive and distributive patterns of key species) and abiotic (e.g., salinity regimes). The most

  1. National Waterways Study Overview of the Transportation Industry.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-08-01

    Guard. The Corps has provided and maintained most of the channels, basins , dams, locks, breakwaters and jetties used as part of the navigation system...Producing Areas L 6AAX UXA*A 4. "T410~g IC.4 PIMMGCMU P’A M e.~ " .4 24 6mg -,41 )a%2," .4-. ifew All BasinIz2 ,1 Uinta "A’ SOURCE: A Technological...governments through such organizations as the river basin commissions established in accordance with Title II of the Water Resources Planning Act of 1965

  2. Lead (Pb) in biota and perceptions of Pb exposure at a recently designated Superfund beach site in New Jersey.

    PubMed

    Burger, Joanna; Gochfeld, Michael; Jeitner, Christian; Donio, Mark; Pittfield, Taryn

    2012-01-01

    The Raritan Bay Slag Site (New Jersey) was designated a Superfund site in 2009 because the seawall, jetties, and sediment contained lead (Pb). Our objective was to compare Pb and mercury (Hg) levels in biota and public perceptions of exposure at the Superfund and reference sites. Samples (algae, invertebrates, fish) were collected from the Raritan Bay Slag Site and reference sites and analyzed for Pb and Hg. Waterfront users were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Levels of Pb in aquatic organisms were compared to ecological and human health safety standards. Lead levels were related to location, trophic level, and mobility. Lead levels in biota were highest at the western side of the West Jetty. Mean Pb levels were highest for algae (Fucus = 53,600 ± 6990 ng/g = ppb [wet weight], Ulva = 23,900 ± 2430 ppb), intermediate for grass shrimp (7270 ± 1300 ppb, 11,600 ± 3340 ppb), and lowest for fish (Atlantic silversides 218 ± 44 ppb). Within species, Pb levels varied significantly across the sampling sites. Lead levels in algae, sometimes ingested by individuals, were sufficiently high to exceed human safety levels. Mercury levels did not differ between the Superfund and reference sites. Despite the fence and warnings, people (1) used the Superfund and reference sites similarly, (2) had similar fish consumption rates, and (3) were not concerned about Pb, although most individuals knew the metal was present. The fish sampled posed no apparent risk for human consumers, but the algae did.

  3. LEAD (Pb) IN BIOTA AND PERCEPTIONS OF Pb EXPOSURE AT A RECENTLY DESIGNATED SUPERFUND BEACH SITE IN NEW JERSEY

    PubMed Central

    Burger, Joanna; Gochfeld, Michael; Jeitner, Christian; Donio, Mark; Pittfield, Taryn

    2014-01-01

    The Raritan Bay Slag Site (New Jersey) was designated a Superfund site in 2009 because the seawall, jetties, and sediment contained lead (Pb). Our objective was to compare Pb and mercury (Hg) levels in biota and public perceptions of exposure at the Superfund and reference sites. Samples (algae, invertebrates, fish) were collected from the Raritan Bay Slag Site and reference sites and analyzed for Pb and Hg. Waterfront users were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Levels of Pb in aquatic organisms were compared to ecological and human health safety standards. Lead levels were related to location, trophic level, and mobility. Lead levels in biota were highest at the western side of the West Jetty. Mean Pb levels were highest for algae (Fucus = 53,600 ± 6990 ng/g = ppb [wet weight], Ulva = 23,900 ± 2430 ppb), intermediate for grass shrimp (7270 ± 1300 ppb, 11,600 ± 3340 ppb), and lowest for fish (Atlantic silversides 218 ± 44 ppb). Within species, Pb levels varied significantly across the sampling sites. Lead levels in algae, sometimes ingested by individuals, were sufficiently high to exceed human safety levels. Mercury levels did not differ between the Superfund and reference sites. Despite the fence and warnings, people (1) used the Superfund and reference sites similarly, (2) had similar fish consumption rates, and (3) were not concerned about Pb, although most individuals knew the metal was present. The fish sampled posed no apparent risk for human consumers, but the algae did. PMID:22409490

  4. Z -Boson Production in Association with a Jet at Next-To-Next-To-Leading Order in Perturbative QCD

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Boughezal, Radja; Campbell, John; Ellis, R. Keith

    2016-04-01

    We present the first complete calculation of Z-boson production in association with a jet in hadronic collisions through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Our computation uses the recently proposed N-jettiness subtraction scheme to regulate the infrared divergences that appear in the real-emission contributions. We present phenomenological results for 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with fully realistic fiducial cuts on the final-state particles. The remaining theoretical uncertainties after the inclusion of our calculations are at the percent level, making the Z + jet channel ready for precision studies at the LHC run II.

  5. Z-boson production in association with a jet at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Boughezal, Radja; Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith

    2016-04-14

    Here, we present the first complete calculation of Z-boson production in association with a jet in hadronic collisions through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Our computation uses the recently proposed N-jettiness subtraction scheme to regulate the infrared divergences that appear in the real-emission contributions. We present phenomenological results for 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with fully realistic fiducial cuts on the final-state particles. The remaining theoretical uncertainties after the inclusion of our calculations are at the percent level, making the Z+jet channel ready for precision studies at the LHC run II.

  6. Southwest Washington littoral drift restoration—Beach and nearshore morphological monitoring

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Stevens, Andrew W.; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Ruggiero, Peter; Kaminsky, George M.

    2012-01-01

    A morphological monitoring program has documented the placement and initial dispersal of beach nourishment material (280,000 m3) placed between the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) North Jetty and North Head, at the southern end of the Long Beach Peninsula in southwestern Washington State. A total of 21 topographic surveys and 8 nearshore bathymetric surveys were performed between July 11, 2010, and November 4, 2011. During placement, southerly alongshore transport resulted in movement of nourishment material to the south towards the MCR North Jetty. Moderate wave conditions (significant wave height around 4 m) following the completion of the nourishment resulted in cross-shore sediment transport, with most of the nourishment material transported into the nearshore bars. The nourishment acted as a buffer to the more severe erosion, including dune overtopping and retreat, that was observed at the northern end of the study area throughout the winter. One year after placement of the nourishment, onshore transport and beach recovery were most pronounced within the permit area and to the south toward the MCR North Jetty. This suggests that there is some long-term benefit of the nourishment for reducing erosion rates locally, although the enhanced recovery also could be due to natural gradients in alongshore transport causing net movement of the sediment from north to south. Measurements made during the morphological monitoring program documented the seasonal movement and decay of nearshore sand bars. Low-energy conditions in late summer resulted in onshore bar migration early in the monitoring program. Moderate wave conditions in the autumn resulted in offshore movement of the middle bar and continued onshore migration of the outer bar. High-energy wave conditions early in the winter resulted in strong cross-shore transport and creation of a 3-bar system along portions of the coast. More southerly wave events occurred later in the winter and early spring and coincided

  7. Breach History and Susceptibility Study, South Jetty and Navigation Project, Grays Harbor, Washington

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    second phase of the project was modified to incorporate a soft solution design. The plan consisted of construction of a wave diffraction mound to reduce...and local public property (that is considered as private) in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. An RSM approach was followed in this study...representation of hard bottom (non-erodible areas), and hot-start option. M2D has been designed as a local- scale model that can be easily and quickly

  8. Major Rehabilitation of the Jetty System at the Mouth of the Columbia River

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-01

    reduced rates of body growth that were consistent with nutritional limitation (Calkins and Goodwin 1988; Pitcher et al. 1998; Calkins et al. 1998...fishing grounds, duration of fishing season, and monitoring have been established to prevent Steller sea lion nutritional deficiencies as a result of...at Quintana Roo (Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula), along Brazil’s shores, and at additional rookeries in Caribbean Central America, Bahamian Archipelago

  9. Environmental Impact Research Program. Ecological Effects of Rubble Weir Jetty Construction at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina. Volume 3. Community Structure and Habitat Utilization of Fishes and Decapods Associated with the Jetties.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-08-01

    also highly similar to crested blennies (Hypleurochilus geminatus) in their consumption of tubicolous and errant polychaetes (Hydroides dianthus and...Hydroson Obelia ariculate 13.0 𔃺.1 𔃺.1 Sottularis distan 8.7 𔃺.1 𔃺.1 Total Nydromos 17.4 𔃺.1 0.1 LAmelIda Folychoet a ,. ndroide dianthus 5.5...0.1 Dyname uadradent&ta 20.0 0.7 0.6 Total Hydrozo. 20.0 0.7 0.6 50.0 0.1 0.1 hAilelida Polychoota Hydroides dianthus 25.0 0.5 0.2 Neres succinea 20.0

  10. Interpretation of surface-water circulation, Aransas Pass, Texas, using Landsat imagery

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Finley, R. J.; Baumgardner, R. W., Jr.

    1980-01-01

    The development of plumes of turbid surface water in the vicinity of Aransas Pass, Texas has been analyzed using Landsat imagery. The shape and extent of plumes present in the Gulf of Mexico is dependent on the wind regime and astronomical tide prior to and at the time of satellite overpass. The best developed plumes are evident when brisk northerly winds resuspend bay-bottom muds and flow through Aransas Pass is increased by wind stress. Seaward diversion of nearshore waters by the inlet jetties was also observed. A knowledge of surface-water circulation through Aransas Pass under various wind conditions is potentially valuable for monitoring suspended and surface pollutants

  11. Regional Sediment Budget of the Columbia River Littoral Cell, USA

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Buijsman, Maarten C.; Sherwood, C.R.; Gibbs, A.E.; Gelfenbaum, G.; Kaminsky, G.M.; Ruggiero, P.; Franklin, J.

    2002-01-01

    Summary -- In this Open-File Report we present calculations of changes in bathymetric and topographic volumes for the Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, and Columbia River entrances and the adjacent coasts of North Beach, Grayland Plains, Long Beach, and Clatsop Plains for four intervals: pre-jetty - 1920s (Interval 1), 1920s - 1950s (Interval 2), 1950s - 1990s (Interval 3), and 1920s 1990s (Interval 4). This analysis is part of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study (SWCES), the goals of which are to understand and predict the morphologic behavior of the Columbia River littoral cell on a management scale of tens of kilometers and decades. We obtain topographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data from a joint project by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), and the Washington State Department of Ecology (DOE) and bathymetric data from the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), USGS, and the DOE. Shoreline data are digitized from T-Sheets and aerial photographs from the USC&GS and National Ocean Service (NOS). Instead of uncritically adjusting each survey to NAVD88, a common vertical land-based datum, we adjust some surveys to produce optimal results according to the following criteria. First, we minimize offsets in overlapping surveys within the same era, and second, we minimize bathymetric changes (relative to the 1990s) in deep water, where we assume minimal change has taken place. We grid bathymetric and topographic datasets using kriging and triangulation algorithms, calculate bathymetric-change surfaces for each interval, and calculate volume changes within polygons that are overlaid on the bathymetric-change surfaces. We find similar morphologic changes near the entrances to Grays Harbor and the Columbia River following jetty construction between 1898 and 1916 at the Grays Harbor entrance and between 1885 and

  12. North Jetty Performance and Entrance Navigation Channel Maintenance, Grays Harbor, Washington. Volume 2. Appendices

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-06-01

    Rectified Infrared Aerial Photos Image112-4 flown on 9/9/01. F22 Appendix F Shoreline and Bathymetry Data Map registration and digitizing...Division 108( WW2 ), 163-179. Soulsby, R. L., and Whitehouse, R. J. S. W. (1997). “Threshold of sediment motion in coastal environments,” Proceeings

  13. Benson Beach Demonstration Project: Composition and Abundance of Biota at Three Alternative Sump Sites

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Williams, Greg D.; Pearson, Walter H.; Evans, Nathan R.

    2004-01-15

    The Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is investigating plans to provide sediment to nourish beaches north of the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). Under the currently designed proposal, sediment dredged from the MCR will be temporarily stored at one of three proposed areas south of the North Jetty before being redredged and moved by a cutterhead pipeline dredge over the jetty to nourish Benson Beach. Resulting potential impacts to resident Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and fishes represent one of the criteria for evaluating each of the alternative locations. To establish the species composition and relativemore » abundance of crabs and fishes associated with each of the three proposed sump areas, researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Marine Sciences Division completed nine field sampling trips from July 8, 2003, to November 1, 2003, for a total of 113 successful trawls comprising an area of over 7.4 ha (74,156 m2). This report documents the results of that effort. To understand the relative risk of losses to crab populations associated with dredging impacts at the sump alternative areas, it is recommended that a modified dredge impact model be developed using the data collected in this study. This model should estimate crab adult equivalent loss and associated error rates to gain a population-level perspective on the potential entrainment impacts at each of the three alternative sump areas. As well, a sustained survey of Dungeness crab distribution and movement within the Columbia River estuary would clarify the relative value of the sump areas as a migratory corridor for crab populations, and support management decisions relative to issues associated with dredged material handling and disposal.« less

  14. Top Quark Mass Calibration for Monte Carlo Event Generators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Butenschoen, Mathias; Dehnadi, Bahman; Hoang, André H.; Mateu, Vicent; Preisser, Moritz; Stewart, Iain W.

    2016-12-01

    The most precise top quark mass measurements use kinematic reconstruction methods, determining the top mass parameter of a Monte Carlo event generator mtMC. Because of hadronization and parton-shower dynamics, relating mtMC to a field theory mass is difficult. We present a calibration procedure to determine this relation using hadron level QCD predictions for observables with kinematic mass sensitivity. Fitting e+e- 2-jettiness calculations at next-to-leading-logarithmic and next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic order to pythia 8.205, mtMC differs from the pole mass by 900 and 600 MeV, respectively, and agrees with the MSR mass within uncertainties, mtMC≃mt,1 GeV MSR .

  15. Modern Earthworks and Their Cosmic Embrace

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hatch, J. G.

    2011-06-01

    This paper examines the use of sky imagery in a number of modern Earthworks. They range from Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970), Robert Morris' Observatory (1971), Nancy Holt's Sun Tunnels (1973-76), to ongoing manifestations like Charles Ross' Star Axis (1971-present) and James Turrell's Roden Crater Project (1974-present). My interest in discussing these various works is to look at why so many of them have focused on the firmament, what factors contributed to this interest, their specific meaning, what the various sites of these works have offered, and last but not least, their possible relationship to past Earth projects, like Stonehenge and Machu Picchu, for example, that have also embraced the sky as their subject.

  16. An Annotated Bibliography on the Biological Effects of Constructing Channels, Jetties, and other Coastal Structures.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-01-01

    was composed mostly of live seagrasses or detritus. Crustaceans were more abundant in the natural marsh than in the other two areas and showed a...measured. After more than a year no recolonization of seagrasses , Thalassia testudinwn and Syringodiwn filiforme, occurred in any dredged area. Some re...Intracoastal Waterway Dredging on Ichthyofauna and Benthic Macroinvertebrates," Technical Report Series No. 72-4, Georgia Marine Science Center, University

  17. Engineering Assessment of Hydrodynamics and Jetty Scour at Little River Inlet North and South Carolina

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-12-01

    CERC) through a reimbursable study for the US Army Engineer District, Charleston (SAC). Mr. James Joslin and Mr. Millard Dowd were the SAC repre...Principal Investigator of the reimburs - able study, Ms. Monica A. Chasten, EAU, CSEB, and Mr. William C. Seabergh, Wave Dynamics Division. Techniral

  18. W -Boson Production in Association with a Jet at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in Perturbative QCD

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boughezal, Radja; Focke, Christfried; Liu, Xiaohui; Petriello, Frank

    2015-08-01

    We present the complete calculation of W -boson production in association with a jet in hadronic collisions through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. To cancel infrared divergences, we discuss a new subtraction method that exploits the fact that the N -jettiness event-shape variable fully captures the singularity structure of QCD amplitudes with final-state partons. This method holds for processes with an arbitrary number of jets and is easily implemented into existing frameworks for higher-order calculations. We present initial phenomenological results for W +jet production at the LHC. The NNLO corrections are small and lead to a significantly reduced theoretical error, opening the door to precision measurements in the W +jet channel at the LHC.

  19. Top Quark Mass Calibration for Monte Carlo Event Generators.

    PubMed

    Butenschoen, Mathias; Dehnadi, Bahman; Hoang, André H; Mateu, Vicent; Preisser, Moritz; Stewart, Iain W

    2016-12-02

    The most precise top quark mass measurements use kinematic reconstruction methods, determining the top mass parameter of a Monte Carlo event generator m_{t}^{MC}. Because of hadronization and parton-shower dynamics, relating m_{t}^{MC} to a field theory mass is difficult. We present a calibration procedure to determine this relation using hadron level QCD predictions for observables with kinematic mass sensitivity. Fitting e^{+}e^{-} 2-jettiness calculations at next-to-leading-logarithmic and next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic order to pythia 8.205, m_{t}^{MC} differs from the pole mass by 900 and 600 MeV, respectively, and agrees with the MSR mass within uncertainties, m_{t}^{MC}≃m_{t,1  GeV}^{MSR}.

  20. KSC-2012-3019

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-24

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Seen from Jetty Park in Florida, the barge transporting the high-fidelity space shuttle model travels through Port Canaveral during the first leg of their journey from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center to Johnson Space Center's visitor center in Houston. The model was built in Apopka, Fla., by Guard-Lee and installed at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in 1993.The model has been parked at the turn basin the past five months to allow the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex to begin building a new facility to display space shuttle Atlantis in 2013. For more information about Johnson’s visitor center, called Space Center Houston, visit http://www.spacecenter.org. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

  1. KSC-2012-3018

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-24

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Seen from Jetty Park in Florida, the barge transporting the high-fidelity space shuttle model travels through Port Canaveral during the first leg of their journey from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center to Johnson Space Center's visitor center in Houston. The model was built in Apopka, Fla., by Guard-Lee and installed at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in 1993.The model has been parked at the turn basin the past five months to allow the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex to begin building a new facility to display space shuttle Atlantis in 2013. For more information about Johnson’s visitor center, called Space Center Houston, visit http://www.spacecenter.org. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

  2. Emergent Behavior of Coupled Barrier Island - Resort Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McNamara, D. E.; Werner, B. T.

    2004-12-01

    Barrier islands are attractive sites for resorts. Natural barrier islands experience beach erosion and island overwash during storms, beach accretion and dune building during inter-storm periods, and migration up the continental shelf as sea level rises. Beach replenishment, artificial dune building, seawalls, jetties and groins have been somewhat effective in protecting resorts against erosion and overwash during storms, but it is unknown how the coupled system will respond to long-term sea level rise. We investigate coupled barrier island - resort systems using an agent-based model with three components: natural barrier islands divided into a series of alongshore cells; resorts controlled by markets for tourism and hotel purchases; and coupling via storm damage to resorts and resort protection by government agents. Modeled barrier islands change by beach erosion, island overwash and inlet cutting during storms, and beach accretion, tidal delta growth and dune and vegetation growth between storms. In the resort hotel market, developer agents build hotels and hotel owning agents purchase them using predictions of future revenue and property appreciation, with the goal of maximizing discounted utility. In the tourism market, hotel owning agents set room rental prices to maximize profit and tourist agents choose vacation destinations maximizing a utility based on beach width, price and word-of-mouth. Government agents build seawalls, groins and jetties, and widen the beach and build up dunes by adding sand to protect resorts from storms, enhance beach quality, and maximize resort revenue. Results indicate that barrier islands and resorts evolve in a coupled manner to resort size saturation, with resorts protected against small-to-intermediate-scale storms under fairly stable sea level. Under extended, rapidly rising sea level, protection measures enhance the effect of large storms, leading to emergent behavior in the form of limit cycles or barrier submergence

  3. First Vertical Land Movement Estimates on South Georgia Island: An Impact Study on Sea Level Change from Tide Gauge and Satellite Altimetry Measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abraha, K. E.; Teferle, F. N.; Hunegnaw, A.; Woodworth, P. L.; Williams, S. D. P.; Hibbert, A.; Smalley, R., Jr.; Dalziel, I.; Lawver, L.

    2017-12-01

    South Georgia Island in the Southern Atlantic Ocean has been a key location for the seismic, geomagnetic and oceanic global monitoring networks. However, no permanent geodetic monitoring station had been established there despite the lack of observations from this region within, for example, the International GNSS Service (IGS) network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. Then, in 2013 the King Edward Point (KEP) Geodetic Observatory was established with a focus on sea level studies and in support of general geoscience applications. Currently, this observatory located roughly half-way along the main island along its northern coastline, consists of two GNSS stations (KEPA and KRSA) with local benchmark networks, allowing the height determinations from the GNSS antennas to be transferred to the KEP tide gauge (GLOSS ID 187) and forming a height reference within the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. In late 2014, three additional GNSS stations (SG01, SG02 and SG03) were established, all located on small islands at the perimeter of the main island. Together the stations provide the best possible geographic distribution to study various geophysical processes in the region. With the GNSS-derived position time series now partly reaching over 4.5 years in length, it has become possible to provide first estimates of vertical land movements for the island and, in particular, KEP with its surrounding area. Together with four precise levelling campaigns of the benchmark network in 2013, 2014 and two in 2017, it has also been possible to investigate the very local character of the vertical motions, ie. the stability of the jetty upon which the tide gauge is mounted. Our measurements show that while South Georgia Island and the area around KEP are rising, the jetty and tide gauge are subsiding. In this study, we will present the preliminary results from the GNSS and levelling measurements and will discuss their impact on the sea level record from the

  4. Long term effect of a modified hydrodynamic at a lagoon inlet on the salt marsh ability to keep pace with sea level rise.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carniello, L.; Nordio, G.; D'Alpaos, A.; Silvestri, S.

    2016-12-01

    In a context of global increase of mean sea level, the fate of salt marshes relates to their ability of keeping pace with relative sea level rise (SLR) and depends on the external sediment supply and organic soil production. Detecting the vertical sinking of salt marshes is a difficult task being the process characterized by time scales of tens to hundreds of years. Thanks to the availability of historical maps of the Venice lagoon, we reconstructed the reduction of salt mash areas that occurred in the northern part of the lagoon in the last two centuries. In this period, anthropic interventions played a crucial role in promoting the disappearance of vast marsh surfaces in the inner lagoon, while the marshes closer to the inlet remained fairly stable. Using a 2D numerical model we investigated the hydrodynamic behavior of different ancient lagoon configurations analyzing the effect of i) the construction of the jetties at the Lido inlet in 1882-1892 and ii) the removal of reed barriers that protected a fish farm area in the same period. Our results show that the deepening of the inlet induced by the construction of the jetties had a positive feedback on the vertical accretion of the salt marshes close to the inlet by lowering the local mean sea level and increasing the tidal amplitude. This effect contrasted the eustatic SLR for more than 30 years, allowing these marshes to increase their height with respect to the local mean sea level. On the contrary, the salt marshes far from the inlet could not take the same rapid advantage of this effect due to tidal wave dissipation characterizing tide propagation in shallow basins. Elevation of inner marshes is low due to the small tidal excursion, making these marshes extremely vulnerable to changes in sediment supply and SLR. We show that the removal of reed barriers used by ancient Venetians to create fish farms in the inner lagoon may have reduced the sediments available to the marshes thus contributing to their drowning.

  5. Top Quark Mass Calibration for Monte Carlo Event Generators

    DOE PAGES

    Butenschoen, Mathias; Dehnadi, Bahman; Hoang, André H.; ...

    2016-11-29

    The most precise top quark mass measurements use kinematic reconstruction methods, determining the top mass parameter of a Monte Carlo event generator mmore » $$MC\\atop{t}$$. Because of hadronization and parton-shower dynamics, relating m$$MC\\atop{t}$$ to a field theory mass is difficult. Here, we present a calibration procedure to determine this relation using hadron level QCD predictions for observables with kinematic mass sensitivity. Fitting e +e −2-jettiness calculations at next-to-leading-logarithmic and next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic order to PYTHIA 8.205, m$$MC\\atop{t}$$ differs from the pole mass by 900 and 600 MeV, respectively, and agrees with the MSR mass within uncertainties, m$$MC\\atop{t}$$ ≃ m$$MSR\\atop{t,1 GeV}$$.« less

  6. Direct Photon Production at Next-to–Next-to-Leading Order

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; Williams, Ciaran

    2017-05-01

    We present the first calculation of direct photon production at next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD. For this process, although the final state cuts mandate only the presence of a single electroweak boson, the underlying kinematics resembles that of a generic vector boson plus jet topology. In order to regulate the infrared singularities present at this order we use the $N$-jettiness slicing procedure, applied for the first time to a final state that at Born level includes colored partons but no required jet. We compare our predictions to ATLAS 8 TeV data and find that the inclusion of themore » NNLO terms in the perturbative expansion, supplemented by electroweak corrections, provides an excellent description of the data with greatly reduced theoretical uncertainties.« less

  7. Delta Mariner arrival with EFT-1 Booster

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-03-03

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – The United Launch Alliance barge Delta Mariner glides past the jetties as it enters Port Canaveral in Florida. The barge is carrying two of the booster stages for the Delta IV Heavy rocket slated for Orion's Exploration Flight Test-1, or EFT-1. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep-space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of Orion is scheduled to launch in September 2014 atop a Delta IV Heavy rocket and in 2017 on NASA’s Space Launch System rocket. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Frankie Martin

  8. Specifications for Construction of Channel and Jetty System Murrells Inlet Navigation Project Murrells Inlet, South Carolina.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-06-14

    onIis oft’ h Ie ’I IS.J1 I aif the minori ty imanpower tit i I ia i lon’ ia t ot, hle font r~ic ta’ rec s or exceeds its commitmenC~t to thle goalIs for...Treated Piles V-3 5-12. Quality Control V-3 5-13. Payment for Weir Warning Markers V-4 5-14. Pulled Piles V-4 w w w w w w ". .... • _ ° .. i...indicated on the driving plan shall be no more than 6 inches for each pile. Excessive bending of piles to pull them into final position will not be

  9. Age and isotopic marks of K-rich Manning Massif trachybasalts: an evidence for Lambert-Amery rift-system initiation (East Antarctica)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leitchenkov, German; Belyatsky, Boris; Lepekhina, Elena; Antonov, Anton; Krymsky, Robert; Andronikov, Alex; Sergeev, Sergey

    2017-04-01

    Volcanic rocks from the Manning Massif, which is situated in the western flank of the Paleozoic-Late Mesozoic Lambert Rift (East Antarctica), belong to a rare type of alkaline magmatism within the Precambrian East Antarctic Craton. K-rich olivine trachybasalts compose some flows resting upon a surface of Precambrian granulite terrain, each flow of 2.5-7 m in thickness and total section not less than 30 m. Each flow sequence comprises of glassy chilled base with vitroporphyritic texture, fine-plated vesicular basalt with interstitial texture, massive fine-grained basalt with porphyritic microlitic texture, amigdaloidal aphanitic basalt with poikilophytic texture, and vesicular mandelstone of slag crust with vitroporphyritic texture [Andronikov et al., 1998]. Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic age of this eruption was estimated as 40-50 Ma and the main reason for this Cenozoic continental volcanism was supposed the post-rift tectonic activity [Andronikov et al., 1998]. But the isotopic characteristics of these trachybasalts are very similar to those obtained for the part of spinel lherzolite and spinel-garnet lherzolite xenoliths from the Mesozoic alkaline picrite of the adjacent Jetty Peninsula region. That could be evidence of the trachybasalt mantle source in long-lived enriched upper mantle beneath the region, either under the lowermost levels of spinel lherzolite facies or on the highest levels of garnet lherzolite facies conditions. To reveal tectonic position of these enigmatic volcanics, we have studied 16 samples from different parts of basaltic flows for U-Pb geochronology and Pb-Sr-Nd-Os isotopic characteristics. U-Pb SIMS SHRIMP-II analysis was performed for 68 apatite grains from 5 samples. All obtained data-points are approximated by discordia line (MSWD=1.6) on Tera-Wasserburg diagram, corresponding to the age of 346±46 Ma. Common Pb isotope composition of these apatites differs from the model by increased 206Pb/204Pb (19.8) and 207Pb/204Pb (18.3) that means the

  10. Stability Study of the 1978 Jetty Rehabilitation, Yaquina Bay, Oregon, in Response to 1979-1980 Storm Season Waves

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-08-01

    n.m.) (11 -km) grid of the Pacific Ocean between latitude 20ON to 60WN and longi- tude 1 10*W to 200*W using the WIS deepwater numerical model DWAVE ...represents a wave travelling towards the north). Comparisons with the DWAVE wind and wave results (Tracy and Payne 1990) were made with NOAA buoy...hindcast using the WIS numerical model DWAVE to the deepwater depth corresponding to the location of the NOAA buoy. Directional spectral infor- mation was

  11. Rehabilitation of Permeable Breakwaters and Jetties by Void Sealing: Summary Report. Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-10-01

    able sealing material that has promising characteristics for coastal engineer- ing applications. Microfine Cement, a company which markets ultrafine...cement, claims the product can penetrate fine sand and is strong and durable with a 4- to 5-hr set tine. Fifty percent of Microfine Cement’s...sealant. The casing can be pierced at any selected point by firing an explosive-impelled projectile from a device lowered into the casing. d. Tubes A

  12. Single-Inclusive Jet Production In Electron-Nucleon Collisions Through Next-To-Next-To-Leading Order In Perturbative QCD

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abelof, Gabriel; Boughezal, Radja; Liu, Xiaohui

    2016-10-17

    We compute the Oσ 2σ 2 s perturbative corrections to inclusive jet production in electron-nucleon collisions. This process is of particular interest to the physics program of a future Electron Ion Collider (EIC). We include all relevant partonic processes, including deep-inelastic scattering contributions, photon-initiated corrections, and parton-parton scattering terms that first appear at this order. Upon integration over the final-state hadronic phase space we validate our results for the deep-inelastic corrections against the known next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) structure functions. Our calculation uses the N-jettiness subtraction scheme for performing higher-order computations, and allows for a completely differential description of the deep-inelasticmore » scattering process. We describe the application of this method to inclusive jet production in detail, and present phenomenological results for the proposed EIC. The NNLO corrections have a non-trivial dependence on the jet kinematics and arise from an intricate interplay between all contributing partonic channels.« less

  13. Sediment Contaminants and Infauna Associated with Recreational Boating Structures in a Multi-Use Marine Park.

    PubMed

    Sim, Vivian X Y; Dafforn, Katherine A; Simpson, Stuart L; Kelaher, Brendan P; Johnston, Emma L

    2015-01-01

    Multi-use marine parks achieve conservation through spatial management of activities. Zoning of marine parks in New South Wales, Australia, includes high conservation areas and special purpose zones (SPZ) where maritime activities are concentrated. Although such measures geographically constrain anthropogenic impacts, we have limited understanding of potential ecological effects. We assessed sediment communities and contaminants adjacent to boating infrastructure (boat ramps, jetties and a marina) in a SPZ from the Clyde Estuary in Batemans Marine Park. Metal concentrations and fines content were elevated at boating structures compared to reference sites. Species richness was higher at sites with boating structures, where capitellid polychaetes and nematodes dominated the communities. Changes associated with boating structures were localised and did not extend beyond breakwalls or to reference sites outside the SPZ. The study highlights the benefits of appropriate zoning in a multi-use marine park and the potential to minimise stress on pristine areas through the application of spatial management.

  14. The numerical model of the sediment distribution pattern at Lampulo National fisheries port

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Irham, M.; Setiawan, I.

    2018-01-01

    The spatial distribution of sediment pattern was studied at Lampulo Fisheries Port, Krueng Aceh estuarial area, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted using the numerical model of wave-induced currents at shallow water area. The study aims to understand how waves and currents react to the pattern of sediment distribution around the beach structure in that region. The study demonstrated that the port pool area had no sedimentation and erosion occurred because the port was protected by the jetty as the breakwater to defend the incoming waves toward the pool. The protected pool created a weak current circulation to distribute the sediments. On the other hand, the sediments were heavily distributed along the beach due to the existence of longshore currents near the shoreline (outside the port pool area). Meanwhile, at the estuarial area, the incoming fresh water flow responded to the coastal shallow water currents, generating Eddy-like flow at the mouth of the river.

  15. Historical evolution of a micro-tidal lagoon simulated by a 2-D schematic model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonaldo, D.; Di Silvio, G.

    2013-11-01

    Coastal transitional environments such as estuaries, coastal inlets and tidal lagoons are the result of the interaction of several exogenous forcing factors (e.g. tidal regime, local wind and wave climate, sea-level rise, sediment supply) many of which are, in principle, variable in time over historical and geological timescales. Besides the natural variability of the external constraints, human interventions in some components of the system can either directly or indirectly affect long-term sediment dynamics in the whole system. In this paper the evolution of a schematic tidal basin, with non-uniform sediments and subject to geological and anthropogenic processes, is reproduced by means of a two dimensional morphodynamic model and qualitatively compared to the events which historically took place in the Venice Lagoon during the last four centuries; the trend for the next 200 years is also investigated. In particular, the effect on both morphology and bottom composition of river diversion, jetty construction, human-induced subsidence and channel dredging are presented and discussed.

  16. Sediment Contaminants and Infauna Associated with Recreational Boating Structures in a Multi-Use Marine Park

    PubMed Central

    Sim, Vivian X. Y.; Dafforn, Katherine A.; Simpson, Stuart L.; Kelaher, Brendan P.; Johnston, Emma L.

    2015-01-01

    Multi-use marine parks achieve conservation through spatial management of activities. Zoning of marine parks in New South Wales, Australia, includes high conservation areas and special purpose zones (SPZ) where maritime activities are concentrated. Although such measures geographically constrain anthropogenic impacts, we have limited understanding of potential ecological effects. We assessed sediment communities and contaminants adjacent to boating infrastructure (boat ramps, jetties and a marina) in a SPZ from the Clyde Estuary in Batemans Marine Park. Metal concentrations and fines content were elevated at boating structures compared to reference sites. Species richness was higher at sites with boating structures, where capitellid polychaetes and nematodes dominated the communities. Changes associated with boating structures were localised and did not extend beyond breakwalls or to reference sites outside the SPZ. The study highlights the benefits of appropriate zoning in a multi-use marine park and the potential to minimise stress on pristine areas through the application of spatial management. PMID:26086427

  17. KSC-2011-8154

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-12-02

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At Port Canaveral in Florida, NASA's Liberty Star ship, with an Orion flight test capsule secured to its deck, passes the jetties as it heads toward the Atlantic Ocean. Liberty Star has been enlisted to support the Crew Module Recovery Attach Fitting Test (CRAFT) which began at-sea operations Nov. 29. Multiple attach clips are being evaluated against the current recovery cleat configuration by U.S. Air Force pararescue jumpers (PJs) and a U.S. Navy diver. The 21st Century Ground Systems Program will use data collected from the tests to help develop ground operations support equipment that could be used to recover an uncrewed Orion flight test capsule after splashdown. The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle is NASA's next-generation spacecraft being developed for deep space missions to asteroids, moons and other interplanetary destinations throughout the solar system. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Tim Jacobs

  18. Geomorphic and human influence on large-scale coastal change

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hapke, Cheryl J.; Kratzmann, Meredith G.; Himmelstoss, Emily A.

    2013-01-01

    An increasing need exists for regional-scale measurements of shoreline change to aid in management and planning decisions over a broad portion of the coast and to inform assessments of coastal vulnerabilities and hazards. A recent dataset of regional shoreline change, covering a large portion of the U.S. East coast (New England and Mid-Atlantic), provides rates of shoreline change over historical (~ 150 years) and recent (25–30 years) time periods making it ideal for a broad assessment of the regional variation of shoreline change, and the natural and human-induced influences on coastal behavior. The variable coastal landforms of the region provide an opportunity to investigate how specific geomorphic landforms relate to the spatial variability of shoreline change. In addition to natural influences on the rates of change, we examine the effects that development and human modifications to the coastline have on the measurements of regional shoreline change.Regional variation in the rates of shoreline change is a function of the dominant type and distribution of coastal landform as well as the relative amount of human development. Our results indicate that geomorphology has measurable influence on shoreline change rates. Anthropogenic impacts are found to be greater along the more densely developed and modified portion of the coast where jetties at engineered inlets impound large volumes of sediment resulting in extreme but discrete progradation updrift of jetties. This produces a shift in averaged values of rates that may mask the natural long-term record. Additionally, a strong correlation is found to exist between rates of shoreline change and relative level of human development. Using a geomorphic characterization of the types of coastal landform as a guide for expected relative rates of change, we found that the shoreline appears to be changing naturally only along sparsely developed coasts. Even modest amounts of development influence the rates of change

  19. Map Showing Seacliff Response to Climatic and Seismic Events, Seabright Beach, Santa Cruz County, California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hapke, Cheryl J.; Richmond, Bruce M.; D'Iorio, Mimi M.

    2002-01-01

    the type or style of slope failure. Seabright Beach extends 0.9 km from San Lorenzo Point on the west to the Santa Cruz Yacht Harbor on the east. The cliffs at Seabright Beach are completely protected from wave attack by a wide beach. The protective beach is a relatively recent feature that formed after the emplacement of the Santa Cruz Yacht Harbor jetty in 1963-1964. Prior to the completion of the jetty, the cliffs at Seabright Beach were subject to daily wave attack. The data in this study are post-jetty construction; therefore, the sea cliff failures and cliff retreat are the result of nonmarine processes (rainfall, groundwater and seismic shaking). The 8 to 15 m high cliffs at Seabright Beach are composed of the Miocene to Pliocene Purisima Formation, which is overlain by unconsolidated Pleistocene terrace deposits. The relative thickness of these units varies along the length of the cliff. At the west end of Seabright Beach, including San Lorenzo Point, nearly the entire cliff section is composed of Purisima Formation and is capped by less than 2 m of terrace deposits. In this exposure, the Purisima Formation is a moderately weathered, moderately indurated massive sandstone. The height of the cliffs and the thickness of the Purisima Formation decrease to the east. In the cliffs immediately adjacent to the harbor, the entire exposure is composed of terrace deposits. Toe-slope debris and wind-blown sand form a nearly continuous fan along the cliff base that obscure the lower portion of the cliff. This study documents the impacts of earthquakes and large storms to the sea cliffs in the Seabright Beach section. The first event is the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a M7.1 earthquake that caused widespread damage to the area stretching from Santa Cruz to the San Francisco Bay. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Santa Cruz Mountains, approximately 9 km inland from the coast. Extensive block and debris falls, induced by the seismic shaking, occ

  20. Study on the shipboard radar reconnaissance equipment azimuth benchmark method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Zhenxing; Jiang, Ning; Ma, Qian; Liu, Songtao; Wang, Longtao

    2015-10-01

    The future naval battle will take place in a complex electromagnetic environment. Therefore, seizing the electromagnetic superiority has become the major actions of the navy. Radar reconnaissance equipment is an important part of the system to obtain and master battlefield electromagnetic radiation source information. Azimuth measurement function is one of the main function radar reconnaissance equipments. Whether the accuracy of direction finding meets the requirements, determines the vessels successful or not active jamming, passive jamming, guided missile attack and other combat missions, having a direct bearing on the vessels combat capabilities . How to test the performance of radar reconnaissance equipment, while affecting the task as little as possible is a problem. This paper, based on radar signal simulator and GPS positioning equipment, researches and experiments on one new method, which povides the azimuth benchmark required by the direction-finding precision test anytime anywhere, for the ships at jetty to test radar reconnaissance equipment performance in direction-finding. It provides a powerful means for the naval radar reconnaissance equipments daily maintenance and repair work[1].

  1. Associated production of a Higgs boson at NNLO

    DOE PAGES

    Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith; Williams, Ciaran

    2016-06-30

    Here we present a Next-to-Next-to Leading Order (NNLO) calculation of the production of a Higgs boson in association with a massive vector boson. We also include the decays of the unstable Higgs and vector bosons, resulting in a fully flexible parton-level Monte Carlo implementation. We also include allmore » $$\\mathcal{O}(\\alpha_s^2)$$ contributions that occur in production for these processes: those mediated by the exchange of a single off-shell vector boson in the $s$-channel, and those which arise from the coupling of the Higgs boson to a closed loop of fermions. Final states of interest for Run II phenomenology were studied, namely $$H\\rightarrow b\\bar{b}$$, $$\\gamma\\gamma$$ and $WW^*$. The treatment of the $$H\\rightarrow b\\bar{b}$$ decay includes QCD corrections at NLO. We use the recently developed $N$-jettiness regularization procedure, and study its viability in the presence of a large final-state phase space by studying $$pp\\rightarrow V(H\\rightarrow WW^*) \\rightarrow$$ leptons.« less

  2. Soft functions for generic jet algorithms and observables at hadron colliders

    DOE PAGES

    Bertolini, Daniele; Kolodrubetz, Daniel; Neill, Duff Austin; ...

    2017-07-20

    Here, we introduce a method to compute one-loop soft functions for exclusive N - jet processes at hadron colliders, allowing for different definitions of the algorithm that determines the jet regions and of the measurements in those regions. In particular, we generalize the N -jettiness hemisphere decomposition of ref. [1] in a manner that separates the dependence on the jet boundary from the observables measured inside the jet and beam regions. Results are given for several factorizable jet definitions, including anti- kT , XCone, and other geometric partitionings. We calculate explicitly the soft functions for angularity measurements, including jet massmore » and jet broadening, in pp → L + 1 jet and explore the differences for various jet vetoes and algorithms. This includes a consistent treatment of rapidity divergences when applicable. We also compute analytic results for these soft functions in an expansion for a small jet radius R. We find that the small- R results, including corrections up to O(R 2), accurately capture the full behavior over a large range of R.« less

  3. Hydraulics and geology related to beach restoration in Lee County, Florida. [Captiva Island

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Winton, T. (Principal Investigator); Brooks, H. K.; Degner, J.; Ruth, B.

    1981-01-01

    The erosion problem on Captiva Island is discussed. It is due to a deficit in the sand budget of the littoral drift system; a system with losses due to attrition of the particles and mass losses into the lagoons, to offshore, and to lateral transport. The effect that reopening Blind Pass would have, and the placement of sediment retaining structures in the surf zone at the northern and southern limits of the Captiva beach system, wave examined. A geological approach was used to study the origin and dynamic changes that have occurred. Through hydraulic modeling, changes that will occur by reopening and stabilizing Blind Pass are predicted. It is concluded that if the island is to be stabilized, beach nourishment with proper amounts and particle size is a necessity and that jetties adequate to restrict lateral and offshore losses are essential. It is shown that the reopening of Blind Pass would have minimal effects on the passes to the north and south, and would improve the environmental conditions in the sound with no adverse effects on the beach system.

  4. Earth Observations taken by Expedition 38 crewmember

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-02-21

    ISS038-E-57806 (21 Feb. 2014) --- One of the Expedition 38 crew members aboard the International Space Station photographed this image of the Gulf of Mexico's Intracoastal Waterway in southern Texas. Represented in the photo are 18 kilometers (11.2 miles) of the overall 4800 kilometers-long (3000 miles) barge channel that lies on the protected inshore of the coastal islands of the southern and eastern USA, including coastal Texas. The small city of Port Aransas lies on a barrier island fully 18 kilometers (11.2 miles) seaward of the mainland and its sister city, Aransas Pass (lower left). This image shows parts of the waterway that are artificial, as in the straight sector leading into Corpus Christi Bay. Corpus Christi lies outside the lower margin of the image. Other sectors of the waterway are natural bays such as Aransas Bay. Jetties protect the inlet into the Gulf of Mexico (top right). Inlets at many points cut through the barrier islands to give shipping access to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.

  5. Soft functions for generic jet algorithms and observables at hadron colliders

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bertolini, Daniele; Kolodrubetz, Daniel; Neill, Duff Austin

    Here, we introduce a method to compute one-loop soft functions for exclusive N - jet processes at hadron colliders, allowing for different definitions of the algorithm that determines the jet regions and of the measurements in those regions. In particular, we generalize the N -jettiness hemisphere decomposition of ref. [1] in a manner that separates the dependence on the jet boundary from the observables measured inside the jet and beam regions. Results are given for several factorizable jet definitions, including anti- kT , XCone, and other geometric partitionings. We calculate explicitly the soft functions for angularity measurements, including jet massmore » and jet broadening, in pp → L + 1 jet and explore the differences for various jet vetoes and algorithms. This includes a consistent treatment of rapidity divergences when applicable. We also compute analytic results for these soft functions in an expansion for a small jet radius R. We find that the small- R results, including corrections up to O(R 2), accurately capture the full behavior over a large range of R.« less

  6. Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Case Histories of Corps Breakwater and Jetty Structures. Report 6. North Pacific Division

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-11-01

    is located in southern Alaska on Orca Inlet at the south- eastern approach of Prince William Sound , 145 air miles east-southeast from Anchorage. The...Anacortes Harbor, Washington 113. Anacortes is located on Fidalgo Island on the east side of Puget Sound . The project includes a 2,850-ft-long channel... Puget Sound in northern Washington. The project includes three waterways maintained by dredging, a small-boat basin protected by two rubble-mound

  7. Morphodynamic changes as an impact of human intervention at the Ras El-Bar-Damietta Harbor coast, NW Damietta Promontory, Nile Delta, Egypt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El-Asmar, Hesham M.; Taha, Maysa M. N.; El-Sorogy, Abdelbaset S.

    2016-12-01

    Due to the absence of a national strategic plan for coastal management, the Nile Delta coast is no longer described as a fully dissipative, divergent, low-gradient beach face composed of fine to very fine sand. Instead, new patterns have emerged depending on rock type, geomorphology of the coast, direction of the shoreline in relation to waves and current, and the implemented defense measures. This study attempts to record the morphodynamic changes which occurred due to human intervention. Landsat satellite images acquired for the periods of time of 1973, 1984, 1989, 2003, and 2015 are used together with geomorphologic observations in order to monitor the changes along the coastal strip between Ras El-Bar and Damietta Harbor. This study reveals two beach segments; one of which lies to the east, it is protected with detached breakwater system, and shows average shoreline accretions of +4.73 myr-1, +5.0 myr-1, and +0.89myr-1 during the periods of 1984-1998, 1998-2003, and 2003-2015 respectively. This segment still has the geomorphologic imprints of the dissipative beach, wave divergence, low-gradient beach face, fine grained sand and spilling breakers. The second is to the west, between the detached breakwaters and the eastern jetty of the Damietta Harbor. It is an erosional segment with shoreline retreat of -7.43 myr-1, -10.90 myr-1, and -3.11myr-1 for the same periods. This segment shows intermediate "d" beach or intermediate-reflective, wave convergence, rip currents, with the characteristic steep sloped and cuspate beach face, cliffy, reworked sediments of coarse grained sands, mud clasts, discoidal gravels, shelly beach, and plunging breakings. The presence of convergent waves along this segment confirms the concept of an emergence of a new wave pattern of reversed eddy which enhances the steepness of the beach face, accelerates erosion, and increases the possibility of drowning of swimmers at Ras El-Bar resort. Under such circumstances the plunge step

  8. Visualizing Sungai Batu Ancient River, Lembah Bujang Archeology Site, Kedah – Malaysia using 3-D Resistivity Imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yusoh, R.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M.; Muhammad, S. B.; Anda, S. T.; Ashraf, M. A. M.; Hazreek, Z. A. M.

    2018-04-01

    Sungai Batu at lembah bujang has become an interest spot for archeologist since it was discover as earliest entrepot in history of Malaysia. It is believe that there was a large lost river near the ancient jetty remain. Ground resistivity method was implement with large coverage area to locate the ancient river direction. Eleven ground resistivity survey line was carry out using SAS4000 equipment and wenner-schlumberger array was applied for measurement. Ground resistivity method was used to detect the alluvial deposit made by the ancient river deposition. The ground resistivity data were produce in 2D image and presented in 3D contour map for various selected depth by using Rockwork 15 and Surfer 8 software to visualize the alluvial deposits area. The results from the survey has found the appearance of sedimentation formation due to low resistivity value (0 – 330 ohm.m) was found near the existing river. However, the width of alluvial deposition was 1400 m which too wide for river width unless it was a deposition happen form age to age by movement of river meander. It’s conclude that the river was still at the same direction and its direction was change due to sediment dumping factor waking it shifting to the east.

  9. A subleading operator basis and matching for gg → H

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Moult, Ian; Stewart, Iain W.; Vita, Gherardo

    The Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) is a powerful framework for studying factorization of amplitudes and cross sections in QCD. While factorization at leading power has been well studied, much less is known at subleading powers in the λ << 1 expansion. In SCET subleading soft and collinear corrections to a hard scattering process are described by power suppressed operators, which must be fixed case by case, and by well established power suppressed Lagrangians, which correct the leading power dynamics of soft and collinear radiation. Here we present a complete basis of power suppressed operators for gg → H, classifyingmore » all operators which contribute to the cross section at O(λ 2), and showing how helicity selection rules significantly simplify the construction of the operator basis. We perform matching calculations to determine the tree level Wilson coefficients of our operators. These results are useful for studies of power corrections in both resummed and fixed order perturbation theory, and for understanding the factorization properties of gauge theory amplitudes and cross sections at subleading power. As one example, our basis of operators can be used to analytically compute power corrections for N -jettiness subtractions for gg induced color singlet production at the LHC.« less

  10. Movement mysteries unveiled: spatial ecology of juvenile green sea turtles

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Shaver, Donna J.; Hart, Kristen M.; Fujisaki, Ikuko; Rubio, Cynthia; Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R.; Lutterschmidt, William I.

    2013-01-01

    Locations of important foraging areas are not well defined for many marine species. Unraveling these mysteries is vital to develop conservation strategies for these species, many of which are threatened or endangered. Satellite-tracking is a tool that can reveal movement patterns at both broad and fine spatial scales, in all marine environments. This chapter presents records of the longest duration track of an individual juvenile green turtle (434 days) and highest number of tracking days in any juvenile green turtle study (5483 tracking days) published to date. In this chapter, we use spatial modeling techniques to describe movements and identify foraging areas for juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) captured in a developmental habitat in south Texas, USA. Some green turtles established residency in the vicinity of their capture and release site, but most used a specific habitat feature (i.e., a jettied pass) to travel between the Gulf of Mexico and a nearby bay. Still others moved southward within the Gulf of Mexico into Mexican coastal waters, likely in response to decreasing water temperatures. These movements to waters off the coast of Mexico highlight the importance of international cooperation in restoration efforts undertaken on behalf of this imperiled species.

  11. The Service Environment for Enhanced Knowledge and Research (SEEKR) Framework

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    King, T. A.; Walker, R. J.; Weigel, R. S.; Narock, T. W.; McGuire, R. E.; Candey, R. M.

    2011-12-01

    The Service Environment for Enhanced Knowledge and Research (SEEKR) Framework is a configurable service oriented framework to enable the discovery, access and analysis of data shared in a community. The SEEKR framework integrates many existing independent services through the use of web technologies and standard metadata. Services are hosted on systems by using an application server and are callable by using REpresentational State Transfer (REST) protocols. Messages and metadata are transferred with eXtensible Markup Language (XML) encoding which conform to a published XML schema. Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) metadata is central to utilizing the services. Resources (data, documents, software, etc.) are described with SPASE and the associated Resource Identifier is used to access and exchange resources. The configurable options for the service can be set by using a web interface. Services are packaged as web application resource (WAR) files for direct deployment on application services such as Tomcat or Jetty. We discuss the composition of the SEEKR framework, how new services can be integrated and the steps necessary to deploying the framework. The SEEKR Framework emerged from NASA's Virtual Magnetospheric Observatory (VMO) and other systems and we present an overview of these systems from a SEEKR Framework perspective.

  12. Power Scaling of the Mainland Shoreline of the Atlantic Coast of the United States

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vasko, E.; Barton, C. C.; Geise, G. R.; Rizki, M. M.

    2017-12-01

    The fractal dimension of the mainland shoreline of the Atlantic coast of the United Stated from Maine to Homestead, FL has been measured in 1000 km increments using the box-counting method. The shoreline analyzed is the NOAA Medium Resolution Shoreline (https://shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/medres.html). The shoreline was reconstituted into sequentially numbered X-Y coordinate points in UTM Zone 18N which are spaced 50 meters apart, as measured continuously along the shoreline. We created a MATLAB computer code to measure the fractal dimension by box counting while "walking" along the shoreline. The range of box sizes is 0.7 to 450 km. The fractal dimension ranges from 1.0 to1.5 along the mainland shoreline of the Atlantic coast. The fractal dimension is compared with beach particle sizes (bedrock outcrop, cobbles, pebbles, sand, clay), tidal range, rate of sea level rise, rate and direction of vertical crustal movement, and wave energy, looking for correlation with the measured fractal dimensions. The results show a correlation between high fractal dimensions (1.3 - 1.4) and tectonically emergent coasts, and low fractal dimensions (1.0 - 1.2) along submergent and stable coastal regions. Fractal dimension averages 1.3 along shorelines with shoreline protection structures such as seawalls, jetties, and groins.

  13. CZM from the state perspective: the New Jersey experience

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kinsey, D.N.

    1985-01-01

    In the late 1800s and early 1900s, New Jersey sold extensive tide-flowed lands at bargain prices to railroad and land development companies to promote seashore and waterfront development. Beginning in 1869, the legislature entrusted the executive branch with the responsibility of selling tide-flowing lands. In the early 1900s, the state began regulation of construction along tidal waterfronts. Beginning in the 1940s, state government undertook various shore protection projects, funding the construction of groins, jetties, dredging activities, and beach nourishment projects in the Jersey Shore. Enactment in 1970 of the Wetlands Act clearly signaled recognition of the need for a strongmore » state role in the management of fragile coastal resources. Finally the Coastal Area Facility Review Act (CAFRA) was enacted in 1973, the year after passage of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA). CZMA provided the State of New Jersey and other coastal states and territories with new incentives and requirements for managing coastal resources. The pressures faced by New Jersey's coast of offshore oil and gas exploration, recreation, fisheries development, casino gambling, and many other activities, along with the opportunities provided by the CZMA, have further intensified and concentrated New Jersey's efforts to manage its coastal resources. 108 references.« less

  14. A subleading operator basis and matching for gg → H

    DOE PAGES

    Moult, Ian; Stewart, Iain W.; Vita, Gherardo

    2017-07-01

    The Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) is a powerful framework for studying factorization of amplitudes and cross sections in QCD. While factorization at leading power has been well studied, much less is known at subleading powers in the λ << 1 expansion. In SCET subleading soft and collinear corrections to a hard scattering process are described by power suppressed operators, which must be fixed case by case, and by well established power suppressed Lagrangians, which correct the leading power dynamics of soft and collinear radiation. Here we present a complete basis of power suppressed operators for gg → H, classifyingmore » all operators which contribute to the cross section at O(λ 2), and showing how helicity selection rules significantly simplify the construction of the operator basis. We perform matching calculations to determine the tree level Wilson coefficients of our operators. These results are useful for studies of power corrections in both resummed and fixed order perturbation theory, and for understanding the factorization properties of gauge theory amplitudes and cross sections at subleading power. As one example, our basis of operators can be used to analytically compute power corrections for N -jettiness subtractions for gg induced color singlet production at the LHC.« less

  15. The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zubir, A. A. Ahmad; Saad, F. N. Mohd; Dahalan, F. A.

    2018-03-01

    The contamination of heavy metals gives bad implications to the aquatic environment. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the sediment quality by using different contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Each sediment sample was collected at the surface (0-15cm) at 5 locations based on the land use activity; jetty port (A), seaside restaurant (B), roadside area (C), power plant (D) and residential area (E). All samples were undergoes acid digestion and analyzed with AAS. Four elements identified from the sediment samples which are Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were used to calculate the respective indices. Results show that, the highest EF value of Pb which categorized as very severe enrichment was at point E. Meanwhile minor enrichment was detected at point B for Cu while Cr and Zn at point A. Based on Igeo value the sediment quality along Kuala Perlis was in the unpolluted-moderately polluted condition (class 1). As for PLI it shows that the sediment of the coastal area is unpolluted (PLI<1). Therefore, this study revealed that, the main contributor of heavy metals in this area is Pb while the sediment quality of Kuala Perlis was in minor pollution condition.

  16. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farhi, David; Feige, Ilya; Freytsis, Marat

    Some of the most arduous and error-prone aspects of precision resummed calculations are related to the partonic hard process, having nothing to do with the resummation. In particular, interfacing to parton-distribution functions, combining various channels, and performing the phase space integration can be limiting factors in completing calculations. Conveniently, however, most of these tasks are already automated in many Monte Carlo programs, such as MadGraph [1], Alpgen [2] or Sherpa [3]. In this paper, we show how such programs can be used to produce distributions of partonic kinematics with associated color structures representing the hard factor in a resummed distribution.more » These distributions can then be used to weight convolutions of jet, soft and beam functions producing a complete resummed calculation. In fact, only around 1000 unweighted events are necessary to produce precise distributions. A number of examples and checks are provided, including e +e – two- and four-jet event shapes, n-jettiness and jet-mass related observables at hadron colliders at next-to-leading-log (NLL) matched to leading order (LO). Furthermore, the attached code can be used to modify MadGraph to export the relevant LO hard functions and color structures for arbitrary processes.« less

  17. Streamlining resummed QCD calculations using Monte Carlo integration

    DOE PAGES

    Farhi, David; Feige, Ilya; Freytsis, Marat; ...

    2016-08-18

    Some of the most arduous and error-prone aspects of precision resummed calculations are related to the partonic hard process, having nothing to do with the resummation. In particular, interfacing to parton-distribution functions, combining various channels, and performing the phase space integration can be limiting factors in completing calculations. Conveniently, however, most of these tasks are already automated in many Monte Carlo programs, such as MadGraph [1], Alpgen [2] or Sherpa [3]. In this paper, we show how such programs can be used to produce distributions of partonic kinematics with associated color structures representing the hard factor in a resummed distribution.more » These distributions can then be used to weight convolutions of jet, soft and beam functions producing a complete resummed calculation. In fact, only around 1000 unweighted events are necessary to produce precise distributions. A number of examples and checks are provided, including e +e – two- and four-jet event shapes, n-jettiness and jet-mass related observables at hadron colliders at next-to-leading-log (NLL) matched to leading order (LO). Furthermore, the attached code can be used to modify MadGraph to export the relevant LO hard functions and color structures for arbitrary processes.« less

  18. Anthropogenic Impacts on Coastal Processes at Guadiaro River Mouth (Cádiz, Spain)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Diez, J. Javier

    2014-05-01

    The mouth of Guadiaro river (Cadiz, south of Spain) opens to the Alboran basin of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Spanish and North African coasts, next to the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Spanish coastal orientation is NNE-SSW, so that the stretch is mainly affected by eastern ("Levantes") wind and wave action. The river sources are in Grazalema Sierra (Cádiz), western Penibetic ridge, and although the Spanish Mediterranean facade is climatically dry and supports a very irregular rainfall regime, rains in that "Sierra" are among the highest and homogeneous in Spain throughout the year, much more than in the rest of the ridge. Maybe that is why the Guadiaro estuary has remained functional until preset years while all other river mouths estuaries were filled to become deltas along the eighteenth century (Diez, 1996). As most of Spanish rivers, the Guadiaro had suffered a major regulatory process and an upstream transfer has been recently implemented from its basin to the Atlantic through Guadalete river basin, therefore the mouth flow is becoming reduced, especially in its peaks. The closure of its mouth, favoured by the reduced flow of the river in a low tide basin sea, has been studied several times in the last decades (Muñoz et al, 2010), mainly because the spit closing it grows in the NNE direction when alongshore transport occurs mainly, and almost permanently, in the opposite direction. This paper is mainly based on most of those documents, whose researches have used numerical models such as SMC and MIKE 21, obtaining relevant results on the refraction but not diffraction. Two successive main structural actions that can have modified coastal processes were introduced in the environment of the mouth: a couple of jetties (1973), one of which was soon removed (1975), and the marina and harbour of Sotogrande (whose breakwater was built in 1986 and extended 1n 1994)). The influence of these elements is not well reflected in the numerical models. In this

  19. Ecological Effects of Rubble Weir Jetty Construction at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina. Volume 2. Changes in Macrobenthic Communities of Sandy Beach and Nearshore ENvironments.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-06-01

    species were not commonly observed, and oligochaetes and nematodes were abundant in the area. Rany of these differences were attributed to normal...1977-78 (Table 3). Subtidally, amphipods and pelecypods were most abundant in 1982, while oligochaetes and nematodes largely dominated the intertidal...generally restricted to that level and the highest intertidal level (Table 10). Nematodes were also abundant in the upper intertidal zone, with greatest

  20. Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

    PubMed Central

    Nasher, Essam; Heng, Lee Yook; Zakaria, Zuriati; Surif, Salmijah

    2013-01-01

    Tourism-related activities such as the heavy use of boats for transportation are a significant source of petroleum hydrocarbons that may harm the ecosystem of Langkawi Island. The contamination and toxicity levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the sediments of Langkawi were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Ten samples were collected from jetties and fish farms around the island in December 2010. A gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used to analyse the 18 PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs was found to range from 869 ± 00 to 1637 ± 20 ng g−1 with a mean concentration of 1167.00 ± 24 ng g−1, lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng g−1). The results indicated that PAHs may not cause acute biological damage. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that the PAHs were likely to originate from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The toxic equivalent concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 76.3 to 177 ng TEQ/g d.w., which is lower compared to similar studies. The results of mean effects range-median quotient of the PAHs were lower than 0.1, which indicate an 11% probability of toxicity effect. Hence, the sampling sites were determined to be the low-priority sites. PMID:24163633

  1. Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Lamont, Margaret M.; Houser, Chris

    2014-01-01

    As coastlines change due to sea level rise and an increasing human presence, understanding how species, such as marine turtles, respond to alterations in habitat is necessary for proper management and conservation. Survey data from a major nesting beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where a revetment was installed, was used to assess spatial distribution of loggerhead emergences. Through use of Quadrat analysis and piecewise linear regression with breakpoint, we present evidence to suggest that nest site selection in loggerheads is determined in the nearshore environment, and by characteristics such as wave height, alongshore currents, depth and patterns of erosion and accretion. Areas of relatively dense nesting were found in areas with relatively strong alongshore currents, relatively small waves, a steep offshore slope and the largest historical rates of erosion. Areas of relatively dense nesting also corresponded to areas of low nesting success. Both nesting and non-nesting emergences were clustered immediately adjacent to the revetment and at other eroding sites along the beach. These results suggest that alterations to the nearshore environment from activities such as construction of a jetty, dredging or installation of pilings, may impact sea turtle nest distribution alongshore. We also show that piecewise linear regression with breakpoint is a technique that can be used with geomorphological and oceanographic data to predict locations of nest clumping and may be useful for managers at other nesting beaches.

  2. Assessing the ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia.

    PubMed

    Nasher, Essam; Heng, Lee Yook; Zakaria, Zuriati; Surif, Salmijah

    2013-01-01

    Tourism-related activities such as the heavy use of boats for transportation are a significant source of petroleum hydrocarbons that may harm the ecosystem of Langkawi Island. The contamination and toxicity levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the sediments of Langkawi were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Ten samples were collected from jetties and fish farms around the island in December 2010. A gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used to analyse the 18 PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs was found to range from 869 ± 00 to 1637 ± 20 ng g⁻¹ with a mean concentration of 1167.00 ± 24 ng g⁻¹, lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng g⁻¹). The results indicated that PAHs may not cause acute biological damage. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that the PAHs were likely to originate from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The toxic equivalent concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 76.3 to 177 ng TEQ/g d.w., which is lower compared to similar studies. The results of mean effects range-median quotient of the PAHs were lower than 0.1, which indicate an 11% probability of toxicity effect. Hence, the sampling sites were determined to be the low-priority sites.

  3. Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Stability of Toe Berm Armor Stone and Toe Buttressing Stone on Rubble-Mound Breakwaters and Jetties. Physical Model Investigation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-09-01

    Rehabilitation of Rubble-Mound Structure Toes. The first objective of this work unit was to gain an iinderstanding of the toe stability problems experi- enced ...6.75-FT WAVE FLUMES 12.0- 11.0 - Be10.0- z 0 8.0 0 n- 7.0- _U Z 0 0 6.0 --- (0cc 5.0- h 0 0 LADo cc 4.0 0 . 0 -3 -P - -2 - - 01.0-0.0- - 0_0 co 2.0

  4. Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Lyons, Donald E.; Roby, D.D.; Collis, K.

    2007-01-01

    We examined spatial and temporal foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants nesting in the Columbia River estuary, to potentially identify circumstances where juvenile salmonids listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act might be more vulnerable to predation by these avian piscivores. Data were collected during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons, using point count surveys of foraging birds at 40 sites along the river's banks, and using aerial strip transect counts throughout the estuary for terns. In 1998, terns selected tidal flats and sites with roosting beaches nearby for foraging, making greater use of the marine/mixing zone of the estuary later in the season, particularly areas near the ocean jetties. In 1999, cormorants selected foraging sites in freshwater along the main channel with pile dikes present, particularly early in the season. Foraging trends in the other year for each species were generally similar to the above but usually not significant. During aerial surveys we observed 50% of foraging and commuting terns within 8 km of the Rice Island colony, and ??? 5% of activity occurred ??? 27 km from this colony in both years. Disproportionately greater cormorant foraging activity at pile dikes may indicate greater vulnerability of salmonids to predation at those features. Colony relocations to sites at sufficient distance from areas of relatively high salmonid abundance may be a straightforward means of reducing impacts of avian predation on salmonids than habitat alterations within the Columbia River estuary, at least for terns. ?? 2007 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.

  5. Phosphorus limitation during a phytoplankton spring bloom in the western Dutch Wadden Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ly, Juliette; Philippart, Catharina J. M.; Kromkamp, Jacco C.

    2014-04-01

    Like many aquatic ecosystems, the western Dutch Wadden Sea has undergone eutrophication. Due to changes in management policy, nutrient loads, especially phosphorus decreased after the mid-80s. It is still under debate, however, whether nutrients or light is limiting phytoplankton production in the western Wadden Sea, as studies using monitoring data delivered sometimes opposite conclusions and outcomes were related to years, seasons and approaches used. Clearly, the monitoring data alone were not sufficient. We therefore examined the limiting factors for the phytoplankton spring bloom using different experimental approaches. During the spring bloom in April 2010, we investigated several nutrient regimes on natural phytoplankton assemblages at a long term monitoring site, the NIOZ-Jetty sampling (Marsdiep, The Netherlands). Four bioassays, lasting 6 days each, were performed in controlled conditions. From changes in phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll-a (Chla), we could conclude that the phytoplankton in general was mainly P-limited during this period, whereas a Si-P-co-limitation was likely for the diatom populations, when present. These results were confirmed by changes in the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), in the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) measured with the fluorescent probe ELF-97, and in the 13C stable isotope incorporation in particulate organic carbon (POC). During our bioassay experiments, we observed a highly dynamic phytoplankton community with regard to species composition and growth rates. The considerable differences in net population growth rates, occurring under more or less similar environmental incubation conditions, suggest that phytoplankton species composition and grazing activity by small grazers were important structuring factors for net growth during this period.

  6. Recovery and disposal of discarded tires in the Taiwan area.

    PubMed

    Hwang, J S; Roam, G D

    1994-12-01

    Urbanization and industrialization has resulted in a vast amount of artificial water containers in Taiwan, especially discarded automobile tires. 3.5 million automobile tires and several million motorcycle tires are discarded annually. The discarded tires contaminate the environment and also become a substantial number of breeding sites for the dengue vector mosquitoes. In order to establish a sound system for the recovery and disposal of discarded tires and to control dengue fever through source reduction, it has been emphasized that users must pay for their waste. It is necessary to recover and properly dispose of these discarded tired. The commercial firms which sell or manufacture tires are therefore advised to cooperate with the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan, R.O.C. and follow the "Regulations of Recovery and Disposal of Discarded Tires". They are requested to establish foundations for the recovery of discarded tires. Those who are willing to join should prepay a deposit or related charge by the size of tire, which is imported or locally manufactured. The foundation utilizes the deposits for the recovery and disposal of discarded tires. From 1991 to 1993 the commercial tire firms had already achieved the 80% recovery rates declared by the authorities concerned. Some of the tires, after having been recovered, were recycled in the original form and the rest were cut into small pieces for recycling after physical treatment. It should be mentioned that the Department of Environmental Protection of Kaohsiung City has collected 80 thousand discarded automobile tires to be used as ocean jetty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  7. Environmental engineering of navigation infrastructure: a survey of existing practices, challenges, and potential opportunities.

    PubMed

    Fredette, Thomas J; Foran, Christy M; Brasfield, Sandra M; Suedel, Burton C

    2012-01-01

    Navigation infrastructure such as channels, jetties, river training structures, and lock-and-dam facilities are primary components of a safe and efficient water transportation system. Planning for such infrastructure has until recently involved efforts to minimize impacts on the environment through a standardized environmental assessment process. More recently, consistent with environmental sustainability concepts, planners have begun to consider how such projects can also be constructed with environmental enhancements. This study examined the existing institutional conditions within the US Army Corps of Engineers and cooperating federal agencies relative to incorporating environmental enhancements into navigation infrastructure projects. The study sought to (1) investigate institutional attitudes towards the environmental enhancement of navigation infrastructure (EENI) concept, (2) identify potential impediments to implementation and solutions to such impediments, (3) identify existing navigation projects designed with the express intent of enhancing environmental benefit in addition to the primary project purpose, (4) identify innovative ideas for increasing environmental benefits for navigation projects, (5) identify needs for additional technical information or research, and (6) identify laws, regulations, and policies that both support and hinder such design features. The principal investigation tool was an Internet-based survey with 53 questions. The survey captured a wide range of perspectives on the EENI concept including ideas, concerns, research needs, and relevant laws and policies. Study recommendations included further promotion of the concept of EENI to planners and designers, documentation of existing projects, initiation of pilot studies on some of the innovative ideas provided through the survey, and development of national goals and interagency agreements to facilitate implementation. Copyright © 2011 SETAC.

  8. The past, present, and future of littoral transport processes along the Illinois coast of Lake Michigan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chrzastowski, M.J.; Trask, C.B.

    1994-04-01

    The 101-km Illinois coast of Lake Michigan incorporates diverse settings, ranging from the most intensely engineered shoreline along the Great lakes to a natural shoreline along a well-developed beach-ridge plain. The estimated rate of littoral transport along the Illinois coast, prior to any coastal engineering, was approximately 80,000 cubic m/year. No obstructions interrupted the continuous net southerly transport to a drift terminus along the Indiana coast. Jetties built in the 1830s to defend the mouth of the Chicago River formed the first barriers to littoral transport, and substantial downdrift erosion resulted. Additional coastal structures that form both total and partialmore » barriers to littoral transport have segmented the original single littoral-transport cell into a series of 6 primary cells (bounded by total barriers) and 18 secondary cells (bounded by partial barriers). As a result, the supply of littoral sediment from the Illinois coast that once nourished the Indiana coast has been eliminated. Future management of sand resources along the Illinois coast should recognize and be compatible with the segmentation of the littoral-transport system into separate cells. Rather than viewing littoral-drift nourishment from the standpoint of the entire coastline, sand volumes within the cells should be conserved. Under this approach, sediment nourishment would be used to maintain sediment volumes within cells at some desired level; updrift backpassing of sand among subcells would recycle most littoral sediment within each cell. Artificial bypassing of the total barriers between cells in an attempt to reestablish the preengineered littoral-transport system is unrealistic.« less

  9. The impact of the 2009-10 El Niño Modoki on U.S. West Coast beaches

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Barnard, Patrick L.; Allan, Jonathan; Hansen, Jeff E.; Kaminsky, George M.; Ruggiero, Peter; Doria, André

    2011-01-01

    High-resolution beach morphology data collected along much of the U.S. West Coast are synthesized to evaluate the coastal impacts of the 2009-10 El Nio. Coastal change observations were collected as part of five beach monitoring programs that span between 5 and 13 years in duration. In California, regional wave and water level data show that the environmental forcing during the 2009-10 winter was similar to the last significant El Nio of 1997-98, producing the largest seasonal shoreline retreat and/or most landward shoreline position since monitoring began. In contrast, the 2009-10 El Nio did not produce anomalously high mean winter-wave energy in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington), although the highest 5% of the winter wave-energy measurements were comparable to 1997-98 and two significant non-El Nio winters. The increase in extreme waves in the 2009-10 winter was coupled with elevated water levels and a more southerly wave approach than the long-term mean, resulting in greater shoreline retreat than during 1997-98, including anomalously high shoreline retreat immediately north of jetties, tidal inlets, and rocky headlands. The morphodynamic response observed throughout the U.S. West Coast during the 2009-10 El Nio is principally linked to the El Nio Modoki phenomena, where the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is focused in the central equatorial Pacific (as opposed to the eastern Pacific during a classic El Nio), featuring a more temporally persistent SST anomaly that results in longer periods of elevated wave energy but lower coastal water levels. ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

  10. Modeling the Response of Human Altered Natural Barrier Island Dynamics Along Assateague Island National Seashore to Climate Change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carroll, A.; McNamara, D.; Schupp, C.

    2009-12-01

    Assateague Island National Seashore comprises a long barrier island located off the coasts of Maryland and Virginia. Geological evidence suggests that over recent centuries Assateague Island has steadily transgressed up the continental shelf in response to rising sea level. More recently, the natural barrier island dynamics governing Assateague’s evolution have been altered by human activity in three ways: the construction of a jetty and the subsequent interruption of alongshore sediment transport on the north end of Assateague and both the ongoing and abandoned maintenance of a continuous dune system along portions of Assateague with the concomitant modification to overwash dynamics. It is unclear how these varied human alterations to the natural barrier island dynamics will influence the response of Assateague to climate change induced shifts in forcing such as increased rates of sea level rise and changing storm patterns. We use LIDAR detected morphological data of Assateague Island as initial conditions in an alongshore extended model for barrier island dynamics including beach erosion, island overwash and inlet cutting during storms, and beach accretion, tidal delta growth and dune and vegetation growth between storms to explore the response of the various human altered segments of Assateague Island to forcing changes. Traditional models exploring barrier island evolution contain only cross-shore dynamics therefore lacking important alongshore-spatial dynamics in aeolian and surf zone sediment transport. Results show that including alongshore dynamics alter the steady state of Assateague relative to simulations that only include cross-shore dynamics. Results will also be presented exploring the potential for regime shifts in steady state behavior under various scenarios for the rate of sea level rise and storm climate and varying management strategies.

  11. Identification of Sungai Batu Sediment using 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Methods for Ancient River Mapping at Kedah, Malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Andika, F.; Saad, R.; Saidin, M. M.; Muztaza, N. M.; Amsir

    2018-04-01

    Sungai Batu is an earliest civilization in Southeast Asia with evidenced by the discovery of riverside jetty, iron smelting, and ritual monuments. The evidences can lead to prediction of buried river caused by geological and sedimentation process. This study was conducted to study sediment deposit characteristic and to map thickness of the sediments using 2-D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction for ancient river mapping. A total of thirty, 2-D resistivity and nine seismic survey lines were conducted at the study area. Four of the lines R1-R4 and S1-S4 were correlated and validated with existing on site boreholes BH1-BH4 to identify sediment type and thickness. The validated values applied to the remaining survey lines which no borehole record to map the subsurface of the study area. Based on the results, Sungai Batu area consist of clay with resistivity value of 6.6-25.9 Ω.m and velocity value of 716.9-1606.9 m/s; sandy clay with resistivity value of 6-265.1 Ω.m and velocity value of 1003.6-1901.4 m/s; while shale was identified with resistivity value of >668.6 Ω.m and velocity value of >2051.7 m/s. Boundary between clay/sandy clay with shale was identified with resistivity value of 314 Ω.m and velocity value of 1822 m/s. The integration of the 2-D resistivity and seismic refraction identified that the thickness of Sungai Batu sediment is 0-150 m and Sungai Batu ancient river was successfully map based on thickness of sediment which is >45 m.

  12. Frontal dynamics at the edge of the Columbia River plume

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akan, Çiğdem; McWilliams, James C.; Moghimi, Saeed; Özkan-Haller, H. Tuba

    2018-02-01

    In the tidal ebb-cycle at the Mouth of the Columbia River, strong density and velocity fronts sometimes form perpendicular to the coast at the edges of the freshwater plume. They are distinct from previously analyzed fronts at the offshore western edge of the plume that evolve as a gravity-wave bore. We present simulation results to demonstrate their occurrence and investigate the mechanisms behind their frontogenesis and evolution. Tidal velocities on average ranged between 1.5 m s-1 in flood and 2.5 m s-1 in ebb during the brief hindcast period. The tidal fronts exhibit strong horizontal velocity and buoyancy gradients on a scale ∼ 100 m in width with normalized relative vorticity (ζz/f) values reaching up to 50. We specifically focus on the front on the northern edge of the plume and examine the evolution in plume characteristics such as its water mass gradients, horizontal and vertical velocity structure, vertical velocity, turbulent vertical mixing, horizontal propagation, cross-front momentum balance, and Lagrangian frontogenetic tendencies in both buoyancy and velocity gradients. Advective frontogenesis leads to a very sharp front where lateral mixing near the grid-resolution limit arrests its further contraction. The negative vorticity within the front is initiated by the positive bottom drag curl on the north side of the Columbia estuary and against the north jetty. Because of the large negative vorticity and horizontal vorticity gradient, centrifugal and lateral shear instability begins to develop along the front, but frontal fragmentation and decay set in only after the turn of the tide because of the briefness of the ebb interval.

  13. Automatic Detection of Decadal Shoreline Change on Northern Coastal of Gresik, East Java - Indonesia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fuad, M. A. Z.; A, M. Fais D.

    2017-12-01

    The Coastal zone is a dynamic region that has high environmental and economic values. This present research focuses on the analyzing the rate of shoreline change using multi-temporal Landsat Imagery and Digital Shoreline Analysis Systems (DSAS) along the northern part of Gresik coastal area, East Java Indonesia. Five village were selected for analysis; Campurejo, Dalegan, Prupuh, Ngemboh, and Banyuurip. Erosion and Accretion were observed and detected on Multi-temporal satellite Images along the area of interest from 1972 - 2016. Landsat Images were radiometrically and geometrically corrected before using for analysis. Coastline delineation for each Landsat image was performed by MNDWI method before digitized for quantitative shoreline change analysis. DSAS was performed for quantitative analysis of Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR). The results indicate that in the study area accretion and abrasion was occurred, but overall abrasion was dominated than accretion. The remarkable shoreline changes were observed in the entire region. The highest abrasion area was occurred in Ngemboh village. From 1972 to 2016, coastline was retreat 242.56 meter to the land and the rate of movement was -5.54m/yr. In contrast, Campurejo area was relatively stable due to the introduction of manmade structure, i.e. Jetty and Groin. The Shoreline movement and the rate of movement in this area were -6.11m and -0.12 m/yr respectively. The research represents an important step in understanding the dynamics of coastal area in this area. By identification and analysis of coastline evolution, the stake holder could perform a scenario for reducing the risk of coastal erosion and minimize the social and economic lost.

  14. Historical shoreline changes along the US Gulf of Mexico: A summary of recent shoreline comparisons and analyses

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Morton, R.A.; Miller, T.; Moore, L.

    2005-01-01

    The US Geological Survey is systematically analyzing historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the United States. This National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project is developing standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that internally consistent updates can periodically be made to record coastal erosion and land loss along US shores. Recently, shoreline change maps and a report were published for states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Long-term and short-term average rates of change were calculated by comparing three historical shorelines (1800s, 1930s, 1970s) with an operational mean high water shoreline derived from lidar (light detection and ranging) surveys (post-1998). The rates of change, statistical uncertainties, original shorelines, and complementary geographic information system layers, such as areas of beach nourishment, are available on an Internet Map Server (IMS). For the Gulf of Mexico region, rates of erosion are generally highest in Louisiana along barrier island and headland shores associated with the Mississippi delta. Erosion also is rapid along some barrier islands and headlands in Texas, whereas barrier islands in Mississippi are migrating laterally. Highest rates of erosion in Florida are generally localized around tidal inlets. The most stable Gulf beaches generally are along the west coast of Florida, where low wave energy and frequent beach nourishment minimize erosion. Some long beach segments in Texas have accreted as a result of net longshore drift convergence and around tidal inlets that have been stabilized by long jetties. Individuals and some communities have attempted to mitigate the effects of erosion by emplacement of coastal structures, but those efforts largely have been abandoned in favor of periodic beach nourishment.

  15. Electroweak Boson Production in Association with Jets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Focke, Christfried Hermann

    The high energies involved in modern collider experiments lead to hadronic final states that are often boosted inside collimated jets and surrounded by soft radiation. Together with tracking and energy information from leptons and photons, these jets contain essential information about a collision event. A good theoretical understanding is vital for measurements within the Standard Model (SM) as well as for background modeling required for new physics searches. Often one is interested in hadronic final states with cuts on jets in order to reduce backgrounds. For example, by imposing a central jet veto pcut in H → WW → lnulnu one can greatly reduce contamination from tt¯ → WW bb¯. Imposing such a jet veto comes at the cost of introducing potentially large logarithms L = ln pcut/Q into the cross section (Q is the hard scale), since the cuts restrict the cancellation of soft and collinear divergences between real and virtual diagrams. There are at most two powers of L for each power of the strong coupling constant alphas and this can spoil the convergence of the perturbative series when alpha sL2 ˜ 1 . We resume these logarithmically enhanced terms to all orders within the framework of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) in order to recover the convergence and obtain reliable predictions for several processes. Another focus of this dissertation is the application of SCET in fixed order predictions of electroweak boson production in association with an exclusive number of final state jets. We employ the N-jettiness event-shape TN to resolve the infrared singularity structure of QCD in the presence of N signal jets. This allows us to obtain the first complete next-to-next-to leading order predictions for W, Z and Higgs boson production in association with one jet.

  16. The impact of the 2009-10 El Niño Modoki on U.S. West Coast beaches

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Barnard, Patrick L.; Allan, Jonathan; Hansen, Jeff E.; Kaminsky, George M.; Ruggiero, Peter; Doria, André

    2011-01-01

    High-resolution beach morphology data collected along much of the U.S. West Coast are synthesized to evaluate the coastal impacts of the 2009–10 El Niño. Coastal change observations were collected as part of five beach monitoring programs that span between 5 and 13 years in duration. In California, regional wave and water level data show that the environmental forcing during the 2009–10 winter was similar to the last significant El Niño of 1997–98, producing the largest seasonal shoreline retreat and/or most landward shoreline position since monitoring began. In contrast, the 2009–10 El Niño did not produce anomalously high mean winter-wave energy in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington), although the highest 5% of the winter wave-energy measurements were comparable to 1997–98 and two significant non-El Niño winters. The increase in extreme waves in the 2009–10 winter was coupled with elevated water levels and a more southerly wave approach than the long-term mean, resulting in greater shoreline retreat than during 1997–98, including anomalously high shoreline retreat immediately north of jetties, tidal inlets, and rocky headlands. The morphodynamic response observed throughout the U.S. West Coast during the 2009–10 El Niño is principally linked to the El Niño Modoki phenomena, where the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is focused in the central equatorial Pacific (as opposed to the eastern Pacific during a classic El Niño), featuring a more temporally persistent SST anomaly that results in longer periods of elevated wave energy but lower coastal water levels.

  17. Prey Distribution, Physical Habitat Features, and Guild Traits Interact to Produce Contrasting Shorebird Assemblages among Foraging Patches

    PubMed Central

    VanDusen, Beth M.; Fegley, Stephen R.; Peterson, Charles H.

    2012-01-01

    from human intervention by inlet sand mining, construction of groins and jetties that divert sediments from flats, and installation of seawalls on inlet shorelines that induce erosion of flats. PMID:23285153

  18. An Outflow Event on the Left Side of Harvey: Erosion of Barrier Sand and Seaward Transport Through Aransas Pass

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Goff, J.; Swartz, J. M.; Gulick, S. P. S.

    2017-12-01

    Barrier islands provide critical support and protection for coastal communities and ecosystems, but are potentially vulnerable to net losses of sand during major storms. Evidence from satellite imagery, ground observations and tide stations indicates that Hurricane Harvey in 2017 caused a large outflow event of waters moving from the bays out towards the sea in the Port Aransas, Texas region. Rather than just an ebb of a storm surge, this event may have been driven by seaward-directed winds on the left side of storm. Less than a month after landfall, we conducted a swath mapping and sampling survey in Lydia Ann Channel and Aransas Pass, where we had earlier mapped in 2009 and 2012 as part of the UT marine geology and geophysical field course. These waterways are important conduits linking Corpus Christi and Aransas bays to the Gulf of Mexico. This multi-year record allows us to gauge the impact of the outflow event on these waterways in the context of "normal" coastal processes. Both satellite imagery and sonar mapping reveal that the outflow event caused significant erosion, both on land and beneath the water, along the edges of Lydia Ann Channel and Corpus Christi ship channel. It also caused seaward-directed flow and erosion through breaches in the foredunes along southern San Jose Island, from waters that overtopped Lydia Ann Channel. Much of the sand that was transported seaward settled in Lydia Ann Channel and Aransas Pass (up to 6.5 m accumulation), possibly during the waning stages of the event. However, a likely large (but unknown) quantity of barrier and estuarine sand could have been transported well out to sea, beyond the jetties, at the peak of the event. If so, it would have resulted in a net loss of sand from the barrier island system.

  19. Effects of a groyne field on inner bar dynamics: Anglet, France

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Santiago, Inaki; Morichon, Denis; Arnould, Philippe

    2017-04-01

    Groynes are usually designed to limit beach erosion by mitigating longshore sediment transport. However, little is known about their side effects on inner-bar morphodynamics in double sandbar systems. While most of the studies are focused on natural systems where the outer-bar morphology drives inner-bar dynamics (offshore to nearshore process), this work focuses on the role of groynes on the inner bar dynamics (nearshore to offshore process). The study is based on 3-years field observations carried out at the beach of Anglet in the south-west of France. This engineered beach is 4 km long, limited by a rocky headland in the south and a 1 km long jetty at the entrance of the Adour river in the North. The study area concerns the south part of the beach and includes a series of four groynes, unevenly spaced and extending about 100 m seaward. Morphology changes observations were derived from images collected with a video system (http://sirena.univ-pau.fr/), and bi-annual topo-Bathymetric surveys. A special attention was paid to study the mechanisms controlling the observed morphology changes using the XBeach numerical model. Data analysis reveals that the study site is dominated by a double sandbar system. Both bars can evolve from reasonably alongshore-uniform to crescentic bars. Surprisingly, the beach may show episodes where the inner bar evolves from alonghsore uniform to non-uniform despite an alongshore uniform outer bar. Numerical results corroborate that the formation of inner bar crescentic features can be formed without the presence of an outer non-uniform bar under certain wave conditions for the study site. This study shows that inner bar evolution in the presence of groynes can be controlled by topographic rip channels and not only by morphological coupling as usually observed on natural double sandbar systems.

  20. Anthropogenic disturbance can determine the magnitude of opportunistic species responses on marine urban infrastructures.

    PubMed

    Airoldi, Laura; Bulleri, Fabio

    2011-01-01

    Coastal landscapes are being transformed as a consequence of the increasing demand for infrastructures to sustain residential, commercial and tourist activities. Thus, intertidal and shallow marine habitats are largely being replaced by a variety of artificial substrata (e.g. breakwaters, seawalls, jetties). Understanding the ecological functioning of these artificial habitats is key to planning their design and management, in order to minimise their impacts and to improve their potential to contribute to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to assess the role of human disturbances in shaping the structure of assemblages on marine artificial infrastructures. We tested the hypothesis that some negative impacts associated with the expansion of opportunistic and invasive species on urban infrastructures can be related to the severe human disturbances that are typical of these environments, such as those from maintenance and renovation works. Maintenance caused a marked decrease in the cover of dominant space occupiers, such as mussels and oysters, and a significant enhancement of opportunistic and invasive forms, such as biofilm and macroalgae. These effects were particularly pronounced on sheltered substrata compared to exposed substrata. Experimental application of the disturbance in winter reduced the magnitude of the impacts compared to application in spring or summer. We use these results to identify possible management strategies to inform the improvement of the ecological value of artificial marine infrastructures. We demonstrate that some of the impacts of globally expanding marine urban infrastructures, such as those related to the spread of opportunistic, and invasive species could be mitigated through ecologically-driven planning and management of long-term maintenance of these structures. Impact mitigation is a possible outcome of policies that consider the ecological features of built infrastructures and

  1. Statistical and Conceptual Model Testing Geomorphic Principles through Quantification in the Middle Rio Grande River, NM.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Posner, A. J.

    2017-12-01

    The Middle Rio Grande River (MRG) traverses New Mexico from Cochiti to Elephant Butte reservoirs. Since the 1100s, cultivating and inhabiting the valley of this alluvial river has required various river training works. The mid-20th century saw a concerted effort to tame the river through channelization, Jetty Jacks, and dam construction. A challenge for river managers is to better understand the interactions between a river training works, dam construction, and the geomorphic adjustments of a desert river driven by spring snowmelt and summer thunderstorms carrying water and large sediment inputs from upstream and ephemeral tributaries. Due to its importance to the region, a vast wealth of data exists for conditions along the MRG. The investigation presented herein builds upon previous efforts by combining hydraulic model results, digitized planforms, and stream gage records in various statistical and conceptual models in order to test our understanding of this complex system. Spatially continuous variables were clipped by a set of river cross section data that is collected at decadal intervals since the early 1960s, creating a spatially homogenous database upon which various statistical testing was implemented. Conceptual models relate forcing variables and response variables to estimate river planform changes. The developed database, represents a unique opportunity to quantify and test geomorphic conceptual models in the unique characteristics of the MRG. The results of this investigation provides a spatially distributed characterization of planform variable changes, permitting managers to predict planform at a much higher resolution than previously available, and a better understanding of the relationship between flow regime and planform changes such as changes to longitudinal slope, sinuosity, and width. Lastly, data analysis and model interpretation led to the development of a new conceptual model for the impact of ephemeral tributaries in alluvial rivers.

  2. Degree of anisotropy as an automated indicator of rip channels in high resolution bathymetric models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Trimble, S. M.; Houser, C.; Bishop, M. P.

    2017-12-01

    A rip current is a concentrated seaward flow of water that forms in the surf zone of a beach as a result of alongshore variations in wave breaking. Rips can carry swimmers swiftly into deep water, and they are responsible for hundreds of fatal drownings and thousands of rescues worldwide each year. These currents form regularly alongside hard structures like piers and jetties, and can also form along sandy coasts when there is a three dimensional bar morphology. This latter rip type tends to be variable in strength and location, making them arguably the most dangerous to swimmers and most difficult to identify. These currents form in characteristic rip channels in surf zone bathymetry, in which the primary axis of self-similarity is oriented shore-normal. This paper demonstrates a new method for automating identification of such rip channels in bathymetric digital surface models (DSMs) using bathymetric data collected by various remote sensing methods. Degree of anisotropy is used to detect rip channels and distinguishes between sandbars, rip channels, and other beach features. This has implications for coastal geomorphology theory and safety practices. As technological advances increase access and accuracy of topobathy mapping methods in the surf zone, frequent nearshore bathymetric DSMs could be more easily captured and processed, then analyzed with this method to result in localized, automated, and frequent detection of rip channels. This could ultimately reduce rip-related fatalities worldwide (i) in present mitigation, by identifying the present location of rip channels, (ii) in forecasting, by tracking the channel's evolution through multiple DSMs, and (iii) in rip education by improving local lifeguard knowledge of the rip hazard. Although this paper on applies analysis of degree of anisotropy to the identification of rip channels, this parameter can be applied to multiple facets of barrier island morphological analysis.

  3. Epidemiology of Sleeping Sickness in Boffa (Guinea): Where Are the Trypanosomes?

    PubMed Central

    Kagbadouno, Moise Saa; Camara, Mamadou; Rouamba, Jeremi; Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste; Traoré, Ibrahima Sory; Camara, Oumou; Onikoyamou, Mory Fassou; Courtin, Fabrice; Ravel, Sophie; de Meeûs, Thierry; Bucheton, Bruno; Jamonneau, Vincent; Solano, Philippe

    2012-01-01

    Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in West Africa is a lethal, neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by the tsetse Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Although the littoral part of Guinea with its typical mangrove habitat is the most prevalent area in West Africa, very few data are available on the epidemiology of the disease in such biotopes. As part of a HAT elimination project in Guinea, we carried a cross-sectional study of the distribution and abundance of people, livestock, tsetse and trypanosomes in the focus of Boffa. An exhaustive census of the human population was done, together with spatial mapping of the area. Entomological data were collected, a human medical survey was organized together with a survey in domestic animals. In total, 45 HAT cases were detected out of 14445 people who attended the survey, these latter representing 50.9% of the total population. Potential additional carriers of T. b. gambiense were also identified by the trypanolysis test (14 human subjects and two domestic animals). No trypanosome pathogenic to animals were found, neither in the 874 tsetse dissected nor in the 300 domestic animals sampled. High densities of tsetse were found in places frequented by humans, such as pirogue jetties, narrow mangrove channels and watering points. The prevalence of T. b. gambiense in humans, combined to low attendance of the population at risk to medical surveys, and to an additional proportion of human and animal carriers of T. b. gambiense who are not treated, highlights the limits of strategies targeting HAT patients only. In order to stop T. b. gambiense transmission, vector control should be added to the current strategy of case detection and treatment. Such an integrated strategy will combine medical surveillance to find and treat cases, and vector control activities to protect people from the infective bites of tsetse. PMID:23272259

  4. Mercury and methylmercury contents in mine-waste calcine, water, and sediment collected from the Palawan Quicksilver mine, Philippines

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gray, J.E.; Greaves, I.A.; Bustos, D.M.; Krabbenhoft, D.P.

    2003-01-01

    The Palawan Quicksilver mine, Philippines, produced about 2,900 t of mercury during mining of cinnabar ore from 1953 to 1976. More than 2,000,000 t of mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining, much of which were used to construct a jetty in nearby Honda Bay. Since 1995, high Hg contents have been found in several people living near the mine, and 21 of these people were treated for mercury poisoning. Samples of mine-waste calcine contain high total Hg concentrations ranging from 43-660 ??g/g, whereas total Hg concentrations in sediment samples collected from a mine pit lake and local stream vary from 3.7-400 ??g/g. Mine water flowing through the calcines is acidic, pH 3.1-4.3, and total Hg concentrations ranging from 18-31 ??g/l in this water significantly exceed the 1.0-??g/l drinking water standard for Hg recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Total Hg contents are generally lower in water samples collected from surrounding domestic wells, the mine pit lake, Honda Bay, and the nearby stream, varying from 0.008-1.4 ??g/l. Methylmercury concentrations in water draining mine calcines range from <0.02-1.4 ng/l, but methylmercury is highest in the pit lake water, ranging from 1.7-3.1 ng/l. Mercury methylation at the Palawan mine is similar to or higher than that found in other mercury mines worldwide. Much of the methylmercury generated in Palawan mine-waste calcines and those in Honda Bay is transferred to water, and then to marine fish and seafood. A food source pathway of Hg to humans is most likely in this coastal, high fish-consuming population.

  5. Anthropogenic Disturbance Can Determine the Magnitude of Opportunistic Species Responses on Marine Urban Infrastructures

    PubMed Central

    Airoldi, Laura; Bulleri, Fabio

    2011-01-01

    Background Coastal landscapes are being transformed as a consequence of the increasing demand for infrastructures to sustain residential, commercial and tourist activities. Thus, intertidal and shallow marine habitats are largely being replaced by a variety of artificial substrata (e.g. breakwaters, seawalls, jetties). Understanding the ecological functioning of these artificial habitats is key to planning their design and management, in order to minimise their impacts and to improve their potential to contribute to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to assess the role of human disturbances in shaping the structure of assemblages on marine artificial infrastructures. We tested the hypothesis that some negative impacts associated with the expansion of opportunistic and invasive species on urban infrastructures can be related to the severe human disturbances that are typical of these environments, such as those from maintenance and renovation works. Methodology/Principal Findings Maintenance caused a marked decrease in the cover of dominant space occupiers, such as mussels and oysters, and a significant enhancement of opportunistic and invasive forms, such as biofilm and macroalgae. These effects were particularly pronounced on sheltered substrata compared to exposed substrata. Experimental application of the disturbance in winter reduced the magnitude of the impacts compared to application in spring or summer. We use these results to identify possible management strategies to inform the improvement of the ecological value of artificial marine infrastructures. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate that some of the impacts of globally expanding marine urban infrastructures, such as those related to the spread of opportunistic, and invasive species could be mitigated through ecologically-driven planning and management of long-term maintenance of these structures. Impact mitigation is a possible outcome of policies

  6. Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Albert, C.D.; Guy, H.P.

    1955-01-01

    This report contains results of sediment-transport investigations on the Platte River near Overton,. Nebr. from January 1950 to September 1953. The basic data of suspended-sediment studies, results of bed-material analyses, and determinations of water-surface slopes from staff readings are given. The data indicate that a reliable determination of suspended sediment, hence total load, is difficult. Because of the nature of the river at the station and the limited scope of the investigations, the suspended-sediment data may not be representative. The Platte River is characterized by a wide braided channel, a small hydraulic radius, low banks, and a wide flood plain. (See figs. 1 and 2.,) The river bed is composed of coarse to fine sands. Near Overton, natural flow of the river is controlled or modified by diversions, storage reservoirs, power development, return flow from irrigation, and withdrawals of ground water. A temporary jetty was extended into the river below the bridge during the summer of 1952 as part of commercial sand pumping operations. Beavers carry on active construction in the narrows and shallows, particularly upstream from the sampling section. Daily fluctuations in water discharge at the gaging station at the bridge are caused by regulation of the flow, mainly from the generation of power by release of water from a reservoir The water discharge at the station begins increasing about 9:30 a.m., reaches a crest about 2:00 p.m and then immediately recede. Weekly water-discharge measurements of alternate high and low stages indicate a daily variation from 200 to more than 1,000 cfs. During spring summer, and fall increases in water dis charge are also caused by thunderstorm activity in the area.

  7. Sedimentation problems in a lateral dock on the Paraná River

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Latessa, Gaston; Sabarots Gerbec, Martin; Arecco, Pablo

    2017-04-01

    The Paraná River is one of the largest water courses in the world and along its reach in the Argentine territory, it receives a large load of sediments from the Pilcomayo and Bermejo Rivers, through the Paraguay River, in the upper basin at the North of Argentina and South of Bolivia. The suspended sediment load is estimated in 100 Million ton/year. This unique characteristic drives the Paraná River morphology downstream, as well as the Paraná delta morphodynamics. On top of its natural behaviour, the Paraná-Paraguay river system is an important inland waterway transport corridor, with a significant amount of sea going vessels and inland barges navigating throughout stretches of more than 3000 Km. Consequently, there are numerous port complexes and terminals along the river banks. The typical wet infrastructure of these terminals is usually composed by jetties and quay walls, and occasionally with side or lateral docks. Whereas, the case included within this study presents all these components. This study presents a hydrodynamic and sedimentology 3D model to predict the velocity fields and the associated shear stresses that will drive morphological processes in the lateral dock. The terminal layout, side dock configuration, and sedimentation issues will be analyzed from multidisciplinary point of view, under different hydrological events and considering the correlated sediment loads. Recent bathymetry studies had been carried out and this set of data will be implemented to build the domain geometry. The flow series is as well extended with the up to date gauged flows and levels, to carry out statistical analysis and identify the design flows for different probabilities. The main objective of this analysis will be to understand and identify the scour and deposition processes and the possible problems to the structures safety and the operation of the docks, and introduce variations to the baseline design, if necessary. Results will be contrasted and validated

  8. The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Davenport, John; Davenport, Julia L.

    2006-03-01

    Coastal tourism started in the 19th Century and has increased in non-linear fashion ever since, stimulated by a combination of developments in transport technology and rising prosperity. Initially, mainly national in character, the introduction of roll-on, roll-off ferries and inexpensive air transport caused an exponential 28-fold rise in international tourism between 1950 and the start of the 21st Century. This review considers the impact of tourism at two levels: (1) that created by the sheer numbers of tourists and their demands ('mass tourism and transport') and (2) that resulting from individual, often novel, forms of transport ('personal leisure transport'). Under (1), the consequences of the construction of coastal resorts and roads, marinas and jetties for habitat fragmentation and reduced biodiversity are described. Next, the effects of large cruise ships (now some 250 in number) are considered, particularly in relation to unregulated pollution and the delivery of substantial numbers of tourists to remote destinations. Thirdly, the literature related to disturbance caused by intertidal trampling by tourists on rocky/sandy shores is reviewed, followed by a section devoted to the unappreciated effects of beach 'cleaning' (i.e. removal of natural strandlines as well as litter) that is practiced throughout the world's sandy beach resorts. Finally, the potentially positive area of coastal ecotourism is considered, but evidence is assembled to highlight the problems associated with too high a demand. Under (2), the impact of a range of personal leisure transport modes is considered. These range from relatively innocuous pursuits (e.g. swimming, surfing, sailboarding and dinghy sailing), to an extremely popular sport (SCUBA diving) that is marketed for its environmentally-friendly nature, yet causes measurable deterioration in the world's coral ecosystems despite good management practices. The impact of motorboats is considered, particularly in the context of

  9. Detecting wetland changes in Shanghai, China using FORMOSAT and Landsat TM imagery

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tian, Bo; Zhou, Yun-xuan; Thom, Ronald M.

    Understanding the state of wetland ecosystems and their changes at the national and local levels is critical for wetland conservation, management, decision-making, and policy development practices. This study analyzed the wetlands in Shanghai, a province-level city, using remote sensing, image processing, and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques based on the Chinese national wetland inventory procedure and standards. FORMOSAT imagery acquired in 2012 and Navy nautical charts of the Yangtze estuarine area were used in conjunction with object-oriented segmentation, expert interpretation, and field validation to determine wetland status. Landsat imagery from 1985, 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2013 as well as social-economicmore » data collected from 1985 to 2013 were used to further assess wetland changes. In 2013, Shanghai contained 376,970.6 ha of wetlands, and 78.8% of all wetlands were in marine or estuarine systems. Estuarine waters comprised the single largest wetland category. Between the first national wetland inventory in 2003 and the second national wetland inventory in 2013, Shanghai lost 50,519.13 ha of wetlands, amounting to a mean annual loss rate of 1.2% or an 11.8% loss over the decade. Declines were proportionately higher in marine and estuarine wetlands, with an annual loss of 1.8%, while there was a sharp increase of 1882.6% in constructed water storage areas for human uses. Diking, filling, impoundment and reclamation, which are all attributable to the economic development and urbanization associated with population increases, were the major factors that explained the gain and loss of wetlands. Additional factors affecting wetland losses and gains include sediment trapping by the hydropower system, which reduces supply to the estuary and erodes wetlands, and sediment trapping by the jetties, spur dikes, and diversion bulwark associated with a navigation channel deepening project, which has the converse effect, increasing saltmarsh wetland area

  10. Can barrier islands survive sea level rise? Tidal inlets versus storm overwash

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nienhuis, J.; Lorenzo-Trueba, J.

    2017-12-01

    Barrier island response to sea level rise depends on their ability to transgress and move sediment to the back barrier, either through flood-tidal delta deposition or via storm overwash. Our understanding of these processes over decadal to centennial timescales, however, is limited and poorly constrained. We have developed a new barrier inlet environment (BRIE) model to better understand the interplay between tidal dynamics, overwash fluxes, and sea-level rise on barrier evolution. The BRIE model combines existing overwash and shoreface formulations [Lorenzo-Trueba and Ashton, 2014] with alongshore sediment transport, inlet stability [Escoffier, 1940], inlet migration and flood-tidal delta deposition [Nienhuis and Ashton, 2016]. Within BRIE, inlets can open, close, migrate, merge with other inlets, and build flood-tidal delta deposits. The model accounts for feedbacks between overwash and inlets through their mutual dependence on barrier geometry. Model results suggest that when flood-tidal delta deposition is sufficiently large, barriers require less storm overwash to transgress and aggrade during sea level rise. In particular in micro-tidal environments with asymmetric wave climates and high alongshore sediment transport, tidal inlets are effective in depositing flood-tidal deltas and constitute the majority of the transgressive sediment flux. Additionally, we show that artificial inlet stabilization (via jetty construction or maintenance dredging) can make barrier islands more vulnerable to sea level rise. Escoffier, F. F. (1940), The Stability of Tidal Inlets, Shore and Beach, 8(4), 114-115. Lorenzo-Trueba, J., and A. D. Ashton (2014), Rollover, drowning, and discontinuous retreat: Distinct modes of barrier response to sea-level rise arising from a simple morphodynamic model, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 119(4), 779-801, doi:10.1002/2013JF002941. Nienhuis, J. H., and A. D. Ashton (2016), Mechanics and rates of tidal inlet migration: Modeling and application to

  11. Centennial-scale human alterations, unintended natural-system responses, and event-driven mitigation within a coupled fluvial-coastal system: Lessons for collective management and long-term coastal change planning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hein, C. J.; Hoagland, P.; Huang, J. C.; Canuel, E. A.; Fitzsimons, G.; Rosen, P.; Shi, W.; Fallon, A. R.; Shawler, J. L.

    2017-12-01

    On decadal to millennial timescales, human modifications of linked riparian and coastal landscapes have altered the natural transport of sediments to the coast, causing time-varying sediment fluxes to estuaries, wetlands, and beaches. This study explored the role of historical changes in land use and river/coastal engineering on patterns of coastal erosion in the coupled system comprising the Merrimack River and the Plum Island barrier beach (northern Massachusetts, USA). Recreational values of the beach, attendant impacts on the local housing market, human perceptions of future beach utilization, and collective management options were investigated. Key historical changes included the installation of dams to benefit industry and control flooding in the early 19th century; river-mouth jetties to maintain navigation and allow for the residential development of a more stable barrier in the early 20th century; and the progressive hardening of the shoreline in response to multi-decadal cyclical erosion and house losses throughout the latter 20th and 21st centuries. The tools of sedimentology, shoreline-change analysis, historic documentation, population surveys, and economic modeling were used to examine these changes and the dynamic linked responses of the natural system and human populations. We found cascading effects of human alterations to the river that changed sediment fluxes to the coastal zone, driving a need for mitigation over centennial timescales. More recently, multidecadal erosion-accretion cycles of the beach have had little impact on the housing market, which is instead more responsive to public shoreline stabilization efforts in response to short-term (< 5 years) erosion threats. General perceptions about the need to plan for long-term coastal changes are associated with sea-level rise and enhanced storminess, but real-time mitigation, such as shoreline hardening, has been reactive, lacking a collective consensus for best management and a longer

  12. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2006–November 30, 2007

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2011-01-01

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 54th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2007 River Master report year—the period from December 1, 2006, to November 30, 2007. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 46.72 inches (in.) or 107 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was high on December 1, 2006. Reservoir storage remained high throughout the winter, declined seasonally during the summer, and began to recover in mid-October. Delaware River operations throughout the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 123 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature

  13. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2010-01-01

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 53rd Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2006 River Master report year-the period from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2006. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 55.03 inches (in.) or 126 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was above the long-term median level on December 1, 2005. Reservoir storage remained above long–term median levels throughout the report year. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 27 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance

  14. Coastal flooding hazard assessment on potentially vulnerable coastal sectors at Varna regional coast

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eftimova, Petya; Valchev, Nikolay; Andreeva, Nataliya

    2017-04-01

    Storm induced flooding is one of the most significant threats that the coastal communities face. In the light of the climate change it is expected to gain even more importance. Therefore, the adequate assessment of this hazard could increase the capability of mitigation of environmental, social, and economic impacts. The study was accomplished in the frames of the Coastal Risk Assessment Framework (CRAF) developed within the FP7 RISC-KIT Project (Resilience-Increasing Strategies for Coasts - toolkit). The hazard assessment was applied on three potentially vulnerable coastal sectors located at the regional coast of Varna, Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The potential "hotspot" candidates were selected during the initial phase of CRAF which evaluated the coastal risks at regional level. The area of interest comprises different coastal types - from natural beaches and rocky cliffs to man modified environments presented by coastal and port defense structures such as the Varna Port breakwater, groynes, jetties and beaches formed by the presence of coastal structures. The assessment of coastal flooding was done using combination of models -XBeach model and LISFLOOD inundation model applied consecutively. The XBeach model was employed to calculate the hazard intensities at the coast up to the berm crest, while LISFLOOD model was used to calculate the intensity and extent of flooding in the hinterland. At the first stage, 75 extreme storm events were simulated using XBeach model run in "non-hydrostatic" mode to obtain series of flood depth, depth-velocity and overtopping discharges at the predefined coastal cross-shore transects. Extreme value analysis was applied to the calculated hazard parameters series in order to determine their probability distribution functions. This is so called response approach, which is focused on the onshore impact rather than on the deep water boundary conditions. It allows calculation of the hazard extremes probability distribution induced by a

  15. Hydrodynamics Offshore of the North Beach of Indian River Inlet, DE

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    DiCosmo, N. R.; Puleo, J. A.

    2014-12-01

    The Indian River Inlet (IRI) on the east coast of Delaware, USA connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian River and Rehoboth Bays. Long-term and large-scale net alongshore sediment transport along this portion of coastline is from south to north. The north beach of IRI suffers from severe erosion due to interruption of the alongshore transport and current variability near the inlet. The magnitude of such erosion has increased over the past decade and questions have arisen as to the cause. The goal of this study is to quantify currents and wave patterns and estimate sediment transport rates at the north beach and near the inlet in an effort to determine the causes of persistent erosion. Data were obtained from October 2013 to March 2014 in the form of 3 separate 28-day deployments. Each deployment consisted of 4 proposed deployment sites. Data at each site were collected using a bottom mounted Nortek Aquadopp Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and 2 Campbell Scientific Optical Backscatter Sensors (OBS). Currents and OBS data were sampled every 120 s. Waves were sampled for approximately 17 minutes at the beginning of every hour. Data analysis from the deployments indicates the presence of several interesting trends in currents that can be linked to the persistent erosion. Current data are filtered to quantify typical current speed and direction for a tidal cycle (peak flood to peak flood) at each deployment site. The typical currents off of the north beach and up to 800 m north of the north jetty are mostly directed southward over the entire tidal cycle. This consistent southward flow implies: 1) there is no flow reversal based on tide, contrary to what might be expected at an inlet adjacent beach, 2) the typical current direction is opposite of the expectations for the known long-term large-scale net alongshore transport and 3) the consistency of this atypical current may be responsible for transporting sediment southward and away from the north beach

  16. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the Period December 1, 2003-November 30, 2004

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2009-01-01

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered in 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 51st Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2004 River Master report year; that is, the period from December 1, 2003, to November 30, 2004. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 9.03 in. (121 percent) greater than the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was at a record high level on December 1, 2003. Reservoir storage remained high throughout the year with at least one reservoir spilling every month of the year. Delaware River operations throughout the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 30 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates - or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs - on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature

  17. Aspects of fish conservation in the upper Patos Lagoon basin.

    PubMed

    Fontoura, N F; Vieira, J P; Becker, F G; Rodrigues, L R; Malabarba, L R; Schulz, U H; Möller, O O; Garcia, A M; Vilella, F S

    2016-07-01

    The Patos Lagoon basin is a large (201 626 km(2) ) and complex drainage system in southern Brazil. The lagoon is 250 km long and 60 km wide, covering an area of 10 360 km(2) . The exchange of water with the Atlantic Ocean occurs through a 0·8 km wide and 15 m deep inlet, fixed by 4 km long jetties, at the southernmost part of the Patos Lagoon. The estuarine area is restricted to its southern portion (10%), although the upper limit of saline waters migrates seasonally and year to year, influenced by the wind regime and river discharge. The known number of recorded limnetic fish species is 200, but this number is expected to increase. A higher endemism is observed in fish species occurring in upper tributaries. The basin suffers from the direct impact of almost 7 million inhabitants, concentrated in small to large cities, most with untreated domestic effluents. There are at least 16 non-native species recorded in natural habitats of the Patos Lagoon basin, about half of these being from other South American river basins. Concerning the fishery, although sport and commercial fisheries are widespread throughout the Patos Lagoon basin, the lagoon itself and the estuarine area are the main fishing areas. Landing statistics are not available on a regular basis or for the whole basin. The fishery in the northern Patos Lagoon captures 31 different species, nine of which are responsible for most of the commercial catches, but only three species are actually sustaining the artisanal fishery: the viola Loricariichthys anus: 455 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day, the mullet Mugil liza: 123 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day and the marine catfish Genidens barbus: 50 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day. A decline of the fish stocks can be attributed to inadequate fishery surveillance, which leads to overfishing and mortality of juveniles, or to decreasing water quality because of urban and industrial activities and power production. Global climatic changes also represent a

  18. Going with the flow: Tidal influence on the occurrence of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Marsdiep area, The Netherlands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    IJsseldijk, Lonneke L.; Camphuysen, Kees C. J.; Nauw, Janine J.; Aarts, Geert

    2015-09-01

    One of the most important factors explaining the distribution and behaviour of coastal marine mammals are tides. Tidal forces drive a large number of primary and secondary processes, such as changes in water depth, salinity, temperature, current velocity and direction. Unravelling which tidal process is the most influential for a certain species is often challenging, due to a lack of observations of all tide related covariates, strong correlation between them, and the elusive nature of most marine organisms which often hampers their detection. In the Marsdiep area, a tidal inlet between the North Sea and the Dutch Wadden Sea, the presence of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) was studied as a function of tide related covariates. Observations were carried out in early spring from a ferry crossing the inlet on a half hourly basis. Environmental and sightings data were collected by one observer, while an on-board Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and temperature sensor continuously recorded current velocity profiles and temperature, respectively. Sea surface temperature and salinity were measured at a nearby jetty. Sightings (n = 134) were linked to tidal elevation, geographical position, local depth-averaged current velocity, water temperature (with and without trend correction) and salinity. Variation in sighting rate was best described by salinity, with highest sighting rate at high levels of salinity (> 30 g kg- 1), indicating that porpoises enter the area in bodies of (more saline) North Sea water. Second best variable was time of day, with the highest sighting rate early morning, and decreasing during the day. However, surveys in the morning happened to coincide more often with high water and hence, the apparent time of day effect could be due to collinearity. Most porpoises were present in the northern part of the Marsdiep, particularly during high tide. Tide dependent sighting rates confirmed that porpoises reside in the North Sea, and enter the

  19. Historic bluff retreat and stabilization at Flag Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Clark, Inga; Larsen, Curtis E.; McRae, Michele

    2002-01-01

    Studies of bluff erosion and slope stability along the western shore of Chesapeake Bay suggest relative evolution from steep, eroding coastal bluffs to stable slopes at angles of repose ca. 35 degrees over decades. Because of the dating methods in those studies, it was impossible to precisely define rates of change. The present study provides historic age control. A pair of small harbor structures were constructed in the early 1950's at Chesapeake Beach, MD to maintain a dredged channel to a small marina occupying a ravine in the Calvert Cliffs. Prior to construction, this section of shoreline was comprised of eroding steep bluffs cut into Miocene-age sediments. Downdrift erosion is now apparent south of the structures as is updrift deposition behind the northern jetty. Since construction the updrift sand body has prograded northward and progressively deposited protective beaches along the toes of the bluffs. Former eroding bluffs nearest the harbor are now stable, vegetated slopes at angles near 35 degrees. Slope angles widen to the north and to the northern limit of the sand body. Beyond this are eroding bluffs standing at angles of 70-80 degrees. The relative time required for eroding bluffs to reach stability is estimated by interpolating the distance and time for the sand body to prograde northward since harbor construction. We measured slope angles at intervals northward from the updrift structure for a distance of 2000 feet. A least squares regression of slope angle vs distance showed progressive decrease in angle from north to south. Actively eroding 70-80 degree bluffs gave way to vegetated, but slumping slopes, and finally to stable 35-degree slopes at the harbor. A relationship between time and distance along the shore allowed us to estimate a stabilization time for this location of 35-40 years. The shortness of this time scale allows us to suggest that attempts to artificially stabilize eroding bluffs along this coast is not a simple task of protecting

  20. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the Period December 1, 2002-November 30, 2003

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2009-01-01

    Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a semi-monthly basis.

  1. Comparing and characterizing three-dimensional point clouds derived by structure from motion photogrammetry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schwind, Michael

    Structure from Motion (SfM) is a photogrammetric technique whereby three-dimensional structures (3D) are estimated from overlapping two-dimensional (2D) image sequences. It is studied in the field of computer vision and utilized in fields such as archeology, engineering, and the geosciences. Currently, many SfM software packages exist that allow for the generation of 3D point clouds. Little work has been done to show how topographic data generated from these software differ over varying terrain types and why they might produce different results. This work aims to compare and characterize the differences between point clouds generated by three different SfM software packages: two well-known proprietary solutions (Pix4D, Agisoft PhotoScan) and one open source solution (OpenDroneMap). Five terrain types were imaged utilizing a DJI Phantom 3 Professional small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). These terrain types include a marsh environment, a gently sloped sandy beach and jetties, a forested peninsula, a house, and a flat parking lot. Each set of imagery was processed with each software and then directly compared to each other. Before processing the sets of imagery, the software settings were analyzed and chosen in a manner that allowed for the most similar settings to be set across the three software types. This was done in an attempt to minimize point cloud differences caused by dissimilar settings. The characteristics of the resultant point clouds were then compared with each other. Furthermore, a terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) survey was conducted over the flat parking lot using a Riegl VZ- 400 scanner. This data served as ground truth in order to conduct an accuracy assessment of the sUAS-SfM point clouds. Differences were found between the different results, apparent not only in the characteristics of the clouds, but also the accuracy. This study allows for users of SfM photogrammetry to have a better understanding of how different processing

  2. Coastal currents and mass transport of surface sediments over the shelf regions of Monterey Bay, California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wolf, S.C.

    1970-01-01

    In Monterey Bay, the highest concentrations of medium and fine sands occur nearshore between ten and thirty fathoms. Silt and clay accumulate in greater depths. Contours of median diameter roughly parallel the isobaths. Fine-grained materials are supplied to the bay region from erosion of cliffs which partly surround Monterey Bay, from sediment laden river discharge, and from continual reworking of widespread Pleistocene and Recent sea floor sediments. These sediments in turn are picked up by coastal currents and distributed over the shelf regions by present day current regimes. Studies of bottom currents over the shelf regions and in Monterey Canyon have revealed patterns which vary with seasonal changes. Current patterns during August and September exhibit remarkable symmetry about the axis of Monterey Submarine Canyon. Central Shelf currents north and south of Monterey Canyon flowed northwest at an average rate of 0.2 knots and south at 0.3 knots respectively. On the North Shelf between January and March currents flowed east to southeast at 0.3-0.5 knots with mirror image patterns above the South Shelf during the same period. Irregular current flow in the canyon indicates a complex current structure with frequent shifts in counterclockwise and clockwise direction over very short periods of time. Bottom topography of the canyon complex often causes localization of canyon currents. One particular observation at a depth of 51 fathoms indicated up-canyon flow at a rate of 0.2 knots. Most of the observed currents are related to seasonal variations, upwelling, ocean swell patterns, and to changes in the California and Davidson currents. Changes in current regimes are reflected in the patterns of sediment distribution and transport. Sediment transport is chiefly parallel to the isobaths, particularly on the North and South Shelf regions. Complex dispersal patterns are observed near Monterey Canyon and Moss Landing Harbor jetties. Longshore currents move sediments

  3. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2004-November 30, 2005

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2011-01-01

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered in 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 52nd Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2005 River Master report year; that is, the period from December 1, 2004, to November 30, 2005. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 7.56 in., or 117 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high from December 2004 to May 2005 and reached a record high level on April 3, 2005. Reservoir storage decreased steadily from May to early October, then increased rapidly through the end of November. Delaware River operations throughout the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 120 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations

  4. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2007-November 30, 2008

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Blanchard, Stephen F.

    2014-01-01

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 55th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2008 River Master report year, the period from December 1, 2007, to November 30, 2008. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 49.79 inches (in.) or 114 percent of the 67 report-year average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high from December 2007 to May 2008. Reservoir storage decreased seasonally from June to late October, then increased gradually through the end of November. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 107 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature

  5. Interactive 4D Visualization of Sediment Transport Models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Butkiewicz, T.; Englert, C. M.

    2013-12-01

    Coastal sediment transport models simulate the effects that waves, currents, and tides have on near-shore bathymetry and features such as beaches and barrier islands. Understanding these dynamic processes is integral to the study of coastline stability, beach erosion, and environmental contamination. Furthermore, analyzing the results of these simulations is a critical task in the design, placement, and engineering of coastal structures such as seawalls, jetties, support pilings for wind turbines, etc. Despite the importance of these models, there is a lack of available visualization software that allows users to explore and perform analysis on these datasets in an intuitive and effective manner. Existing visualization interfaces for these datasets often present only one variable at a time, using two dimensional plan or cross-sectional views. These visual restrictions limit the ability to observe the contents in the proper overall context, both in spatial and multi-dimensional terms. To improve upon these limitations, we use 3D rendering and particle system based illustration techniques to show water column/flow data across all depths simultaneously. We can also encode multiple variables across different perceptual channels (color, texture, motion, etc.) to enrich surfaces with multi-dimensional information. Interactive tools are provided, which can be used to explore the dataset and find regions-of-interest for further investigation. Our visualization package provides an intuitive 4D (3D, time-varying) visualization of sediment transport model output. In addition, we are also integrating real world observations with the simulated data to support analysis of the impact from major sediment transport events. In particular, we have been focusing on the effects of Superstorm Sandy on the Redbird Artificial Reef Site, offshore of Delaware Bay. Based on our pre- and post-storm high-resolution sonar surveys, there has significant scour and bedform migration around the

  6. Mapping Submarine Groundwater Discharge - how to investigate spatial discharge variability on coastal and beach scales

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stieglitz, T. C.; Burnett, W. C.; Rapaglia, J.

    2008-12-01

    Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is now increasingly recognized as an important component in the water balance, water quality and ecology of the coastal zone. A multitude of methods are currently employed to study SGD, ranging from point flux measurements with seepage meters to methods integrating over various spatial and temporal scales such as hydrological models, geophysical techniques or surface water tracer approaches. From studies in a large variety of hydrogeological settings, researchers in this field have come to expect that SGD is rarely uniformly distributed. Here we discuss the application of: (a) the mapping of subsurface electrical conductivity in a discharge zone on a beach; and (b) the large-scale mapping of radon in coastal surface water to improving our understanding of SGD and its spatial variability. On a beach scale, as part of intercomparison studies of a UNESCO/IAEA working group, mapping of subsurface electrical conductivity in a beach face have elucidated the non-uniform distribution of SGD associated with rock fractures, volcanic settings and man-made structures (e.g., piers, jetties). Variations in direct point measurements of SGD flux with seepage meters were linked to the subsurface conductivity distribution. We demonstrate how the combination of these two techniques may complement one another to better constrain SGD measurements. On kilometer to hundred kilometer scales, the spatial distribution and regional importance of SGD can be investigated by mapping relevant tracers in the coastal ocean. The radon isotope Rn-222 is a commonly used tracer for SGD investigations due to its significant enrichment in groundwater, and continuous mapping of this tracer, in combination with ocean water salinity, can be used to efficiently infer locations of SGD along a coastline on large scales. We use a surface-towed, continuously recording multi-detector setup installed on a moving vessel. This tool was used in various coastal environments, e

  7. Hurricane Ike Deposits on the Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston Bay, Texas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Evans, C. A.; Wilkinson, M. J.; Eppler, D.

    2011-12-01

    In September 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Bay, close to the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). The storm flooded much of the area with a storm surge ranging from 11-20 feet. The Bolivar peninsula, the southeastern coast of Galveston Bay, experienced the brunt of the surge. Several agencies collected excellent imagery baselines before the storm and complementary data a few days afterward that helped define the impacts of the storm. In April of 2011, a team of scientists and astronauts from JSC conducted field mapping exercises along the Bolivar Peninsula, the section of the Galveston Bay coast most impacted by the storm. Astronauts routinely observe and document coastal changes from orbit aboard the International Space Station. As part of their basic Earth Science training, scientists at the Johnson Space Center take astronauts out for field mapping exercises so that they can better recognize and understand features and processes that they will later observe from the International Space Station. Using pre-storm baseline images of the Bolivar Peninsula near Rollover Pass and Gilchrist (NOAA/Google Earth Imagery and USGS aerial imagery and lidar data), the astronauts mapped current coastline positions at defined locations, and related their findings to specific coastal characteristics, including channel, jetties, and other developments. In addition to mapping, we dug trenches along both the Gulf of Mexico coast as well as the Galveston Bay coast of the Bolivar peninsula to determine the depth of the scouring from the storm on the Gulf side, and the amount of deposition of the storm surge deposits on the Bay side of the peninsula. The storm signature was easy to identify by sharp sediment transitions and, in the case of storm deposits, a layer of storm debris (roof shingles, PVC pipes, etc) and black, organic rich layers containing buried sea grasses in areas that were marshes before the storm. The amount of deposition was generally about 20-25 cm; the

  8. The final spawning ground of Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action

    PubMed Central

    Moh, Julia Hwei Zhong; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd; Chatterji, Anil; Shaharom, Faizah

    2016-01-01

    Tanjung Selongor and Pantai Balok (State Pahang) are the only two places known for spawning activity of the Malaysian horseshoe crab - Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. While the former beach has been disturbed by several anthropogenic activities that ultimately brought an end to the spawning activity of T. gigas, the status of the latter remains uncertain. In the present study, the spawning behavior of T. gigas at Pantai Balok (Sites I-III) was observed over a period of thirty six months, in three phases, between 2009 and 2013. Every year, the crab’s nesting activity was found to be high during Southwest monsoon (May–September) followed by Northeast (November–March) and Inter monsoon (April and October) periods. In the meantime, the number of female T. gigas in 2009–2010 (Phase-1) was higher (38 crabs) than in 2010–2011 (Phase-2: 7 crabs) and 2012–2013 (Phase-3: 9 crabs) for which both increased overexploitation (for edible and fishmeal preparations) as well as anthropogenic disturbances in the vicinity (sand mining since 2009, land reclamation for wave breaker/parking lot constructions in 2011 and fishing jetty construction in 2013) are responsible. In this context, the physical infrastructure developments have altered the sediment close to nesting sites to be dominated by fine sand (2.5Xφ ) with moderately-well sorted (0.6–0.7σφ), very-coarse skewed (−2.4SKφ), and extremely leptokurtic (12.6Kφ) properties. Also, increased concentrations of Cadmium (from 4.2 to 13.6 mg kg−1) and Selenium (from 11.5 to 23.3 mg kg−1) in the sediment, and Sulphide (from 21 to 28 µg l−1) in the water were observed. In relation to the monsoonal changes affecting sheltered beach topography and sediment flux, the spawning crabs have shown a seasonal nest shifting behaviour in-between Sites I-III during 2009–2011. However, in 2012–2013, the crabs were mostly restricted to the areas (i.e., Sites I and II) with high

  9. Hurricane Ike Deposits on the Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston Bay, Texas

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Evans, Cynthia A.; Wilkinson, M. J.; Eppler, Dean

    2011-01-01

    In September 2008, Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Bay, close to the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). The storm flooded much of the area with a storm surge ranging from 11 -20 feet. The Bolivar peninsula, the southeastern coast of Galveston Bay, experienced the brunt of the surge. Several agencies collected excellent imagery baselines before the storm and complementary data a few days afterward that helped define the impacts of the storm. In April of 2011, a team of scientists and astronauts from JSC conducted field mapping exercises along the Bolivar Peninsula, the section of the Galveston Bay coast most impacted by the storm. Astronauts routinely observe and document coastal changes from orbit aboard the International Space Station. As part of their basic Earth Science training, scientists at the Johnson Space Center take astronauts out for field mapping exercises so that they can better recognize and understand features and processes that they will later observe from the International Space Station. Using pre -storm baseline images of the Bolivar Peninsula near Rollover Pass and Gilchrist (NOAA/Google Earth Imagery and USGS aerial imagery and lidar data), the astronauts mapped current coastline positions at defined locations, and related their findings to specific coastal characteristics, including channel, jetties, and other developments. In addition to mapping, we dug trenches along both the Gulf of Mexico coast as well as the Galveston Bay coast of the Bolivar peninsula to determine the depth of the scouring from the storm on the Gulf side, and the amount of deposition of the storm surge deposits on the Bay side of the peninsula. The storm signature was easy to identify by sharp sediment transitions and, in the case of storm deposits, a layer of storm debris (roof shingles, PVC pipes, etc) and black, organic rich layers containing buried sea grasses in areas that were marshes before the storm. The amount of deposition was generally about 20 -25 cm

  10. The final spawning ground of Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action.

    PubMed

    Nelson, Bryan Raveen; Satyanarayana, Behara; Moh, Julia Hwei Zhong; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd; Chatterji, Anil; Shaharom, Faizah

    2016-01-01

    Tanjung Selongor and Pantai Balok (State Pahang) are the only two places known for spawning activity of the Malaysian horseshoe crab - Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. While the former beach has been disturbed by several anthropogenic activities that ultimately brought an end to the spawning activity of T. gigas, the status of the latter remains uncertain. In the present study, the spawning behavior of T. gigas at Pantai Balok (Sites I-III) was observed over a period of thirty six months, in three phases, between 2009 and 2013. Every year, the crab's nesting activity was found to be high during Southwest monsoon (May-September) followed by Northeast (November-March) and Inter monsoon (April and October) periods. In the meantime, the number of female T. gigas in 2009-2010 (Phase-1) was higher (38 crabs) than in 2010-2011 (Phase-2: 7 crabs) and 2012-2013 (Phase-3: 9 crabs) for which both increased overexploitation (for edible and fishmeal preparations) as well as anthropogenic disturbances in the vicinity (sand mining since 2009, land reclamation for wave breaker/parking lot constructions in 2011 and fishing jetty construction in 2013) are responsible. In this context, the physical infrastructure developments have altered the sediment close to nesting sites to be dominated by fine sand (2.5Xφ ) with moderately-well sorted (0.6-0.7σφ), very-coarse skewed (-2.4SKφ), and extremely leptokurtic (12.6Kφ) properties. Also, increased concentrations of Cadmium (from 4.2 to 13.6 mg kg(-1)) and Selenium (from 11.5 to 23.3 mg kg(-1)) in the sediment, and Sulphide (from 21 to 28 µg l(-1)) in the water were observed. In relation to the monsoonal changes affecting sheltered beach topography and sediment flux, the spawning crabs have shown a seasonal nest shifting behaviour in-between Sites I-III during 2009-2011. However, in 2012-2013, the crabs were mostly restricted to the areas (i.e., Sites I and II) with high oxygen (5.5-8.0 mg l

  11. Coastal system mapping: a new approach to formalising and conceptualising the connectivity of large-scale coastal systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    French, J.; Burningham, H.; Whitehouse, R.

    2010-12-01

    The concept of the coastal sediment cell has proved invaluable as a basis for estimating sediment budgets and as a framework for coastal management. However, whilst coastal sediment cells are readily identified on compartmentalised coastlines dominated by beach-grade material, the cell concept is less suited to handling broader linkages between estuarine, coastal and offshore systems, and for incorporating longer-range suspended sediment transport. We present a new approach to the conceptualisation of large-scale coastal geomorphic systems based on a hierarchical classification of component landforms and management interventions and mapping of the interactions between them. Coastal system mapping is founded on a classification that identifies high-level landform features, low-level landform elements and engineering interventions. Geomorphic features define the large-scale organisation of a system and include landforms that define gross coastal configuration (e.g. headland, bay) as well as fluvial, estuarine and offshore sub-systems that exchange sediment with and influence the open coast. Detailed system structure is mapped out with reference to a larger set of geomorphic elements (e.g. cliff, dune, beach ridge). Element-element interactions define cross-shore linkages (conceptualised as hinterland, backshore and foreshore zones) and alongshore system structure. Both structural and non-structural engineering interventions are also represented at this level. Element-level mapping is rationalised to represent alongshore variation using as few elements as possible. System linkages include both sediment transfer pathways and influences not associated with direct mass transfer (e.g. effect of a jetty at an inlet). A formal procedure for capturing and graphically representing coastal system structure has been developed around free concept mapping software, CmapTools (http://cmap.ihmc.us). Appended meta-data allow geographic coordinates, data, images and literature

  12. Comprehensive summary of beach renourishment and offshore sand removal impacts for Florida

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Demopoulos, A.W.J.; Gualtieri, D.J.; Neils, A.; Huge, D.

    2011-01-01

    An essential first step in the scope of environmental impacts for a sediment mining project is a formulation of specific purpose, precise needs, and estimated impacts. For each individual project, scope must be described, acceptable alternatives must be determined, critical environmental issues must be identified, and mitigation measures must be resolved. Appropriate Federal and State regulations will often require evidence that sand placement is a reasonable alternative to shoreline protection. If so, material to be extracted from the borrow site must be characterized. Candidates must identify the extent of the potential area for sand resources, complete with screening criteria, and site-specific information must be obtained. Alternatives must be identified, compared, and contrasted. And, importantly, the most cost-effective and environmentally sound approach must be determined for the project to move forward. Florida's beaches and coastlines once provided natural protection against storm damage, while simultaneously supporting aquatic ecosystems and both commercial and recreational fisheries. However, beach erosion associated with regional construction and development of the coastline has reduced the effectiveness of natural storm protection. Coastal beaches are, in geological terms, ever-shifting and evolving through natural processes of erosion and replenishment. With permanent structures in place, such as seawalls, jetties, and revetments, natural shoreline is compartmentalized, dynamics are interrupted, and sediment is no longer replenished. Coastal erosion is often a problem where the natural sediment source is deficient. Many of Florida's beaches are now in need of beach replenishment to reduce the high level of damage caused by coastal flooding. Strategic placement of beach fill is a logical means for improving the stability of a shoreline where such a project is economically and environmentally feasible. Sand placement effectively extends the shoreline

  13. Banks Lake Fishery Evaluation Project Annual Report : Fiscal Year 2008 (March 1, 2008 to February 1, 2009).

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Polacek, Matt

    2009-07-15

    The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife implemented the Banks Lake Fishery Evaluation Project (BLFEP) in September 2001 with funds from the Bonneville Power Administration, and continued project tasks in 2008. The objective was to evaluate factors that could limit kokanee in Banks Lake, including water quality, prey availability, harvest, and acute predation during hatchery releases. Water quality parameters were collected twice monthly from March through November. Banks Lake water temperatures began to increase in May and stratification was apparent by July. By late August, the thermocline had dropped to 15 meters deep, with temperatures of 21-23 C in themore » epilimnion and 16-19 C in the hypolimnion. Dissolved oxygen levels were generally above 8 mg/L until August when they dropped near or below 5 mg/L deeper than 20-meters. Secchi depths ranged from 3.2 to 6.2 meters and varied spatially and temporally. Daphnia and copepod densities were the highest in May and June, reaching densities of 26 copepods/liter and 9 Daphnia/liter. Fish surveys were conducted in July and October 2008 using boat electrofishing, gill netting, and hydroacoustic surveys. Lake whitefish (71%) and yellow perch (16%) dominated the limnetic fish assemblage in the summer, while lake whitefish (46%) and walleye (22%) were the most abundant in gill net catch during the fall survey. Piscivore diets switched from crayfish prior to the release of rainbow trout to crayfish and rainbow trout following the release. The highest angling pressure occurred in May, when anglers were primarily targeting walleye and smallmouth bass. Boat anglers utilized Steamboat State Park more frequently than any other boat ramp on Banks Lake. Shore anglers used the rock jetty at Coulee City Park 45% of the time, with highest use occurring from November through April. Ice fishing occurred in January and February at the south end of the lake. An estimated total of 4,397 smallmouth bass, 11,106 walleye, 371

  14. Headland sediment bypassing and beach rotation in a rocky coast: an example at the western Portuguese coast

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ribeiro, Mónica; Taborda, Rui; Lira, Cristina; Bizarro, Aurora; Oliveira, Anabela

    2014-05-01

    Headland sediment bypassing plays a major role in definition of coastal sedimentary budget and consequently in coastal management. This process is particularity important at headland-bay beaches on rocky coasts. However, headland-bay beach research is usually focused on the beach rotation since these beaches are generally regarded as closed systems. The sediment bypassing mechanisms have been extensively studied in the context of artificial structures (e.g. groins and jetties) but studies of natural headland sediment bypassing are scarce and usually applied to decadal time scales. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of headland sediment bypassing processes in non-artificial environments, taking as a case study a natural coastal stretch at the Portuguese west coast. The study is supported on the analysis of planform beach changes using Landsat satellite images (with an acquisition frequency of 16 days) complemented with field surveys with DGPS-RTK and ground-based photographic monitoring. The study area can be described as a cliffed rocky coast that accommodates a series of headland-bay beaches with different geometries: some are encased in the dependence of fluvial streams, while others correspond to a narrow and elongated thin sand strip that covers a rocky shore platform. This coast is generally characterized by a weak, but active, sediment supply and high levels of wave energy due to the exposure to the swells generated in the North Atlantic. The long-term stability of the beaches in conjunction with active sediment supply along the study area (from streams and cliff erosion) and a sink at the downdrift end of this coastal stretch (an active dune system) support the existence of headland sediment bypassing. The analysis of planform beach changes show a coherent signal in time but with a range that depends on the orientation of the stretch where each beach is included. In general, beaches displays a clockwise rotation during summer related to the NW

  15. Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2008–November 30, 2009

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Mason, Jr., Robert R.; Owens, Marie

    2016-04-06

    A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 56th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2009 River Master report year, the period from December 1, 2008, to November 30, 2009.During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 50.89 inches (in.) or 116 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high throughout the year and did not decline below 80 percent of combined capacity at any time. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program (FFMP).Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 25 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days.During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master.As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance

  16. Report for the River Master of the Delaware River for the Period December 1, 2001-November 30, 2002

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Carswell, William J.

    2006-01-01

    drought emergency conditions, with the terms of the 'Interstate Water Management Recommendations of the Parties to the Decree' (DRBC Resolution 83-13), and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected by electronic instruments at four sites, and data on water temperature and specific conductance were collected at one site. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a semimonthly basis.

  17. Analysis of X-band radar images for the detection of the reflected and diffracted waves in coastal zones

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ludeno, Giovanni; Natale, Antonio; Soldovieri, Francesco; Vicinanza, Diego; Serafino, Francesco

    2014-05-01

    The observation of nearshore waves and the knowledge of the sea state parameters can play a crucial role for the safety of harbors and ocean engineering. In the last two decades, different algorithms for the estimation of sea state parameters, surface currents and bathymetry from X-band radar data have been developed and validated [1, 2]. The retrieval of ocean wave parameters such as significant height, period, direction and wavelength of the dominant wave is based on the spectral analysis of data sequences collected by nautical X-band radars [3]. In particular, the reconstruction of the wave motion is carried out through the inversion procedure explained in [1-3], which exploits the dispersion relationship to define a band pass filter used to separate the energy associated with the ocean waves from the background noise. It is worth to note that the shape of such a band pass filter depends upon the value of both the surface currents and bathymetry; in our reconstruction algorithm these parameters are estimated through the (Normalized Scalar Product) procedure [1], which outperforms other existing methods (e.g., the Least Squares) [4]. From the reconstructed wave elevation sequences we can get the directional spectrum that provides useful information (i.e., wavelength, period, direction and amplitude) relevant to the main waves contributing to the wave motion. Of course, in coastal zones a number of diffraction and reflection phenomena can be observed, due to sea-waves impinging obstacles as jetties, breakwaters and boats. In the present paper we want to show the capability to detect reflected and diffracted sea-waves offered by the processing of X-band radar data. Further details relevant to the obtained results will be provided in the full paper and at the conference time. References [1] F. Serafino, C. Lugni, F. Soldovieri, "A novel strategy for the surface current determination from marine X-Band radar data", IEEE Geosci. and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 7, no

  18. National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 1, Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Morton, Robert A.; Miller, Tara L.; Moore, Laura J.

    2004-01-01

    intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. Rates of erosion for the Gulf of Mexico region are generally highest in Louisiana along barrier island and headland shores associated with the Mississippi delta. Erosion is also rapid along some barrier islands and headlands in Texas, and barrier islands in Mississippi are migrating laterally. Highest rates of erosion in Florida are generally localized around tidal inlets. The most stable Gulf beaches are along the west coast of Florida where low wave energy and frequent beach nourishment minimize erosion. Some beach segments in Texas have accreted as a result of net longshore drift convergence, and around tidal inlets that have been stabilized by long jetties. Seawalls and riprap revetments were constructed in all the Gulf Coast states as initial community responses to long-term beach erosion. Although some states, such as Florida, still permit shoreline stabilization structures, beach nourishment has become the preferred method of mitigating long-term erosion.

  19. National Assessment of Historical Shoreline Change: A Pilot Study of Historical Coastal Bluff Retreat in the Great Lakes, Erie, Pennsylvania

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hapke, Cheryl J.; Malone, Shamus; Kratzmann, Meredith G.

    2009-01-01

    predicting future bluff-edge positions or rates of retreat. The report presents bluff-retreat rates for 32 km of a 60-km stretch along the Lake Erie, Pa., coastline. Data are discontinuous due to gaps in source data and lack of continuous bluffs. The average rate of coastal bluff retreat for the Lake Erie, Pa., bluffs was -0.3 +- 0.1 m/yr (retreat rates are presented as negative numbers in this report), based on rates averaged from 1,595 individual transects. Retreat rates generally were lowest where bedrock outcrops are exposed as the basal unit in the bluff. The highest rates are associated with anthropogenic activities, including jetties that trap littoral sediment, depleting a source of material for the natural replenishment of protective beaches downcoast, and extensive irrigation of farmlands on the tops of the bluffs, which can destabilize bluffs by enhancing ground-water outflow.

  20. Self-Organized Evolution of Sandy Coastline Shapes: Connections with Shoreline Erosion Problems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murray, A. B.; Ashton, A.

    2002-12-01

    established in these areas face discouraging future prospects. Attempts can be made to arrest the shoreline retreat on large scales-for example through large beach nourishment projects or policies that allow pervasive hard stabilization (e.g. seawall, jetties) along a coastline segment. However, even if such attempts are successful for a significant period of time, the pinning in place of some parts of an otherwise dynamic system will change the large-scale evolution of the coastline, altering the future erosion/accretion experienced at other, perhaps distant, locations. Simple properties of alongshore sediment transport could also be relevant to alongshore-inhomogeneous shoreline change (including erosion 'hot spots') on shorter time scales and smaller spatial scales. We are comparing predictions arising from the modeling, and from analysis of alongshore transport as a function of shoreline orientation, to recent observations of shoreline change ranging across spatial scales from 100s of meters to 10s of kilometers, and time scales from days to decades (List and Farris, Coastal Sediments,1999; Tebbens et al., PNAS, 2002). Considering that many other processes and factors can also influence shoreline change, initial results show a surprising degree of correlation between observations and predictions.

  1. Banks Lake Fishery Evaluation Annual Report 2002-2003.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Polacek, Matt; Knuttgen, Kamia; Shipley, Rochelle

    2003-11-01

    Steamboat State Park more frequently than any other boat ramp on Banks Lake. Shore anglers used the rock jetty at Coulee City Park 76 % of the time, with highest use occurring from November through April. An estimated total of 11,915 ({+-}140 SD) smallmouth bass, 6,412 ({+-}59 SD) walleye, 5,470 ({+-}260 SD) rainbow trout, and 1,949 ({+-}118 SD) yellow perch were harvested from Banks Lake in FY 2002. Only 3 kokanee were reported in the catch during the FY 2002 creel survey. In the future, data from the seasonal surveys and creel will be used to identify potential factors that may limit the production and harvest of kokanee, rainbow trout, and various spiny-rayed fishes in Banks Lake. The limiting factors that will be examined consist of: abiotic factors including water temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, habitat, exploitation and entrainment; and biotic factors including food limitation and predation. The BLFEP will also evaluate the success of several rearing and stocking strategies for hatchery kokanee in Banks Lake.« less

  2. National Assessment Of Shoreline Change: Part 2, Historical Shoreline Changes And Associated Coastal Land Loss Along The U.S. Southeast Atlantic Coast

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Morton, Robert A.; Miller, Tara L.

    2005-01-01

    this report represent past conditions and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. Rates of erosion for the Southeast Atlantic region were generally highest in South Carolina along barrier islands and headland shores associated with the Santee delta. Erosion was also rapid along some barrier islands in North Carolina. Highest rates of erosion in Florida were generally localized around tidal inlets. The most stable Southeast Atlantic beaches were along the east coast of Florida where low wave energy and frequent beach nourishment minimized erosion. Some beach segments in Florida accreted as a result of net longshore drift convergence around Cape Canaveral and around tidal inlets that were stabilized by jetties. Seawalls, riprap revetments, and groins were constructed in all the Southeast Atlantic states as initial community responses to long-term beach erosion. Although some states, such as Florida, still permit shoreline stabilization structures, beach nourishment has become the preferred method of mitigating long-term erosion. Beach nourishment is common in all of the Southeast Atlantic states except Georgia.

  3. Human impact, geomorphological and bio-environmental indicators for mapping and monitoring of a Mediterranean urban-beach with Posidonia oceanica (Gulf of Cagliari-Sardinia)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De Muro, Sandro; Pusceddu, Nicola; Frongia, Paolo; Buosi, Carla; Passarella, Marinella; Ibba, Angelo

    2016-04-01

    This work describes the human conditioned evolution (medium term) and the short term dynamics (mainly sediment transport) in southern Sardinia beach (between Giorgino and Cala d'Orri, about 11km), composed of fine to coarse quartz sand, backed by dune ridges and lagoons. The study was founded by NEPTUNE Project, Tender6 (L n. 7/2007). Geomorphological and bio-environmental indicators as: urbanization and coastal defence expansion, dune and beach changes, biotic indices (benthic foraminifera and Posidonia meadow) have been used. Medium-term evolution, over a period of 60 years, was carried out by ortho-images (1954-2015) for reconstructing coastline changes at this temporal scale. The main modifications were the building of the canal harbor, the consequent loss of 2.5km of beach, and the construction of several coastal defense structures, which caused asymmetric accumulations (lee zones) and erosion areas. Short-term variations have been periodically monitored (2014-2015) during 5 different field surveys (DGPS and Echo-sounder data) obtaining topo-bathymetric digital models. Sedimentary and hydrodynamic characteristics have been studied. Wave propagation, coastal currents and sediment transport, have been simulated through numerical models within Delft3D software. The results obtained allowed to visualize the response of the beach to wave stress, forced from SW, S, SE (Cagliari buoy and weather data). The comparison between data collected, thematic maps and models allowed to identify the main controlling factors and distribution mechanisms of the sedimentary paths on the shoreface. Those human modifications (e.g. building of the canal harbour and jetties, lagoon mouths stabilization, the consequent modified hydrodynamics and bottom trawling) have direct influence on the Posidonia oceanica and on its upper limit. In 2002, the Italian Environment Office reported a wide area (between -4m and -20m) of degraded Posidonia and dead matte in front of the study beach

  4. Natural versus Urban dunes along the Emilia-Romagna coast, Northern Adriatic (Italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Corbau, Corinne; Simeoni, Umberto

    2014-05-01

    Beach-dune interaction models can be precious tools for land managers and policymakers. However, if the models are inaccurate, land use policies may be designed based on false pretences or assumptions leading to poor land management, long-term erosion and sustainability issues, and increased difficulties in maintaining the dynamic coastal systems. From the literature, it appears that even the most reliable beach-dunes interactions models are not applicable to all coastal systems (Short and Hesp, 1982; Psuty, 1988; Sherman and Bauer, 1993). The study aims to identify the morphological evolution of the Emilia-Romagna coastal dunes according to its natural and "human" characteristics and to classify groups of dunes with similar evolutionary patterns. The coastal area consists essentially of 130 km of low sandy coast, interrupted by vast lagoon areas, harbor jetties and numerous hard coastal defense structures that were built during the first half of the 20th century to protect the Emilia-Romagna coast against erosion. Today about 57% of the littoral is protected by hard defenses, which have modified the morphodynamic characteristics of the beach without inverting the negative coastal evolution's trend. From recent aerial photographs (2011), 62 coastal dunes have been identified and mapped. Furthermore, the dune analysis shows a variability of the "physical characteristics" of coastal-dune systems along the Emilia-Romagna coast. The dune height varies from 1 to 7 meters, the width of the beach and of the active dunes range respectively from 10 to 150 m and from 10 to 65 m. Three main factors may explain the variability of the "physical characteristics": 1- Firstly the frontal dunes may be of different states according to the classification of Hesp (2002) since they correspond to incipient foredunes, well-developed foredunes, blowouts, residual foredunes as well as reactivated relict foredunes, 2- This could also be related to a different orientation of the coastline

  5. Hurricane Ike: Field Investigation Survey (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ewing, L.

    2009-12-01

    much of the storm surge, although there was some overtopping and debris was washed over Seawall Boulevard. In contrast, the geotextile tubes that were in used on Bolivar Peninsula and west Galveston were too low to provide an effective barrier to extreme storm surge or to prevent overtopping. Scour and wave erosion were noticeable for all structures, removing sand from the jetties at Rollover Pass, eroding backfill from the west end of the Galveston Seawall and dislocating toe stone and causing rotation of some geotextile tubes. Material for this presentation draw upon the forthcoming ASCE Report, A Report of Field Observations made 3 - 6 October 2008 and “Field investigation of Hurricane Ike impacts to the upper Texas coast” (Ewing et al. 2009) References ASCE Hurricane Ike Field Investigation Team (in production) A Report of Field Observations made 3 - 6 October 2008; sponsored by Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute and Geotechnical Institute of American Society of Civil Engineers. Ewing, Lesley., Donald K. Stauble, Paul A. Work, Billy L. Edge, Spencer M. Rogers, Mandy U. Loeffler, James M. Kaihatu, Margery Overton, Jeffery P. Waters, Kojiro Suzuki, Robert G. Dean, Marie H. Garrett, Eddie Wiggins, and Garry H. Gregory (2009) “Field Investigation of Hurricane Ike Impacts to the Upper Texas Coast” Shore & Beach, vol. 77(2) 9 - 23.

  6. X-Band wave radar system for monitoring and risk management of the coastal infrastructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ludeno, Giovanni; Soldovieri, Francesco; Serafino, Francesco

    2017-04-01

    waves from the coastal infrastructures, e.g. from the harbor jetties. In fact, the reflected waves may significantly complicate the harbour activities (e.g., berthing operations), as they interfere with the oncoming waves thus creating a confused sea [2]. References [1] G. Ludeno, C. Brandini, C. Lugni, D. Arturi, A. Natale, F. Soldovieri, B. Gozzini, F. Serafino, "Remocean System for the Detection of the Reflected Waves from the Costa Concordia Ship Wreck", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol.7, no.3, pp.3011-3018, July 2014. [2] G. Ludeno, F. Reale, F. Dentale, E. Pugliese Carratelli, A. Natale, F. Soldovieri, F. Serafino "An X-Band Radar System for Bathymetry and Wave Field Analysis in Harbor Area", Sensors, Vol.15, no.1, pp. 1691-1707, January 2015. [3] F. Raffa, G. Ludeno, B. Patti, F. Soldovieri, S. Mazzola, and F. Serafino, "X-band wave radar for coastal upwelling detection off the southern coast of Sicily.", Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, January 2017, Vol. 34, No. 1, Published online on 22 Dec 2016.

  7. Danube Delta Coastline Dynamics in the Last 160 Years

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tătui, Florin; Vespremeanu-Stroe, Alfred; Constantinescu, Ştefan; Zăinescu, Florin

    2017-04-01

    Wave-dominated deltaic coasts depend on the balance between wave climate and sediment supply, which controls the medium and long-term shoreline evolution. Interestingly, the common plan shapes of the wave-dominated lobes impose different wave exposures and longshore sediment transport magnitudes on the lobe flanks, characterized by ever changing aspects which make these sandy coasts some of the most mobile world coastlines. The Danube Delta coast consists of approximately 220 km (both Romanian and Ukrainian sectors) of tideless, medium-energy low-lying sandy beaches interrupted by multiple river mouths and, sometimes, by engineering structures (Sulina jetties and Midia harbour). The objective of this study is to examine and explain the factors which have driven the Danube Delta coastline dynamics at multi-annual to multi-decadal and centennial time-scales. Our analysis is based on multiple shorelines extracted from historical and modern maps (since mid-19th century), recent medium to high resolution satellite images (since 1984), aerial photos (since 1969), GPS surveys (available after 1990) and LIDAR data (2011), which were comparatively analysed by means of GIS techniques. Nowadays, more than half ( 55%) of the Romanian Danube Delta shoreline (disposed in five littoral cells) is affected by erosion. The present coastline configuration is the result of the long-term evolution of this deltaic coast. Depending on the temporal and spatial scales taken into consideration, different driving forces changed the leading role in the dynamics of Danube Delta shoreline in the last 160 years. At centennial time-scale, the threefold decrease of Danube sediment discharge in the last century (especially after 1950, as a result of dams` construction in the Danube watershed) explains the significantly higher shoreline migration rates and area changes between 1856 and 1961/1979 in comparison with the subsequent period, especially along the accumulative sectors. For the Chilia

  8. LIDAR-based coastal landscape reconstruction and harbour location: The Viking-age royal burial site of Borre (Norway)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Draganits, Erich; Doneus, Michael; Gansum, Terje

    2013-04-01

    Borre in the period 600-1000 AD was ca. 6-4 m higher than today, exactly at the position of the prominent beach ridge at the eastern boundary of the burial ground. Below 4 m asl there are three, prominent, ca. 70 m, 150 m and 200 m long ridges, oriented at right angle to the general trend of the coast. All three structures cause considerable deflection of the beach ridges in this area and therefore must be older than the beach ridges below 4 m asl. These ridges comprise polymict, sub-rounded to rounded boulders up to 1 m in diameter, including porphyric volcanics, various types of gneisses, amphibolite, sandstone, etc. These boulders occur neither at the nearby beach areas nor in the beach ridges in the whole Borre area, but can be found in the Younger Dryas Ra moraine, some 1 km west of Borre. In contrast to the strongly undulating shoreline at Borre, the nearby coast of the western Oslo Fjord between Åsgårdstrand and Horten, shows quite a straight shore line with hardly any natural harbours. The ridges seen in the LIDAR are exactly in the size range of the modern day jetties in this area and we believe that those between 4-0 m asl have been made for the same purpose, representing harbour structures for landing at Borre in Viking age.

  9. Ecological estimation of the possible variants new Ukrainian shipping way between the Danube and the Black Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Berlinsky, N.

    2007-05-01

    The better way or optimal variant means economic advisability of organization and using the way and the same time minimization of anthropogenic press. The first problem's factor is - all kinds' variants cross the area of the Danube Biosphere Reserve. The next factor is - all kinds of variants need dredging works in the sea shallow water so called bar's zone for marine entrance channel. As for natural factors there are also two. The first one is a long term delta evolution and the second is the process of water discharge redistribution. If the human influence to the first factor is still limited the second factor's influence can be unlimited - it is easy to do by jetty or dams construction. At present there are nine possible variants of the DWW: Variant 1. It is an artificial canal built as an ameliorative at 80-s between the Danube and Sasik liman. It provokes the water discharge redistribution up on 16.6% from the Danube run off (from the total Q=3000 m3/c for 54 km), hydrological regime in Ukrainian delta and ecological conditions will be sharply worsened. This project supposed a giant dredging works. Variant 2. The Project of engineer P.S. Chekhovich (1904). The length of the canal is 10 km. (The problems are: it is an artificial canal, needs the bridge, cross the wetlands area, redistribute water discharge from the Danube). Variant 3. Solomonov branch - Zhebryany bay modern Project by engineer V.P. Zizak (2000), The problems are: it is an artificial canal also, but with locks, needs the bridge, to cross the wetlands area, the water discharge redistribution from the Danube up on 2.27% (from the total Q=3000 m3/c for 54 km). The length of the canal is 9 km. Two last variants have orientation from Solomonov arm to Zhebriany bay. The other variants of DWW linked with Ochakovsky and Starostambulsky arms systems. Ochakosky system is dying off system from geological point of view. There are two arms which can be examined for DWW - Prorva arm and Potapovo arm. Besides

  10. California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and vicinity, California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Johnson, Samuel Y.; Dartnell, Peter; Cochrane, Guy R.; Golden, Nadine E.; Phillips, Eleyne L.; Ritchie, Andrew C.; Kvitek, Rikk G.; Greene, H. Gary; Krigsman, Lisa M.; Endris, Charles A.; Clahan, Kevin B.; Sliter, Ray W.; Wong, Florence L.; Yoklavich, Mary M.; Normark, William R.

    2012-01-01

    of three smaller, unnamed headless canyons incised into the shelf southeast of Hueneme Canyon. The shelf is underlain by tens of meters of interbedded upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial deposits that formed as sea level fluctuated in the last several hundred thousand years. Hueneme Canyon extends about 15 km offshore from its canyon head near the dredged navigation channel of the Port of Hueneme. The canyon is relatively deep (about 150 m at the California's State Waters limit) and steep (canyon flanks as steep as 25° to 30°). Historically, Hueneme Canyon functioned as the eastern termination of the Santa Barbara littoral cell by trapping all eastward littoral drift, not only feeding the large Hueneme submarine fan but acting as the major conduit of sediment to the deep Santa Monica Basin; however, recent dredging programs needed to maintain Channel Islands Harbor and the Port of Hueneme have moved the nearshore sediment trapped by jetties and breakwaters to an area southeast of the Hueneme Canyon head. Seafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft sediment and isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Hueneme Canyon and vicinity map area are related directly to the geomorphology and sedimentary processes that are the result of its Quaternary geologic history. The two basic megahabitats in the map area are Shelf (continental shelf) and Flank (continental slope). The flat seafloor of the continental shelf in the Hueneme Canyon and vicinity map area is dynamic, as indicated by mobile sand sheets and coarser grained scour depressions. The active Hueneme Canyon provides considerable relief to the continental shelf in the map area, and its irregular morphology of eroded walls, landslide scarps, and deposits and gullies provide promising habitat for groundfish, crabs

  11. Environmental and human exposure assessment monitoring of communities near an abandoned mercury mine in the Philippines: a toxic legacy.

    PubMed

    Maramba, Nelia P C; Reyes, Jose Paciano; Francisco-Rivera, Ana Trinidad; Panganiban, Lynn Crisanta R; Dioquino, Carissa; Dando, Nerissa; Timbang, Rene; Akagi, Hirokatsu; Castillo, Ma Teresa; Quitoriano, Carmela; Afuang, Maredith; Matsuyama, Akito; Eguchi, Tomomi; Fuchigami, Youko

    2006-10-01

    Abandoned mines are an important global concern and continue to pose real or potential threats to human safety and health including environmental damage/s. Very few countries had government mine regulation and reclamation policies until the latter part of the century where legal, financial and technical procedures were required for existing mining operations. Major reasons for mine closure may be mainly due to poor economies of the commodity making mining unprofitable, technical difficulties and national security. If the mine is abandoned, more often than not it is the government that shoulders the burden of clean-up, monitoring and remediation. The topic of abandoned mines is complex because of the associated financial and legal liability implications. Abandoned mercury mines have been identified as one of the major concerns because of their significant long-term environmental problems. Primary mercury production is still ongoing in Spain, Kyrgzystan, China, Algeria, Russia and Slovakia while world production declined substantially in the late 1980s. In the Philippines, the mercury mine located southeast of Manila was in operation from 1955 to 1976, before ceasing operation because of the decline in world market price for the commodity. During this time, annual production of mercury was estimated to be about 140,000 kg of mercury yearly. Approximately 2,000,000 t of mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining and roughly 1,000,000 t of these calcines were dumped into nearby Honda Bay to construct a jetty to facilitate mine operations where about 2000 people reside in the nearby three barangays. In October, 1994 the Department of Health received a request from the Provincial Health Office for technical assistance relative to the investigation of increasing complaints of unusual symptoms (e.g. miscarriages, tooth loss, muscle weakness, paralysis, anemia, tremors, etc.) among residents of three barangays. Initial health reports revealed significant

  12. National assessment of shoreline change: historical shoreline change along the Pacific Northwest coast

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ruggerio, Peter; Kratzmann, Meredith G.; Himmelstoss, Emily A.; Reid, David; Allan, Jonathan; Kaminsky, George

    2013-01-01

    shoreline change analyses incorporated only four total shorelines to represent specific time periods. This assessment of the PNW incorporates all available shorelines that meet minimum quality standards for resolution and positional accuracy. Shoreline change evaluations are based on a comparison of historical shoreline positions digitized from maps or aerial photographic data sources with recent shorelines, at least one of which is derived from lidar surveys. The historical shorelines cover a variety of time periods ranging from the 1800s through the 1980s, whereas the lidar shoreline is from 2002. Long-term rates of change are calculated using all available shoreline data and short-term rates of change are calculated using the lidar shoreline and the historical shoreline that will produce an assessment for a 15- to 35-year period. The rates of change presented in this report represent conditions up to the date of only the most recent shoreline data and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. The PNW coast was subdivided into eight analysis regions for the purpose of graphically reporting regional trends in shoreline change rates. The average rate of long-term shoreline change for the entire PNW coast was 0.9 meter per year (m/yr) of progradation with an uncertainty of 0.07 m/yr. This rate is based on 8,823 individual transects, of which 36 percent was determined to be eroding. Long-term shoreline change was generally more progradational in Washington than in Oregon. This is primarily due to the influence of the Columbia River and human perturbations to the natural system, particularly the construction of jetties at both the mouth of the Columbia River and at Grays Harbor, Washington. The majority of the beaches in southwestern Washington have responded to these large-scale engineered structures by experiencing dramatic beach progradation during the past century. Although these beaches are still responding to the human

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