Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cunningham, D.; Owen, L.A.; Snee, L.W.; Li, Ji

2003-01-01

The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost Tien Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobi-Tien Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective. Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central Tien Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost Tien Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central Tien Shan (orthogonal to SHmax) but more east-west in the eastern Tien Shan (acute angular relationship with SHmax . Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modern mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost Tien Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Oral Qing-Dai in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Single-Center Open-Label Prospective Study.

PubMed

Sugimoto, Shinya; Naganuma, Makoto; Kiyohara, Hiroki; Arai, Mari; Ono, Keiko; Mori, Kiyoto; Saigusa, Keiichiro; Nanki, Kosaku; Takeshita, Kozue; Takeshita, Tatsuya; Mutaguchi, Makoto; Mizuno, Shinta; Bessho, Rieko; Nakazato, Yoshihiro; Hisamatsu, Tadakazu; Inoue, Nagamu; Ogata, Haruhiko; Iwao, Yasushi; Kanai, Takanori

2016-01-01

Chinese herbal medicine Qing-Dai (also known as indigo naturalis) has been used to treat various inflammatory conditions. However, not much has been studied about the use of oral Qing-Dai in the treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Studies exploring alternative treatments for UC are of considerable interest. In this study, we aimed at prospectively evaluating the safety and efficacy of Qing-Dai for UC patients. The open-label, prospective pilot study was conducted at Keio University Hospital. A total of 20 patients with moderate UC activity were enrolled. Oral Qing-Dai in capsule form was taken twice a day (daily dose, 2 g) for 8 weeks. At week 8, the rates of clinical response, clinical remission, and mucosal healing were 72, 33, and 61%, respectively. The clinical and endoscopic scores, CRP levels, and fecal occult blood results were also significantly improved. We observed 2 patients with mild liver dysfunction; 1 patient discontinued due to infectious colitis and 1 patient discontinued due to mild nausea. This is the first prospective study indicating that oral Qing-Dai is effective for inducing remission in patients with moderate UC activity and can be tolerated. Thus, Qing-Dai may be considered an alternative treatment for patients, although further investigation is warranted. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Cenozoic episodic uplift and kinematic evolution between the Pamir and Southwestern Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Dongliang; Li, Haibing; Sun, Zhiming; Cao, Yong; Wang, Leizhen; Pan, Jiawei; Han, Liang; Ye, Xiaozhou

2017-08-01

The Pamir Salient and Southwestern Tien Shan belong to two different systems, which collided due to the continuous northward drift of the Indian Plate during the Cenozoic, resulting in a shortening of 300 km. The uplift history and kinematic evolution of the Pamir-Southwestern Tien Shan remain unclear. In this study, we chose the 2025 m-thick Pakabulake formation in the East Wuqia section, at the southern-most margin of the Southwestern Tien Shan system, to obtain a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record spanning 16.61 Ma to 9.78 Ma. Based on its high sedimentation rate, stable ca. E-W paleocurrents and stable magnetic susceptibility values, the nearby Southwestern Tien Shan was inferred to have undergone stable uplift during this period of sedimentation. Combining our results with the previous low-temperature thermochronology, magnetostratigraphy and re-calculated block rotations, we conclude that four episodic uplift events occurred in the Pamir-Southwestern Tien Shan during the Cenozoic, at times of 50-40 Ma, 35-16 Ma, 11-7 Ma and < 5 Ma, and that the first episodic uplift only occurred in the Pamir Salient. In addition, the Pamir Salient underwent a tectonic transformation from entire- to a half-oroclinal bending rotation during the Miocene, caused by activity along the Karakorum Fault and Kashgar-Yecheng Transfer System.

A NOVEL S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE: ARSENIC (III) METHYLTRANSFERASE FROM RAT LIVER CYTOSOL

EPA Science Inventory

A Novel S-Adenosyl-L-methionine: Arsenic(III) Methyltransferase from Rat Liver Cytosol
Shan Lin, Qing Shi, F. Brent Nix, Miroslav Styblo, Melinda A. Beck, Karen M. Herbin-Davis, Larry L. Hall, Josef B. Simeonsson, and David J. Thomas
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet): ar...

[The research on the edition of Daquanbencao (Complete Collection of Materia Medica)].

PubMed

Li, Jian; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Rui-xian

2009-07-01

Zhengleibencao (Classified Materia Medica) had been formed into several kinds of edition systems during its dissemination, among which there was the edition system of Daquanbencao (Complete Collection of Materia Medica). Daquanbencao was originally carved in the Jin dynasty, thereafter it was re-carved in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties so as to form a series of editions such as the edition of Zhenyou in the second year of the Jin dynasty; the edition of the Zongwenshuyuan college in Dade renyan year of the Yuan dynasty; the WANG Qiu's carved edition of Shangyitang hall in the Ming dynasty; the carved edition of Jishanshuyuan, the Jishang mountain college in the Ming dynasty, the reprinted edition of PENG Duan-wu in the Ming dynasty, the supplementary edition of YANG Bi-da in the Qing dynasty;, and the carved edition of KE Feng-shi in the Qing dynasty. Among all the editions, Chongkanjingshizhengleidaquanbencao (Reprinted Classified Daquan Materia Medica from Historical Classics) was the representative one. As a representative of the above editions, the carved edition of WANG took the edition of the Zongwenshuyuan college of the Yuan dynasty as the original edition, but the images picture of materia medica adopted from the edition of Zhenghebencao (Materia Medica of the Zhenghe era).

Source processes of strong earthquakes in the North Tien-Shan region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulikova, G.; Krueger, F.

2013-12-01

Tien-Shan region attracts attention of scientists worldwide due to its complexity and tectonic uniqueness. A series of very strong destructive earthquakes occurred in Tien-Shan at the turn of XIX and XX centuries. Such large intraplate earthquakes are rare in seismology, which increases the interest in the Tien-Shan region. The presented study focuses on the source processes of large earthquakes in Tien-Shan. The amount of seismic data is limited for those early times. In 1889, when a major earthquake has occurred in Tien-Shan, seismic instruments were installed in very few locations in the world and these analog records did not survive till nowadays. Although around a hundred seismic stations were operating at the beginning of XIX century worldwide, it is not always possible to get high quality analog seismograms. Digitizing seismograms is a very important step in the work with analog seismic records. While working with historical seismic records one has to take into account all the aspects and uncertainties of manual digitizing and the lack of accurate timing and instrument characteristics. In this study, we develop an easy-to-handle and fast digitization program on the basis of already existing software which allows to speed up digitizing process and to account for all the recoding system uncertainties. Owing to the lack of absolute timing for the historical earthquakes (due to the absence of a universal clock at that time), we used time differences between P and S phases to relocate the earthquakes in North Tien-Shan and the body-wave amplitudes to estimate their magnitudes. Combining our results with geological data, five earthquakes in North Tien-Shan were precisely relocated. The digitizing of records can introduce steps into the seismograms which makes restitution (removal of instrument response) undesirable. To avoid the restitution, we simulated historic seismograph recordings with given values for damping and free period of the respective instrument and

Velocity and Density Heterogeneities of the Tien-Shan Lithosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabitova, T. M.; Lesik, O. M.; Adamova, A. A.

The Tien-Shan orogene is a region in which the earth's crust undergoes considerable thickening and tangential compression. Under these conditions the lithosphere heterogeneities (composi tion, rheological) create the prerequisites for the development of various phenomena of tectonic layering (lateral shearing, different deformation of layers). To study the distribution of velocity, density and other elastic parameters, the results from a seismic tomography study on P-wave as well as S-wave velocities were used. Using empirical as well as theoretical formulas on the relationship between velocity, density and silica content in rocks, their distribution in the Tien-Shan's lithosphere has been calculated. In addition, other elastic parameters, such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of general compressions have been determined. Zoning of different types of crust was carried out for the region investigated. The characteristics of the "crust-mantle" transition have been investi gated. Large blocks with different types of the earth's crust were distinguished. Layers with inverse values of velocity, density and shear and Young modulus are revealed in the Tien-Shan lithosphere. All of the above described features open new ways to solve geodynamics problems.

INVESTIGATION OF CRUSTAL MOTION IN THE TIEN SHAN USING INSAR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mellors, R J

2011-02-25

The northern Tien Shan of Central Asia is an area of active mid-continent deformation. Although far from a plate boundary, this region has experienced 5 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7 in the past century and includes one event that may as be as large as Mw 8.0. Previous studies based on GPS measurements indicate on the order of 23 mm/yr of shortening across the entire Tien Shan and up to 15 mm/year in the northern Tien Shan (Figure 1). The seismic moment release rate appears comparable with the geodetic measured slip, at least to first order, suggesting that geodetic ratesmore » can be considered a proxy for accumulation rates of stress for seismic hazard estimation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar may provide a means to make detailed spatial measurements and hence in identifying block boundaries and assisting in seismic hazard. Therefore, we hoped to define block boundaries by direct measurement and by identifying and resolving earthquake slip. Due to political instability in Kyrgzystan, the existing seismic network has not performed as well as required to precisely determine earthquake hypocenters in remote areas and hence InSAR is highly useful. In this paper we present the result of three earthquake studies and show that InSAR is useful for refining locations of teleseismically located earthquakes. ALOS PALSAR data is used to investigate crustal motion in the Tien Shan mountains of Central Asia. As part of the work, considerable software development was undertaken to process PALSAR data. This software has been made freely available. Two damaging earthquakes have been imaged in the Tien Shan and the locations provided by ALOS InSAR have helped to refine seismological velocity models. A third earthquake south of Kyrgyzstan was also imaged. The use of InSAR data and especially L band is therefore very useful in providing groundtruth for earthquake locations.« less

Principal Component Analysis of Chinese Porcelains from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yap, C. T.; Hua, Younan

1992-10-01

This is a study of the possibility of identifying antique Chinese porcelains according to the period or dynasty, using major and minor chemical components (SiO2 , Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , K2O, Na2O, CaO and MgO) from the body of the porcelain. Principal component analysis is applied to published data on 66 pieces of Chinese procelains made in Jingdezhen during the Five Dynasties and the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is shown that porcelains made during the Five Dynasties and the Yuan (or Ming) and Qing Dynasties can be segregated completely without any overlap. However, there is appreciable overlap between the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, some overlap between the Song and Ming Dynasties and also between the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Interestingly, Qing procelains are well separated from all the others. The percentage of silica in the porcelain body decreases and that of alumina increases with recentness with the exception of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, where this trend is reversed.

[Learning experience of acupuncture technique from professor ZHANG Jin].

PubMed

Xue, Hongsheng; Zhang, Jin

2017-08-12

As a famous acupuncturist in the world, professor ZHANG Jin believes the key of acupuncture technique is the use of force, and the understanding of the "concentrating the force into needle body" is essential to understand the essence of acupuncture technique. With deep study of Huangdi Neijing ( The Inner Canon of Huangdi ) and Zhenjiu Dacheng ( Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion ), the author further learned professor ZHANG Jin 's theory and operation specification of "concentrating force into needle body, so the force arriving before and together with needle". The whole-body force should be subtly focused on the tip of needle, and gentle force at tip of needle could get significant reinforcing and reducing effect. In addition, proper timing at tip of needle could start reinforcing and reducing effect, lead qi to disease location, and achieve superior clinical efficacy.

Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone, Northwest China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson Jobe, Jessica Ann; Li, Tao; Chen, Jie; Burbank, Douglas W.; Bufe, Aaron

2017-12-01

The Pamir-Tian Shan collision zone in the western Tarim Basin, northwest China, formed from rapid and ongoing convergence in response to the Indo-Eurasian collision. The arid landscape preserves suites of fluvial terraces crossing structures active since the late Neogene that create fault and fold scarps recording Quaternary deformation. Using geologic and geomorphic mapping, differential GPS surveys of deformed terraces, and optically stimulated luminescence dating, we create a synthesis of the active structures that delineate the timing, rate, and migration of Quaternary deformation during ongoing convergence. New deformation rates on eight faults and folds, when combined with previous studies, highlight the spatial and temporal patterns of deformation within the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone during the Quaternary. Terraces spanning 130 to 8 ka record deformation rates between 0.1 and 5.6 mm/yr on individual structures. In the westernmost Tarim Basin, where the Pamir and Tian Shan are already juxtaposed, the fastest rates occur on actively deforming structures at the interface of the Pamir-Tian Shan orogens. Farther east, as the separation between the Pamir-Tian Shan orogens increases, the deformation has not been concentrated on a single structure, but rather has been concurrently distributed across a zone of faults and folds in the Kashi-Atushi fold-and-thrust belt and along the NE Pamir margin, where shortening rates vary on individual structures during the Quaternary. Although numerous structures accommodate the shortening and the locus of deformation shifts during the Quaternary, the total shortening across the western Tarim Basin has remained steady and approximately matches the current geodetic rate of 6-9 mm/yr.

Surge-type glaciers in the Tien Shan (Central Asia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, Kriti; Bolch, Tobias

2016-04-01

Surge-type glaciers in High Mountain Asia are mostly observed in Karakoram and Pamir. However, few surge-type glaciers also exist in the Tien Shan, but have not comprehensively studied in detail in the recent literature. We identified surge-type glaciers in the Tien Shan either from available literature or by manual interpretation using available satellite images (such as Corona, Hexagon, Landsat, SPOT, IRS) for the period 1960 to 2014. We identified 39 possible surge-type glaciers, showing typical characteristics like looped moraines. Twenty-two of them rapidly advanced during different periods or a surge was clearly described in the literature. For the remaining possible surge-type glaciers either the advance, in terms of time and length, were not mentioned in detail in the literature, or the glaciers have remained either stable or retreated during the entire period of our study. Most of the surge-type glaciers cluster in the Inner Tien Shan (especially in the Ak-Shiirak rage) and the Central Tien Shan, are in size and are facing North, West or North West. Pronounced surge events were observed for North Inylchek and Samoilowitsch glaciers, both of which are located in the Central Tien Shan. Samoilowitsch Glacier retreated by more than 3 km between 1960 (length ~8.9 km) and 1992 (~5.8 km), advanced by almost 3 km until 2006 and slightly retreated thereafter. The most pronounced advance occurred between 2000 and 2002. DEM differencing (based on SRTM3 data and stereo Hexagon and Cartosat-1 data) revealed a significant thickening in the middle reaches (reservoir area) of the glacier between 1973 and 2000 while the surface significantly lowered in the middle and upper parts of the glacier between 2000 and 2006. Hence, the ice mass was transferred to the lower reaches (receiving area) and caused the advance with a maximum thickening of more than 80 m. The ~30 km long North Inylchek Glacier retreated since 1943 and showed a very rapid advance of ~3.5 km especially in

Westernmost Tian Shan (Uzbekistan): Magmatism and Exhumation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdulhameed, Sanaa; Ratchbacher, Lothar; Gagala, Lukasz; Jonkheere, Raymond

2014-05-01

The westernmost segment of the Tian Shan comprises the Ghissar-Alai Range of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; its southwestern promontory contains the Baysunta crystalline massif. This orocline extends northwest of the Pamir and southeast of the Turan platform and forms the (north) western margin of the intra-orogenic Afghan-Tajik basin that was inverted during the India-Asia collision, mainly as a result of the gravitational collapse of the Pamir Plateau. The area contains Paleozoic slope and shelf clastics mantling crystalline basement rocks, altogether intruded by massif granitoids; it hides the cryptic Late Paleozoic South Ghissar suture. In Uzbekistan, the crystalline basement rocks of the westernmost Tien Shan are involved in the folding and thrusting of the Jurassic to Neogene sediments of the Afghan-Tajik basin, spectacularly proving thick-skinned deformation and demonstrating basement involvement below the Jurassic evaporate décollement underneath the Afghan-Tajik basin. We sampled the crystalline basement rocks of the Tian Shan of Uzbekistan to constrain the formation of the enigmatic Baysunta block and date the crystallization and high-grade metamorphism of the granitoids and associated metamorphic rocks of the Ghissar range; we employed U-Pb zircon geochronology. To time the deformation and exhumation of the fold-and thrust belt of the westernmost Afghan-Tajik basin, we used apatite fission-track thermochronology. Concordant U-Pb crystallization ages of zircons in the orthogneiss and paragneiss comprise 620 to 300 Ma; the Neoproterozoic ages imply a correlation of the Baysunta block with the Garm crystalline massif of the central Ghissar-Alai range of northeastern Tajikistan. The youngest zircon crystallization ages from granitoids are ~220 Ma, revealing enigmatically young magmatism, post-dating the last known collision event by >50 Ma. Together with 270-240 Ma meta-basaltic dykes and stocks in Tajikistan, they may trace a regional post

Controls of Lithospheric Mechanical Strength on the Deformation Pattern of Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Y.; Xiong, X.; Zheng, Y.; Hu, X.; Zhang, Y.

2015-12-01

The Tien Shan is an outstanding example of intracontinental mountain belt, which was built rapidly and formed far away from plate boundaries. It exhibits 300~500 km in width and extends ~2000 km EW, located in central Asia. The Tien Shan is a key area for solution of the problems relating to intracontinental geodynamics. During last decades, despite a large amount of results based on various geological, geophysical and geodetic data about the Tien Shan, however, deformation mechanism remains controversial and other several principal problems related to its structure and evolution also have not been completely resolved. As for patterns of continental deformation, they are always controlled by both the forces applied to the lithosphere and by lithospheric resistance to the forces. The latter is often measured by the mechanical strength of lithosphere. The lateral variation of strength of lithosphere has been recognized to be an important factor controlling the spatial construction and temporal evolution of continent. In this study, we investigate the mechanical strength (Te) of lithosphere in the Tien Shan using wavelet coherency between Bouguer anomaly and topography. The patterns of Te variations are closely related to major tectonic boundaries and blocks. Mechanical strength exhibits a weak zone (Te~5-20km) beneath the Tien Shan while its surrounding blocks including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Kazakh platform are characterized by a strong lithosphere (Te>40km). The lateral variations in mechanical strength and velocity field of horizontal movement with GPS demonstrate that strain localization appears at the margins of Tarim Basin, which is also the strong lithospheric domain. It is suggested that the weak lithosphere allows the crustal stress accumulation and the strong lithosphere helps to stress transfer. There is also a good agreement between mechanical strength and shear wave velocity structure in upper mantle. It indicates a strong domain located in the

Flower-strucutre deformation pattern of theTian Shan mountains as revealed by Late Quaternary geological and modern Geodesy slip rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, C.; Zhang, P.; Zheng, W.; Wang, H.; Zhang, Z.; Ren, Z.; Zheng, D.; Yu, J.; Wu, G.

2017-12-01

The deformation pattern and strain distribution of the Tian Shan is a hot issue.Previous studies mainly focus on the thrust-fold systems on both sides of Tian Shan, the strike-slip faults within the mountains are rarely reported. The understanding about the deformation characteristics of Tian Shan is not complete for lacking information of these strike-slip faults.Our studies show the NEE trending structures of Maidan fault and Nalati fault in the southwestern Tian Shan are all active during the Holence. These faults are characterized by sinistral strike-slip and thrust movement. The minimum average sinistral strike-slip rate of the Maidan fault is 1.07 ± 0.13 mm/yr. During the late Quaternary, the average shortening rate and sinistral strike-slip rate of the Nalati fault are 2.1 ±0.4 mm/yr and 2.56 ±0.25 mm/yr, respectively . In the interior of the Tian Shan area, two groups of strike-slip faults were developed. The NEE trending faults with sinistral strike-slipmovement, and the NWW trending faults with dextral strike-slip movement show the shape of "X"in geometrical structure. The piedmont thrust faults and the thrust strike-slip faults in the interior mountain constitute the tectonic framework of Tian Shan. Threegroups of active fault systems are the main seismogenic and geological structures, which control the current tectonic deformation pattern of Tian Shan (Figure 1). GPS observation data also showthe similar deformation characteristics with the geological results (Figures 2, 3). In addition to the crustal shortening, there is a certain strike-slip shear movement in the interior of the Tian Shan.The strike-slip rate defined by the geological and GPS data is approximately consistent with each other near the same longitude. We suggest the two groups of strike-slip faults in the interior of mountains is a set of conjugate structures. The whole Tian Shan forms a large flower-structure in a profile view. The complete tectonic deformation of the Tian Shan

Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir Tien Shan transition zone for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burtman, V. S.

2000-03-01

The magnitude of the Late Cenozoic crustal shortening during convergence of the Pamir and Tien Shan was determined using a contemporary pattern consisting of facies zones, palaeomagnetic data (regarding the rotation of tectonic units) and data on the structure of the Tadjik Depression. By Late Cenozoic, Cretaceous and Palaeogene facies zones were cut by the Vakhsh-Trans-Alay overthrust and Darvaz strike-slip faults and a significant part of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene Tadjik Basin was overthrust by the Pamir massif. The sediments of easternmost part of the basin are preserved in the Tarim Depression. The facies zones of the southern slope of the Afghan-Tadjik Basin were deformed and moved northward. A pattern of facies zones indicates a convergence between the Pamir and Tien Shan over a distance of 300-400 km. A number of cross-sections through the Tadjik Depression were used to establish the structure before folding. A rotation of tectonic units, indicated by structural data, conforms to the angles of rotation as determined in palaeomagnetic studies. The data suggest 300 km of convergence between the Pamir and Tien Shan. Stratigraphic, lithological, structural and palaeomagnetic data formed the basis for the construction of the palinspastically-restored palaeogeographic and sedimentologic environments for the Tadjik shallow sea basin which was situated between the Pamir and Tien Shan before their convergence in the Late Cenozoic. The maps were constructed for the eight stratigraphic levels of the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. The Tadjik Sea was a bay in the enormous Turan Sea. In the Early Aptian this bay was located in what is now the Afghan-Tadjik Basin. In Late Cretaceous, the eastern shore of the bay lay 600-700 km further eastward and in the Eocene, marine environments extended even further eastward but after the Rupelian continental environments occupied all of this region.

Pharmacokinetics and efficiency of brain targeting of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 given as Nao-Qing microemulsion.

PubMed

Li, Tao; Shu, Ya-Jun; Cheng, Jia-Yin; Liang, Run-Cheng; Dian, Shao-Na; Lv, Xiao-Xun; Yang, Meng-Qi; Huang, Shu-Ling; Chen, Gang; Yang, Fan

2015-02-01

Nao-Qing solution has been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to improve the pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of Nao-Qing, administered as an oil-in-water microemulsion. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given Nao-Qing microemulsion by intranasal or intragastric routes. Samples of blood, brain, heart, liver, lung and kidney were collected at pre-determined time intervals, and the contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 (active ingredients of the Nao-Qing microemulsion) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 in Nao-Qing microemulsion was 8475.13 ± 54.61 μg/ml and 6633.42 ± 527.27 μg/ml, respectively, and that the particle size, pH and viscosity of the microemulsion were 19.9 ± 5.07 nm, 6.1 and 3.056 × 10(-3 )Pas, respectively. Absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 was higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1, which was barely detectable after intragastric administration; furthermore, the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in blood and other tissues at each time point was lower for intragastric than for intranasal administration. Compared with intragastric administration, intranasal administration resulted in a shorter tmax (0.08 versus 1 h), a higher Cmax (16.65 versus 11.29 μg/ml), and a higher area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) (592.91 versus 101.70 μgċh/ml) in the brain. The relative rates of uptake (Re) and the ratio of peak concentration (Ce) in the brain were 126.31% and 147.48% for ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. These data illustrate that intranasal administration can promote the absorption of drugs in Nao-Qing microemulsion and achieve fast effect.

The Characters of Leap Years in Qing Calendars (1644-1911)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Dalong

In Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) three different calendars had been put into use which titles are Xiyang Xinfa Lishu (Treatise on Astronomy and Calendrical Science according to the New Method in West 1645-1666) Yuzhi Lixiang Kaocheng (Compendium of Calendrical Science and Astronomy compiled by Imperial Order 1725-1742) and Yuzhi Lixiang Kaocheng Houbian (Sequel Compendium of Calendrical Science and Astronomy compiled by Imperial Order 1742-1911). The characters of leap years in the three calendars are different for the last one which is selected the year of 1723 as it epoch and named as Guimao Yuan Li. This calendar is based on the 33-year pattern of leap years (there is a rather exact accord between days and years over this interval with eight days being intercalated per 33 years) and is slightly different from the former two calendars. Therefore the calendars of Qing Dynasty complied by Western Jesuits and Chinese astronomers can be regarded as the remarkable achievements in the history of calendar in the world.

Permian paleomagnetism of the Tien Shan fold belt, Central Asia: post-collisional rotations and deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bazhenov, Mikhail L.; S. Burtman, Valentin; Dvorova, Ariadna V.

1999-11-01

Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks were sampled from eight localities in the western and central parts of the Tien Shan fold belt. High-temperature, sometimes intermediate-temperature components isolated from these rocks at seven localities after stepwise thermal demagnetization are shown either to predate folding or be acquired during deformation; the conglomerate test at some localities is positive. The observed inclinations fit rather well with the Eurasian reference data, whereas the declinations are strongly deflected westward; westerly declinations have already been observed from the other parts of the Tien Shan (from the Turan plate in the west to the northern rim of Tarim and the Urumque area in the east). Our analysis shows that a considerable counterclockwise rotation of the Tien Shan fold belt as a rigid body is geologically improbable. We hypothesize that a sinistral shear zone existed over the fold belt thus accounting for systematically westerly declinations. This zone is about 300 km wide and is traced along the Tien Shan fold belt for 2500 km. A large area of Permian alkali magmatism in the West and Central Tien Shan is interpreted as an extensional domain conjugated with the shear zone. This shear zone can be accounted for by translation of the Kara Kum and Tarim blocks along the Eurasian boundary after their oblique collision in the Late Carboniferous. Two phases of rotation are recognized in the Tien Shan. The earlier rotation took place under shear strain during the D3 stage of deformation in the Artinskian-Ufimian. The later rotation is connected with transpression (D4 stage of deformation) and could occur from the Late Permian to Early Jurassic.

GPS survey of the western Tien Shan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hager, Bradford H.; Molnar, Peter H.; Hamburger, Michael W.; Reilinger, Robert E.

1995-01-01

There were two major developments in 1994 in our collaborative GPS experiment in the Tien Shan of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Both were motivated by our expectation that we will ultimately obtain better science at lower cost if we involve our colleagues in the FSU more deeply in (1) the collection and (2) the analysis of data. As an experimental test of the concept of having our local collaborators carry out the field work semi-autonomously, we sent 6 MIT receivers to the Tien Shan for a period of 3 months. To enable our collaborators to have the capability for data analysis, we provided computers for two data analysis centers and organized a two-week training session. This report emphasizes the rationale for deeper involvement of FSU scientists, describes the training sessions, discusses the data collection, and presents the results. We also discuss future plans. More detailed discussion of background, general scientific objectives, discussions with collaborators, and results for the campaigns in 1992 and 1993 have been given in previous reports.

Background Stress State Before the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the Dynamics of the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Kaiying; Rebetsky, Yu. L.; Feng, Xiangdong; Ma, Shengli

2018-02-01

A stress reconstruction was performed based on focal mechanisms around the Longmen Shan region prior to the 2008 M s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake using a newly developed algorithm (known as MCA). The method determines the stress tensor, including principal axes orientations, and quantitative stress values, such as the effective confining pressure and maximum shear stress. The results of the MCA application using data recorded by the regional network from 1989 to April 2008 show the background stress state around the Longmen Shan belt before the Wenchuan earthquake. The characteristics of the stress orientation reveal that the Longmen Shan region is primarily under the eastward extrusion of the eastern Tibetan plateau. Non-uniform quantitative stress distributions show low stress levels in the upper crust of the middle Longmen Shan segment, which is consistent with the observed high-angle reverse faulting associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In contrast, other study areas, such as the Bayankela block and the NW strip extending to the Sichuan basin, show high stress intensity. This feature coincides with heterogeneity in the wave speed image of the upper crust in this region, which shows high S-wave speed in the high stress areas and comparatively low S-wave speed in low stress areas. Deformation features across the Longmen Shan belt with the slow rates of convergence determined by GPS and the distribution of surface deformation rates also are in keeping with our stress results. We propose a dynamic model in which sloping uplift under the Longmen Shan, which partly counteracts the pushing force from the eastern plateau, causes the low-quantitative stresses in the upper crust beneath the Longmen Shan. The decreasing gravitational potential energy beneath the Longmen Shan leads to earthquake thrust faulting and plays an important role in the geodynamics of the area that results from ductile thickening of the deep crust behind the Sichuan basin, creating a narrow

"To Feel at Home in the Wonderful World of Modern Science": New Chinese Historiography and Qing Intellectual History.

PubMed

Sela, Ori

2017-09-01

Argument In recent decades a large body of scholarship on the first half of twentieth-century China has successfully shown the ways in which history and historiography had been constructed at the time, as well as the links between history, national identity, education, and politics that was forged during this period. In this paper, I examine Qing intellectual history, in particular that of the mid or "High Qing." I discuss the development of the historiography of this field in the early twentieth century by drawing on the larger developments in historiography; by demonstrating how these developments had shaped Qing intellectual history for later times; by focusing on the historical actors' sense of the importance of "science," being "scientific," and "modernization"; and, by unraveling the intimate connections to older historiographical narratives going back all the way to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Geology of ultra-high-pressure rocks from the Dabie Shan, Eastern China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmid, Robert

2001-02-01

A multidisciplinary study has been carried out to contribute to the understanding of the geologic evolution of the largest known occurrence of ultra-high-pressure (UHP) rocks on Earth, the Dabie Shan of eastern China. Geophysical data, collected along a ca. 20 km E-W trending seismic line in the eastern Dabie Shan, indicate that the crust comprises three layers. The upper crust has a homogeneously low reflectivity and exhibits roughly subhorizontal reflectors down to ca. 15 km. It is therefore interpreted to portray a crustal UHP slab thrust over non-UHP crust. An aprubt change in intensity and geometry of observed reflectors marks the boundary of a mid- to lower crustal zone which is present down to ca. 33 km. This crustal zone likely represents cratonal Yangtze crust that was unaffected by the Triassic UHP event and which has acted as the footwall during exhumation of the crustal wedge. Strong and continuous reflectors occurring at ca. 33-40 km depth most likely trace the Moho at the base of the crust. Any trace of a crustal root, that may have formed in response to collision tectonics, is therefore not preserved. A shollow tomographic velocity modell based on inversion of the first arrivals is constructed additionally. This model clearly images the distinct lithologies on both sides of the Tan Lu fault. Sediments to the east exhibit velocities of about 3.4 - 5.0 km* s^-1, whereas the gneisses have 5.2 - 6.0 km*s^-1. Geometry of velocity isolines may trace the structures present in the rocks. Thus the sediments dip shallowly towards the fault, whereas isoclinal folds are imaged to occur in the gneisses. Field data from the UHP unit of the Dabie Shan enables definition of basement-cover sequences that represent sections of the former passive margin of the Yangtze craton. One of the cover sequences, the Changpu unit, still displays a stratigraphic contact with basement gneisses, while the other, the Ganghe unit, includes no relative basement exposure. The latter

[Influences of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism on Chinese Medical Formulas in Jin-Tang Dynasties].

PubMed

Wu, Xiao-xiang

2006-04-01

In the Jin-Tang Dynasties, when Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism contended, conflicted and well blent, forming a state of mingled thoughts of the three sects. It exerted profound influences on Chinese Medical Formulas and promoted the academic fashion of compiling books about medical formulas characterized by collecting various formulas especially the simple and proved recipes. This plays a role in the formation of the formulas used in the Jin-Tang Dynasties, featuring simplicity, convenience, cheapness, and effectiveness, different from those of other periods.

Water footprint of Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, D.

2017-12-01

A rapidly expanding economy and increasing water demand for economic production is placing enormous stress on water quantity and aquatic environment in Northern China, especially the so-called Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban agglomeration. Several studies have focused on energy consumption, air pollution, CO2 emissions and regional blue water footprint (WF) following release of the Jing-Jin-Ji Integration Strategy by the China government. However, a comprehensive assessment distinguishing blue, green and grey WF amongst different industrial sectors, ascertaining how WF transfers internally and beyond the region and final demand consumption is not available. In this study, we quantified the WF and virtual water flow on a sectoral basis for the year 2010 through coupling the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO) with WF assessment. The results showed that Beijing and Tianjin are net importers of green, blue and grey water from Hebei and other provinces to support their needs. Conversely, Hebei exports all WF colors to Beijing, Tianjin and other provinces in China, more than 60% of WF is transferred as virtual water. For the overall Jing-Jin-Ji region a small amount of blue water (2,086 million m3) is exported, but huge amounts of green water (15,573 million m3) and grey water (30,620 million m3) are outsourced. A "Virtual Water Strategy" is one measure which could alleviate water stress at the regional scale, with consideration of financial compensation from water receiving regions made to water supplying regions for achieving water management targets. We also found that physical water transfer to Jing-Jin-Ji could not balance virtual blue water exports. Our research suggests that a continuation of an export-based economic development model will worsen Hebei's water stress. Reducing the dependency of Hebei's sectoral economy on export of water intensive and low value added agricultural products may be one strategy to reduce the pressure on regional water

Colitis with wall thickening and edematous changes during oral administration of the powdered form of Qing-dai in patients with ulcerative colitis: a report of two cases.

PubMed

Kondo, Satoru; Araki, Toshimitsu; Okita, Yoshiki; Yamamoto, Akira; Hamada, Yasuhiko; Katsurahara, Masaki; Horiki, Noriyuki; Nakamura, Misaki; Shimoyama, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Takayuki; Takei, Yoshiyuki; Kusunoki, Masato

2018-03-16

Orally administered Qing-dai, called indigo naturalis in Latin, is reportedly useful for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We herein describe two patients with ulcerative colitis who developed colitis with wall thickening and edematous changes during oral administration of the powdered form of Qing-dai. In Case 1, a 35-year-old man developed colitis similar to ischemic colitis with bloody stool that recurred each time he ingested Qing-dai. He had no signs of recurrence upon withdrawal of Qing-dai. In Case 2, a 43-year-old woman underwent ileocecal resection for treatment of an intussusception 2 months after beginning oral administration of Qing-dai. Edema and congestion but no ulceration were present in the mucosa of the resected specimen. Both patients exhibited abdominal pain with bloody diarrhea, and abdominal computed tomography showed marked wall edema affecting an extensive portion of the large bowel.

On the Lathrobium fauna of the Emei Shan, Sichuan, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

PubMed Central

Assing, Volker; Peng, Zhong; Zhao, Mei-Jun

2013-01-01

Abstract Six species of Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Emei Shan, Sichuan, are described and illustrated: Lathrobium iunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium coniunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium conexum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium ensigerum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium hastatum Assing & Peng sp. n., and Lathrobium bisinuatum Assing & Peng sp. n. Based on their primary and secondary sexual characters, they represent two distinct lineages, each of them comprising three species. A key to the species recorded from the Emei Shan is provided. PMID:23794823

[Contention on the theory of processing techniques of Chinese materia medica in the Ming-Qing period].

PubMed

Chen, Bin; Jia, Tianzhu

2015-03-01

On the basis of the golden stage of development of processing techniques of medicinals in the Song dynasty, the theory and techniques of processing in the Ming-Qing dynasties developed and accomplished further. The knowledge of some physicians on the processing of common medicinal, such as Radix rehmannia and Radixophiopogonis, was questioned, with new idea of processing methods put forward and argued against those insisting traditional ones, marking the progress of the art of processing. By reviewing the contention of technical theory of medicinal processing in the Ming-Qing period, useful references can be provided for the inheritance and development of the traditional art of processing medicinals.

Late Cenozoic Uplift of the Chinese South Tian Shan: Insight from Magnetostratigraphy and Sedimentology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, X.; Chen, H.; Cheng, X. G.; Zhongyue, S.; Lin, X.

2016-12-01

The South Tian Shan in the Central Asia is an intracontinental orogeny reactivated in the late Cenozoic by far-field effect of continuous India-Aisa convergence. However, its uplift time and process remains controversial. Here, Magnetostratigraphic and Sedimentological work in the Cenozoic Tierekesazi Profile in the South Tian Shan foreland was taken to figure out these problems. The Cenozoic sediment reveals a section of generally upwardly increasing particle sizes triggered by uplift of Tian Shan. Based on increasing particle size and water power, the Cenozoic succession could be divided into four lithofacies: (i) Paleogene marine lithofacies from the Paleogene Aertashi to Eocene-Oligocene Bashibulake Formation, (ii) lacustrine to fluvial (plain) lithofacies from the early Miocene Keziluoyi Formation to the middle of middle Miocene Pakabulake Formations, (iii) alluvial sand-gravel sheet lithofacies in the upperpart of middle Miocene Pakabulake Formation, and (iv) conglomerate lithofacies from the Neogene Atushi to Quaternary Xiyu Formation. Our magnetostratigraphic results, combined with biostratigraphic correlations, provide the chronologic constraints for each lithofacies and also the sediment accumulation rates (SAR). These results indicate lithofacies (i) aged ca. 65-34 Ma, lithofacies (ii) aged ca. 22.1-12 Ma, lithofacies (iii) aged ca. 12-5.2 Ma, and lithofacies (iv) aged ca. 5.2 Ma-present (?), with SARs increasing from lithofacies (i) to (iv). Regional correlation of SAR from foreland of South Tian Shan has suggested a linkage of the sedimentary event to the tectonic activity along South Tian Shan. We propose that the earliest Miocene event may represent the initial response of the far-field effect of Indian-Eurasian convergence, but more directly and likely marks the initial underthrusting of the Tarim block beneath the South Tian Shan. The mid-Miocene and Mio-Pliocene boundary events have different structural expression in the opposite regions east and

Block LU factorization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demmel, James W.; Higham, Nicholas J.; Schreiber, Robert S.

1992-01-01

Many of the currently popular 'block algorithms' are scalar algorithms in which the operations have been grouped and reordered into matrix operations. One genuine block algorithm in practical use is block LU factorization, and this has recently been shown by Demmel and Higham to be unstable in general. It is shown here that block LU factorization is stable if A is block diagonally dominant by columns. Moreover, for a general matrix the level of instability in block LU factorization can be founded in terms of the condition number kappa(A) and the growth factor for Gaussian elimination without pivoting. A consequence is that block LU factorization is stable for a matrix A that is symmetric positive definite or point diagonally dominant by rows or columns as long as A is well-conditioned.

The Rise of Women's Modern Schooling in Late Qing China (1840-1911)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Xiaoyi

2009-01-01

The rise of women's modern schooling in late Qing China was deemed to be, by the historical trend of modern China, a progress that coincided with China's modernization and national self-strengthening movement after the humiliating defeat of the Opium War. This article is an examination of this process from 1840 to 1911, which had undergone three…

Traditional Chinese Medicine Induced Liver Injury

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is popular around the world and encompasses many different practices with particular emphasis on herbal TCM. Using the PubMed database, a literature search was undertaken to assess the extent herbal TCM products exert rare hepatotoxicity. Analysis of reported cases revealed numerous specified herbal TCM products with potential hepatotoxicity. Among these were An Shu Ling, Bai Fang, Bai Xian Pi, Ban Tu Wan, Bo He, Bo Ye Qing Niu Dan, Bofu Tsu Sho San, Boh Gol Zhee, Cang Er Zi, Chai Hu, Chaso, Chi R Yun, Chuan Lian Zi, Ci Wu Jia, Da Chai Hu Tang, Da Huang, Du Huo, Gan Cao, Ge Gen, Ho Shou Wu, Hu Bohe You, Hu Zhang, Huang Qin, Huang Yao Zi, Hwang Geun Cho, Ji Gu Cao, Ji Ji, Ji Xue Cao, Jiguja, Jin Bu Huan, Jue Ming Zi, Kamishoyosan, Kudzu, Lei Gong Teng, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Lu Cha, Ma Huang, Mao Guo Tian Jie Cai, Onshido, Polygonum multiflorum, Qian Li Guang, Ren Shen, Sairei To, Shan Chi, Shen Min, Shi Can, Shi Liu Pi, Shou Wu Pian, Tian Hua Fen, White flood, Wu Bei Zi, Xi Shu, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Yin Chen Hao, Zexie, Zhen Chu Cao, and various unclassified Chinese herbal mixtures. Causality was firmly established for a number of herbal TCM products by a positive reexposure test result, the liver specific scale of CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences), or both. Otherwise, the quality of case data was mixed, especially regarding analysis of the herb ingredients because of adulteration with synthetic drugs, contamination with heavy metals, and misidentification. In addition, non-herbal TCM elements derived from Agaricus blazei, Agkistrodon, Antelope, Bombyx, Carp, Fish gallbladder, Phellinus, Scolopendra, Scorpio, and Zaocys are also known or potential hepatotoxins. For some patients, the clinical course was severe, with risks for acute liver failure, liver transplantation requirement, and lethality. In conclusion, the use of few herbal TCM products may rarely be associated with hepatotoxicity in some

Farmers of Jin county want fewer children.

PubMed

Xiao, M

1986-04-01

The economic reform practiced in the vast rural areas in China gives a great impetus to the vigorous development of rural economy and the the rapid improvement of living standard. Meanwhile, reform pounds at the traditional childbearing ideas. The striking change in the childbearing attitudes of the farmers of the Jin County is a good example. As the farmers of the country are getting well-off when the commodity economy develops rapidly with the rural economic reforms, their childbearing attitudes change. Profound changes have taken place in their mode of production and their life style. The young couples of the county begin to seek small families instead of traditional big ones. They are convinced that under the new situation of reforms, the farmers of an old generation are in no way competent as the head of the family to guide production and therefore want to build their own small families by freeing themselves from the binds of the traditional patriarchal system. The increase in the cost of bringing up children and the economic loss resulting from the absence from work for looking after children constitute another reason to prefer a small family. The son is no more the only economic guarantee for the aged. As a result of the rapid development of the rural economy, a retirement system has been established among the farmers of the Jin county. "It is unreliable to expect that the son will support his aged parents. Now it is better to earn more money and the collective can be depended upon by the aged."

THE LU ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF ACHONDRITES: CLOSING THE CASE FOR ACCELERATED DECAY OF {sup 176}LU

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wimpenny, Josh; Yin, Qing-zhu; Amelin, Yuri, E-mail: jbwimpenny@ucdavis.edu

Studies of Lu–Hf isotope systematics in meteorites have produced apparent “ages” that are older than Pb–Pb ages and older than the estimated age of our solar system. One proposed explanation for this discrepancy is that irradiation by cosmic rays caused excitation of {sup 176}Lu to its short-lived isomer that then underwent rapid decay to {sup 176}Hf. This explanation can account for apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf that correlate with Lu/Hf ratio. Mass balance requires that samples with measurable excess in {sup 176}Hf should also have measurable deficiencies in {sup 176}Lu on the order of 1‰–3‰. To unambiguously test the acceleratedmore » decay hypothesis, we have measured the {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio in terrestrial materials and achondrites to search for evidence of depletion in {sup 176}Lu. To a precision of 0.1‰ terrestrial standards, cumulate and basaltic eucrites and angrites all have the same {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio. Barring a subsequent mass-dependent fractionation event, these results suggest that the apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf are not caused by accelerated decay of {sup 176}Lu, and so another hypothesis is required to explain apparently old Lu–Hf ages.« less

Epitaxial Growth of LuAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce,Pr Films and Their Scintillation Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Douissard, Paul-Antoine; Martin, Thierry; Riva, Federica; Zorenko, Yuriy; Zorenko, Tetiana; Paprocki, Kazimierz; Fedorov, Alexander; Bilski, Pawel; Twardak, Anna

2016-06-01

We performed the growth by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) of Ce and Ce-Pr doped Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) Single Crystalline Films (SCFs) onto LuAG and Y3Al5O12 (YAG) substrates. The structural properties of LuAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce,Pr SCFs were examined by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the SCFs were studied through cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra, scintillation Light Yield (LY), decay kinetic under α-particle (Pu239) excitation, X-ray excited luminescence, thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) and afterglow measurements. The SCFs grown on LuAG substrates displayed good surface quality and structural perfection, whereas the SCFs grown on YAG substrates showed a rough surface and poorer crystalline quality, due to a large lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate (0.82%). Under α-particle excitation, the LY of LuAG:Ce SCF exceeded by 2 times that of the best YAG:Ce SCF sample used as reference. Under X-ray excitation, the LuAG:Ce SCF with optimized Ce concentration showed LY close (77%) to a reference YAG:Ce Single Crystal (SC) scintillator. The afterglow of LuAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce,Pr SCFs was lower (by 1 decade) than that of the tested reference LuAG:Ce SC. However there is not a complete suppression of the afterglow at room temperature (RT), despite the fact that the SCFs present much lower concentration of antisite and vacancy type defects than their SC counterparts. This can be explained by the presence in the films of other trap centers responsible for TSL above RT.

[Textual research on Chen Ye and his Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes) of the Song Dynasty].

PubMed

Zhang, Xuedan; Zhang, Ruqing; Chen, Dexing

2014-01-01

Chen Ye, an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as Chen Rihua as his styled name, was born in Changle, Fuzhou in the reign of Shaoxing, and died during the reign of Duanping. He had been consecutively in the positions of Jiang shi lang (Court Gentleman for Ceremonial Service), Zhi zhou (Prefect) of Lingding, the Ti xing (Judicial Commissioner) of Guangdong, the Zong ling (Overseer-general) of Sichuan, Shan ding (Reviser), Shu lin and other positions in Tongzhou, Yuanzhou. His works included 1 volume of Gu ling xian sheng nian pu (Mr. Guling's Chronological Biography), 1 volume of Tan xie (On Humor), 1 volume of Shi hua (Poetry), 8 volumes of Jin yuan li shu (Jin Yuan's Smart Technique), 3 volumes of Yi jian zhi lei bian (Classified Compilation of Yijian's Annals), (Zeng guang) Suo sui lu (Augmented Records of Trivial Matters), 5 volumes of Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes). He also compiled the 8-volume Yin jiang zhi (Yinjiang's Annals), published the 2-volume Jia cang ji yao fang (Collected Essential Recipes from Family Preservation), and other proses and poetry. Jia cang jing yan fang was a formulary compiled by Chen Ye, which was lost. Altogether 74 of its recipes were cited in Fu ren da quan liang fang (Complete Effective Prescriptions for Women's Diseases), Shou qin yang lao shu (A Book for Pursuing Seniors' Longevity and Healthcare), Pu ji fang (Prescriptions for Universal Relief) and Yong le da dian (Yongle Encyclopedia).

[A brief investigation on Gu Dehua, a female healer from Wuzhong in the Qing Dynasty].

PubMed

Lin, Z K; Song, W J

2016-09-28

The female healer is a special community in traditional Chinese medical professionals. Since the Song-Yuan Dynasties, although the literati class holding the social voices and the male healers acting as medical orthodoxy were always suspicious of the female healers' behaviors and their medical morality, and tarnished their images through all kinds of media. Meanwhile, the female healers were still badly needed on the account of recognition of distinction between sexes between both sexes due to the rising of neo-Confucianism. An excellent female healer could still earn wide respect from the society. Gu Dehua was a famous female healer from Wuzhong in the Qing Dynasty's Daoguang-Xianfeng period. By investigating Gu Delua's family conditions, deeds and works, and her career, the community of the female healers in the Ming-Qing Dynasties can be thus understood.

Quaternary Deformation Constrained by River Terraces across the Longmen Shan Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, S.; Jiang, D., Sr.; Ding, R.; Li, W.; Gomez, F. G.

2017-12-01

The Longmen Shan is known for both the steep topography and the absence of Cenozoic foreland deposition. The 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake, which ruptured the thrust faults along the range front, inspires vigorous debates about topography origin and seismic hazard. Two end-member models, crustal shortening and lower crustal flow, have been proposed. However, both of them need further verification. The Minjiang river and the Qingyijiang river run through the middle and the southern Longmen Shan respectively, which make it possible to study the strain distribution by relict river terraces. Longitudinal profiles of river terraces were restored by detailed field survey, high-precision measurement, sediment dating and chemical analyses. Deformed fluvial terraces shows that most thrust faults are active in the late Quaternary, and crust shortening dominates the fold-and-thrust belt, but the strain distributions are quite different between the south and north segments. In the north, thrust slips are mainly accommodated along the range front, the crustal shortening rate is 1.4 to 2.0 mm/yr, and only 25% of crust shortening are absorbed by the foreland. In the south, thrust slips are distributed among the thrust belt, the crustal shortening rate is 2.9 to 4.6mm/yr, and up to 83% of crustal shortening are absorbed by the foreland. Compared with other margins of the Tibetan Plateau, the Longmen Shan has much narrower thrust belt and nappe. The Himalayas, the Karakoram and the Qilian Shan thrust nappes are about 3 to 5 times wider than the Longmen Shan. However, all of these belts have comparable elevations above their foreland, respectively. Comparable altitude difference distributed across a narrow belt makes a greater topographic relief in the Longmen Shan, where narrow thrust nappe exerts less tectonic loading on the footwall which doesn't favor the formation of foreland basin. Our research results favor the model of crustal shortening, and reveal that all basement

Absorbed dose assessment of 177Lu-zoledronate and 177Lu-EDTMP for human based on biodistribution data in rats

PubMed Central

Yousefnia, Hassan; Zolghadri, Samaneh; Jalilian, Amir Reza

2015-01-01

Over the past few decades, several bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals including various bisphosphonate ligands and β-emitting radionuclides have been developed for bone pain palliation. Recently, 177Lu was successfully labeled with zoledronic acid (177Lu-ZLD) as a new generation potential bisphosphonate and demonstrated significant accumulation in bone tissue. In this work, the absorbed dose to each organ of human for 177Lu-ZLD and 177Lu-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (177Lu-EDTMP;as the only clinically bone pain palliation agent) was investigated based on biodistribution data in rats by medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIRD) method. 177Lu-ZLD and 177Lu-EDTMP were prepared in high radiochemical purity (>99%, instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC)) at the optimized condition. The biodistribution of the complexes demonstrated fast blood clearance and major accumulation in the bone tissue. The highest absorbed dose for both 177Lu-ZLD and 177Lu-EDTMP is observed in trabecular bone surface with 12.173 and 10.019 mSv/MBq, respectively. The results showed that 177Lu-ZLD has better characteristics compared to 177Lu-EDTMP and can be a good candidate for bone pain palliation. PMID:26170557

Heterogeneities of the shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of East Tien Shan and their relationship with seismicity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopnichev, Yu. F.; Sokolova, I. N.

2012-02-01

The shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of Eastern Tien Shan has been mapped. The method based on analysis of the ratio between amplitudes of Sn and Pn waves was used. On aggregate, about 120 seismograms made at the Makanchi station (MKAR), mainly in the period of 2003-2009, at epicentral distances of about 350-1200 km were analyzed. It was found that shear wave attenuation in the lithosphere of Eastern Tien Shan is weaker than that in the region of Central Tien Shan. This agrees with the fact that the rate of deformation of the Earth's crust in Eastern Tien Shan is lower (based on GPS data), as is the seismicity level, in comparison to Central Tien Shan. The zones of high attenuation, where strong earthquakes with M > 7.0 have not occurred for the last 200 years, have been identified: first of all, these are the area west of Urumqi and that of the Lop Nur test site. It is suggested that in the first zone, where an annular seismicity structure has formed over the last 30 years, a strong earthquake may be being prepared. The second zone is most probably related to the uplift of mantle fluids resulting from a long-term intensive technogenic effect, analogous to what has occurred in areas of other nuclear test sites (Nevada and Semipalatinsk).

The MueLu Tutorial

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Jonathan Joseph; Wiesner, Tobias A.; Prokopenko, Andrey

2014-10-01

The MueLu tutorial is written as a hands-on tutorial for MueLu, the next generation multigrid framework in Trilinos. It covers the whole spectrum from absolute beginners’ topics to expert level. Since the focus of this tutorial is on practical and technical aspects of multigrid methods in general and MueLu in particular, the reader is expected to have a basic understanding of multigrid methods and its general underlying concepts. Please refer to multigrid textbooks (e.g. [1]) for the theoretical background.

Time-dependent transcriptional response of GOT1 human small intestine neuroendocrine tumor after 177Lu[Lu]-octreotate therapy.

PubMed

Spetz, Johan; Rudqvist, Nils; Langen, Britta; Parris, Toshima Z; Dalmo, Johanna; Schüler, Emil; Wängberg, Bo; Nilsson, Ola; Helou, Khalil; Forssell-Aronsson, Eva

2018-05-01

Patients with neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors are often treated with 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate. Despite being highly effective in animal models, 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate-based therapies in the clinical setting can be optimized further. The aims of the study were to identify and elucidate possible optimization venues for 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate tumor therapy by characterizing transcriptional responses in the GOT1 small intestine neuroendocrine tumor model in nude mice. GOT1-bearing female BALB/c nude mice were intravenously injected with 15 MBq 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate (non-curative amount) or mock-treated with saline solution. Animals were killed 1, 3, 7 or 41 d after injection. Total RNA was extracted from the tumor samples and profiled using Illumina microarray expression analysis. Differentially expressed genes were identified (treated vs. control) and pathway analysis was performed. Distribution of differentially expressed transcripts indicated a time-dependent treatment response in GOT1 tumors after 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate administration. Regulation of CDKN1A, BCAT1 and PAM at 1 d after injection was compatible with growth arrest as the initial response to treatment. Upregulation of APOE and BAX at 3 d, and ADORA2A, BNIP3, BNIP3L and HSPB1 at 41 d after injection suggests first activation and then inhibition of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway during tumor regression and regrowth, respectively. Transcriptional analysis showed radiation-induced apoptosis as an early response after 177 Lu[Lu]-octreotate administration, followed by pro-survival transcriptional changes in the tumor during the regrowth phase. Time-dependent changes in cell cycle and apoptosis-related processes suggest different time points after radionuclide therapy when tumor cells may be more susceptible to additional treatment, highlighting the importance of timing when administering multiple therapeutic agents. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All

Constraining the Distribution of Vertical Slip on the South Heli Shan Fault (Northeastern Tibet) From High-Resolution Topographic Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bi, Haiyun; Zheng, Wenjun; Ge, Weipeng; Zhang, Peizhen; Zeng, Jiangyuan; Yu, Jingxing

2018-03-01

Reconstruction of the along-fault slip distribution provides an insight into the long-term rupture patterns of a fault, thereby enabling more accurate assessment of its future behavior. The increasing wealth of high-resolution topographic data, such as Light Detection and Ranging and photogrammetric digital elevation models, allows us to better constrain the slip distribution, thus greatly improving our understanding of fault behavior. The South Heli Shan Fault is a major active fault on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we built a 2 m resolution digital elevation model of the South Heli Shan Fault based on high-resolution GeoEye-1 stereo satellite imagery and then measured 302 vertical displacements along the fault, which increased the measurement density of previous field surveys by a factor of nearly 5. The cumulative displacements show an asymmetric distribution along the fault, comprising three major segments. An increasing trend from west to east indicates that the fault has likely propagated westward over its lifetime. The topographic relief of Heli Shan shows an asymmetry similar to the measured cumulative slip distribution, suggesting that the uplift of Heli Shan may result mainly from the long-term activity of the South Heli Shan Fault. Furthermore, the cumulative displacements divide into discrete clusters along the fault, indicating that the fault has ruptured in several large earthquakes. By constraining the slip-length distribution of each rupture, we found that the events do not support a characteristic recurrence model for the fault.

Reciever Function Transect Across Tibet, Tarim and Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, B.; Levin, V. L.; Huang, G.; Roecker, S. W.; Wang, H.

2010-12-01

We investigate the region of the ongoing collision between the India and Eurasia tectonic plates that results in widespread deformation of the continental lithosphere. Over the past decade, numerous regional studies were conducted between the Himalaya and the Tien Shan mountains, each illuminating a small part of the area. We combine the data from a number of portable and permanent networks to construct a ~1800 km long profile of lithospheric properties that cross three very different tectonic domains: the Tibetan plateau, the Tarim basin, and the Tien Shan mountains. We use data from 60 stations operated in the region by US, Chinese and French researchers. We use records of distant earthquakes to construct receiver function gathers for each station. The uniformity of processing ensures that our results are comparable along the transect. We examine receiver function gathers at each site, and rank their quality on the basis of number of records, noise levels, and directional stability of the wavefield. We select 27 sites with high-quality data. For these we construct average receiver function traces using data in the 60-85 degree range, and use them as a guide to the lithospheric layering beneath the region. On most receiver functions we constructed the most prominent feature is a positive phase likely associated with the crust-mantle transition. The timing of this phase varies significantly over the length of the profile. Beneath the Tibetan plateau delay times ~7-8 s are seen close to the Himalayas, and nearly 10 s delays are found further north. Delays of 6 to 8 s are seen beneath sites in the Tarim basin and the Tien Shan mountains, and nearly 10 s delays are seen at the border between them. In addition to the pulse associated with the crust-mantle transition we see other locally-consistent features, for example a negative phase with delay values between 3 and 5 s beneath much of the Tibetan plateau.

Expedition 7 Crew Interview: Ed Lu

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Ed Lu of Expedition Seven is seen during a pre-launch interview. He explains why he became interested in space flight. He states that this is a different type of mission and gives his reaction to the Columbia Space Shuttle tragedy. The handover of Expedition six is explained by Ed Lu. The challenges of this mission are also described by Lu. These challenges include working with a crew member reduction from three to two, and the conservation of clothing and consumables. Ed Lu talks about what it is like to work with commander Yuri Malenchenko in space. Finally, Ed Lu states that he will continue scientific experiments in space on calcium loss in bones.

A Life Cycle Assessment Framework for Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Technologies : or An Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Framework for Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-02-01

Qing Lu (ORCID ID 0000-0002-9120-9218) Given a huge amount of annual investment and large inputs of energy and natural resources in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities, significant environmental improvement and budget saving can ...

Blood clearance and occupational exposure for 177Lu-DOTATATE compared to 177Lu-PSMA radionuclide therapy.

PubMed

Abuqbeitah, Mohammad; Demir, Mustafa; Uslu-Beşli, Lebriz; Yeyin, Nami; Sönmezoğlu, Kerim

2018-03-01

The main target of this work is to examine blood clearance and external exposure for 177 Lu-DOTATATE compared with new emerging 177 Lu-PSMA therapy. Blood clearance and radiation exposure of 31 patients treated with 5.5 ± 1.1 GBq 177 Lu-DOTATATE were compared to those of 23 patients treated with 7.4 GBq 177 Lu-PSMA. Dose rates were measured at several distances and time points up to 120 h after treatment. Blood samples were collected conjunctively after infusion. Caregiver's cumulative dose was measured by means of an OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dosimeter for 4-5 days and medical staff's dose was also estimated using electronic personal dosimeters. Finger dose was determined via ring TLD (Thermoluminescence Dosimeter) for radiopharmacists and nurses. Dose rates due to 177 Lu-DOTATATE at a distance of 1 m, 4 h and 6 h after infusion, were 3.0 ± 2.8 and 2 ± 1.9 µSv/(h GBq), respectively, while those due to 177 Lu-PSMA were 3.1 ± 0.8 and 2.2 ± 0.9 µSv/(h GBq). Total effective dose of 17 caregivers was 100-200 µSv for 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Mean effective doses to nurses and radiopharmacists were 5 and 4 µSv per patient, respectively, while those for physicists and physicians were 2 µSv per patient. For 177 Lu-DOTATATE, effective half-life in blood and early elimination phase were 0.31 ± 0.13 and 4.5 ± 1 h, while they were found as 0.4 ± 0.1 and 5 ± 1 h, respectively, for 177 Lu-PSMA. The first micturition time following 177 Lu-DOTATATE infusion was noted after 36 ± 14 min, while the second and third voiding times were after 74 ± 9 and 128 ± 41 min, respectively. It is concluded that blood clearance and radiation exposure for 177 Lu-DOTATATE are very similar to those for 177 Lu-PSMA, and both treatment modalities are reasonably reliable for outpatient treatment, since the mean dose rate [2.1 µSv/(h GBq)] decreased below the dose rate that allows release of the patient

2016 Summer Series - Jin-Woo Han: Vacuum Electronics in a Nanometer Era

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-07

Modern space vehicles rely on transistors. Radiation tolerance of space electronics is critical for space exploration beyond low Earth orbit. NASA Ames Research Center is investigating ways to overcome this issue using vacuums. Dr. Jin-Woo Han's lecture will present advancements in the use of vacuums to improve radiation immunity in space circuitry.

LuFLA1PRO and LuBGAL1PRO promote gene expression in the phloem fibres of flax (Linum usitatissimum).

PubMed

Hobson, Neil; Deyholos, Michael K

2013-04-01

Cell type-specific promoters were identified that drive gene expression in an industrially important product. To identify flax (Linum usitatissimum) gene promoters, we analyzed the genomic regions upstream of a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (LuFLA1) and a beta-galactosidase (LuBGAL1). Both of these genes encode transcripts that have been found to be highly enriched in tissues bearing phloem fibres. Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct, we found that a 908-bp genomic sequence upstream of LuFLA1 (LuFLA1PRO) directed GUS expression with high specificity to phloem fibres undergoing secondary cell wall development. The DNA sequence upstream of LuBGAL1 (LuBGAL1PRO) likewise produced GUS staining in phloem fibres with developing secondary walls, as well as in tissues of developing flowers and seed bolls. These data provide further evidence of a specific role for LuFLA1 in phloem fibre development, and demonstrate the utility of LuFLA1PRO and LuBGAL1PRO as tools for biotechnology and further investigations of phloem fibre development.

[National physician master Jin Shiyuan's dispensing technology of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata based on Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought].

PubMed

Yuan, Yi-Ping; Zhai, Hua-Qiang; Guo, Zhao-Juan; Zhang, Tian; Kong, Li-Ting; Jia, Xiao-Yu; Tian, Wei-Lan; Li, Rui

2016-05-01

To collect Li Shizhen's experience in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata identification and clinical application, compare and analyze national physician master Jin Shiyuan's practical operation and theoretical knowledge, which is beneficial for the inheritance and improvement of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were searched with "Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata", "Li Shizhen", "pharmacological method state theory" "Jin Shiyuan" and "Chinese medicine dispensing technology" as the key words. In addition, Treatise on Febrile Disease, Compendium of Materia Medica, Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), Notes to Medical Professions(Yi Zong Shuo Yue), and other medicine books were accessed to summarize the processing methods and decoction dosage of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in both ancient and modern medicine, and in consideration of technical research and practice operation, Li Shizhen's description of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Professor Jin Shiyuan's research on Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata dispensing technology were analyzed and collected. Li Shizhen recorded the nature identification and clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by using pharmacological method state theory in Compendium of Materia Medica. National physician master Jin Shiyuan carries forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Professor. Jin Shiyuan put forward the dispensing technology for the first time, including nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, clinical decocting technology, prescription coping technology, and class specifications of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. In this paper, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was used as an example

GPS survey of the western Tien Shan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Molnar, Peter H.

1994-01-01

This report summarizes the background, field work, data collection and analysis, and future plans associated with a collaborative GPS experiment in the Tien Shan of the former Soviet Union. This project involves the amalgamation of two, separately funded projects, which were proposed separately by PIs Hamburger and Reilinger (NSF number EAR-9115159 and NASA number NAG5-1941) and Molnar and Hager (NSF number EAR9117889 and NASA number NAG5-1947). In addition, the work is being conducted under the auspices of the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection, with support from the United States Geological Survey.

Estimated human absorbed dose of ¹⁷⁷Lu-BPAMD based on mice data: Comparison with ¹⁷⁷Lu-EDTMP.

PubMed

Yousefnia, Hassan; Zolghadri, Samaneh; Shanehsazzadeh, Saeed

2015-10-01

In this work, the absorbed dose of human organs for (177)Lu-BPAMD was evaluated based on biodistribution studies into the Syrian mice by RADAR method and was compared with (177)Lu-EDTMP as the only clinically used Lu-177 bone-seeking agent. The highest absorbed dose for both (177)Lu-BPAMD and (177)Lu-EDTMP is observed on the bone surface with 8.007 and 4.802 mSv/MBq. Generally, (177)Lu-BPAMD has considerable characteristics compared with (177)Lu-EDTMP and can be considered as a promising agent for the bone pain palliation therapy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leloup, Philippe Hervé; Lacassin, Robin; Tapponnier, Paul; Schärer, Urs; Zhong, Dalai; Liu, Xiaohan; Zhang, Liangshang; Ji, Shaocheng; Trinh, Phan Trong

1995-12-01

The Red River Fault zone (RRF) is the major geological discontinuity that separates South China from Indochina. Today it corresponds to a great right-lateral fault, following for over 900 km the edges of four narrow (< 20 km wide) high-grade gneiss ranges that together form the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) metamorphic belt: the Day Nui Con Voi in Vietnam, and the Ailao, Diancang and Xuelong Shan in Yunnan. The Ailao Shan, the longest of those ranges, is fringed to the south by a strip of low-grade schists that contain ultramafic bodies. The ASRR belt has thus commonly been viewed as a suture. A detailed study of the Ailao and Diancang Shan shows that the gneiss cores of the ranges are composed of strongly foliated and lineated mylonitic gneisses. The foliation is usually steep and the lineation nearly horizontal, both being almost parallel to the local trend of the gneissic cores. Numerous shear criteria, including asymmetric tails on porphyroclasts, C-S or C'-S structures, rolling structures, asymmetric foliation boudinage and asymmetric quartz axis fabrics, indicate that the gneisses have undergone intense, progressive left-lateral shear. P-T studies show that left-lateral strain occurred under amphibolite-facies conditions (3-7 kb and 550-780°C). In both ranges high-temperature shear was coeval with emplacement of leucocratic melts. Such deformed melts yield {U}/{Pb} ages between 22.4 and 26.3 Ma in the Ailao Shan and between 22.4 and 24.2 Ma in the Diancang Shan, implying shear in the Lower Miocene. The mylonites in either range rapidly cooled to ≈ 300°C between 22 and 17 Ma, before the end of left-lateral motion. The similarity of deformation kinematics, P-T conditions, and crystallization ages in the aligned Ailao and Diancang Shan metamorphic cores, indicate that they represent two segments of the same Tertiary shear zone, the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone. Our results thus confirm the idea that the ASRR belt was the site of major left

Decrease of blood lipids induced by Shan-Zha (fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida) is mainly related to an increase of PPARα in liver of mice fed high-fat diet.

PubMed

Niu, C- S; Chen, C- T; Chen, L- J; Cheng, K- C; Yeh, C- H; Cheng, J- T

2011-08-01

Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Agents for the treatment of hyperlipidemia are well-developed in the clinic while PPARα is a target for lipid-lowering agents. Shan-Zha (Crataegus pinnatifida) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to increase digestion. Also, Shan-Zha fruit extract showed merit to improve obesity and hyperlipidemia in hamsters; however, the mechanism remained obscure. In the present study, hypertriglycemia and hypercholesterolemia were induced by high fat diet in C57BL/6 J male mice. Then, they were orally administered with Shan-Zha fruit extract at an effective dose of 250 mg/kg for 7 days. The liver was removed to estimate the expressions of PPARα and β-oxidation-related enzyme. Oral intake of Shan-Zha extract significantly improved hyperlipidemia in high fat diet-fed mice with an increase of PPARα expression in liver. Also, expression of PPARα-regulated β-oxidation-related enzymes was raised in liver by Shan-Zha extract. However, adipose tissue and others were not modified by this treatment of Shan-Zha fruit extract. Thus, Shan-Zha can increase the expression of PPARα to facilitate β-oxidation-related enzymes in liver for lipid degradation and blood lipid decrement. Also, this is the first report showing Shan-Zha fruit extract can influence liver to lower hyperlipidemia prior to the action in adipose tissue. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

The second-phase development of the China JinPing underground laboratory

DOE PAGES

Li, Jianmin; Ji, Xiangdong; Haxton, Wick; ...

2015-03-24

During 2013-2015 an expansion of the China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL) will be undertaken along a main branch of a bypass tunnel in the JinPing tunnel complex. This second phase of CJPL will increase laboratory space to approximately 96,000 m³, which can be compared to the existing CJPL-I volume of ~ 4,000 m³. One design configuration has eight additional hall spaces, each over 60 m long and approximately 12 m in width, with overburdens of about 2.4 km of rock, oriented parallel to and away from the main water transport and auto traffic tunnels. There are additional possibilities for furthermore » expansions at a nearby second bypass tunnel and along the entrance and exit branches of both bypass tunnels, potentially leading to an expanded CJPL comparable in size to Gran Sasso. Concurrent with the excavation activities, planning is underway for dark matter and other rare-event detectors, as well as for geophysics/engineering and other coupled multi-disciplinary sensors. In the town meeting on 8 September, 2013 at Asilomar, CA, associated with the 13 th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP), presentations and panel discussions addressed plans for one-ton expansions of the current CJPL germanium detector array of the China Darkmatter EXperiment (CDEX) collaboration and of the duel-phase xenon detector of the Panda-X collaboration, as well as possible new detector initiatives for dark matter studies, low-energy solar neutrino detection, neutrinoless double beta searches, and geoneutrinos. JinPing was also discussed as a site for a low-energy nuclear astrophysics accelerator. Geophysics/engineering opportunities include acoustic and micro-seismic monitoring of rock bursts during and after excavation, coupled-process in situ measurements, local, regional, and global monitoring of seismically induced radon emission, and electromagnetic signals. Additional ideas and projects will likely be developed in the next few

Using slope-area and apatite fission track analysis to decipher the rock uplift pattern of the Yumu Shan: New insights into the growth of the NE Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yizhou; Zheng, Dewen; Pang, Jianzhang; Zhang, Huiping; Wang, Weitao; Yu, Jingxing; Zhang, Zhuqi; Zheng, Wenjun; Zhang, Peizhen; Li, Youjuan

2018-05-01

Studies have shown that the growth of the Qilian Shan, the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, started 10 Ma ago. However, when and how it expanded northwards is still under debate. Here we focus on the rock uplift pattern of the Yumu Shan, an active fault-related fold in the Hexi Corridor north to the Qilian Shan. Normalized channel steepness achieved from the analysis of river longitudinal profiles shows a spatially variant rock uplift pattern, with higher rates in the middle part and lower rates towards the west and east tips. The compression of the mountain is typically accommodated by fault-fold related shortening and vertical thickening. Apatite fission track thermochronology reveals that the growth of the Yumu Shan started 4 Ma ago, similar to the work on active tectonics. Combining the onset ages of the growth of the Qilian Shan (10 Ma), Laojunmiao anticline (3-4 Ma), Baiyanghe anticline (3-4 Ma), Wenshu Shan (4.5 Ma) and Heli Shan (2 Ma), we draw an conclusion that the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau initiated growth in the mid-Miocene and expanded to the Hexi Corridor and to the south of the Alxa block in the early Pleistocene.

Sparsity Aware Adaptive Radar Sensor Imaging in Complex Scattering Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-15

while meeting the requirement on the peak to average power ratio. Third, we study impact of waveform encoding on nonlinear electromagnetic tomographic...Enyue Lu. Time Domain Electromagnetic Tomography Using Propagation and Backpropagation Method, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing...Received Paper 3.00 4.00 Yuanwei Jin, Chengdon Dong, Enyue Lu. Waveform Encoding for Nonlinear Electromagnetic Tomographic Imaging, IEEE Global

Study on embodied CO2 transfer between the Jing-Jin-Ji region and other regions in China: a quantification using an interregional input-output model.

PubMed

Chen, Mengmeng; Wu, Sanmang; Lei, Yalin; Li, Shantong

2018-05-01

Jing-Jin-Ji region (i.e., Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei) is China's key development region, but it is also the leading and most serious air pollution region in China. High fossil fuel consumption is the major source of both carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and air pollutants. Therefore, it is important to reveal the source of CO 2 emissions to control the air pollution in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. In this study, an interregional input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the embodied CO 2 transfer between Jing-Jin-Ji region and other region in China using China's interregional input-output data in 2010. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the production-based CO 2 emissions in China, and furthermore, the Jing-Jin-Ji region and its surrounding regions were the main regions of the production-based CO 2 emissions in China. Hebei Province exported a large amount of embodied CO 2 to meet the investment, consumption, and export demands of Beijing and Tianjin. The Jing-Jin-Ji regions exported a great deal of embodied CO 2 to the coastal provinces of southeast China and imported it from neighboring provinces.

Interprovincial transfer of embodied energy between the Jing-Jin-Ji area and other provinces in China: A quantification using interprovincial input-output model.

PubMed

Chen, Weiming; Wu, Sanmang; Lei, Yalin; Li, Shantong

2017-04-15

Commodity trade between regions implies a large amount of energy transfer. As an important economic growth pole of China, the Jing-Jin-Ji area (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) is also one of the areas with the largest energy consumption in China. Moreover, the primary energy consumer goods in this area are fossil fuels, such as coal. This has led to serious air pollution in the area. Therefore, the reduction of energy consumption under the premise of maintaining sustained economic growth is an important task of the Jing-Jin-Ji area. In this study, an interprovincial input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the embodied energy transfer between Jing-Jin-Ji area and other provinces in China. The results indicated that the Metal and nonmetal mineral processing industry and the Electrical, gas and water industry in the Jing-Jin-Ji area exported a large amount of embodied energy to the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. However, the embodied energy export of the Jing-Jin-Ji area mainly exported by Hebei province. Beijing and Tianjin even have some net import of embodied energy. The embodied energy transfer between Tianjin, Hebei and other provinces was mainly driven by investment, while the main media of embodied energy transfer between Beijing and other provinces was consumption. Therefore, we suggest that the Jing-Jin-Ji area should further increase the degree of dependence on other provinces' energy-intensive products and reduce the export of energy-intensive products. In addition, there should be difference in the energy and industrial policies among Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the problems of high energy consumption and high proportion of heavy industry in Hebei should be first resolved. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New insights into Late Quaternary slip rate of the thrust fault zone, northern margin of the Qilian Shan, NE Tibet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hai-bo, Y.; Yang, X., Sr.; LI, A.; Huang, X.; Huang, W.

2017-12-01

The India-Eurasian plate collision caused widespread Cenozoic crustal deformation within the Tibetan Plateau and on its margins. Ongoing post-collisional convergence formed multi-row NWW-trending folded mountain ranges and basins pattern in the northeastern Tibet. Late Quaternary tectonic deformation and quantitative slip rate estimates around the Qilian Shan and the Hexi corridor foreland basin are critical to understanding crustal deformation process of the Tibetan plateau and assessing regional seismic hazards. The Fodongmo-Hongyazi fault (FHF) is a major thrust at the Northeastern Tibet, bounding the Qilian Shan. It is accommodating the crustal shortening across this region and has produced strong historical earthquake. Until now the slip rate has been poorly constrained limiting our understanding of its role in the accommodation of deformation across this region. In this work, faulted terraces at the Hongshuiba River and Fengle River sites on the western and middle segments of the FHF were mapped with satellite imagery and field observations. Chronological constraints are placed on the ages of displaced river terraces at these sites using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure dating. These ages combined with offsets measured from SPOT 6 DEM's yield average vertical slip rates of 1.3±0.1mm/yr for the western segment since 207 ka and 0.9±0.1 mm/yr since 46 ka for the middle segment. These data suggest that the FHF accommodates 15-20% of the total shortening across the Qilian Shan (5.5-7 mm/yr). In addition, comparisons of our data with published slip rates along the Northern Qilian Thrust Fault Zone show that the fastest tectonic uplift occurs along the western portion of the Northern Qilian Shan. This is consistent with estimates deduced from geomorphology. The western portion of the Qilian Shan is mainly controlled by compressional deformation produced by the northward movement of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, while the eastern Qilian Shan is

Prospects of medium specific activity (177) Lu in targeted therapy of prostate cancer using (177) Lu-labeled PSMA inhibitor.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Sudipta; Chakravarty, Rubel; Shetty, Priyalata; Vimalnath, K V; Sen, Ishita B; Dash, Ashutosh

2016-07-01

Targeted radionuclide therapy using (177) Lu-labeled peptidomimetic inhibitor of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) viz. PSMA-617 is emerging as one the most effective strategies for management of metastatic prostate cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer related death. The aim of the present study is to develop a robust and easily adaptable protocol for formulation of therapeutic dose of (177) Lu-PSMA-617 at hospital radiopharmacy using moderate specific activity (177) Lu available at an affordable cost. Extensive radiochemical studies were performed to optimize the required [PSMA-617] / [Lu] ratio and other parameters to formulate 7.4 GBq dose of (177) Lu-PSMA-617. Based on these, 7.4 GBq therapeutic dose of (177) Lu-PSMA-617 was formulated by incubating 160 µg of PSMA-617 with indigenously produced (177) LuCl3 (555 GBq/µg specific activity of (177) Lu) at 90 °C for 30 min. The radiochemical purity of the formulation was 98.3 ± 0.6% (n = 7) which was retained to the extent of >95% after 7 d in normal saline at room temperature and >96% after 2 d in human serum at 37 °C. Preliminary clinical studies showed specific targeting of the agent in the lesion sites and similar physiological distribution as in diagnostic (68) Ga-PSMA-11 PET scans performed earlier. The developed optimized protocol for formulating therapeutic dose of (177) Lu-PSMA-617 could be useful for large number of nuclear medicine therapy clinics across the world having access to moderate specific activity (177) Lu at an affordable cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Geological development and Phanerozoic crustal accretion in the western segment of the southern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brookfield, M. E.

2000-12-01

The Tien Shan form a high intracontinental mountain belt, lying north of the main India-Asia collision mountains, and consist of re-activated Paleozoic orogens. The western segment of the southern Tien Shan lies northwest of the Pamir and west of the Talas-Fergana fault. The stratigraphy, lithology, igneous and metamorphic petrology and geochemistry of this segment indicate that it was formed by the assembly of Lower Paleozoic arcs which developed into microcontinents with Upper Paleozoic mature shelf and slope clastic and carbonate sediments. Precambrian continental crust is confined to two small blocks along its southern margin. The bulk of the southern Tien Shan consists of ?Vendian to Silurian oceanic and slope clastic rocks, resting on oceanic lithosphere, and overlain by thick passive margin Devonian to mid-Carboniferous mature shelf clastics and carbonates. These are unconformably overlain by syn- and post-orogenic immature clastic sediments derived from mountains on the north formed by closure of a Carboniferus southern Tajik and a northern Vendian to Carboniferous Turkestan ocean with the southern Tien Shan microcontinent sandwiched between. Associated with these collisions are late Carboniferous to Permian intrusives, which form three south to north (though overlapping) suites; a southern calc-alkaline granodiorite-granite suite, an intermediate gabbro-monzodiorite-granite suite, and a northern alkaline monzodiorite-granite-alaskite suite. The gabbro-monzodiorite-granite suite forms the earliest subduction-related magmatism of the southern Tien Shan: rare earth element patterns are consistent with derivation from a primitive or slightly enriched mantle. The other suites show more crustal contamination. Rb and Sr vary with depth and degree of partial melting and are consistent with progressive involvement of crustal material in partial melts during collision. The gradual change in composition within each complex, lasting in some cases from 295 to 250 Ma

The characteristics of abnormal wintertime pollution events in the Jing-Jin-Ji region and its relationships with meteorological factors.

PubMed

Zhu, Wenhui; Xu, Xiangde; Zheng, Jun; Yan, Peng; Wang, Yinjun; Cai, Wenyue

2018-06-01

Despite the implementation of strict air pollution control measures in recent years, severe haze events were still encountered in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region during the winter 2016. In this work, seasonal differences in correlations between air pollution and geographic terrain, atmospheric dynamical and thermal structures, and PBL height over the Jing-Jin-Ji region in history and recent years were investigated and a comprehensive model of atmospheric factors affecting winter air pollution formation was proposed. We found that the distribution of PM 2.5 concentration closely correlated with the topography feature of China and the difference in haze pollution intensity between winter and other seasons was the most significant in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. The "semi-enclosed" terrain along with the enhanced winter "downdraft" strongly inhibited the diffusion and convection of air pollutants in this region. Meanwhile, seasonal variations of the vertical thermal structure over the Jing-Jin-Ji region, i.e., the anomalous pattern of "upper warming and bottom cooling" structure in the middle troposphere, and the "weak wind zone" were more distinct in winter 2016 than historical record, providing an important precondition for the frequent occurrence of thermal inversion layers and severe pollution episodes in the lower troposphere. In addition, abnormally low PBL heights occurred in the Jing-Jin-Ji region during severe pollutant episodes in winter 2016, with mean postmeridian PBL height in December of only 869.4 m, the minimum value since 2013. PM 2.5 concentration was not only closely related to PBL height but also the "warm cover" structure in the middle troposphere. The stronger the structure was, the lower the PBL height became, and severer the pollution event was encountered, accompanying water vapor accumulation and intensification of the thermal inversion layer in the lower troposphere. All above observations revealed the mutual feedback

Quantifying 10Be-derived Erosion Rates from the Min Shan in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirkpatrick, H.; Moon, S.; Harrison, M.; Yin, A.

2017-12-01

Spatial and temporal variations of long-term erosion rates can provide fundamental insights into the topographic and tectonic development of Eastern Tibet. Previous studies have quantified erosion rates at thousand to million-year-timescales in the central and northern Longmen Shan region with a view of understanding the locally complex tectonic interactions. However, it is still unclear how the magnitude, rate, and style of tectonic deformation vary across the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we examine the erosional history and topographic development of the Min Shan, located north of the Longmen Shan and west of Sichuan basin. Over a distance of 50 km, elevations increase from 500 m in Sichuan Basin to a peak of 5600 m in the west. The eastern portion of our study area is a foreland thrust belt with relatively flat topography, while the western portion contains deformed silicic sedimentary strata with steep slopes and a topographic relief of >2000 m. In this study, we use cosmogenic 10Be from river sands to measure thousand-year-timescale erosion rates of 12 catchments across the Min Shan. We then compare these rates with published million-year-timescale exhumation rates from apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He and apatite and zircon fission track thermochronometers. These data should lead us to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of deformation throughout the eastern Tibetan margin and help discern the relative effects of climate and tectonics in forming Himlayan landscapes.

Fault Slip and GPS Velocities Across the Shan Plateau Define a Curved Southwestward Crustal Motion Around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Xuhua; Wang, Yu; Sieh, Kerry; Weldon, Ray; Feng, Lujia; Chan, Chung-Han; Liu-Zeng, Jing

2018-03-01

Characterizing the 700 km wide system of active faults on the Shan Plateau, southeast of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, is critical to understanding the geodynamics and seismic hazard of the large region that straddles neighboring China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Here we evaluate the fault styles and slip rates over multi-timescales, reanalyze previously published short-term Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities, and evaluate slip-rate gradients to interpret the regional kinematics and geodynamics that drive the crustal motion. Relative to the Sunda plate, GPS velocities across the Shan Plateau define a broad arcuate tongue-like crustal motion with a progressively northwestward increase in sinistral shear over a distance of 700 km followed by a decrease over the final 100 km to the syntaxis. The cumulative GPS slip rate across the entire sinistral-slip fault system on the Shan Plateau is 12 mm/year. Our observations of the fault geometry, slip rates, and arcuate southwesterly directed tongue-like patterns of GPS velocities across the region suggest that the fault kinematics is characterized by a regional southwestward distributed shear across the Shan Plateau, compared to more block-like rotation and indentation north of the Red River fault. The fault geometry, kinematics, and regional GPS velocities are difficult to reconcile with regional bookshelf faulting between the Red River and Sagaing faults or localized lower crustal channel flows beneath this region. The crustal motion and fault kinematics can be driven by a combination of basal traction of a clockwise, southwestward asthenospheric flow around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and gravitation or shear-driven indentation from north of the Shan Plateau.

Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Aizen, V.B.; Aizen, E.M.; Melack, J.M.; Kreutz, K.J.; Cecil, L.D.

2004-01-01

Glacioclimatological research in the central Tien Shan was performed in the summers of 1998 and 1999 on the South Inilchek Glacier at 5100-5460 m. A 14.36 m firn-ice core and snow samples were collected and used for stratigraphic, isotopic, and chemical analyses. The firn-ice core and snow records were related to snow pit measurements at an event scale and to meteorological data and synoptic indices of atmospheric circulation at annual and seasonal scales. Linear relationships between the seasonal air temperature and seasonal isotopic composition in accumulated precipitation were established. Changes in the ??18O air temperature relationship, in major ion concentration and in the ratios between chemical species, were used to identify different sources of moisture and investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Precipitation over the central Tien Shan is characterized by the lowest ionic content among the Tien Shan glaciers and indicates its mainly marine origin. In seasons of minimum precipitation, autumn and winter, water vapor was derived from the and and semiarid regions in central Eurasia and contributed annual maximal solute content to snow accumulation in Tien Shan. The lowest content of major ions was observed in spring and summer layers, which represent maximum seasonal accumulation when moisture originates over the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Black Seas. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.

Properties of Lu3Al5O12, Lu3Al5O12:Pr, Lu3Al5O12:Pr,Mo, and (Lu1-x Y x )3Al5O12:Pr scintillator crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talik, E.; Kusz, J.; Guzik, A.; Szubka, M.; Balin, K.; Kisielewski, J.; Wierzchowski, W.; Malinowska, A.; Strojny-Nedza, A.; Pajaczkowska, A.; Drozdowski, W.

2017-05-01

Lattice parameters, magnetic susceptibility, electronic structure, distribution of the elements and thermal properties were examined for single crystals of Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) and (Lu1-x Y x )3Al5O12 (LuYAG) (x  =  0.25, 0.50, 0.75), either pure or doped with Pr and optionally co-doped with Mo, which are predicted as potential fast and efficient scintillators. It was indicated that specific cage-like surrounding of rare earth and aluminum ions built from oxygen ions and proper doping can influence the thermal conductivity and the emission process. Maximum light emission (LY) was observed at praseodymium concentration about 0.3 at.%. The growth atmosphere (Ar or N2) influences the crystal quality. Additional molybdenum doping below 0.01 at% concentration increases LY.

[Concepts of "urinary bladder" and "vesicles (bao)" , "jin ye" (fluid and humor) and "urine" and other associated issues].

PubMed

Son, J R; Liu, Y; Ma, Q N; Ju, B Z; Sun, K F; Wu, J D; Zhang, L D; Yang, G L

2017-09-28

In the Huang di nei jing ( Huangdi ' s Internal Classic ), jin ye (fluid and humor) is described in two senses, broad and narrow, though not so strictly.Sometimes, jin ye is explained ambiguously as "sweat" and "urine" , as in the phrase "the bladder, being a house of jin ye " , here " jin ye " refers to the urine. In the Qi jue lun pian of Su wen ( Chapter on Qi - Syncope of Plain Questions ) , the " bao " in the sentence "heat of bao moved to bladder" refersto the uterus. In the Shi cong rong lun pian ( Chapter of Readily Inspecting ) of Plain Questions , the "bladder" in the phrase "gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, spleen, bao and bladder" , which, being an annotation of " bao " originally, is mistakenly incorporated into the text of the Classic . In the Wu wei lun of Ling shu ( On Five Tastes in Miraculous Pivot ) , the " bao " in " bao of bladder" refers to the external hou (external manifestation) of the bladder, that is the scrotum. In the Bei ji qian jin yao fang ( Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies ) , the short sentence " pang guang zou bao " is an error in itself. In the sentence of "settled in the bao and zhi causing to dream of defecation and urination" in the Yin xie fa meng (Dreams due to Evils) of Miraculous Pivot , " bao " refers to uterus, and " zhi " to anus. In Bi lun pian ( Chapter on Impediment ) of Plain Questions , "the man suffered bao bimight feel internal pain when the lesser abdomen and bladder are pressed" , here, " bao " refers to the bladder. In the Wu yin wu wei ( Chapter on Five Sound and Five Tastes ) of Miraculous Pivot , the " bao " in the sentence "thoroughfare vessel and conception vessel all starts from bao " , again, " bao " here refers to the bladder, rather than to the uterus. From the above descriptions of "bladder" and " bao " in the Huangdi ' s Internal Classic , the "bladder" in ancient medical books refers to the substantial bladder, an anatomical organ, and " bao

A Primary Study on the Recording Method of Interior Decoration in Qing Dynasty - A Case Study of Interior Decoration of Jingfu Palace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rong, X.; He, B.; Zhuang, L.

2017-08-01

The existing interior decoration of Qing Dynasty is the master of that of each dynasty, with its diversified forms and complicated functions. As early as 1920s, the Rehabilitation Committee of Qing court recorded the interior furnishing in the Forbidden City by using Chinese traditional documentary method. Today, along with the constantly updated techniques, the recording method for the current situation of interior decoration has gradually developed from two-dimensional drawings into digital and comprehensive record. However, the current research results are mostly limited to a single field. This paper takes the digital record and reproduction about the current situation of interior decoration in Jingfu Palace in the Forbidden City as an example. Through the use of photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning, virtual display and other technology and equipment at the forefront of architectural field, it makes qualitative and quantitative record about the interior decoration inside Jingfu Palace. By combing with the interpretation of historical documents, it restores the original design ideas hidden behind the current situation of interior decoration, so as to summarize the best recording and reproducing method of interior decoration of Qing Dynasty.

Method for preparing high specific activity 177Lu

DOEpatents

Mirzadeh, Saed; Du, Miting; Beets, Arnold L.; Knapp, Jr., Furn F.

2004-04-06

A method of separating lutetium from a solution containing Lu and Yb, particularly reactor-produced .sup.177 Lu and .sup.177 Yb, includes the steps of: providing a chromatographic separation apparatus containing LN resin; loading the apparatus with a solution containing Lu and Yb; and eluting the apparatus to chromatographically separate the Lu and the Yb in order to produce high-specific-activity .sup.177 Yb.

Renewable Energy in China: Xiao Qing Dao Village Power Wind/Diesel Hybrid Pilot Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2006-01-01

In 2000, DOE/NREL and the State Power Corporation of China (SPCC) developed a pilot project to electrify Xiao Qing Dao, a small island located in China's Yellow Sea. The project demonstrates the practicality of renewable energy systems for medium-scale, off-grid applications. It consists of four 10 k-W wind turbines connected to a 30-kW diesel generator, a 40-kW inverter and a battery bank.

Ductile and Brittle Neogene Deformation of Late Permian Orthogneiss in the Northern Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone: View from the Xuelong Shan Block

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wintsch, R. P.; Yi, D.; Yi, K.; Wang, Q. F.; Wang, G. H.

2014-12-01

The orthogneisses in the core of the Xuelong Shan block are surrounded by ductile and then brittle fault rocks. This lens-shape block is in fault contact with Triassic marbles on the eastern margin and Jurassic-Cretaceous mudstones on the western margin. The rocks in the core of the Xuelong Shan block contain multiply foliated feldspathic orthogneisses with local amphibolites, largely overprinted by protomylonitic deformation. Foliation strengthens to the east to become mylonites and ultramylonites, with a 30 m wide zone of loosely cemented fault breccia adjacent to brittlely faulted Triassic marbles. In contrast, the rocks to the west are dominated by brittle deformation, with mylonites becoming cataclasites and then breccias facing the mudstones to the east. Well-foliated phyllonites are locally present within the cataclasites. Early S1 gneissosity striking ENE are recognized only in the interior protomylonite. In the east, the dominate mylonitic S2 foliation strikes 340° with a moderate dip to the east, and an L2 mineral stretching lineation plunges gently north. However, in the west S2 cleavage is transposed into a NNW trending schistosity that dips steeply to the ENE, with down-dip mineral stretching lineations. Whole rock chemistry indicates a granitic to granodioritic protolith for all the rocks including the ultramylonites, but also suggests the progressive loss of alkalis with increasing deformation. Trace element compositions show these rocks lie in the volcanic arc/syn-collisional granite field. U-Pb SHRIMP ages show an Early Triassic age for these granite, with possible Middle Permian inheritance in some cores. These ages are consistent with the period of the closure of the northern Paleo-Tethys ocean. Metamorphic rim ages of ~ 30 Ma record a small amount of zircon dissolution/precipitation probably associated with the Oligocene ductile deformation that produced the upper greenschist facies mylonites. These results support the geologic history of the

New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, SE Asia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leloup, P. H.; Arnaud, N.; Lacassin, R.; Kienast, J. R.; Harrison, T. M.; Trong, T. T. Phan; Replumaz, A.; Tapponnier, P.

2001-04-01

New structural, petrographic, and 40Ar/39Ar data constrain the kinematics of the ASRR (Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone). In the XueLong Shan (XLS), geochronological data reveal Triassic, Early Tertiary, and Oligo-Miocene thermal events. The latter event (33-26 Ma) corresponds to cooling during left-lateral shear. In the FanSiPan (FSP) range, thrusting of the SaPa nappe, linked to left-lateral deformation, and cooling of the FSP granite occurred at ≈35 Ma. Rapid cooling resumed at 25-29 Ma as a result of uplift within the transtensive ASRR. In the DayNuiConVoi (DNCV), foliation trends NW-SE, but is deflected near large-scale shear planes. Stretching lineation is nearly horizontal. On steep foliations, shear criteria indicate left-lateral shear sense. Zones with flatter foliations show compatible shear senses. Petrographic data indicate decompression from ≈6.5 kbar during left-lateral shear (temperatures >700°C). 40Ar/39Ar data imply rapid cooling from above 350°C to below 150°C between 25 and 22 Ma without diachronism along strike. Along the whole ASRR cooling histories show two main episodes: (1) rapid cooling from peak metamorphism during left-lateral shear; (2) rapid cooling from greenschist conditions during right-lateral reactivation of the ASRR. In the NW part of the ASRR (XLS, Diancang Shan), we link rapid cooling 1 to local denudations in a transpressive environment. In the SW part (Ailao Shan and DNCV), cooling 1 resulted from regional denudation by zipper-like tectonics in a transtensive regime. The induced cooling diachronism observed in the Ailao Shan suggests left-lateral rates of 4 to 5 cm/yr from 27 Ma until ≈17 Ma. DNCV rocks always stayed in a transtensive regime and do not show cooling diachronism. The similarities of deformation kinematics along the ASRR and in the South China Sea confirms the causal link between continental strike-slip faulting and marginal basin opening.

Late night activity regarding stroke codes: LuNAR strokes.

PubMed

Tafreshi, Gilda; Raman, Rema; Ernstrom, Karin; Rapp, Karen; Meyer, Brett C

2012-08-01

There is diurnal variation for cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Stroke may show a similar pattern. We assessed whether strokes presenting during a particular time of day or night are more likely of vascular etiology. To compare emergency department stroke codes arriving between 22:00 and 8:00 hours (LuNAR strokes) vs. others (n-LuNAR strokes). The purpose was to determine if late night strokes are more likely to be true strokes or warrant acute tissue plasminogen activator evaluations. We reviewed prospectively collected cases in the University of California, San Diego Stroke Team database gathered over a four-year period. Stroke codes at six emergency departments were classified based on arrival time. Those arriving between 22:00 and 8:00 hours were classified as LuNAR stroke codes, the remainder were classified as 'n-LuNAR'. Patients were further classified as intracerebral hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke not receiving tissue plasminogen activator, acute ischemic stroke receiving tissue plasminogen activator, transient ischemic attack, and nonstroke. Categorical outcomes were compared using Fisher's Exact test. Continuous outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon's Rank-sum test. A total of 1607 patients were included in our study, of which, 299 (19%) were LuNAR code strokes. The overall median NIHSS was five, higher in the LuNAR group (n-LuNAR 5, LuNAR 7; P=0·022). There was no overall differences in patient diagnoses between LuNAR and n-LuNAR strokes (P=0·169) or diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke receiving tissue plasminogen activator (n-LuNAR 191 (14·6%), LuNAR 42 (14·0%); P=0·86). Mean arrival to computed tomography scan time was longer during LuNAR hours (n-LuNAR 54·9±76·3 min, LuNAR 62·5±87·7 min; P=0·027). There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality (n-LuNAR 15·0%, LuNAR 13·2%; P=0·45). Our stroke center experience showed no difference in diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke between day and night stroke codes. This

Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by up-regulating MTDH via sponging miR-145-5p.

PubMed

Lu, Qingchun; Shan, Shan; Li, Yanyan; Zhu, Dongyi; Jin, Wenjing; Ren, Tao

2018-02-21

Long noncoding RNAs participate in the progression and initiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the mechanism remains unknown. The lncRNA identified as small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 ( SNHG1) is a novel lncRNA that is increased in multiple human cancers; however, the regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. In this study, we discovered that SNHG1 was markedly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells and that SNHG1 silencing decreased tumor volumes. Moreover, we explored its regulatory mechanism and found that SNHG1 directly bound to microRNA (miRNA)-145-5p, isolating miR-145-5p from its target gene MTDH. Inhibition of SNHG1 suppressed NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, but its effect was rescued by miR-145-5p inhibition. These results demonstrate that SNHG1 contributes to NSCLC progression by modulating the miR-145-5p/ MTDH axis, and it could potentially be a therapeutic target as well as a diagnostic marker.-Lu, Q., Shan, S., Li, Y., Zhu, D., Jin, W., Ren, T. Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by up-regulating MTDH via sponging miR-145-5p.

Comparison of Spectral and Scintillation Properties of LuAP:Ce and LuAP:Ce,Sc Single Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrosyan, Ashot G.; Derdzyan, Marina; Ovanesyan, Karine; Shirinyan, Grigori; Lecoq, Paul; Auffray, Etiennette; Kronberger, Matthias; Frisch, Benjamin; Pedrini, Christian; Dujardin, Christophe

2009-10-01

Scintillation properties of LuAP:Ce and LuAP:Ce,Sc crystal series were studied under excitation by gamma-rays from a 137Cs source. Both series demonstrated comparable optical quality in terms of underlying absorption at 260 nm, slope of the optical edge and transmission in the range of emission. The light yield of LuAP:Ce crystals measured in 0.2 cm times 0.2 cm times 0.8 cm pixels increases linearly with the Ce concentration reaching at 0.58 at. % 6448 plusmn 322 ph/MeV and 9911 plusmn 496 ph/MeV in the long and in the short directions respectively (the light yield ratio is 65%) and shows no sign of light saturation. The energy resolution is found to depend, among other factors, on the uniformity of Ce concentration within the pixels and is improved to 7.1 plusmn 0.4% (I = 0.2 cm), 9.5 plusmn 0.5% (I = 0.8 cm). Intentional co-doping with Sc + ions was tested and resulted in increase of the Ce distribution coefficient to about 0.3. This enabled to increase the concentration of Ce in LuAP:Ce,Sc crystals up to 0.7 at. %, while conserving high optical quality. In contrast to LuAP:Ce, the light yield in LuAP:Ce,Sc crystals does not increase with Ce concentration, the photo peak being gradually suppressed. The involved mechanisms are discussed basing on measurements of the unit cell volumes, Ce concentration uniformity, x-ray rocking spectra, absorption spectra of pure and variously doped LuAP crystals, and emission spectra under different excitations.

An antibody to the lutheran glycoprotein (Lu) recognizing the LU4 blood type variant inhibits cell adhesion to laminin α5.

PubMed

Kikkawa, Yamato; Miwa, Takahiro; Tohara, Yukiko; Hamakubo, Takayuki; Nomizu, Motoyoshi

2011-01-01

The Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (Lu), an Ig superfamily (IgSF) transmembrane receptor, is also known as basal cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM). Lu/B-CAM is a specific receptor for laminin α5, a major component of basement membranes in various tissues. Previous reports have shown that Lu/B-CAM binding to laminin α5 contributes to sickle cell vaso-occlusion. However, as there are no useful tools such as function-blocking antibodies or drugs, it is unclear how epithelial and sickled red blood cells adhere to laminin α5 via Lu/B-CAM. In this study, we discovered a function-blocking antibody that inhibits Lu binding to laminin α5 using a unique binding assay on tissue sections. To characterize the function-blocking antibody, we identified the site on Lu/B-CAM recognized by this antibody. The extracellular domain of Lu/B-CAM contains five IgSF domains, D1-D2-D3-D4-D5. The antibody epitope was localized to D2, but not to the D3 domain containing the major part of the laminin α5 binding site. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies showed that Arg(175), the LU4 blood group antigenic site, was crucial for forming the epitope and the antibody bound sufficiently close to sterically hinder the interaction with α5. Cell adhesion assay using the antibody also showed that Lu/B-CAM serves as a secondary receptor for the adhesion of carcinoma cells to laminin α5. This function-blocking antibody against Lu/B-CAM should be useful for not only investigating cell adhesion to laminin α5 but also for developing drugs to inhibit sickle cell vaso-occlusion.

Mountain Building in Central and Western Tien Shan Orogen: Insight from Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Phase Velocities and Body Wave Travel Times

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, S.; Yang, Y.; Wang, K.

2017-12-01

The Tien Shan orogeny, situated in central Asia about 2000 km away from the collision boundary between Indian plate and Eurasian plate, is one of the highest, youngest, and most active intracontinental mountain belts on the earth. It first formed during the Paleozoic times and became reactivated at about 20Ma. Although many studies on the dynamic processes of the Tien Shan orogeny have been carried out before, its tectonic rejuvenation and uplift mechanism are still being debated. A high-resolution model of crust and mantle beneath Tien Shan is critical to discern among competing models for the mountain building. In this study, we collect and process seismic data recorded by several seismic arrays in the central and western Tien Shan region to generate surface wave dispersion curves at 6-140 s period using ambient noise tomography (ANT) and two-plane surface wave tomography (TPWT) methods. Using these dispersion curves, we construct a high-resolution 3-D image of shear wave velocity (Vs) in the crust and upper mantle up to 300 km depth. Our current model constrained only by surface waves shows that, under the Tien Shan orogenic belt, a strong low S-wave velocity anomaly exists in the uppermost mantle down to the depth of 200km, supporting the model that the hot upper mantle is upwelling under the Tien Shan orogenic belt, which may be responsible for the mountain building. To the west of central Tien Shan across the Talas-Fergana fault, low S-wave velocity anomalies in the upper mantle become much weaker and finally disappear beneath the Fergana basin. Because surface waves are insensitive to the structures below 300 km, body wave arrival times will be included for a joint inversion with surface waves to generate S-wave velocity structure from the surface down to the mantle transition zone. The joint inversion of both body and surface waves provide complementary constraints on structures at different depths and helps to achieve a more realistic model compared with

Introduction: Paving the Old-New Way from Qing to China.

PubMed

Sela, Ori

2017-09-01

The funeral procession of Sheng Xuanhuai (, 1844-1916) - the renowned Qing scholar-official, financier, and "father of Chinese industrialism" - meandered through the streets of Shanghai on 18 November 1917. The funeral was a grand event, one that was purportedly documented in film, later to be distributed as the first "news short-film" () in China. The North China Herald reported on the event in some detail, at times in rather florid language, and suggested that "the cortege was splendid and impressive, bringing back the days of the Manchu emperors. The ceremonial costumes, the musical instruments and much more of the accoutrements dated back to the days of the Empire" ("Sheng Kung-pao's Funeral," 1917, 467-68). And indeed, the procession included a variety of ritual customs and insignia from Qing (1644-1911) times: imperial banners, ancestral tablets, Buddhist and Daoist priests, paper artifacts, and much more. Simultaneously, nonetheless, other kinds of participants and objects - new and not of imperial pedigree - were part of and intermixed with the older materials: certificates of rank were carried on cars; boy scouts and college students marched alongside the priests; many of the participants arrived by train (mainly from Sheng's hometown, Suzhou); and as the Shanghai portion of the procession ended, it continued by steamer to Suzhou. The conclusion of the North China Herald account, however, seems to have emphasized a dichotomy of old and new rather than a joyful mix of the two: Hundreds of men, dressed in the ancient costume of the old dynasties, bore a strong contrast to the eight behind them, sons of intimate friends of the deceased. They were on horseback and wore high silk hats, frock coats and white breeches tucked in riding boots. Truly the passing of the old and the entering of the new. (Ibid.; emphasis added) This view - the old giving way to the new - was not just an off-hand (Western) journalistic analysis; it was part of a larger discourse about

Lu-Hf systematics of meteorites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bizzarro, M.; Baker, J. A.; Haack, H.

2003-04-01

We have measured Lu-Hf concentrations and Hf isotope ratios on a number of solar system objects with a new digestion and chemical separation technique (1). The analysed materials include a variety of carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites (CC and OC), basaltic eucrites and a diogenite, and work is ongoing on angrites, aubrites and mesosiderites. Nineteen analyses of OC and CC define, for the first time, a statistically significant Lu-Hf isochron with a slope of 0.09465 ± 145 and intercept of 0.279628 ± 47 (2). In contrast to the CC and type 3 OC (176Lu/177Hf = 0.032-0.034), the more highly metamorphosed OC have a large range of 176Lu/177Hf ratios (0.026-0.036). The large range of 176Lu/177Hf values may be related to heterogeneous variations in phosphate abundances in equilibrated OC, which is supported by the observation that most of the observed variation is defined by this type of material. The present-day bulk-earth 176Hf/177Hf ratio calculated from this study, and a 176Lu/177Hf ratio of 0.0332, is identical to the value of (3) and confirms that the chondritic Hf-Hd isotopic composition is displaced (3 ɛ units) to unradiogenic Hf compared to the terrestrial array. The slope and intercept derived from individual regressions of either the OC or the L type alone are identical within analytical uncertainty. Using a mean age of 4.56 Ga for the chondrite forming event, we derive a value for λ176Lu = 1.983 ± 33 time 10-11 y-1 from the regression of the chondrite meteorites, ca. 6% faster than a recent calibration based on terrestrial material, which has important implications for the differentiation of the early Earth (2, 4). The four basaltic eucrites analysed align on the same array as the chondrites and, as such, chondrites and basaltic eucrites also define a statistically significant isochron with a slope of 0.09462 ± 68 and intercept of 0.279627 ± 20, identical to the values derived from the chondrites alone. Moreover, a recent Lu-Hf study of basaltic

Alternative method to determine Specific Activity of (177)Lu by HPLC.

PubMed

Breeman, Wouter A P; de Zanger, Rory M S; Chan, Ho Sze; de Blois, Erik

2015-01-01

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) with (177)Lu-DOTA-peptides requires (177)Lu with high specific activity (SA) and values >740 GBq (177)Lu per mg Lu to maximise the atom% of (177)Lu over total Lu. Vendors provide SA values which are based on activity and mass of the target, whereas due to "burn-up" of target, these SA values are not accurate. For a radiochemist the SA of (177)Lu is of interest prior to radiolabeling. An alternative method to determine SA was developed by HPLC, which includes a metal titration of a known amount of DOTA-peptide with a known amount of activity ((177)Lu), and a unknown amount of metal ((177+nat)Lu). Based on an HPLC separation of radiometal-DOTA-peptide and DOTA-peptide, and the concordant ratio of these components the metal content ((177+nat)Lu) can be calculated, and eventually the SA of (177)Lu can be accurately determined. These experimentally determined SA values exceeded the estimated values provided by vendors by 27 ± 16%, (range 6-73 %). The deviation of SA values for samples from the same Lu batch was <2% (n ≥ 10). the SA of (177)Lu is apparently often higher as stated by vendors in comparison to the experimentally determined actual values. For this reason, the SA of (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE and other Lu-DOTA-peptides could be increased accordingly.

Tectonic deformation around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis: constraints from the Cretaceous palaeomagnetic data of the Shan-Thai Block

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Kenji; Mu, Chuanlong; Sato, Ken; Takemoto, Kazuhiro; Miura, Daisuke; Liu, Yuyan; Zaman, Haider; Yang, Zhenyu; Yokoyama, Masahiko; Iwamoto, Hisanori; Uno, Koji; Otofuji, Yo-ichiro

2008-11-01

Lower to Middle Cretaceous red sandstones were sampled at four localities in the Lanpin-Simao fold belt of the Shan-Thai Block to describe its regional deformational features. Most of the samples revealed a characteristic remanent magnetization with unblocking temperatures around 680 °C. Primary natures of magnetization are ascertained through positive fold test. A tilt-corrected formation-mean direction for the Jingdong (24.5°N, 100.8°E) locality, which is located at a distance of 25 km from the Ailaoshan-Red River Fault, revealed northerly declination with steep inclination (Dec./Inc. = 8.3°/48.8°, α95 = 7.7°, N = 13). However, mean directions obtained from the Zhengyuan (24.0°N, 101.1°E), West Zhengyuan (24.0°N, 101.1°E) and South Mengla (21.4°N, 101.6°E) localities indicate an easterly deflection in declination; such as Dec./Inc. = 61.8°/46.1°, α95 = 8.1° (N = 7), Dec./Inc. = 324.2°/-49.4°, α95 = 6.4° (N = 4) and Dec./Inc. = 51.2°/46.4°, α95 = 5.6° (N = 13), respectively. The palaeomagnetic directions obtained from these four localities are incorporated into a palaeomagnetic database for the Shan-Thai Block. When combined with geological, geochronological and GPS data, the processes of deformation in the Shan-Thai Block is described as follows: Subsequent to its rigid block clockwise rotation of about 20° in the early stage of India-Asia collision, the Shan-Thai Block experienced a coherent but southward displacement along the Red River Fault prior to 32 Ma. This block was then subjected to a north-south compressive stresses during the 32-27 Ma period, which played a key role in shaping the structure of Chongshan-Lancang-Chiang Mai Belt. Following this some local clockwise rotational motion has occurred during the Pliocene-Quaternary time in central part of the Shan-Thai Block as a result of internal block movements along the reactivated network of faults.

Estimation of recurrence interval of large earthquakes on the central Longmen Shan fault zone based on seismic moment accumulation/release model.

PubMed

Ren, Junjie; Zhang, Shimin

2013-01-01

Recurrence interval of large earthquake on an active fault zone is an important parameter in assessing seismic hazard. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) occurred on the central Longmen Shan fault zone and ruptured the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF) and the Guanxian-Jiangyou fault (GJF). However, there is a considerable discrepancy among recurrence intervals of large earthquake in preseismic and postseismic estimates based on slip rate and paleoseismologic results. Post-seismic trenches showed that the central Longmen Shan fault zone probably undertakes an event similar to the 2008 quake, suggesting a characteristic earthquake model. In this paper, we use the published seismogenic model of the 2008 earthquake based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and construct a characteristic seismic moment accumulation/release model to estimate recurrence interval of large earthquakes on the central Longmen Shan fault zone. Our results show that the seismogenic zone accommodates a moment rate of (2.7 ± 0.3) × 10¹⁷ N m/yr, and a recurrence interval of 3900 ± 400 yrs is necessary for accumulation of strain energy equivalent to the 2008 earthquake. This study provides a preferred interval estimation of large earthquakes for seismic hazard analysis in the Longmen Shan region.

Estimation of Recurrence Interval of Large Earthquakes on the Central Longmen Shan Fault Zone Based on Seismic Moment Accumulation/Release Model

PubMed Central

Zhang, Shimin

2013-01-01

Recurrence interval of large earthquake on an active fault zone is an important parameter in assessing seismic hazard. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) occurred on the central Longmen Shan fault zone and ruptured the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF) and the Guanxian-Jiangyou fault (GJF). However, there is a considerable discrepancy among recurrence intervals of large earthquake in preseismic and postseismic estimates based on slip rate and paleoseismologic results. Post-seismic trenches showed that the central Longmen Shan fault zone probably undertakes an event similar to the 2008 quake, suggesting a characteristic earthquake model. In this paper, we use the published seismogenic model of the 2008 earthquake based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and construct a characteristic seismic moment accumulation/release model to estimate recurrence interval of large earthquakes on the central Longmen Shan fault zone. Our results show that the seismogenic zone accommodates a moment rate of (2.7 ± 0.3) × 1017 N m/yr, and a recurrence interval of 3900 ± 400 yrs is necessary for accumulation of strain energy equivalent to the 2008 earthquake. This study provides a preferred interval estimation of large earthquakes for seismic hazard analysis in the Longmen Shan region. PMID:23878524

The impact of new transportation modes on population distribution in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China

PubMed Central

Wang, Lizhe; Chen, Lajiao

2018-01-01

This paper conducts a novel study in China’s Jing-Jin-Ji region to investigate the determinants of population distribution and short-term migration based on a comprehensive dataset including traditional census data, earth observation data, and emerging Internet data. Our results show that due to the high level of urbanization in this region, natural conditions are no longer the strongest determinants of population distribution. New transportation modes, such as high-speed rail, have arisen as a significant determinant of population distribution and short-term migration, particularly in large cities. Socio-economic factors such as GDP, investment, urbanization level, and technology, which are traditionally assumed to govern population distribution and short-term migration, have less influence although education still remains an important factor affecting population distribution. These findings will contribute valuable information to regional planning decision-making in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. PMID:29360105

Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake

USGS Publications Warehouse

Huang, C.-C.; Lee, Y.-H.; Liu, Huaibao P.; Keefer, D.K.; Jibson, R.W.

2001-01-01

The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake triggered numerous landslides throughout a large area in the Central Range, to the east, southeast, and south of the fault rupture. Among them are two large rock avalanches, at Tsaoling and at Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan. At Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan, the entire thickness (30-50 m) of the Miocene Changhukeng Shale over an area of 1 km2 slid down its bedding plane for a distance of about 1 km. Initial movement of the landslide was nearly purely translational. We investigate the effect of surface-normal acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide using a block slide model. We show that this acceleration, currently not considered by dynamic slope-stability analysis methods, significantly influences the initiation of the landslide.

The Bad Berka dose protocol: comparative results of dosimetry in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using (177)Lu-DOTATATE, (177)Lu-DOTANOC, and (177)Lu-DOTATOC.

PubMed

Schuchardt, Christiane; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Prasad, Vikas; Zachert, Carolin; Müller, Dirk; Baum, Richard P

2013-01-01

The objective of this study is to analyze the in vivo behavior of the (177)Lu-labeled peptides DOTATATE, DOTANOC, and DOTATOC used for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRNT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), by measuring organ and tumor kinetics and by performing dosimetric calculations. Two hundred fifty-three patients (group 1) with metastasized NET who underwent PRRNT were examined. Out of these, 185 patients received (177)Lu-DOTATATE, 9 were treated with (177)Lu-DOTANOC, and 59 with (177)Lu-DOTATOC. Additionally, 25 patients receiving, in consecutive PRRNT cycles, DOTATATE followed by DOTATOC (group 2) and 3 patients receiving DOTATATE and DOTANOC (group 3) were analyzed. Dosimetric calculations (according to MIRD scheme) were performed using OLINDA software. In group 1, DOTATOC exhibited the lowest and DOTANOC the highest uptake and therefore mean absorbed dose in normal organs (whole body, kidney, and spleen). In group 2, there was a significant difference between DOTATATE and DOTATOC concerning kinetics and normal organ doses. (177)Lu-DOTATOC had the lowest uptake/dose delivered to normal organs and highest tumor-to-kidney ratio. There were no significant differences between the three peptides concerning tumor kinetics and mean absorbed tumor dose. The study demonstrates a correlation between high affinity of DOTANOC in vitro and high uptake in normal organs/whole body in vivo, resulting in a higher whole-body dose. DOTATOC exhibited the lowest uptake and dose delivered to normal tissues and the best tumor-to-kidney ratio. Due to large interpatient variability, individual dosimetry should be performed for each therapy cycle.

Structural evolution of the Ural-Tian Shan junction: A view from Karatau ridge, South Kazakhstan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexeiev, Dmitriy V.; Cook, Harry E.; Buvtyshkin, Vasiliy M.; Golub, Lyudmila Y.

2009-02-01

The deformation history of the Late Palaeozoic Ural-Tian Shan junction is discussed for the example of the Karatau ridge in southern Kazakhstan. Three deformation events are recognized. The Late Carboniferous D1 event is characterized by Laramide-style thrust-and-fold structures on the southern margin of Kazakhstan with shortening in a NE-SW direction. The Latest Permian and Triassic D2 event is controlled by compression in an east-west direction, which reflects collisional deformation in the Urals. The main structures are submeridional folds and north-west-striking sinistral strike-slip faults. The Triassic D3 event with shortening in a north-south direction reflects collision of the Turan microcontinent against the southern margin of Kazakhstan. The main structures are north-west-striking dextral strike-slip faults. Our new data provides important clues for the reconstruction of pre-Cretaceous structures between the Urals and the Tian Shan.

Provenance of Jurassic sediments in the Hefei Basin, east-central China and the contribution of high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Renwei; Wan, Yusheng; Cheng, Zhenyu; Zhou, Jianxiong; Li, Shuangying; Jin, Fuquan; Meng, Qingren; Li, Zhong; Jiang, Maosheng

2005-03-01

The provenance of the Jurassic sediments in the Hefei Basin is constrained by compositions of the detrital K-white micas and garnets, and SHRIMP dating of the detrital zircons, which can help to understand the evolution and to reconstruct the paleogeographic distribution of HP-UHP rocks in the Jurassic Dabie Shan. (1) For the oldest Mesozoic sediments at the bottom of the Fanghushan Formation ( J1), the predominance of the early Paleozoic and Luliang (1700-1900 Ma) zircons indicates a major source from the North China Block. However, Neoproterozoic zircons as the major component in other Jurassic sediments indicate that the source rocks were mainly derived from the exhumed Yangtze Block in the Dabie Shan. (2) The co-occurrence of high-Si phengites and Triassic zircons provides stratigraphic evidence that the first exposure of the UHP rocks at the Earth's surface in the Dabie Shan occurred in the Early Jurassic during deposition of the Fanghushan Formation. (3) From the east to the west of the Hefei Basin, there is a spatial variation in the compositions for detrital micas and garnets, and in the U-Pb ages of detrital zircons. Evidently, HP-UHP rocks were widely distributed at outcrop in the eastern Dabie Shan. In contrast, they were less important in the western Dabie Shan during the Jurassic.

Quasi four-level Tm:LuAG laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jani, Mahendra G. (Inventor); Barnes, Norman P. (Inventor); Hutcheson, Ralph L. (Inventor); Rodriguez, Waldo J. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A quasi four-level solid-state laser is provided. A laser crystal is disposed in a laser cavity. The laser crystal has a LuAG-based host material doped to a final concentration between about 2% and about 7% thulium (Tm) ions. For the more heavily doped final concentrations, the LuAG-based host material is a LuAG seed crystal doped with a small concentration of Tm ions. Laser diode arrays are disposed transversely to the laser crystal for energizing the Tm ions.

Permian charnockites in the Pobeda area: Implications for Tarim mantle plume activity and HT metamorphism in the South Tien Shan range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loury, Chloé; Rolland, Yann; Lanari, Pierre; Guillot, Stéphane; Bosch, Delphine; Ganino, Clément; Jourdon, Anthony; Petit, Carole; Gallet, Sylvain; Monié, Patrick; Riel, Nicolas

2018-04-01

The Permian history of the Central Asian Orogenic belt is marked by large-scale strike-slip faults that reactivate former Paleozoic structures, delineated by widespread alkaline magmatism. The genetic link between the syn-kinematic granitoids emplaced in the Tien Shan range and magmas emplaced within the Tarim Large Igneous Province, and the interaction between this plume and transcurrent tectonics, are still unsolved issues. We investigated the Pobeda massif, in the eastern Kyrgyz Tien Shan, located at the boundary between the Tien Shan range and the Tarim Craton, which exhibits a high-temperature unit. In this unit, Permian magmatism resulted in the emplacement of alkaline charnockites at mid-crustal levels. The primary mineralogical assemblage is nominally anhydrous and made of ortho- and clino-pyroxenes, fayalite, K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz. These charnockites are associated with partially-molten paragneisses and marbles. Thermobarometry on these rocks indicates that the charnockites emplaced following the intrusion of a melt at a temperature > 1000 °C and pressure of around 6 kbar, corresponding to depth of 20 km. The resulting thermal anomaly triggered the partial melting of paragneisses. Bulk geochemistry including Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes suggests that charnockites fit into the Tarim Large Igneous Province magmatic series, with minor crustal assimilation. U-Pb ages on zircons of charnockites and surrounding paragneisses indicate that charnockites intruded and triggered partial melting of the gneisses at c. 287, 275 and 265 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar dating on amphibole gives a similar age as the U-Pb age at 276.2 ± 2.0 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar dating on biotite from the Charnockite unit marbles gives ages at ca. 256-265 Ma, which shows that exhumation onset directly follows the HT history, and is tentatively correlated to top-to-the-North thrusting of the Charnockite unit in a transpressive context. Additional 40Ar/39Ar dating on syn-kinematic white micas from an

Prediction of Normal Organ Absorbed Doses for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Using [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Carcinoma.

PubMed

Khawar, Ambreen; Eppard, Elisabeth; Sinnes, Jean Phlippe; Roesch, Frank; Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Kürpig, Stefan; Meisenheimer, Michael; Gaertner, Florian C; Essler, Markus; Bundschuh, Ralph A

2018-04-23

In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of [Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 was used to determine the normal organ-absorbed doses that may result from therapeutic activity of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and to predict the maximum permissible activity of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma. Pharmacokinetics of [Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 was evaluated in 5 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma using dynamic PET/CT, followed by 3 static PET/CT acquisitions and blood sample collection over 19.5 hours, as well as urine sample collection at 2 time points. Total activity measured in source organs by PET imaging, as well as counts per milliliter measured in blood and urine samples, was decay corrected back to the time of injection using the half-life of Sc. Afterward, forward decay correction using the half-life of Lu was performed, extrapolating the pharmacokinetics of [Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 to that of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Source organs residence times and organ-absorbed doses for [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 were calculated using OLINDA/EXM software. Bone marrow self-dose was determined with indirect blood-based method, and urinary bladder contents residence time was estimated by trapezoidal approximation. The maximum permissible activity of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was calculated for each patient considering external beam radiotherapy toxicity limits for radiation absorbed doses to kidneys, bone marrow, salivary glands, and whole body. The predicted mean organ-absorbed doses were highest in the kidneys (0.44 mSv/MBq), followed by the salivary glands (0.23 mSv/MBq). The maximum permissible activity was highly variable among patients; limited by whole body-absorbed dose (1 patient), marrow-absorbed dose (1 patient), and kidney-absorbed dose (3 patients). [Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 PET/CT imaging is feasible and allows theoretical extrapolation of the pharmacokinetics of [Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 to that of [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, with the intent of predicting normal organ-absorbed doses and maximum

Structural evolution of the Ural-Tian Shan junction: A view from Karatau ridge, South Kazakhstan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Alexeiev, D.V.; Cook, H.E.; Buvtyshkin, V.M.; Golub, L.Y.

2009-01-01

The deformation history of the Late Palaeozoic Ural-Tian Shan junction is discussed for the example of the Karatau ridge in southern Kazakhstan. Three deformation events are recognized. The Late Carboniferous D1 event is characterized by Laramide-style thrust-and-fold structures on the southern margin of Kazakhstan with shortening in a NE-SW direction. The Latest Permian and Triassic D2 event is controlled by compression in an east-west direction, which reflects collisional deformation in the Urals. The main structures are submeridional folds and north-west-striking sinistral strike-slip faults. The Triassic D3 event with shortening in a north-south direction reflects collision of the Turan microcontinent against the southern margin of Kazakhstan. The main structures are north-west-striking dextral strike-slip faults. Our new data provides important clues for the reconstruction of pre-Cretaceous structures between the Urals and the Tian Shan. ?? 2008 Acad??mie des sciences.

Displacement and HIV: Factors Influencing Antiretroviral Therapy Use by Ethnic Shan Migrants in Northern Thailand

PubMed Central

Murray, Jordan K.; DiStefano, Anthony S.; Yang, Joshua S.; Wood, Michele M.

2016-01-01

Migrant populations face increased HIV vulnerabilities, including limited access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Civil conflict in Myanmar has displaced thousands of people from the minority Shan ethnic group into northern Thailand, where they bear a disproportionate HIV burden. To identify barriers and facilitators of ART use in this population, we conducted a rapid ethnographic assessment and case study with a clinical sample of Shan migrants receiving treatment for HIV in a district hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand, Thai nurses providing their care, and health care administrators (n = 23). Barriers included fears of arrest and deportation, communication difficulties, perceived social marginalization, limited HIV knowledge, and lack of finances. Facilitating factors included hospital-based migrant registration services and community outreach efforts involving support group mobilization, referral practices, and radio broadcasts. These findings provided a contextualized account to inform policies, community interventions, and nursing practice to increase treatment access for minority migrant groups. PMID:27188762

Sichuan Basin and beyond: Eastward foreland growth of the Tibetan Plateau from an integration of Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic fission track and (U-Th)/He ages of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, and Daba Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Zhao; Shen, Chuanbo; Ratschbacher, Lothar; Enkelmann, Eva; Jonckheere, Raymond; Wauschkuhn, Bastian; Dong, Yunpeng

2017-06-01

Combining 121 new fission track and (U-Th)/He ages with published thermochronologic data, we investigate the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation/cooling history of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, Daba Shan, and Sichuan Basin of east central China. The Qinling orogen shows terminal southwestward foreland growth in the northern Daba Shan thrust belt at 100-90 Ma and in the southern Daba Shan fold belt at 85-70 Ma. The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau experienced major exhumation phases at 70-40 Ma (exhumation rate 0.05-0.08 mm/yr), 25-15 Ma (≤1 mm/yr in the Pengguan Massif; 0.2 mm/yr in the imbricated western Sichuan Basin), and since 11-10 Ma along the Longmen Shan ( 0.80 mm/yr) and the interior of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (Dadu River gorge, Min Shan; 0.50 mm/yr). The Sichuan Basin records two basin-wide denudation phases, likely a result of the reorganization of the upper Yangtze River drainage system. The first phase commenced at 45 Ma and probably ended before the Miocene; >1 km of rocks were eroded from the central and eastern Sichuan Basin. The second phase commenced at 12 Ma and denudated the central Sichuan Basin, Longmen Shan, and southern Daba Shan; more than 2 km of rocks were eroded after the lower Yangtze River had cut through the Three Gorges and captured the Sichuan Basin drainage. In contrast to the East Qinling, which was weakly effected by late Cenozoic exhumation, the West Qinling and Daba Shan have experienced rapid exhumation/cooling since 15-13 Ma, a result of growth of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the Sichuan Basin.

Growth and characterization of LuAs films and nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krivoy, E. M.; Nair, H. P.; Crook, A. M.; Rahimi, S.; Maddox, S. J.; Salas, R.; Ferrer, D. A.; Dasika, V. D.; Akinwande, D.; Bank, S. R.

2012-10-01

We report the growth and characterization of nearly lattice-matched LuAs/GaAs heterostructures. Electrical conductivity, optical transmission, and reflectivity measurements of epitaxial LuAs films indicate that LuAs is semimetallic, with a room-temperature resistivity of 90 μΩ cm. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy confirms that LuAs nucleates as self-assembled nanoparticles, which can be overgrown with high-quality GaAs. The growth and material properties are very similar to those of the more established ErAs/GaAs system; however, we observe important differences in the magnitude and wavelength of the peak optical transparency, making LuAs superior for certain device applications, particularly for thick epitaxially embedded Ohmic contacts that are transparent in the near-IR telecommunications window around 1.3 μm.

Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fujimaki, H.; Tatsumoto, M.

1984-02-15

Very low Ti basalts andd green glass samples from the moon show high Lu/Hf ratios and low Hf concentrations. Low-Ti lunar basalts show high and variable Lu/Hf ratios and higher Hf concentrations, whereas high-Ti lunar basalts show low Lu/Hf ratios and high Hf concentrations. KREEP basalts have constant Lu/Hf ratios and high but variable Hf concentrations. Using the Lu-Hf behavior as a constraint, we propose a model for the mare basalts evolution. This constraint requires extensive crystallization of the primary lunar magma ocean prior to formation of the lunar mare basalt sources and the KREEP basalts. Mare basalts are producedmore » by the melting of the cumulate rocks, and KREEP basalts represent the residual liquid of the magma ocean.« less

Growth and characterization of LuAs films and nanostructures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krivoy, E. M.; Nair, H. P.; Crook, A. M.

2012-10-01

We report the growth and characterization of nearly lattice-matched LuAs/GaAs heterostructures. Electrical conductivity, optical transmission, and reflectivity measurements of epitaxial LuAs films indicate that LuAs is semimetallic, with a room-temperature resistivity of 90 {mu}{Omega} cm. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy confirms that LuAs nucleates as self-assembled nanoparticles, which can be overgrown with high-quality GaAs. The growth and material properties are very similar to those of the more established ErAs/GaAs system; however, we observe important differences in the magnitude and wavelength of the peak optical transparency, making LuAs superior for certain device applications, particularly for thick epitaxially embedded Ohmic contacts that aremore » transparent in the near-IR telecommunications window around 1.3 {mu}m.« less

Detecting the causality influence of individual meteorological factors on local PM2.5 concentration in the Jing-Jin-Ji region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ziyue; Cai, Jun; Gao, Bingbo; Xu, Bing; Dai, Shuang; He, Bin; Xie, Xiaoming

2017-01-01

Due to complicated interactions in the atmospheric environment, quantifying the influence of individual meteorological factors on local PM2.5 concentration remains challenging. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (short for Jing-Jin-Ji) region is infamous for its serious air pollution. To improve regional air quality, characteristics and meteorological driving forces for PM2.5 concentration should be better understood. This research examined seasonal variations of PM2.5 concentration within the Jing-Jin-Ji region and extracted meteorological factors strongly correlated with local PM2.5 concentration. Following this, a convergent cross mapping (CCM) method was employed to quantify the causality influence of individual meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentration. The results proved that the CCM method was more likely to detect mirage correlations and reveal quantitative influences of individual meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentration. For the Jing-Jin-Ji region, the higher PM2.5 concentration, the stronger influences meteorological factors exert on PM2.5 concentration. Furthermore, this research suggests that individual meteorological factors can influence local PM2.5 concentration indirectly by interacting with other meteorological factors. Due to the significant influence of local meteorology on PM2.5 concentration, more emphasis should be given on employing meteorological means for improving local air quality.

The role of phosphates for the Lu-Hf chronology of meteorites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debaille, Vinciane; Van Orman, James; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Amelin, Yuri

2017-09-01

The 176Lu-176Hf isotopic system is widely used for dating and tracing cosmochemical and geological processes, but still suffers from two uncertainties. First, Lu-Hf isochrons for some early Solar System materials have excess slope of unknown origin that should not be expected for meteorites with ages precisely determined with other isotopic chronometers. This observation translates to an apparent Lu decay constant higher than the one calculated by comparing ages obtained with various dating methods on terrestrial samples. Second, unlike the well constrained Sm/Nd value (to within 2%) for the chondritic uniform reservoir (CHUR), the Lu/Hf ratios in chondrites vary up to 18% when considering all chondrites, adding uncertainty to the Lu/Hf CHUR value. In order to better understand the Lu-Hf systematics of chondrites, we analyzed mineral fractions from the Richardton H5 chondrite to construct an internal Lu-Hf isochron, and set up a numerical model to investigate the effect of preferential diffusion of Lu compared to Hf from phosphate, the phase with the highest Lu-Hf ratio in chondrites, to other minerals. The isochron yields an age of 4647 ± 210 million years (Myr) using the accepted 176Lu decay constant of 1.867 ± 0.008 ×10-11yr-1. Combining this study with the phosphate fractions measured in a previous study yields a slope of 0.08855 ± 0.00072, translating to a 176Lu decay constant of 1.862 ± 0.016 ×10-11yr-1 using the Pb-Pb age previously obtained, in agreement with the accepted value. The large variation of the Lu/Hf phosphates combined with observations in the present study identify phosphates as the key in perturbing Lu-Hf dating and generating the isochron slope discrepancy. This is critical as apatite has substantially higher diffusion rates of rare earth elements than most silicate minerals that comprise stony meteorites. Results of numerical modeling depending of temperature peak, size of the grains and duration of the metamorphic event, show that

Empirical Relationship between particulate matter and Aerosol Optical Depth over Northern Tien-Shan, Central Asia

EPA Science Inventory

Measurements were obtained at two sites in northern Tien-Shan in Central Asia during a 1-year period beginning July 2008 to examine the statistical relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and of fine [PM2.5, particles less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (AD)] and coars...

Additional lesions detected in therapeutic scans with 177Lu-DOTATATE reflect higher affinity of 177Lu-DOTATATE for somatostatin receptors.

PubMed

Mirzaei, Siroos; Bastati, Brigitte; Lipp, Rainer W; Knoll, Peter; Zojer, Niklas; Ludwig, Heinz

2011-01-01

Peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of somatostatin receptor (SR)-expressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has become an established therapeutic option in patients with advanced NETs. The aim of this study was to compare the lesion detection rate of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a newly developed tracer for NET imaging, with (177)Lu-DOTATATE used for PRRT. 8 patients (4 women, 4 men, age range 46-76 years) with histologically proven NETs, who showed high SR loads by (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy, were treated with (177)Lu-DOTATATE. After treatment, all patients were subjected to whole-body scintigraphy with additional low-dose single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) of the chest and abdomen. All patients demonstrated (177)Lu-DOTATATE accumulation in all lesions previously detected by (99m)Tc- EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy. Three patients showed additional lesions in the liver and lungs. SPECT-CT after (177)Lu-DOTATATE therapy may be helpful in detecting additional lesions not seen using (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. This could reflect the broader affinity of (177)Lu-DOTATATE for SRs compared with (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan Aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, September, October, and November 1978

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wasson, B.E.

1980-01-01

This potentiometric map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi is the third in a series of maps, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Land and Water Resources, delineating the potentiometric surfaces of the major aquifers in Mississippi. From its outcrop area the Eutaw-McShan aquifer dips about 30 feet per mile to the west and southwest. Thickness of the aquifer commonly is between 200 and 300 feet in most of the area, and commonly about one-half this thickness consists of sand. In the outcrop area the potentiometric surface is strongly affected by recharge from precipitation, topography, and drainage of the aquifer by streams. The potentiometric surface of the aquifer slopes generally to the west away from the area of outcrop and it is strongly affected by large ground-water withdrawals at or near Tupelo, Aberdeen, and West Point. Historically, water levels in or near the outcrop of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer have shown little or no long-term changes. Withdrawals of water by wells from the downdip area have caused long-term water-level declines of 1 to 2 feet per year in much of the confined part of the aquifer. Water-level declines during recent years in several observation wells in Lee County ranged from 2 to 9 feet per year. One hydrograph in Clay County that is near the center of the depression in the potentiometric surface at West Point shows about 5 feet per year of water-level decline since 1972. (USGS)

Mapping and inventorying active rock glaciers in the northern Tien Shan of China using satellite SAR interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiaowen; Liu, Lin; Zhao, Lin; Wu, Tonghua; Li, Zhongqin; Liu, Guoxiang

2017-04-01

Rock glaciers are widespread in the Tien Shan. However, rock glaciers in the Chinese part of the Tien Shan have not been systematically investigated for more than 2 decades. In this study, we propose a new method that combines SAR interferometry and optical images from Google Earth to map active rock glaciers (ARGs) in the northern Tien Shan (NTS) of China. We compiled an inventory that includes 261 ARGs and quantitative information about their locations, geomorphic parameters, and downslope velocities. Our inventory shows that most of the ARGs are moraine-derived (69 %) and facing northeast (56 %). The altitude distribution of ARGs in the western NTS is significantly different from those located in the eastern part. The downslope velocities of the ARGs vary significantly in space, with a maximum of about 114 cm yr-1 and a mean of about 37 cm yr-1. Using the ARG locations as a proxy for the extent of alpine permafrost, our inventory suggests that the lowest altitudinal limit for the presence of permafrost in the NTS is about 2500-2800 m, a range determined by the lowest ARG in the entire inventory and by a statistics-based estimation. The successful application of the proposed method would facilitate effective and robust efforts to map rock glaciers over mountain ranges globally. This study provides an important dataset to improve mapping and modeling permafrost occurrence in vast western China.

The nature of the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone: Constraints from structural, microstructural and fabric analyses of metamorphic rocks from the Diancang Shan, Ailao Shan and Day Nui Con Voi massifs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Junlai; Tang, Yuan; Tran, My-Dung; Cao, Shuyun; Zhao, Li; Zhang, Zhaochong; Zhao, Zhidan; Chen, Wen

2012-03-01

The structural geology, timing of shearing, and tectonic implications of the ASRR shear zone, one of the most striking lineaments in Southeast Asia, have been the topics of extensive studies over the past few decades. The Xuelong Shan (XLS), Diancang Shan (DCS), Ailao Shan (ALS) and Day Nui Con Voi (DNCV) metamorphic massifs along the shear zone have preserved important information on its structural and tectonic evolution. Our field structural analysis, detailed microstructural and fabric analysis, as well as the quartz, sillimanite and garnet fabric studies of the sheared rocks from the massifs demonstrate the dominant roles of three deformation episodes during Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the shear zone. Among the contrasting structural and microstructural associations in the shear zone, D2 structures, which were formed at the brittle to ductile transition during large-scale left-lateral shearing in the second deformation episode, predominate over the structural styles of the other two deformation episodes. Discrete micro-shear zones with intensive grain size reduction compose the characteristic structural style of D2 deformation. In addition, several types of folds (early shearing folds, F21, and late-shearing folds, F22) were formed in the sheared rocks, including discrete to distributed mylonitic foliation, stretching lineation and shear fabrics (e.g., mica fish, domino structures, as well as sigma and delta fabrics). A sequence of microstructures from syn-kinematic magmatic flow, high-temperature solid-state deformation, to brittle-ductile shearing is well-preserved in the syn-kinematic leucocratic intrusions. Deformation structures from the first episode (D1) are characterized by F1 folds and distributed foliations (S1) in rocks due to pure shearing at high temperatures. They are preserved in weakly sheared (D2) rocks along the eastern margin of the ALS belt or in certain low-strain tectonic enclaves within the shear zone. Furthermore, semi

Cenozoic Spatio-temporal Variations of Tian Shan Deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobel, E. R.; Bande, A.; Chen, J.; Thiede, R. C.; Macaulay, E. A.; Mikolaichuk, A.; Gilder, S. A.; Kley, J.

2016-12-01

The Cenozoic deformation of the Tian Shan is driven by north-vergent compression caused by the India-Asia collision, the indentation of the Pamir, and/or right-lateral transpression driven by the indentation of Arabia into Eurasia. The Talas-Fergana fault (TFF) region corresponds to the widest portion of high topography of the Tianshan Mountains. The width of the range tapers both east and west, albeit the geometry is more complex to the west. We synthesize published AFT, apatite (U-Th)/He, magnetostratigraphic and paleomagnetically-determined rotation data combined with our own work from the Tianshan domain to map spatial patterns of exhumation and deformation. Prior to middle Cenozoic deformation, the area of the present range was characterized by low relief; adjacent sedimentary basins record very low accumulation rates or hiatuses. Localized Eocene deformation events have been proposed but do not appear to reflect significant shortening. The first large pulse of deformation commenced in the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene, represented by isolated range uplifts, often related to reactivation of older structures, and pulses of clastic sedimentation. Perhaps the most significant deformation at this time occurred north of the Pamir along the NW-SE trending dextral TFF, in the Chatkal ranges at its NW end, and the Kokshaal and At-Bashi ranges at the SE end of the fault. The Fergana basin, west of the TFF, underwent significant counter-clockwise rotation that was accommodated by these structures. Relatively rapid slip along the TFF persisted from ca. 25 Ma until at least 13.5 Ma. A second, larger deformation episode commenced in the Middle-Late Miocene along the length of the Tian Shan. Similar-aged deformation is reported from the Tadjik depression and within the Pamir. Important questions to address include whether the drivers for the two episodes were the same and what were the relative roles of the Tarim block and the Pamir indenter in producing the deformation.

Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan, China, and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M~7.7 Manas earthquake

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, Chun-Yong; Yang, Zhu-En; Luo, Hai; Mooney, W.D.

2004-01-01

The Tien Shan orogenic belt is the most active intracontinental mountain belt in the world. We describe an 86-km-long N–S-trending deep seismic reflection profile (which passes through the southern Junggar basin) located on the northeastern Tien Shan piedmont. Two distinct anticlines beneath the northern margin of the Tien Shan are clearly imaged in the seismic section. In addition, we have imaged two detachment surfaces at depths of ∼7 and ∼16 km. The detachment surface at 16-km depth corresponds to the main detachment that converges with the steep angle reverse fault (the Junggar Southern Marginal Fault) on which the 1906 M~7.7 Manas earthquake occurred. A 12–14-km-thick sedimentary basin is imaged beneath the southern Junggar basin near Shihezi. The crust beneath the northern margin of the Tien Shan is 50–55-km thick, and decreases beneath the Junggar basin to 40–45-km thick. The crustal image of the deep seismic reflection profile is consistent with models derived from nearby seismic refraction data and Bouguer gravity anomalies in the same region. The faulting associated with the 1906 Manas earthquake also fits within the structural framework imaged by the seismic reflection profile. Present-day micro-seismicity shows a hypocentral depth-distribution between 5 and 35 km, with a peak at 20 km. We hypothesize that the 1906 Manas earthquake initiated at a depth of ∼20 km and propagated upwards, causing northward slip on the sub-horizontal detachments beneath the southern Junggar basin. Thus, in accord with regional geological mapping, the current shortening within the eastern Tien Shan is accommodated both by high-angle reverse faulting and detachment faulting that can be clearly imaged at depth in seismic reflection data.

Mixed Messages from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vervoort, J. D.; Wang, D.; Johnson, T. A.

2017-12-01

Garnet geochronology provides important information on the timing and conditions of metamorphism. As a major indicator mineral formed during metamorphism, its direct dating can not only help establish the timing of metamorphism, provide the "t" for P-T-t paths, but also, if the dated garnet can be placed in a textural context, can provide information on the timing of deformational features. With advances in chemistry and mass spectrometry, garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd geochronology has become an important geochronological tool and we can now reliably (if not routinely) date a wide variety of garnet compositions formed under diverse conditions. In the course of dating a variety of lithologies using both Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systems, however, some intriguing results have emerged. Although there are many examples where the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd systems give the same date within uncertainty, there are also many cases where these systems yield significantly different dates, and the differences between these dates can be considerable—many 10's of Ma of and even 100's of Ma. For example, in garnet-bearing Mesoproterozoic gneisses from across the Blue Ridge Province in Virginia, both Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd analyses (determined on the same solutions) define narrow time spans, but with the Sm-Nd dates systematically younger (for orthogneisses Lu-Hf dates are 1032 to 1019 Ma whereas Sm-Nd dates are 965 to 949 Ma—a difference of 67 to 80 Ma). There are many other examples of systematically younger Sm-Nd garnet dates in both the literature and with our ongoing research. Potential explanations for these differences include: 1) strong partitioning of Lu into garnet during growth yielding ages weighted toward the beginning of growth; 2) faster Lu diffusion from high Lu regions after garnet formation, potentially leading to isochron rotation and anomalously old Lu-Hf dates; and 3) differences in closure temperatures of the two isotope systems. We will review several examples of divergent Lu

The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Water Yield in the Jing- Jin-Ji Region in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Suxiao; Yang, Hong

2017-04-01

Water yield is one of the key ecosystem services sustaining both people's life and economic development. However, the water yield function is sensitive to anthropogenic activity especially the land use and land cover change (LUCC). Assessment of historical LUCC and its impact on water yield could benefit designing and implementing appropriate land use strategy that enhance the water yield capacity. Beijing (Jing) and its surrounding areas of Tianjin (Jin) and Hebei (Ji) is the political, cultural and economic center of China. The region is facing increasingly water crisis. Taking the Jing-Jin-Ji region as a study area, this study analyzed the historical LUCC and its impact on water yield by using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to spatially map and quantify the changes of water yield from 1995 to 2010. The results showed there was main decline in area of wetland and forest and increase in area of crop land and built up land. An abrupt decline in water yield was found for year 2000. The water yield was influenced to a great extent by precipitation and evapotranspiration, but the land use played an important role in the water yield capacity (water yield per unit area) through plant cover that affected evapotranspiration, soil water permeability and the capacity of holding the moisture content. By general ranking, the water yield capacity of different land use type was as follows: built-up>bare land>cropland> grassland>forest >wetland, which illustrated that the built-up and bare land had higher run off rate while the vegetation area had higher capacity to control surface run off to increase the groundwater. A good understanding of temporal-spatial allocation of historical LUCC and Water yield of the Jing-Jin-Ji region could help guide land use policy decisions that take into consideration of tradeoffs with respect to spatial distribution of ecosystem services amongst the three administrative entities (Jing-Jin-Ji) and

[Evaluation on efficacy of Jin's "Sanzhen" therapy combined with rehabilitation training for hemiplegia of stroke patients by Fugl-Meyer scale].

PubMed

Han, De-Xiong; Zhuang, Li-Xing; Zhang, Ying

2011-06-01

To assess the therapeutic effect of Jin's "Sanzhen" therapy combined with rehabilitation training on limb-motor function of stroke patients by using Fugl-Meyer scale. A total of 254 hemiplegic stroke outpatients and inpatients from 7 hospitals were randomly divided into Jin's "Sanzhen" (JSZ) group (n = 83), rehabilitation group (n = 84) and combination group (n = 87). Acupuncture was applied to acupoints of Jin's "Sanzhen" including Quchi (LI 11), Waiguan (SJ 5) and Hegu (LI 4); Futu (ST 32). Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); etc. The acupuncture needles were retained for 30 min after "Deqi". Rehabilitation training included passive joint movement, standing-sitting training, tapping-pressing stimulation, walking training, etc. The treatment was conducted once daily, 5 sessions a week and for 4 weeks. Fugl-Meyer scale composed of 100-point motor domain of the upper- and lower-extremity sections was used to assess the patients' motor function. On day 28 after the treatment, of the 83.84 and 87 hemiplegic stroke patients in the JSZ, rehabilitation and combination groups, 48 (57.8%), 31 (36.9%) and 50 (57.5%) experienced marked improvement in their clinical symptoms and signs, 26 (31.3%), 44 (52.4%) and 31(35.6%) had an improvement, and 9 (10.8%), 9 (10.7%) and 6 (6.9%) failed in the treatment, with the total effective rates being 89.2%, 89.3% and 93.1%, respectively. The neurological deficit score (NDS) of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the rehabilitation group (P < 0.05). The Fugl-Meyer assessment score (FMAS) for extremity motor function of the combination group was apparently higher than those of the JSZ and rehabilitation groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the JSZ and rehabilitation groups in both NDS and FMAS (P > 0.05). Jin's "Sanzhen" therapy combined with rehabilitation training can significantly improve the limb motor function of hemiplegic stroke patients, and has a good synergistic effect.

[Medical exchanges among China and Asiana countries].

PubMed

Chen, H

1996-01-01

Among the issues of medical exchanges, medicaments are more often encountered than medical issues, based on ancient Chinese literatures, early in the Han-Jin Dynasties, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei had exchanges with China, also in Sui-Tang Dynasties. In the Song-Yuan Dynasties, ancient Singapore and the Philippines also incorporated in exchanges of medicament and goods. In the Ming-Qing dynasties, these 6 Asian countries had even more close contact with China, especially in trades and medical exchanges among the masses, carried out in a large scale thus, promoting the advent and development of TCM in Asiana Regions.

Electronic, ductile, phase transition and mechanical properties of Lu-monopnictides under high pressures.

PubMed

Gupta, Dinesh C; Bhat, Idris Hamid

2013-12-01

The structural, elastic and electronic properties of lutatium-pnictides (LuN, LuP, LuAs, LuSb, and LuBi) were analyzed by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave within generalized gradient approximation in the stable rock-salt structure (B1 phase) with space group Fm-3m and high-pressure CsCl structure (B2 phase) with space group Pm-3m. Hubbard-U and spin-orbit coupling were included to predict correctly the semiconducting band gap of LuN. Under compression, these materials undergo first-order structural transitions from B1 to B2 phases at 241, 98, 56.82, 25.2 and 32.3 GPa, respectively. The computed elastic properties show that LuBi is ductile by nature. The electronic structure calculations show that LuN is semiconductor at ambient conditions with an indirect band gap of 1.55 eV while other Lu-pnictides are metallic. It was observed that LuN shows metallization at high pressures. The structural properties, viz, equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, transition pressure, equation of state, volume collapse, band gap and elastic moduli, show good agreement with available data.

Growth and luminescent properties of Lu2SiO5 and Lu2SiO5:Ce single crystalline films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorenko, Yu; Nikl, M.; Gorbenko, V.; Mares, J. A.; Savchyn, V.; Voznyak, T.; Solsky, I.; Grynyov, B.; Sidletskiy, O.; Kurtsev, D.; Beitlerova, A.; Kucerkova, R.

2010-11-01

Single crystalline films (SCF) of Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO:Ce) silicates with thickness of 2.5-21 μm were crystallised by liquid phase epitaxy method onto undoped LSO substrates from melt-solution based on PbO-B2O3 flux. The luminescence and scintillation properties of LSO and LSO:Ce SCFs were compared with the properties of a reference LSO:Ce and LYSO:Ce crystals. The light yield (LY) of LSO and LSO:Ce SCF reaches up 30 % and 145 %, respectively, of that of a reference LSO:Ce crystal under excitation by α-particles of 241Am source (5.5 MeV). We found that the luminescence spectrum of LSO:Ce SCF is red-shifted with respect to the spectrum of a reference LSO:Ce crystal. Differences in luminescence properties of LSO:Ce SCF and single crystal are explained by the different distribution of Ce3+ over the Lu1 and Lu2 positions of LSO host and are also due to Pb2+ contamination in the former.

Simulation of projected water demand and ground-water levels in the Coffee Sand and Eutaw-McShan aquifers in Union County, Mississippi, 2010 through 2050

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hutson, Susan S.; Strom, E.W.; Burt, D.E.; Mallory, M.J.

2000-01-01

Ground water from the Eutaw-McShan and the Coffee Sand aquifers is the major source of supply for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes in Union County, Mississippi. Unbiased, scientifically sound data and assessments are needed to assist agencies in better understanding and managing available water resources as continuing development and growth places more stress on available resources. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, conducted an investigation using water-demand and ground-water models to evaluate the effect of future water demand on groundwater levels. Data collected for the 12 public-supply facilities and the self-supplied commercial and industrial facilities in Union County were used to construct water-demand models. The estimates of water demand to year 2050 were then input to a ground-water model based on the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference computer code, MODFLOW. Total ground-water withdrawals for Union County in 1998 were estimated as 2.85 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Of that amount, municipal withdrawals were 2.55 Mgal/d with about 1.50 Mgal/d (59 percent) delivered to residential users. Nonmunicipal withdrawals were 0.296 Mgal/d. About 80 percent (2.27 Mgal/d) of the total ground-water withdrawal is produced from the Eutaw-McShan aquifer and about 13 percent (0.371 Mgal/d) from the Coffee Sand aquifer. Between normal- and high-growth conditions, total water demand could increase from 72 to 131 percent (2.9 Mgal/d in 1998 to 6.7 Mgal/d in year 2050) with municipal demand increasing from 77 to 146 percent (2.6 to 6.4 Mgal/d). Increased pumping to meet the demand for water was simulated to determine the effect on water levels in the Coffee Sand and Eutaw- McShan aquifers. Under baseline-growth conditions, increased water use by year 2050 could result in an additional 65 feet of drawdown in the New Albany area below year 2000 water levels in the Coffee Sand aquifer and about 120 feet of

Radiation exposure after 177Lu-DOTATATE and 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.

PubMed

Mair, Christian; Warwitz, Boris; Fink, Katharina; Scarpa, Lorenza; Nilica, Bernhard; Maffey-Steffan, Johanna; Buxbaum, Sabine; Virgolini, Irene J

2018-05-23

As radionuclide therapy is gaining importance in palliative treatment of patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumour (NET) as well as castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the radiation protection of patients, staff, family members and the general public is of increasing interest. Here, we determine patient discharge dates according to European guidelines. In 40 patients with NET and 25 patients with CRPC organ and tumour doses based on the MIRD concept were calculated from data obtained during the first therapy cycle. Planar whole body images were recorded at 0.5, 4, 20, 68 und 92 h postinjection. Residence times were calculated from the respective time-activity-curves based on the conjugated view method. Residence times for critical organs were fitted into the commercially available OLINDA software to calculate the organ doses. The doses of tumours and salivary glands were calculated via their self-irradiation by approximation with spheres of equivalent volume. Kidney volumes were gained by organ segmentation, volumes of all other organs were estimated by means of OLINDA and hence were lean body mass corrected. Out of the whole body curves reference points for patient discharge were estimated. In patients with NET discharge dates could be properly estimated from dosimetric data, which is not only crucial for radiation protection, but also makes therapy planning easier. For 177 Lu-PSMA-617 ligand therapy it is difficult to seriously estimate a generalized discharge date due to large interpatient variation resulting from different tumor loads and heavy pre-treatment. Patient release is predictable for 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy but not for 177 Lu-PSMA ligand therapy.

Energy Transfer Processes in (Lu,Gd)AlO3:Ce

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

studies on energy transfer processes in Ce-activated Lu, Y and Gd aluminum perovskite crystals that contribute to production of scintillation light in...LuAIO3, GdA10 3, cerium, scintillators, VUV spectroscopy, luminescence, time profiles, energy transfer 1. INTRODUCTION The yttrium aluminum perovskite...The Czochralski-grown monocrystals of LuAP:Ce were first evaluated in a garnet -free perovskite phase by Lempicki et al. in 1994 .4 More detailed

The impact of lake level variation on seismicity around XianNvShan fault in the Three Gorge area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, W.; Li, J.; Zhang, L.

2017-12-01

Since the impounding of Three Gorge Project in 2003,more than 10000 earthquakes have been recorded by the digital telemetry seismic network. Most of them occurred around the GaoQiao fault and the Northern segment of XianNvShan fault . In March 2014, the M4.3 and M4.7 earthquake happened in the northern segment of Xiannvshshan fault .In order to study the relationship between the seismicity around the XianNvShan fault and the lake level variation, we had been deployed 5 temporal seismic stations in this area from 2015 to 2016. More than 3000 earthquakes recorded during the time of temporal seismic monitoring are located by hypo-center of by waveform cross-correlation and double-difference method. The depth of most earthquakes is from 5 to 7 km.but it is obvious that the variation of depth is relate to the fluctuation of water level.

177Lu-labeled Gold Nanoparticles for Radiation Therapy of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yook, Simmyung

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) occurs in about 10-15% of patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) and 30% of these patients have triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that are often epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive. The goal of the proposed research was design and evaluate preclinically a novel radiation nanomedicine for LABC composed of EGFR-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNP) by covalently conjugating panitumumab and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) complexing 177Lu incorporated into a metal-chelating polymer (MCP) (177 Lu-T-AuNP) which could be used as a neoadjuvant treatment to improve the outcome of patients with LABC. 177Lu-T-AuNP were efficiently internalized by EGFR-positive BC cells and were significantly more effective than 177Lu-labeled and non-targeted (NT)-AuNP for killing these cells. For radiation treatment of EGFR-positive tumours, both 177Lu-T-AuNP and 177Lu-NT-AuNP were intratumourally (i.t.) injected into athymic mice with MDA-MB-468 BC xenografts for comparison. Biodistribution studies showed that 177Lu-T-AuNPs exhibited 2-fold higher tumour retention than 177Lu-NT-AuNPs following i.t. injection at 48 h p.i. Both forms of radiolabeled AuNP were highly effective for inhibiting tumour growth without normal organ toxicity due to local tumour retention of both form of AuNP. To minimize the displacement of 177Lu-labeled MCP from AuNP, polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands presenting a disulfide [ 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS)], a lipoic acid (LA) [177Lu-DOTA-PEG-lipoic acid (LA)] or multi-LA [PEG- pGlu(177Lu-DOTA)8-LA4] for multivalent binding were synthesized and the stability of MCP-AuNP complexes determined. In vitro challenge study with thiol-containing molecules or human plasma, PEG-pGlu(DOTA)8-LA4-AuNP were most stable. In whole body elimination study, elimination of radioactivity due to displacement of 177Lu-MCP from AuNP in mice injected with 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-OPSS-AuNP was more

Climate change impacts on glaciers and runoff in Tien Shan (Central Asia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sorg, A. F.; Bolch, T.; Stoffel, M.; Solomina, O.; Beniston, M.

2012-12-01

Climate-driven changes in glacier-fed streamflow regimes have direct implications on freshwater supply, irrigation and hydropower potential. Reliable information about current and future glaciation and runoff is crucial for water allocation and, hence, for social and ecological stability. Although the impacts of climate change on glaciation and runoff have been addressed in previous work undertaken in the Tien Shan (known as the 'water tower of Central Asia'), a coherent, regional perspective of these findings has not been presented until now. In our study, we explore the range of changes in glaciation in different climatic regions of the Tien Shan based on existing data. We show that the majority of Tien Shan glaciers experienced accelerated glacier wasting since the mid-1970s and that glacier shrinkage is most pronounced in peripheral, lower-elevation ranges near the densely populated forelands, where summers are dry and where snow and glacial meltwater is essential for water availability. The annual glacier area shrinkage rates since the middle of the twentieth century are 0.38-0.76% per year in the outer ranges, 0.15-0.40% per year in the inner ranges and 0.05-0.31% per year in the eastern ranges. This regionally non-uniform response to climate change implies that glacier shrinkage is less severe in the continental inner ranges than in the more humid outer ranges. Glaciers in the inner ranges react with larger time lags to climate change, because accumulation and thus mass turnover of the mainly cold glaciers are relatively small. Moreover, shrinkage is especially pronounced on small or fragmented glaciers, which are widely represented in the outer regions. The relative insensitivity of glaciers in the inner ranges is further accentuated by the higher average altitude, as the equilibrium line altitude ranges from 3'500 to 3'600 masl in the outer ranges to 4'400 masl in the inner ranges. For our study, we used glacier change assessments based both on direct data

LU-HF Age and Isotope Systematics of ALH84001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Righter, M.; Lapen, T. J.; Brandon, A. D.; Beard, B. L.; Shafer, J. T.; Peslier, A. H.

2009-01-01

Allan Hills (ALH) 84001 is an orthopyroxenite that is unique among the Martian meteorites in having the oldest inferred crystallization age (approx..4.5 to 4.0 Gyr) [e.g., 1-6 and references therein 7]. Its ancient origin makes this stone a critical constraint on early history of Mars, in particular the evolution of different planetary crust and mantle reservoirs. However, because there is significant variability in reported crystallization ages, determination of initial isotope compositions is imprecise making assessment of planetary reservoirs difficult. Here we report a new Lu-Hf mineral isochron age, initial Hf-176/Hf-177 isotope composition, and inferred Martian mantle source compositions for ALH84001 that place constraints on longlived source reservoirs for the enriched shergottite suite of Martian meteorites including Shergotty, Zagami, NWA4468, NWA856, RBT04262, LAR06319, and Los Angeles. Sm-Nd isotope analyses are under way for the same mineral aliquots analyzed for Lu-Hf. The Lu-Hf system was utilized because Lu and Hf are both lithophile and refractory and are not easily redistributed during short-lived thermal pulses associated with shock metamorphism. Moreover, chromite has relatively modest Hf concentrations with very low Lu/Hf ratios [9] yielding tight constraints on initial Hf-176/Hf-177 isotope compositions

The impact of the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" on PM2.5 concentrations in Jing-Jin-Ji region during 2012-2020.

PubMed

Cai, Siyi; Wang, Yangjun; Zhao, Bin; Wang, Shuxiao; Chang, Xing; Hao, Jiming

2017-02-15

In order to cope with heavy haze pollution in China, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan including phased goals of the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was issued in 2013. In this study, China's emission inventories in the baseline 2012 and the future scenarios of 2017 and 2020 have been developed based on this Action Plan. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, one of the most polluted regions in China, was taken as a case to assess the impact of phased emission control measures on PM 2.5 concentration reduction using WRF-CMAQ model system. With the implementation of the Action Plan, the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ) , PM 2.5 , non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC), and ammonia (NH 3 ) in 2017 will decrease by36%, 31%, 30%,12%, and -10% from the 2012 levels in Jing-Jin-Ji, respectively. In 2020, the emissions of SO 2 , NO X, PM 2.5 , NMVOC, and NH 3 will decrease by 40%, 44%, 40%, 22%, and -3% from the 2012 levels in Jing-Jin-Ji, respectively. Consequently, the ambient annual PM 2.5 concentration under the scenarios of 2017 and 2020 will be 28.3% and 37.8% lower than those in 2012, respectively. The Action Plan provided an effective approach to alleviate PM 2.5 pollution level in Jing-Jin-Ji region. However, emission control of NMVOC and NH 3 should be paid more attention and be strengthened in future. Meanwhile, emission control of NO x , SO 2 , NH 3 and NMVOC synergistically are highly needed in the future because multiple pollutants impact on PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations nonlinearly. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of structural and electrical properties of Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} gate dielectrics for α-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pan, Tung-Ming, E-mail: tmpan@mail.cgu.edu.tw; Chen, Ching-Hung; Her, Jim-Long

We compared the structural properties and electrical characteristics of high-κ Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} gate dielectrics for amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (α-InGaZnO) thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. The Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} film has a strong Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} (400) peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern, while the Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} sample shows a relatively weak Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} (102) peak. Atomic force microscopy reveals that the Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} dielectric exhibits a rougher surface (about three times) than Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} one. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, we found that the intensity of the O 1s peak corresponding tomore » Lu(OH){sub x} for Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} film was higher than that of Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} film. Furthermore, compared with the Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} dielectric, the α-InGaZnO TFT using the Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} gate dielectric exhibited a lower threshold voltage (from 0.43 to 0.25 V), a higher I{sub on}/I{sub off} current ratio (from 3.5 × 10{sup 6} to 1.3 × 10{sup 8}), a smaller subthreshold swing (from 276 to 130 mV/decade), and a larger field-effect mobility (from 14.5 to 24.4 cm{sup 2}/V s). These results are probably due to the incorporation of TiO{sub x} into the Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} film to form a Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} structure featuring a smooth surface, a low moisture absorption, a high dielectric constant, and a low interface state density at the oxide/channel interface. Furthermore, the stability of Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Lu{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} α-InGaZnO TFTs was investigated under positive gate-bias stress (PGBS) and negative gate-bias stress (NGBS). The threshold voltage of the TFT performed under NGBS is more degradation than that under PGBS. This behavior may be attributed to the electron charge trapping at the dielectric–channel interface under PGBS, whereas the oxygen vacancies occurred in the InGaZnO under NGBS.« less

Author's Rebuttal to Smits et al. (2018), "Comment on 'Sensitivity of the Speech Intelligibility Index to the Assumed Dynamic Range' by Jin et al. (2017)".

PubMed

Jin, In-Ki; Kates, James M; Arehart, Kathryn H

2018-01-22

The purpose of this letter is to refute the comments written by Smits, Goverts, and Versfeld (2018). Refutations to each issue including the fixed mathematical relationship between dynamic range (DR) and a fitting constant (Q value), deviating results for small DRs, and determination of Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) model parameters are described. Although Smits et al. (2018) correctly identified several issues, those comments do not diminish the results of the original article (Jin, Kates, & Arehart, 2017) in providing new insights for the SII. Jin et al. (2017) clearly provided the impact of languages and DR on the SII, which was the main result of the study.

Gamma radiation exposure of accompanying persons due to Lu-177 patients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovan, Bilal; Demir, Bayram; Tuncman, Duygu; Capali, Veli; Turkmen, Cuneyt

2015-07-01

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are cancers usually observed and arisen in the stomach, intestine, pancreas and breathing system. Recently, radionuclide therapy applications with Lu-177 peptide compound are rapidly growing; especially effective clinical results are obtained in the treatment of well-differentiated and metastatic NET. In this treatment, Lu-177-DOTA, a beta emitter radioisotope in the radiopharmaceutical form, is given to the patient by intravenous way. Lu-177 has also gamma rays apart from beta rays. Gamma rays have 175 keV average energy and these gamma rays should be under the control in terms of radiation protection. In this study, we measured the exposure dose from the Lu-177 patient.

[Chinese books on human anatomy published in the late Qing dynasty].

PubMed

Matsumoto, Hideshi

2007-12-01

Quanti-chanwei (1881) is the first technical book on human anatomy written in Chinese and brought to Modern China. It was compiled and translated on the basis of Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical (first edition in 1858) by Henry Gray. Quanti-chanwei was published with intent to establish Chinese translations for terms referring to anatomy, and it gained broad support from medical missionaries who mainly served in Guangdong, Shanghai, and Fuzhou at that time. Quanti-tongkao (1886) was also complied and translated on the basis of Gray' Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical. It was published from Jingshi Tongwen Guan, The Academy of Foreign Languages in the Qing dynasty, and they selected different words for the translation into Chinese from Quanti-chanwei. Thus, although Gray' Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical played a great role in the introduction of Western Medicine into Modern China, there was no accordance between the national government and the provinces regarding Chinese translations for terms referring to anatomy.

Incorporation of Pr into LuAG ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchewka, M. R.; Chapman, M. G.; Qian, H.; Jacobsohn, L. G.

2017-06-01

An investigation of the effects of Pr in (Lu1-xPrx)3Al5O12 (LuAG:Pr) ceramics was carried out by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) measurements coupled with luminescence measurements. It was found that the Pr concentration that maximizes luminescence emission depends on the thermal processing conditions. While the calcined LuAG:Pr powder showed maximum luminescence emission for Pr concentrations between 0.18 and 0.33 at.%, maximum emission of ceramic bodies sintered at 1500 °C for 20 h was obtained with Pr concentrations between 0.018 and 0.18 at.%. Further, for short sintering times up to about 3 h, luminescence emission intensity is maximum for Pr concentrations around 0.33 at.%. Longer sintering times lead to the formation of PrAlO3 as a secondary phase, concomitant with a reduction of the intensity of luminescence emission.

[Analysis on origin and evolution of mumps].

PubMed

Zhao, Yan

2004-10-01

There was a preliminary recognition on mumps during the Qin-Han to Sui-Tang dynasty, laying a foundation for the scholastic development on this topic in later generations. The title of this disease was identified in Song-Jin-Yuan dynasty with gradual deepening on its principle-method-formula-medication system, a great progress of recognition as compared with the previous ages. In the Ming-Qing dynasty, the recognition became even more systematic, with certain breakthrough in the system of principle-method-formula-medication. In modern age, the experiences were inherited and developed to integrate to modern biomedicine, so that the theory and clinical practice become even more perfect.

LuIII Parvovirus Selectively and Efficiently Targets, Replicates in, and Kills Human Glioma Cells

PubMed Central

Paglino, Justin C.; Ozduman, Koray

2012-01-01

Because productive infection by parvoviruses requires cell division and is enhanced by oncogenic transformation, some parvoviruses may have potential utility in killing cancer cells. To identify the parvovirus(es) with the optimal oncolytic effect against human glioblastomas, we screened 12 parvoviruses at a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). MVMi, MVMc, MVM-G17, tumor virus X (TVX), canine parvovirus (CPV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), rat parvovirus 1A (RPV1A), and H-3 were relatively ineffective. The four viruses with the greatest oncolytic activity, LuIII, H-1, MVMp, and MVM-G52, were tested for the ability, at a low MOI, to progressively infect the culture over time, causing cell death at a rate higher than that of cell proliferation. LuIII alone was effective in all five human glioblastomas tested. H-1 progressively infected only two of five; MVMp and MVM-G52 were ineffective in all five. To investigate the underlying mechanism of LuIII's phenotype, we used recombinant parvoviruses with the LuIII capsid replacing the MVMp capsid or with molecular alteration of the P4 promoter. The LuIII capsid enhanced efficient replication and oncolysis in MO59J gliomas cells; other gliomas tested required the entire LuIII genome to exhibit enhanced infection. LuIII selectively infected glioma cells over normal glial cells in vitro. In mouse models, human glioblastoma xenografts were selectively infected by LuIII when administered intratumorally; LuIII reduced tumor growth by 75%. LuIII also had the capacity to selectively infect subcutaneous or intracranial gliomas after intravenous inoculation. Intravenous or intracranial LuIII caused no adverse effects. Intracranial LuIII caused no infection of mature mouse neurons or glia in vivo but showed a modest infection of developing neurons. PMID:22553327

LuIII parvovirus selectively and efficiently targets, replicates in, and kills human glioma cells.

PubMed

Paglino, Justin C; Ozduman, Koray; van den Pol, Anthony N

2012-07-01

Because productive infection by parvoviruses requires cell division and is enhanced by oncogenic transformation, some parvoviruses may have potential utility in killing cancer cells. To identify the parvovirus(es) with the optimal oncolytic effect against human glioblastomas, we screened 12 parvoviruses at a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). MVMi, MVMc, MVM-G17, tumor virus X (TVX), canine parvovirus (CPV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), rat parvovirus 1A (RPV1A), and H-3 were relatively ineffective. The four viruses with the greatest oncolytic activity, LuIII, H-1, MVMp, and MVM-G52, were tested for the ability, at a low MOI, to progressively infect the culture over time, causing cell death at a rate higher than that of cell proliferation. LuIII alone was effective in all five human glioblastomas tested. H-1 progressively infected only two of five; MVMp and MVM-G52 were ineffective in all five. To investigate the underlying mechanism of LuIII's phenotype, we used recombinant parvoviruses with the LuIII capsid replacing the MVMp capsid or with molecular alteration of the P4 promoter. The LuIII capsid enhanced efficient replication and oncolysis in MO59J gliomas cells; other gliomas tested required the entire LuIII genome to exhibit enhanced infection. LuIII selectively infected glioma cells over normal glial cells in vitro. In mouse models, human glioblastoma xenografts were selectively infected by LuIII when administered intratumorally; LuIII reduced tumor growth by 75%. LuIII also had the capacity to selectively infect subcutaneous or intracranial gliomas after intravenous inoculation. Intravenous or intracranial LuIII caused no adverse effects. Intracranial LuIII caused no infection of mature mouse neurons or glia in vivo but showed a modest infection of developing neurons.

Comparative effects of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise training on benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Liu, XiangYun; Huang, Guoyuan; Chen, Peijie; Li, Yong; Xiang, JiuLin; Chen, Ting; Wang, Ru

2016-07-16

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur very commonly in older men. BPH and LUTS cause substantial physical and psychological impairment that could seriously affect the quality of late life and greatly cost the health-care systems. Current surgical and pharmacological therapies are expensive, may not effectively improve prostate function and health but cause adverse effects. There is an urgent need to find new and effective non-pharmacological preventions and treatments. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi are two common traditional Chinese mind-body exercises with different movements and techniques, but both emphasize regulating functional homeostasis and keeping whole body harmony. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi have not been studied much for potentially use in the treatment of BPH-related problems. The primary purpose of this protocol is to assess the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi on the monographic and functional changes of prostate in older men. A prospective single-center randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 150 old men (60-70 years old) will be recruited from the urban tertiary of Shanghai, China. Of these, 50 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a control group and two intervention groups with either Yi Jin Jing or Tai Chi exercise training. They will undergo 30 minutes for each exercise for five times a week for 6 months. The primary outcomes are changes of signs and symptoms in BPH and lower urinary tract from baseline to post-intervention. The main secondary outcomes are exercise-induced effects on the circulating levels of estrogen and androgen. All the outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the 6-month intervention, and at the 3-month post-intervention follow-up. This proposed study will be the first comparative randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise on prostate health among older

Consumption-based Total Suspended Particulate Matter Emissions in Jing-Jin-Ji Area of China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, S.; Chen, S.; Chen, B.

2014-12-01

The highly-industrialized regions in China have been facing a serious problem of haze mainly consisted of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), which has attracted great attention from the public since it directly impairs human health and clinically increases the risks of various respiratory and pulmonary diseases. In this paper, we set up a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to analyze the transferring routes of TSPM emissions between regions through trades. TSPM emission from particulate source regions and sectors are identified by analyzing the embodied TSPM flows through monetary flow and carbon footprint. The track of TSPM from origin to end via consumption activities are also revealed by tracing the product supply chain associated with the TSPM emissions. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) as the most industrialized area of China is selected for a case study. The result shows that over 70% of TSPM emissions associated with goods consumed in Beijing and Tianjin occurred outside of their own administrative boundaries, implying that Beijing and Tianjin are net embodied TSPM importers. Meanwhile, 63% of the total TSPM emissions in Hebei Province are resulted from the outside demand, indicating Hebei is a net exporter. In addition, nearly half of TSPM emissions are the by-products related to electricity and heating supply and non-metal mineral products in Jing-Jin-Ji Area. Based on the model results, we provided new insights into establishing systemic strategies and identifying mitigation priorities to stem TSPM emissions in China. Keywords: total suspended particulate matter (TSPM); urban ecosystem modeling; multi-regional input-output (MRIO); China

177Lu-DOTA-Bevacizumab: Radioimmunotherapy Agent for Melanoma.

PubMed

Camacho, Ximena; Calzada, Victoria; Fernandez, Marcelo; Alonso, Omar; Chammas, Roger; Riva, Eloisa; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Cabral, Pablo

2017-01-01

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the classic factors to tumor-induced angiogenesis in several types, including melanoma. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF. To radiolabel Bevacizumab with 177-Lutetium as a potential radioimmunotherapy agent for melanoma. Bevacizumab was derivatized with DOTA-NHS-ester at 4 ºC for 18 h. DOTABevacizumab was radiolabeled with 177LuCl3 (15 MBq/mg) at 37 ºC for 1 h. The studies were performed in healthy and B16F1 tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice at 24 and 48 h (n = 5). Scinthigraphic imaging studies were performed at 24 h to determine the radiochemical stability, targeting specificity and pharmacokinetics of the 177Lutetium-labeled antibody. DOTA-Bevacizumab was efficiently labeled with 177LuCl3 at 37 °C. The in-vitro stability of labeled product was optimal over 72 h. In-vivo biodistribution studies showed a high liver and tumor uptake of 177Lu-DOTA-Bevacizumab, with tumor-to-muscle ratios of 11.58 and 6.37 at 24 and 48 h p.i. Scintigraphic imaging of melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice showed liver and a high tumor selective uptake of 177Lu-DOTA-Bevacizumab at 24 h. Our results support the potential role of 177Lu-DOTA-Bevacizumab as a novel radioimmunotherapy agent for melanoma. We hope that these novel molecular imaging agents will open the path to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Melanoma disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Lu-Hf CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF LUNAR BASALTS.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fujimaki, Hirokazu; Tatsumoto, Mistunobu

1984-01-01

The authors show that a cumulate-remelting model best explains the recently acquired data on the Lu-Hf systematics of lunar mare basalts. The authors model is first constructed using the Lu and Hf concentration data and it is then further strengthened by the Hf isotopic evidence. The authors also show that the similarity of MgO/FeO ratios and the Cr//2O//3 contents between high-Ti and low-Ti basalts, which have been given significance by A. E. Ringwood and D. H. Green are not important constraints for lunar basalt petrogenesis. The authors principal aim is to revive the remelting model for further consideration with the powerful constraints of Lu-Hf systematics of lunar basalts.

Protective effect of a Chinese Medicine formula He-Ying-Qing-Re Formula on diabetic retinopathy.

PubMed

Wang, Leilei; Wang, Ning; Tan, Hor-yue; Zhang, Yinjian; Feng, Yibin

2015-07-01

He-Ying-Qing-Re Formula (HF) is a formula modified from "Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction", a traditional Chinese medical classic emerged in the Qing dynasty and has been reported for treatment of vascular diseases. HF, containing 8 herbs, has been used in local hospital for decades as a complementary method for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with retinal vascular dysfunction. Clinical reports revealed HF could ameliorate vision defects, microaneurysms, hemorrhages and macular edema. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-DR action of HF and its underlying mechanism experimentally. Chromatographic fingerprinting of HF and rodent model of DR were established; hypoglycemic effect of HF was measured by fasting, random blood glucose and glucose tolerance test; vascular degeneration was measured by retinal digestion; blood-retina-barrier (BRB) permeability was assessed with Evans Blue leakage assay. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were measured in vitro and in vivo level; Migration of retinal vascular endothelial cells were determined by wound healing and transwell chamber assays; permeability of endothelial monolayer was monitored with dextran transport. AGEs-related proteins and signaling were measured with immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and arctin were identified as major components in HF; HF suppresses retinal vasculature degeneration and BRB permeability damage without significant inhibition on hyperglycemia; HF reduces in vitro and in vivo formation of AGEs and AGEs-induced migration as well as permeability of retinal vascular endothelial cells. Expression of tight junction proteins Zo-1 and Claudin-1 was increased while activation of AGEs receptor and downstream signaling Akt were suppressed upon HF treatment. HF exhibits protective effect against diabetic retinopathy, which may be associated with inhibition on AGEs and recovery on endothelial dysfunction via modulation of tight junction and AGEs downstream signaling

Multiparticle configurations of excited states in 155Lu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carroll, R. J.; Hadinia, B.; Qi, C.; Joss, D. T.; Page, R. D.; Uusitalo, J.; Andgren, K.; Cederwall, B.; Darby, I. G.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Grahn, T.; Gray-Jones, C.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Seweryniak, D.; Simpson, J.

2016-12-01

Excited states in the neutron-deficient N =84 nuclide 155Lu have been populated by using the 102Pd(58Ni,α p ) reaction. The 155Lu nuclei were separated by using the gas-filled recoil ion transport unit (RITU) separator and implanted into the Si detectors of the gamma recoil electron alpha tagging (GREAT) spectrometer. Prompt γ -ray emissions measured at the target position using the JUROGAM Ge detector array were assigned to 155Lu through correlations with α decays measured in GREAT. Structures feeding the (11 /2-) and (25 /2-)α -decaying states have been revised and extended. Shell-model calculations have been performed and are found to reproduce the excitation energies of several of the low-lying states observed to within an average of 71 keV. In particular, the seniority inversion of the 25 /2- and 27 /2- states is reproduced.

Timing and process of river and lake terrace formation in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgette, Reed J.; Weldon, Ray J.; Abdrakhmatov, Kanatbek Ye.; Ormukov, Cholponbek; Owen, Lewis A.; Thompson, Stephen C.

2017-03-01

Well-preserved flights of river and lake terraces traverse an actively deforming rangefront, and form a link between glaciated mountains and a large intermontane lake in the Issyk-Kul basin of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. We investigated the history and geometry of these lake and river terraces using geologic mapping, surveying, and radiocarbon and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating. A prominent late Pleistocene highstand of the lake occurred over at least the period of 43-25 ka, followed by a period of deep regression and subsequent rise of the lake to the modern sill level in the late Holocene. Major aggradation of the most prominent latest Quaternary river terrace along the Ak-Terek and Barskaun rivers likely started at ∼70-60 ka, coincident to the local last glacial maximum in this region. In contrast to some models of aggradation and incision, the rivers appear to have stayed near the top of the fill for >20 ka, incising subtly below the top of this fill by ∼37 ka, locally. Deep incision likely did not occur until the peak deglaciation in the latest Pleistocene. Older dated terrace surfaces are consistent with one major terrace-forming event per glacial, constant deformation and incision rates, and typical fluvial gradients lower than the modern incising streams. The dating confirms regional terrace correlations for the most prominent late Quaternary terraces, but correlating higher terraces is complicated by spatially varying uplift rates and preferential terrace preservation between basins in the Tien Shan.

Full Waveform 2.5D Teleseismic Surface Wave Tomography with Application to the Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roecker, S. W.; Priestley, K. F.; Baker, B. I.

2011-12-01

We adapt the 2.5D spectral domain finite difference waveform tomography algorithm of Roecker et al. (2010) to permit the analysis of teleseismically recorded surface waves. The teleseismic body wave technique of generating synthetic waveforms by specifying an analytic solution for a background wavefield in a 1D model and solving for a scattered field excited by this background is equally applicable to surface waves. We use the locked mode approach of Gomberg and Masters (1988) to calculate the background Greens functions at each point of the finite difference (FD) grid. Because of the much greater concentration of energy at the surface, we adopt the cell-based FD operators of Min et al. (2004) to calculate the free surface boundary conditions, and the generalized stretching function of Komatitch and Martin (2007) to improve the absorption in the PML. We use this algorithm to analyze broad band seismograms of events in Sumatra recorded by the MANAS array in the Tien Shan. Our results show that the upper mantle beneath much of the central Tien Shan has shear wavespeeds at least 10% lower than the lithosphere beneath the Tarim basin to the south or the Kazach shield to the north. At the same time, there appears to be a remnant lithospheric lid beneath the Kyrgyz range in the north, an observation consistent with previous receiver function studies in this area.

Phase 3 Trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors.

PubMed

Strosberg, Jonathan; El-Haddad, Ghassan; Wolin, Edward; Hendifar, Andrew; Yao, James; Chasen, Beth; Mittra, Erik; Kunz, Pamela L; Kulke, Matthew H; Jacene, Heather; Bushnell, David; O'Dorisio, Thomas M; Baum, Richard P; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Caplin, Martyn; Lebtahi, Rachida; Hobday, Timothy; Delpassand, Ebrahim; Van Cutsem, Eric; Benson, Al; Srirajaskanthan, Rajaventhan; Pavel, Marianne; Mora, Jaime; Berlin, Jordan; Grande, Enrique; Reed, Nicholas; Seregni, Ettore; Öberg, Kjell; Lopera Sierra, Maribel; Santoro, Paola; Thevenet, Thomas; Erion, Jack L; Ruszniewski, Philippe; Kwekkeboom, Dik; Krenning, Eric

2017-01-12

Patients with advanced midgut neuroendocrine tumors who have had disease progression during first-line somatostatin analogue therapy have limited therapeutic options. This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lutetium-177 ( 177 Lu)-Dotatate in patients with advanced, progressive, somatostatin-receptor-positive midgut neuroendocrine tumors. We randomly assigned 229 patients who had well-differentiated, metastatic midgut neuroendocrine tumors to receive either 177 Lu-Dotatate (116 patients) at a dose of 7.4 GBq every 8 weeks (four intravenous infusions, plus best supportive care including octreotide long-acting repeatable [LAR] administered intramuscularly at a dose of 30 mg) ( 177 Lu-Dotatate group) or octreotide LAR alone (113 patients) administered intramuscularly at a dose of 60 mg every 4 weeks (control group). The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points included the objective response rate, overall survival, safety, and the side-effect profile. The final analysis of overall survival will be conducted in the future as specified in the protocol; a prespecified interim analysis of overall survival was conducted and is reported here. At the data-cutoff date for the primary analysis, the estimated rate of progression-free survival at month 20 was 65.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.0 to 76.8) in the 177 Lu-Dotatate group and 10.8% (95% CI, 3.5 to 23.0) in the control group. The response rate was 18% in the 177 Lu-Dotatate group versus 3% in the control group (P<0.001). In the planned interim analysis of overall survival, 14 deaths occurred in the 177 Lu-Dotatate group and 26 in the control group (P=0.004). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia occurred in 1%, 2%, and 9%, respectively, of patients in the 177 Lu-Dotatate group as compared with no patients in the control group, with no evidence of renal toxic effects during the observed time frame. Treatment with 177 Lu

Optimization of irradiation conditions for {sup 177}Lu production at the LVR-15 research reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lahodova, Z.; Viererbl, L.; Klupak, V.

2012-07-01

The use of lutetium in medicine has been increasing over the last few years. The {sup 177}Lu radionuclide is commercially available for research and test purposes as a diagnostic and radiotherapy agent in the treatment of several malignant tumours. The yield of {sup 177}Lu from the {sup 176}Lu(n,{gamma}){sup 177}Lu nuclear reaction depends significantly on the thermal neutron fluence rate. The capture cross-sections of both reaction {sup 176}Lu(n,{gamma}){sup 177}Lu and reaction {sup 177}Lu(n,{gamma}){sup 178}Lu are very high. Therefore a burn-up of target and product nuclides should be taken into account when calculating {sup 177}Lu activity. The maximum irradiation time, when themore » activity of the {sup 177}Lu radionuclide begins to decline, was found for different fluence rates. Two vertical irradiation channels at the LVR-15 nuclear research reactor were compared in order to choose the channel with better irradiation conditions, such as a higher thermal neutron fluence rate in the irradiation volume. In this experiment, lutetium was irradiated in a titanium capsule. The influence of the Ti capsule on the neutron spectrum was monitored using activation detectors. The choice of detectors was based on requirements for irradiation time and accurate determination of thermal neutrons. The following activation detectors were selected for measurement of the neutron spectrum: Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Ag and W. (authors)« less

Comparative vectorial efficiency of Lutzomyia evansi and Lu. longipalpis for transmitting Leishmania chagasi.

PubMed

Montoya-Lerma, J; Cadena, H; Oviedo, M; Ready, P D; Barazarte, R; Travi, B L; Lane, R P

2003-01-01

The infection rates and development of Leishmania chagasi in two sandfly species, Lutzomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis, were evaluated under natural and experimental conditions. Natural infection rates of Lu. evansi in San Andrés de Sotavento (Colombia) and Montañas de Peraza (Venezuela) (0.05 and 0.2%, respectively) were similar to those previously recorded for this species in Colombia and Venezuela and for Lu. longipalpis in many foci of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL). Both sand fly species were able to support the development of two Colombian strains of L. chagasi experimentally acquired from dogs, hamsters or membrane feeders. However, the experimental infection rates and the sequence of parasite development in the guts of these sand flies revealed that parasite colonisation, differentiation, migration and attachment were more frequent and uniform in Lu. longipalpis than in Lu. evansi. This is consistent with a more recent association between L. chagasi and Lu. evansi, and these results might help to explain the irregularity of AVL outbreaks in foci where Lu. evansi has been reported as the sole vector. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

Three-dimensional structure of the crust in the central Tien Shan and implications for the geodynamic process of continental mountain building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omuralieva, A.; Nakajima, J.; Hasegawa, A.

2006-12-01

Applying a tomographic method to arrival-time data from shallow local earthquakes registered by Kyrgyz seismic NETwork (KNET), the three-dimensional (3D) velocity structure of the crust beneath Central Tien Shan has been studied. Kyrgyzstan occupies western and central parts of the Tien-Shan and northern Pamir which are prominent consequences of India-Asia Collision surrounded by relatively stable Kazakh shield, Tarim Basin and Turan plate. Accurate and precise tomographic imaging helps us to better understand dynamics of the mountain building, interaction of these tectonic blocks associated with simultaneous mountain building and crustal deformation processes in this complicated region. This study is the first attempt to investigate crustal structure of the Central Tien Shan by means of relatively new data set. Study area is enclosed by 42.00-43.50N and 73.50-76.50E owing to dense station distribution and ray coverage. Arrival time data from ~1500 local earthquakes recorded by a broadband network KNET consisting of 10 stations located in the northern part of Kyrgyzstan during 1995-2005 have been used. We selected earthquakes as uniform as possible in the study area. Most of the earthquakes are located in a depth range of 10 and 20 km. The tomography method by Zhao et al. (JGR, 1992) has been used in this study. We set all layers of grid-net up to Moho discontinuity in the upper and lower crust with spacing 5 km and 10 km depths, respectively. The spacing between grid nodes is 0.3 degree (about 30 km) in horizontal direction. The total number of grid nodes is ~400. The 3-D structure of the upper crust reveals thick sediments within each of the major depression in the region bounded by high-V zone that are believed to be basement. The study area is characterized by an alternation of high-V and low-V layers beneath ranges and basins. The tomographic results exhibit considerable amount of crustal heterogeneities, which confirms the tectonic complexities of the study

Paleoglaciology of the Ala-Archa and Ak-Shyrak areas, Kyrgyz Tian Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomdin, R.; Beel, C.; Caffee, M. W.; Codilean, A.; Gribenski, N.; Harbor, J.; Heyman, J.; Hattestrand, C.; Ivanov, M.; Kassab, C.; Lifton, N. A.; Petrakov, D.; Rogozhina, I.; Stroeven, A. P.; Usubaliev, R.

2012-12-01

We employed detailed glacial geomorphological mapping of the Ala-Archa and Ak-Shyrak areas, Kyrgyz Tian Shan (Shan = Mountains) to build a paleoglaciological reconstruction. These two areas were selected because their glaciers constitute important freshwater reservoirs for downstream communities (the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek, and cities along the Syr Darja which drains towards the Aral Sea, respectively), and because fluctuations in their extent cause both variations in water supply and risks for glacial hazards. Five landform categories were mapped; glacial valleys, marginal moraines, glacial lineations, hummocky terrain, and melt-water channels. These landforms were mapped using a SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) with a 90 m resolution, Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery with a 30 m resolution, Aster GDEM with a 30 m resolution, and Google Earth. This remotely sensed mapping was also checked and complemented by field mapping. The distribution of mapped landforms indicates restricted glaciations, mainly concentrated to the mountain areas. In both ranges marginal moraines extend beyond the furthest extent of glacial valleys. Furthermore, extensive areas of hummocky moraine in Ak-Shyrak extending beyond montane glacial valleys indicate glacial extents into the intermontane basins. Several series of lateral and terminal moraines in the Ala-Archa and Ak-Shyrak ranges have been identified and sampled for cosmogenic nuclide 10Be dating, while associated glaciofluvial sediment was sampled for optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Future work will involve using these samples to build a consistent chronology for glaciation and investigation of contrasts between paleoglaciological reconstructions of valleys within a single range but with different aspects, as well as between ranges. In the final stages of the project we will use intermediate complexity glacier flow models to examine paleoclimatic implications of the observed spatial

The success and complementarity of Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf garnet geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baxter, E. F.; Scherer, E. E.

2013-12-01

Garnet's potential as a direct chronometer of tectonometamorphic processes and conditions was first realized over 30 years ago. Since then, the Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf systems have emerged as the most effective, with both permitting age precision < ×1 Myr. Both have proven successful not merely in dating garnet growth itself, but rather in constraining the ages, durations, and rates of particular earth processes or conditions that can be directly linked to garnet growth via chemical, thermodynamic, or petrographic, means. Appreciating important differences between Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf in terms of contaminant phases, partitioning, daughter element diffusivity, and isotopic analysis makes these two systems powerfully complementary when used and interpreted in concert. Well established, robust analytical methods mitigate the effects of ubiquitous mineral inclusions (monazite is most significant for Sm-Nd; zircon is most significant for Lu-Hf), improving the precision and accuracy of garnet dates from both systems. Parent-daughter ratios tend to be higher for Lu-Hf leading to the potential for better age precision in general. The Lu-176 decay rate is faster than Sm-147, meaning that Lu-Hf provides better age precision potential for young (Cenozoic) samples. However, Sm-Nd provides better precision potential for older (Precambrian) samples primarily because of the higher precisions on the parent-daughter ratios (i.e., 147Sm/144Nd) that can be achieved by ID-TIMS analysis. For dating microsampled zones or growth rings in single garnet crystals, Sm-Nd has proven most successful owing to more uniform distribution of Sm, and established methods to measure <10 ng quantities of Nd at high precision via TIMS. However, new MC-ICP-MS sample introduction technologies are closing this gap for small samples. For analyses of bulk garnet that grew over a protracted interval, Lu-Hf dates are expected to be older than Sm-Nd dates owing to differences in Lu and Sm zonation (i.e. Lu tends to be

Measurement of 173Lu(n,γ) Cross Sections at DANCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roig, O.; Theroine, C.; Ebran, A.; Méot, V.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; Nortier, F. M.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Rundberg, R. S.; Taylor, W. A.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.

2014-05-01

A highly gamma-radioactive target, 3.7 GBq, of 173Lu isotope was placed inside the DANCE array (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) at Los Alamos to study the radiative neutron capture on an unstable isotope. The 173Lu element was produced by naturalHf(p,xn) reactions following by beta-decays at the Isotope Production Facility (IPF). Measurements of radiative neutron capture cross section on 173Lu were achieved at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) spallation neutron source facility over the neutron energy range from thermal up to 1 keV. A special configuration was necessary to perform the experiment using the DANCE [1] array due to the high gamma activity of the target. We will report on the target production, the experiment and the results obtained for the radiative neutron capture on 173Lu. The radiative capture cross section was obtained for the first time on this unstable nucleus. Some resonances have been characterized. A comparison with a recent data evaluation is presented.

"Not just a theory": the relationship between Jin Shin Jyutsu® self-care training for nurses and stress, physical health, emotional health, and caring efficacy.

PubMed

Lamke, Donna; Catlin, Anita; Mason-Chadd, Michelle

2014-12-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of training nurses in Jin Shin Jyutsu® self-care methods and to correlate the training with measurement of the nurses' personal and organizational stress and their perceptions of their caring efficacy for patients. A quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest, and 30- to 40-day posttest design was used. In all, 20 participants received three 2-hour Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care training sessions from a certified Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care trainer (who was also a registered nurse). The training took place over a 1-month period, and participants agreed to practice the self-care daily. Two study instruments, one measuring organizational and personal stress and the second measuring caring efficacy, were completed before the first training, after the last training, and 1 month after the trainings had been completed. Analysis of data from the Personal and Organizational Quality Assessment-Revised by paired t tests showed significant increases in positive outlook, gratitude, motivation, calmness, and communication effectiveness and significant decreases in anger, resentfulness, depression, stress symptoms, time pressure, and morale issues. Nurses reported less muscle aches, sleeplessness, and headaches. Analysis of the Coates Caring Efficacy Scale measures showed statistically significant increases in nurses' caring efficacy in areas of serenity in giving care, tuning in to patients, relating to patients, providing culturally congruent care, individualization of patient care, ability to decrease stressful situations, planning for multiple needs, and creativity in care. This small study suggests that Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care may be a valuable tool for nurses, to decrease stress, both emotional and physical, and increase caring efficacy. Administrators may wish to invest in such a program, which may improve quality of care delivered. The Watson caring model, which reminds us that nurses who care for themselves and feel good about

Synthesis of Er-doped Lu2O3 nanoparticles and transparent ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serivalsatit, K.; Wasanapiarnpong, T.; Kucera, C.; Ballato, J.

2013-05-01

Transparent rare earth-doped Lu2O3 ceramics have received much attention for use in solid-state scintillator and laser applications. The fabrication of these ceramics, however, requires ultrafine and uniform powders as precursors. Presented here is the synthesis of Er-doped Lu2O3 nanopowders by a solution precipitation method using Er-doped lutetium sulfate solution and hexamethylenetetramine as a precipitant and the fabrication of Er-doped Lu2O3 transparent ceramics from these nanopowders. The precipitated precursors were calcined at 1100 °C for 4 h in order to convert the precursors into Lu2O3 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 60 nm. Thermal decomposition and phase evolution of the precursors were studied by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Er-doped Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated from these nanopowders using vacuum sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing at 1700 °C for 8 h. The transparent ceramics exhibit an optical transmittance of 78% at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.

Characterization of Pr:LuAG scintillating crystals for X-ray spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertoni, R.; Bonesini, M.; Cervi, T.; Clemenza, M.; De Bari, A.; Falcone, A.; Mazza, R.; Menegolli, A.; Nastasi, M.; Rossella, M.

2016-07-01

The main features of the Pr doped Lu3Al5O12 (Pr:LuAG) scintillating crystals for X-ray spectroscopy applications have been studied using different radioactive sources and photo-detectors. Pr:LuAG is cheaper, compared to a Germanium detector, but with remarkable properties which make it useful for many applications, from fundamental physics measurements to the PET imaging for medical purposes: high density, elevate light yield, fast response, high energy resolution, no hygroscopicity. A sample of Pr:LuAG crystals with 14 mm×14 mm surface area and 13 mm thickness and a NaI crystal of the same surface and 26 mm thickness used as a reference have been characterized with several radioactive sources, emitting photons in the range 100-1000keV. Different light detectors were adopted for the Pr:LuAG studies, sensitive to its UV emission (peak at 310 nm): a 3 in. PMT (Hamamatsu R11065) and new arrays of Hamamatsu SiPM S13361, with siliconic resin as a window. Preliminary results are presented on the performance of the Pr:LuAG crystals, to be mounted in a 2 × 2 array to be tested in the 2015 run of the FAMU experiment at RIKEN-RAL muon facility. The goal is the detection of the X-rays (around 130 keV) emitted during the de-excitation processes of the muonic hydrogen after the excitation with an IR laser with wavelength set at the resonance of the hyperfine splitting, to measure the muonic atom proton radius with unprecedented precision.

Superconductivity in single crystalline ThBe13 and LuBe13

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uhlířová, Klára; Miura, Naoyuki; Tkáč, Vladimír; Prokleška, Jan; Chrobak, Maciej; Tarnawski, Zbigniew; Hidaka, Hiroyki; Yanagisawa, Tatsuya; Sechovský, Vladimír; Amitsuka, Hiroshi

2018-05-01

Single crystals of ThBe13 and LuBe13 have been prepared using aluminum flux method. The crystals structure of both compounds was confirmed to be cubic of the NaZn13-type with the lattice parameters a = 10.183(6) Å and a = 10.395(3) Å for LuBe13 and ThBe13, respectively. The low temperature measurements of electrical resistance and ac susceptibility have revealed a BCS-type of superconductivity in ThBe13 below Tc = 125 mK. LuBe13 has been found to be superconducting below Tc = 630 mK.

Spectroscopic characterisation of Er-doped LuVO4 single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lisiecki, R.; Dominiak-Dzik, G.; Solarz, P.; Strzęp, A.; Ryba-Romanowski, W.; Łukasiewicz, T.

2010-12-01

The LuVO4:Er single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique. The crystal-field split energy levels of Er3+ ion were derived experimentally employing absorption and emission spectra measured at T=10 K. The Judd-Ofelt phenomenological method was used to estimate intensity parameters, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios of luminescence. The excited state dynamics of the LuVO4:Er systems was investigated and experimental lifetimes of emitting levels were measured. The emission cross section of the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition in the infrared was calculated by the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The gain cross section, estimated for several inverse-population parameters, allowed us to evaluate a potential laser activity of the LuVO4:Er system at 1.6 μm. Also, the potential range of the optical pumping was assessed based on absorption spectra achieved at the room temperature. The optical losses related to the green up-converted emission, encountered under the 978 nm excitation between 300 and 670 K were indicated and discussed. Spectroscopic peculiarities of the Er3+-doped LuVO4 crystal were discussed in relation to optical properties of the YVO4:Er and GdVO4:Er crystals. Taking into account the high quantum efficiency of the 4I13/2 level, and satisfactory absorption and emission features, the LuVO4:Er crystal can be considered as a promising active material for laser operation near 1.6 μm.

Negative thermal expansion and anomalies of heat capacity of LuB 50 at low temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Novikov, V. V.; Zhemoedov, N. A.; Matovnikov, A. V.

2015-07-20

Heat capacity and thermal expansion of LuB 50 boride were experimentally studied in the 2–300 K temperature range. The data reveal an anomalous contribution to the heat capacity at low temperatures. The value of this contribution is proportional to the first degree of temperature. It was identified that this anomaly in heat capacity is caused by the effect of disorder in the LuB 50 crystalline structure and it can be described in the soft atomic potential model (SAP). The parameters of the approximation were determined. The temperature dependence of LuB 50 heat capacity in the whole temperature range was approximatedmore » by the sum of SAP contribution, Debye and two Einstein components. The parameters of SAP contribution for LuB 50 were compared to the corresponding values for LuB 66, which was studied earlier. Negative thermal expansion at low temperatures was experimentally observed for LuB 50. The analysis of the experimental temperature dependence for the Gruneisen parameter of LuB 50 suggested that the low-frequency oscillations, described in SAP mode, are responsible for the negative thermal expansion. As a result, the glasslike character of the behavior of LuB 50 thermal characteristics at low temperatures was confirmed.« less

Radiative neutron capture cross sections on 176Lu at DANCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roig, O.; Jandel, M.; Méot, V.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A. J.; Haight, R. C.; Keksis, A. L.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.

2016-03-01

The cross section of the neutron capture reaction 176Lu(n ,γ ) has been measured for a wide incident neutron energy range with the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The thermal neutron capture cross section was determined to be (1912 ±132 ) b for one of the Lu natural isotopes, 176Lu. The resonance part was measured and compared to the Mughabghab's atlas using the R -matrix code, sammy. At higher neutron energies the measured cross sections are compared to ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.2, and BRC evaluated nuclear data. The Maxwellian averaged cross sections in a stellar plasma for thermal energies between 5 keV and 100 keV were extracted using these data.

Latest Quaternary rapid river incision across an inactive fold in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Honghua; Cheng, Lu; Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Tianqi; Lü, Yanwu; Zhao, Junxiang; Li, Youli; Zheng, Xiangmin

2018-01-01

This work focuses on the incision process over the Tuostai anticline, a fold of the proximal structure Belt I in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland, where the Sikeshu River has incised deeply into the alluvial gravels and the fold's underlying bedrock strata. Field investigation and geomorphic mapping define five terraces of the Sikeshu River (designated as T1 to T5 from oldest to youngest) preserved within the Tuostai anticline. 10Be surface exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating constrain stabilization of the highest three terrace surfaces at about 80 ka (T1), 16 ka (T2), and 15 ka (T3), respectively. Around 16 ka, the calculated river incision rates significantly increase from <2 mm/yr to >6 mm/yr. Undeformed longitudinal profiles of terraces T2, T3 and T4 over the Tuostai anticline suggest that this structure may have been tectonically inactive since stabilization of these three terraces. We thus think that the observed rapid river incision over the Tuostai anticline has not been largely forced by tectonic uplift. Instead, the progressively warmer and wetter palaeoclimatic condition within the Tian Shan range and its surrounding area during the period of ∼20-10 ka may have enhanced river incision across the Tuostai anticline. A reduced sediment/water ratio might have lowered the gradient of the Sikeshu River.

Classifying and retracking altimeter waveforms over wetlands: A case study in the Hsiang-Shan wetland, Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huan Chin, K.; Wei Ming, C.; Chung-Yen, K.; Tseng, K. H.; Shum, C. K.; Hwang, C.; Cheng, K. C.

2017-12-01

A coastal wetland is an area saturated with fresh to saline water, and has a distinct ecological system. Taiwan has abundant wetlands, and some of them contain altimeter measurements from the Enivsat and TOPEX/Poseidon series of satellites. Typically, such measurements are refined to provide additional sea level measurements over tide gauge data. Often, here the refinements have limitations because of the contaminations of altimeter waveforms and improper geophysical corrections. In this study, we classify Envisat and SARAL/Altika waveforms over coastal areas of Taiwan using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Three types of waveforms are identified: coastal ocean, wetland and land-noise waveforms. We carry out a case study over Hsinchu's Hsiang-Shan wetland in northern Taiwan. The coastal ocean and wetland waveforms, are retracked by two different retrackers, with the main objective of improving the accuracy of sea surface height measurements. The result is then assessed by measurements from a nearby tide gauge and modeled geoidal heights from EGM2008. Some of the parameters in our retrackers are associated with the surface and sub-surface properties of the Hsiang-Shan wetland. The space-time evolutions of these parameters can reflect wetland changes due to factors such as changes in sedimentation and soil moisture. This presentation will show how coastal altimeter data can benefit wetland studies.

Application of Global Positioning Measurements to Continental Collision in the Pamir-Tien Shan Region, Central Asia and GPS Survey of the Western Tien Shan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamburger, Michael W.; Reilinger, Robert E.; Hager, Bradford H.; Molnar, Peter

1997-01-01

In this report, we summarize what we have accomplished with five years of funding from NASA under its DOSE program, and with a comparable level of funding from NSF. We describe the development of a GPS network in the Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan of the former Soviet Union, the analysis of data, and the main results. This discussion presents the state of the current network, which has grown significantly since the termination of our DOSE grants, with continued support both from NSF through its continental dynamics program and from NASA's SENH program. Although grants from NASA's DOSE program did not support this growth not directly, it did so indirectly by building the infrastructure that has enabled further expansion in an area where otherwise there would be only a small GPS presence. We note how the network has grown over time, but the emphasis of this discussion is on the quantity and quality of measurements that we have made.

Late Pliocene to Late Quaternary Apparent Exposure Ages from Glacial Deposits in Ak-Shyrak, Central Kyrgyz Tian Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomdin, R.; Harbor, J.; Stroeven, A. P.; Petrakov, D. A.; Gribenski, N.; Heyman, J.; Ivanov, M.; Caffee, M. W.; Hättestrand, C.; Lifton, N. A.; Rogozhina, I.; Usubaliev, R.

2014-12-01

The Tian Shan in central Asia is one of the world's highest mountain ranges. The 2500 km-long WSW-ENE-trending arc of mountains extends from the western Kyrgyz Republic across northwestern China and almost to the border with Mongolia. Understanding the glacial history of this vast region is important because there is a general lack of paleoclimatic data from this highly continental location, at the confluence of major climate systems, and because glaciers are sensitive monitors of climate change. We examine the glacial history of the Ak-Shyrak massif and surrounding plateaus with average altitudes of ~3500 m a.s.l. To reconstruct the glacial history of this area we use a combined approach including geomorphological mapping, and cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of erratic boulders on glacial landforms. We observe large site-specific scatter in our 10Be and 26Al exposure ages. Apparent minimum surface exposure ages range from ~2 ka to ~2.5 Ma, with early Quaternary- late Pliocene apparent exposure ages relating to some of the highest 10Be concentrations ever recorded for glacial deposits. Most dated boulders, however, fall in the apparent exposure age range of 100 ka to 300 ka. Consistent with previous results from the western and central Tian Shan, none of our boulders record a global last glacial maxima expansion of glaciers, and this contrasts to data from the eastern Kyrgyz Tian Shan. This spatial variation in glacier extent might be due to differences in paleoclimate. However, local physiographic conditions (e.g. altitude, slope, aspect) or external forcing factors other than climate (e.g., landslides) may cause local or regional differences in glacier response. We refrain from assigning mapped glacial advances to marine oxygen isotope stages because of the considerable age scatter. Finally we assess and discuss possible reasons for the observed age scatter and early Quaternary-late Pliocene apparent exposure ages in terms of prior and/or incomplete

Convenient, sensitive and high-throughput method for screening botanic origin.

PubMed

Yuan, Yuan; Jiang, Chao; Liu, Libing; Yu, Shulin; Cui, Zhanhu; Chen, Min; Lin, Shufang; Wang, Shu; Huang, Luqi

2014-06-23

In this work, a rapid (within 4-5 h), sensitive and visible new method for assessing botanic origin is developed by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification with cationic conjugated polymers. The two Chinese medicinal materials (Jin-Yin-Hua and Shan-Yin-Hua) with similar morphology and chemical composition were clearly distinguished by gene SNP genotyping assays. The identification of plant species in Patented Chinese drugs containing Lonicera buds is successfully performed using this detection system. The method is also robust enough to be used in high-throughput screening. This new method is very helpful to identify herbal materials, and is beneficial for detecting safety and quality of botanic products.

Convenient, Sensitive and High-Throughput Method for Screening Botanic Origin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Yuan; Jiang, Chao; Liu, Libing; Yu, Shulin; Cui, Zhanhu; Chen, Min; Lin, Shufang; Wang, Shu; Huang, Luqi

2014-06-01

In this work, a rapid (within 4-5 h), sensitive and visible new method for assessing botanic origin is developed by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification with cationic conjugated polymers. The two Chinese medicinal materials (Jin-Yin-Hua and Shan-Yin-Hua) with similar morphology and chemical composition were clearly distinguished by gene SNP genotyping assays. The identification of plant species in Patented Chinese drugs containing Lonicera buds is successfully performed using this detection system. The method is also robust enough to be used in high-throughput screening. This new method is very helpful to identify herbal materials, and is beneficial for detecting safety and quality of botanic products.

Crustal block structure by GPS data using neural network in the Northern Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kostuk, A.; Carmenate, D.

2010-05-01

For over ten years regular GPS measurements have been carried out by Research Station RAS in the Central Asia. The results of these measurements have not only proved the conclusion that the Earth's crust meridional compression equals in total about 17 mm/year from the Tarim massif to the Kazakh shield, but have also allowed estimating deformation behavior in the region. As is known, deformation behavior of continental crust is an actively discussed issue. On the one hand, the Earth's crust is presented as a set of microplates (blocks) and deformation here is a result of shifting along the blocks boundaries, on the other hand, lithospheric deformation is distributed by volume and meets the rheological model of nonlinear viscous fluid. This work represents an attempt to detect the block structure of the surface of the Northern Tien Shan using GPS velocity fields. As a significant difference from analogous works, appears the vector field clustering with the help of neural network used as a classifier by many criteria that allows dividing input space into areas and using of all three components of GPS velocity. In this case, we use such a feature of neural networks as self-organization. Among the mechanisms of self-organization there are two main classes: self-organization based on the Hebb associative rule and the mechanism of neuronal competition based on the generalized Kohonen rule. In this case, we use an approach of self-organizing networks in which we take neuronal competition as an algorithm for their training. As a rule, these are single-layer networks where each neuron is connected to all components of m-dimensional input vector. GPS vectors of the Central Asian velocity field located within the territory of the Northern Tien Shan were used as input patterns. Measurements at GPS sites were fulfilled in 36 hour-long sessions by double-frequency receivers Trimble and Topcon. In so doing, measurement discreteness equaled 30 seconds; the data were processed by

Investigation of luminescence from LuAG: Mn4+ for physiological temperature sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Fei; Cai, Jiajia; Chi, FengFeng; Chen, Yonghu; Duan, Changkui; Yin, Min

2017-04-01

Optical thermometry based on luminescent materials has garnered much attention due to its many advantages. But higher sensitivity is still expected in physiological temperature range which is of special significance in medicine and biology. For this purpose, quadrivalent manganese doped lutetium aluminum garnet, Lu3Al5O12: Mn4+, or simply LuAG: Mn4+, has been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method and its temperature dependent luminescence has been investigated in the present work. Compared to the common red emission phosphors Y3Al5O12: Mn4+ (YAG:Mn4+) with same structure, LuAG:Mn4+ has a stronger crystal field strength and a higher thermal-quenching activation energy (ΔE) of 5732 cm-1. Rapid thermal quenching of the Mn4+ luminescence occurred above room temperature around 90 °C for our LuAG:Mn4+ sample. Temperature dependent decay curves of Mn4+ emission from LuAG:Mn4+ revealed that an extraordinary high sensitivity can be achieved from luminescence lifetime measurements covering physiological temperature range with a sensitivity of 3.75% K-1 at 38 °C.

A routine high-precision method for Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry and chronology

USGS Publications Warehouse

Patchett, P.J.; Tatsumoto, M.

1981-01-01

A method for chemical separation of Lu and Hf from rock, meteorite and mineral samples is described, together with a much improved mass spectrometric running technique for Hf. This allows (i) geo- and cosmochronology using the176Lu???176Hf+??- decay scheme, and (ii) geochemical studies of planetary processes in the earth and moon. Chemical yields for the three-stage ion-exchange column procedure average 90% for Hf. Chemical blanks are <0.2 ng for Lu and Hf. From 1 ??g of Hf, a total ion current of 0.5??10-11 Ampere can be maintained for 3-5 h, yielding 0.01-0.03% precision on the ratio176Hf/177Hf. Normalisation to179Hf/177Hf=0.7325 is used. Extensive results for the Johnson Matthey Hf standard JMC 475 are presented, and this sample is urged as an international mass spectrometric standard; suitable aliquots, prepared from a single batch of JMC 475, are available from Denver. Lu-Hf analyses of the standard rocks BCR-1 and JB-1 are given. The potential of the Lu-Hf method in isotope geochemistry is assessed. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag.

2-micron lasing in Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic: initial operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vetrovec, John; Filgas, David M.; Smith, Carey A.; Copeland, Drew A.; Litt, Amardeep S.; Briscoe, Eldridge; Schirmer, Ernestina

2018-03-01

We report on initial lasing of Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic laser with tunable output in the vicinity of 2 μm. Tm:Lu2O3 ceramic gain materials offer a much lower saturation fluence than the traditionally used Tm:YLF and Tm:YAG materials. The gain element is pumped by 796 nm diodes via a "2-for-1" crossrelaxation energy transfer mechanism, which enables high efficiency. The high thermal conductivity of the Lu2O3 host ( 18% higher than YAG) in combination with low quantum defect of 20% supports operation at high-average power. Konoshima's ceramic fabrication process overcomes the scalability limits of single crystal sesquioxides. Tm:Lu2O3 offers wide-bandwidth amplification of ultrashort pulses in a chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system. A laser oscillator was continuously tuned over a 230 nm range from 1890 to 2120 nm while delivering up to 43W QCW output with up to 37% efficiency. This device is intended for initial testing and later seeding of a multi-pass edge-pumped disk amplifier now being developed by Aqwest which uses composite Tm:Lu2O3 disk gain elements.

Preparation of LuAG Powders with Single Phase and Good Dispersion for Transparent Ceramics Using Co-Precipitation Method

PubMed Central

Pan, Liangjie; Jiang, Benxue; Fan, Jintai; Yang, Qiuhong; Zhou, Chunlin; Zhang, Pande; Mao, Xiaojian; Zhang, Long

2015-01-01

The synthesis of pure and well dispersed lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) powder is crucial and important for the preparation of LuAG transparent ceramics. In this paper, high purity and well dispersed LuAG powders have been synthesized via co-precipitation method with lutetium nitrate and aluminum nitrate as raw materials. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) was used as the precipitant. The influence of aging time, pH value, and dripping speed on the prepared LuAG powders were investigated. It showed that long aging duration (>15 h) with high terminal pH value (>7.80) resulted in segregation of rhombus Lu precipitate and Al precipitate. By decreasing the initial pH value or accelerating the dripping speed, rhombus Lu precipitate was eliminated and pure LuAG nano powders were synthesized. High quality LuAG transparent ceramics with transmission >75% at 1064 nm were fabricated using these well dispersed nano LuAG powders. PMID:28793510

Preparation of LuAG Powders with Single Phase and Good Dispersion for Transparent Ceramics Using Co-Precipitation Method.

PubMed

Pan, Liangjie; Jiang, Benxue; Fan, Jintai; Yang, Qiuhong; Zhou, Chunlin; Zhang, Pande; Mao, Xiaojian; Zhang, Long

2015-08-19

The synthesis of pure and well dispersed lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) powder is crucial and important for the preparation of LuAG transparent ceramics. In this paper, high purity and well dispersed LuAG powders have been synthesized via co-precipitation method with lutetium nitrate and aluminum nitrate as raw materials. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) was used as the precipitant. The influence of aging time, pH value, and dripping speed on the prepared LuAG powders were investigated. It showed that long aging duration (>15 h) with high terminal pH value (>7.80) resulted in segregation of rhombus Lu precipitate and Al precipitate. By decreasing the initial pH value or accelerating the dripping speed, rhombus Lu precipitate was eliminated and pure LuAG nano powders were synthesized. High quality LuAG transparent ceramics with transmission >75% at 1064 nm were fabricated using these well dispersed nano LuAG powders.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of swertiamarin in rats after oral administration of swertiamarin alone, Qing Ye Dan tablets and co-administration of swertiamarin and oleanolic acid.

PubMed

Xu, Gui-li; Li, Hong-liang; He, Jian-chang; Feng, En-fu; Shi, Pan-pan; Liu, Yue-qiong; Liu, Chang-xiao

2013-08-26

Qing Ye Dan is a well-known herbal drug that is widely used to treat viral hepatitis in the Yi and Hani minority regions in the Yunnan province of China. An LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine the levels of swertiamarin in rat plasma. Swertiamarin and naringin (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma using solid-phase extraction (SPE) to purify the samples. The pharmacokinetics of the following different administration methods of swertiamarin in rats were studied: oral administration of swertiamarin alone, a Qing Ye Dan tablet (QYDT) and co-administration of swertiamarin and oleanolic acid, with each method delivering approximately 20mg/kg of swertiamarin. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed by using the software DAS (version 2.1.1), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using an unpaired Student's t-test. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-∞, Vz/F and CLz/F were significantly different (P<0.05) among the three types of swertiamarin administration. The data indicate that oleanolic acid and the other ingredients present in QYDT could affect the pharmacokinetic behaviour of swertiamarin in rats. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Latest Pleistocene to Holocene Thrusting Recorded by a Flight of Strath Terraces in the Eastern Qilian Shan, NE Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Jianguo; Li, Youli; Zhong, Yuezhi; Lu, Honghua; Lei, Jinghao; Xin, Weilin; Wang, Libo; Hu, Xiu; Zhang, Peizhen

2017-12-01

At the eastern Qilian Shan mountain front in the NE Tibetan Plateau, the Minle-Damaying Fault (MDF), the southernmost fault of the North Frontal Thrust (NFT) system, has previously been proposed as an inactive structure during the Holocene. Here we present a detailed record of six strath terraces of the Xie River that document the history of active deformation of the MDF. One optically stimulated luminescence dating sample constrains abandonment of the highest terrace T6 at 12.7 ± 1.4 ka. The formation ages of the lower terraces (T4-T1) are dated by AMS 14C dating. The cumulative vertical offsets of the MDF recorded by these terraces are determined as 12.2 ± 0.4 m (T6), 8.0 ± 0.4 m (T5), 6.4 ± 0.4 m (T4), 4.6 ± 0.1 m (T3), and 3.2 ± 0.2 m (T1c) by an unmanned aerial vehicle system, respectively. A long-term vertical slip rate of the MDF of 0.9 ± 0.2 mm/yr is then estimated from the above data of terrace age and vertical offset by a linear regression. Assuming that the fault dip of 35 ± 5° measured at the surface is representative for the depth-averaged fault dip, horizontal shortening rates of 0.83-1.91 mm/yr are inferred for the MDF. Our new data show that the proximal fault (the MDF) of the NFT system at the eastern Qilian Shan mountain front has remained active when the deformation propagated basinward, a different scenario from that observed at both the western and central Qilian Shan mountain front.

Growth and luminescent properties of Lu 2SiO 5:Ce and (Lu 1- xGd x) 2SiO 5:Ce single crystalline films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorenko, Yu.; Gorbenko, V.; Savchyn, V.; Voznyak, T.; Grinyov, B.; Sidletskiy, O.; Kurtsev, D.; Fedorov, A.; Baumer, V.; Nikl, M.; Mares, J. A.; Beitlerova, A.; Prusa, P.; Kucera, M.

2011-12-01

Single crystalline films (SCF) of Lu 2SiO 5:Ce (LSO:Ce), (Lu 1- xGd x) 2SiO 5:Ce (LGSO:Ce) and LGSO:Ce,Tb orthosilicates with thickness of 2.5-21 μm were crystallized by liquid phase epitaxy method onto undoped LSO substrates from melt-solution based on PbO-B 2O 3 flux. The concentration of Gd was varied in the range of x=0.2-0.7 formula units (f.u.). In the case of LGSO:Ce SCF growth we do not use any additional doping for reducing the misfit between the SCF and substrate lattices. The luminescence and scintillation properties of LSO:Ce, LGSO:Ce and LGSO:Ce,Tb SCFs were mutually compared and confronted with the performance of reference LSO:Ce and LYSO:Ce crystals. With increasing Gd content the luminescence spectrum of LGSO:Ce SCF is gradually red-shifted with respect to that of LSO:Ce SCF. The LY of (Lu 1- xGd x)SO:Ce SCF becomes lower in comparison with that for LSO:Ce SC at increasing Gd content in the range of x=0.2-0.7 f.u. The peculiarities of luminescence properties of LSO:Ce and LGSO:Ce SCFs in comparison with crystal analogs are explained by the different distribution of Ce 3+ over Lu1 and Lu2 positions of LSO host and by the influence of Pb 2+ contamination coming from the flux used for the film growth.

Ozone and nitrogen dioxide above the northern Tien Shan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arefev, Vladimir N.; Volkovitsky, Oleg A.; Kamenogradsky, Nikita E.; Semyonov, Vladimir K.; Sinyakov, Valery P.

1994-01-01

The results of systematic perennial measurements of the total ozone (since 1979) and nitrogen dioxide column (since 1983) in the atmosphere in the European-Asian continent center above the mountainmass of the Tien Shan are given. This region is distinguished by a great number of sunny days during a year. The observation station is at the Northern shore of Issyk Kul Lake (42.56 N 77.04 E 1650 m above the sea level). The measurement results are presented as the monthly averaged atmospheric total ozone and NO2 stratospheric column abundances (morning and evening). The peculiarities of seasonal variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, their regular variances with a quasi-biennial cycles and trends have been noticed. Irregular variances of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents, i.e. their positive and negative anomalies in the monthly averaged contents relative to the perennial averaged monthly means, have been analyzed. The synchronous and opposite in phase anomalies in variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide atmospheric contents were explained by the transport and zonal circulation in the stratosphere (Kamenogradsky et al., 1990).

Mantle transition zone beneath the central Tien Shan: Lithospheric delamination and mantle plumes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosarev, Grigoriy; Oreshin, Sergey; Vinnik, Lev; Makeyeva, Larissa

2018-01-01

We investigate structure of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under the central Tien Shan in central Asia by using recordings of seismograph stations in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and adjacent northern China. We apply P-wave receiver functions techniques and evaluate the differential time between the arrivals of seismic phases that are formed by P to SV mode conversion at the 410-km and 660-km seismic boundaries. The differential time is sensitive to the thickness of the MTZ and insensitive to volumetric velocity anomalies above the 410-km boundary. Under part of the southern central Tien Shan with the lowest S wave velocity in the uppermost mantle and the largest thickness of the crust, the thickness of the MTZ increases by 15-20 km relative to the ambient mantle and the reference model IASP91. The increased thickness is a likely effect of low (about - 150 K) temperature. This anomaly is indicative of delamination and sinking of the mantle lithosphere. The low temperature in the MTZ might also be a relic of subduction of the oceanic lithosphere in the Paleozoic, but this scenario requires strong coupling and coherence between structures in the MTZ and in the lithosphere during plate motions in the last 300 Myr. Our data reveal a reduction of thickness of the MTZ of 10-15 km under the Fergana basin, in the neighborhood of the region of small-scale basaltic volcanism at the time near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The reduced thickness of the MTZ is the effect of a depressed 410-km discontinuity, similar to that found in many hotspots. This depression suggests a positive temperature anomaly of about 100-150 K, consistent with the presence of a thermal mantle plume. A similar depression on the 410-km discontinuity is found underneath the Tarim basin.

Overview of Development and Formulation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-TATE for PRRT.

PubMed

Breeman, Wouter A P; Chan, Ho Sze; de Zanger, Rory M S; Konijnenberg, Mark K; de Blois, Erik

2016-01-01

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs has become an established procedure for the treatment of patients suffering from inoperable neuroendocrine cancers over-expressing somatostatin receptors. Success of PRRT depends on the availability of the radiolabeled peptide with adequately high specific activity, so that required therapeutic efficacy can be achieved without saturating the limited number of receptors available on the target lesions. Specific activity of the radionuclide and the radiolabeled somatostatin analog are therefore an important parameters. Although these analogs have been investigated and improved, and successfully applied for PRRT for more than 15 years, there are still many possibilities for further improvements that fully exploit PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE. The here summarized data presented herein on increased knowledge of the components of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE (especially the purity of 177Lu and specific activity of 177Lu) and the reaction kinetics during labeling 177Lu-DOTA-TATE clearly show that the peptide dose and dose in GBq can be varied. Here we present an overview of the development, formulation and optimisation of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, mainly addressing radiochemical parameters.

Mass-balance modelling of Ak-Shyirak massif Glaciers, Inner Tian Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rets, Ekaterina; Barandun, Martina; Belozerov, Egor; Petrakov, Dmitry; Shpuntova, Alena

2017-04-01

Tian Shan is a water tower of Central Asia. Rapid and accelerating glacier downwasting is typical for this region. Study sites - Sary-Tor glacier and Glacier No.354 are located in Ak-Shyirak massif, Naryn headwaters. Sary-Tor was chosen as representative for Ak-Shyirak (Ushnurtsev, 1991; Oledeneniye TianShanya, 1995) for direct mass-balance measurements in 1985-1991. Glacier No.354 was an object of direct mass-balance measurements for 2011-2016. An energy-balance distributed A-Melt model (Rets et al, 2010) was used to reconstruct mass-balance for the glaciers for 2003-2015. Verification of modelingresults showed a good reproduction of direct melting measurements data on ablation stakes and mass loss according to geodetic method. Modeling results for Glacier No. 354 were compared to different modeling approach: distributed accumulation and temperature-index melt (Kronenberg et al, 2016)

Late Quaternary strike-slip along the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi fault zone and its tectonic implications in the Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Jing-xing; Zheng, Wen-jun; Zhang, Pei-zhen; Lei, Qi-yun; Wang, Xu-long; Wang, Wei-tao; Li, Xin-nan; Zhang, Ning

2017-11-01

The Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan are composed of discontinuous a set of active faults with various strikes and slip motions that are located to the north of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Despite growing understanding of the geometry and kinematics of these active faults, the late Quaternary deformation pattern in the Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan remains controversial. The active E-W trending Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi fault zone is located in the southern Gobi Alashan. Study of the geometry and nature of slip along this fault zone holds crucial value for better understanding the regional deformation pattern. Field investigations combined with high-resolution imagery show that the Taohuala Shan fault and the E-W trending faults within the Ayouqi fault zone (F2 and F5) are left-lateral strike-slip faults, whereas the NW or WNW-trending faults within the Ayouqi fault zone (F1 and F3) are reverse faults. We collected Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and cosmogenic exposure age dating samples from offset alluvial fan surfaces, and estimated a vertical slip rate of 0.1-0.3 mm/yr, and a strike-slip rate of 0.14-0.93 mm/yr for the Taohuala Shan fault. Strata revealed in a trench excavated across the major fault (F5) in the Ayouqi fault zone and OSL dating results indicate that the most recent earthquake occurred between ca. 11.05 ± 0.52 ka and ca. 4.06 ± 0.29 ka. The geometry and kinematics of the Taohuala Shan-Ayouqi fault zone enable us to build a deformation pattern for the entire Hexi Corridor and the southern Gobi Alashan, which suggest that this region experiences northeastward oblique extrusion of the northern Tibetan Plateau. These left-lateral strike-slip faults in the region are driven by oblique compression but not associated with the northeastward extension of the Altyn Tagh fault.

Scintillation properties of Pr-activated LuAlO 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drozdowski, Winicjusz; Wojtowicz, Andrzej J.; Wiśniewski, Dariusz; Łukasiewicz, Tadeusz; Kisielewski, Jarosław

2006-01-01

Praseodymium activated LuAlO 3 (LuAP) crystals have been grown using the Czochralski method at ITME, Warsaw. In this communication the measurements of radioluminescence (RL), low temperature thermoluminescence (TL), room temperature afterglow (AG), scintillation light yields (LY), and scintillation time profiles (STP), performed on polished 2 × 2 × 10 mm pixels with three Pr concentrations (0.003, 0.04, and 0.08 at.%), are reported. Two sets of samples are compared: (i) "as grown", and (ii) annealed in H 2 atmosphere.

Single-crystal study of the charge density wave metal LuNiC2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steiner, S.; Michor, H.; Sologub, O.; Hinterleitner, B.; Höfenstock, F.; Waas, M.; Bauer, E.; Stöger, B.; Babizhetskyy, V.; Levytskyy, V.; Kotur, B.

2018-05-01

We report on single-crystal growth, single-crystal x-ray diffraction, physical properties, and density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure as well as Fermi surface calculations for two ternary carbides, LuCoC2 and LuNiC2. Electrical resistivity measurements reveal for LuNiC2 a charge density wave (CDW) transition at TCDW≃450 K and, for T >TCDW , a significant anisotropy of the electrical resistivity, which is lowest along the orthorhombic a axis. The analysis of x-ray superstructure reflections suggest a commensurate CDW state with a Peierls-type distortion of the Ni atom periodicity along the orthorhombic a axis. DFT calculations based on the CDW modulated monoclinic structure model of LuNiC2 as compared to results of the orthorhombic parent type reveal the formation of a partial CDW gap at the Fermi level which reduces the electronic density of states from N (EF)=1.03 states/eV f.u. without CDW to N (EF)=0.46 states/eV f.u. in the CDW state. The corresponding bare DFT Sommerfeld value of the latter, γDFTCDW=0.90 mJ/mol K2, reaches reasonable agreement with the experimental value γ =0.83 (5 ) mJ/mol K2 of LuNiC2. LuCoC2 displays a simple metallic behavior with neither CDW ordering nor superconductivity above 0.4 K. Its experimental Sommerfeld coefficient, γ =5.9 (1) mJ/mol K2, is in realistic correspondence with the calculated, bare Sommerfeld coefficient, γDFT=3.82 mJ/mol K2, of orthorhombic LuCoC2.

Stability and Biodistribution of Thiol-Functionalized and (177)Lu-Labeled Metal Chelating Polymers Bound to Gold Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Yook, Simmyung; Lu, Yijie; Jeong, Jenny Jooyoung; Cai, Zhongli; Tong, Lemuel; Alwarda, Ramina; Pignol, Jean-Philippe; Winnik, Mitchell A; Reilly, Raymond M

2016-04-11

We are studying a novel radiation nanomedicine approach to treatment of breast cancer using 30 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) metal-chelating polymers (MCP) that incorporate 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelators for complexing the β-particle emitter, (177)Lu. Our objective was to compare the stability of AuNP conjugated to MCP via a single thiol [DOTA-PEG-ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS)], a dithiol [DOTA-PEG-lipoic acid (LA)] or multithiol end-group [PEG-pGlu(DOTA)8-LA4] and determine the elimination and biodistribution of these (177)Lu-labeled MCP-AuNP in mice. Stability to aggregation in the presence of thiol-containing dithiothreitol (DTT), L-cysteine or glutathione was assessed and dissociation of (177)Lu-MCP from AuNP in human plasma measured. Elimination of radioactivity from the body of athymic mice and excretion into the urine and feces was measured up to 168 h post-intravenous (i.v.) injection of (177)Lu-MCP-AuNP and normal tissue uptake was determined. ICP-AES was used to quantify Au in the liver and spleen and these were compared to (177)Lu. Our results showed that PEG-pGlu(DOTA)8-LA4-AuNP were more stable to aggregation in vitro than DOTA-PEG-LA-AuNP and both forms of AuNP were more stable to thiol challenge than DOTA-PEG-OPSS-AuNP. PEG-pGlu((177)Lu-DOTA)8-LA4 was the most stable in plasma. Whole body elimination of (177)Lu was most rapid for mice injected with (177)Lu-DOTA-PEG-OPSS-AuNP. Urinary excretion accounted for >90% of eliminated (177)Lu. All (177)Lu-MCP-AuNP accumulated in the liver and spleen. Liver uptake was lowest for PEG-pGlu((177)Lu-DOTA)8-LA4-AuNP but these AuNP exhibited the greatest spleen uptake. There were differences in Au and (177)Lu in the liver for PEG-pGlu((177)Lu-DOTA)8-LA4-AuNP. These differences were not correlated with in vitro stability of the (177)Lu-MCP-AuNP. We conclude that conjugation of AuNP with PEG-pGlu((177)Lu-DOTA)8-LA4 via a multithiol

Development of 177Lu-phytate Complex for Radiosynovectomy

PubMed Central

Yousefnia, Hassan; Jalilian, Amir Reza; Bahrami-Samani, Ali; Mazidi, Mohammad; Ghannadi Maragheh, Mohammad; Abbasi-Davani, Fereydoun

2013-01-01

Objective(s): In this work a new possible agent for radiosynovectomy has been targeted for articular pain palliation. Materials and Methods: Lu-177 of 2.6-3 GBq/mg specific activity was obtained by irradiation of natural Lu2O3 sample with thermal neutron flux of 4 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1. The product was converted into chloride form which was further used for labeling of 177Lu-phytate complex and checked using ITLC (MeOH: H2O: acetic acid, 4: 4: 2, as mobile phase). The complex stability and viscosity were checked in the final solution up to seven days. The prepared complex solution (100 µCi/100 µl) was injected intra-articularly to male rat knee joint. Leakage of radioactivity from injection site and its distribution in organs were investigated up to seven days. Results: The complex was successfully prepared with high radiochemical purity (>99.9 %). Approximately, the whole injected dose has remained in injection site seven days after injection. Conclusion: The complex was proved to be a feasible agent for cavital radiotherapy in oncology and rheumatology. PMID:23826493

Synthesis of transparent Lu3Al5O12 ceramic by solid-state reaction method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basyrova, L. R.; Maksimov, R. N.; Shitov, V. A.; Aleksandrov, E. O.

2017-09-01

Transparent polycrystalline Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) ceramic was fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering a mixture of Lu2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation and commercial Al2O3 powder. The obtained Lu2O3 nanoparticles exhibited a metastable monoclinic phase and were fully converted into a main cubic phase after calcination at 1100 °C for 1 h in air. The powders were mixed in ethanol with the addition of 0.5 wt% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), dried in a rotary evaporator, and uniaxially pressed into pellet at 200 MPa. Transparent 2 mm thick LuAG ceramic sample with an average grain size of 9.6 µm and an optical transmittance of 30 % at a wavelength of 1080 nm was obtained after sintering at 1780 °C for 20 h under vacuum. The average volume of the scattering centers (380 ppm) in the obtained LuAG ceramic and their distribution along the sample depth was evaluated by the direct count method using an optical microscope.

Forward to cryogenic temperature: laser cooling of Yb: LuLiF crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, Biao; Luo, Hao; Lei, Yongqing; Shi, Yanling; Yin, Jianping

2017-06-01

The high quality Yb-doped fluoride crystals have broad prospects for optical refrigeration. We have laser cooled the Yb:LuLiF crystal to a temperature below the limit of current thermoelectric coolers ( 180 K). The 5% Yb:LuLiF crystal sample has a geometry of 2 mm×2 mm×5 mm and was supported by two fibers of 200 μm in diameter. They were placed in a 2×10-4 Pa vacuum chamber with an environment temperature of 294.5 K. The 1019 nm CW laser of power 38.7 W was adopted to irradiate the sample. The temperature of the sample was measured utilizing the DLT methods. After 20 minutes of laser irradiation, the 5% Yb:LuLiF crystal sample was cooled down to 182.4 K. By further optimizing experimental conditions and increasing the doped Yb concentration, the Yb:LuLiF crystal might be optically cooled below the cryogenic temperature of 123K in the near future.

Meteorite zircon constraints on the bulk Lu-Hf isotope composition and early differentiation of the Earth.

PubMed

Iizuka, Tsuyoshi; Yamaguchi, Takao; Hibiya, Yuki; Amelin, Yuri

2015-04-28

Knowledge of planetary differentiation is crucial for understanding the chemical and thermal evolution of terrestrial planets. The (176)Lu-(176)Hf radioactive decay system has been widely used to constrain the timescales and mechanisms of silicate differentiation on Earth, but the data interpretation requires accurate estimation of Hf isotope evolution of the bulk Earth. Because both Lu and Hf are refractory lithophile elements, the isotope evolution can be potentially extrapolated from the present-day (176)Hf/(177)Hf and (176)Lu/(177)Hf in undifferentiated chondrite meteorites. However, these ratios in chondrites are highly variable due to the metamorphic redistribution of Lu and Hf, making it difficult to ascertain the correct reference values for the bulk Earth. In addition, it has been proposed that chondrites contain excess (176)Hf due to the accelerated decay of (176)Lu resulting from photoexcitation to a short-lived isomer. If so, the paradigm of a chondritic Earth would be invalid for the Lu-Hf system. Herein we report the first, to our knowledge, high-precision Lu-Hf isotope analysis of meteorite crystalline zircon, a mineral that is resistant to metamorphism and has low Lu/Hf. We use the meteorite zircon data to define the Solar System initial (176)Hf/(177)Hf (0.279781 ± 0.000018) and further to identify pristine chondrites that contain no excess (176)Hf and accurately represent the Lu-Hf system of the bulk Earth ((176)Hf/(177)Hf = 0.282793 ± 0.000011; (176)Lu/(177)Hf = 0.0338 ± 0.0001). Our results provide firm evidence that the most primitive Hf in terrestrial zircon reflects the development of a chemically enriched silicate reservoir on Earth as far back as 4.5 billion years ago.

Expedition Seven Science Officer Lu with laptop

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-07-16

ISS007-E-10478 (16 July 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, uses a computer in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

The Taili-Yiwulüshan metamorphic core complex corridor: Diachronous exhumation and relationships to the adjacent basins based on new 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th-Sm)/He mineral ages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Chenyue; Neubauer, Franz; Liu, Yongjiang; Genser, Johann; Dunkl, István; Heberer, Bianca; Jin, Wei; Zeng, Zuoxun; Li, Weimin; Wen, Quanbo; Li, Jing

2015-04-01

The Xingcheng-Taili ductile shear zone (western Liaoning Province in China) formed during latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous crustal extension of the eastern North China craton, and exhumed low to medium metamorphic grade Archean, Upper Triassic and Upper Jurassic granitic rocks. The Mesozoic Yiwulüshan metamorphic core complex (Yiwulüshan MCC) is dominated by a NNE-SSW elongated dome with a left-lateral shear zone, which is located in the northeastern part of Xingcheng-Taili ductile shear zone, and combine as Taili-Yiwulüshan metamorphic core complex corridor. To the east, it is bounded by the NNE-trending Cretaceous to Eocene Liaohe basin (the northern extension of the Bohai Bay basin), and to the west by the Cretaceous-aged Fuxin-Yixian basin, which could potentially interpreted as supra-detachment basins. Here, we present results from a multi-method thermochronological study and coupled with structural investigations and sections of adjacent supra-detachment basins, which constrain the timing of regional deformation as well as the cooling history and exhumation processes of the low- to middle-grade metamorphic complex in the Taili-Yiwulüshan MCC corridor, in order to understand the mode of lithospheric scale reactivation, extension and thinning of the North China craton. The new40Ar/39Ar muscovite, biotite, K-feldspar and (U-Th)/He apatite ages from granitic rocks help constrain the thermal evolution during its exhumation. The thermochronologic studies have shown at least three stages of exhumation and cooling from late Jurassic to Eocene in Xingcheng-Taili shear zone should be distinguished, e.g., ~ 150-130 Ma, 130-115 Ma and 115-52 Ma, respectively. Diachronous onset and subsequent parallel cooling and exhumation characterize the early thermal history. The Yiwulüshan MCC has a similar exhumation history from 135 to 97 Ma with a similar cooling history. The development of Taili-Yiwulüshan MCC corridor is associated with synkinematic emplacement

A potencial theranostic agent for EGF-R expression tumors: (177)Lu-DOTA-nimotuzumab.

PubMed

Calzada, Victoria; Zhang, Xiuli; Fernandez, Marcelo; Diaz-Miqueli, Arlhee; Iznaga-Escobar, Normando; Deutscher, Susan L; Balter, Henia; Quinn, Thomas P; Cabral, Pablo

2012-10-01

In this work Nimotuzumab (monoclonal antibody, recognizes the EGF-R) was radiolabeled with (177)Lu as a potential cancer therapy radiopharmaceutical. In-vitro cell binding studies and in-vivo biodistribution and imaging studies were performed to determine the radiochemical stability, targeting specificity and pharmacokinetics of the (177)Lu-labeled antibody. Nimotuzumab was derivatized with DOTA-NHS at room temperature for 2 hours. DOTA-Nimotuzumab was radiolabeled with (177)LuCl3 (15 MBq/mg) at 37°C for 1 h. The radiochemical purity was assessed by ITLC, silica gel and by RP-HPLC. Binding specificity studies were performed with EGF-R positive A431 human epithelial carcinoma and EGF-R negative MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in healthy female CD-1 mice at 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, and A431 xenografted nude mice at 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h. SPECT-CT imaging studies were performed in A431 xenografted mice at 24 h post injection. DOTA-Nimotuzumab was efficiently labeled with (177) LuCl(3) at 37°C. The in vitro stability of labeled product was optimal over 24 h in buffered saline and mouse serum. Specific recognition of EGF-R by (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab was observed in A431 cell binding studies. Biodistribution studies demonstrated increasing tumor uptake of (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab over time, with tumor to muscle ratios of 6.26, 10.68, and 18.82 at 4 h, 24 h, and 96 h post injection. Imaging of A431 xenografted mice showed high uptake in the tumor. (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab has the potential to be a promising therapy agent, which may be useful in the treatment of patients with EGF-R positive cancer.

Uniform, luminescent Eu:LuF3 nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becerro, Ana I.; Gonzalez-Mancebo, Daniel; Ocaña, Manuel

2015-01-01

A simple procedure for the synthesis of orthorhombic, uniform, LuF3 particles with two different morphologies (rhombus- and cocoon-like) and nanometer and sub-micrometer size, respectively, is reported. The method consists in the aging, at 120 °C for 2 h, a solution containing [BMIM]BF4 ionic liquid (0.5 mL) and lutetium acetate (in the case of the rhombi) or lutetium nitrate (in the case of the cocoons) (0.02 M) in ethylene glycol (total volume 10 mL). This synthesis method was also adequate for the synthesis of Eu3+-doped LuF3 particles of both morphologies, whose luminescence properties were investigated in detail. The experimental observations reported herein suggest that these materials are suitable phosphors for optoelectronic as well as in vitro biotechnological applications.

Production of {sup 177}Lu, a potential radionuclide for diagnostic and therapeutic applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Kassim, Hasan Abu; Haba, Hiromitsu

2015-04-24

{sup 177g}Lu (T{sub 1/2}=6.647d; E{sub β{sup −max}}=498.3KeV, I{sub β{sup −total}}=100%; E{sub γ} = 112.9498 keV, I{sub γ} = 6.17%; E{sub γ} = 208.3662 keV, I {sub γ} = 10.36%) is widely used in many clinical procedures due to its excellent decay characteristics. Production cross-sections of the {sup nat}Yb(d,x){sup 177g}Lu reactions have been measured from a 24-MeV deuteron energy down to the threshold by using a stacked-foil activation technique combined with high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. An overall good agreement is found with some of the earlier measurements, whereas a partial agreement is obtained with the theoretical data extracted from the TENDL-2013 library.more » Physical thick target yield for the {sup 177g}Lu radionuclide was deduced using the measured cross-sections. The deduced yield curves indicate that a low energy (<11 MeV) cyclotron and a highly enriched {sup 176}Yb target could be used to obtain {sup 177g}Lu with negligible impurity from {sup 177m}Lu.« less

Thermal, vibrational and optical properties of PrLuO3 interlanthanides from hydrothermally-derived precursors.

PubMed

Soares, Júlia C; Siqueira, Kisla P F; de Sousa Filho, Paulo C; Moreira, Roberto L; Dias, Anderson

2017-01-17

PrLuO 3 interlanthanides were prepared at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1600 °C using hydrothermally-derived precursors. The chemical reactions observed include the conversion and segregation of Pr(OH) 3 and LuO(OH), respectively, into PrO 2 and Lu 2 O 3 cubic oxides below 1200 °C, followed by the production of a mixture of hexagonal P6 3 /mmc and orthorhombic Pnma PrLuO 3 phases at 1400 °C. Phase-pure orthorhombic PrLuO 3 was obtained at 1600 °C, which was corroborated by Raman and micro far-infrared spectroscopic analyses. Photoluminescence, colorimetric and lifetime measurements were carried out in PrLuO 3 samples. Dominant emission verified in samples calcined at 1400 °C corresponds to the hypersensitive 3 P 0 → 3 F 2 transition with a color purity of 97% (decay times of 12 μs and 3 μs), while emissions for the phase-pure samples correspond to the 3 P 0 → 3 H 6 and 3 P 0 → 3 H 5 transitions with a color purity of 94% (a single luminescence lifetime of 12 μs). The optical properties of PrLuO 3 interlanthanides thereby suggest that they can be used as luminescent materials in both structural arrangements.

Core-shell-shell heterostructures of α-NaLuF4:Yb/Er@NaLuF4:Yb@MF2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with remarkably enhanced upconversion luminescence.

PubMed

Su, Yue; Liu, Xiuling; Lei, Pengpeng; Xu, Xia; Dong, Lile; Guo, Xianmin; Yan, Xingxu; Wang, Peng; Song, Shuyan; Feng, Jing; Zhang, Hongjie

2016-07-05

Core-shell-shell heterostructures of α-NaLuF4:Yb/Er@NaLuF4:Yb@MF2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) have been successfully fabricated via the thermal decomposition method. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), upconversion luminescence (UCL) spectroscopy, etc. Under 980 nm excitation, the emission intensities of the UCNPs are remarkably enhanced after coating the MF2 (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba) shell. Among these samples, CaF2 coated UCNPs show the strongest overall emission, while BaF2 coated UCNPs exhibit the longest lifetime. These results demonstrate that alkaline earth metal fluorides are ideal materials to improve the UCL properties. Meanwhile, although the lattice mismatch between the ternary NaREF4 core and the binary MF2 (M = Sr and Ba) shell is relatively large, the successfully synthesized NaLuF4:Yb/Er@NaLuF4:Yb@MF2 indicates a new outlook on the fabrication of heterostructural core-shell UCNPs.

Luminescent and scintillation properties of Lu3Al5O12:Sc single crystal and single crystalline films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorenko, Y.; Gorbenko, V.; Voznyak, T.; Savchyn, V.; Nizhankovskiy, S.; Dan'ko, A.; Puzikov, V.; Laguta, V.; Mares, J. A.; Nikl, M.; Nejezchleb, K.; Batentschuk, M.; Winnacker, A.

2012-10-01

The work is dedicated to growth by the liquid phase epitaxy method and study of the luminescence and scintillation properties of Sc3+ doped single crystalline films (SCF) of Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) garnet. The scintillation properties of SCF are compared with single crystal (SC) analogues grown by the Horizontal Direct Crystallization and Czochralski methods. We consider the dependence of intensity of the Sc3+ emission in LuAG host on the activator concentration and influence of flux contamination on the light yield (LY) of the Sc3+ luminescence in LuAG:Sc SCF with respect to their SC counterparts and the reference YAP:Ce scintillator. From the NMR investigations of LuAG:Sc SCF we confirm the substitution by Sc3+ ions both the octahedral and dodecahedral positions of LuAG host and formation of the ScAl and ScLu related emission centers, respectively. We also show that the luminescence spectrum in the UV range and decay kinetics of LuAG:Sc SCF can be effectively tuned by changing the scandium content.

Water-stable NaLuF4-based upconversion nanophosphors with long-term validity for multimodal lymphatic imaging.

PubMed

Zhou, Jing; Zhu, Xingjun; Chen, Min; Sun, Yun; Li, Fuyou

2012-09-01

Multimodal imaging is rapidly becoming an important tool for biomedical applications because it can compensate for the deficiencies of individual imaging modalities. Herein, multifunctional NaLuF(4)-based upconversion nanoparticles (Lu-UCNPs) were synthesized though a facile one-step microemulsion method under ambient condition. The doping of lanthanide ions (Gd(3+), Yb(3+) and Er(3+)/Tm(3+)) endows the Lu-UCNPs with high T(1)-enhancement, bright upconversion luminescence (UCL) emissions, and excellent X-ray absorption coefficient. Moreover, the as-prepared Lu-UCNPs are stable in water for more than six months, due to the protection of sodium glutamate and diethylene triamine pentacetate acid (DTPA) coordinating ligands on the surface. Lu-UCNPs have been successfully applied to the trimodal CT/MR/UCL lymphatic imaging on the modal of small animals. It is worth noting that Lu-UCNPs could be used for imaging even after preserving for over six months. In vitro transmission electron microscope (TEM), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and histological analysis demonstrated that Lu-UCNPs exhibited low toxicity on living systems. Therefore, Lu-UCNPs could be multimodal agents for CT/MR/UCL imaging, and the concept can be served as a platform technology for the next-generation of probes for multimodal imaging. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SDE and SPME Analysis of Flavor Compounds in Jin Xuan Oolong Tea.

PubMed

Sheibani, Ershad; Duncan, Susan E; Kuhn, David D; Dietrich, Andrea M; O'Keefe, Sean F

2016-02-01

Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) are procedures used for the isolation of flavor compounds in foods. The purpose of this study was to optimize SDE conditions (solvent and time) and to compare SDE with SPME for the isolation of flavor compounds in Jin Xuan oolong tea using GC-MS and GC-O. The concentration of volatile compounds isolated with diethyl ether was higher (P < 0.05) than for dichloromethane and concentration was higher at 40 min (P < 0.05) than 20 or 60 min extractions. For SDE, 128 volatiles were identified using GC-MS and 45 aroma active compounds using GC-O. Trans-nerolidol was the most abundant compound in oolong tea. The number of volatiles identified using GC-MS was lower in SPME than SDE. For SPME, 59 volatiles and 41 aroma active compounds were identified. The composition of the volatiles isolated by the 2 methods differed considerably but provided complementary information. © 2016 Institute of Food Technologists®

Effective lattice stabilization of gadolinium aluminate garnet (GdAG) via Lu3+ doping and development of highly efficient (Gd,Lu)AG:Eu3+ red phosphors

PubMed Central

Li, Jinkai; Li, Ji-Guang; Zhang, Zhongjie; Wu, Xiaoli; Liu, Shaohong; Li, Xiaodong; Sun, Xudong; Sakka, Yoshio

2012-01-01

The metastable garnet lattice of Gd3Al5O12 is stabilized by doping with smaller Lu3+, which then allows an effective incorporation of larger Eu3+ activators. The [(Gd1−xLux)1−yEuy]3Al5O12 (x = 0.1–0.5, y = 0.01–0.09) garnet solid solutions, calcined from their precursors synthesized via carbonate coprecipitation, exhibit strong luminescence at 591 nm (the 5D0 → 7F1 magnetic dipole transition of Eu3+) upon UV excitation into the charge transfer band (CTB) at ∼239 nm, with CIE chromaticity coordinates of x = 0.620 and y = 0.380 (orange-red). The quenching concentration of Eu3+ was estimated at ∼5 at.% (y = 0.05), and the quenching was attributed to exchange interactions. Partial replacement of Gd3+ with Lu3+ up to 50 at.% (x = 0.5) while keeping Eu3+ at the optimal content of 5 at.% does not significantly alter the peak positions of the CTB and 5D0 → 7F1 emission bands but slightly weakens both bands owing to the higher electronegativity of Lu3+. The effects of processing temperature (1000–1500 °C) and Lu/Eu contents on the intensity, quantum efficiency, lifetime and asymmetry factor of luminescence were thoroughly investigated. The [(Gd0.7Lu0.3)0.95Eu0.05]3Al5O12 phosphor processed at 1500 °C exhibits a high internal quantum efficiency of ∼83.2% under 239 nm excitation, which, in combination with the high theoretical density, favors its use as a new type of photoluminescent and scintillation material. PMID:27877495

Tracer level radiochemistry to clinical dose preparation of (177)Lu-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimer.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Sudipta; Sarma, H D; Vimalnath, K V; Pillai, M R A

2013-10-01

Integrin αvβ3 plays a significant role in angiogenesis during tumor growth and metastasis, and is a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins with the exposed arginine(R)-glycine(G)-aspartic acid(D) tripeptide sequence. The over-expression of integrin αvβ3 during tumor growth and metastasis presents an interesting molecular target for both early detection and treatment of rapidly growing solid tumors. Considering the advantages of (177)Lu for targeted radiotherapy and enhanced tumor targeting capability of cyclic RGD peptide dimer, an attempt has been made to optimize the protocol for the preparation of clinical dose of (177)Lu labeled DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (E=Glutamic acid, f=phenyl alanine, K=lysine) as a potential agent for targeted tumor therapy. (177)Lu was produced by thermal neutron bombardment on enriched Lu2O3 (82% in (176)Lu) target at a flux of 1 × 10(14) n/cm(2).s for 21 d. Therapeutic dose of (177)Lu-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (7.4GBq) was prepared by adding the aqueous solution of the ligand and (177)LuCl3 to 0.1M NH4OAC buffer containing gentisic acid and incubating the reaction mixture at 90°C for 30 min. The yield and radiochemical purity of the complex was determined by HPLC technique. Parameters, such as, ligand-to-metal ratio, pH of the reaction mixture, incubation time and temperature were varied using tracer quantity of (177)Lu (37 MBq) in order to arrive at the optimized protocol for the preparation of clinical dose. Biological behavior of the radiotracer prepared was studied in C57/BL6 mice bearing melanoma tumors. (177)Lu was produced with a specific activity of 950 ± 50 GBq/mg (25.7 ± 1.4 Ci/mg) and radionuclidic purity of 99.98%. A careful optimization of several parameters showed that (177)Lu-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 could be prepared with adequately high radiochemical purity using a ligand-to-metal ratio ~2. Based on these studies therapeutic dose of the agent with 7.4 GBq of (177)Lu was formulated in ~63 GBq/μM specific activity with high

Identification of the Low-velocity Zone Beneath the Northern Taiwan by the P-wave Delays Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, C. W.; Che-Min, L.

2017-12-01

Taipei City, the capital of Taiwan, located in northern Taiwan is near to the Tatun volcano group and the Shanchiao fault which is an active fault. This region is a complex tectonic environment. The Tatun volcano group is seen as a dormant volcano. Recently, the location of the magma reservoir of the Tatun volcano was discussed again. However, the volume and the location of the magma reservoir are still unclear. There are several seismic networks operated by different institutions around Taipei and Tatun volcano. In this study, we combined the data of these networks to analysis the P-wave arrival times for clarifying the magma reservoir. The events with hypocenters are deeper than 100 km and the local magnitude (ML) are larger than 4.0 were collected to analysis. Our results show that the stations could be separated into three groups by the slope of the P-wave arrival time. They are distributed at the western of the Basin edge, the Jin-Shan Plain areal and the Taipei Basin, respectively. When the epicenter distance of the different stations is the same, the P-wave arrival time of the stations on the west side of the basin edge will be 0.3 0.5 seconds later than that in the Taipei Basin, and the stations on the Jin-Shan Plain will be 0.1 0.4 seconds later than in the Taipei Basin. The slope of the P-wave arrival time in 3 groups is very different, indicating that the low-velocity zone is existed in shallow crustal beneath of these areas. However, the low-velocity zone can be connected to the magma reservoir of the Tatun volcano group or submarine volcano of Keelung Island or not? It can be discussed the correlation between the magma reservoir and the low-velocity zone by more events collected.

STS-106 Mission Specialist Lu suits up before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-106 Mission Specialist Edward T. Lu smiles as he gets suited up in the Operations and Checkout Building before launch. This is Lu'''s second space flight. Space Shuttle Atlantis is set to lift off 8:45 a.m. EDT on the fourth flight to the International Space Station. During the 11-day mission, the seven-member crew will perform support tasks on orbit, transfer supplies and prepare the living quarters in the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module. The first long-duration crew, dubbed '''Expedition One,''' is due to arrive at the Station in late fall.

Lu plays with a droplet of liquid

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-25

ISS007-E-17985 (2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, watches a water bubble float between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, on the International Space Station (ISS).

Lu-Hf isotope systematics of fossil biogenic apatite and their effects on geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herwartz, Daniel; Münker, Carsten; Tütken, Thomas; Hoffmann, J. Elis; Wittke, Andreas; Barbier, Bruno

2013-01-01

Reliable methods for direct dating of biogenic apatite from pre-Pleistocene fossils are currently not available, and recent attempts using the Lu-Hf decay system yielded highly inaccurate ages for both bones and teeth. The geological processes accounting for this poor accuracy of Lu-Hf chronometry are not yet understood. Here we explore Lu-Hf systematics in fossil bones and teeth in detail, by applying five different sample digestion techniques that are tested on bones and composites of bone and sediment. Our current dataset implies that dissolution methods only slightly affect the resulting Lu-Hf ages, while clear differences between the individual digestion techniques became apparent for element concentrations. By analysing the insoluble leftovers from incomplete sample dissolution, four main reservoirs of Hf in fossil bones were identified: (1) a radiogenic end-member associated with apatite; (2) an unradiogenic end-member represented by the authigenic minerals or the embedding sediment; (3) a highly unradiogenic end-member that can be attributed to detrital zircon; and (4) a moderately soluble phase (probably a Zr(Hf)-phosphate) that yielded very low Lu/Hf but a highly radiogenic Hf isotope composition at the same time. This Zr(Hf)-phase must have been precipitated within the fossil bone sample at a late stage of burial history, thereby incorporating radiogenic 176Hf released from apatite surfaces over geological timescales. A second focus of our study is the effect of different sediment matrices and of crystal size on the preservation of pristine Lu-Hf isotope compositions in bioapatite. Because near-depositional Lu-Hf ages of phosphate fossils have previously been reported for the London Clay (England) and a calcareous marl from Tendaguru (Tanzania), we herein investigate specimens fossilised in carbonate matrices (calcareous marl from Oker, Germany; carbonate concretions from the Santana Formation, Brazil; carbonate from the Eifel, Germany) and argillaceous

Preparation and evaluation of Lu-177 phytate Complex for Radiosynovectomy

PubMed Central

Yousefnia, Hassan; Jalilian, Amir Reza; Zolghadri, Samaneh

2014-01-01

Lu-177 of 2.6-3 GBq/mg specific activity was obtained by irradiation of natural Lu2O3 sample with thermal neutron flux of 4 × 1013 n/cm/s. The product was converted into chloride form which was further used for labeling of Lu-177 phytate complex successfully with high radiochemical purity (>99.9%, instant thin layer chromatography, MeOH: H2O: Acetic acid, 4:4:2, as mobile phase). The complex stability and viscosity were checked in the final solution up to 7 days. The prepared complex solution (100 μCi/100 μl) was injected intra-articularly to the male rat knee joint. Leakage of radioactivity from the injection site and its distribution in organs were investigated up to 7 days. Approximately, all injected dose has remained in injection site 7 days after injection. The complex was proved to be a feasible agent for cavital radiotherapy in oncology and rheumatology. PMID:25191108

[177Lu]pentixather: Comprehensive Preclinical Characterization of a First CXCR4-directed Endoradiotherapeutic Agent

PubMed Central

Schottelius, Margret; Osl, Theresa; Poschenrieder, Andreas; Hoffmann, Frauke; Beykan, Seval; Hänscheid, Heribert; Schirbel, Andreas; Buck, Andreas K.; Kropf, Saskia; Schwaiger, Markus; Keller, Ulrich; Lassmann, Michael; Wester, Hans-Jürgen

2017-01-01

Purpose: Based on the clinical relevance of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a molecular target in cancer and on the success of [68Ga]pentixafor as an imaging probe for high-contrast visualization of CXCR4-expression, the spectrum of clinical CXCR4-targeting was expanded towards peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) by the development of [177Lu]pentixather. Experimental design: CXCR4 affinity, binding specificity, hCXCR4 selectivity and internalization efficiency of [177Lu]pentixather were evaluated using different human and murine cancer cell lines. Biodistribution studies (1, 6, 48, 96h and 7d p.i.) and in vivo metabolite analyses were performed using Daudi-lymphoma bearing SCID mice. Extrapolated organ doses were cross-validated with human dosimetry (pre-therapeutic and during [177Lu]pentixather PRRT) in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM). Results: [177Lu]pentixather binds with high affinity, specificity and selectivity to hCXCR4 and shows excellent in vivo stability. Consequently, and supported by >96% plasma protein binding and a logP=-1.76, delaying whole-body clearance of [177Lu]pentixather, tumor accumulation was high and persistent, both in the Daudi model and the MM patient. Tumor/background ratios (7d p.i.) in mice were 499±202, 33±7, 4.0±0.8 and 116±22 for blood, intestine, kidney and muscle, respectively. In the patient, high tumor/kidney and tumor/liver dose ratios of 3.1 and 6.4 were observed during [177Lu]pentixather PRRT (7.8 GBq), with the kidneys being the dose-limiting organs. Conclusions: [177Lu]pentixather shows excellent in vivo CXCR4-targeting characteristics and a suitable pharmacokinetic profile, leading to high tumor uptake and retention and thus high radiation doses to tumor tissue during PRRT, suggesting high clinical potential of this [68Ga]pentixafor/[177Lu]pentixather based CXCR4-targeted theranostic concept. PMID:28744319

Peculiarities of thermoelectric half-Heusler phase formation in Gd-Ni-Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb ternary systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Romaka, V.V., E-mail: romakav@lp.edu.ua; Romaka, L.; Horyn, A.

The phase equilibria in the Gd–Ni–Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb ternary systems were studied at 873 K by X-ray and metallographic analyses in the whole concentration range. The interaction of the elements in the Gd–Ni–Sb system results the formation of five ternary compounds at investigated temperature: Gd{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb (Mo{sub 5}SiB{sub 2}-type), Gd{sub 5}NiSb{sub 2} (Yb{sub 5}Sb{sub 3}-type), GdNiSb (MgAgAs-type), Gd{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Sb{sub 5} (Y{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Sb{sub 5}-type), and GdNi{sub 0.72}Sb{sub 2} (HfCuSi{sub 2}-type). At investigated temperature the Lu-Ni-Sb system is characterized by formation of the LuNiSb (MgAgAs-type), Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb (Mo{sub 5}SiB{sub 2}-type), and Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 0.56}Sb{sub 2.44} (Yb{sub 5}Sb{sub 3}-type)more » compounds. The disordering in the crystal structure of half-Heusler GdNiSb and LuNiSb was revealed by EPMA and studied by means of Rietveld refinement and DFT modeling. The performed electronic structure calculations are in good agreement with electrical transport property studies. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure model and electron localization function of Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Gd-Ni-Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb phase diagrams were constructed at 873 K. • GdNiSb and LuNiSb are characterized by disordered crystal structure. • Crystal structure optimization with DFT calculations confirmed crystal structure disorder in GdNiSb and LuNiSb.« less

An electro-amalgamation approach to isolate no-carrier-added 177Lu from neutron irradiated Yb for biomedical applications.

PubMed

Chakravarty, Rubel; Das, Tapas; Dash, Ashutosh; Venkatesh, Meera

2010-10-01

A novel two-step separation process for the production of no-carrier-added (NCA) (177)Lu from neutron irradiated Yb target through an electrochemical pathway employing mercury-pool cathode has been developed. A two-cycle electrolysis procedure was adopted for separation of (177)Lu from (177)Lu/Yb mixture in lithium citrate medium. The influence of different experimental parameters on the separation process was investigated and optimized for the quantitative deposition of Yb in presence of (177)Lu. The first electrolysis was performed for 50 min in the (177)Lu/Yb feed solution at pH 6 applying a potential of 8 V using platinum electrode as anode and mercury as the cathode. The second electrolysis was performed under the same conditions using fresh electrodes. The radionuclidic and chemical purity of (177)Lu was determined by using gamma ray spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The suitability of (177)Lu for biomedical applications was ascertained by labeling 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid D-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotate(DOTA-TATE) with (177)Lu. This process could provide NCA (177)Lu with >99.99% radionuclidic purity and an overall separation yield of ∼99% was achieved within 3-4 h. The Hg content in the product was determined to be <1 ppm. Radiolabeling yield of >98% was obtained with DOTA-TATE under the optimized reaction conditions. An efficient strategy for the separation of NCA (177)Lu, suitable for biomedical applications, has been developed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Causes of rapid uplift and exceptional topography of Gongga Shan on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook, Kristen L.; Hovius, Niels; Wittmann, Hella; Heimsath, Arjun M.; Lee, Yuan-Hsi

2018-01-01

Erosion and tectonic uplift are widely thought to be coupled through feedbacks involving orographic precipitation, relief development, and crustal weakening. In many orogenic systems, it can be difficult to distinguish whether true feedbacks exist, or whether observed features are a consequence of tectonic forcing. To help elucidate these interactions, we examine Gongga Shan, a 7556 m peak on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau where cosmogenic 10Be basin-wide erosion rates reach >5 mm/yr, defining a region of localized rapid erosion associated with a restraining bend in the left-lateral Xianshuihe Fault. Erosion rates are consistent with topography, thermochronometry, and geodetic data, suggesting a stable pattern of uplift and exhumation over at least the past 2-3 My. Transpression along the Xianshuihe Fault, orographically enhanced precipitation, thermally weakened crust, and substantial local relief all developed independently in the Gongga region and existed there prior to the uplift of Gongga Shan. However, only where all of these conditions are present do the observed topographic and erosional extremes exist, and their relative timing indicates that these conditions are not a consequence of rapid uplift. We conclude that their collocation at 3-4 Ma set into motion a series of feedbacks between erosion and uplift that has resulted in the exceptionally high topography and rapid erosion rates observed today.

Evolution of rock glaciers in Tien Shan, Central Asia, 1971 - 2016 using high-resolution stereo satellite imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolch, T.; Strel, A.

2017-12-01

The reactions of glaciers to climate change are relatively well known and numerous remote sensing and modelling studies exist. Also debris-covered glaciers are meanwhile relatively well investigated. However, rock glaciers react differently but respective studies are less frequent despite the fact that they also occur in many mountain ranges and can be of significance in relation to hydrology, geomorphology and hazards. Rock glaciers are abundant in Tien Shan and rock glaciers with areas larger 1 km² are common. However, investigating rock glaciers by remote sensing is difficult because their topographical changes are of lower magnitude and less evident than the changes of glaciers. Hence, high resolution imagery and digital terrain models (DTMs) are needed to study these periglacial landforms. We used 1971 Corona KH-4B (resolution 2m), 2012 GeoEye (0.5m) and 2016 Pléiades (0.5m) stereo images to map and investigate the velocity and surface elevation changes of the rock glaciers in the central part of Ile Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) in Kazakhstan. DTMs with a resolution of 5 m were generated and subsequently co-registered. Surface displacements were calculated by feature tracking. Overall we identified almost 50 active rock glaciers covering an area of about 18km², which is more than 40% of the glacier cover of the year 2016 in the investigated valleys. Moraine-type rock glaciers are more common than talus-type rock glaciers. The average surface velocity of the rock glaciers was 0.44 ± 0.30 m a-1 with rates of up to 2m a-1. On average the rock glaciers showed only a slight insignificant surface lowering of 0.04 m a-1 for the period 1971-2012 and of 0.06 m a-1 for 2012-2016. Most of the investigated rock glaciers showed similar distinct patters of change: A surface elevation gain at their fronts indicating an advance, a significant lowering in the upper probably glacier affected parts of the rock glaciers and areas of elevation gain and lowering in between

Automatic Blocking Of QR and LU Factorizations for Locality

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yi, Q; Kennedy, K; You, H

2004-03-26

QR and LU factorizations for dense matrices are important linear algebra computations that are widely used in scientific applications. To efficiently perform these computations on modern computers, the factorization algorithms need to be blocked when operating on large matrices to effectively exploit the deep cache hierarchy prevalent in today's computer memory systems. Because both QR (based on Householder transformations) and LU factorization algorithms contain complex loop structures, few compilers can fully automate the blocking of these algorithms. Though linear algebra libraries such as LAPACK provides manually blocked implementations of these algorithms, by automatically generating blocked versions of the computations, moremore » benefit can be gained such as automatic adaptation of different blocking strategies. This paper demonstrates how to apply an aggressive loop transformation technique, dependence hoisting, to produce efficient blockings for both QR and LU with partial pivoting. We present different blocking strategies that can be generated by our optimizer and compare the performance of auto-blocked versions with manually tuned versions in LAPACK, both using reference BLAS, ATLAS BLAS and native BLAS specially tuned for the underlying machine architectures.« less

High-energy, ceramic-disk Yb:LuAG laser amplifier.

PubMed

Siebold, M; Loeser, M; Roeser, F; Seltmann, M; Harzendorf, G; Tsybin, I; Linke, S; Banerjee, S; Mason, P D; Phillips, P J; Ertel, K; Collier, J C; Schramm, U

2012-09-24

We report the first short-pulse amplification results to several hundred millijoule energies in ceramic Yb:LuAG. We have demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:LuAG amplifier at a maximum energy of 580 mJ and a peak optical-to-optical efficiency of 28% at 550 mJ. In cavity dumped operation of a nanosecond oscillator we obtained 1 mJ at up to 100 Hz repetition rate. A gain bandwidth of 5.4 nm was achieved at room temperature by measuring the small-signal single-pass gain. Furthermore, we compared our results with Yb:YAG within the same amplifier system.

Magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the orthorhombic perovskites (Lu,Ca)MnO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imamura, N.; Karppinen, M.; Motohashi, T.; Yamauchi, H.

2008-01-01

Here we extend the research of the (R,Ca)MnO3 perovskites to the smallest- R end member (Lu,Ca)MnO3 . Magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the (Lu1-xCax)MnO3 system are systematically investigated in regard to carrier doping. It is found that hole doping into the antiferromagnetic x=0.0 phase, LuMnO3 , causes a spin-glass-like magnetic competition in the wide doping range of 0.1≤x≤0.6 , whereas electron doping into the antiferromagnetic x=1.0 phase, CaMnO3 , induces a large magnetoresistance effect for 0.8≤x≤0.95 .

Metastatic Bone Pain Palliation using (177)Lu-Ethylenediaminetetramethylene Phosphonic Acid.

PubMed

Alavi, Mehrosadat; Omidvari, Shapour; Mehdizadeh, Alireza; Jalilian, Amir R; Bahrami-Samani, Ali

2015-01-01

(177)Lu-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) is presently suggested as an excellent bone seeking radionuclide for developing metastatic bone pain (MBP) palliation agent owing to its suitable nuclear decay characteristics. To find the exact dosage and its efficiency, this clinical study was performed on the human being, using (177)Lu-EDTMP for MBP palliation. (177)Lu-EDTMP was prepared by Iran, atomic energy organization. Thirty consecutive patients with determined tumors, incontrollable MBP, and positive bone scan at 4 weeks before the beginning of the study participated in this study in the nuclear medicine ward. (177)Lu-EDTMP in the form of sterile slow IV injection was administered with a dose of 29.6 MBq/kg. Short form of brief pain inventory questionnaire was used to evaluate the efficiency of the intervention. Questionnaires were filled out by an expert nuclear physician every 2 weeks while the cell blood count was also checked every 2 weeks up to 12 weeks for evaluation of bone marrow suppression and hematological toxicity. Furthermore, whole body scan was done at days 1, 3, and 7. Twenty-five patients showed a significant pain relief since 2 weeks after the injection, and continued until the end of the follow up period (12 weeks). There were no significant early complications such as bone marrow suppression, hematological toxicity, and no systemic adverse effects. No complication was observed in renal function. Twenty one patients showed flare phenomenon that was started after the 12.2 ± 1.78 h lasting for 38.4 ± 23.08. Sixteen patients (53%) were completely treated; nine patients (30%) showed a partial response, and five patients (17%) had no response to treatment. Total response to treatment was achieved in 25 patients (83%). At the end of the evaluation, no bone marrow suppression or hematologic toxicity was observed. (177)Lu-EDTMP has shown suitable physical and biological properties with good results in long term bone pain relief for

Metastatic Bone Pain Palliation using 177Lu-Ethylenediaminetetramethylene Phosphonic Acid

PubMed Central

Alavi, Mehrosadat; Omidvari, Shapour; Mehdizadeh, Alireza; Jalilian, Amir R.; Bahrami-Samani, Ali

2015-01-01

177Lu-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) is presently suggested as an excellent bone seeking radionuclide for developing metastatic bone pain (MBP) palliation agent owing to its suitable nuclear decay characteristics. To find the exact dosage and its efficiency, this clinical study was performed on the human being, using 177Lu-EDTMP for MBP palliation. 177Lu-EDTMP was prepared by Iran, atomic energy organization. Thirty consecutive patients with determined tumors, incontrollable MBP, and positive bone scan at 4 weeks before the beginning of the study participated in this study in the nuclear medicine ward. 177Lu-EDTMP in the form of sterile slow IV injection was administered with a dose of 29.6 MBq/kg. Short form of brief pain inventory questionnaire was used to evaluate the efficiency of the intervention. Questionnaires were filled out by an expert nuclear physician every 2 weeks while the cell blood count was also checked every 2 weeks up to 12 weeks for evaluation of bone marrow suppression and hematological toxicity. Furthermore, whole body scan was done at days 1, 3, and 7. Twenty-five patients showed a significant pain relief since 2 weeks after the injection, and continued until the end of the follow up period (12 weeks). There were no significant early complications such as bone marrow suppression, hematological toxicity, and no systemic adverse effects. No complication was observed in renal function. Twenty one patients showed flare phenomenon that was started after the 12.2 ± 1.78 h lasting for 38.4 ± 23.08. Sixteen patients (53%) were completely treated; nine patients (30%) showed a partial response, and five patients (17%) had no response to treatment. Total response to treatment was achieved in 25 patients (83%). At the end of the evaluation, no bone marrow suppression or hematologic toxicity was observed. 177Lu-EDTMP has shown suitable physical and biological properties with good results in long term bone pain relief for patients

Late orogenic, large-scale rotations in the Tien Shan and adjacent mobile belts in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van der Voo, Rob; Levashova, Natalia M.; Skrinnik, Ludmila I.; Kara, Taras V.; Bazhenov, Mikhail L.

2006-11-01

Most of Kazakhstan belongs to the central part of the Eurasian Paleozoic mobile belts for which previously proposed tectonic scenarios have been rather disparate. Of particular interest is the origin of strongly curved Middle and Late Paleozoic volcanic belts of island-arc and Andean-arc affinities that dominate the structure of Kazakhstan. We undertook a paleomagnetic study of Carboniferous to Upper Permian volcanics and sediments from several localities in the Ili River basin between the Tien Shan and the Junggar-Alatau ranges in southeast Kazakhstan. Our main goal was to investigate the Permian kinematic evolution of these belts, particularly in terms of rotations about vertical axes, in the hope of deciphering the dynamics that played a role during the latest Paleozoic deformation in this area. This deformation, in turn, can then be related to the amalgamation of this area with Baltica, Siberia, and Tarim in the expanding Eurasian supercontinent. Thermal demagnetization revealed that most Permian rocks retained a pretilting and likely primary component, which is of reversed polarity at three localities and normal at the fourth. In contrast, most Carboniferous rocks are dominated by postfolding reversed overprints of probably "mid-Permian" age, whereas presumably primary components are isolated from a few sites at two localities. Mean inclinations of primary components generally agree with coeval reference values extrapolated from Baltica, whereas declinations from primary as well as secondary components are deflected counterclockwise (ccw) by up to ˜ 90°. Such ccw rotated directions have previously also been observed in other Tien Shan sampling areas and in the adjacent Tarim Block to the south. However, two other areas in Kazakhstan show clockwise (cw) rotations of Permian magnetization directions. One area is located in the Kendyktas block about 300 km to the west of the Ili River valley, and the other is found in the Chingiz Range, to the north of Lake

Half-life measurement of the medical radioisotope 177Lu produced from the 176Yb(n,γ) reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, K. M.; Collins, S. M.; Fenwick, A. J.

2017-09-01

177Lu is a medium energy beta-emitter commonly used in Nuclear Medicine for radiotherapeutic applications. In this work, the half-life of 177Lu has been measured using a re-entrant ionisation chamber over a period of 82 days (approximately 12 half-lives). Unlike the majority of previous studies, the material used in this work was produced via the 176Yb(n,γ)177Yb reaction followed by the β-decay to 177Lu, producing insignificant quantities of 177mLu. This has resulted in the most precise half-life measurement of 177Lu to date. A half-life of 6.6430 (11) days has been determined. This value is in statistical agreement with the currently recommended half-life of 6.6463 (15) days (z-score = 1.8).

Erythrocytes from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and splanchnic venous thrombosis show greater expression of Lu/BCAM.

PubMed

Novitzky-Basso, I; Spring, F; Anstee, D; Tripathi, D; Chen, F

2018-05-13

Lutheran/BCAM protein (Lu) on the surface of erythrocytes is key for their adhesion to the endothelium, and erythrocytes from individuals with JAK2V617F-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have increased endothelial adhesion. Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a devastating thrombotic complication of MPN, and frequently, the only diagnostic feature is the JAK2V617F mutation. We sought to examine whether erythrocytes from patients with JAK2V617F mutated SVT (MPN-SVT) exhibited increased Lu expression, thereby supporting a mechanistic contribution to the development of thrombosis. We report the validation of a novel flow cytometry assay for Lu expression on erythrocytes. We examined the expression of Lu on erythrocytes from a cohort of MPN patients with and without SVT, and healthy controls. Samples were obtained from 20 normal individuals, 22 with MPN (both JAK2V617F-mutated and wild-type) and 8 with JAK2V617F-mutated MPN-SVT. Lu expression by erythrocytes from patients with MPN and MPN-SVT is significantly increased compared to erythrocytes from healthy individuals (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between patients with MPN-SVT and MPN. Patients with MPN have increased expression of the red cell Lu/BCAM adhesion molecule. Further work is required to determine the role of the increased Lu/BCAM adhesion to the endothelium in the development of thrombosis in MPN of all genotypes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Promise and Pitfalls of Lu/Hf-Sm/Nd Garnet Geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, R. L.; Vervoort, J. D.; Kohn, M. J.; Zirakparvar, N. A.; Hart, G. L.; Corrie, S. L.; Cheng, H.

2007-12-01

Our ability to routinely measure Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopes in garnet allows broad new applications in geochronology, petrology, and tectonics. However, applications of these data can be limited by challenges in interpreting the petrologic record and preparing garnets for analysis. Here, we examine petrologic and chemical pitfalls encountered in garnet geochronology. Petrologic factors influencing trace element compositions in garnet include reactions that modify REE availability and partitioning (1,2), kinetically limited transfer of REEs to garnet (3), and bulk compositional heterogeneities (4). Interpreting the effects of these processes on Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ages requires characterizing REE zonation prior to isotope analysis and age interpretation. Because garnet fractions are traditionally picked from crushed samples without regard to intracrystalline origins or chemistries, isochrons will represent mixtures derived to varying degrees from all periods of garnet growth. While measured zoning might generally indicate what garnet portion dominates the Lu/Hf or Sm/Nd budget, traditional mineral separation will rarely realize the chronologic potential afforded by high precision Hf and Nd isotope measurements. The potential use of alternative techniques, such as microsampling, necessitates selective digestion and/or leaching to eliminate inclusions within garnet. For Sm/Nd geochronology, H2SO4 leaching removes LREE-rich phosphates (e.g. apatite), but not silicates (e.g. epidote), precluding Sm-Nd dating of some rocks. For Lu/Hf geochronology, ubiquitous zircon microinclusions (c. 1 μm) can significantly disrupt age determinations. Microinclusions cannot be detected optically or separated physically, requiring selective chemical digestion. If complete digestion methods, such as bomb digestion, are used for garnet fractions, then "common Hf" from zircon will be contained in final solutions. These mixed analyses are of dubious utility and will fall into one of two

Radiation Nanomedicine for EGFR-Positive Breast Cancer: Panitumumab-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Complexed to the β-Particle-Emitter, (177)Lu.

PubMed

Yook, Simmyung; Cai, Zhongli; Lu, Yijie; Winnik, Mitchell A; Pignol, Jean-Philippe; Reilly, Raymond M

2015-11-02

Our objective was to construct a novel radiation nanomedicine for treatment of breast cancer (BC) expressing epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), particularly triple-negative tumors (TNBC). Gold nanoparticles (AuNP; 30 nm) were modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (4 kDa) derivatized with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelators for complexing the β-emitter, (177)Lu and with PEG chains (5 kDa) linked to panitumumab for targeting BC cells expressing EGFR. The AuNP were further coated with PEG chains (2 kDa) to stabilize the particles to aggregation. The binding and internalization of EGFR-targeted AuNP ((177)Lu-T-AuNP) into BC cells was studied and compared to nontargeted (177)Lu-NT-AuNP. The cytotoxicity of (177)Lu-T-AuNP and (177)Lu-NT-AuNP was measured in clonogenic assays using BC cells with widely different EGFR densities: MDA-MB-468 (10(6) receptors/cell), MDA-MB-231 (10(5) receptors/cell), and MCF-7 cells (10(4) receptors/cell). Radiation absorbed doses to the cell nucleus of MDA-MB-468 cells were estimated based on subcellular distribution. Darkfield and fluorescence microscopy as well as radioligand binding assays revealed that (177)Lu-T-AuNP were specifically bound by BC cells dependent on their EGFR density whereas the binding and internalization of (177)Lu-NT-AuNP was significantly lower. The affinity of binding of (177)Lu-T-AuNP to MDA-MB-468 cells was reduced by 2-fold compared to (123)I-labeled panitumumab (KD = 1.3 ± 0.2 nM vs 0.7 ± 0.4 nM, respectively). The cytotoxicity of (177)Lu-T-AuNP was dependent on the amount of radioactivity incubated with BC cells, their EGFR density and the radiosensitivity of the cells. The clonogenic survival (CS) of MDA-MB-468 cells overexpressing EGFR was reduced to <0.001% at the highest amount of (177)Lu-T-AuNP tested (4.5 MBq; 6 × 10(11) AuNP per 2.5 × 10(4)-1.2 × 10(5) cells). (177)Lu-T-AuNP were less effective for killing MDA-MB-231 cells or MCF-7 cells with

Somatostatin-based radiopeptide therapy with [177Lu-DOTA]-TOC versus [90Y-DOTA]-TOC in neuroendocrine tumours.

PubMed

Romer, A; Seiler, D; Marincek, N; Brunner, P; Koller, M T; Ng, Q K T; Maecke, H R; Müller-Brand, J; Rochlitz, C; Briel, M; Schindler, C; Walter, M A

2014-02-01

Somatostatin-based radiopeptide treatment is generally performed using the β-emitting radionuclides (90)Y or (177)Lu. The present study aimed at comparing benefits and harms of both therapeutic approaches. In a comparative cohort study, patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours underwent repeated cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC or [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC until progression of disease or permanent adverse events. Multivariable Cox regression and competing risks regression were employed to examine predictors of survival and adverse events for both treatment groups. Overall, 910 patients underwent 1,804 cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC and 141 patients underwent 259 cycles of [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC. The median survival after [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC and after [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC was comparable (45.5 months versus 35.9 months, hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.30, p = 0.49). Subgroup analyses revealed a significantly longer survival for [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC over [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC in patients with low tumour uptake, solitary lesions and extra-hepatic lesions. The rate of severe transient haematotoxicities was lower after [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC treatment (1.4 vs 10.1%, p = 0.001), while the rate of severe permanent renal toxicities was similar in both treatment groups (9.2 vs 7.8%, p = 0.32). The present results revealed no difference in median overall survival after [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC and [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC. Furthermore, [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC was less haematotoxic than [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC.

Between the Living and the Dead: Trauma Medicine and Forensic Medicine in the Mid-Qing

PubMed Central

Wu, Yi-Li

2015-01-01

This paper analyzes the influence of forensic medicine on therapeutic medicine through a case study of Qian Xiuchang and Hu Tingguang, two Chinese doctors who specialized in treating traumatic injuries. During the early nineteenth century, both men compiled medical treatises that sought to improve on a scholarly model of “rectifying bones” articulated in 1742 by the Imperially-Compiled Golden Mirror of the Medical Lineage. Both texts also incorporated information from forensic medicine, including official inquest diagrams and checklists promulgated by the Qing government. I show that they drew on these forensic materials to help address two interlinked medical issues: understanding the effects of injury on different parts of the body, and clarifying the location and form of the body’s bones. Overall, I suggest that the exchange of ideas between the realm of therapeutic medicine and forensic medicine was an important epistemological strategy that doctors and officials alike employed to improve their knowledge of the material body. PMID:26512255

Between the Living and the Dead: Trauma Medicine and Forensic Medicine in the Mid-Qing.

PubMed

Wu, Yi-Li

2015-03-01

This paper analyzes the influence of forensic medicine on therapeutic medicine through a case study of Qian Xiuchang and Hu Tingguang, two Chinese doctors who specialized in treating traumatic injuries. During the early nineteenth century, both men compiled medical treatises that sought to improve on a scholarly model of "rectifying bones" articulated in 1742 by the Imperially-Compiled Golden Mirror of the Medical Lineage . Both texts also incorporated information from forensic medicine, including official inquest diagrams and checklists promulgated by the Qing government. I show that they drew on these forensic materials to help address two interlinked medical issues: understanding the effects of injury on different parts of the body, and clarifying the location and form of the body's bones. Overall, I suggest that the exchange of ideas between the realm of therapeutic medicine and forensic medicine was an important epistemological strategy that doctors and officials alike employed to improve their knowledge of the material body.

MS Lu installs the TVIS equipment in Zvezda during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-16

STS106-390-024 (8-20 September 2000) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, mission specialist, handles part of the treadmill device on the Service Module for the International Space Station. The crew left this and a large number of other items of hardware and supplies for future inhabitants of the station. Lu and four other astronauts, along with two cosmonauts, are wrapping up a 4.9 million-mile mission in which more than three tons of equipment were delivered to the International outpost.

Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} glass ceramic films: Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carrera Jota, M.L.; García Murillo, A., E-mail: angarciam@ipn.mx; Carrillo Romo, F.

2014-03-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}@SiO{sub 2} films were synthesized by sol–gel and by dip-coating technique. • Effects of incorporating PVP on structural properties were studied. • Effects of incorporating silica (SiO{sub 2}) luminescence characteristics were analyzed. • X-ray diffraction results showed that Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}@SiO{sub 2} crystallizes at 700 °C. • The 611 nm emission for the Lu:Si = 8:1 system presented an improvement. - Abstract: For the first time, transparent and crack free europium-doped lutetia silica sol–gel films were synthesized using the dip-coating technique on silica quartz substrates. In this study, we examined themore » effects of incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silica (SiO{sub 2}) into different precursor solutions for different Lu–Si molar ratios: 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1. Different systems, such as Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}@SiO{sub 2} (using the above Lu:Si molar ratios), were synthesized by sol–gel and by dip-coating technique, employing acetylacetonate lutetium and tetraethylorthosilicate as Lu and Si precursors, in order to produce Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} (5 mol%)@SiO{sub 2} glass–ceramic films. The film microstructure was studied by microRaman spectroscopy (MRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for different Lu:Si molar ratios on films annealed at 700 °C. X-ray diffraction results showed that the lutetium oxide cubic phase crystallizes in the silica matrix at 700 °C, and the crystallite size of Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}@SiO{sub 2} films varies from 5 nm to 17 nm according to the respective Lu:Si molar ratios. Opto-geometrical parameters determined by m-lines spectroscopy using a 632.5 nm He–Ne laser showed that the Eu{sup 3+} doped films heat-treated at 700 °C presented a thickness and density of 1.7 μm (8.8 g cm{sup −3}), 970 nm (9.2 g cm{sup −3}), 1 μm (9.3 g cm{sup −3}) and 1.3 μm (9.25 g cm{sup −3}) for the Lu:Si = 4:1, 6:1, 8

[Review of "Appended emergent recipes" recorded in New Chronicle of Wuqiang County of the Qing dynasty].

PubMed

Kong, Lingqing

2014-01-01

In the volume 10 of New Chronicle of the Wuqiang County compiled in the 10(th) year of Daoguang reign (1830), there is an attached "Appended emergent recipes" with a large space devoted to TCM first-aid therapies, including 13,000 Chinese characters under 14 topics. Under each topic, the first-aid measures from Xi yuan ji lu (Collected Records of Washing Away Wrong Cases) are first cited, followed by many practical first-aid methods, thus summarizing emergency medicine and experiences since the Song dynasty, embodying the abundant first-aid therapy of northern China, representing the real level of emergent medicine of that period. It is quite seldom to see so rich emergent measures collected in an overall county chronicle and is therefore of significance for the studies on the history of the versions of the book Xi yuan ji lu.

Overall survival and response pattern of castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer to multiple cycles of radioligand therapy using [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617.

PubMed

Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Wegen, Simone; Yordanova, Anna; Fimmers, Rolf; Kürpig, Stefan; Eppard, Elisabeth; Wei, Xiao; Schlenkhoff, Carl; Hauser, Stefan; Essler, Markus

2017-08-01

Up to 30% of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) do not show any response to the first cycle of radioligand therapy (RLT) with [ 177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA). We evaluated patient response to the second and third cycles of RLT in patients that underwent at least three cycles. The second aim of this study was to calculate the median overall survival (OS) of responders and non-responders after the first cycle and after all three cycles of RLT. CRPC patients were treated with Lu-PSMA, with a median interval of 8 weeks between each cycle. The tumour marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was used as the marker for response evaluation. Fifty-two patients underwent a total of 190 cycles of RLT (3-6 cycles per patient). Of these, 80.8% showed a decline in PSA 2 months after the first cycle, with 44.2% showing a PSA decline of ≥50%. When compared to baseline PSA, 73.1% showed a PSA decline after the third cycle. 50% of patients that did not show any response to the first cycle also did not respond to the second and third cycles. The median OS was 60 weeks in all patients. The median OS was significantly longer for patients that showed any PSA decline after the first cycle compared to patients without PSA decline (68 vs. 33 weeks). There was a significant difference in median OS between responders and non-responders for a change in PSA after the third cycle compared to baseline PSA. Patients with a positive response to RLT, regardless of the rate of decline, had a significantly longer median OS. Of the patients that did not show any response to the first cycle, 50% responded to the second or third cycles.

The regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu (1875-1915).

PubMed

özbek, Müge

2010-01-01

This study examines the development and nature of the regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu during the late Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the way the regulationist regime reinforced existing patterns of class and gender domination. The regulation of prostitution became a matter of urgency in the last decades of the nineteenth century in Istanbul, particularly in Beyoğlu, the cosmopolitan centre of the city. Through this process, the protests of the local residents of the area objecting to the proliferation of prostitution in their neighbourhoods played a crucial role in prompting the governmental authorities to tighten the regulations.

Performance Evaluation and Quantitative Accuracy of Multipinhole NanoSPECT/CT Scanner for Theranostic Lu-177 Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Arun; Kim, Kyeong Yun; Hwang, Donghwi; Lee, Min Sun; Lee, Dong Soo; Lee, Jae Sung

2018-06-01

SPECT plays important role in peptide receptor targeted radionuclide therapy using theranostic radionuclides such as Lu-177 for the treatment of various cancers. However, SPECT studies must be quantitatively accurate because the reliable assessment of tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue ratios can only be performed using quantitatively accurate images. Hence, it is important to evaluate performance parameters and quantitative accuracy of preclinical SPECT systems for therapeutic radioisotopes before conducting pre- and post-therapy SPECT imaging or dosimetry studies. In this study, we evaluated system performance and quantitative accuracy of NanoSPECT/CT scanner for Lu-177 imaging using point source and uniform phantom studies. We measured recovery coefficient, uniformity, spatial resolution, system sensitivity and calibration factor for mouse whole body standard aperture. We also performed the experiments using Tc-99m to compare the results with that of Lu-177. We found that the recovery coefficient of more than 70% for Lu-177 at the optimum noise level when nine iterations were used. The spatial resolutions of Lu-177 with and without adding uniform background was comparable to that of Tc-99m in axial, radial and tangential directions. System sensitivity measured for Lu-177 was almost three times less than that of Tc-99m.

A comparison of SuperLU solvers on the intel MIC architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tuncel, Mehmet; Duran, Ahmet; Celebi, M. Serdar; Akaydin, Bora; Topkaya, Figen O.

2016-10-01

In many science and engineering applications, problems may result in solving a sparse linear system AX=B. For example, SuperLU_MCDT, a linear solver, was used for the large penta-diagonal matrices for 2D problems and hepta-diagonal matrices for 3D problems, coming from the incompressible blood flow simulation (see [1]). It is important to test the status and potential improvements of state-of-the-art solvers on new technologies. In this work, sequential, multithreaded and distributed versions of SuperLU solvers (see [2]) are examined on the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors using offload programming model at the EURORA cluster of CINECA in Italy. We consider a portfolio of test matrices containing patterned matrices from UFMM ([3]) and randomly located matrices. This architecture can benefit from high parallelism and large vectors. We find that the sequential SuperLU benefited up to 45 % performance improvement from the offload programming depending on the sparse matrix type and the size of transferred and processed data.

Proceedings of the Colloquium of the International Astronomical Union (127th). Reference Systems Held in Virginia Beach, Virginia on October 14-20, 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-06

R.L. Duncombe, O.G. Franz, capabilities of the Hubble Space L.W. Fredrick, T. Gerard, Telescope fine guidance sensors P.D. Hemenway, B. McArthur, J...frame: Counterproposal to the Circular Letter no. 4 of Kovalevsky - I - .) 10. H. Eichhorn The organization of space : frames, systems and 97 standards...Heifets of REGATTA-ASTRO space astrometry program 48. W. Jin, T. Xu, Influence of systematic differences of FK4 on 280 P. Lu, and D. Liao determining

Scintillation properties of YAlO3 doped with Lu and Nd perovskite single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akatsuka, Masaki; Usui, Yuki; Nakauchi, Daisuke; Kato, Takumi; Kawano, Naoki; Okada, Go; Kawaguchi, Noriaki; Yanagida, Takayuki

2018-05-01

YAlO3 (YAP) single crystals doped with Lu and Nd were grown by the Floating Zone (FZ) method to evaluate their scintillation properties particularly emissions in the near-infrared (NIR) range. The Nd concentration was fixed to 0 or 1 mol% while the Lu concentration was varied from 0 to 30%. When X-ray was irradiated, the scintillation of Nd-doped samples was observed predominantly at 1064 nm due to 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transition of Nd3+. In contrast, a weak emission around 700 nm appeared in the samples doped with only Lu, and the emission origin was attributed to defect centers. In the Nd3+-doped samples, the decay time was 94-157 μs due to the 4f-4f transitions of Nd3+ whereas the Lu-doped samples showed signal with the decay time of 1.45-1.54 ms. The emission origin of the latter signal was attributed to the perovskite lattice defect.

Phase stabilization in transparent Lu2O3:Eu ceramics by lattice expansion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seeley, Z. M.; Dai, Z. R.; Kuntz, J. D.; Cherepy, N. J.; Payne, S. A.

2012-11-01

Gadolinium lutetium oxide transparent ceramics doped with europium (Gd,Lu)2O3:Eu were fabricated via vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Nano-scale starting powder with the composition GdxLu1.9-xEu0.1O3 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1) were uniaxially pressed and sintered under high vacuum at 1625 °C to obtain ˜97% dense structures with closed porosity. Sintered compacts were then subjected to 200 MPa argon gas at temperatures between 1750 and 1900 °C to reach full density. It was observed that a small portion of the Eu3+ ions were exsolved from the Lu2O3 cubic crystal lattice and concentrated at the grain boundaries, where they precipitated into a secondary monoclinic phase creating optical scattering defects. Addition of Gd3+ ions into the Lu2O3 cubic lattice formed the solid solution (Gd,Lu)2O3:Eu and stretched the lattice parameter allowing the larger Eu3+ ions to stay in solid solution, reducing the secondary phase and improving the transparency of the ceramics. Excess gadolinium, however, resulted in a complete phase transformation to monoclinic at pressures and temperatures sufficient for densification. Light yield performance was measured and all samples show equal amounts of the characteristic Eu3+ luminescence, indicating gadolinium addition had no adverse effect. This material has potential to improve the performance of high energy radiography devices.

68Ga/177Lu-labeled DOTA-TATE shows similar imaging and biodistribution in neuroendocrine tumor model.

PubMed

Liu, Fei; Zhu, Hua; Yu, Jiangyuan; Han, Xuedi; Xie, Qinghua; Liu, Teli; Xia, Chuanqin; Li, Nan; Yang, Zhi

2017-06-01

Somatostatin receptors are overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors, whose endogenous ligands are somatostatin. DOTA-TATE is an analogue of somatostatin, which shows high binding affinity to somatostatin receptors. We aim to evaluate the 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-labeling DOTA-TATE kit in neuroendocrine tumor model for molecular imaging and to try human-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE in neuroendocrine tumor patients. DOTA-TATE kits were formulated and radiolabeled with 68 Ga/ 177 Lu for 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE (M-DOTA-TATE). In vitro and in vivo stability of 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE were performed. Nude mice bearing human tumors were injected with 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE or 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE for micro-positron emission tomography and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging separately, and clinical positron emission tomography/computed tomography images of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE were obtained at 1 h post-intravenous injection from patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Micro-positron emission tomography and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE and 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE both showed clear tumor uptake which could be blocked by excess DOTA-TATE. In addition, 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in neuroendocrine tumor patients could show primary and metastatic lesions. 68 Ga-DOTA-TATE and 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE could accumulate in tumors in animal models, paving the way for better clinical peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumor patients in Asian population.

3D Crust and Uppermost Mantle Structure beneath Tian Shan Region from ambient noise and earthquake surface waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, X.; Wen, L.

2017-12-01

As a typical active intracontinental mountain range in Central Asia, Tian Shan Mt serves as the prototype in studying geodynamic processes and mechanism of intracontinental mountain building. We study 3D crust and the uppermost mantle structure beneath Tian Shan region using ambient noise and earthquake surface waves. Our dataset includes vertical component records of 62 permanent broadband seismic stations operated by the Earthquake Administration of China. Firstly, we calculate two-year stacked Cross-Correlation Functions (CCFs) of ambient noise records between the stations. The CCFs are treated as the Empirical Green's Functions (EGFs) of each station pair, from which we measured phase velocities of fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave in the period of 3-40 s using a frequency-time analysis method. Secondly, we collect surface wave data from tele-seismic events with Mw > 5.5 and depth shallower than 200 km and measure phase velocities of the fundamental-mode of Rayleigh wave in the period of 30-150 s using a two-station method. Finally, we combine the phase velocity measurements from ambient noise and earthquake surface waves, obtain lateral isotropic phase velocity maps at different periods based on tomography and invert a 3D Vsv model of crust and uppermost mantle down to about 150 km using a Monte Carlo Inversion method. We will discuss our inversion results in detail, as well as their implications to the tectonics in the region.

Calculations of steady and transient channel flows with a time-accurate L-U factorization scheme

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, S.-W.

1991-01-01

Calculations of steady and unsteady, transonic, turbulent channel flows with a time accurate, lower-upper (L-U) factorization scheme are presented. The L-U factorization scheme is formally second-order accurate in time and space, and it is an extension of the steady state flow solver (RPLUS) used extensively to solve compressible flows. A time discretization method and the implementation of a consistent boundary condition specific to the L-U factorization scheme are also presented. The turbulence is described by the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulence model. The present L-U scheme yields stable numerical results with the use of much smaller artificial dissipations than those used in the previous steady flow solver for steady and unsteady channel flows. The capability to solve time dependent flows is shown by solving very weakly excited and strongly excited, forced oscillatory, channel flows.

Tumour control probability derived from dose distribution in homogeneous and heterogeneous models: assuming similar pharmacokinetics, 125Sn-177Lu is superior to 90Y-177Lu in peptide receptor radiotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walrand, Stephan; Hanin, François-Xavier; Pauwels, Stanislas; Jamar, François

2012-07-01

Clinical trials on 177Lu-90Y therapy used empirical activity ratios. Radionuclides (RN) with larger beta maximal range could favourably replace 90Y. Our aim is to provide RN dose-deposition kernels and to compare the tumour control probability (TCP) of RN combinations. Dose kernels were derived by integration of the mono-energetic beta-ray dose distributions (computed using Monte Carlo) weighted by their respective beta spectrum. Nine homogeneous spherical tumours (1-25 mm in diameter) and four spherical tumours including a lattice of cold, but alive, spheres (1, 3, 5, 7 mm in diameter) were modelled. The TCP for 93Y, 90Y and 125Sn in combination with 177Lu in variable proportions (that kept constant the renal cortex biological effective dose) were derived by 3D dose kernel convolution. For a mean tumour-absorbed dose of 180 Gy, 2 mm homogeneous tumours and tumours including 3 mm diameter cold alive spheres were both well controlled (TCP > 0.9) using a 75-25% combination of 177Lu and 90Y activity. However, 125Sn-177Lu achieved a significantly better result by controlling 1 mm-homogeneous tumour simultaneously with tumours including 5 mm diameter cold alive spheres. Clinical trials using RN combinations should use RN proportions tuned to the patient dosimetry. 125Sn production and its coupling to somatostatin analogue appear feasible. Assuming similar pharmacokinetics 125Sn is the best RN for combination with 177Lu in peptide receptor radiotherapy justifying pharmacokinetics studies in rodent of 125Sn-labelled somatostatin analogues.

Comparative biodistributions and dosimetry of [¹⁷⁷Lu]DOTA-anti-bcl-2-PNA-Tyr³-octreotate and [¹⁷⁷Lu]DOTA-Tyr³-octreotate in a mouse model of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia.

PubMed

Balkin, Ethan R; Liu, Dijie; Jia, Fang; Ruthengael, Varyanna C; Shaffer, Suzanne M; Miller, William H; Lewis, Michael R

2014-01-01

The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) proto-oncogene in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a dominant inhibitor of apoptosis. We developed a (177)Lu-labeled bcl-2 antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-peptide conjugate designed for dual modality NHL therapy, consisting of a radiopharmaceutical capable of simultaneously down-regulating apoptotic resistance and delivering cytotoxic internally emitted radiation. DOTA-anti-bcl-2-Tyr(3)-octreotate was synthesized, labeled with (177)Lu, and purified using RP-HPLC. The PNA-peptide conjugate was evaluated in Mec-1 NHL-bearing mice and compared to [(177)Lu]DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotate in biodistribution and excretion studies. These data were then used to generate in vivo dosimetry models. The PNA-peptide conjugate was readily prepared and radiolabeled in high yield and radiochemical purity. An in vivo blocking study determined that administration of 50 μg of non-radioactive PNA-peptide was the optimal mass for maximum delivery to the tumor. Based on that result, a dosing regimen of (177)Lu-PNA-peptide, for radiologic effect, followed by the optimal mass of non-radioactive compound, for antisense effect, was designed. Using that dosing regimen, biodistribution of the PNA-peptide showed uptake in the tumor with minimal washout over a 4-day period. Uptakes in receptor-positive normal organs were low and displayed nearly complete washout by 24h. Dosimetry models showed that the tumor absorbed dose of the PNA-peptide conjugate was approximately twice that of the peptide-only conjugate. Biodistribution data showed specific tumor targeting of the (177)Lu-labeled PNA-peptide compound with minimal receptor-positive normal tissue uptake when compared to [(177)Lu]DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotate. In vivo dosimetry models predicted a more favorable tumor absorbed dose from [(177)Lu]DOTA-anti-bcl-2-Tyr(3)-octreotate. © 2013.

Luminescent LuVO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Sm, Dy, Er) hollow porous spheres for encapsulation of biomolecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Dan; Liu, Chunlei; Jiang, Lianzhou

2015-10-01

In this study, LuVO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Sm, Dy, Er) hollow porous spheres, synthesized via self-sacrificing templated route, are developed for enzyme immobilization and protein adsorption. The four LuVO4 hollow spheres with diameter of 180 nm, 280 nm, 370 nm and 480 nm were obtained. The size of LuVO4 hollow sphere is dependent on Lu(OH)CO3 template. Upon excitation by UV light, hollow LuVO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Sm, Dy, Er) spheres exhibit red (Eu3+), orange (Sm3+), yellow-green (Dy3+), and green (Er3+) emissions. The good biocompatibility of sample is validated by MTT assay. Due to structure feature and size of obtained sample, the rapid encapsulation of biomolecules within samples has been achieved. Furthermore, the hollow spheres show different biomolecules adsorption capacities at different buffer solution pH values. The release behaviors of two kinds of biomolecules (lysozyme and bovine serum albumin) are also investigated. LuVO4 hollow spheres are suitable carriers for biomolecules. The emission intensity of Eu3+ in the LuVO4:Eu3+ varies with the released amount of LYZ. This enables the monitoring of release process by the change in the luminescence intensity.

Fabrication and properties of Eu:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics for X-ray radiation detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Weifeng; Wang, Jing; Cao, Maoqing; Hu, Zewang; Feng, Yagang; Chen, Xiaopu; Jiang, Nan; Dai, Jiawei; Shi, Yun; Babin, Vladimir; Mihóková, Eva; Nikl, Martin; Li, Jiang

2018-06-01

Europium-doped lutetium oxide (Eu:Lu2O3) nano-powders were synthesized by a co-precipitation method from europium and lutetium nitrates using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitant. Fine and low-agglomerated powders with average particle size of 68 nm were obtained by calcining the precursor at 1100 °C for 4 h. Using this powder as starting material, Eu:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics with the average grain size of ∼46 μm were fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1650 °C for 30 h, whose in-line transmittance reaches 66.3% at 611 nm. The influences of air annealing on optical transmittance, decay time, spectroscopic properties, light output and thermally stimulated luminescence of Eu:Lu2O3 ceramics were investigated in detail. Based on radioluminescence spectra, the light output of the annealed Eu:Lu2O3 ceramics is 10 times higher than that of the commercially available BGO single crystal, and it indicates that transparent Eu:Lu2O3 scintillation ceramics is a promising candidate for X-ray radiation detectors.

Orthopaedic techniques of Sabuncuoğlu in the 15th century Ottoman period.

PubMed

Sarban, Sezgin; Aksoy, Sahin; Uzel, Ilter; Işikan, Uğur E; Atik, Sahap

2005-10-01

Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385-1468) was the author of the surgical textbook Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye (Imperial Surgery). It was the first illustrated surgical textbook in the Turkish-Islamic medical literature. Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye is significant because it includes Sabuncuoğlu's color illustrations of surgical procedures, incisions, fracture dislocation reduction techniques, and instruments. There are only three handwritten copies. Two originally were written by Sabuncuoğlu and are exhibited in Paris and Istanbul. The book was rediscovered in 1936, but some parts are suspected to be missing. The book currently consists of three chapters divided into 193 sections. The third chapter includes orthopaedics and traumatology, reduction techniques of lower and upper extremities, fractures and dislocations, and relevant Greek, Arabic, and Persian textbooks are cited. Sabuncuoğlu also wrote about surgical treatment of congenital hand anomalies. He was the first to advise placing a wooden splint under the palmar side after hand surgery. We reviewed the sections of Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye related to orthopaedics and traumatology. Compared with previous writings by Hippocrates, Ibn-i Sina, and Al-Zahrawi, there are no major differences in the treatment of fracture dislocations.

Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Derived from Lactulose (OsLu) Using Soluble and Immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase

PubMed Central

Cardelle-Cobas, Alejandra; Olano, Agustin; Irazoqui, Gabriela; Giacomini, Cecilia; Batista-Viera, Francisco; Corzo, Nieves; Corzo-Martínez, Marta

2016-01-01

β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae offers a high yield for the synthesis of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) by transgalactosylation. Oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 3 have shown to possess higher in vitro bifidogenic effect than di- and tetrasaccharides. Thus, in this work, an optimization of reaction conditions affecting the specific selectivity of A. oryzae β-galactosidase for synthesis of OsLu has been carried out to enhance OsLu with DP ≥ 3 production. Assays with β-galactosidase immobilized onto a glutaraldehyde–agarose support were also carried out with the aim of making the process cost-effective and industrially viable. Optimal conditions with both soluble and immobilized enzyme for the synthesis of OsLu with DP ≥ 3 were 50 °C, pH 6.5, 450 g/L of lactulose, and 8 U/mL of enzyme, reaching yields of ca. 50% (w/v) of total OsLu and ca. 20% (w/v) of OsLu with DP 3, being 6′-galactosyl-lactulose the major one, after a short reaction time. Selective formation of disaccharides, however, was favored at 60 °C, pH 4.5, 450 g/L of lactulose and 8 U/mL of enzyme. Immobilization increased the enzymatic stability to temperature changes and allowed to reuse the enzyme. We can conclude that the use, under determined optimal conditions, of the A. oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized on a support of glutaraldehyde–agarose constitutes an efficient and cost-effective alternative to the use of soluble β-galactosidases for the synthesis of prebiotic OsLu mixtures. PMID:27014684

High speed corner and gap-seal computations using an LU-SGS scheme

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coirier, William J.

1989-01-01

The hybrid Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) algorithm was added to a widely used series of 2D/3D Euler/Navier-Stokes solvers and was demonstrated for a particular class of high-speed flows. A limited study was conducted to compare the hybrid LU-SGS for approximate Newton iteration and diagonalized Beam-Warming (DBW) schemes on a work and convergence history basis. The hybrid LU-SGS algorithm is more efficient and easier to implement than the DBW scheme originally present in the code for the cases considered. The code was validated for the hypersonic flow through two mutually perpendicular flat plates and then used to investigate the flow field in and around a simplified scramjet module gap seal configuration. Due to the similarities, the gap seal flow was compared to hypersonic corner flow at the same freestream conditions and Reynolds number.

A multigrid LU-SSOR scheme for approximate Newton iteration applied to the Euler equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yoon, Seokkwan; Jameson, Antony

1986-01-01

A new efficient relaxation scheme in conjunction with a multigrid method is developed for the Euler equations. The LU SSOR scheme is based on a central difference scheme and does not need flux splitting for Newton iteration. Application to transonic flow shows that the new method surpasses the performance of the LU implicit scheme.

A new photocatalyst of LuFeO3 for the dye degradation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, M.; Yang, H.; Xian, T.; Zhang, C. R.

2015-08-01

A polyacrylamide gel route was introduced to synthesize LuFeO3 particles, where the effects of calcination temperature, calcination time and chelating agent on the products were investigated. By varying the experimental conditions, several LuFeO3 samples with sphere-, ellipsoid- and worm-like morphologies and average particle sizes of 200-270 nm were prepared. The photocatalytic activity of LuFeO3 samples was evaluated by degrading rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated-sunlight irradiation, revealing that they exhibit a pronounced photocatalytic activity. The effects of p-benzoquinone (BQ), ethanol and oxalic acid (OA) on the photocatalytic efficiency were investigated. It is observed that BQ has almost no effect on the photocatalytic degradation of RhB, ethanol exhibits a substantial suppression of RhB degradation, while OA significantly enhances the photocatalytic efficiency. Hydroxyl (•OH) radicals were examined by fluorimetry using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule, and are found to be produced over the simulated-sunlight irradiated LuFeO3 particles. The addition of ethanol leads to a quenching of •OH radicals, whereas the yield of •OH radicals is highly increased on addition of OA. Based on the experimental results, •OH radicals are suggested to be the dominant active species responsible for the dye degradation, while superoxide (•O2-) radicals play a negligible role in the photocatalysis.

Lu-Hf total-rock age for the Amitsoq gneisses, West Greenland

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pettingill, H. S.; Patchett, P. J.

1981-01-01

Lu-Hf total-rock data for the Amitsoq gneisses of West Greenland yield an age of 3.55 + or - 0.22 billion years, based on the decay constant for Lu-176 of 1.96 x 10 to the -11th/year, and an initial Hf-176/Hf-177 ratio of 0.280482 + or - 33. The result is in good agreement with Rb-Sr total-rock and U-Pb zircon ages. In spite of severe metamorphism of the area at 2.9 billion years, zircons from two of the samples have remained on the total-rock line, and define points close to the initial Hf ratio. The initial Hf-176/Hf-177 lies close to a chondritic Hf isotopic evolution curve from 4.55 billion years to present. This is consistent with the igneous precursors to the Amitsoq gneisses having been derived from the mantle at or shortly before 3.6 billion years. Anomalous relationships between Hf concentration and the Lu-176/Hf-177 ratio may suggest that trace element abundances in the Amitsoq gneisses are partly controlled by processes related to metamorphism.

Fabrication and microstructure of cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Ce:LuAG) transparent ceramics by solid-state reaction method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Junlang, E-mail: lijunlangx@163.com; Xu, Jian, E-mail: xu.jian.57z@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Division of Materials Function, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501

2014-07-01

Highlights: • We fabricate Ce doped lutetium aluminum garnet ceramics by solid-state method. • The raw materials include Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanopowders synthesized by co-precipitation method. • The density of the transparent ceramics reach 99.7% of the theoretical value. • The optical transmittance of the bulk ceramic at 550 nm was 57.48%. • Some scattering centers decrease the optical characteristic of the ceramic. - Abstract: Polycrystalline Ce{sup 3+} doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Ce:LuAG) transparent ceramics fabricated by one step solid-state reaction method using synthetic nano-sized Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, commercial α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CeO{sub 2} powders were investigated in thismore » paper. The green compacts shaped by the mixed powders were successfully densified into Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics after vacuum sintering at 1750 °C for 10 h. The in-line optical transmittance of the Ce:LuAG ceramic made by home-made Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders could reach 57.48% at 550 nm, which was higher than that of the ceramic made by commercial Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders (22.96%). The microstructure observation showed that light scattering centers caused by micro-pores, aluminum segregation and refraction index inhomogeneities induced the decrease of optical transparency of the Ce:LuAG ceramics, which should be removed and optimized in the future work.« less

Lu and Kaleri in Node 1/Unity module

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-26

ISS007-E-18035 (26 October 2003) --- Cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri (left), Expedition 8 flight engineer, and astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, hold tools in the Unity node on the International Space Station (ISS). Kaleri represents Rosaviakosmos.

Highly efficient passive mode locking of Nd:Lu2.9Gd0.1Al5O12 garnet crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di, J. Q.; Xu, X. D.; Xia, C. T.; Tan, W. D.; Zhang, J.; Tang, D. Y.; Li, D. Z.; Zhou, D. H.; Wu, F.; Xu, J.

2013-05-01

Passive mode locking of Nd:Lu2.9Gd0.1Al5O12 (Nd:LuGdAG) crystal lasers was experimentally investigated. Stable mode-locked pulses with pulse widths as short as 9.7 ps were obtained for the Nd:LuGdAG crystal; the corresponding maximum output powers were 0.93 W while the mode-locked slope efficiencies were 43%, among the highest efficiencies ever reported for Nd3+ ps lasers. The results demonstrate that Nd:LuGdAG garnet crystal is a promising gain medium for efficient picosecond laser use.

Electronic structures and superconductivity in LuTE2Si2 phases (TE = d-electron transition metal)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsel-Czekała, M.; Chajewski, G.; Wiśniewski, P.; Romanova, T.; Hackemer, A.; Gorzelniak, R.; Pikul, A. P.; Kaczorowski, D.

2018-05-01

In the course of our search for unconventional superconductors amidst the 1:2:2 phases, we have re-investigated the LuTE2Si2 compounds with TE = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pd and Pt. In this paper, we present the results of our fully relativistic ab initio calculations of the band structures, performed using the full-potential local-orbital code. The theoretical data are supplemented by the results of low-temperature electrical transport and specific heat measurements performed down to 0.35 K. All the materials studied but LuPt2Si2 crystallize with the body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (space group I4/mmm). Their Fermi surfaces exhibit a three-dimensional multi-band character. In turn, the Pt-bearing compound adopts the primitive tetragonal CaBe2Ge2-type structure (space group P4/nmm), and its Fermi surface consists of predominantly quasi-two-dimensional sheets. Bulk superconductivity was found only in LuPd2Si2 and LuPt2Si2 (independent of the structure type and dimensionality of the Fermi surface). The key superconducting characteristics indicate a fully-gapped BCS type character. Though the electronic structure of LuFe2Si2 closely resembles that of the unconventional superconductor YFe2Ge2, this Lu-based silicide exhibits neither superconductivity nor spin fluctuations at least down to 0.35 K.

Antidepressant-like activity of the neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonist Lu AA33810: behavioral, molecular, and immunohistochemical evidence.

PubMed

Domin, Helena; Szewczyk, Bernadeta; Pochwat, Bartłomiej; Woźniak, Monika; Śmiałowska, Maria

2017-02-01

It has recently been found that chronic treatment with the highly selective, brain-penetrating Y5 receptor antagonist, Lu AA33810 [N-[[trans-4-[(4,5-dihydro [1] benzothiepino[5,4-d] thiazol-2-yl) amino] cyclohexyl]methyl]-methanesulfonamide], produces antidepressant-like effects in the rat chronic mild stress model. In the present study, we investigated the possible antidepressant-like activity of Lu AA33810 in rats subjected to glial ablation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by the gliotoxin L-AAA, which is an astroglial degeneration model of depression. We observed that Lu AA33810 administered intraperitoneally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg both reversed depressive-like behavioral changes in the forced swim test (FST) and prevented degeneration of astrocytes in the mPFC. The mechanism of antidepressant and glioprotective effects of Lu AA33810 has not been studied, so far. We demonstrated the contribution of the noradrenergic rather than the serotonergic pathway to the antidepressant-like action of Lu AA33810 in the FST. Moreover, we found that antidepressant-like effect of Lu AA33810 was connected with the influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression. We also demonstrated the antidepressant-like effect of Lu AA33810 in the FST in rats which did not receive the gliotoxin. We found that intracerebroventricular injection of the selective MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126 (5 μg/2 μl) and the selective PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 nmol/2 μl) significantly inhibited the anti-immobility effect of Lu AA33810 in the FST in rats, suggesting that MAPK/ERK and PI3K signaling pathways could be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of Lu AA33810. Our results indicate that Lu AA33810 exerts an antidepressant-like effect and suggest the Y5 receptors as a promising target for antidepressant therapy.

Repeated large-magnitude earthquakes in a tectonically active, low-strain continental interior: The northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landgraf, A.; Dzhumabaeva, A.; Abdrakhmatov, K. E.; Strecker, M. R.; Macaulay, E. A.; Arrowsmith, Jr.; Sudhaus, H.; Preusser, F.; Rugel, G.; Merchel, S.

2016-05-01

The northern Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan has been affected by a series of major earthquakes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To assess the significance of such a pulse of strain release in a continental interior, it is important to analyze and quantify strain release over multiple time scales. We have undertaken paleoseismological investigations at two geomorphically distinct sites (Panfilovkoe and Rot Front) near the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Although located near the historic epicenters, both sites were not affected by these earthquakes. Trenching was accompanied by dating stratigraphy and offset surfaces using luminescence, radiocarbon, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide methods. At Rot Front, trenching of a small scarp did not reveal evidence for surface rupture during the last 5000 years. The scarp rather resembles an extensive debris-flow lobe. At Panfilovkoe, we estimate a Late Pleistocene minimum slip rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm/a, averaged over at least two, probably three earthquake cycles. Dip-slip reverse motion along segmented, moderately steep faults resulted in hanging wall collapse scarps during different events. The most recent earthquake occurred around 3.6 ± 1.3 kyr ago (1σ), with dip-slip offsets between 1.2 and 1.4 m. We calculate a probabilistic paleomagnitude to be between 6.7 and 7.2, which is in agreement with regional data from the Kyrgyz range. The morphotectonic signals in the northern Tien Shan are a prime example of deformation in a tectonically active intracontinental mountain belt and as such can help understand the longer-term coevolution of topography and seismogenic processes in similar structural settings worldwide.

Cubic sub-20 nm NaLuF(4)-based upconversion nanophosphors for high-contrast bioimaging in different animal species.

PubMed

Yang, Tianshe; Sun, Yun; Liu, Qian; Feng, Wei; Yang, Pengyuan; Li, Fuyou

2012-05-01

A new upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanophosphors based on host matrix of cubic NaLuF(4) with bright luminescence have been synthesized by a solvothermal method, facilitate the nanocrystals potential candidates for imaging in vivo, especially large-animals. The sub-20 nm NaLuF(4) co-doped Yb(3+) and Er(3+) (Tm(3+)) showed about 10-fold stronger UCL emission than that of corresponding hexagonal NaYF(4)-based nanocrystals with a 20 nm diameter. Near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) UCL emission of PAA-coated NaLuF(4):20%Yb,1%Tm (PAA-Lu(Tm)) can penetrate >1.5 cm tissue of pork with high contrast. Based on super-strong UCL emission and deep penetration, PAA-Lu(Tm) as optical bioprobe has been demonstrated by in vivo UCL imaging of a normal black mouse, even rabbit with excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, such cubic NaLuF(4)-based nanophosphor was applied in lymph node imaging of live Kunming mouse with rich white fur. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Holocene slip rate along the northern Kongur Shan extensional system: insights on the large pull-apart structure in the NE Pamir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, J.; Li, H.; Chevalier, M.; Liu, D.; Sun, Z.; Pei, J.; Wu, F.; Xu, W.

2013-12-01

Located at the northwestern end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogenic belt, the Kongur Shan extensional system (KES) is a significant tectonic unit in the Chinese Pamir. E-W extension of the KES accommodates deformation due to the India/Asia collision in this area. Cenozoic evolution of the KES has been extensively studied, whereas Late Quaternary deformation along the KES is still poorly constrained. Besides, whether the KES is the northern extension of the Karakorum fault is still debated. Well-preserved normal fault scarps are present all along the KES. Interpretation of satellite images as well as field investigation allowed us to map active normal faults and associated vertically offset geomorphological features along the KES. At one site along the northern Kongur Shan detachment fault, in the eastern Muji basin, a Holocene alluvial fan is vertically offset by the active fault. We measured the vertical displacement of the fan with total station, and collected quartz cobbles for cosmogenic nuclide 10Be dating. Combining the 5-7 m offset and the preliminary surface-exposure ages of ~2.7 ka, we obtain a Holocene vertical slip-rate of 1.8-2.6 mm/yr along the fault. This vertical slip-rate is comparable to the right-lateral horizontal-slip rate along the Muji fault (~4.5 mm/yr, which is the northern end of the KES. Our result is also similar to the Late Quaternary slip-rate derived along the KES around the Muztagh Ata as well as the Tashkurgan normal fault (1-3 mm/yr). Geometry, kinematics, and geomorphology of the KES combined with the compatible slip-rate between the right-lateral strike-slip Muji fault and the Kongur Shan normal fault indicate that the KES may be an elongated pull-apart basin formed between the EW-striking right-lateral strike-slip Muji fault and the NW-SE-striking Karakorum fault. This unique elongated pull-apart structure with long normal fault in the NS direction and relatively short strike-slip fault in the ~EW direction seems to still be in

Isomeric ratio measurements for the radiative neutron capture 176Lu(n,γ) at DANCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denis-Petit, D.; Roig, O.; Méot, V.; Jandel, M.; Vieira, D. J.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A. J.; Haight, R. C.; Keksis, A. L.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.

2016-03-01

The isomeric ratio for the neutron capture reaction 176Lu(n,γ) on the Jπ= 5/2-, 761.7 keV, T1/2=32.8 ns level of 177mLu, has been determined in the neutron energy range 8.5 eV-100 keV for the first time using the DANCE array at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

A new scheduling algorithm for parallel sparse LU factorization with static pivoting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grigori, Laura; Li, Xiaoye S.

2002-08-20

In this paper we present a static scheduling algorithm for parallel sparse LU factorization with static pivoting. The algorithm is divided into mapping and scheduling phases, using the symmetric pruned graphs of L' and U to represent dependencies. The scheduling algorithm is designed for driving the parallel execution of the factorization on a distributed-memory architecture. Experimental results and comparisons with SuperLU{_}DIST are reported after applying this algorithm on real world application matrices on an IBM SP RS/6000 distributed memory machine.

The shallow sedimentary and structural deformation in the southern Longmen Shan: constraints on the seismotectonics of the 2013 Lushan Mw6.7 Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, R.; Xu, X.; He, D.; Suppe, J.

2017-12-01

On April 20, 2013, an unexpected Mw 6.7 earthquake occurred in Lushan County at the southern Longmen Shan, the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. After this Lushan earthquake, whether the seismogenic fault is a high-angle or low-angle fault? The structural characteristics, attribution, and the seismotectonic model of this earthquake have many debates and problems. In this study, a high-resolution seismic reflection profile was combined with near-surface geological data, earthquake relocation and geodetic measurements, and a recent deep artificial seismic reflection profile to identify the active fault and seismotectonics of this earthquake. Three-dimensional imaging of the aftershocks was used to identify two planar faults that together form a y-shape (f1 and f2). Seismic interpretations suggest that the seismogenic fault f1 is a typical basement blind fault that did not penetrate into the overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic units, and it is not a Shuangshi-Dachuan fault (F4) or the frontal Dayi buried fault (F6). Geodetic measurements suggest that the coseismic deformation is consistent with the geometry and kinematics of shear fault-bend folding (FBF). The history of tectonic evolution since the Paleozoic in Longmen Shan area also referred. There are three major detachments control the structural deformation of the upper crust in the Longmen Shan and Western Sichuan Basin, resulting in multiple superimposed deformation events. Deep seismic data indicate the syndepositional nature of fault f1 a preexisting normal fault older than the Triassic, which underwent positive inversion tectonics during the Late Cenozoic. A thrust fault f3 converges with f1 at a depth of approximately12 km with an accumulated slip 3.6 km. This 2013 Lushan earthquake triggered by blind faults is a hidden earthquake. Since the Late Cenozoic, with the strong and on-going compression of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Sichuan Basin, the early-period normal faults were activated after

Atomic Resolution Structure of the Oncolytic Parvovirus LuIII by Electron Microscopy and 3D Image Reconstruction.

PubMed

Pittman, Nikéa; Misseldine, Adam; Geilen, Lorena; Halder, Sujata; Smith, J Kennon; Kurian, Justin; Chipman, Paul; Janssen, Mandy; Mckenna, Robert; Baker, Timothy S; D'Abramo, Anthony; Cotmore, Susan; Tattersall, Peter; Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis

2017-10-30

LuIII, a protoparvovirus pathogenic to rodents, replicates in human mitotic cells, making it applicable for use to kill cancer cells. This virus group includes H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) and minute virus of mice (MVM). However, LuIII displays enhanced oncolysis compared to H-1PV and MVM, a phenotype mapped to the major capsid viral protein 2 (VP2). This suggests that within LuIII VP2 are determinants for improved tumor lysis. To investigate this, the structure of the LuIII virus-like-particle was determined using single particle cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to 3.17 Å resolution, and compared to the H-1PV and MVM structures. The LuIII VP2 structure, ordered from residue 37 to 587 (C-terminal), had the conserved VP topology and capsid morphology previously reported for other protoparvoviruses. This includes a core β-barrel and α-helix A, a depression at the icosahedral 2-fold and surrounding the 5-fold axes, and a single protrusion at the 3-fold axes. Comparative analysis identified surface loop differences among LuIII, H-1PV, and MVM at or close to the capsid 2- and 5-fold symmetry axes, and the shoulder of the 3-fold protrusions. The 2-fold differences cluster near the previously identified MVM sialic acid receptor binding pocket, and revealed potential determinants of protoparvovirus tumor tropism.

Surgery on varicose veins in the early Ottoman period performed by Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu.

PubMed

Darçin, Osman Tansel; Andaç, Mehmet Halit

2003-07-01

Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu, a pioneer of surgery, is known to be the author of first illustrated surgery textbook, Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), which was written in Turkish in 1465 AD at the age of 80 years. The purpose of this article is to describe his contributions to varicose vein surgery. In addition to vascular surgery, Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu was interested in a wide range of surgical specialities including thoracic surgery, general surgery, pediatric surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, urologic surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. His book was the first illustrated textbook of surgery in the Turkish medical literature, containing color illustrations of surgical procedures, incisions, and instruments. The book has been known of for only the past 60 years. There are 137 different medical observations and recommendations in Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye, along with translated passages from the works of Ebu Kasim-ul Zahravi (Albucasis), Al-Tasrif (Textbook of Surgery), including Sabuncuoğlu's additional original contributions. In chapter 90 of the book, Sabuncuoğlu describes lower extremity varices and their surgical treatment and provides a few color illustrations. Although not recognized and rewarded in his time, Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu was a great surgeon in Turkish-Islamic medical history. This review demonstrates that his textbook, Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye, was the first illustrated textbook including various surgical procedures, incisions, and instruments of varicose vein surgery.

Synthesis and luminescent properties of uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres

PubMed Central

Gao, Yu; Yu, He; Shi, Cheng; Zhao, Guiyan; Bi, Yanfeng; Ding, Fu; Sun, Yaguang; Xu, Zhenhe

2017-01-01

Uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres with diameters of about 2.4 µm have been successfully synthesized by the combination of a facile homogeneous precipitation approach, an ion-exchange process and a calcination process. The possible formation mechanism for the hollow microspheres was presented. Furthermore, the luminescence properties revealed that the LuPO4:Eu3+ and LuPO4:Tb3+ phosphors show strong orange-red and green emissions under ultraviolet excitation, respectively, which endows this material with potential application in many fields, such as light display systems and optoelectronic devices. Since the synthetic process can be carried out at mild conditions, it should be straightforward to scale up the entire process for large-scale production of the LuPO4 hollow microspheres. Furthermore, this general and simple method may be of much significance in the synthesis of many other inorganic materials. PMID:29308268

Synthesis and luminescent properties of uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Yu; Yu, He; Shi, Cheng; Zhao, Guiyan; Bi, Yanfeng; Xu, Baotong; Ding, Fu; Sun, Yaguang; Xu, Zhenhe

2017-12-01

Uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres with diameters of about 2.4 µm have been successfully synthesized by the combination of a facile homogeneous precipitation approach, an ion-exchange process and a calcination process. The possible formation mechanism for the hollow microspheres was presented. Furthermore, the luminescence properties revealed that the LuPO4:Eu3+ and LuPO4:Tb3+ phosphors show strong orange-red and green emissions under ultraviolet excitation, respectively, which endows this material with potential application in many fields, such as light display systems and optoelectronic devices. Since the synthetic process can be carried out at mild conditions, it should be straightforward to scale up the entire process for large-scale production of the LuPO4 hollow microspheres. Furthermore, this general and simple method may be of much significance in the synthesis of many other inorganic materials.

Intrinsic electrical properties of LuFe2O4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lafuerza, Sara; García, Joaquín; Subías, Gloria; Blasco, Javier; Conder, Kazimierz; Pomjakushina, Ekaterina

2013-08-01

We here revisit the electrical properties of LuFe2O4, compound candidate for exhibiting multiferroicity. Measurements of dc electrical resistivity as a function of temperature, electric-field polarization measurements at low temperatures with and without magnetic field, and complex impedance as a function of both frequency and temperature were carried out in a LuFe2O4 single crystal, perpendicular and parallel to the hexagonal c axis, and in several ceramic polycrystalline samples. Resistivity measurements reveal that this material is a highly anisotropic semiconductor, being about two orders of magnitude more resistive along the c axis. The temperature dependence of the resistivity indicates a change in the conduction mechanism at TCO ≈ 320 K from thermal activation above TCO to variable range hopping below TCO. The resistivity values at room temperature are relatively small and are below 5000 Ω cm for all samples but we carried out polarization measurements at sufficiently low temperatures, showing that electric-field polarization curves are a straight line as expected for a paraelectric or antiferroelectric material. Furthermore, no differences are found in the polarization curves when a magnetic field is applied either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field. The analysis of the complex impedance data corroborates that the claimed colossal dielectric constant is a spurious effect mainly derived from the capacitance of the electrical contacts. Therefore, our data unequivocally evidence that LuFe2O4 is not ferroelectric.

An In-Depth Analysis of the Chung-Lu Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winlaw, M.; DeSterck, H.; Sanders, G.

2015-10-28

In the classic Erd}os R enyi random graph model [5] each edge is chosen with uniform probability and the degree distribution is binomial, limiting the number of graphs that can be modeled using the Erd}os R enyi framework [10]. The Chung-Lu model [1, 2, 3] is an extension of the Erd}os R enyi model that allows for more general degree distributions. The probability of each edge is no longer uniform and is a function of a user-supplied degree sequence, which by design is the expected degree sequence of the model. This property makes it an easy model to work withmore » theoretically and since the Chung-Lu model is a special case of a random graph model with a given degree sequence, many of its properties are well known and have been studied extensively [2, 3, 13, 8, 9]. It is also an attractive null model for many real-world networks, particularly those with power-law degree distributions and it is sometimes used as a benchmark for comparison with other graph generators despite some of its limitations [12, 11]. We know for example, that the average clustering coe cient is too low relative to most real world networks. As well, measures of a nity are also too low relative to most real-world networks of interest. However, despite these limitations or perhaps because of them, the Chung-Lu model provides a basis for comparing new graph models.« less

Comparative study of optical and scintillation properties of Tm3+:YAG, and Tm3+:LuAG single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujimoto, Yutaka; Sugiyama, Makoto; Yanagida, Takayuki; Wakahara, Shingo; Suzuki, Shotaro; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Chani, Valery; Yoshikawa, Akira

2013-09-01

The optical and scintillation properties of Tm3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Tm3+-doped lutetium aluminum garnet Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) are compared. The Tm3+-doped single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique. Both crystals demonstrated some emission peaks originated from 4f-4f forbidden transition of Tm3+ under 241Am alpha-ray excitation. The scintillation decay time of Tm3+-doped YAG was similar to that of LuAG. When irradiated by the gamma-rays from a 137Cs source, the relative scintillation light yields of Tm:YAG was 90% greater than that of Tm:LuAG.

The {alpha}-particle excited scintillation response of the liquid phase epitaxy grown LuAG:Ce thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prusa, P.; Cechak, T.; Mares, J. A.

2008-01-28

Liquid phase epitaxy grown Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce (LuAG:Ce) 20 {mu}m thick films and plate cut from the bulk Czochralski-grown LuAG:Ce crystal were prepared for comparison of photoelectron yield (PhY) and PhY dependence on shaping time (0.5-10 {mu}s). {sup 241}Am ({alpha} particles) was used for excitation. At the 0.5 {mu}s shaping time, the best film shows comparable PhY with the bulk sample. PhY of bulk material increases noticeably more with shaping time than that of the films. Energy resolution of films is better. Influence of Pb{sup 2+} contamination in the films (from the flux) and antisite Lu{sub Al} defect inmore » bulk material is discussed.« less

L1-CAM-targeted antibody therapy and (177)Lu-radioimmunotherapy of disseminated ovarian cancer.

PubMed

Fischer, Eliane; Grünberg, Jürgen; Cohrs, Susan; Hohn, Alexander; Waldner-Knogler, Karin; Jeger, Simone; Zimmermann, Kurt; Novak-Hofer, Ilse; Schibli, Roger

2012-06-01

The L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) is highly expressed in various cancer types including ovarian carcinoma but is absent from most normal tissue. A chimeric monoclonal antibody, chCE7, specifically binds to human L1-CAM and exhibits anti-proliferative effects on L1-CAM-expressing tumor cells. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel (177)Lu-chCE7 radioimmunotherapeutic agent and to compare it to a treatment protocol with unlabeled, growth-inhibiting chCE7 in a mouse xenograft model of disseminated ovarian cancer. chCE7agl, an aglycosylated IgG1 variant with improved pharmacokinetics, was conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N-N'-N'-N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with the low-energy β-emitter (177)Lu. Tumor growth and survival were assessed after a single i.v. dose of 8 MBq (60 μg) radioimmunoconjugate in nude mice bearing either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal SKOV3.ip1 human ovarian cancer tumors. Therapeutic efficacy was compared with three times weekly i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg unconjugated chCE7. In vivo analysis of (177)Lu-chCE7agl biodistribution demonstrated high and specific accumulation of radioactivity at the tumor site with maximal tumor uptake of up to 48.0 ± 8.1% ID/g at 168 h postinjection. A single treatment with (177)Lu-DOTA-chCE7agl caused significant retardation of tumor growth and prolonged median survival from 33 to 71 days, while administration of a nontargeted (177)Lu-immunoconjugate had no beneficial effect. Three times weekly i.p. application of unlabeled chCE7 10 mg/kg similarly increased survival from 44 to 72 days. We conclude that a single dose of (177)Lu-DOTA-chCE7agl is as effective as repeated administration of nonradioactive chCE7 for treatment of small intraperitoneal tumors expressing L1-CAM. Copyright © 2011 UICC.

CW and tunable performances of Yb3+:LuAG transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Chaoyang; Zhu, Jiangfeng; Liu, Kai; Wen, Zicheng; Ma, Ran; Long, Jiaqi; Yuan, Xuanyi; Cao, Yongge

2017-07-01

We report the CW laser operation and wavelength tunability of 10 at%, 15 at% and 20 at% Yb3+-doping LuAG ceramics pumped at 970 nm. The absorption saturation effects were taken into account herein. For 10 at% Yb3+-doping sample, the maximum slop efficiency and output power was 60.7% and 1.8 W, respectively. Furthermore, the slop efficiencies of 52.3% (15 at%) and 46.5% (20 at%) were reported. What's more, the maximum optical-to-optical efficiency for our samples was determined to be 40.1%, 36.8%, and 33.1% at the incident pump power of 4 W, respectively. The round-trip cavity loss of the laser system based on our Yb3+:LuAG ceramics were evaluated. The tuning curve of a 20 at% Yb3+:LuAG ceramic extended from 1018 nm up to 1062 nm, and that of 10 at% and 15 at% samples became much more broader, making Yb3+:LuAG ceramics possible candidates for ultrashort pulse generation.

Autonomous parvovirus LuIII encapsidates equal amounts of plus and minus DNA strands

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bates, R.C.; Snyder, C.E.; Banerjee, P.T.

1984-02-01

Autonomous parvoviruses are thought to uniquely encapsidate single-stranded DNA of minus polarity. In contrast, the defective adeno-associated viruses separately encapsidate equal amounts of plus and minus DNA strands. The uniqueness of minus strand encapsidation is reexamined for the autonomous parvoviruses. Although it was found that Kilham rat virus and H-1 virus encapsidate varying but small amounts of complementary-strand DNA, it was unexpected to find that LuIII virus encapsidated equal amounts of plus and minus DNA. The extracted LuIII DNA possessed properties of double-stranded replicative-form DNA, including insensitivity to S1 endonuclease, cleavage by restriction enzymes, and conversion to unit-length, single-stranded DNAmore » when electrophoresed under denaturing conditions. However, the inability of this DNA to form single-stranded DNA circles when denatured and then renatured in the presence of formamide and the lack of double-stranded DNA circle formation after treatment with exonuclease III and reannealing shows a lack of sequence homology of the 3' and 5' termini of LuIII DNA, in contrast to adeno-associated virus DNA. Digestion of LuIII double-stranded DNA with EcoRI and HincII and separation of plus and minus DNA strands on composite agarose-acrylamide gels identified a heterogeneity present only in the plus DNA strand. These results suggest that strand specificity of viral DNA encapsidation is not a useful property for differentiation between the autonomous and defective parvoviruses. Furthermore, encapsidation by LuIII of equal amounts of complementary DNA strands in contrast to encapsidation of minus strands by H-1 virus, when propagated in the same host cell type, suggests that selection of strands for encapsidation is a virus-coded rather than host-controlled event.« less

Adaptive control of servo system based on LuGre model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Wang; Niancong, Liu; Jianlong, Chen; Weitao, Geng

2018-03-01

This paper established a mechanical model of feed system based on LuGre model. In order to solve the influence of nonlinear factors on the system running stability, a nonlinear single observer is designed to estimate the parameter z in the LuGre model and an adaptive friction compensation controller is designed. Simulink simulation results show that the control method can effectively suppress the adverse effects of friction and external disturbances. The simulation show that the adaptive parameter kz is between 0.11-0.13, and the value of gamma1 is between 1.9-2.1. Position tracking error reaches level 10-3 and is stabilized near 0 values within 0.3 seconds, the compensation method has better tracking accuracy and robustness.

The backend design of an environmental monitoring system upon real-time prediction of groundwater level fluctuation under the hillslope.

PubMed

Lin, Hsueh-Chun; Hong, Yao-Ming; Kan, Yao-Chiang

2012-01-01

The groundwater level represents a critical factor to evaluate hillside landslides. A monitoring system upon the real-time prediction platform with online analytical functions is important to forecast the groundwater level due to instantaneously monitored data when the heavy precipitation raises the groundwater level under the hillslope and causes instability. This study is to design the backend of an environmental monitoring system with efficient algorithms for machine learning and knowledge bank for the groundwater level fluctuation prediction. A Web-based platform upon the model-view controller-based architecture is established with technology of Web services and engineering data warehouse to support online analytical process and feedback risk assessment parameters for real-time prediction. The proposed system incorporates models of hydrological computation, machine learning, Web services, and online prediction to satisfy varieties of risk assessment requirements and approaches of hazard prevention. The rainfall data monitored from the potential landslide area at Lu-Shan, Nantou and Li-Shan, Taichung, in Taiwan, are applied to examine the system design.

[177Lu-DOTA]0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (177Lu-DOTATOC) For Peptide Receptor Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Phase-II Study

PubMed Central

Baum, Richard P.; Kluge, Andreas W.; Kulkarni, Harshad; Schorr-Neufing, Ulrike; Niepsch, Karin; Bitterlich, Norman; van Echteld, Cees J.A.

2016-01-01

Purpose: To characterise efficacy and safety of 177Lu-DOTATOC as agent for peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) of advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NET). Patients and methods: Fifty-six subjects with metastasized and progressive NET (50% gastroenteral, 26.8% pancreatic, 23.2% other primary sites) treated consecutively with 177Lu-DOTATOC were analysed retrospectively. Subjects were administered 177Lu-DOTATOC (mean 2.1 cycles; range 1-4) as 7.0GBq (median) doses at three-monthly intervals. Efficacy was analysed using CT and/or MRI according to RECIST 1.1 criteria and results were stratified for the number of administered cycles and the primary tumour origin. Results: In the total NET population (A), median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 17.4 and 34.2 months, respectively, assessed in a follow-up time (mean ± SD) of 16.1 ± 12.4 months. In patients receiving more than one cycle, mean follow-up time was 22.4 ± 11.0 months for all NETs (B) and PFS was 32.0 months for all NETs (B), 34.5 months for GEP-NET (C), and 11.9 months for other NETs (D). Objective response rates (Complete/Partial Responses) were 33.9%, 40.6%, 54.2%, and 0% for A, B, C, and D groups, respectively, while disease control rates in the same were 66.1%, 93.8%, 100%, and 75%. Complete responses (16.1%, 18.8% and 25.0% for groups A, B and C) were high, 78% of which were maintained throughout the follow up. There were no serious adverse events. One case of self-limiting grade 3 myelotoxicity was reported. Although 20% of patients had mild renal insufficiency at baseline, there was no evidence of exacerbated or de novo renal toxicity after treatment. Conclusion: 177Lu-DOTATOC is a novel agent for PRRT with major potential to induce objective tumour responses and sustained disease control in progressive neuroendocrine tumours, even when administered in moderate activities. The observed safety profile suggests a particularly favourable therapeutic index, including in patients with

Effects of Gd/Lu ratio on the luminescence properties and garnet phase stability of Ce3+ activated GdxLu3-xAl5O12 single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartosiewicz, K.; Babin, V.; Kamada, K.; Yoshikawa, A.; Beitlerova, A.; Nikl, M.

2018-06-01

The luminescence properties of Ce3+ activated (Gd,Lu)3Al5O12 single crystals are investigated as a function of the Gd/Lu ratio with the aim of an improved understanding of the luminescence quenching, energy transfer processes, and garnet phase stability. Upon heavy substitution of Lu with Gd, the target garnet phase becomes thermodynamically unstable and unwanted secondary phase inclusions arise. The secondary phase shows luminescence properties in the UV spectral range. The thermal quenching process of the 5d→4f emission of Ce3+ in the garnet phase is determined by the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence decay time and delayed radiative recombination decays. The results show that the onset of the thermal quenching is moved to lower temperatures with increasing the Gd3+ content. The main mechanism responsible for the luminescence quenching is due to the non-radiative relaxation from 5d1 excited state to 4f ground state of Ce3+. The energy transfer processes between Gd3+ and Ce3+ as well as between secondary and garnet phase are evidenced by the photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra as well as decay kinetic measurements.

Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Ho-Doped Lu3Al5O12 Single Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiyama, Makoto; Yanagida, Takayuki; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Totsuka, Daisuke; Yokota, Yuui; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Futami, Yoshisuke; Yoshikawa, Akira

2012-10-01

The crystals of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3% Ho doped Lu3Al5O12 (Ho:LuAG) grown by the micro-pulling-down method were examined for their scintillation properties. At wavelengths longer than 300 nm, Ho:LuAG crystals demonstrated around 60% transparency with many absorption peaks attributed to Ho3+ 4f10-4 f10 transitions. When excited by 241Am α-ray to obtain radio luminescence spectra, broad host emission and four sharp Ho3+ 4f10-4 f10 emission peaks were detected in the visible region. Light yields and decay time profiles of the samples irradiated by 137Cs γ-ray were measured using photomultiplier tubes R7600 (Hamamatsu). Ho 0.5%:LuAG showed the highest light yield of 3100 ±310 photons/MeV among the present samples. The decay time profiles were well reproduced by two components exponential approximation consisting of 0.5-1 μs and 3-6 μs.

Comparative study of the compensated semi-metals LaBi and LuBi: a first-principles approach.

PubMed

Dey, Urmimala

2018-05-23

We have investigated the electronic structures of LaBi and LuBi, employing the full-potential all electron method as implemented in Wien2k. Using this, we have studied in detail both the bulk and the surface states of these materials. From our band structure calculations we find that LuBi, like LaBi, is a compensated semi-metal with almost equal and sizable electron and hole pockets. In analogy with experimental evidence in LaBi, we thus predict that LuBi will also be a candidate for extremely large magneto-resistance (XMR), which should be of immense technological interest. Our calculations reveal that LaBi, despite being gapless in the bulk spectrum, displays the characteristic features of a [Formula: see text] topological semi-metal, resulting in gapless Dirac cones on the surface, whereas LuBi only shows avoided band inversion in the bulk and is thus a conventional compensated semi-metal with extremely large magneto-resistance.

Comparative study of the compensated semi-metals LaBi and LuBi: a first-principles approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dey, Urmimala

2018-05-01

We have investigated the electronic structures of LaBi and LuBi, employing the full-potential all electron method as implemented in Wien2k. Using this, we have studied in detail both the bulk and the surface states of these materials. From our band structure calculations we find that LuBi, like LaBi, is a compensated semi-metal with almost equal and sizable electron and hole pockets. In analogy with experimental evidence in LaBi, we thus predict that LuBi will also be a candidate for extremely large magneto-resistance (XMR), which should be of immense technological interest. Our calculations reveal that LaBi, despite being gapless in the bulk spectrum, displays the characteristic features of a topological semi-metal, resulting in gapless Dirac cones on the surface, whereas LuBi only shows avoided band inversion in the bulk and is thus a conventional compensated semi-metal with extremely large magneto-resistance.

Atomic Resolution Structure of the Oncolytic Parvovirus LuIII by Electron Microscopy and 3D Image Reconstruction

PubMed Central

Misseldine, Adam; Geilen, Lorena; Halder, Sujata; Smith, J. Kennon; Kurian, Justin; Chipman, Paul; Janssen, Mandy; Mckenna, Robert; Baker, Timothy S.; D’Abramo, Anthony; Cotmore, Susan; Tattersall, Peter; Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis

2017-01-01

LuIII, a protoparvovirus pathogenic to rodents, replicates in human mitotic cells, making it applicable for use to kill cancer cells. This virus group includes H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) and minute virus of mice (MVM). However, LuIII displays enhanced oncolysis compared to H-1PV and MVM, a phenotype mapped to the major capsid viral protein 2 (VP2). This suggests that within LuIII VP2 are determinants for improved tumor lysis. To investigate this, the structure of the LuIII virus-like-particle was determined using single particle cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to 3.17 Å resolution, and compared to the H-1PV and MVM structures. The LuIII VP2 structure, ordered from residue 37 to 587 (C-terminal), had the conserved VP topology and capsid morphology previously reported for other protoparvoviruses. This includes a core β-barrel and α-helix A, a depression at the icosahedral 2-fold and surrounding the 5-fold axes, and a single protrusion at the 3-fold axes. Comparative analysis identified surface loop differences among LuIII, H-1PV, and MVM at or close to the capsid 2- and 5-fold symmetry axes, and the shoulder of the 3-fold protrusions. The 2-fold differences cluster near the previously identified MVM sialic acid receptor binding pocket, and revealed potential determinants of protoparvovirus tumor tropism. PMID:29084163

Comparative efficacy of 177Lu and 90Y for Anti-CD20 Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy in Murine Lymphoma Xenograft Models

DOE PAGES

Frost, Sofia H. L.; Frayo, Shani L.; Miller, Brian W.; ...

2015-03-18

Purpose Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) is a multi-step method of selectively delivering high doses of radiotherapy to tumor cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding tissues. Yttrium-90 ( 90Y) and lutetium-177 ( 177Lu) are two of the most promising beta-particle emitting radionuclides used for radioimmunotherapy, which despite having similar chemistries differ distinctly in terms of radiophysical features. These differences may have important consequences for the absorbed dose to tumors and normal organs. Whereas 90Y has been successfully applied in a number of preclinical and clinical radioimmunotherapy settings, there have been few published pretargeting studies with 177Lu. We therefore compared the therapeutic potentialmore » of targeting either 90Y or 177Lu to human B-cell lymphoma xenografts in mice. Methods Parallel experiments evaluating the biodistribution, imaging, dosimetry, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity were performed in female athymic nude mice bearing either Ramos (Burkitt lymphoma) or Granta (mantle cell lymphoma) xenografts, utilizing an anti-CD20 antibodystreptavidin conjugate (1F5-SA) and an 90Y- or 177Lu-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-biotin second step reagent. Results The two radionuclides displayed comparable biodistributions in tumors and normal organs; however, the absorbed radiation dose delivered to tumor was more than twice as high for 90Y (1.3 Gy/MBq) as for 177Lu (0.6 Gy/MBq). More importantly, therapy with 90Y-DOTAbiotin was dramatically more effective than with 177Lu-DOTA-biotin, with 100% of Ramos xenograft-bearing mice cured with 37 MBq 90Y, whereas 0% were cured using identical amounts of 177Lu-DOTA-biotin. Similar results were observed in mice bearing Granta xenografts, with 80% of the mice cured with 90Y-PRIT and 0% cured with 177Lu-PRIT. Toxicities were comparable with both isotopes. Conclusion 90Y was therapeutically superior to 177Lu for streptavidin-biotin PRIT

Comparative efficacy of 177Lu and 90Y for Anti-CD20 Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy in Murine Lymphoma Xenograft Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frost, Sofia H. L.; Frayo, Shani L.; Miller, Brian W.

Purpose Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) is a multi-step method of selectively delivering high doses of radiotherapy to tumor cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding tissues. Yttrium-90 ( 90Y) and lutetium-177 ( 177Lu) are two of the most promising beta-particle emitting radionuclides used for radioimmunotherapy, which despite having similar chemistries differ distinctly in terms of radiophysical features. These differences may have important consequences for the absorbed dose to tumors and normal organs. Whereas 90Y has been successfully applied in a number of preclinical and clinical radioimmunotherapy settings, there have been few published pretargeting studies with 177Lu. We therefore compared the therapeutic potentialmore » of targeting either 90Y or 177Lu to human B-cell lymphoma xenografts in mice. Methods Parallel experiments evaluating the biodistribution, imaging, dosimetry, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity were performed in female athymic nude mice bearing either Ramos (Burkitt lymphoma) or Granta (mantle cell lymphoma) xenografts, utilizing an anti-CD20 antibodystreptavidin conjugate (1F5-SA) and an 90Y- or 177Lu-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-biotin second step reagent. Results The two radionuclides displayed comparable biodistributions in tumors and normal organs; however, the absorbed radiation dose delivered to tumor was more than twice as high for 90Y (1.3 Gy/MBq) as for 177Lu (0.6 Gy/MBq). More importantly, therapy with 90Y-DOTAbiotin was dramatically more effective than with 177Lu-DOTA-biotin, with 100% of Ramos xenograft-bearing mice cured with 37 MBq 90Y, whereas 0% were cured using identical amounts of 177Lu-DOTA-biotin. Similar results were observed in mice bearing Granta xenografts, with 80% of the mice cured with 90Y-PRIT and 0% cured with 177Lu-PRIT. Toxicities were comparable with both isotopes. Conclusion 90Y was therapeutically superior to 177Lu for streptavidin-biotin PRIT

The Dangers of ‘Warming and Replenishing’ (wenbu 溫補) during the Ming to Qing Epistemic Transition

PubMed Central

de Vries, Leslie

2016-01-01

Through a case study of Zhao Xianke’s 趙獻可 One Principle through Medicine (Yiguan 醫貫) (1617?) and Xu Dachun’s 徐大椿 (1693–1771) denouncements of this text, my article zooms in on divergent discourses on the safety and efficacy of medicinal substances and compounds in late imperial China. Although Xu Dachun’s fierce attacks on the popular ‘warming and replenishing’ (wenbu 溫補) therapies can be situated in an epistemic shift from the cosmology of ‘Song learning’ (songxue 宋學) towards the philology of ‘Han learning’ (hanxue 漢學) and ‘evidential research’ (kaozheng 考證), I argue that more complex issues were at stake as well. Changed political, social, ethical, and economic realities shaped new and multifaceted perceptions of the nature of medicine, the medical profession, and the usage of medicinals in the aftermath of the Ming to Qing transition. PMID:27818620

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd evolution in lunar mare basalts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Unruh, D.M.; Stille, P.; Patchett, P.J.

1984-02-15

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare basalts combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare basalts were derived by small (< or =10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and Hf-enriched. Calculated source compositions range fromm lherzolite to olivine websterite. Nonmodal melting of small amounts of ilmenite (< or =3%) in the sources seems to be required by the Lu/Hf data. A comparison of the Hf and Nd isotopic characteristics between the mare basalts and terrestrial oceanic basalts revealsmore » that the epsilonHf/epsilonNd ratios of low-Ti mare basalts are much higher than in terrestrial oceanic basalts. The results are qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that terrestrial basalt sources are partial melt residues whereas mare basalt sources are cumulates. Alternatively, the results may imply that the terrestrial mantle has evolved in two (or more) stages of evolution, and that the net effect was depletion of the mantle during the first approx.1-3 b.y. followed by enrichment during the last 1-2 b.y.; or simply that there is a difference in Lu-Hf crystal-liquid partitioning (relative to Sm-Nd) between the lunar and terrestrial mantles.« less

Competing exchanges and spin-phonon coupling in Eu(1-x)R(x)MnO3 (R=Y, Lu).

PubMed

Mota, D A; Barcelay, Y Romaguera; Tavares, P B; Chaves, M R; Almeida, A; Oliveira, J; Ferreira, W S; Moreira, J Agostinho

2013-06-12

This work is focused on the phase diagrams and physical properties of Y-doped and Lu-doped EuMnO3. The differences in the corresponding phase boundaries in the (x,T) phase diagram could be overcome by considering a scaling of the Y(3+) and Lu(3+) concentrations to the tolerance factor. This outcome evidences that the tolerance factor is in fact a more reliable representative of the lattice deformation induced by doping. The normalization of the phase boundaries using the tolerance factor corroborates previous theoretical outcomes regarding the key role of competitive FM and AFM exchanges in determining the phase diagrams of manganite perovskites. However, significant differences in the nature and number of phases at low temperatures and concentrations could not be explained by just considering the normalization to the tolerance factor. The vertical phase boundary observed just for Lu-doped EuMnO3, close to 10% Lu, is understood by considering a low temperature Peierls-type spin-phonon coupling, which stabilizes the AFM-4 phase in Lu-doped EuMnO3.

Region-wide glacier mass budgets and area changes for the Central Tien Shan between ~ 1975 and 1999 using Hexagon KH-9 imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pieczonka, Tino; Bolch, Tobias

2015-05-01

The meltwater released by the glaciers in the Central Tien Shan feeds in particular the Tarim River which is the main artery for the oases at the northern margin of the Taklamakan desert. The correct assessment of the contribution of the glaciers' meltwater to the total runoff is hampered by the lack of long-term measurements of glacier mass budgets. Digital terrain models (DTMs) for the different regions in the Central Tien Shan were generated based on ~ 1975 KH-9 Hexagon imagery and compared to the SRTM3 DTM acquired in February 2000. Moreover, glacier area changes for the period ~ 1975-2008 have been measured by means of multi-temporal optical satellite imagery. The geodetic mass budget estimates for a glacierized area of 5000 km2 revealed increasing mass loss east to west and from the inner to the outer ranges. Highest mass loss accompanied by the most pronounced glacier retreat was found for the Ak-Shirak massif with a region-wide mass balance of - 0.51 ± 0.36 m w.e. a- 1 and a rate of area change of - 0.27 ± 0.15% a- 1, whilst moderate mass loss was observed for the Inylchek (0.20 ± 0.44 m w.e. a- 1) and Tomur area (0.33 ± 0.30 m w.e. a- 1) despite partly debris cover. These latter regions also revealed the lowest glacier shrinkage within the entire Central Tien Shan. The total glacier mass loss of 0.35 ± 0.34 m w.e. a- 1 is, however, within the global average whilst the glacier area shrinkage is comparatively low. On average, the investigated glacierized area of ~ 6600 km2 shrank by 0.11 ± 0.15% a- 1 only. We could also identify several surge-type glaciers. The results are consistent with in-situ mass balance measurements for Karabatkak Glacier and previously published results of the Ak-Shirak range proving the suitability of declassified imagery for glacier change investigations. The contribution to the runoff of Aksu River, the largest tributary of the Tarim River, due to glacier imbalance has been determined at ~ 20% for the 1975-2000 period.

Reconciliation of the excess 176Hf conundrum in meteorites: Recent disturbances of the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bast, Rebecca; Scherer, Erik E.; Sprung, Peter; Mezger, Klaus; Fischer-Gödde, Mario; Taetz, Stephan; Böhnke, Mischa; Schmid-Beurmann, Hinrich; Münker, Carsten; Kleine, Thorsten; Srinivasan, Gopalan

2017-09-01

The long-lived 176Lu-176Hf and 147Sm-143Nd radioisotope systems are commonly used chronometers, but when applied to meteorites, they can reveal disturbances. Specifically, Lu-Hf isochrons commonly yield dates up to ∼300 Myr older than the solar system and varying initial 176Hf/177Hf values. We investigated this problem by attempting to construct mineral and whole rock isochrons for eucrites and angrites. Meteorites from different parent bodies exhibit similar disturbance features suggesting that a common process is responsible. Minerals scatter away from isochron regressions for both meteorite classes, with low-Hf phases such as plagioclase and olivine typically being most displaced above (or left of) reference isochrons. Relatively Hf-rich pyroxene is less disturbed but still to the point of steepening Lu-Hf errorchrons. Using our Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data, we tested various Hf and Lu redistribution scenarios and found that decoupling of Lu/Hf from 176Hf/177Hf must postdate the accumulation of significant radiogenic 176Hf. Therefore early irradiation or diffusion cannot explain the excess 176Hf. Instead, disturbed meteorite isochrons are more likely caused by terrestrial weathering, contamination, or common laboratory procedures. The partial dissolution of phosphate minerals may predominantly remove rare earth elements including Lu, leaving relatively immobile and radiogenic Hf behind. Robust Lu-Hf (and improved Sm-Nd) meteorite geochronology will require the development of chemical or physical methods for removing unsupported radiogenic Hf and silicate-hosted terrestrial contaminants without disturbing parent-daughter ratios.

Reconstruction of glacial lake outburst floods in northern Tien Shan: Implications for hazard assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaginaev, V.; Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. A.; Erokhin, S.; Matov, E.; Petrakov, D.; Stoffel, M.

2016-09-01

Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and related debris flows are among the most significant natural threats in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and have even caused the loss of life and damage to infrastructure in its capital Bishkek. An improved understanding of the occurrence of this process is essential so as to be able to design reliable disaster risk reduction strategies, even more so in view of ongoing climate change and scenarios of future evolutions. Here, we apply a dendrogeomorphic approach to reconstruct past debris-flow activity on the Aksay cone (Ala-Archa valley, Kyrgyz range), where outbursting glacier lakes and intense rainfalls have triggered huge debris flows over the past decades. A total of 96 Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees growing on the cone and along the main channel have been selected based on the evidence of past debris-flow damage in their trunks; these trees were then sampled using increment borers. The dating of past events was based on the assessment of growth disturbances (GD) in the tree-ring records and included the detection of injuries, tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts, reaction wood, and abrupt growth changes. In total, 320 GD were identified in the tree-ring samples. In combination with aerial imagery and geomorphic recognition in the field, reactions in trees and their position on the cone have allowed reconstruction of the main spatial patterns of past events on the Aksay cone. Our findings suggest that at least 27 debris flows have occurred on the site between 1877 and 2015 and point to the occurrence of at least 17 events that were not documented prior to this study. We also observe high process activity during the 1950s and 1960s, with major events on the cone in 1950, 1966, and 1968, coinciding with phases of slight glacier advance. The spatial analyses of events also point to two different spatial patterns, suggesting that quite dissimilar magnitudes probably occurred during glacier lake outburst floods and

Magnetic ground state of the multiferroic hexagonal LuFe O3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suresh, Pittala; Vijaya Laxmi, K.; Bera, A. K.; Yusuf, S. M.; Chittari, Bheema Lingam; Jung, Jeil; Anil Kumar, P. S.

2018-05-01

The structural, electric, and magnetic properties of bulk hexagonal LuFe O3 are investigated. Single phase hexagonal LuFe O3 has been successfully stabilized in the bulk form without any doping by sol-gel method. The hexagonal crystal structure with P 63c m space group has been confirmed by x-ray-diffraction, neutron-diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy study at room temperature. Neutron diffraction confirms the hexagonal phase of LuFe O3 persists down to 6 K. Further, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy established the 3+ oxidation state of Fe ions. The temperature-dependent magnetic dc susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron-diffraction studies confirm an antiferromagnetic ordering below the Néel temperature (TN)˜130 K . Analysis of magnetic neutron-diffraction patterns reveals an in-plane (a b -plane) 120∘ antiferromagnetic structure, characterized by a propagation vector k =(0 0 0 ) with an ordered moment of 2.84 μB/F e3 + at 6 K. The 120∘ antifferomagnetic ordering is further confirmed by spin-orbit coupling density functional theory calculations. The on-site coulomb interaction (U ) and Hund's parameter (JH) on Fe atoms reproduced the neutron-diffraction Γ1 spin pattern among the Fe atoms. P -E loop measurements at room temperature confirm an intrinsic ferroelectricity of the sample with remnant polarization Pr˜0.18 μ C /c m2 . A clear anomaly in the dielectric data is observed at ˜TN revealing the presence of magnetoelectric coupling. A change in the lattice constants at TN has also been found, indicating the presence of a strong magnetoelastic coupling. Thus a coupling between lattice, electric, and magnetic degrees of freedom is established in bulk hexagonal LuFe O3 .

The organic materials in the Five Northern Provinces' Assembly Hall: disclosing the painting technique of the Qing dynasty painters in civil buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lluveras-Tenorio, A.; Bonaduce, I.; Sabatini, F.; Degano, I.; Blaensdorf, C.; Pouyet, E.; Cotte, M.; Ma, L.; Colombini, M. P.

2015-11-01

The beiwusheng huiguan (`Meeting hall of the Five Northern Dynasties') is a building complex from the Qing dynasty (1636-1912 ad) located in Wafangdian, near Ziyang, in the south of the Chinese Province of Shaanxi. Two of the preserved halls are richly decorated with wall paintings dated probably in 1848 ad and representing scenes of the `Romance of the Three Kingdoms' and Confucian moral tales. They are a rare example of well-preserved mural paintings of high artistic value inside civil buildings. The aims of this paper are the chemical characterization and localization of organic materials used as binders and colorants in the wall paintings. A multi-analytical approach, consisting in the combined use of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques (GC/MS and Py-GC/MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), was chosen for these purposes. Proteinaceous materials (animal glue and egg), saccharide material (fruit tree gum) and a siccative oil were identified in different paint layers supplying invaluable information about the painting technique used. Moreover, the analyses of organic dyes allowed identifying indigo and gallic acid in more than one sample adding fundamental information about Chinese artists' techniques in mural paintings, missing from the previous studies. To shed light on the gilding technique, the distribution of the painting materials was achieved by means of synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR micro-FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (SR micro-XRF). The results obtained from the multi-analytical approach enabled us to determine the organic materials both binders and organic colorants used by Chinese artisans, highlighting the high technical level achieved in nineteenth century. The binding media and the organic colorants identified, as well as their distribution, allowed the discussion on the painting technique used by the artists of the Qing dynasty giving information for the

Lu-Hf AND Sm-Nd EVOLUTION IN LUNAR MARE BASALTS.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Unruh, D.M.; Stille, P.; Patchett, P.J.; Tatsumoto, M.

1984-01-01

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare basalts combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare basalts were derived by small ( less than equivalent to 10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and hf-enriched. Calculated source compositions range from lherzolite to olivine websterite. Nonmodal melting of small amounts of ilmenite ( less than equivalent to 3%) in the sources seems to be required by the Lu/Hf data. A comparison of the Hf and Nd isotopic characteristics between the mare basalts and terrestrial oceanic basalts reveals that the epsilon Hf/ epsilon Nd ratios in low-Ti mare basalts are much higher than in terrestrial ocean basalts.

Association between Social Integration and Health among Internal Migrants in ZhongShan, China.

PubMed

Lin, Yanwei; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Wen; Shi, Jingrong; Han, Siqi; Song, Xiaolei; Xu, Yong; Ling, Li

2016-01-01

Internal migrants are the individuals who migrate between regions in one country. The number of internal migrants were estimated at 245 million in China in 2013. Results were inconsistent in the literature about the relationship between their health statuses and social integration. The main difference exists on how to measure the social integration and whether health statuses of internal migrants improve with years of residence. To complement the existing literature, this study measured social integration more comprehensively and estimated the internal migrants' health statuses with varying years of residence, and explored the associations between the migrants' social integration and health. We used the data from 2014 Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Health and Family Planning in ZhongShan, China. Health status was measured from four aspects: self-reported health, subjective well-being, perception of stress, mental health. We measured social integration through four dimensions: economy, social communication, acculturation, and self-identity. The analyses used multiple linear regressions to examine the associations between self-reported health, subjective well-being, and perception of stress, mental health and social integration. The analytical sample included 1,999 households of the internal migrants and 1,997 local registered households, who were permanent residents in ZhongShan. Among the internal migrants, Adults in the labor force, who were aged 25 to 44 years old, accounted for 91.2% of the internal migrant population, while 74.6% of the registered population were in that age group. Median residential time among migrants was 2.8 (1.3-6.2) years, and 20.2% of them were migrating in the same Guangdong province. Except for mental health, other health statuses among migrants had significant differences compared with local registered population, e.g. self-reported health was better, but subjective well-being was worse. However, these health

Association between Social Integration and Health among Internal Migrants in ZhongShan, China

PubMed Central

Lin, Yanwei; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Wen; Shi, Jingrong; Han, Siqi; Song, Xiaolei; Xu, Yong; Ling, Li

2016-01-01

Internal migrants are the individuals who migrate between regions in one country. The number of internal migrants were estimated at 245 million in China in 2013. Results were inconsistent in the literature about the relationship between their health statuses and social integration. The main difference exists on how to measure the social integration and whether health statuses of internal migrants improve with years of residence. To complement the existing literature, this study measured social integration more comprehensively and estimated the internal migrants’ health statuses with varying years of residence, and explored the associations between the migrants’ social integration and health. We used the data from 2014 Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Health and Family Planning in ZhongShan, China. Health status was measured from four aspects: self-reported health, subjective well-being, perception of stress, mental health. We measured social integration through four dimensions: economy, social communication, acculturation, and self-identity. The analyses used multiple linear regressions to examine the associations between self-reported health, subjective well-being, and perception of stress, mental health and social integration. The analytical sample included 1,999 households of the internal migrants and 1,997 local registered households, who were permanent residents in ZhongShan. Among the internal migrants, Adults in the labor force, who were aged 25 to 44 years old, accounted for 91.2% of the internal migrant population, while 74.6% of the registered population were in that age group. Median residential time among migrants was 2.8 (1.3–6.2) years, and 20.2% of them were migrating in the same Guangdong province. Except for mental health, other health statuses among migrants had significant differences compared with local registered population, e.g. self-reported health was better, but subjective well-being was worse. However, these health

Structure and luminescence properties of Tb3+-doped Lu3Al5O12 films prepared by Pechini sol-gel method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jian; Shen, Siqing; Xie, Jianjun; Shi, Ying; Ai, Fei

2011-02-01

Tb3+-doped Lu3Al5O12(hereinafter referred to as LuAG:Tb) films were successfully prepared by Pechini sol-gel process and spin-coating technique on carefully cleaned (111) silicon wafer. The microstructure and optical properties of the LuAG:Tb films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy(AFM), as well as photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The XRD results showed that the precursor films started to crystallize at about 900°C. All as-calcined LuAG:Tb films showed the Tb3+ characteristic emission bands.

Structure and luminescence properties of Tb3+-doped Lu3Al5O12 films prepared by Pechini sol-gel method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jian; Shen, Siqing; Xie, Jianjun; Shi, Ying; Ai, Fei

2010-10-01

Tb3+-doped Lu3Al5O12(hereinafter referred to as LuAG:Tb) films were successfully prepared by Pechini sol-gel process and spin-coating technique on carefully cleaned (111) silicon wafer. The microstructure and optical properties of the LuAG:Tb films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy(AFM), as well as photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The XRD results showed that the precursor films started to crystallize at about 900°C. All as-calcined LuAG:Tb films showed the Tb3+ characteristic emission bands.

[The modern TCM education of Tianjin].

PubMed

Xie, J

2016-11-28

School education had gradually become the mainstream of medical education at the turn of the Qing Dynasty and Republican period. In Tianjin, there were western medical education, including the Peiyang Medical College, Army Medical College, and Lu's Medical School, whereas, there was no traditional medical school at all. To check this defect, two private TCM medical schools, the Learning School of TCM, and the Tianjin TCM Institution were set up by Chen Zedong and Gu Jinren respectively through persistent endeavor. Meanwhile, correspondence school of TCM were established by Zhang Xichun, Wei Jiaqian, and Ma Leshan. Though more TCM schools were planned, including Tianjin Private School of TCM by Lu Zongren and Qian Boquan, North China Professional TCM School by Zhang Yinqi and other colleagues, TCM Professional School by Zhang Dianju and the Tianjin Private Acu-Moxibustion School by Zhang Lihui, etc. All these did make their contributions to the training of TCM talents in modern times.

Episodic Aggradation and Asynchronous Incision of River Terraces in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgette, R. J.; Weldon, R. J.; Abdkrakhmatov, K. Y.; Ormukov, C.

2006-12-01

Sequences of terraces and alluvial fans with characteristic geomorphic expression lie above or at the mouth of rivers in all of the major basins in the Tien Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan. The similarity of terraces and fans in different drainage basins, despite being bounded by faults of varying activity and style, has been used to argue for synchronous regional climatic variations controlling the timing of aggradation and incision. Our emerging set of radiocarbon dates (currently 24) from terrace deposits and overlying sediments suggest that despite the general regional synchroneity of a late Pleistocene terrace-forming event, deep incision below broad aggradational surfaces may be locally controlled and occurred over time spans up to 30 k.y. The most prominent intra-canyon terrace is known as QIII(2) in the characteristic sequence of Tien Shan terraces. QIII(2) is a fill terrace everywhere except for the hanging walls of the most active thrust faults in the Tien Shan, where it has a strath terrace morphology. In many places the base of the QIII(2) fill is not visible even at the level of the modern river. Five dates in the fill from the Ak-Terek and Tong Rivers in the Issyk-Kul basin and Kajerty River in the Naryn basin are all >40 Ka, and may be beyond the limit of radiocarbon. The Issyk-Kul basin is occupied by a large lake, which provides additional dating possibilities, while potentially complicating the geomorphic system. In Issyk-Kul dates from sediment overlying the QIII(2) gravel in thick colluvial wedges far from the edge of the riser to lower terraces along the Ak-Terek and Tamga rivers show that at least the highest level of the fill was abandoned by 33-30 Ka. However, the downstream reaches of Issyk- Kul rivers' QIII(2) surfaces clearly remained active through a high stand of the lake that persisted from 38 to 20 Ka. Remnants of terraces with steeper gradients that merge upstream with surfaces inset only a few m into the main QIII(2) post-date the high

Ultra-fast LuI{sub 3}:Ce scintillators for hard x-ray imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marton, Zsolt, E-mail: zmarton@rmdinc.com; Miller, Stuart R.; Ovechkina, Elena

We have developed ultra-fast cerium-coped lutetium-iodide (LuI{sub 3}:Ce) films thermally evaporated as polycrystalline, structured scintillator using hot wall epitaxy (HWE) method. The films have shown a 13 ns decay compared to the 28 ns reported for crystals. The fast speed coupled with its high density (∼5.6 g/cm{sup 3}), high effective atomic number (59.7), and the fact that it can be vapor deposited in a columnar form makes LuI{sub 3}:Ce an attractive candidate for high frame rate, high-resolution, hard X-ray imaging. In crystal form, LuI{sub 3}:Ce has demonstrated bright (>100,000 photons/MeV) green (540 nm) emission, which is well matched to commercialmore » CCD/CMOS sensors and is critical for maintaining high signal to noise ratio in light starved applications. Here, we report on the scintillation properties of films and those for corresponding crystalline material. The vapor grown films were integrated into a high-speed CMOS imager to demonstrate high-speed radiography capability. The films were also tested at Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory beamline 1-ID under hard X-ray irradiation. The data show a factor of four higher efficiency than the reference LuAG:Ce scintillators, high image quality, and linearity of scintillation response over a wide energy range. The films were employed to perform hard X-ray microtomography, the results of which will also be discussed.« less

MS Malenchenko and MS Lu conduct electrical work in Zvezda during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

S106-E-5202 (13 September 2000) --- Cosmonaut Yuri I. Malenchenko, mission specialist representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, teams up with astronaut Edward T. Lu for some electrical work aboard the Zvezda service module on the International Space Station (ISS). Electrical work was the hallmark of the day as four of the mission specialists aboard ISS (temporarily docked with the Space Shuttle Atlantis) replaced batteries inside the Zarya and Zvezda modules while supply transfer continued around them. Astronaut Edward T. Lu, is out of frame at right.

Isomeric ratio measurements for the radiative neutron capture 176Lu(n,γ) at DANCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denis-Petit, D.; Roig, O.; Méot, V.; Morillon, B.; Romain, P.; Jandel, M.; Kawano, T.; Vieira, D. J.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A. J.; Haight, R. C.; Keksis, A. L.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.

2017-09-01

The isomeric ratios for the neutron capture reaction 176Lu(n,γ) to the Jπ = 5/2-, 761.7 keV, T1/2 = 32.8 ns and the Jπ = 15/2+, 1356.9 keV, T1/2 = 11.1 ns levels of 177Lu, have been measured for the first time with the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. These measured isomeric ratios are compared with TALYS calculations.

177Lu-3BP-227 for Neurotensin Receptor 1-Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: First Clinical Results.

PubMed

Baum, Richard P; Singh, Aviral; Schuchardt, Christiane; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Klette, Ingo; Wiessalla, Stefan; Osterkamp, Frank; Reineke, Ulrich; Smerling, Christiane

2018-05-01

Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is overexpressed in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which is still one of the deadliest cancers, with a very poor prognosis. Eligible patients were offered salvage radiopharmaceutical therapy with the novel NTR1 antagonist 177 Lu-3BP-227. Methods: Six patients with confirmed ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had exhausted all other treatment options received 177 Lu-3BP-227 for evaluation of NTR1 expression in vivo. Three patients received treatment activities of 5.1-7.5 GBq. Results: Administration of 177 Lu-3BP-227 was well tolerated by all patients. The kidneys were identified as the dose-limiting organ. The most severe adverse event was reversible grade 2 anemia. One patient achieved a partial response and experienced significant improvement of symptoms and quality of life. This patient survived 13 mo from diagnosis and 11 mo from the start of 177 Lu-3BP-227 therapy. Conclusion: This initial report provides clinical evidence of the feasibility of treatment of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma using 177 Lu-3BP-227. © 2018 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Sub-10 nm lanthanide doped BaLuF{sub 5} nanocrystals: Shape controllable synthesis, tunable multicolor emission and enhanced near-infrared upconversion luminescence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rao, Ling; Lu, Wei; Wang, Haibo

2015-04-15

Highlights: • Sub-10 nm cubic phase BaLuF{sub 5} nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time. • Tunable multicolor from yellow to yellow-green was achieved by controlling Gd{sup 3+} content in BaLuF{sub 5}:Yb/Er system. • Intense near-infrared upconversion luminescence in BaLuF{sub 5}:Gd/Yb/Tm nanocrystal. • The enhancement near-infrared luminescence can be realized by adjusting the content of Gd{sup 3+} in BaLuF{sub 5}:Gd/Yb/Tm system. - Abstract: In this study, sub-10 nm BaLuF{sub 5} nanocrystals with cubic phase structure were synthesized by a solvothermal method using oleic acid as the stabilizing agent. The as-prepared BaLuF{sub 5} nanocrystals were characterized bymore » transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and analyzed by the upconversion (UC) spectra. The TEM results reveal that these samples present high uniformity. Compared with Gd-free samples, the size of BaLuF{sub 5}:Yb/Er doped with 10% Gd{sup 3+} decreased to 5.6 nm. In addition, BaLuF{sub 5}:Yb/Tm/Gd upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) presented efficient near-infrared (NIR)-NIR UC luminescence. Therefore, it is expected that these ultra-small BaLuF{sub 5} nanocrystals with well-controlled shape, size, and UC emission have potential applications in biomedical imaging fields.« less

Structural, microstructural and vibrational analyses of the monoclinic tungstate BiLuWO{sub 6}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ait Ahsaine, H.; Taoufyq, A.; Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence, IM2NP, UMR CNRS 7334, Université de Toulon, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex

2014-10-15

The bismuth lutetium tungstate phase BiLuWO{sub 6} has been prepared using a solid state route with stoichiometric mixtures of oxide precursors. The obtained polycrystalline phase has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. In the first step, the crystal structure has been refined using Rietveld method: the crystal cell was resolved using monoclinic system (parameters a, b, c, β) with space group A2/m. SEM images showed the presence of large crystallites with a constant local nominal composition (BiLuW). TEM analyses showed that the actual local structure could be better representedmore » by a superlattice (a, 2b, c, β) associated with space groups P2 or P2/m. The Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of vibrational bands similar to those observed in the compounds BiREWO{sub 6} with RE=Y, Gd, Nd. However, these vibrational bands were characterized by large full width at half maximum, probably resulting from the long range Bi/Lu disorder and local WO{sub 6} octahedron distortions in the structure. - Graphical abstract: The average structure of BiLuWO{sub 6} determined from X-ray diffraction data can be represented by A2/m space group. Experimental Electron Diffraction patterns along the [0vw] zone axes of the monoclinic structure and associated simulated patterns show the existence of a monoclinic superstructure with space group P2 or P2/m. - Highlights: • A new monoclinic BiLuWO{sub 6} phase has been elaborated from solid-state reaction. • The space group of the monoclinic disordered average structure should be A2/m. • Transmission electron microscopy leads to a superlattice with P2/m space group. • Raman spectroscopy suggests existence of local disorder.« less

High spin states in 162Lu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, S. L.; Pancholi, S. C.; Juneja, P.; Mehta, D.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhowmik, R. K.; Muralithar, S.; Rodrigues, G.; Singh, R. P.

1997-09-01

An experimental investigation of the odd-odd 162Lu nucleus, following the 148Sm(19F,5n) reaction at beam energy Elab=112 MeV, has been performed through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. It revealed three signature-split bands. The yrast band based on πh11/2⊗νi13/2 configuration exhibits anomalous signature splitting (the unfavored signature Routhian lying lower than the favored one) whose magnitude Δe'~25 keV, is considerably reduced in contrast to sizable normal signature splitting Δe'~125 and 60 keV observed in the yrast πh11/2 bands of the neighboring odd-A 161,163Lu nuclei, respectively. The signature inversion in this band occurs at spin ~20ħ (frequency=0.37 MeV). The second signature-split band, observed above the band crossing associated with the alignment of a pair of i13/2 quasineutrons, is a band based on the four-quasiparticle [πh11/2[523]7/2-⊗νh9/2[521]3/2-⊗(νi13/2)2], i.e., EABAp(Bp), configuration. The third signature-split band is also likely to be a four-quasiparticle band with configuration similar to the second band but involving F quasineutron, i.e., FABAp(Bp). The experimental results are discussed in comparison with the existing data in the neighboring nuclei and in the framework of the cranking shell model.

Lu plays music with a keyboard in the Destiny module

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-26

ISS007-E-18033 (26 October 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, plays a musical keyboard during off-shift time in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of LaxLu1-xAs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahimi, S.; Krivoy, E. M.; Lee, J.; Michael, M. E.; Bank, S. R.; Akinwande, D.

2013-08-01

We investigate the temperature-dependent resistivity of single-crystalline films of LaxLu1-xAs over the 5-300 K range. The resistivity was separated into lattice, carrier and impurity scattering regions. The effect of impurity scattering is significant below 20 K, while carrier scattering dominates at 20-80 K and lattice scattering dominates above 80 K. All scattering regions show strong dependence on the La content of the films. While the resistivity of 600 nm LuAs films agree well with the reported bulk resistivity values, 3 nm films possessed significantly higher resistivity, suggesting that interfacial roughness significantly impacts the scattering of carriers at the nanoscale limit.

Bright Lu2O3:Eu thin-film scintillators for high-resolution radioluminescence microscopy

PubMed Central

Sengupta, Debanti; Miller, Stuart; Marton, Zsolt; Chin, Frederick; Nagarkar, Vivek

2015-01-01

We investigate the performance of a new thin-film Lu2O3:Eu scintillator for single-cell radionuclide imaging. Imaging the metabolic properties of heterogeneous cell populations in real time is an important challenge with clinical implications. We have developed an innovative technique called radioluminescence microscopy, to quantitatively and sensitively measure radionuclide uptake in single cells. The most important component of this technique is the scintillator, which converts the energy released during radioactive decay into luminescent signals. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of the imaging system depend critically on the characteristics of the scintillator, i.e. the material used and its geometrical configuration. Scintillators fabricated using conventional methods are relatively thick, and therefore do not provide optimal spatial resolution. We compare a thin-film Lu2O3:Eu scintillator to a conventional 500 μm thick CdWO4 scintillator for radioluminescence imaging. Despite its thinness, the unique scintillation properties of the Lu2O3:Eu scintillator allow us to capture single positron decays with over fourfold higher sensitivity, a significant achievement. The thin-film Lu2O3:Eu scintillators also yield radioluminescence images where individual cells appear smaller and better resolved on average than with the CdWO4 scintillators. Coupled with the thin-film scintillator technology, radioluminescence microscopy can yield valuable and clinically relevant data on the metabolism of single cells. PMID:26183115

Controlled processing of (Gd,Ln)2O3:Eu (Ln = Y, Lu) red phosphor particles and compositional effects on photoluminescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Bin; Li, Ji-Guang; Sakka, Yoshio

2013-12-01

Synthesis of (Gd0.95-xLnxEu0.05)2O3 (Ln = Y and Lu, x = 0-0.95) powders via ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) precipitation has been systematically studied. The best synthesis parameters are found to be an AHC/total cation molar ratio of 4.5 and an ageing time of 3 h. The effects of Y3+ and Lu3+ substitution for Gd3+, on the nucleation kinetics of the precursors and structural features and optical properties of the oxides, have been investigated. The results show that (i) different nucleation kinetics exist in the Gd-Y-Eu and Gd-Lu-Eu ternary systems, which lead to various morphologies and particle sizes of the precipitated precursors. The (Gd,Y)2O3:Eu precursors display spherical particle morphologies and the particle sizes increase along with more Y3+ addition. The (Gd,Lu)2O3:Eu precursors, on the other hand, are hollow spheres and the particle sizes increase with increasing Lu3+ incorporation, (ii) the resultant oxide powders are ultrafine, narrow in size distribution, well dispersed and rounded in particle shape, (iii) lattice parameters of the two kinds of oxide solid solutions linearly decrease at a higher Y3+ or Lu3+ content. Their theoretical densities linearly decrease with increasing Y3+ incorporation, but increase along with more Lu3+ addition and (iv) the two kinds of phosphors exhibit typical red emissions at ˜613 nm and their charge-transfer bands blue shift at a higher Y3+ or Lu3+ content. Photoluminescence/photoluminescence excitation intensities and external quantum efficiency are found to decrease with increasing value of x, and the fluorescence lifetime mainly depends on the specific surface areas of the powders.

Therapeutic response and side effects of repeated radioligand therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-DKFZ-617 of castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer

PubMed Central

Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Eppard, Elisabeth; Kürpig, Stefan; Fimmers, Rolf; Yordanova, Anna; Schlenkhoff, Carl Diedrich; Gärtner, Florian; Rogenhofer, Sebastian; Essler, Markus

2016-01-01

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed on prostate epithelial cells and strongly up-regulated in prostate cancer (PC), making it an optimal target for the treatment of metastasized PC. Radioligand therapy (RLT) with 177Lu-PSMA-DKFZ-617 (Lu-PSMA) is a targeted therapy for metastatic PC. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the side effects and the response rate of 24 hormone and/or chemorefractory PC patients with a mean age of 75.2 years (range: 64–82) with distant metastases and progressive disease according to the PSA level, who were treated with Lu-PSMA. Median PSA was 522 ng/ml (range: 17–2360). Forty-six cycles of Lu-PSMA were performed. Of the 24 patients, 22 received two cycles. Eight weeks after the first cycle of Lu-PSMA therapy 79.1% experienced a decline in PSA level. Eight weeks after the second cycle of Lu-PSMA therapy 68.2% experienced a decline in PSA relative to the baseline value. Apart from two cases of grade 3 anemia, there was no relevant hemato- or nephrotoxicity (grade 3 or 4). These results confirmed that Lu-PSMA is a safe treatment option for metastatic PC patients and has a low toxicity profile. A positive response to therapy in terms of decline in PSA occurs in about 70% of patients. PMID:26871285

ID ICPMS Lu-Hf Geochronology of Apatite from Iron-Oxide Apatite (IOA) Deposits, Northern Chilean Iron Belt.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, C.; Vervoort, J. D.; Barra, F.; Palma, G.

2017-12-01

Determining the age of mineralization of ore deposits is important for understanding the mechanisms and timing of ore formation. In many cases, however, conventional dateable mineral phases (e.g., zircon, monazite) are lacking in the ore mineral assemblages. For example, Iron Oxide Apatite (IOA) and Iron Oxide Gold Copper Gold (IOCG) deposits have the remaining fundamental question as to whether they have formed by hydrothermal or magmatic processes, or some combination of the two. In these deposits, the mineralization of iron oxide is often accompanied by the growth of apatites, which typically have REE concentrations of tens to several thousand ppm and which makes them potentially amenable to dating by the Lu-Hf isochron method. These apatites, however, also have very low concentrations of Hf, which makes determination of precise Hf isotope compositions challenging. In this study, we attempted to date these deposits using the apatite Lu-Hf isochron method, using procedures modified from that of Münker et al., 2001 and Barfod et al., 2003 and report the first Lu-Hf ages for apatites from Carmen, Fresia, and Mariela IOA deposits in northern Chilean Iron Belt. The concentration of Hf in analyzed apatite is 0.001 ppm. To ensure at least 0.5ng of Hf is collected for MS analysis, 0.5g apatite was dissolved for each sample. A single stage of Ln-spec resin chromatographic columns was used to separate Hf from REEs as multi stages of separation columns would decrease the Hf yield considerably. Using these procedures, we determined a Lu-Hf apatite age for the Carmen deposit of 130.0±1.7 Ma, which is in accordance with a previously published U-Pb apatite age of 131.0±1.0 Ma (Gelcich et al., 2005). The apatites from Fresia and Mariela yield Lu-Hf ages of 132.8±5.3 Ma and 117.3±0.4 Ma respectively. The lower points on the isochrons are either a low Lu/Hf phase (actinolite, magnetite) or bulk earth ratios. These are some of the first Lu-Hf ages of directly dating apatite

A crustal model of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan orogenic belt, China, derived from deep seismic refraction profiling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, Chun-Yong; Zeng, Rong-Sheng; Mooney, W.D.; Hacker, B.R.

2000-01-01

We present a new crustal cross section through the east-west trending ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) Dabie Shan orogenic belt, east central China, based on a 400-km-long seismic refraction profile. Data from our profile reveal that the cratonal blocks north and south of the orogen are composed of 35-km-thick crust consisting of three layers (upper, middle, and lower crust) with average seismic velocities of 6.0±0.2 km/s, 6.5±0.1 km/s, and 6.8±0.1 km/s. The crust reaches a maximum thickness of 41.5 km beneath the northern margin of the orogen, and thus the present-day root beneath the orogen is only 6.5 km thick. The upper mantle velocity is 8.0±0.1 km/s. Modeling of shear wave data indicate that Poisson's ratio increases from 0.24±0.02 in the upper crust to 0.27±0.03 in the lower crust. This result is consistent with a dominantly felsic upper crustal composition and a mafic lower crustal composition within the amphibolite or granulite metamorphic facies. Our seismic model indicates that eclogite, which is abundant in surface exposures within the orogen, is not a volumetrically significant component in the middle or lower crust. Much of the Triassic structure associated with the formation of the UHP rocks of the Dabie Shan has been obscured by post-Triassic igneous activity, extension and large-offset strike-slip faulting. Nevertheless, we can identify a high-velocity (6.3 km/s) zone in the upper (<5 km depth) crustal core of the orogen which we interpret as a zone of ultrahigh-pressure rocks, a north dipping suture, and an apparent Moho offset that marks a likely active strike-slip fault.

Scintillation properties of Tm-doped Lu 3Al 5O 12 single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiyama, Makoto; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Yanagida, Takayuki; Totsuka, Daisuke; Yokota, Yuui; Yoshikawa, Akira

2011-12-01

Using the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method, Tm-doped Lu 3Al 5O 12 (Tm:LuAG) single crystals were grown to examine their scintillation properties. In transmittance spectra, they exhibited about 80% transparency in the wavelengths longer than 320 nm and five absorption lines due to Tm 3+ 4f-4f transitions were observed. 241Am α-ray excited radioluminescence spectra were measured and intense 4f-4f emission peaks were observed with the host emission. When excited by 137Cs γ-Ray to obtain pulse height spectra, Tm 1% doped LuAG showed the highest light yield coupled with a photomultiplier (PMT) or a silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). The light yield was estimated to be 5800 and 7300 photons/MeV for PMT and Si-APD, respectively. Decay time profiles consist of two exponential components and the fast and slow components are considered to be attributed to the host and the combination of the host and Tm 3+ 4f-4f emission, respectively.

Structural, microstructural and vibrational analyses of the monoclinic tungstate BiLuWO6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ait Ahsaine, H.; Taoufyq, A.; Patout, L.; Ezahri, M.; Benlhachemi, A.; Bakiz, B.; Villain, S.; Guinneton, F.; Gavarri, J.-R.

2014-10-01

The bismuth lutetium tungstate phase BiLuWO6 has been prepared using a solid state route with stoichiometric mixtures of oxide precursors. The obtained polycrystalline phase has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. In the first step, the crystal structure has been refined using Rietveld method: the crystal cell was resolved using monoclinic system (parameters a, b, c, β) with space group A2/m. SEM images showed the presence of large crystallites with a constant local nominal composition (BiLuW). TEM analyses showed that the actual local structure could be better represented by a superlattice (a, 2b, c, β) associated with space groups P2 or P2/m. The Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of vibrational bands similar to those observed in the compounds BiREWO6 with RE=Y, Gd, Nd. However, these vibrational bands were characterized by large full width at half maximum, probably resulting from the long range Bi/Lu disorder and local WO6 octahedron distortions in the structure.

Lu and Duque in Destiny laboratory with musical keyboard

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-26

ISS007-E-18044 (26 October 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu (at musical keyboard), Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain share a light moment during off-shift time in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

Surprising luminescent properties of the polyphosphates Ln(PO3)3:Eu (Ln = Y, Gd, Lu).

PubMed

Höppe, Henning A; Kazmierczak, Karolina; Kacprzak, Sylwia; Schellenberg, Inga; Pöttgen, Rainer

2011-10-21

The optical emission properties of the lanthanoid catena-polyphosphates Ln(PO(3))(3) (Ln = Y, Gd, Lu) doped with europium were investigated. Incommensurately modulated β-Y(PO(3))(3):Eu (super space group Cc (0|0.364|0)0) and Gd(PO(3))(3):Eu (space group I2/a) show the usual emission characteristics of Eu(3+), while in Lu(PO(3))(3):Eu (space group Cc) the europium is unprecedentedly partially reduced to the divalent state, as proven by both a broad emission band at 406 nm excited at 279 nm and an EPR spectroscopic investigation. (151)Eu-Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that only a very small part of the europium is reduced in Lu(PO(3))(3):Eu. An explanation for this unusual behaviour is given. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011

High beam quality of a Q-switched 2-µm Tm,Ho:LuVO4 laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wei; Yang, Xining; Shen, Yingjie; Li, Linjun; Zhou, Long; Yang, Yuqiang; Bai, Yunfeng; Xie, Wenqiang; Ye, Guangchao; Yu, Xiaoyang

2018-05-01

A diode-end-pumped 2.05-µm Q-switched Tm,Ho:LuVO4 laser is reported in this paper. The cryogenic Tm3+ (5.0 at.%),Ho3+ (0.5 at.%):LuVO4 crystal was pumped by an 800-nm laser diode. At a pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz, the maximum average output power of 3.77 W was achieved at 77 K when an incident pump power of 14.7 W was used. The slope efficiency and optical-optical conversion efficiency were 28.3 and 25.6%, respectively. The maximum per pulse energy was 2.54 mJ for a pulse duration of 69.9 ns. The beam quality factor Mx 2 was approximately 1.17 and My 2 was approximately 1.01 for the Tm,Ho:LuVO4 laser.

[177Lu]-PSMA-617 radionuclide treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (LuPSMA trial): a single-centre, single-arm, phase 2 study.

PubMed

Hofman, Michael S; Violet, John; Hicks, Rodney J; Ferdinandus, Justin; Thang, Sue Ping; Akhurst, Tim; Iravani, Amir; Kong, Grace; Ravi Kumar, Aravind; Murphy, Declan G; Eu, Peter; Jackson, Price; Scalzo, Mark; Williams, Scott G; Sandhu, Shahneen

2018-06-01

Progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a highly lethal disorder and new effective therapeutic agents that improve patient outcomes are urgently needed. Lutetium-177 [ 177 Lu]-PSMA-617, a radiolabelled small molecule, binds with high affinity to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) enabling beta particle therapy targeted to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the safety, efficacy, and effect on quality of life of [ 177 Lu]-PSMA-617 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who progressed after standard treatments. In this single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial, we recruited men (aged 18 years and older) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and progressive disease after standard treatments, including taxane-based chemotherapy and second-generation anti-androgens, from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Patients underwent a screening PSMA and FDG-PET/CT to confirm high PSMA-expression. Eligible patients had progressive disease defined by imaging (according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours [RECIST] or bone scan) or new pain in an area of radiographically evident disease, and were required to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 2 or lower. Eligible patients received up to four cycles of intravenous [ 177 Lu]-PSMA-617, at six weekly intervals. The primary endpoint was PSA response according to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Working Group criteria defined as a greater than 50% PSA decline from baseline and toxicity according to CTCAE. Additional primary endpoints were imaging responses (as measured by bone scan, CT, PSMA, and FDG PET/CT) and quality of life (assessed with the EORTC-Q30 and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form questionnaires), all measured up to 3 months post completion of treatment. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number

Origin of the colossal dielectric permittivity and magnetocapacitance in LuFe2O4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, P.; Yang, Z.; Zhu, W. G.; Huan, C. H. A.; Wang, L.

2011-04-01

We report the detailed study on the colossal dielectric constant and magnetocapacitance of LuFe2O4. The experimental results indicate that the large dielectric constant of LuFe2O4 is originated from two sources, (1) Maxwell Wagner-type contributions of depletion layers at grain boundaries and the interfaces between sample and contacts, (2) AC response of the constant phase element in the bulk. A detailed equivalent circuit analysis indicates that the conductivity variation can be responsible for the observed "magnetocapacitance."

The Work of Inscription: Antenatal Care, Birth Documents, and Shan Migrant Women in Chiang Mai.

PubMed

Seo, Bo Kyeong

2017-12-01

For transnational migrant populations, securing birth documents of newly born children has crucial importance in avoiding statelessness for new generations. Drawing on discussions of sovereignty and political subjectivization, I ask how the fact of birth is constituted in the context of transnational migration. Based on ethnographic data collected from an antenatal clinic in Thailand, this article describes how Shan migrant women from Myanmar (also known as Burma) utilize reproductive health services as a way of assuring a safe birth while acquiring identification documents. Paying close attention to technologies of inscription adopted for maternal care and birth registration, I argue that enacting bureaucratic documents offers a chance for migrant women to bridge the interstice between human and citizen. Birth certificates for migrant children, while embodying legal ambiguity and uncertainty, epitomize non-citizen subjects' assertion of their political relationship with the state. © 2016 by the American Anthropological Association.

Oxygen miscibility gap and spin glass formation in the pyrochlore Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clark, L.; Ritter, C.; Harrison, A.

2013-07-15

Rare earth (R) molybdate pyrochlores, R{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7}, are of interest as frustrated magnets. Polycrystalline samples of Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7−x} prepared at 1600 °C display a coexistence of cubic pyrochlore phases. Rietveld fits to powder neutron diffraction data and chemical analyses show that the miscibility gap is between a stoichiometric x=0 and an oxygen-deficient x≈0.4 phase. Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7} behaves as a spin glass material, with a divergence of field cooled and zero field cooled DC magnetic susceptibilities at a spin freezing temperature T{sub f}=16 K, that varies with frequency in AC measurements following a Vogel–Fulcher law.more » Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 6.6} is more highly frustrated spin glass and has T{sub f}=20 K. - Graphical abstract: The cubic Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7−x} system exhibits a miscibility gap between coexisting pyrochlore phases at 1600 °C. Neutron powder diffraction refinement and chemical analysis shows that the gap separates stoichiometric x=0 and oxygen-deficient x≈0.4 phases. Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7−x} has a frustrated spin glass ground state that is sensitive to the oxygen content. - Highlights: • The cubic Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7−x} system has a miscibility gap between coexisting pyrochlore phases at 1600 °C. • Neutron powder diffraction shows that the gap separates x=0 and oxygen-deficient x≈0.4 phases. • Lu{sub 2}Mo{sub 2}O{sub 7−x} has a frustrated spin glass ground state that is sensitive to the oxygen content.« less

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, active reference study of Lu AA21004 in patients with major depressive disorder

PubMed Central

Alvarez, Enric; Perez, Victor; Dragheim, Marianne; Loft, Henrik; Artigas, Francesc

2012-01-01

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Lu AA21004 vs. placebo using venlafaxine XR as active reference in patients with DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder (MDD) were evaluated. Lu AA21004 is a novel antidepressant that is a 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist and inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter in recombinant cell lines. In this 6-wk, multi-site study, 429 patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to 5 or 10 mg Lu AA21004, placebo or 225 mg venlafaxine XR. All patients had a baseline Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ⩾30. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the MADRS total score adjusting for multiplicity using a hierarchical testing procedure starting with the highest dose vs. placebo. Lu AA21004 was statistically significantly superior to placebo (n=105) in mean change from baseline in MADRS total score at week 6 (p<0.0001, last observation carried forward), with a mean treatment difference vs. placebo of 5.9 (5 mg, n=108), and 5.7 (10 mg, n=100) points. Venlafaxine XR (n=112) was also significantly superior to placebo at week 6 (p<0.0001). In total, 30 patients withdrew due to adverse events (AEs) – placebo: four (4%); 5 mg Lu AA21004: three (3%); 10 mg Lu AA21004: seven (7%); and venlafaxine: 16 (14%). The most common AEs were nausea, headache, hyperhidrosis, and dry mouth. No clinically relevant changes over time were seen in the clinical laboratory results, vital signs, weight, or ECG parameters. In this study, treatment with 5 mg and 10 mg Lu AA21004 for 6 wk was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with MDD. PMID:21767441

Charge ordering, ferroelectric, and magnetic domains in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} observed by scanning probe microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, I. K.; Jeong, Y. H., E-mail: yhj@postech.ac.kr; Kim, Jeehoon

2015-04-13

LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is a multiferroic system which exhibits charge order, ferroelectricity, and ferrimagnetism simultaneously below ∼230 K. The ferroelectric/charge order domains of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} are imaged with both piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), while the magnetic domains are characterized by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Comparison of PFM and EFM results suggests that the proposed ferroelectricity in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is not of usual displacive type but of electronic origin. Simultaneous characterization of ferroelectric/charge order and magnetic domains by EFM and MFM, respectively, on the same surface of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} reveals that both domains havemore » irregular patterns of similar shape, but the length scales are quite different. The domain size is approximately 100 nm for the ferroelectric domains, while the magnetic domain size is much larger and gets as large as 1 μm. We also demonstrate that the origin of the formation of irregular domains in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is not extrinsic but intrinsic.« less

In Vitro comparison of 213Bi- and 177Lu-radiation for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

PubMed

Chan, Ho Sze; de Blois, Erik; Morgenstern, Alfred; Bruchertseifer, Frank; de Jong, Marion; Breeman, Wouter; Konijnenberg, Mark

2017-01-01

Absorbed doses for α-emitters are different from those for β-emitters, as the high linear energy transfer (LET) nature of α-particles results in a very dense energy deposition over a relatively short path length near the point of emission. This highly localized and therefore high energy deposition can lead to enhanced cell-killing effects at absorbed doses that are non-lethal in low-LET type of exposure. Affinities of DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE), 115In-DOTATATE, 175Lu-DOTATATE and 209Bi-DOTATATE were determined in the K562-SST2 cell line. Two other cell lines were used for radiation response assessment; BON and CA20948, with a low and high expression of somatostatin receptors, respectively. Cellular uptake kinetics of 111In-DOTATATE were determined in CA20948 cells. CA20948 and BON were irradiated with 137Cs, 177Lu-DTPA, 177Lu-DOTATATE, 213Bi-DTPA and 213Bi-DOTATATE. Absorbed doses were calculated using the MIRDcell dosimetry method for the specific binding and a Monte Carlo model of a cylindrical 6-well plate geometry for the exposure by the radioactive incubation medium. Absorbed doses were compared to conventional irradiation of cells with 137Cs and the relative biological effect (RBE) at 10% survival was calculated. IC50 of (labelled) DOTATATE was in the nM range. Absorbed doses up to 7 Gy were obtained by 5.2 MBq 213Bi-DOTATATE, in majority the dose was caused by α-particle radiation. Cellular internalization determined with 111In-DOTATATE showed a linear relation with incubation time. Cell survival after exposure of 213Bi-DTPA and 213Bi-DOTATATE to BON or CA20948 cells showed a linear-exponential relation with the absorbed dose, confirming the high LET character of 213Bi. The survival of CA20948 after exposure to 177Lu-DOTATATE and the reference 137Cs irradiation showed the typical curvature of the linear-quadratic model. 10% Cell survival of CA20948 was reached at 3 Gy with 213Bi-DOTATATE, a factor 6 lower than the 18 Gy found for 177Lu

In Vitro comparison of 213Bi- and 177Lu-radiation for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

PubMed Central

de Blois, Erik; Morgenstern, Alfred; Bruchertseifer, Frank; de Jong, Marion; Breeman, Wouter; Konijnenberg, Mark

2017-01-01

Background Absorbed doses for α-emitters are different from those for β-emitters, as the high linear energy transfer (LET) nature of α-particles results in a very dense energy deposition over a relatively short path length near the point of emission. This highly localized and therefore high energy deposition can lead to enhanced cell-killing effects at absorbed doses that are non-lethal in low-LET type of exposure. Affinities of DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE), 115In-DOTATATE, 175Lu-DOTATATE and 209Bi-DOTATATE were determined in the K562-SST2 cell line. Two other cell lines were used for radiation response assessment; BON and CA20948, with a low and high expression of somatostatin receptors, respectively. Cellular uptake kinetics of 111In-DOTATATE were determined in CA20948 cells. CA20948 and BON were irradiated with 137Cs, 177Lu-DTPA, 177Lu-DOTATATE, 213Bi-DTPA and 213Bi-DOTATATE. Absorbed doses were calculated using the MIRDcell dosimetry method for the specific binding and a Monte Carlo model of a cylindrical 6-well plate geometry for the exposure by the radioactive incubation medium. Absorbed doses were compared to conventional irradiation of cells with 137Cs and the relative biological effect (RBE) at 10% survival was calculated. Results IC50 of (labelled) DOTATATE was in the nM range. Absorbed doses up to 7 Gy were obtained by 5.2 MBq 213Bi-DOTATATE, in majority the dose was caused by α-particle radiation. Cellular internalization determined with 111In-DOTATATE showed a linear relation with incubation time. Cell survival after exposure of 213Bi-DTPA and 213Bi-DOTATATE to BON or CA20948 cells showed a linear-exponential relation with the absorbed dose, confirming the high LET character of 213Bi. The survival of CA20948 after exposure to 177Lu-DOTATATE and the reference 137Cs irradiation showed the typical curvature of the linear-quadratic model. 10% Cell survival of CA20948 was reached at 3 Gy with 213Bi-DOTATATE, a factor 6 lower than the 18 Gy

Jin Fu Kang Oral Liquid Inhibits Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Formation and Migration

PubMed Central

Wang, Dan; Tang, Jie

2016-01-01

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Jin Fu Kang (JFK), an oral liquid prescription of Chinese herbal drugs, has been clinically available for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lymphangiogenesis is a primary event in the process of cancer development and metastasis, and the formation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) play a key role in the lymphangiogenesis. To assess the activity of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and the coeffect of SDF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) on the formation and migration of LECs and clarify the inhibitory effects of JFK on the LECs, the LECs were differentiated from CD34+/VEGFR-3+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and JFK-containing serums were prepared from rats. SDF-1 and VEGF-C both induced the differentiation of CD34+/VEGFR-3+ EPCs towards LECs and enhanced the LECs migration. Couse of SDF-1 and VEGF-C displayed an additive effect on the LECs formation but not on their migration. JFK inhibited the formation and migration of LECs, and the inhibitory effects were most probably via regulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axes. The current finding suggested that JFK might inhibit NSCLC through antilymphangiogenesis and also provided a potential to discover antilymphangiogenesis agents from natural resources. PMID:27698675

Jin Fu Kang Oral Liquid Inhibits Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Formation and Migration.

PubMed

He, Hai-Lang; Wang, Dan; Tang, Jie; Zhou, Xian-Mei; Li, Jian-Xin; Xu, Ling

2016-01-01

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Jin Fu Kang (JFK), an oral liquid prescription of Chinese herbal drugs, has been clinically available for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lymphangiogenesis is a primary event in the process of cancer development and metastasis, and the formation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) play a key role in the lymphangiogenesis. To assess the activity of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and the coeffect of SDF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) on the formation and migration of LECs and clarify the inhibitory effects of JFK on the LECs, the LECs were differentiated from CD34 + /VEGFR-3 + endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and JFK-containing serums were prepared from rats. SDF-1 and VEGF-C both induced the differentiation of CD34 + /VEGFR-3 + EPCs towards LECs and enhanced the LECs migration. Couse of SDF-1 and VEGF-C displayed an additive effect on the LECs formation but not on their migration. JFK inhibited the formation and migration of LECs, and the inhibitory effects were most probably via regulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axes. The current finding suggested that JFK might inhibit NSCLC through antilymphangiogenesis and also provided a potential to discover antilymphangiogenesis agents from natural resources.

Lu1-xI3:Cex--A Scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy and time-of-flight PET

DOEpatents

Shah, Kanai S [Newton, MA

2009-03-17

The present invention concerns very fast scintillator materials comprising lutetium iodide doped with Cerium Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x; LuI.sub.3:Ce). The LuI.sub.3 scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention provide compositions capable of resolving the position of an annihilation event within a portion of a human body cross-section.

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Isotopic Studies of Shergottites and Nakhlites: Implications for Martian Mantle Sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Debaille, V.; Yin, Q.-Z.; Brandon, A. D.; Jacobsen, B.; Treiman, A. H.

2007-01-01

We present a new Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics study of four enriched shergottites (Zagami, Shergotty, NWA856 and Los Angeles), and three nakhlites (Nakhla, MIL03346 and Yamato 000593) in order to further understand processes occurring during the early differentiation of Mars and the crystallization of its magma ocean. Two fractions of the terrestrial petrological analogue of nakhlites, the Archaean Theo's flow (Ontario, Canada) were also measured. The coupling of Nd and Hf isotopes provide direct insights on the mineralogy of the melt sources. In contrast to Sm/Nd, Lu/Hf ratios can be very large in minerals such as garnet. Selective partial melting of garnet bearing mantle sources can therefore lead to characteristic Lu/Hf signatures that can be recognized with Hf-176/Hf-177Hf ratios.

Photodynamic therapy trials with lutetium texaphyrin (Lu-Tex) in patients with locally recurrent breast cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Renschler, Markus F.; Yuen, Alan R.; Panella, Timothy J.; Wieman, Thomas J.; Dougherty, Shona; Esserman, Laura; Panjehpour, Masoud; Taber, Scott W.; Fingar, Victor H.; Lowe, Elizabeth; Engel, Julie S.; Lum, Bert; Woodburn, Kathryn W.; Cheong, Wai-Fung; Miller, Richard A.

1998-05-01

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of locally recurrent breast cancer has been limited to treatment of small lesions because of non- selective necrosis of adjacent normal tissues in the treatment field. Lutetium Texaphyrin (PCI-0123, Lu-Tex) is a photosensitizer with improved tumor localization that is activated by 732 nm light, which can penetrate through larger tumors. We have evaluated Lu-Tex in a Phase I trial and in an ongoing Phase II trial in women with locally recurrent breast cancer with large tumors who have failed radiation therapy. Patients received Lu-Tex intravenously by rapid infusion 3 hours before illumination of cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions. In Phase I, Lu-Tex doses were escalated from 0.6 to 7.2 mg/kg in 7 cohorts. Sixteen patients with locally recurrent breast cancer lesions were treated. Dose limiting toxicities above 5.5 mg/kg were pain in the treatment field during therapy, and dysesthesias in light exposed areas. No necrosis of normal tissues in the treated field was noticed. Responses were observed in 60% of evaluable patients [n equals 15, 27% complete remission (CR), 33% partial remission (PR)], with 63% of lesions responding (n equals 73: 45% CR, 18% PR). In Phase II, 25 patients have been studied to date, receiving two treatments ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg at a 21 day interval. Treatment fields up to 480 cm2 in size were treated successfully and activity has been observed. Patients have experienced pain at the treatment site but no tissue necrosis. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of Lu-Tex PDT to large chest wall areas in women who have failed radiation therapy for the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer. Treatment conditions are currently being optimized in the ongoing Phase II trials.

[Deciphering the argots of the names of materia medica and its dosage in the Yi lin kou pu liu zhi mi shu (A Secret Medical Book of Six Therapies in Rhymes of Medical Professionals)].

PubMed

Zhou, Jian; Lin, Shiyi; Liu, Shijue

2014-11-01

Yi lin kou pu liu zhi mi shu (A Secret Medical Book of Six Therapies in Rhymes of Medical Professionals) was additionally compiled, supplemented and annotated by Zhou Sheng, a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty, based on Yi lin kou pu (Rhymes of Medical Professionals) which was composed by Lu Qi. The book contains four volumes in total, dealing mainly with the miscellaneous diseases of internal medicine, as well as external medicine, gynecology, and pediatrics etc. The syndrome differentiation and treatment, prescriptions and medications in this book has its own characteristic with rather high academic value and practical significance. There were 20 drug names were deciphered by the argots, for instance, "you che" was the argot of golden thread, and "wu yue (May)" was the argot of medicinal evodia fruit, etc. In addition, the argots were often used to decipher numerals and quantifiers, for example, "su, qi, zi, qi, man" referring to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively, and "huo, pu, xiang, feng, lai" referring to 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 respectively, and "qing","zhong","xi" referring to qian, liang and fen respectively. Hence, deciphering of these argots could help to understand and apply these prescriptions correctly.

Evaluation of SuperLU on multicore architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, X. S.

2008-07-01

The Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) will be the basic building block for computer systems ranging from laptops to supercomputers. New software developments at all levels are needed to fully utilize these systems. In this work, we evaluate performance of different high-performance sparse LU factorization and triangular solution algorithms on several representative multicore machines. We included both Pthreads and MPI implementations in this study and found that the Pthreads implementation consistently delivers good performance and that a left-looking algorithm is usually superior.

Influence of Lu2O3 on electrical and microstructural properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Dong; Wang, Biao; Lin, Yuanhua; Jiao, Lei; Yuan, Hongming; Zhao, Guoping; Cheng, Xiaonong

2012-07-01

In this work, the influence of Lu2O3 doped on the dielectric and electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 was reported. Lu2O3-doped CCTO was prepared by a conventional solid state technique using CuO, TiO2, and CaCO3 as starting materials. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); dielectric measurements were measured in the 102 Hz-107 Hz frequency range at room temperature; and the nonlinear behavior of all samples was measured. The doping of Lu2O3 resulted in an increase in the dielectric constant of CCTO, but decreased the stability of the frequency dependence. Increasing concentrations of Lu2O3 resulted in decreasing nonlinear coefficients.

Lu-Hf total-rock age for the Amîtsoq gneisses, West Greenland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pettingill, H.S.; Patchett, P.J.

1981-01-01

Lu-Hf total-rock data for the Amîtsoq gneisses of West Greenland yield an age of 3.55±0.22Gy(2σ), based on the decay constant λ176Lu=1.96×10−11y−1, and an initial176Hf/177Hf ratio of 0.280482±33. The result is in good agreement with Rb-Sr total-rock and U-Pb zircon ages. In spite of severe metamorphism of the area at 2.9 Gy, zircons from two of the samples have remained on the total-rock line, and define points close to the initial Hf ratio. The initial176Hf/177Hf lies close to a chondritic Hf isotopic evolution curve from 4.55 Gy to present. This is consistent with the igneous precursors to the Amîtsoq gneisses having been derived from the mantle at or shortly before 3.6 Gy. Anomalous relationships between Hf concentration and the176Lu/177Hf ratio may suggest that trace element abundances in the Amîtsoq gneisses are partly controlled by processes related to metamorphism.

Shape evolution with angular momentum in Lu isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kardan, Azam; Sayyah, Sepideh

2016-06-01

The nuclear potential energies of Lu isotopes with neutron number N = 90 - 98 up to high spins are computed within the framework of the unpaired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky method. The potential and the macroscopic Lublin-Strasbourg drop (LSD) energy-surface diagrams are analyzed in terms of quadrupole deformation and triaxiality parameter. The shape evolution of these isotopes with respect to angular momentum, as well as the neutron number is studied.

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being.

PubMed

Pei, Qing; Zhang, David D; Li, Guodong; Winterhalder, Bruce; Lee, Harry F

2015-07-01

We investigated the mechanism of epidemics with the impacts of climate change and socio-economic fluctuations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China (AD 1368-1901). Using long-term and high-quality datasets, this study is the first quantitative research that verifies the 'climate change → economy → epidemics' mechanism in historical China by statistical methods that include correlation analysis, Granger causality analysis, ARX, and Poisson-ARX modeling. The analysis provides the evidences that climate change could only fundamentally lead to the epidemics spread and occurrence, but the depressed economic well-being is the direct trigger of epidemics spread and occurrence at the national and long term scale in historical China. Moreover, statistical modeling shows that economic well-being is more important than population pressure in the mechanism of epidemics. However, population pressure remains a key element in determining the social vulnerability of the epidemics occurrence under climate change. Notably, the findings not only support adaptation theories but also enhance our confidence to address climatic shocks if economic buffering capacity can be promoted steadily. The findings can be a basis for scientists and policymakers in addressing global and regional environmental changes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

NiaoDuQing granules relieve chronic kidney disease symptoms by decreasing renal fibrosis and anemia

PubMed Central

Wang, Xu; Yu, Suyun; Jia, Qi; Chen, Lichuan; Zhong, Jinqiu; Pan, Yanhong; Shen, Peiliang; Shen, Yin; Wang, Siliang; Wei, Zhonghong; Cao, Yuzhu; Lu, Yin

2017-01-01

NiaoDuQing (NDQ) granules, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used in China for over fourteen years to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of NDQ, we designed an approach incorporating chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, network biology methods, and cellular and molecular biology experiments. A total of 182 active compounds were identified in NDQ granules, and 397 putative targets associated with different diseases were derived through ADME modelling and target prediction tools. Protein-protein interaction networks of CKD-related and putative NDQ targets were constructed, and 219 candidate targets were identified based on topological features. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the candidate targets were mostly related to the TGF-β, the p38MAPK, and the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor signaling pathways, which are known contributors to renal fibrosis and/or renal anemia. A rat model of CKD was established to validate the drug-target mechanisms predicted by the systems pharmacology analysis. Experimental results confirmed that NDQ granules exerted therapeutic effects on CKD and its comorbidities, including renal anemia, mainly by modulating the TGF-β and EPO signaling pathways. Thus, the pharmacological actions of NDQ on CKD symptoms correlated well with in silico predictions. PMID:28915563

SAFETEA-LU 1808 : CMAQ, evaluation and assessment, phase I, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-01

In SAFETEA-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of CMAQ-funded projects on air quality and con...

SAFETEA-LU 1808 : CMAQ, evaluation and assessment, phase II, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-07-01

In SAFETEA-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of CMAQ-funded projects on air quality and con...

Lu-177 DOTATATE dosimetry for neuroendocrine tumor: single center experience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Said, MA; Masud, MA; Zaini, MZ; Salleh, RA; Lee, BN; Zainon, R.

2017-05-01

Lu-177 labelled with DOTATE is widely acceptable to treat Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) disease and it better improvement of quality of patients’ life since few years ago. However, the radionuclide toxicity becomes the main limitation of the (NET) treatment. Therefore, we performed a pilot study aimed to estimate radiation absorbed doses to dose-limiting organs to develop a systemic therapy with Lu-177 in NET patients. In this study, five set of planar whole body images was acquired every 0.5 hour, 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after Lu-177 administrations. The planar image acquisition was done using Philip Brightview X with Medium Energy General Purpose Collimator (MEGP) collimator. All patients’ images in Conjugate View (CV) format were transferred into PMOD 3.7 Software for Region of Interest (ROI) analysis. The ROI were drawn at selected organs such as kidneys, liver, spleen and bladder. This study found that the mean absorbed dose for kidneys 0.62 ± 0.26 Gy/GBq, liver 0.63 ± 0.28 Gy/GBq, spleen 0.83 ± 0.73 Gy/GBq and bladder 0.14 ± 0.07 Gy/GBq. The radionuclide kinetic for the whole body 99.7 ± 0.1 percent at 0.5 hours, 79.5 ± 10.7 percent at 4 hours, 56.6 ± 10.3 percent at 24 hours, 43.2 ± 7.9 percent at 48 hours and 37.1 ± 9.0 percent at 72 hours. This study verifies that this planar quantitative method able to determine organ at risk and the result line with other published data.

High treatment efficacy by dual targeting of Burkitt's lymphoma xenografted mice with a (177)Lu-based CD22-specific radioimmunoconjugate and rituximab.

PubMed

Weber, Tobias; Bötticher, Benedikt; Mier, Walter; Sauter, Max; Krämer, Susanne; Leotta, Karin; Keller, Armin; Schlegelmilch, Anne; Grosse-Hovest, Ludger; Jäger, Dirk; Haberkorn, Uwe; Arndt, Michaela A E; Krauss, Jürgen

2016-03-01

Dual-targeted therapy has been shown to be a promising treatment option in recurrent and/or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). We generated radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) comprising either a novel humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, huRFB4, or rituximab, and the low-energy β-emitter (177)Lu. Both RICs were evaluated as single agents in a human Burkitt's lymphoma xenograft mouse model. To increase the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-CD22 RIC, combination therapy with unlabelled anti-CD20 rituximab was explored. The binding activity of CHX-A″-DTPA-conjugated antibodies to target cells was analysed by flow cytometry. To assess tumour targeting of (177)Lu-labelled antibodies, in vivo biodistribution experiments were performed. For radioimmunotherapy (RIT) studies, non-obese diabetic recombination activating gene-1 (NOD-Rag1 (null) ) interleukin-2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2rγ (null) ) null mice (NRG mice) were xenografted subcutaneously with Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. (177)Lu-conjugated antibodies were administered at a single dose of 9.5 MBq per mouse. For dual-targeted therapy, rituximab was injected at weekly intervals (0.5 - 1.0 mg). Tumour accumulation of RICs was monitored by planar scintigraphy. Conjugation of CHX-A"-DTPA resulted in highly stable RICs with excellent antigen-binding properties. Biodistribution experiments revealed higher tumour uptake of the (177)Lu-labelled anti-CD22 IgG than of (177)Lu-labelled rituximab. Treatment with (177)Lu-conjugated huRFB4 resulted in increased tumour growth inhibition and significantly longer survival than treatment with (177)Lu-conjugated rituximab. The therapeutic efficacy of the anti-CD22 RIC could be markedly enhanced by combination with unlabelled rituximab. These findings suggest that dual targeting with (177)Lu-based CD22-specific RIT in combination with rituximab is a promising new treatment option for refractory B-NHL.

Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of Nanorod Bundle Ln4O(OH)9NO3:Eu(Ln = Y, Lu) Prepared by Hydrothermal Method.

PubMed

Li, Ling; Noh, Hyeon Mi; Liu, Xiaoguang; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun; Jeong, Jung Hyun

2015-07-01

Well-crystallized nanorod bundles Ln4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu(Ln = Y, Lu) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystalline phase, size and optical properties were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), infrared (IR) spectrograph and photoluminescent (PL) spectra. Site occupations of Eu3+ in crystals Ln4O(OH)9NO3:Eu(Ln = Y, Lu) were discussed based on excitation spectra and the empirical relationship formula between the charge transfer (CT) energy and the environmental factor. The emission spectra exhibited that the strongest emission peaks with an excitation wavelength of 395 nm were at 617 and 626 nm in crystal Lu4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu and Y4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu, respectively, both of which come from 5D0-7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ions. The broad excitation peaks at about 254 and 255 nm were found when monitored at 617 and 628 nm in crystal Lu4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu and Y4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu, respectively, which were due to O-Eu CT transition. Based on the dielectric theory of complex crystal, the CT bands at about 254 and 255 nm in Ln4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu(Ln = Y, Lu) were assigned to the transition of O-Eu at Ln3(Ln = Y, Lu) site, from which we can conclude that Eu3+ ions occupied the site of Ln3(Ln = Y, Lu) in crystal Ln4O(OH)9NO3:1%Eu(Ln = Y, Lu). It put forward a new route to investigate site occupation of luminescent center ions in rare earth doped complex inorganic luminescence materials.

Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Dosimetry of a Long-Acting Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogue 177Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

PubMed

Zhang, Jingjing; Wang, Hao; Jacobson Weiss, Orit; Cheng, Yuejuan; Niu, Gang; Li, Fang; Bai, Chunmei; Zhu, Zhaohui; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2018-04-13

Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue therapy has become an established treatment method for patients with well to moderately differentiated unresectable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The most frequently used somatostatin analogues in clinical practice are octreotide and octreotate. However, both peptides showed suboptimal retention within tumors. The aim of this first-in-human study is to explore the safety and dosimetry of a long-acting radiolabeled somatostatin analogue, lutetium-177-1, 4, 7, 10-tetra-azacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid-Evans blue-octreotate ( 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE). Methods: Eight patients (6 males and 2 females; age range, 27-61 y) with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors were recruited. Five patients received a single dose 0.35-0.70 GBq (9.5-18.9 mCi) of 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE and underwent serial whole body planar and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) scans at 2, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection. The other 3 patients received intravenous injection of 0.28-0.41 GBq (7.5-11.1 mCi) of 177 Lu-DOTATATE for the same imaging acquisition procedures at 1, 3, 4, 24 and 72 h after injection. The dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software. Results: Administration of 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE was well tolerated, with no adverse symptoms being noticed or reported in any of the patients. Compared with 177 Lu-DOTATATE, 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE showed extended circulation in the blood and achieved 7.9-fold increase of tumor dose delivery. The total body effective doses were 0.205 ± 0.161 mSv/MBq for 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE and 0.174 ± 0.072 mSv/MBq for 177 Lu-DOTATATE. Significant dose delivery increases to the kidneys and bone marrow were also observed in patients receiving 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE than those receiving 177 Lu-DOTATATE (3.2 and 18.2-fold, respectively). Conclusion: By introducing an albumin binding moiety, 177 Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE showed remarkably higher uptake and retention in NET

Flashlamp-pumped Ho:Tm:Cr:LuAG laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jani, Mahendra G. (Inventor); Barnes, Norman P. (Inventor); Murray, Keith E. (Inventor); Kokta, Milan R. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A room temperature solid-state laser is provided. A laser crystal is disposed in a laser cavity. The laser crystal has a LuAG host material doped with a concentration of about 0.35% Ho ions, about 5.57% Tm ions and at least about 1.01% Cr ions. A broadband energizing source such as a flashlamp is disposed transversely to the laser crystal to energize the Ho ions, Tm ions and Cr ions.

Characterization of [11C]Lu AE92686 as a PET radioligand for phosphodiesterase 10A in the nonhuman primate brain.

PubMed

Yang, Kai-Chun; Stepanov, Vladimir; Amini, Nahid; Martinsson, Stefan; Takano, Akihiro; Nielsen, Jacob; Bundgaard, Christoffer; Bang-Andersen, Benny; Grimwood, Sarah; Halldin, Christer; Farde, Lars; Finnema, Sjoerd J

2017-02-01

[ 11 C]Lu AE92686 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand that has recently been validated for examining phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) in the human striatum. [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 has high affinity for PDE10A (IC 50  = 0.39 nM) and may also be suitable for examination of the substantia nigra, a region with low density of PDE10A. Here, we report characterization of regional [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 binding to PDE10A in the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. A total of 11 PET measurements, seven baseline and four following pretreatment with unlabeled Lu AE92686 or the structurally unrelated PDE10A inhibitor MP-10, were performed in five NHPs using a high resolution research tomograph (HRRT). [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 binding was quantified using a radiometabolite-corrected arterial input function and compartmental and graphical modeling approaches. Regional time-activity curves were best described with the two-tissue compartment model (2TCM). However, the distribution volume (V T ) values for all regions were obtained by the Logan plot analysis, as reliable cerebellar V T values could not be derived by the 2TCM. For cerebellum, a proposed reference region, V T values increased by ∼30 % with increasing PET measurement duration from 63 to 123 min, while V T values in target regions remained stable. Both pretreatment drugs significantly decreased [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 binding in target regions, while no significant effect on cerebellum was observed. Binding potential (BP ND ) values, derived with the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), were 13-17 in putamen and 3-5 in substantia nigra and correlated well to values from the Logan plot analysis. The method proposed for quantification of [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 binding in applied studies in NHP is based on 63 min PET data and SRTM with cerebellum as a reference region. The study supports that [ 11 C]Lu AE92686 can be used for PET examinations of PDE10A binding also in substantia nigra.

Immuno-PET Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy of 64Cu-/177Lu-Labeled Anti-EGFR Antibody in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model.

PubMed

Song, In Ho; Lee, Tae Sup; Park, Yong Serk; Lee, Jin Sook; Lee, Byung Chul; Moon, Byung Seok; An, Gwang Il; Lee, Hae Won; Kim, Kwang Il; Lee, Yong Jin; Kang, Joo Hyun; Lim, Sang Moo

2016-07-01

Immuno-PET provides valuable information about tumor location, phenotype, susceptibility to therapy, and treatment response, especially to targeted radioimmunotherapy. In this study, we prepared antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody via identical chelator, 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]-pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trience-3,6,9,-triacetic acid (PCTA), labeled with (64)Cu or (177)Lu to evaluate the EGFR expression levels using immuno-PET and the feasibility of radioimmunotherapy in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) model. Cetuximab was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-PCTA and radiolabeled with (64)Cu or (177)Lu. In vitro EGFR expression levels were determined and compared using flow cytometry and cell binding assay. In vivo EGFR expression levels were evaluated via immuno-PET imaging of (64)Cu-cetuximab and biodistribution analysis. Micro-SPECT/CT imaging, biodistribution, and radioimmunotherapy studies of (177)Lu-cetuximab were performed in the ESCC model. Therapeutic responses were monitored using (18)F-FDG PET and immunohistochemical staining. (64)Cu- or (177)Lu-labeled antibodies showed high radiolabeling yield (>98%), stability (>90%), and favorable immunoreactivity. In vitro EGFR status measured by cell binding assay was correlated with the flow cytometry data. Immuno-PET, micro-SPECT/CT, and biodistribution demonstrated specific uptake in ESCC tumors depending on the EGFR expression levels. Tumor accumulation of (64)Cu- and (177)Lu-cetuximab was peaked at 48 and 120 h, respectively. Radioimmunotherapy with (177)Lu-cetuximab showed significant inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.01) and marked reduction of (18)F-FDG SUV compared with that of control (P < 0.05). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positivity and Ki-67 staining indices increased and decreased, respectively, in the radioimmunotherapy group compared with other groups (P < 0.01). (64)Cu-cetuximab immuno-PET represented EGFR expression levels in ESCC tumors, and

Bulk Scale Formulation of Therapeutic Doses of Clinical Grade Ready-to-Use 177Lu-DOTA-TATE: The Intricate Radiochemistry Aspects.

PubMed

Mathur, Anupam; Prashant, Vrinda; Sakhare, Navin; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Vimalnath, K V; Mohan, Repaka Krishna; Arjun, Chanda; Karkhanis, Barkha; Seshan, Ravi; Basu, Sandip; Korde, Aruna; Banerjee, Sharmila; Dash, Ashutosh; Sachdev, Satbir Singh

2017-09-01

177 Lu-DOTA-TATE is a clinically useful and promising therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) overexpressing somatostatin receptors. Currently, the radiopharmaceutical is prepared in-house at nuclear medicine centers, thereby restricting its use to limited centers only. In this article, the authors describe systematic studies toward bulk scale formulation of "ready-to-use" 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE using medium specific activity 177 Lu (740-1110 GBq/mg) at a centralized radiopharmacy facility. In an optimized protocol, 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE synthesis was carried out by direct heating of 177 LuCl 3 (Sp. act. 740-1110 GBq/mg) with DOTA-TATE peptide (1.5-3.0 equivalents) in ammonium acetate buffer (0.2 M) containing 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (gentisic acid). Thereafter, the crude labeled product was purified using a Sep-Pak ® C18 column and diluted with acetate buffer-gentisic acid (1.5% w/v) solution to final radioactive concentration of 740 MBq/mL. This was further sterilized and dispensed as 7.4 GBq patient dose/vial with 2 days postformulation calibration. A peptide/metal ratio of 1.5-3.0 is essential for complexation wherein radiolabeling yields >90% are obtained minimizing free 177 Lu waste. For formulation of 7.4 GBq patient dose (2 days postproduction), even specific activity of about 555 GBq/mg was found to be adequate for the radiometal. The ready-to-use 740 MBq/mL 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE formulation with gentisic acid (1.5% w/v) is observed to be safe for human use for more than 1 week (radiochemical purity >98%) from the day of production when stored at -70°C. However, the target specificity may get affected beyond 2 days as the total peptide content for 7.4 GBq dose may exceed the critical peptide limit of 300 μg. Patient treatment carried with several batches of present formulation in diseased NET patients exhibited desired distribution at the tumor and its metastatic site. A ready

Synthesis of novel branched β-NaLuF4: Yb/Er upconversion luminescence material and investigation of its optical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Yanli; Yang, Tonghui; Yin, Naiqiang; Shu, Fangjie; Zhao, Ying; Zhang, Xiaodan

2018-05-01

Branched β-NaLuF4: Yb/Er was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method by controlling the NaF/Ln molar ratio. In contrast to the β-NaYF4: Yb/Er hexagonal disks, the branched β-NaLuF4: Yb/Er has stronger emission intensity. The integrated intensities of green and red emission bands were as 6.2 and 3.3 times as that of NaYF4, respectively. The branched β-NaLuF4: Yb/Er has the smaller unit cell volume, the higher absorption intensity around 980 nm and the lower crystal field symmetry than NaYF4, which made a significant contribution to the stronger upconversion (UC) fluorescence emissions. The results indicate that the branched β-NaLuF4: Yb/Er is an excellent UC luminescence material. The current research has a great potential in improving near-infrared conversion efficiency of solar cells.

Development of (177)Lu-DOTA-Dendrimer and Determination of Its Effect on Metal and Ion Levels in Tumor Tissue.

PubMed

Kovacs, Luciana; Tassano, Marcos; Cabrera, Mirel; Zamboni, Cibele B; Fernández, Marcelo; Anjos, Roberto M; Cabral, Pablo

2015-12-01

Dendrimers are synthetic nanomolecules with well-defined chemical structures. Different strategies have been used for radiolabeling dendrimers with different radioisotopes. In this study, the aim was to conjugate dendrimers with (177)Lu, to observe the in vivo behavior of the labeled compound and to measure the elementary changes in tumor tissue that could be caused by ionizing radiation. PAMAM G4 dendrimers conjugated with DOTA were labeled with (177)Lu. The radiolabeled compound was characterized and its stability was evaluated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Radiolabeling yield was >98% and stable for 24 hours. Biodistribution studies of (177)Lu-DOTA-dendrimers in C57BL/6 melanoma-bearing mice showed blood clearance with hepatic and renal depuration and tumor uptake. The concentrations of Br, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Rb, S, and Zn were determined in tumor tissues of C57BL/6 mice treated with (177)Lu-DOTA-dendrimers and in untreated mice. The results showed decreased concentrations of Br (62%), Ca (24%), Cl (51%), K (12%) and Na (60%) and increased concentrations of Fe (8%), Mg (28%), Rb (100%), S (6%) and Zn (4%) in tumor tissues of mice treated with (177)Lu-DOTA-dendrimers. These data may be useful to evaluate changes in tumor tissues as indicators of damage that could be caused by ionizing radiation.

Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x-a scintillator for gamma-ray spectroscopy and time-of-flight pet

DOEpatents

Shah, Kanai S [Newton, MA

2008-02-12

The present invention includes very fast scintillator materials including lutetium iodide doped with Cerium (Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x; LuI.sub.3:Ce). The LuI.sub.3 scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma-ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma-ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration.

The in vivo disposition and in vitro transmembrane transport of two model radiometabolites of DOTA-conjugated receptor-specific peptides labelled with (177) Lu.

PubMed

Volková, Marie; Mandíková, Jana; Bárta, Pavel; Navrátilová, Lucie; Lázníčková, Alice; Trejtnar, František

2015-01-01

In vivo metabolism of the radiolabelled receptor-specific peptides has been described; however, information regarding the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the degradation products within the body is very scarce. The present study was designed to obtain new knowledge on the disposition and elimination of low-molecular radiometabolites of receptor-specific peptides in the organism and to reveal the potential involvement of selected membrane transport mechanisms in the cellular uptake of radiometabolites, especially in the kidney. The study compared pharmacokinetics of two radiometabolites: a final metabolite of somatostatin analogues, (177)Lu-DOTA-DPhe, and a tripeptide metabolite of (177)Lu-DOTA-minigastrin 11, (177)Lu-DOTA-DGlu-Ala-Tyr. Their pharmacokinetics was compared with that of respective parent (177)Lu-radiopeptide. Both radiometabolites exhibited relative rapid clearing from most body tissues in rats in vivo along with predominant renal excretion. The long-term renal retention of the smaller radiometabolite (177)Lu-DOTA-DPhe was lower than that of (177)Lu-DOTA-DGlu-Ala-Tyr. An uptake of (177)Lu-DOTA-DPhe by human renal influx transporter organic cation transporter 2 was found in vitro in a cellular model. The study brings the first experimental data on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of radiometabolites of receptor-specific somatostatin and gastrin analogues. The found results may indicate a negative correlation between the degree of decomposition of the parent peptide chain and the renal retention of the metabolite. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Paleoseismology of Sinistral-Slip Fault System, Focusing on the Mae Chan Fault, on the Shan Plateau, SE Asia.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Curtiss, E. R.; Weldon, R. J.; Wiwegwin, W.; Weldon, E. M.

2017-12-01

The Shan Plateau, which includes portions of Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam lies between the dextral NS-trending Sagaing and SE-trending Red River faults and contains 14 active E-W sinistral-slip faults, including the Mae Chan Fault (MCF) in northern Thailand. The last ground-rupturing earthquake to occur on the broader sinistral fault system was the M6.8 Tarlay earthquake in Myanmar in March 2011 on the Nam Ma fault immediately north of the MCF the last earthquake to occur on the MCF was a M4.0 in the 5th century that destroyed the entire city of Wiang Yonok (Morley et al., 2011). We report on a trenching study of the MCF, which is part of a broader study to create a regional seismic hazard map of the entire Shan Plateau. By studying the MCF, which appears to be representative of the sinistral faults, and easy to work on, we hope to characterize both it and the other unstudied faults in the system. As part of a paleoseismology training course we dug two trenches at the Pa Tueng site on the MCF, within an offset river channel and the trenches exposed young sediment with abundant charcoal (in process of dating), cultural artifacts, and evidence for the last two (or three) ground-rupturing earthquakes on the fault. We hope to use the data from this site to narrow the recurrence interval, which is currently to be 2,000-4,000 years and the slip rate of 1-2 mm/year, being developed at other sites on the fault. By extrapolating the data of the MCF to the other faults we will have a better understanding of the whole fault system. Once we have characterized the MCF, we plan to use geomorphic offsets and strain rates from regional GPS to relatively estimate the activity of the other faults in this sinistral system.

Morphology evolution and pure red upconversion mechanism of β-NaLuF4 crystals.

PubMed

Lin, Hao; Xu, Dekang; Li, Anming; Teng, Dongdong; Yang, Shenghong; Zhang, Yueli

2016-06-16

A series of β-NaLuF4 crystals were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Hexagonal phase microdisks, microprisms, and microtubes were achieved by simply changing the amount of citric acid in the initial reaction solution. Pure red upconversion (UC) luminescence can be observed in β-NaLuF4:Yb(3+), Tm(3+), Er(3+) and Li(+) doped β-NaLuF4:20% Yb(3+), 1% Tm(3+), 20% Er(3+). Based on the rate equations, we report the theoretical model about the pure red UC mechanism in Yb(3+)/Tm(3+)/Er(3+) doped system. It is proposed that the pure red UC luminescence is mainly ascribed to the energy transfer UC from Tm(3+):(3)F4 → (3)H6 to Er(3+):(4)I11/2 → (4)F9/2 and the cross-relaxation (CR) effect [Er(3+):(4)S3/2 + (4)I15/2 → (4)I9/2 + (4)I13/2] rather than the long-accepted mechanism [CR process among Er(3+):(4)F7/2 + (4)I11/2 → (4)F9/2 + (4)F9/2]. In addition, compared to the Li(+)-free counterpart, the pure red UC luminescence in β-NaLuF4:20% Yb(3+), 1% Tm(3+), 20% Er(3+) with 15 mol% Li(+) doping is enhanced by 13.7 times. This study provides a general and effective approach to obtain intense pure red UC luminescence, which can be applied to other synthetic strategies.

Morphology evolution and pure red upconversion mechanism of β-NaLuF4 crystals

PubMed Central

Lin, Hao; Xu, Dekang; Li, Anming; Teng, Dongdong; Yang, Shenghong; Zhang, Yueli

2016-01-01

A series of β-NaLuF4 crystals were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Hexagonal phase microdisks, microprisms, and microtubes were achieved by simply changing the amount of citric acid in the initial reaction solution. Pure red upconversion (UC) luminescence can be observed in β-NaLuF4:Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+ and Li+ doped β-NaLuF4:20% Yb3+, 1% Tm3+, 20% Er3+. Based on the rate equations, we report the theoretical model about the pure red UC mechanism in Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ doped system. It is proposed that the pure red UC luminescence is mainly ascribed to the energy transfer UC from Tm3+:3F4 → 3H6 to Er3+:4I11/2 → 4F9/2 and the cross-relaxation (CR) effect [Er3+:4S3/2 + 4I15/2 → 4I9/2 + 4I13/2] rather than the long-accepted mechanism [CR process among Er3+:4F7/2 + 4I11/2 → 4F9/2 + 4F9/2]. In addition, compared to the Li+-free counterpart, the pure red UC luminescence in β-NaLuF4:20% Yb3+, 1% Tm3+, 20% Er3+ with 15 mol% Li+ doping is enhanced by 13.7 times. This study provides a general and effective approach to obtain intense pure red UC luminescence, which can be applied to other synthetic strategies. PMID:27306720

Scintillation properties of Nd 3+, Tm 3+, and Er 3+ doped LuF 3 scintillators in the vacuum ultra violet region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yanagida, Takayuki; Kawaguchi, Noriaki; Fukuda, Kentaro; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Futami, Yoshisuke; Yokota, Yuui; Taniue, Kojiro; Sekiya, Hiroyuki; Kubo, Hidetoshi; Yoshikawa, Akira; Tanimori, Toru

2011-12-01

In order to develop novel vacuum ultra violet (VUV) emitting scintillators, we grew Nd 0.5%, Tm 0.5%, and Er 0.5% doped LuF3 scintillators by the μ-pulling down method, because LuF3 has a very wide band gap and Nd3+, Tm3+, and Er3+ luminescence centers show fast and intense 5d-4f emission in VUV region. Transmittance and X-ray induced radioluminescence were studied in these three samples using our original spectrometer made by Bunkou-Keiki company. In the VUV region, transmittance of 20-60% was achieved for all the samples. The emission peaks appeared at approximately 180, 165, and 164 nm for Nd3+, Tm3+, and Er3+ doped LuF3, respectively. Using PMT R8778 (Hamamatsu), we measured their light yields under 241Am α-ray excitation. Compared with Nd:LaF3 scintillator, which has 33 photoelectrons/5.5 MeV α, Nd:LuF3 and Tm:LuF3 showed 900±90 and 170±20 ph/5.5 MeV-α, respectively. Only for the Nd doped one, we can detect 137Cs 662 keV γ-ray photoabsorption peak and the light yield of 1200±120 ph/MeV was measured. We also investigated their decay time profiles by picosecond pulse X-ray equipped streak camera, and the main decay component of Nd:LuF3 turned out to be 7.63 ns.

Low carrier semiconductor like behavior in Lu3Ir4Ge13 single crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Anil; Matteppanavar, Shidaling; Thamizhavel, A.; Ramakrishnan, S.

2018-04-01

Single crystal of Lu3Ir4Ge13 crystallizing in the Yb3Rh4Sn13-type cubic crystal structure has been grown by Czochralski method in a tetra-arc furnace. In this paper we report on the crystal structure, magnetic and transport properties of Lu3Ir4Ge13. The analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that Lu3Ir4Ge13 crystallizes in a cubic structure with the space group Pm-3n, no. 223. The lattice parameter was obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the room temperature XRD data which amounts to 8.904 (3) Å with low R factors. The temperature dependence of the resistivity exhibited semiconductor like behavior till 1.8 K, with a broad hump around 15 - 62 K. This hump was observed in both warming and cooling cycle with a very small hysteresis, it may be due to the existence of structural transition from high - low symmetry. The temperature dependent magnetization data shows the diamagnetic behavior with an anomaly around 70 K, which is well supported by the derivative of resistivity data.

Features of the band structure and conduction mechanisms of n-HfNiSn semiconductor heavily Lu-doped

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Romaka, V. A., E-mail: vromaka@polynet.lviv.ua; Rogl, P.; Romaka, V. V.

2015-03-15

The crystal and electronic structures, energy, kinetic, and magnetic characteristics of n-HfNiSn semiconductor heavily doped with a Lu acceptor impurity in the ranges T = 80–400 K and N{sub A}{sup Lu} ≈ 1.9 × 10{sup 20}−1.9 × 10{sup 21} cm{sup −3} (x = 0.01–0.10) at H ≤ 10 kG is studied. The nature of the structural-defect generation mechanism leading to changes in the band gap and the degree of semiconductor compensation is determined. Its essence is the simultaneous reduction and elimination of donor-type structural defects due to the displacement of ∼1% of Ni atoms from the Hf (4a) site, themore » generation of acceptor-type structural defects by substituting Ni atoms with Lu atoms at the 4c site, and the generation of donor-type defects such as vacancies at the Sn (4b) site. The results of calculations of the electronic structure of Hf{sub 1−x}Lu{sub x}NiSn are in agreement with experimental data. The results are discussed within the model of a heavily doped and compensated Shklovskii-Efros semiconductor.« less

Characterization of 176Lu background in LSO-based PET scanners

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conti, Maurizio; Eriksson, Lars; Rothfuss, Harold; Sjoeholm, Therese; Townsend, David; Rosenqvist, Göran; Carlier, Thomas

2017-05-01

LSO and LYSO are today the most common scintillators used in positron emission tomography. Lutetium contains traces of 176Lu, a radioactive isotope that decays β - with a cascade of γ photons in coincidence. Therefore, Lutetium-based scintillators are characterized by a small natural radiation background. In this paper, we investigate and characterize the 176Lu radiation background via experiments performed on LSO-based PET scanners. LSO background was measured at different energy windows and different time coincidence windows, and by using shields to alter the original spectrum. The effect of radiation background in particularly count-starved applications, such as 90Y imaging, is analysed and discussed. Depending on the size of the PET scanner, between 500 and 1000 total random counts per second and between 3 and 5 total true coincidences per second were measured in standard coincidence mode. The LSO background counts in a Siemens mCT in the standard PET energy and time windows are in general negligible in terms of trues, and are comparable to that measured in a BGO scanner of similar size.

Treatment with tandem [90Y]DOTA-TATE and [177Lu]DOTA-TATE of neuroendocrine tumours refractory to conventional therapy.

PubMed

Seregni, E; Maccauro, M; Chiesa, C; Mariani, L; Pascali, C; Mazzaferro, V; De Braud, F; Buzzoni, R; Milione, M; Lorenzoni, A; Bogni, A; Coliva, A; Lo Vullo, S; Bombardieri, E

2014-02-01

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic option in patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumours (NET). Treatment with tandem [(90)Y]DOTA-TATE and [(177)Lu]DOTA-TATE may improve the efficacy of PRRT without increasing the toxicity. In a phase II study we evaluated the feasibility of combined PPRT with a high-energy beta emitter ((90)Y) and a medium-energy beta/gamma emitter ([(177)Lu) in patients with metastatic NET refractory to conventional therapy. A group of 26 patients with metastatic NET were treated with four therapeutic cycles of alternating [[(177)Lu]DOTA-TATE (5.55 GBq) and [(90)Y]DOTA-TATE (2.6 GBq). A dosimetric evaluation was carried out after administration of [[(177)Lu]DOTA-TATE to calculate the absorbed doses in healthy organs. The acute and long-term toxicities of repeated treatment were analysed. PRRT efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST. Administration of tandem [(90)Y]DOTA-TATE and [[(177)Lu]DOTA-TATE induced objective responses in 42.3 % of patients with metastatic NET with a median progression-free survival longer than 24 months. Of patients with pretreatment carcinoid syndrome, 90 % showed a symptomatic response or a reduction in tumour-associated pain. The cumulative biologically effective doses (BED) were below the toxicity limit in the majority of patients, in the absence of renal function impairment. The results of our study indicates that combined [(90)Y]DOTA-TATE and [(177)Lu]DOTA-TATE therapy is a feasible and effective therapeutic option in NET refractory to conventional therapy. Furthermore, the absence of kidney damage and the evaluated cumulative BEDs suggest that increasing the number of tandem administrations is an interesting approach.

The Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Ecological Environment of Red Bed Hills in East Sichuan - Taking LU County as a Case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X.; Liu, J.

2018-04-01

Good ecological environment is the foundation of human existence and development, the development of society and economy must be based on the premise of maintaining the stability and balance of the ecological environment. RS and GIS technology are used in this paper while the red-bed hills of Sichuan Province-Lu County have been taken as an example. According to the ecological environment characteristics of the study areas and the principle of choosing evaluation index, this paper selected six evaluation indicators (elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation cover, land use, gully density) to establish evaluation index system of ecological environment of Lu County. This paper determine the weight of each evaluation index by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and establishes a comprehensive evaluation model by the weighted comprehensive evaluation method. This model is used to divide the ecological environment quality of Lu County into excellent, good, middle, poor and worse, and to analyze the ecological environment change in Lu County in recent ten years.

Isotopic signature of Tian-Shan mountain soils as a record of climatic changes of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovaleva, N. O.

2018-01-01

Specific features of the polygenetic mountain soils of the Tian-Shan (Kyrgystan) are due to the action of present-day and relict soil processes that vary in age and intensity under the influence of glacier movements and climatic fluctuations. These properties can be used as indicators of paleoclimatic changes. The diagnosis of ancient pedogenesis was based on criteria with the longest response time, namely, soil morphology, characteristics of organic matter, 13C-NMR spectra of soil humic acids, isotope composition of humus and carbonates, and the soil age. The results indicate a glacial climate of the Late Pleistocene, a dry and cold climate during the Early Holocene, warm and dry conditions of soil formation in the Middle Holocene, and humidity climate of the Late Holocene.

Spatial and temporal distribution of Mesozoic adakitic rocks along the Tan-Lu fault, Eastern China: Constraints on the initiation of lithospheric thinning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Hai-Ou; Xiao, Yilin; Santosh, M.; Li, Wang-Ye; Yang, Xiaoyong; Pack, Andreas; Hou, Zhenhui

2013-09-01

The Mesozoic tectonics in East China is characterized by significant lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton, large-scale strike-slip movement along the Tan-Lu fault, and regional magmatism with associated metallogeny. Here we address the possible connections between these three events through a systematic investigation of the geochemistry, zircon geochronology and whole rock oxygen isotopes of the Mesozoic magmatic rocks distributed along the Tan-Lu fault in the Shandong province. The characteristic spatial and temporal distributions of high-Mg adakitic rocks along the Tan-Lu fault with emplacement ages of 134-128 Ma suggest a strong structural control for the emplacement of these intrusions, with magma generation possibly associated with the subduction of the Pacific plate in the early Cretaceous. The low-Mg adakitic rocks (127-120 Ma) in the Su-Lu orogenic belt were formed later than the high-Mg adakitic rocks, whereas in the Dabie orogenic belt, most of the low-Mg adakitic rocks (143-129 Ma) were generated earlier than the high-Mg adakitic rocks. Based on available data, we suggest that the large scale strike-slip tectonics of the Tan-Lu fault in the Mesozoic initiated cratonic destruction at the south-eastern margin of the North China Craton, significantly affecting the lower continental crust within areas near the fault. This process resulted in crustal fragments sinking into the asthenosphere and reacting with peridotites, which increased the Mg# of the adakitic melts, generating the high-Mg adakitic rocks. The gravitationally unstable lower continental crust below the Tan-Lu fault in the Su-Lu orogenic belt triggered larger volume delamination of the lower continental crust or foundering of the root.

Block recursive LU preconditioners for the thermally coupled incompressible inductionless MHD problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badia, Santiago; Martín, Alberto F.; Planas, Ramon

2014-10-01

The thermally coupled incompressible inductionless magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) problem models the flow of an electrically charged fluid under the influence of an external electromagnetic field with thermal coupling. This system of partial differential equations is strongly coupled and highly nonlinear for real cases of interest. Therefore, fully implicit time integration schemes are very desirable in order to capture the different physical scales of the problem at hand. However, solving the multiphysics linear systems of equations resulting from such algorithms is a very challenging task which requires efficient and scalable preconditioners. In this work, a new family of recursive block LU preconditioners is designed and tested for solving the thermally coupled inductionless MHD equations. These preconditioners are obtained after splitting the fully coupled matrix into one-physics problems for every variable (velocity, pressure, current density, electric potential and temperature) that can be optimally solved, e.g., using preconditioned domain decomposition algorithms. The main idea is to arrange the original matrix into an (arbitrary) 2 × 2 block matrix, and consider an LU preconditioner obtained by approximating the corresponding Schur complement. For every one of the diagonal blocks in the LU preconditioner, if it involves more than one type of unknowns, we proceed the same way in a recursive fashion. This approach is stated in an abstract way, and can be straightforwardly applied to other multiphysics problems. Further, we precisely explain a flexible and general software design for the code implementation of this type of preconditioners.

Lu & Malenchenko work on storage batteries in Zvezda taken during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

STS106-388-011 (8-20 September 2000) --- Cosmonaut Yuri I. Malenchenko (top), and astronaut Edward T. Lu, both mission specialists, work inside panels in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Malenchenko represents Rosaviakosmos.

A New World: Redefining the Legacy of Min-Zhan Lu

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ray, Brian

2008-01-01

This article discusses exchanges between a number of scholars during the 1990s centering on Min-Zhan Lu's controversial essay "Conflict and Struggle: The Enemies or Preconditions of Basic Writing?" In some ways, "Conflict and Struggle" blazed a trail for later work in "hybrid" or "mixed" forms of academic writing while at the same time igniting…

Development and Validation of an UPLC-MS/MS Method for Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Five Alkaloids from JinQi Jiangtang Tablets and Its Monarch Drug Coptidis Rhizoma

PubMed Central

Sun, Lili; Ding, Feifei; You, Guangjiao; Liu, Han; Wang, Meng; Ren, Xiaoliang; Deng, Yanru

2017-01-01

JinQi Jiangtang (JQJT) tablets, a Chinese patent medicine approved by the State Food and Drug Administration, are composed of Coptidis Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and have a significant effect on diabetes. Coptidis Rhizoma is monarch drug in the prescription. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics of multiple ingredients from JQJT tablets and Coptidis Rhizoma extract (CRE) following oral administration in rats. Five alkaloids: coptisine chloride, epiberberine chloride, berberine chloride, jatrorrhizine chloride, and palmatine chloride, were simultaneously determined in rat plasma using established and validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Significant pharmacokinetic differences were observed for the five alkaloids after a single administration of CRE and JQJT tablets. Compared with CRE, the Cmax values of palmatine chloride and jatrorrhizine chloride were decreased significantly, the AUC0–t values of four alkaloids (all except jatrorrhizine chloride) were notably decreased, and the mean residence times of all five alkaloids were significantly decreased after administration of JQJT tablets. The results indicated that the absorption characteristics of the five alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma would be influenced by the compatibility of Astragali Radix or Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from JQJT tablets, such that absorption was inhibited and elimination was accelerated. In conclusion, the developed strategy was suitable for the comparison of five alkaloids from JinQi Jiangtang tablets and its monarch drug, which could be valuable for compatibility studies of traditional Chinese medicines. PMID:29286316

Development and biological studies of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-rituximab for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PubMed

Massicano, Adriana V F; Pujatti, Priscilla B; Alcarde, Lais F; Suzuki, Miriam F; Spencer, Patrick J; Araújo, Elaine B

2016-01-01

The optimization of DOTA-NHS-ester conjugation to Rituximab using different Ab:DOTA molar ratios (1:10, 1:20, 1:50 and 1:100) was studied. High radiochemical yield, in vitro stability and immunoreactive fraction were obtained for the Rituximab conjugated at 1:50 molar ratio, resulting in the incorporation of an average number of 4.9 ± 1.1 DOTA per Rituximab molecule. Labeling with 177Lu was performed in high specific activity with great in vitro stability. Biodistribution in healthy and xenographed mice showed tumor uptake and high in vivo stability as evidenced by low uptake in bone. The properties of 177Lu-DOTA-Rituximab prepared from DOTA-NHS-ester suggest the potential for the application of the 177Lu-labeled antibody in preliminary clinical studies.

Pre-Clinical Assessment of Lu-Labeled Trastuzumab Targeting HER2 for Treatment and Management of Cancer Patients with Disseminated Intraperitoneal Disease.

PubMed

Ray, Geoffrey L; Baidoo, Kwamena E; Keller, Lanea M M; Albert, Paul S; Brechbiel, Martin W; Milenic, Diane E

2011-12-22

Studies from this laboratory have demonstrated the potential of targeting HER2 for therapeutic and imaging applications with medically relevant radionuclides. To expand the repertoire of trastuzumab as a radioimmunoconjugate (RIC) vector, use of (177)Lu was investigated. The combination of a 6.7 d half-life, lower energy β(-)-emissions (500 keV max; 130 keV ave), and an imagable γ-emission make (177)Lu an attractive candidate for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) regimens for treatment of larger tumor burdens not possible with α-zparticle radiation. Radiolabeling trastuzumab-CHX-A"-DTPA with (177)Lu was efficient with a specific binding of 60.8 ± 6.8% with HER2 positive SKOV-3 cells. Direct quantitation of tumor targeting and normal tissue uptake was performed with athymic mice bearing subcutaneous and intraperitoneal LS-174T xenografts; a peak tumor %ID/g of 24.70 ± 10.29 (96 h) and 31.70 ± 16.20 (72 h), respectively, was obtained. Normal tissue uptake of the RIC was minimal. Tumor targeting was also demonstrated by γ-scintigraphy. A therapy study administering escalating doses of (177)Lu-trastuzumab to mice bearing three day LS-174T i.p. xenografts established the effective therapeutic dose of i.p. administered (177)Lu-trastuzumab at 375 μCi with a median survival of 124.5 d while a median survival of 10 d was noted for the control (untreated) group. In conclusion, trastuzumab radiolabeled with (177)Lu has potential for treatment of disseminated, HER2 positive, peritoneal disease.

High efficiency microcolumnar Lu2O3:Eu scintillator thin film for hard X-ray microtomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marton, Z.; Bhandari, H. B.; Brecher, C.; Miller, S. R.; Singh, B.; Nagarkar, V. V.

2013-03-01

We have developed microstructured Lu2O3:Eu scintillator films capable of providing spatial resolution on the order of micrometers for hard X-ray imaging. In addition to their extraordinary resolution, Lu2O3:Eu films simultaneously provide high absorption efficiency for 20 to 100 keV X-rays, and bright 610 nm emission, with intensity rivalling that of the brightest known scintillators. At present, high spatial resolution of such a magnitude is achieved using ultra-thin scintillators measuring only about 1 to 5 μm in thickness, which limits absorption efficiency to ~3% for 12 keV X-rays and less than 0.1% for 20 to 100 keV X-rays, resulting in excessive measurement time and exposure to the specimen. Lu2O3:Eu would significantly improve that (99.9% @12 keV and 30% @ 70 keV). Important properties and features of our Lu2O3:Eu scintillator material, fabricated by our electron-beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) process, combines superior density of 9.5 g/cm3, microcolumnar structure emitting 48000 photons/MeV whose wavelength is an ideal match for the underlying CCD detector array. We grew thin films measuring 5-50μm in thickness as well as covering areas up to 5 × 5 cm2 which can be a suitable basis for microtomography, digital radiography as well as CT and hard X-ray Micro-Tomography (XMT).

Possible Meteorites in the Martian Hills (False Color)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

From its winter outpost at 'Low Ridge' inside Gusev Crater, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit took this spectacular, color mosaic of hilly, sandy terrain and two potential iron meteorites. The two light-colored, smooth rocks about two-thirds of the way up from the bottom of the frame have been labeled 'Zhong Shan' and 'Allan Hills.'

The two rocks' informal names are in keeping with the rover science team's campaign to nickname rocks and soils in the area after locations in Antarctica. Zhong Shang is an Antarctic base that the People's Republic of China opened on Feb. 26, 1989, at the Larsemann Hills in Prydz Bay in East Antarctica. Allan Hills is a location where researchers have found many Martian meteorites, including the controversial ALH84001, which achieved fame in 1996 when NASA scientists suggested that it might contain evidence for fossilized extraterrestrial life. Zhong Shan was the given name of Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), known as the 'Father of Modern China.' Born to a peasant family in Guangdong, Sun moved to live with his brother in Honolulu at age 13 and later became a medical doctor. He led a series of uprisings against the Qing dynasty that began in 1894 and eventually succeeded in 1911. Sun served as the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912.

The Zhong Shan and Allan Hills rocks, at the left and right, respectively, have unusual morphologies and miniature thermal emission spectrometer signatures that resemble those of a rock known as 'Heat Shield' at the Meridiani site explored by Spirit's twin, Opportunity. Opportunity's analyses revealed Heat Shield to be an iron meteorite.

Spirit acquired this false-color image on the rover's 872nd Martian day, or sol (June 16, 2006), using exposures taken through three of the panoramic camera's filters, centered on wavelengths of 750 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 430 nanometers. The image is presented in false color to emphasize differences among

Possible Meteorites in the Martian Hills

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

From its winter outpost at 'Low Ridge' inside Gusev Crater, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit took this spectacular, color mosaic of hilly, sandy terrain and two potential iron meteorites. The two light-colored, smooth rocks about two-thirds of the way up from the bottom of the frame have been labeled 'Zhong Shan' and 'Allan Hills.'

The two rocks' informal names are in keeping with the rover science team's campaign to nickname rocks and soils in the area after locations in Antarctica. Zhong Shang is an Antarctic base that the People's Republic of China opened on Feb. 26, 1989, at the Larsemann Hills in Prydz Bay in East Antarctica. Allan Hills is a location where researchers have found many Martian meteorites, including the controversial ALH84001, which achieved fame in 1996 when NASA scientists suggested that it might contain evidence for fossilized extraterrestrial life. Zhong Shan was the given name of Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), known as the 'Father of Modern China.' Born to a peasant family in Guangdong, Sun moved to live with his brother in Honolulu at age 13 and later became a medical doctor. He led a series of uprisings against the Qing dynasty that began in 1894 and eventually succeeded in 1911. Sun served as the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912.

The Zhong Shan and Allan Hills rocks, at the left and right, respectively, have unusual morphologies and miniature thermal emission spectrometer signatures that resemble those of a rock known as 'Heat Shield' at the Meridiani site explored by Spirit's twin, Opportunity. Opportunity's analyses revealed Heat Shield to be an iron meteorite.

Spirit acquired this approximately true-color image on the rover's 872nd Martian day, or sol (June 16, 2006), using exposures taken through three of the panoramic camera's filters, centered on wavelengths of 600 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 480 nanometers.

Cumulated Activity Comparison of 64Cu-/177Lu-Labeled Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model.

PubMed

Laffon, Eric; Thumerel, Matthieu; Jougon, Jacques; Marthan, Roger

2017-06-01

This work aimed at estimating the kinetic parameters, and hence cumulated activity (A C ), of a diagnostic/therapeutic convergence radiopharmaceutical, namely 64 Cu-/ 177 Lu-labeled antibody ( 64 Cu-/ 177 Lu-cetuximab), that acts as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor. Methods: In mice bearing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumors, to estimate uptake (K), release rate constant (k R ), and hence A C , a kinetic model analysis was applied to recently published biodistribution data of immuno-PET imaging with 64 Cu-cetuximab and of small-animal SPECT/CT imaging with 177 Lu-cetuximab, including blood and TE-8 tumor. Results: K, k R , and A C were estimated to be 0.0566/0.0593 g⋅h -1 ⋅g -1 , 0.0150/0.0030 h -1 , and 2.3 × 10 10 /4.1 × 10 12 disintegrations (per gram of TE-8 tumor), with an injected activity of 3.70/12.95 MBq, for 64 Cu-/ 177 Lu-cetuximab, respectively. Conclusion: A model is available for comparing kinetic parameters and A C of the companion diagnostic/therapeutic 64 Cu-/ 177 Lu-cetuximab that may be considered as a step for determining whether one can really use the former to predict dosimetry of the latter. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Expedition Seven Lu with EMU in Quest airlock

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-05

ISS007-E-14470 (5 September 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, performs routine maintenance on an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit in the Quest airlock on the International Space Station (ISS). The work represents a mid-term checkout and included emptying and refilling the suit’s water tank and loops, cycling relief valves, checking sensors and collecting data, a leak check and running the suit’s fan for two hours to lubricate it.

Expedition Seven Lu with EMU in Quest airlock

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-05

ISS007-E-14473 (5 September 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, performs routine maintenance on an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit in the Quest airlock on the International Space Station (ISS). The work represents a mid-term checkout and included emptying and refilling the suit’s water tank and loops, cycling relief valves, checking sensors and collecting data, a leak check and running the suit’s fan for two hours to lubricate it.

Expedition Seven Lu with EMU in Quest airlock

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-05

ISS007-E-14469 (5 September 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, performs routine maintenance on an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit in the Quest airlock on the International Space Station (ISS). The work represents a mid-term checkout and included emptying and refilling the suit’s water tank and loops, cycling relief valves, checking sensors and collecting data, a leak check and running the suit’s fan for two hours to lubricate it.

Expedition Seven Lu with EMU in Quest airlock

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-05

ISS007-E-14472 (5 September 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, performs routine maintenance on an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit in the Quest airlock on the International Space Station (ISS). The work represents a mid-term checkout and included emptying and refilling the suit’s water tank and loops, cycling relief valves, checking sensors and collecting data, a leak check and running the suit’s fan for two hours to lubricate it.

Late Quaternary cooling rate constrained by multiple IRSL thermochronometers of potassium feldspars for granites from Kongur Shan, Chinese Pamir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Jintang; Chen, Jie; Valla, Pierre; Herman, Frédéric

2015-04-01

The Kongur Shan (East Pamir), located at the northwestern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most active orogens on Earth, where both tectonic processes along major active faults and climatic forcing (extensive glaciers coverage) are contributing to the regional landscape evolution. The exhumation rates since late Miocene was constrained to be ~6.5 - 4.2 mm/yr. However, it is still debated whether the exhumation rate accelerated since the Quaternary, of which the climate was featured by the cyclic glaciations with periods of 100 ka and 40 ka. In this study, we tried to employ luminescence thermochronology, which is a still in developing method, to resolve the impact of glacial cycles on exhumation rate. Our study site is located ~10 km to the east of the active Kongur normal fault, along the major valley of Gez river. We sampled three granite rocks from a sub-horizontal tunnel across the granite massif; one was from the entrance of the tunnel, and other two samples were from inside of the tunnel, where the measured ambient temperature is as high as 60-70 ° C. The distances of these samples are within 2 km. Four types of IRSL signals extracted from potassium feldspars (K-feldspars) were measured for each individual sample, and the results of isothermal decay experiments indicated these signals were of different thermal stabilities. Therefore, they may serve as four thermochronometers with different closure temperature. We employ these multiple thermochronometers together for each single sample to constrain their cooling rates. Our preliminary results, which are based on the simplified luminescence model of K-feldspars, suggest that the averaged cooling rate of the last 200 ka is as high as 1.4 oC/ka, which corresponds to an exhumation rate of ~ 2.3 to 0.9 cm/yr with the geothermal gradient assumed to be 60 to 150 oC/km. It seems to imply that the glacial cycles during the Quaternary substantially accelerated the exhumation rate of granite massif of Kongur Shan.

Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from Shan-Chu-Ku landfill site in northern Taiwan.

PubMed

Hegde, Ullas; Chang, Tsan-Chang; Yang, Shang-Shyng

2003-09-01

To investigate the methane and carbon dioxide emissions from landfill, samples were taken of material up to 5 years old from Shan-Chu-Ku landfill located in the northern part of Taiwan. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide ranged from 310 to 530, 2.64 to 20.16 and 0.358 to 1.516 ppmv with the measurement of gas-type open-path Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy during February 1998 to March 2000, respectively. Average methane emission rate was 13.17, 65.27 and 0.99 mgm(-2)h(-1) measured by the gas chromatography chamber method in 1-2, 2-3 and 5 year-old landfill, respectively. Similarly, average carbon dioxide emission rate was 93.70, 314.60 and 48.46 mgm(-2)h(-1), respectively. About 2-3 year-old landfill had the highest methane and carbon dioxide emission rates among the tested areas, while 5 year-old landfill was the least. Methane emission rate at night in most tested locations was higher than that in the daytime. Total amount of methane and carbon dioxide emission from this landfill was around 171 and 828 ton in 1999, respectively.

Crystal growth and scintillation properties of Nd-doped Lu 3Al 5O 12 single crystals with different Nd concentrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiyama, Makoto; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Yanagida, Takayuki; Yokota, Yuui; Pejchal, Jan; Furuya, Yuki; Tanaka, Hidehiko; Yoshikawa, Akira

2011-04-01

Nd 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% doped Lu 3Al 5O 12 (Nd:LuAG) single crystals were grown in the nitrogen atmosphere by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The grown crystals had a single-phase confirmed by powder XRD analysis. In absorption spectra, some weak absorption lines due to Nd 3+ 4f-4f transitions were observed and their intensity increased with the increase of Nd concentration. When excited by 241Am α-ray, a broad emission peak due to defects in the host lattice at 320 nm and some sharp lines due to Nd 3+ 4f-4f transitions at wavelength longer than 400 nm were observed. The decay time profiles of Nd:LuAG under γ-ray excitation were well approximated by two exponential function of 340-760 ns and 3-5 μs for each sample. By pulse height measurement using 137Cs, Nd 0.5%:LuAG showed the highest light yield of 7600 ± 760 photons/MeV.

Enhanced room temperature multiferroic characteristics in hexagonal LuFe1-xNixO3 (x = 0 - 0.3) nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suresh, Pittala; Vijaya Laxmi, K.; Anil Kumar, P. S.

2018-02-01

Single phase polycrystalline LuFe1-xNixO3 (x = 0 - 0.3) (LFNO) nanoparticles are synthesized using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the crystal structure of Ni-doped samples is isomorphic to hexagonal LuFeO3 (LFO). The phase pure hexagonal P63cm symmetry exists for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3, and the secondary phases appear for x ≥ 0.4. Raman spectra show a shift in the mode frequency corresponding to the changes in Lu-O and Fe-O bond lengths with Ni doping. An enhancement in the magnetization is observed for LFNO throughout the temperature range (400-5 K) compared to LFO. The antiferromagnetic state of LFO becomes ferrimagnetic at low temperatures, and a net magnetization is observed at room temperature with Ni doping. As Ni concentration increases, a systematic increment in the ferroelectric polarization is observed. This enhancement in polarization is believed to be due to the distortion in FeO5 cage, while the improvement in magnetic properties is due to the induced magnetic interactions, caused by the Fe-Ni interactions on the triangular lattice with Ni doping in LuFeO3.

Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution

USGS Publications Warehouse

Patchett, P.J.

1983-01-01

The 176Lu-176Hf isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed. Greater fractionation of Lu/Hf than Sm/Nd in planetary magmatic processes makes 176Hf 177Hf a powerful geochemical tracer. In general, proportional variations of 176Hf 177Hf exceed those of 143Nd l44Nd by factors of 1.5-3 in terrestrial and lunar materials. Lu-Hf studies therefore have a major contribution to make in understanding of terrestrial and other planetary evolution through time, and this is the principal importance of Lu-Hf. New data on basalts from oceanic islands show unequivocally that whereas considerable divergences occur in 176Hf 177Hf- 87Sr 86Sr and 143Nd l44Nd- 87Sr 86Sr diagrams, 176Hf 177Hf and 143Nd 144Nd display a single, linear isotopic variation in the suboceanic mantle. These discordant 87Sr 86Sr relationships may allow, with the acquisition of further Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic data, a distinction between processes such as mantle metasomatism, influence of seawater-altered material in the magma source, or recycling of sediments into the mantle. In order to evaluate the Hf-Nd isotopic correlation in terms of mantle fractionation history, there is a need for measurements of Hf distribution coefficients between silicate minerals and liquids, and specifically for a knowledge of Hf behavior in relation to rareearth elements. For studying ancient terrestrial Hf isotopic variations, the best quality Hf isotope data are obtained from granitoid rocks or zircons. New data show that very U-Pb discordant zircons may have upwardly-biased 176Hf 177Hf, but that at least concordant to slightly discordant zircons appear to be reliable carriers of initial 176Hf 177Hf. Until the controls on addition of radiogenic Hf to zircon are understood, combined zircon-whole rock studies are recommended. Lu-Hf has been demonstrated as a viable tool for dating of ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, but because it offers little advantage over existing methods, is unlikely to find

Relevant tumor sink effect in prostate cancer patients receiving 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy.

PubMed

Filss, Christian; Heinzel, Alexander; Miiller, Berthold; Vogg, Andreas T J; Langen, Karl-Josef; Mottaghy, Felix M

2018-02-01

In metastatic prostate cancer patients PSMA targeting radioligands have gained significant impact as theranostic probes. In this study a correlation between total tumor volume (TTV) and measured kidney dose as well as salivary glands (SG) uptake in 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy was evaluated. Eleven consecutive prostate cancer patients receiving a first cylcle of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 (administered activity of approximately 6GBq) were included. The 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan previous to therapy was used to determine TTV and SG uptake (glandulae submandibularis) employing PMOD version 3.403 with different 68 Ga-PSMA-11 thresholds based on the standardized uptake value (SUV).The kidney dose was estimated with the software ULMDOS using planar whole-body scintigrams. Kidney dose and SG uptake was inversely correlated to TTV, indicating high kidney dose and high SG uptake in case of low tumor load and low kidney dose and low SG uptake in case of high tumor load. Our data support the hypothesis that in 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy an individualized treatment activity based on total tumor volume could be beneficiary. Schattauer GmbH.

Illustrations of neurosurgical techniques in early period of Ottoman Empire by Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu.

PubMed

Turgut, M

2007-10-01

Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu (A.D. 1385-1468) was the author of the first illustrated surgery atlas Cerrahiyyetü'l Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), which was written in Turkish in 1465. The purpose of this report is to present his unique contribution to modern neurological surgery. Cerrahiyyetü'l Haniyye consists of 412 pages in three chapters, in which there are a total of 191 sections dealing with a variety of surgical specialties, including neurosurgery. In each section of the book, a sentence written in rhyme and meter gives the diagnosis, classification and surgical technique in detail. Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu describes medical and surgical management of neurological diseases such as spinal trauma, epilepsy, migraine, facial palsy, hemiplegia, low back pain, cranial fracture, hydrocephalus and abscesses of the head in his textbook. Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu was a great surgeon in Turkish medical history and the sections on neurological diseases in Cerrahiyyetü'l Haniyye are of great importance in neurosurgery. Today, he is justified as a pioneer of surgery, an investigator and a medical illustrator in the early period of Ottoman Empire. His atlas is a modification of original contributions from earlier treatises.

[Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE: Experience of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology in Porto].

PubMed

Sampaio, Inês Lucena; Luiz, Henrique Vara; Violante, Liliana Sobral; Santos, Ana Paula; Antunes, Luís; Torres, Isabel; Sanches, Cristina; Azevedo, Isabel; Duarte, Hugo

2016-11-01

The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, regarding the safety and efficacy of this treatment modality. A retrospective analysis of clinical reports of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing treatment with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE between April 2011 and November 2013 was performed. Thirty six cases were reviewed and 30 completed all 3 cycles of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE (83.3%). In these patients it was registered: acute side effects in 8.9% of cycles; grade 3 CTCAE liver toxicity in 13.3% of patients (all with previous abnormal liver function); absence of significant renal or hematologic toxicity; symptomatic improvement in 71.4% of patients; median overall time to progression of 25.6 months; median overall survival from diagnosis of 121.7 months. Patients with higher expression of somatostatin receptors had longer progression-free survival and overall survival times (p < 0.05). Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment, as evidenced in our study by the following findings: symptomatic improvement in most patients and increased time to disease progression and survival (especially in those with higher sstr expression), with acute and significant subacute/chronic side effects reported only in a minority of cases. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE is a promising treatment for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, with demonstrated benefits in terms of safety and efficacy.

Simultaneous quantification of five major active components in capsules of the traditional Chinese medicine ‘Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong’ by high performance liquid chromatography

PubMed Central

Yang, Xing-Xin; Zhang, Xiao-Xia; Chang, Rui-Miao; Wang, Yan-Wei; Li, Xiao-Ni

2011-01-01

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major bioactive components in ‘Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong’ capsules (SJZTC), for the purposes of quality control of this commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Under the optimum conditions, excellent separation was achieved, and the assay was fully validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. The validated method was applied successfully to the determination of the five compounds in SJZTC samples from different production batches. The HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of SJZTC. PMID:29403711

Resolution, the key to unlocking granite petrogenesis using zircon U-Pb - Lu-Hf studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tapster, Simon; Horstwood, Matthew; Roberts, Nick M. W.; Deady, Eimear; Shail, Robin

2017-04-01

Coarse-scale understanding of crustal evolution and source contributions to igneous systems has been drastically enhanced by coupled zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data sets. These are now common place and potentially offer advantages over whole-rock analyses by resolving heterogeneous source components in the complex crystal cargos of single hand-samples. However, the application of coupled zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf studies to address detailed petrogenetic questions faces a crisis of resolution - On the one hand, micro-beam analytical techniques have high spatial resolution, capable of interrogating crystals with complex growth histories. Yet, the >1-2% temporal resolution of these techniques places a fundamental limitation on their utility for developing petrogenetic models. This limitation in data interpretation arises from timescales of crystal recycling or changes in source evolution that are often shorter than the U-Pb analytical precision. Conversely, high-precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb analysis of single whole zircons and solution MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf isotopes of column washes (Hf masses equating to ca. 10-50 ng) have much greater temporal resolution (<0.1%), yet lack the spatial resolution to deal with complex crystal growth. Analyses homogenize any heterogeneity within the zircon and convolute the petrogenetic model. A balance must be struck between spatial and temporal resolution to address petrogenetic issues. Here, we demonstrate that micro-sampling of complex xenocryst-rich zircon crystals (e.g. <40 µm zircon tips) from the granitic post-Variscan Cornubian Batholith (SW England), in tandem with low-common Pb blank CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb chemistry, permits the analysis of zircon volumes that approach those of LA-ICPMS analyses, whilst simultaneously retaining the majority of the temporal resolution associated with the CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb technique. The low volume of zircon within these analyses may only provide <5 ng Hf, and therefore gaining useful precision from Lu-Hf isotopes is

Evaluation of cytotoxic and tumor targeting capability of (177)Lu-DOTATATE-nanoparticles: a trailblazing strategy in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

PubMed

Arora, Geetanjali; Dubey, Priyanka; Shukla, Jaya; Ghosh, Sourabh; Bandopadhyaya, Gurupad

2016-06-01

We propose an innovative strategy of nanoparticle-mediated-peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) employing PLGA-nanoparticles together with anti-β-hCG antibodies that can protect kidneys from radiation damage while simultaneously enhancing its tumor targeting and cytotoxic ability for somatostatin receptor (SSR) positive tumors. PEG-coated-(177)Lu-DOTATATE-PLGA-nanoparticles (PEG-LuD-NP) were formulated and characterized. In vitro toxicity of these particles was tested on human glioblastoma cell line U87MG over a radiation dose range of 19-78 Gy, using MTT assay and flow cytometry. To further enhance cytotoxicity and test the feasibility of active tumor targeting, apoptosis-inducing anti-β-hCG monoclonal antibodies were employed in vitro, after confirming expression of β-hCG on U87MG. In vivo tumor targeting ability of these particles, in comparison to uncoated particles and un-encapsulated (177)Lu-DOTATATE, was assessed by intravenous administration in tumor-induced wistar rats. Rats were first imaged in a gamma camera followed by euthanasia for organ extraction and counting in gamma counter. The particles were spherical in shape with mean diameter of 300 nm. Highest cytotoxicity that could be achieved with PEG-LuD-NP, on radio-resistant U87MG cells, was 35.8 % due to complex cellular response triggered by ionizing radiation. Interestingly, synergistic action of antibodies and PEG-LuD-NP doubled the cytotoxicity (80 %). PEG-LuD-NP showed the highest tumor uptake (4.3 ± 0.46 % ID/g) as compared to (177)Lu-DOTATATE (3.5 ± 0.31 %) and uncoated-(177)Lu-DOTATATE-nanoparticles (3.4 ± 0.35 %) in tumor-inoculated wistar rats (p < 0.001). Renal uptake/retention was decreased 3-4 folds with these particles, resulting in the highest tumor-to-kidney ratio (8.58; p < 0.01) while tumor-to-liver and tumor-to-bone ratios were comparable to un-encapsulated-drug. Nanocarrier-mediated-PRRT is an effective way of targeting SSR positive tumors for

177Lu-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Safety and Efficacy.

PubMed

Baum, Richard P; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Schuchardt, Christiane; Singh, Aviral; Wirtz, Martina; Wiessalla, Stefan; Schottelius, Margret; Mueller, Dirk; Klette, Ingo; Wester, Hans-Jürgen

2016-07-01

The objective of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of the (177)Lu-labeled DOTAGA-based prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand (177)Lu-DOTAGA-(I-y)fk(Sub-KuE) ((177)Lu-PSMA) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Fifty-six mCRPC patients underwent PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) with (177)Lu-PSMA. (68)Ga-PSMA-(N,N'-bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) ((68)Ga-PSMA) PET/CT was used for patient selection and follow-up after PSMA RLT. Hematologic status, renal function, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels were documented before and after therapy. Dosimetry was performed in 30 patients. (177)Lu-PSMA demonstrated high absorbed tumor doses (median, 3.3 mGy/MBq) compared with the levels in normal organs. Parotid glands received higher doses (1.3 mGy/MBq) than kidneys (0.8 mGy/MBq). All patients tolerated the therapy without any acute adverse effects. Except for mild reversible xerostomia in 2 patients, no long-term side effects were observed. There was a small but statistically significant reduction in erythrocyte and leukocyte counts; only the reduction in erythrocyte counts decreased slightly below the reference range. No thrombocytopenia occurred. The severity of pain was significantly reduced in 2 of 6 patients (33.3%). A decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels was noted in 45 of 56 patients (80.4%). Of 25 patients monitored for at least 6 mo after 2 or more PSMA RLT cycles, a molecular response evaluation ((68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT) revealed partial remission in 14, stable disease in 2, and progressive disease in 9 patients. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed partial remission in 5, stable disease in 13, and progressive disease in 7 patients. The median progression-free survival was 13.7 mo, and the median overall survival was not reached during follow-up for 28 mo. PSMA RLT with (177)Lu-PSMA is feasible, safe, and effective in end-stage progressive mCRPC with appropriate

Computing row and column counts for sparse QR and LU factorization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, John R.; Li, Xiaoye S.; Ng, Esmond G.

2001-01-01

We present algorithms to determine the number of nonzeros in each row and column of the factors of a sparse matrix, for both the QR factorization and the LU factorization with partial pivoting. The algorithms use only the nonzero structure of the input matrix, and run in time nearly linear in the number of nonzeros in that matrix. They may be used to set up data structures or schedule parallel operations in advance of the numerical factorization. The row and column counts we compute are upper bounds on the actual counts. If the input matrix is strong Hall and theremore » is no coincidental numerical cancellation, the counts are exact for QR factorization and are the tightest bounds possible for LU factorization. These algorithms are based on our earlier work on computing row and column counts for sparse Cholesky factorization, plus an efficient method to compute the column elimination tree of a sparse matrix without explicitly forming the product of the matrix and its transpose.« less

Contribution of Auger/conversion electrons to renal side effects after radionuclide therapy: preclinical comparison of (161)Tb-folate and (177)Lu-folate.

PubMed

Haller, Stephanie; Pellegrini, Giovanni; Vermeulen, Christiaan; van der Meulen, Nicholas P; Köster, Ulli; Bernhardt, Peter; Schibli, Roger; Müller, Cristina

2016-12-01

The radiolanthanide (161)Tb has, in recent years, attracted increasing interest due to its favorable characteristics for medical application. (161)Tb exhibits similar properties to the widely-used therapeutic radionuclide (177)Lu. In contrast to (177)Lu, (161)Tb yields a significant number of short-ranging Auger/conversion electrons (≤50 keV) during its decay process. (161)Tb has been shown to be more effective for tumor therapy than (177)Lu if applied using the same activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term damage to the kidneys after application of (161)Tb-folate and compare it to the renal effects caused by (177)Lu-folate. Renal side effects were investigated in nude mice after the application of different activities of (161)Tb-folate (10, 20, and 30 MBq per mouse) over a period of 8 months. Renal function was monitored by the determination of (99m)Tc-DMSA uptake in the kidneys and by measuring blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the plasma. Histopathological analysis was performed by scoring of the tissue damage observed in HE-stained kidney sections from euthanized mice. Due to the co-emitted Auger/conversion electrons, the mean absorbed renal dose of (161)Tb-folate (3.0 Gy/MBq) was about 24 % higher than that of (177)Lu-folate (2.3 Gy/MBq). After application of (161)Tb-folate, kidney function was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as indicated by the decreased renal uptake of (99m)Tc-DMSA and the increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Similar results were obtained when (177)Lu-folate was applied at the same activity. Histopathological investigations confirmed comparable renal cortical damage after application of the same activities of (161)Tb-folate and (177)Lu-folate. This was characterized by collapsed tubules and enlarged glomeruli with fibrin deposition in moderately injured kidneys and glomerulosclerosis in severely damaged kidneys. Tb-folate induced dose-dependent radionephropathy over

Multidose formulation of ready-to-use 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a centralized radiopharmacy set-up.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Sudipta; Vimalnath, K V; Chakravarty, Rubel; Sarma, H D; Dash, Ashutosh

2018-04-26

Lutetium-177-labeled PSMA inhibitor has emerged as a promising modality for targeted therapy of prostate carcinoma. A protocol for regular multidose formulation of ready-to-use 177 Lu-PSMA-617 has been developed based on detailed and systematic radiochemical investigations. The formulation meets the requirements of clinical use and can be shipped to nuclear medicine centres for administration up to 4 days from the date of formulation. The reported protocol would be useful toward facilitating widespread clinical utilization of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 in the management of prostate cancer. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Integrative Platform of TCM Network Pharmacology and Its Application on a Herbal Formula, Qing-Luo-Yin

PubMed Central

Zhang, Bo; Wang, Xu; Li, Shao

2013-01-01

The scientific understanding of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been hindered by the lack of methods that can explore the complex nature and combinatorial rules of herbal formulae. On the assumption that herbal ingredients mainly target a molecular network to adjust the imbalance of human body, here we present a-self-developed TCM network pharmacology platform for discovering herbal formulae in a systematic manner. This platform integrates a set of network-based methods that we established previously to catch the network regulation mechanism and to identify active ingredients as well as synergistic combinations for a given herbal formula. We then provided a case study on an antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) formula, Qing-Luo-Yin (QLY), to demonstrate the usability of the platform. We revealed the target network of QLY against RA-related key processes including angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and immune response, based on which we not only predicted active and synergistic ingredients from QLY but also interpreted the combinatorial rule of this formula. These findings are either verified by the literature evidence or have the potential to guide further experiments. Therefore, such a network pharmacology strategy and platform is expected to make the systematical study of herbal formulae achievable and to make the TCM drug discovery predictable. PMID:23653662

Effects of composition modulation on the luminescence properties of Eu(3+) doped Li1-xAgxLu(MoO4)2 solid-solution phosphors.

PubMed

Cheng, Fangrui; Xia, Zhiguo; Molokeev, Maxim S; Jing, Xiping

2015-11-07

Double molybdate scheelite-type solid-solution phosphors Li1-xAgxLu1-y(MoO4)2:yEu(3+) were synthesized by the solid state reaction method, and their crystal structures and luminescence properties were investigated in detail. The composition modulation and structural evolution of this series of samples were studied and the selected AgEu(MoO4)2, AgLu(MoO4)2, LiLu(MoO4)2 and LiEu(MoO4)2 phases were analyzed based on the Rietveld refinement. Depending on the variation of the Li/Ag ratio in Li1-xAgxLu1-y(MoO4)2:yEu(3+) phosphors, the difference in the luminescence properties of Li1-xAgxLu1-y(MoO4)2:yEu(3+) phosphors was ascribed to two factors, one reason could be assigned to the coupling effect and the nonradiative transition between the energy levels of LixAg1-xLu(MoO4)2 matrices and the activator Eu(3+), another could be due to the near ultraviolet energy absorption and transmission efficiency between the charge-transfer (CT) band of O(2-)-Mo(6+) and the 4f → 4f emissive transitions of Eu(3+). The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra (UV-vis DRS) and Raman spectra analysis were also used to verify the above mechanism.

Traditional Chinese medicine compound ShengJinRunZaoYangXue granules for treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Hu, Wei; Qian, Xian; Guo, Feng; Zhang, Miaojia; Lyu, Chengyin; Tao, Juan; Gao, Zhong'en; Zhou, Zhengqiu

2014-01-01

Traditional Chinese medical treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome has advantages over Western medicine in terms of fewer side effects and improved patient conditions. This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of ShengJinRunZaoYangXue granules for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome, including the symptoms of dry mouth and dry eye. We undertook a 6-week, double-blind, randomized trial involving 240 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome at five centers in East China. A computer-generated randomization schedule assigned patients at a 2:1 ratio to receive either ShengJinRunZaoYangXue granules or placebo once daily. Patients and investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary endpoints were the salivary flow rate, Schirmer test results, and sugar test results. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed. All 240 patients were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (n = 160, ShengJinRunZaoYangXue granules) or placebo group (n = 80) and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. After program violation and loss to follow-up, a total of 199 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis. At six week, intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses of the left-eye Schirmer I test results showed an improved difference of 1.36 mm/5 min (95% CI: 0.03 to 2.69 mm/5 min) and 1.35 mm/5 min (95% CI: 0.04 to 2.73 mm/5 min), respectively, and those of the right-eye Schirmer I test results showed an improved difference of 1.12 mm/5 min (95% CI: 0.02 to 2.22 mm/5 min) and 1.12 mm/5 min (95% CI: -0.02 to 2.27 mm/5 min), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the between-group and within-group before-and-after paired comparison results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed an improved salivary flow rate by 0.04 ml/15 min (95

Small Volume Isotopic Analysis of Zircon Using LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb and Lu-Hf and Sub-ng Amounts of Hf in Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauer, A.; Horstwood, M. S.

2016-12-01

Crust-mantle evolution studies are greatly informed by zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic datasets and the ease with which these data can now be acquired has seen their application become commonplace. In order to deconvolute geochemical change and interpret geologic variation in complexly zoned zircons, this information is most ideally obtained on the smallest volume of zircon by successive SIMS U-Pb and LA-MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf isotopic analyses. However, due to variations in zircon growth zone geometry at depth, the Lu-Hf analysis may not relate to the lower volume U-Pb analysis, potentially causing inaccuracy of the resultant age-corrected Hf isotope signature. Laser ablation split-stream methods are applied to be certain that U-Pb and Lu-Hf data represent the same volume of zircon, however, the sampling volume remains relatively large at 40x30µm1. Coupled ID-TIMS U-Pb and solution MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf work traditionally utilize whole-zircon dissolution ( 10-50ng Hf), which has the potential to homogenize different zones of geologic significance within an analysis. Conversely, modern ID-TIMS U-Pb methods utilize microsampling of zircon grains, often providing < 5ng Hf, thereby challenging conventional Lu-Hf acquisition protocols to achieve the required precision. In order to obtain usable precision on minimal zircon volumes, we developed laser ablation methods using successive 25um spot U-Pb and Lu-Hf ablation pits with a combined depth of 18um, and low-volume solution introduction methods without Hf-REE separation utilizing Hf amounts as low as 0.4ng, while retaining an uncertainty level of ca. 1 ɛHf for both methods. We investigated methods of Yb interference correction and the potential for matrix effects, with a particular focus on the accurate quantification of 176Lu/177Hf. These improvements reduce the minimum amount of material required for U-Pb and Hf isotopic analysis of zircon by about an order of magnitude. 1Ibanez-Mejia et al (2015). PreRes, 267, 285-310.

Comparison of the pressure dependences of Tc in the trivalent d -electron superconductors Sc, Y, La, and Lu up to megabar pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debessai, M.; Hamlin, J. J.; Schilling, J. S.

2008-08-01

Whereas double hcp (dhcp) La superconducts at ambient pressure with Tc≃5K , the other trivalent d -electron metals Sc, Y, and Lu only superconduct if high pressures are applied. Earlier measurements of the pressure dependence of Tc for Sc and Lu metal are here extended to much higher pressures. Whereas Tc for Lu increases monotonically with pressure to 12.4 K at 174 GPa (1.74 Mbar), Tc for Sc reaches 19.6 K at 107 GPa, the second highest value observed for any elemental superconductor. At higher pressures a phase transition occurs whereupon Tc drops to 8.31 K at 111 GPa. The Tc(P) dependences for Sc and Lu are compared with those of Y and La. An interesting correlation is pointed out between the value of Tc and the fractional free volume available to the conduction electrons outside the ion cores, a quantity which is directly related to the number of d electrons in the conduction band.

Dosimetric analysis of 177Lu-DOTA-rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PubMed

Yadav, Madhav P; Singla, Suhas; Thakral, Parul; Ballal, Sanjana; Bal, Chandrasekhar

2016-07-01

Radioimmunotherapy targeting CD20 receptors in lymphoma using radiolabeled chimeric antibodies may lead to better therapeutic responses than cold anti-CD20 antibodies. This study aimed to assess the biodistribution and present reasonable estimates of normal organ doses, including red marrow using Lu-DOTA-rituximab. Patients with relapsed/refractory CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were recruited into this prospective study. In-house labeling of Lu-DOTA-rituximab was performed and administered after quality assurance. Rituximab (375 mg/m), followed by 50 mCi (1850 MBq) of Lu-DOTA-rituximab was administered as a slow intravenous infusion and emission images were acquired. Regions of interest were drawn for kidney, liver, heart, bladder, spleen, and tumor lesions on both anterior and posterior images. Internal dose estimation was performed using OLINDA v1.0 software. The mean age of the 10 patients (eight men and two women) was 52±13 years. The uptake of radiolabeled antibody was visualized within 30 min of administration in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, and bladder. The coefficient of determination (R) was greater than 0.95 for organs and the whole body in all patients. The effective half-life of radioimmunoconjugate was 100±28 h (42-126 h). The critical organ in our study was the red marrow. The average total body dose, effective dose, and effective dose equivalent calculated in all 10 patients were 0.13±0.02, 0.15±0.03, and 0.22±0.04 mGy/MBq, respectively. There may be considerable interindividual differences in absorbed doses of organs and generalization or extrapolation of doses in the clinical setting at present is not feasible with Lu-DOTA-rituximab in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Patient-specific dosimetry is thus recommended to eliminate the variations and reduce the possibility of dose-limiting toxicity.

[Comprehension and explanation of meridians and collaterals theory in the background of the spread of western medicine into the East in the Ming and Qing Dynasties].

PubMed

Li, Su-Yun

2010-06-01

In the background of the spread of western medicine into the East in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese doctors who had accepted western medicine referred to western medical knowledge and began to use the methods of anatomical observation and demonstrating to explain the objective structure of meridians and collaterals. They tried to adopt the artery and vessel explaining the shape of meridian and the blood circle and pulmonary respiration explaining the circulation of Ying-Wei. When the anatomy structures could not perfectly equal to meridians and collaterals, some doctors put forward the gasification feature of meridian to explain the reason. These results suggest that there are difference between meridians and collaterals and pure anatomy concepts, which serves as significant reference and edification for later generations.

Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x--a scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy and time-of-flight PET

DOEpatents

Shah, Kanai S.

2007-02-06

The present invention concerns very fast scintillator materials comprising lutetium iodide doped with Cerium (Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x; LuI.sub.3:Ce). The LuI.sub.3 scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention provide compositions capable of resolving the position of an annihilation event within a portion of a human body cross-section.

Expedition Seven Science Officer Lu works with IRED hardware in Node 1/Unity

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-06-23

ISS007-E-08023 (23 June 2003) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, performs maintenance on the Interim Resistive Exercise Device (IRED) Assembly in the Unity node on the International Space Station (ISS).

Generation of 2 µm Laguerre-Gaussian mode in a Tm:LuYAG solid-state laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Qiyao; Ding, Manman; Zhao, Yongguang; Zhou, Wei; Shen, Deyuan

2018-04-01

In this article, we discuss the first vortex laser in the 2 µm spectral range directly generated from a Tm:LuYAG oscillator, in which a pump beam with annular intensity distribution is employed in line with Laguerre-Gaussian modes. Laser thresholds of different-order Laguerre-Gaussian modes are theoretically analyzed and discussed. Vortex lasers with orbital angular momentum of ħ and  -ħ were experimentally produced with corresponding output powers of 1.75 W and 1.64 W, respectively. This directly emitted vortex laser generated in the ~2 µm region from a compact and robust Tm:LuYAG oscillator has potential applications in the areas of molecular spectroscopy and organic material processing amongst others.

MS Lu conducts electrical work in Zvezda during STS-106

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-09-13

S106-E-5213 (13 September 2000) --- Astronaut Edward T. Lu follows printed guidelines as he assumes the role of an electrician onboard the Zvezda service module on the International Space Station (ISS). Electrical work was the hallmark of the day as four of the mission specialists aboard ISS (temporarily docked with the Space Shuttle Atlantis) replaced batteries inside the Zarya and Zvezda modules while supply transfer continued around them.

Geomorphology and Ice Content of Glacier - Rock Glacier &ndash; Moraine Complexes in Ak-Shiirak Range (Inner Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolch, Tobias; Kutuzov, Stanislav; Rohrbach, Nico; Fischer, Andrea; Osmonov, Azamat

2015-04-01

Meltwater originating from the Tien Shan is of high importance for the runoff to the arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia. Previous studies estimate a glaciers' contribution of about 40% for the Aksu-Tarim Catchment, a transboundary watershed between Kyrgyzstan and China. Large parts of the Ak-Shiirak Range drain into this watershed. Glaciers in Central and Inner Tien Shan are typically polythermal or even cold and surrounded by permafrost. Several glaciers terminate into large moraine complexes which show geomorphological indicators of ice content such as thermo-karst like depressions, and further downvalley signs of creep such as ridges and furrows and a fresh, steep rock front which are typical indicators for permafrost creep ("rock glacier"). Hence, glaciers and permafrost co-exist in this region and their interactions are important to consider, e.g. for the understanding of glacial and periglacial processes. It can also be assumed that the ice stored in these relatively large dead-ice/moraine-complexes is a significant amount of the total ice storage. However, no detailed investigations exist so far. In an initial study, we investigated the structure and ice content of two typical glacier-moraine complexes in the Ak-Shiirak-Range using different ground penetrating radar (GPR) devices. In addition, the geomorphology was mapped using high resolution satellite imagery. The structure of the moraine-rock glacier complex is in general heterogeneous. Several dead ice bodies with different thicknesses and moraine-derived rock glaciers with different stages of activities could be identified. Few parts of these "rock glaciers" contain also massive ice but the largest parts are likely characterised by rock-ice layers of different thickness and ice contents. In one glacier forefield, the thickness of the rock-ice mixture is partly more than 300 m. This is only slightly lower than the maximum thickness of the glacier ice. Our measurements revealed that up to 20% of

Reply to Comment by Lu et al. on "An Efficient and Stable Hydrodynamic Model With Novel Source Term Discretization Schemes for Overland Flow and Flood Simulations"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Xilin; Liang, Qiuhua; Ming, Xiaodong; Hou, Jingming

2018-01-01

This document addresses the comments raised by Lu et al. (2017). Lu et al. (2017) proposed an alternative numerical treatment for implementing the fully implicit friction discretization in Xia et al. (2017). The method by Lu et al. (2017) is also effective, but not necessarily easier to implement or more efficient. The numerical wiggles observed by Lu et al. (2017) do not affect the overall solution accuracy of the surface reconstruction method (SRM). SRM introduces an antidiffusion effect, which may also lead to more accurate numerical predictions than hydrostatic reconstruction (HR) but may be the cause of the numerical wiggles. As suggested by Lu et al. (2017), HR may perform equally well if fine enough grids are used, which has been investigated and recognized in the literature. However, the use of refined meshes in simulations will inevitably increase computational cost and the grid sizes as suggested are too small for real-world applications.

Stability analysis of a controlled mechanical system with parametric uncertainties in LuGre friction model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yun-Hsiang; Sun, Yuming; Wu, Christine Qiong; Sepehri, Nariman

2018-04-01

Parameters of friction model identified for a specific control system development are not constants. They vary over time and have a significant effect on the control system stability. Although much research has been devoted to the stability analysis under parametric uncertainty, less attention has been paid to incorporating a realistic friction model into their analysis. After reviewing the common friction models for controller design, a modified LuGre friction model is selected to carry out the stability analysis in this study. Two parameters of the LuGre model, namely σ0 and σ1, are critical to the demonstration of dynamic friction features, yet the identification of which is difficult to carry out, resulting in a high level of uncertainties in their values. Aiming at uncovering the effect of the σ0 and σ1 variations on the control system stability, a servomechanism with modified LuGre friction model is investigated. Two set-point position controllers are synthesised based on the servomechanism model to form two case studies. Through Lyapunov exponents, it is clear that the variation of σ0 and σ1 has an obvious effect on the stabiltiy of the studied systems and should not be overlooked in the design phase.

Space-time PM2.5 mapping in the severe haze region of Jing-Jin-Ji (China) using a synthetic approach.

PubMed

He, Junyu; Christakos, George

2018-05-07

Long- and short-term exposure to PM 2.5 is of great concern in China due to its adverse population health effects. Characteristic of the severity of the situation in China is that in the Jing-Jin-Ji region considered in this work a total of 2725 excess deaths have been attributed to short-term PM 2.5 exposure during the period January 10-31, 2013. Technically, the processing of large space-time PM 2.5 datasets and the mapping of the space-time distribution of PM 2.5 concentrations often constitute high-cost projects. To address this situation, we propose a synthetic modeling framework based on the integration of (a) the Bayesian maximum entropy method that assimilates auxiliary information from land-use regression and artificial neural network (ANN) model outputs based on PM 2.5 monitoring, satellite remote sensing data, land use and geographical records, with (b) a space-time projection technique that transforms the PM 2.5 concentration values from the original spatiotemporal domain onto a spatial domain that moves along the direction of the PM 2.5 velocity spread. An interesting methodological feature of the synthetic approach is that its components (methods or models) are complementary, i.e., one component can compensate for the occasional limitations of another component. Insight is gained in terms of a PM 2.5 case study covering the severe haze Jing-Jin-Ji region during October 1-31, 2015. The proposed synthetic approach explicitly accounted for physical space-time dependencies of the PM 2.5 distribution. Moreover, the assimilation of auxiliary information and the dimensionality reduction achieved by the synthetic approach produced rather impressive results: It generated PM 2.5 concentration maps with low estimation uncertainty (even at counties and villages far away from the monitoring stations, whereas during the haze periods the uncertainty reduction was over 50% compared to standard PM 2.5 mapping techniques); and it also proved to be computationally very

External radiation exposure, excretion, and effective half-life in 177Lu-PSMA-targeted therapies.

PubMed

Kurth, J; Krause, B J; Schwarzenböck, S M; Stegger, L; Schäfers, M; Rahbar, K

2018-04-12

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted therapy with 177 Lu-PSMA-617 is a therapeutic option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To optimize the therapy procedure, it is necessary to determine relevant parameters to define radiation protection and safety necessities. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the ambient radiation exposure received by the patient. Moreover, the excreted activity was quantified. In total, 50 patients with mCRPC and treated with 177 Lu-PSMA-617 (mean administered activity 6.3 ± 0.5 GBq) were retrospectively included in a bi-centric study. Whole-body dose rates were measured at a distance of 2 m at various time points after application of 177 Lu-PSMA-617, and effective half-lives for different time points were calculated and compared. Radiation exposure to the public was approximated using the dose integral. For the estimation of the excreted activity, whole body measurements of 25 patients were performed at 7 time points. Unbound 177 Lu-PSMA-617 was rapidly cleared from the body. After 4 h, approximately 50% and, after 12 h, approximately 70% of the administered activity were excreted, primarily via urine. The mean dose rates were the following: 3.6 ± 0.7 μSv/h at 2 h p. i., 1.6 ± 0.6 μSv/h at 24 h, 1.1 ± 0.5 μSv/h at 48 h, and 0.7 ± 0.4 μSv/h at 72 h. The mean effective half-life of the cohort was 40.5 ± 9.6 h (min 21.7 h; max 85.7 h). The maximum dose to individual members of the public per treatment cycle was ~ 250 ± 55 μSv when the patient was discharged from the clinic after 48 h and ~ 190 ± 36 μSv when the patient was discharged after 72 h. In terms of the radiation exposure to the public, 177 Lu-PSMA is a safe option of radionuclide therapy. As usually four (sometimes more) cycles of the therapy are performed, it must be conducted in a way that ensures that applicable legal requirements can be followed. In

Biokinetics and dosimetry with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in athymic mice with induced pancreatic malignant tumours

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Cortés, J.; de Murphy, C. Arteaga; Ferro-Flores, Ge; Pedraza-López, M.; Murphy-Stack, E.

Malignant pancreatic tumours induced in athymic mice are a good model for peptide receptor targeted radiotherapy. The objective of this research was to determine biokinetic parameters in mice, in order to estimate the induced pancreatic tumour absorbed doses and to evaluate an `in house' 177Lu-DOTA-TATE radiopharmaceutical as part of preclinical studies for targeted therapy in humans. AR42J murine pancreas cancer cells expressing somatostatin receptors, were implanted in athymic mice (nD22) to obtain biokinetic and dosimetric data of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE. The mean tumour uptake 2 h post injection was 14.76±1.9% I.A./g; kidney and pancreas uptake, at the same time, were 7.27±1.1% I.A./g (1.71±0.90%/organ) and 4.20±0.98% I.A./g (0.42±0.03%/organ), respectively. The mean absorbed dose to tumour, kidney and pancreas was 0.58±0.02 Gy/MBq; 0.23±0.01 Gy/MBq and 0.14±0.01 Gy/MBq, respectively. These studies justify further dosimetric estimations to ensure that 177Lu-DOTA-TATE will act as expected in humans.

Neutron scattering studies of the RENi 2B 2C (RE = Lu, Y, Ho, Er): Lattice dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bullock, Max

1998-02-23

The first chapter gives a brief overview of the system discussed in this dissertation. Chapters 2-5 and Appendix B of this dissertation consist of papers that are published, or have been submitted, which show experimental data regarding the phonon softening of LuNi 2B 2C. These papers have been removed and processed separately. Chapter 6 will contain a summary of the conclusions up to date. Appendix A will consist of a brief derivation of χ(q) which is talked about in the introduction of the dissertation. Appendix B will contain a Born-von Karman model fit to the experimental LuNi 2B 2C datamore » and a comparison with experimental data. Appendix C will contain a brief summary of the work done on LuNi 2B 2C as well as a complete listing of experimental data taken on the crystals which may be needed later for theoretical models of this system. Appendix D will outline a brief introduction covering some of the field theory used in the theoretical work for this thesis.« less

Simultaneous tri-wavelength laser operation at 916, 1086, and 1089 nm of diode-pumped Nd:LuVO4 crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Bingjun; Jin, Lihong; Zhang, Jiajia; Tian, Jian

2016-09-01

We report a diode-pumped continuous-wave tri-wavelength Nd:LuVO4 laser operating at 916, 1086, and 1089 nm. A theoretical analysis has been introduced to determine the threshold conditions for simultaneous tri-wavelength laser operation. Using a T-shaped cavity, we realized efficient tri-wavelength operation at 4F3/2  →  4I9/2 and 4F3/2  →  4I11/2 transitions for Nd:LuVO4 crystal, simultaneously. The maximum output power was 2.8 W, which included 916, 1086, and 1089 nm, and the optical conversion efficiency was 15.1%. To our knowledge, this is the first work that realizes simultaneous tri-wavelength Nd:LuVO4 laser operation.

An implict LU scheme for the Euler equations applied to arbitrary cascades. [new method of factoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buratynski, E. K.; Caughey, D. A.

1984-01-01

An implicit scheme for solving the Euler equations is derived and demonstrated. The alternating-direction implicit (ADI) technique is modified, using two implicit-operator factors corresponding to lower-block-diagonal (L) or upper-block-diagonal (U) algebraic systems which can be easily inverted. The resulting LU scheme is implemented in finite-volume mode and applied to 2D subsonic and transonic cascade flows with differing degrees of geometric complexity. The results are presented graphically and found to be in good agreement with those of other numerical and analytical approaches. The LU method is also 2.0-3.4 times faster than ADI, suggesting its value in calculating 3D problems.

Transculturation of Madness: The Double Origin of Lu Xun's "Diary of a Madman".

PubMed

Ma, Xiaolu

2015-01-01

Over the years scholars have examined the allegorical features of the depiction of madness in Lu Xun's "Diary of a Madman," yet to date little research has taken into consideration the intercultural angle embedded in the narrative's intersection of three cultures, namely Russian, Japanese and Chinese. This paper traces the European-Japanese-Sino route of modern neologisms of madness to explore the introduction of such neologisms into the modern Chinese language and how it corresponds with changing patterns of knowledge and power. I use my study of transculturation on the macro scale to frame a reexamination of the lexicon in "Diary of a Madman." I focus especially on kuangren and pohaikuang, the two key words employed by Lu Xun, to see how they contribute to the ambiguity in his attitude towards the power struggle between the East and the West, the old and the new.

Jahn-Teller versus quantum effects in the spin-orbital material LuVO 3

DOE PAGES

Skoulatos, M.; Toth, S.; Roessli, B.; ...

2015-04-13

In this article, we report on combined neutron and resonant x-ray scattering results, identifying the nature of the spin-orbital ground state and magnetic excitations in LuVO 3 as driven by the orbital parameter. In particular, we distinguish between models based on orbital-Peierls dimerization, taken as a signature of quantum effects in orbitals, and Jahn-Teller distortions, in favor of the latter. In order to solve this long-standing puzzle, polarized neutron beams were employed as a prerequisite in order to solve details of the magnetic structure, which allowed quantitative intensity analysis of extended magnetic-excitation data sets. The results of this detailed studymore » enabled us to draw definite conclusions about the classical versus quantum behavior of orbitals in this system and to discard the previous claims about quantum effects dominating the orbital physics of LuVO 3 and similar systems.« less

Role of protein farnesylation events in the ABA-mediated regulation of the Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase 1 (LuPLR1) gene expression and lignan biosynthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

PubMed

Corbin, Cyrielle; Decourtil, Cédric; Marosevic, Djurdjica; Bailly, Marlène; Lopez, Tatiana; Renouard, Sullivan; Doussot, Joël; Dutilleul, Christelle; Auguin, Daniel; Giglioli-Guivarc'h, Nathalie; Lainé, Eric; Lamblin, Frédéric; Hano, Christophe

2013-11-01

A Linum usitatissimum LuERA1 gene encoding a putative ortholog of the ERA1 (Enhanced Response to ABA 1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (encoding the beta subunit of a farnesyltransferase) was analyzed in silico and for its expression in flax. The gene and the protein sequences are highly similar to other sequences already characterized in plants and all the features of a farnesyltransferase were detected. Molecular modeling of LuERA1 protein confirmed its farnesyltransferase nature. LuERA1 is expressed in the vegetative organs and also in the outer seedcoat of the flaxseed, where it could modulate the previously observed regulation operated by ABA on lignan synthesis. This effect could be mediated by the regulation of the transcription of a key gene for lignan synthesis in flax, the LuPLR1 gene, encoding a pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase. The positive effect of manumycin A, a specific inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, on lignan biosynthesis in flax cell suspension systems supports the hypothesis of the involvement of such an enzyme in the negative regulation of ABA action. In Arabidopsis, ERA1 is able to negatively regulate the ABA effects and the mutant era1 has an enhanced sensitivity to ABA. When expressed in an Arabidopsis cell suspension (heterologous system) LuERA1 is able to reverse the effect of the era1 mutation. RNAi experiments in flax targeting the farnesyltransferase β-subunit encoded by the LuERA1 gene led to an increase LuPLR1 expression level associated with an increased content of lignan in transgenic calli. Altogether these results strongly suggest a role of the product of this LuERA1 gene in the ABA-mediated upregulation of lignan biosynthesis in flax cells through the activation of LuPLR1 promoter. This ABA signaling pathway involving ERA1 probably acts through the ABRE box found in the promoter sequence of LuPLR1, a key gene for lignan synthesis in flax, as demonstrated by LuPLR1 gene promoter-reporter experiments in flax cells using wild

Evaluation of 177Lu[Lu]-CHX-A″-DTPA-6A10 Fab as a radioimmunotherapy agent targeting carbonic anhydrase XII.

PubMed

Fiedler, L; Kellner, M; Gosewisch, A; Oos, R; Böning, G; Lindner, S; Albert, N; Bartenstein, P; Reulen, H-J; Zeidler, R; Gildehaus, F J

2018-05-01

Due to their infiltrative growth behavior, gliomas have, even after surgical resection, a high recurrence tendency. The approach of intracavitary radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is aimed at inhibiting tumor re-growth by directly administering drugs into the resection cavity (RC). Direct application of the radioconjugate into the RC has the advantage of bypassing the blood-brain barrier, which allows the administration of higher radiation doses than systemic application. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) is highly expressed on glioma cells while being absent from normal brain and thus an attractive target molecule for RIT. We evaluated a CA XII-specific 6A10 Fab (fragment antigen binding) labelled with 177 Lu as an agent for RIT. 6A10 Fab fragment was modified and radiolabelled with 177 Lu and characterized by MALDI-TOF, flow cytometry and radio-TLC. In vitro stability was determined under physiological conditions. Biodistribution studies, autoradiography tumor examinations and planar scintigraphy imaging were performed on SCID-mice bearing human glioma xenografts. The in vitro CA XII binding capacity of the modified Fab was confirmed. Radiochemical purity was determined to be >90% after 72 h of incubation under physiological conditions. Autoradiography experiments proved the specific binding of the Fab to CA XII on tumor cells. Biodistribution studies revealed a tumor uptake of 3.0%ID/g after 6 h and no detectable brain uptake. The tumor-to-contralateral ratio of 10/1 was confirmed by quantitative planar scintigraphy. The radiochemical stability in combination with a successful in vivo tumor uptake shows the potential suitability for future RIT applications with the 6A10 Fab. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strain dynamics during La{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} superlattice and alloy formation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Proessdorf, André; Niehle, Michael; Grosse, Frank

The dynamics of strain relaxation and intermixing during molecular beam epitaxy of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} superlattices and alloys consisting of both binaries on Si(111) have been studied by real-time in situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of both hexagonal and cubic polymorphs of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} influences the epitaxial formation within the superlattice. The process of strain relaxation is closely related to the presence of a (La,Lu){sub 2}O{sub 3} alloy adopting a cubic symmetry. It is formed by interdiffusion of La and Lu atoms reducing internal lattice mismatch withinmore » the superlattice. An interface thickness dominated by interdiffusion regions of about 3 monolayers is determined by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy.« less

Effects of scandium substitution on the crystal structure and luminescence properties of LuBO{sub 3}: Ce{sup 3+}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Yuntao, E-mail: caswyt@hotmail.com; Ren, Guohao, E-mail: rgh@mail.sic.ac.cn; Ding, Dongzhou

2012-10-15

The calcite phase of LuBO{sub 3} and ScBO{sub 3} polycrystalline powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method, and the Lu{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}BO{sub 3}:Ce (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.7) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. A large composition deviation between the initial polycrystalline powders and final single crystal was confirmed by electron probe micro-analysis. Raman spectroscopy revealed that moderate lattice disorder was induced by scandium substitution. However, based on the single crystal X-ray study, we finally concluded that the crystal structure of lutetium scandium orthoborate still crystallized in the rhombohedral system belonging to R3{sup -}c. Furthermore, the relationship between themore » energies of the five 5d levels of Ce{sup 3+} and the crystalline environment was revealed. The total redshift, total crystal field splitting, and centroid shift of Lu{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}BO{sub 3}:Ce{sup 3+} were calculated based on their VUV excitation spectra. The variations trend of these observed spectroscopic parameters was in accordance with the predicted ones. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of Lu{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}BO{sub 3}:Ce is rhombohedral system with R3{sup -}c space group. The relationship between the energies of the five Ce{sup 3+} 5d levels and the crystalline environment is established. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Moderate lattice disorder is induced by scandium doping. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The crystal structure of Lu{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}BO{sub 3}:Ce is rhombohedral system with R3{sup -}c space group. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Relationship between energies of Ce{sup 3+} 5d levels and crystalline environment is established. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The spectroscopic parameters are experimentally and theoretically calculated.« less

Multi-zonal Navier-Stokes code with the LU-SGS scheme

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klopfer, G. H.; Yoon, S.

1993-01-01

The LU-SGS (lower upper symmetric Gauss Seidel) algorithm has been implemented into the Compressible Navier-Stokes, Finite Volume (CNSFV) code and validated with a multizonal Navier-Stokes simulation of a transonic turbulent flow around an Onera M6 transport wing. The convergence rate and robustness of the code have been improved and the computational cost has been reduced by at least a factor of 2 over the diagonal Beam-Warming scheme.

Study on the transformed strategy of “life field” for aged in coal mine community——A case sstudy of ccommunity rrenewal ddesign of Sihe coal mine in Jincheng, Shanxi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xue, Minghui; Wang, Chenghao; Zhang, Shanshan

2017-06-01

Coal mine community is driven by the coal mine industry, and it mainly relies on coal mining enterprises to provide benefits for residents. Under the background of increasing serious global aging problem, the problems in the field of elderly people’s health, life, entertainment, communication, retirement and re-employment and other aspects become more acute and urgently to be solved. So it is necessary to make a more detailed study on how to transform the coal mine community according to the special needs of the elderly miners. This article takes renewal design of SiHe coal mine in JinCheng of ShanXi province as an example and takes the community’s “life field” as a clue, trying to put forward the transformed strategy of “life field” for aged in coal mine community and to come up with a method to update the community throughout the whole atmosphere to the personal space.

Efficient Operation of Conductively Cooled Ho:Tm:LuLiF Laser Oscillator/Amplifier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, Jirong; Bai, Yingxin; Trieu, Bo; Petros, M.; Petzar, Paul; Lee, Hyung; Singh, U.

2008-01-01

A conductively-cooled Ho:Tm:LuLiF laser oscillator generates 1.6J normal mode pulses at 10Hz with optical to optical efficiency of 20%. When the laser head module is used as the amplifier, the double-pass small-signal amplification excesses 25.

Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of layered REB{sub 2}C compounds (RE=Dy, Tm, Lu)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babizhetskyy, Volodymyr, E-mail: v.babizhetskyy@googlemail.com; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of L'viv, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str. 6, UA-79005 Lviv; Simon, Arndt

2012-07-15

The crystal structure of LuB{sub 2}C has been determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (a=6.7429(1) A, b=6.7341(1) A, c=3.5890(1) A, Z=4, R1=0.024 (wR2=0.059) for 436 reflections with I{sub o}>2{sigma}(I{sub o})). The compounds REB{sub 2}C (RE=Y, Tb-Lu) are isotypic. The boron and carbon atoms form infinite, planar two-dimensional nets which alternate with sheets of rare-earth metal atoms. Inside the nonmetal atom nets, a coloring with fused B{sub 2}C{sub 2} rhombuses and B{sub 5}C{sub 2} heptagons is proposed, supported by NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations. The calculated density ofmore » states of LuB{sub 2}C indicates this compound to be metallic. The magnetic properties of the isotypic compound TmB{sub 2}C, has been measured in the temperature range 2 K3 T a metamagnetic transition is encountered. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity proves the metallic character of the TmB{sub 2}C compound as well as the AFM ordering. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of LuB{sub 2}C has been determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam. The compounds REB{sub 2}C (RE=Y, Tb-Lu) are isotypic. The boron and carbon atoms form infinite, planar two-dimensional nets which alternate with sheets of rare-earth metal atoms. Inside the nonmetal atom nets, a coloring with fused B{sub 2}C{sub 2} rhombuses and B{sub 5}C{sub 2} heptagons is proposed, supported by NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations. The magnetic properties of the isotypic compound TmB{sub 2}C, has been measured in the temperature range 2 K3 T a metamagnetic transition is encountered. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity proves the metallic character of the TmB{sub 2}C compound as well as the AFM ordering. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer LuB{sub 2}C compound crystallizes

Mechanisms of Cell Killing Response from Low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Radiation Originating from 177Lu Radioimmunotherapy Targeting Disseminated Intraperitoneal Tumor Xenografts

PubMed Central

Yong, Kwon Joong; Milenic, Diane E.; Baidoo, Kwamena E.; Brechbiel, Martin W.

2016-01-01

Radiolabeled antibodies (mAbs) provide efficient tools for cancer therapy. The combination of low energy β−-emissions (500 keVmax; 130 keVave) along with a γ-emission for imaging makes 177Lu (T1/2 = 6.7 day) a suitable radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of tumor burdens possibly too large to treat with α-particle radiation. RIT with 177Lu-trastuzumab has proven to be effective for treatment of disseminated HER2 positive peritoneal disease in a pre-clinical model. To elucidate mechanisms originating from this RIT therapy at the molecular level, tumor bearing mice (LS-174T intraperitoneal xenografts) were treated with 177Lu-trastuzumab comparatively to animals treated with a non-specific control, 177Lu-HuIgG, and then to prior published results obtained using 212Pb-trastuzumab, an α-particle RIT agent. 177Lu-trastuzumab induced cell death via DNA double strand breaks (DSB), caspase-3 apoptosis, and interfered with DNA-PK expression, which is associated with the repair of DNA non-homologous end joining damage. This contrasts to prior results, wherein 212Pb-trastuzumab was found to down-regulate RAD51, which is involved with homologous recombination DNA damage repair. 177Lu-trastuzumab therapy was associated with significant chromosomal disruption and up-regulation of genes in the apoptotic process. These results suggest an inhibition of the repair mechanism specific to the type of radiation damage being inflicted by either high or low linear energy transfer radiation. Understanding the mechanisms of action of β−- and α-particle RIT comparatively through an in vivo tumor environment offers real information suitable to enhance combination therapy regimens involving α- and β−-particle RIT for the management of intraperitoneal disease. PMID:27196891

Stellar Neutron Capture Cross Sections of the Lu and Hf Isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wisshak, K.; Voss, F.; Käppeler, F.; Kazakov, L.; Krtička, M.

2005-05-01

The neutron capture cross sections of 175,176Lu and 176,177,178,179,180Hf have been measured in the energy range from 3 to 225 keV at the Karlsruhe 3.7 MV Van de Graaff accelerator relative to the gold standard. Neutrons were produced by the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction and capture events were detected by the Karlsruhe 4πBaF2 detector. The cross section ratios could be determined with uncertainties between 0.9 and 1.8% about a factor of five more accurate than previous data. A strong population of isomeric states was found in neutron capture of the Hf isotopes, which are only partially explained by CASINO/GEANT simulations based on the known level schemes. Maxwellian averaged neutron capture cross sections were calculated for thermal energies between kT = 8 keV and 100 keV. Severe differences up to40% were found to the data of a recent evaluation based on existing experimental results. The new data allow for a much more reliable analysis of the important branching in the s-process synthesis path at 176Lu which can be interpreted as an s-process thermometer.

Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of paleoglaciation along the Tian Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harbor, J.; Stroeven, A. P.; Beel, C.; Blomdin, R.; Caffee, M. W.; Chen, Y.; Codilean, A.; Gribenski, N.; Hattestrand, C.; Heyman, J.; Ivanov, M.; Kassab, C.; Li, Y.; Lifton, N. A.; Liu, G.; Petrakov, D.; Rogozhina, I.; Usubaliev, R.

2012-12-01

Testing and calibrating global climate models require well-constrained information on past climates of key regions around the world. Particularly important are transitional regions that provide a sensitive record of past climate change. Central Asia is an extreme continental location with glaciers and rivers that respond sensitively to temporal variations in the dominance of several major climate systems. As an international team initiative, we are reconstructing the glacial history of the Kyrgyz and Chinese Tian Shan, based on mapping and dating of key localities along the range. Remote-sensing-based geomorphological mapping, building on previous maps produced by Kyrgyz, Russian, Chinese and German scholars, is being augmented with field observations of glacial geomorphology and the maximum distribution of erratics. We are using cosmogenic nuclide (CN) 10Be dating of moraines and other landforms that constrain the former maximum extents of glaciers. Study sites include the Ala-Archa, Ak-Shyrak and Inylchek/Sary-Dzaz areas in Kyrgyzstan and the Urumqi valley (as well as its upland and southern slopes), and the Tumur and Bogeda peak areas in China. Comparing consistently dated glacial histories along and across the range will allow us to examine potential shifts in the dominance patterns of climate systems over time in Central Asia. We are also comparing ages based on CN with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) dates. The final stage of this project will use intermediate complexity glacier flow models to examine paleoclimatic implications of the observed spatial and temporal patterns of glacier changes across Central Asia and eastern Tibet, focused in particular on the last glacial cycle.

1.88 Micrometers InGaAsP Pumped, Room Temperature Ho: LuAG Laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnes, Norman P.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Reichle, Donald J.; Busch, George; Leisher, Paul

2009-01-01

A room temperature, directly diode pumped Ho:LuAG laser oscillated for the first time. Direct pumping of the Ho upper laser manifold maximizes efficiency, minimizes heating, and eliminates Ho:Tm energy sharing. Design and performance are presented.

Electronic structure, optical and thermal/concentration quenching properties of Lu{sub 2−2x}Eu{sub 2x}WO{sub 6} (0 ≤ x ≤0.2)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Xiang-Yang; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039; Zhang, Zhi-Jun, E-mail: zhangzhijun@shu.edu.cn

Highlights: • The band gap of Lu{sub 2}WO{sub 6} is calculated to be 3.13 eV using the CASTEP mode. • Valent state and occupation site of Eu are clarified by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra. • The thermal/concentration quenching mechanisms of Eu in Lu{sub 2}WO{sub 6} have been investigated in detail. - Abstract: Density functional theory calculations on monoclinic Lu{sub 2}WO{sub 6} is carried out using the Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package code. The result indicates that Lu{sub 2}WO{sub 6} is a broad band gap semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 3.13 eV. Eu ions are trivalency and themore » average coordination number is 7.6(5), indicating that the site of Lu is occupied by Eu. The activation energy ΔE is calculated as 0.314 eV. In addiation, the thermal quenching mechnism of Eu-activated Lu{sub 2}WO{sub 6} and the different concentration quenching mechanisms for {sup 5}D{sub 0} and {sup 5}D{sub 1} emissions of Eu ions have been proposed.« less

[Comparison of academic viewpoints between Yun Tie-qiao and Lu Yuan-lei].

PubMed

Yang, Zhi-qing; Bi, Li-juan; Yang, Xing-lin

2010-07-01

Both Yun Tie-qiao and Lu Yuan-lei are medical professionals coming from the literary field with versatile and in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in medical education and clinical practice, all closely related to modern TCM development. Yun, the elder, insisted on reforming TCM and was early to advocate the academic idea of amalgamating western and traditional Chinese medicine; while Lu, the younger, insisted on the idea of "scientizing TCM" and was the representative of amalgamating western and traditional Chinese medicine in the later stage. They shared many common viewpoints, including venerating Zhang Zhongjing, stressing exogenous cold pathogens, advocating reformation and amalgamation of western medicine and TCM and objecting to the abolishment of TCM. However, there were discrepancies between them, including the relationship between the Inner Canon and the Essay on Exogenous Cold Diseases, warm disease theory, pulse theory, titles of TCM diseases and Japanese Kampo medicine. A comparison of them and noting their valuable contributions will be beneficial for the promotion of the development of TCM.

Transparent Lu 2 O 3 :Eu ceramics by sinter and HIP optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seeley, Z. M.; Kuntz, J. D.; Cherepy, N. J.; Payne, S. A.

2011-09-01

Evolution of porosity and microstructure was observed during densification of lutetium oxide ceramics doped with europium (Lu 2O 3:Eu) fabricated via vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP'ing). Nano-scale starting powder was uniaxially pressed and sintered under high vacuum at temperatures between 1575 and 1850 °C to obtain densities ranging between 94% and 99%, respectively. Sintered compacts were then subjected to 200 MPa argon gas at 1850 °C to reach full density. Vacuum sintering above 1650 °C led to rapid grain growth prior to densification, rendering the pores immobile. Sintering between 1600 and 1650 °C resulted in closed porosity yet a fine grain size to allow the pores to remain mobile during the subsequent HIP'ing step, resulting in a fully-dense highly transparent ceramic without the need for subsequent air anneal. Light yield performance was measured and Lu 2O 3:Eu showed ˜4 times higher light yield than commercially used scintillating glass indicating that this material has the potential to improve the performance of high energy radiography devices.

Mantle evolution on Mars: Constraints from Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics of SNC meteorites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherer, E. E.; Kurahashi, E.; Mezger, K.

2012-12-01

The long-lived 176Lu-176Hf and 147Sm-143Nd isotope systems are commonly employed to track the evolution of complementary mantle and crust reservoirs. The four elements involved are refractory and lithophile, and thus their relative abundances are not expected to have been changed by accretion or core formation. Subsequent silicate differentiation processes, however, e.g., the formation of crust by extraction of melts from the mantle, will fractionate Lu/Hf and Sm/Nd. This typically leaves a depleted mantle with higher Lu/Hf and Sm/Nd values than those of the undifferentiated, presumably chondritic parental reservoir. On the other hand, these same values in crustal rocks tend to be lower than those of their source. (Apparent exceptions are the Martian shergottites, which tend to have lower Lu/Hf as expected, but Sm/Nd higher than their presumed sources. Such decoupling of the two isotope systems may be explained by two-stage melting [e.g., 1, 5].) The ensuing chemical variability among secondary and later generation silicate reservoirs causes their isotopic compositions (e.g., 176Hf/177Hf and 143Nd/144Nd) to diverge from that of the bulk silicate planet over hundreds of millions of years. The resulting isotopic diversity preserved (SNC) meteorites is being used to constrain the differentiation history, melting mineralogy, and dynamics of the Martian mantle [e.g., 1-8]. However, interpretations based on the initial isotope compositions of Hf and Nd strongly depend on the accuracy of crystallization ages. The ages of shergottites in particular are debated (e.g., [3,4,7]). To resolve this issue and gain a better understanding of Martian mantle evolution, we are investigating the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd systematics of bulk SNC meteorites and constructing internal (mineral) isochrons. Eleven bulk Martian meteorites (5 shergottites, 4 nakhlites, and 2 chassignites) were digested without prior leaching in high-pressure autoclaves for 5 days. Initial ɛ176Hf and ɛ143Nd values

A WLED based on LuAG:Ce3+ PiG coated red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor by screen-printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Rui; Wu, Lingchao; Di, Xiaoxuan; Li, Pengzhi; Hu, Guangcai; Liang, Xiaojuan; Xiang, Weidong

2017-08-01

It is high-profile that the use of phosphor-in-glass (PiG) is extensive because of its excellent advantages in thermal resistance and lifetime aspects, and so on. Here, white light-emitting diodes (WLED) based on LuAG:Ce3+ PiG coated red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF) phosphors by screen-printing are fabricated. Among all of these, the commercial LuAG phosphors and glass raw materials of TeO2-based glass, were weighted and milled in an agate thoroughly. Then, the mixture was melted and sintered at 850 K or so for 20 min in the ambient atmosphere through low temperature co-fired method, cold-forming LuAG PiG clump and cut into different LuAG PiG thicknesses. After that, the commercial red phosphor KSF was coated on LuAG PiG by screen-printing technique. Finally, high-performance WLEDs based on the TeO2-based glass were obtained, tested and characterized, which exhibit a highest color rendering index of 94.1, a lowest color temperature of 3744 K and a largest luminous efficiency of 101.02 lm·W-1. Most noticeably of all, the promising method has excellent developing potential for industrialization in high-power WLED.

How deformed are the TSD bands in odd Lu isotopes?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ragnarsson, I.

2017-12-01

The experimental fingerprints for large deformation in the triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands of 163,165,167Lu are discussed. It is argued that these fingerprints are not very convincing. On the contrary, especially the fact that there exist strong interactions between the TSD bands and normal-deformed (ND) bands indicates that the deformation of the TSD bands cannot be very different from that of the ND bands. The need for detailed new experimental data is underlined.

Microbial Diversity Analysis of Fermented Mung Beans (Lu-Doh-Huang) by Using Pyrosequencing and Culture Methods

PubMed Central

Chao, Shiou-Huei; Huang, Hui-Yu; Chang, Chuan-Hsiung; Yang, Chih-Hsien; Cheng, Wei-Shen; Kang, Ya-Huei; Watanabe, Koichi; Tsai, Ying-Chieh

2013-01-01

In Taiwanese alternative medicine Lu-doh-huang (also called Pracparatum mungo), mung beans are mixed with various herbal medicines and undergo a 4-stage process of anaerobic fermentation. Here we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to profile the bacterial community structure of Lu-doh-huang samples. Pyrosequencing of samples obtained at 7 points during fermentation revealed 9 phyla, 264 genera, and 586 species of bacteria. While mung beans were inside bamboo sections (stages 1 and 2 of the fermentation process), family Lactobacillaceae and genus Lactobacillus emerged in highest abundance; Lactobacillus plantarum was broadly distributed among these samples. During stage 3, the bacterial distribution shifted to family Porphyromonadaceae, and Butyricimonas virosa became the predominant microbial component. Thereafter, bacterial counts decreased dramatically, and organisms were too few to be detected during stage 4. In addition, the microbial compositions of the liquids used for soaking bamboo sections were dramatically different: Exiguobacterium mexicanum predominated in the fermented soybean solution whereas B. virosa was predominant in running spring water. Furthermore, our results from pyrosequencing paralleled those we obtained by using the traditional culture method, which targets lactic acid bacteria. In conclusion, the microbial communities during Lu-doh-huang fermentation were markedly diverse, and pyrosequencing revealed a complete picture of the microbial consortium. PMID:23700436

The radiometal makes a difference. Synthesis and preliminary characterisation of DOTA-minigastrin analogue complexes with Ga, Lu and Y.

PubMed

Maurin, Michał; Garnuszek, Piotr; Baran, Piotr; Pawlak, Dariusz; Mikołajczak, Renata

2015-01-01

The minigastrin analogue - CP04: DOTA-(DGlu)6-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 has been developed for CCK2R targeting. This analogue can be radiolabelled with 111In or 68Ga for imaging, or with 90Y and 177Lu for therapy. However, affinity of the chelator-peptide conjugates to the cell membrane receptors may vary depending on the metal incorporated into the complex. So far, there are no such studies for the ligands of gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor CCK2R. It is supposed that the reason for the differentiation of receptor affinity to the respective receptors is in the changes of structure of chelating system and their influence on the bioactive conformations of the metal conjugated peptides. Herein, we report on the radiolabeling of CP04 with 90Y, 177Lu and 68Ga and synthesis of cold CP04 complexes with respective stable metals for further structural and physico-chemical and biological studies. From 200 to 600 MBq of 90Y, 177Lu or 68Ga were used for radiolabelling of 20 μg of CP04 dissolved in ascorbic acid solution (50 mg/mL, pH 4.5). Non-radioactive complexes with Lu and Ga were synthesized in milligram amounts starting from 0.5 mg up to 5 mg of CP04 dissolved in ascorbic acid solution (50 mg/mL, pH 4.5) when using 2-molar excess of the metal ions. Complex formation needed 5 min in microwave oven or 12 min in thermo-block at 95°C. RP-HPLC isocratic method (Kinetex 150/4.6 mm; 25% AcN/0.1% TFA, 1 mL/min) with UV/Vis and radiometric detection was developed for investigation of the radiolabelled and "cold" complexes. For LC-MS investigations, HPLC method was modified replacing TFA by formic acid. Yields of CP04 radiolabelling were greater than 90% for all three radionuclides. The HPLC method enabled identification of these radio-complexes based on comparison to their non-radioactive equivalents. In all cases, chromatograms revealed peaks that could be attributed to the metal-CP04 complexes and to impurities (including methionine oxidation). LC-MS analysis of Ga and

Lu-Hf Garnet Geochronology Reveals the Tectonic History of Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Rocky Mountains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aronoff, R.; Andronicos, C.; Vervoort, J. D.; Hunter, R. A.

2014-12-01

Lu-Hf garnet dating of Proterozoic rocks of the southwestern United States provides constraints on the timing and geographic extent of metamorphism associated with the Yavapai, Mazatzal, and newly recognized Picuris orogenies. Prior work focusing on U-Pb dating of plutons and Ar geochronology has left the timing of prograde metamorphism ambiguous, particularly in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Because the Lu-Hf system dates the onset of garnet growth, it can constrain the timing of the prograde P-T path. Garnet schist samples from central and northern New Mexico exhibit garnet growth restricted to the time period between ~1460 and 1400 Ma. In the Picuris and Manzano mountains, the oldest Lu-Hf garnet ages predate the U-Pb ages of ~1.4 Ga plutons located near the dated samples. This implies that garnet growth, and therefore the onset of amphibolite facies metamorphism, cannot be driven by contact metamorphism, as has been previously inferred. Garnet-bearing samples from the Needle and Wet Mountains in southern Colorado display a range of garnet ages between ~1750 and 1470 Ma. A garnet gneiss from the Needle Mountains in southwestern Colorado yields an age of 1748 Ma, which is consistent with the Yavapai orogeny. This Lu-Hf garnet age has not been reset by contact metamorphism associated with the emplacement of the ~1.4 Ga Eolus batholith. Anatectic garnet in an orthogneiss from the northern Wet Mountains yields an age of 1601 Ma and is interpreted to date partial melting at the close of the Mazatzal orogeny. A 1476 Ma garnet age from the aureole of the 1440 Ma Oak Creek pluton is interpreted to date upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. The age distribution of these samples shows that rocks in Colorado underwent a complex, poly-metamorphic history, while rocks in New Mexico underwent a single progressive metamorphic event. This contrast implies that the boundary between rocks deformed and metamorphosed during the ~1800-1600 Ma Yavapai and Mazatzal

Laser performance of in-band pumped Er : LiYF4 and Er : LiLuF4 crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorbachenya, K. N.; Kurilchik, S. V.; Kisel, V. E.; Yasukevich, A. S.; Kuleshov, N. V.; Nizamutdinov, A. S.; Korableva, S. L.; Semashko, V. V.

2016-02-01

Spectroscopic properties of Er : LiLuF4 and Er : LiYF4 crystals in the spectral region near 1.5 μm and the lasing characteristics of these crystals under in-band pumping at a wavelength of 1522 nm are studied. With the Er : LiLuF4 crystal, the maximum slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 44% at a wavelength of 1609 nm. Continuous-wave operation of an inband pumped Er : LiYF4 laser is obtained for the first time. The output power at a wavelength of 1606 nm was 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 21%.

First principle study of AlX (X=3d, 4d, 5d elements and Lu) dimer.

PubMed

Ouyang, Yifang; Wang, Jianchuan; Hou, Yuhua; Zhong, Xiaping; Du, Yong; Feng, Yuanping

2008-02-21

The ground state equilibrium bond length, harmonic vibrational frequency, and dissociation energy of AlX (X=3d,4d,5d elements and Lu) dimers are investigated by density functional method B3LYP. The present results are in good agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical values except the dissociation energy of AlCr. The present calculations show that the late transition metal can combine strongly with aluminum compared with the former transition metal. The present calculation also indicates that it is more reasonable to replace La with Lu in the Periodic Table and that the bonding strengths of zinc, cadmium, and mercury with aluminum are very weak.

Luminescence and energy transfer in Lu3Al5O12 scintillators co-doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+.

PubMed

Ogiegło, Joanna M; Zych, Aleksander; Ivanovskikh, Konstantin V; Jüstel, Thomas; Ronda, Cees R; Meijerink, Andries

2012-08-23

Lu(3)Al(5)O(12) (LuAG) doped with Ce(3+) is a promising scintillator material with a high density and a fast response time. The light output under X-ray or γ-ray excitation is, however, well below the theoretical limit. In this paper the influence of codoping with Tb(3+) is investigated with the aim to increase the light output. High resolution spectra of singly doped LuAG (with Ce(3+) or Tb(3+)) are reported and provide insight into the energy level structure of the two ions in LuAG. For Ce(3+) zero-phonon lines and vibronic structure are observed for the two lowest energy 5d bands and the Stokes' shift (2 350 cm(-1)) and Huang-Rhys coupling parameter (S = 9) have been determined. Tb(3+) 4f-5d transitions to the high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states are observed (including a zero-phonon line and vibrational structure for the high spin state). The HS-LS splitting of 5400 cm(-1) is smaller than usually observed and is explained by a reduction of the 5d-4f exchange coupling parameter J by covalency. Upon replacing the smaller Lu(3+) ion with the larger Tb(3+) ion, the crystal field splitting for the lowest 5d states increases, causing the lowest 5d state to shift below the (5)D(4) state of Tb(3+) and allowing for efficient energy transfer from Tb(3+) to Ce(3+) down to the lowest temperatures. Luminescence decay measurements confirm efficient energy transfer from Tb(3+) to Ce(3+) and provide a qualitative understanding of the energy transfer process. Co-doping with Tb(3+) does not result in the desired increase in light output, and an explanation based on electron trapping in defects is discussed.

The feasibility study of 177Lu production in Miniature Neutron Source Reactors using a multi-stage approach in Isfahan, Iran.

PubMed

Golabian, A; Hosseini, M A; Ahmadi, M; Soleimani, B; Rezvanifard, M

2018-01-01

Miniature neutron source reactors (MNSRs) are among the safest and economic research reactors with potentials to be used for neutron studies. This manuscript explores the feasibility of 177 Lu production in Isfahan MNSR reactor using direct production route. In this study, to assess the specific activity of the produced radioisotope, a simulation was carried out through the MCNPX2.6 code. The simulation was validated by irradiating a lutetium disc-like (99.98 chemical purity) at the thermal neutron flux of 5 × 10 11 ncm 2 s -1 and an irradiation time of 4min. After the spectrometry of the irradiated sample, the experimental results of 177 Lu production were compared with the simulation results. In addition, factor from the simulation was extracted by replacing it in the related equations in order to calculate specific activity through a multi-stage approach, and by using different irradiation techniques. The results showed that the simulation technique designed in this study is in agreement with the experimental approach (with a difference of approximately 3%). It was also found that the maximum 177 Lu production at the maximum flux and irradiation time allows access to 723.5mCi/g after 27 cycles. Furthermore, the comparison of irradiation techniques showed that increasing the irradiation time is more effective in 177 Lu production efficiency than increasing the number of irradiation cycles. In a way that increasing the irradiation time would postpone the saturation of the productions. On the other hand, it was shown that the choice of an appropriate irradiation technique for 177 Lu production can be economically important in term of the effective fuel consumption in the reactor. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of electron-phonon coupling on the superconducting transition temperature in dodecaboride superconductors: A comparison of LuB12 with ZrB12

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teyssier, J.; Lortz, R.; Petrovic, A.; van der Marel, D.; Filippov, V.; Shitsevalova, N.

2008-10-01

We report a detailed study of specific heat, electrical resistivity, and optical spectroscopy in the superconducting boride LuB12 (Tc=0.4K) , and compare it to the higher Tc compound ZrB12 (Tc=6K) . Both compounds have the same structure based on enclosed metallic Lu or Zr ions in oversized boron cages. The infrared reflectivity and ellipsometry in the visible range allow us to extract the optical conductivity from 6 meV to 4 eV in the normal state from 20 to 280 K. By extracting the superconducting properties, phonon density of states, and electron-phonon coupling function from these measurements, we discuss the important factors governing Tc and explain the difference between the two compounds. The phonon density of states seems to be insignificantly modified by substitution of Zr with Lu. However, the soft vibrations of the metal ions in boron cages, responsible for the relatively high Tc in ZrB12 , have almost no contribution to the electron-phonon coupling in LuB12 .

[Clinical and experimental research on chronic bronchitis treated with ke chuan ping decoction].

PubMed

Cheng, C L

1991-04-01

This paper presents the results of clinical observation and experimental research of ke chuan ping (KCP) in treating 31 cases of chronic bronchitis compared with that of traditional prescription qing jin hua tan decoction (QJHT) in other 31 patients with the same conditions randomized as control. The total effective rate of KCP group was 93.55% including 67.74% of basically cured and markedly effective cases. The total effective rate of QJHT group was 74.19% including 41.94% basically cured and markedly effective cases. There were significant differences between them (P less than 0.05). According to laboratory observation KCP had the ability to dilute sputum viscosity, promote pulmonary ventilation function, decrease WBC and raise PO2. Animal experimental research suggested that KCP had the effects on reducing sputum, relieving cough, modifying stridor and inhibiting bacteria. It was proved that KCP is a highly effective recipe for patients with chronic bronchitis. It was also shown that clearing away heat and dispersing phlegm therapy is an important measure for chronic bronchitis with Biao Zheng.

Tectono-thermal evolution of north Kuqa Depression and South Tian Shan: constraints from apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Y.; Qiu, N.; Chang, J.

2017-12-01

The Kuqa Depression, located between Tarim Basin and South Tian Shan Orogen, is considered the most promising site for study the tectono-thermal evolution of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB). (U-Th)/He is a new dating method and apatite He ages can record the cooling histories at low temperature between 40 ° 75°1. At present, the low temperature thermochronological data, especially the (U-Th)/He, from north Kuqa Depression are scarce, resulting in controversial issues regarding the cooling history of the upper crust and the latest uplift of South Tian Shan. We present new apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronologic data from kuqa depression, aiming to provide insights into exhumation and thermal history of the north kuqa depression. In this study, we firstly present 43 apatite (U-Th)/He ages of 9 samples in north rim of Kuqa Depression. The (U-Th)/He ages range from 1.4±1.0Ma to 17.9±1.2Ma, which are obviously both younger than both the depositional ages and the corresponding AFT ages. To better understand the deformation evolution and thermal history of north Tarim Basin, we use these thermochronological data as inputs for HeFTy software implemented with radiation damage accumulation and annealing model (RDAAM) for time-temperature reconstruction1,2. The relationship between AHe or AFT ages and the relative stratigraphic ages shows that the AHe ages are young and almost about 10 Ma.Thermal modeling using apatite (U-Th)/He ages and geological background information in the same area allow us to obtain a cooling history. The sample T-03 suffered a cooling between 170 and 130Ma, they were re-heated at around 100° between 100 and 40Ma then rapidly cooled and exhumed to reach the surface temperature at around 5Ma. The thermal modeling results indicated the north Kuqa Depression experienced a Miocene rapid cooling event initialed at 12Ma and continued to 5Ma, resulting from far field effect of India-Asia collision. References1. Ketcham, R.A. Forward and reverse

The development of Ce3+-activated (Gd,Lu)3Al5O12 garnet solid solutions as efficient yellow-emitting phosphors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jinkai; Li, Ji-Guang; Liu, Shaohong; Li, Xiaodong; Sun, Xudong; Sakka, Yoshio

2013-10-01

Ce3+-activated Gd3Al5O12 garnet, effectively stabilized by Lu3+ doping, has been developed for new yellow-emitting phosphors. The powder processing of [(Gd1-xLux)1-yCey]3Al5O12 solid solutions was achieved through precursor synthesis via carbonate precipitation, followed by annealing. The resultant (Gd,Lu)AG:Ce3+ phosphor particles exhibit typical yellow emission at ˜570 nm (5d-4f transition of Ce3+) upon blue-light excitation at ˜457 nm (the 2F5/2-5d transition of Ce3+). The quenching concentration of Ce3+ was determined to be ˜1.0 at% (y = 0.01) and the quenching mechanism was suggested to be driven by exchange interactions. The best luminescent [(Gd0.9Lu0.1)0.99Ce0.01]AG phosphor is comparative to the well-known YAG:Ce3+ in emission intensity but has a substantially red-shifted emission band that is desired for warm-white lighting. The effects of processing temperature (1000-1500 °C) on the spectroscopic properties of the phosphors, especially those of Lu3+/Ce3+, were thoroughly investigated and discussed from the centroid position and crystal field splitting of the Ce3+ 5d energy levels.

68Ga/177Lu-NeoBOMB1, a Novel Radiolabeled GRPR Antagonist for Theranostic Use in Oncology.

PubMed

Dalm, Simone U; Bakker, Ingrid L; de Blois, Erik; Doeswijk, Gabriela N; Konijnenberg, Mark W; Orlandi, Francesca; Barbato, Donato; Tedesco, Mattia; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold A; de Jong, Marion

2017-02-01

Because overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has been reported on various cancer types, for example, prostate cancer and breast cancer, targeting this receptor with radioligands might have a significant impact on staging and treatment of GRPR-expressing tumors. NeoBOMB1 is a novel DOTA-coupled GRPR antagonist with high affinity for GRPR and excellent in vivo stability. The purpose of this preclinical study was to further explore the use of NeoBOMB1 for theranostic application by determining the biodistribution of 68 Ga-NeoBOMB1 and 177 Lu-NeoBOMB1. PC-3 tumor-xenografted BALB/c nu/nu mice were injected with either approximately 13 MBq/250 pmol 68 Ga-NeoBOMB1 or a low (∼1 MBq/200 pmol) versus high (∼1 MBq/10 pmol) peptide amount of 177 Lu-NeoBOMB1, after which biodistribution and imaging studies were performed. At 6 time points (15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min for 68 Ga-NeoBOMB1 and 1, 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h for 177 Lu-NeoBOMB1) postinjection tumor and organ uptake was determined. To assess receptor specificity, additional groups of animals were coinjected with an excess of unlabeled NeoBOMB1. Results of the biodistribution studies were used to determine pharmacokinetics and dosimetry. Furthermore, PET/CT and SPECT/MRI were performed. Injection of approximately 250 pmol 68 Ga-NeoBOMB1 resulted in a tumor and pancreas uptake of 12.4 ± 2.3 and 22.7 ± 3.3 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) of tissue, respectively, at 120 min after injection. 177 Lu-NeoBOMB1 biodistribution studies revealed a higher tumor uptake (17.9 ± 3.3 vs. 11.6 ± 1.3 %ID/g of tissue at 240 min after injection) and a lower pancreatic uptake (19.8 ± 6.9 vs. 105 ± 13 %ID/g of tissue at 240 min after injection) with the higher peptide amount injected, leading to a significant increase in the absorbed dose to the tumor versus the pancreas (200 pmol, 570 vs. 265 mGy/MBq; 10 pmol, 435 vs. 1393 mGy/MBq). Using these data to predict patient dosimetry, we found

PET attenuation correction for rigid MR Tx/Rx coils from 176Lu background activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lerche, Christoph W.; Kaltsas, Theodoris; Caldeira, Liliana; Scheins, Jürgen; Rota Kops, Elena; Tellmann, Lutz; Pietrzyk, Uwe; Herzog, Hans; Shah, N. Jon

2018-02-01

One challenge for PET-MR hybrid imaging is the correction for attenuation of the 511 keV annihilation radiation by the required RF transmit and/or RF receive coils. Although there are strategies for building PET transparent Tx/Rx coils, such optimised coils still cause significant attenuation of the annihilation radiation leading to artefacts and biases in the reconstructed activity concentrations. We present a straightforward method to measure the attenuation of Tx/Rx coils in simultaneous MR-PET imaging based on the natural 176Lu background contained in the scintillator of the PET detector without the requirement of an external CT scanner or PET scanner with transmission source. The method was evaluated on a prototype 3T MR-BrainPET produced by Siemens Healthcare GmbH, both with phantom studies and with true emission images from patient/volunteer examinations. Furthermore, the count rate stability of the PET scanner and the x-ray properties of the Tx/Rx head coil were investigated. Even without energy extrapolation from the two dominant γ energies of 176Lu to 511 keV, the presented method for attenuation correction, based on the measurement of 176Lu background attenuation, shows slightly better performance than the coil attenuation correction currently used. The coil attenuation correction currently used is based on an external transmission scan with rotating 68Ge sources acquired on a Siemens ECAT HR  +  PET scanner. However, the main advantage of the presented approach is its straightforwardness and ready availability without the need for additional accessories.

Lattice stabilities, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Al3Tm and Al3Lu intermetallics under high pressure from first-principles calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu-Dong, Zhang; Wei, Jiang

2016-02-01

The effects of high pressure on lattice stability, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of L12 structure Al3Tm and Al3Lu are studied by first-principles calculations within the VASP code. The phonon dispersion curves and density of phonon states are calculated by using the PHONONPY code. Our results agree well with the available experimental and theoretical values. The vibrational properties indicate that Al3Tm and Al3Lu keep their dynamical stabilities in L12 structure up to 100 GPa. The elastic properties and Debye temperatures for Al3Tm and Al3Lu increase with the increase of pressure. The mechanical anisotropic properties are discussed by using anisotropic indices AG, AU, AZ, and the three-dimensional (3D) curved surface of Young’s modulus. The calculated results show that Al3Tm and Al3Lu are both isotropic at 0 GPa and anisotropic under high pressure. In the present work, the sound velocities in different directions for Al3Tm and Al3Lu are also predicted under high pressure. We also calculate the thermodynamic properties and provide the relationships between thermal parameters and temperature/pressure. These results can provide theoretical support for further experimental work and industrial applications. Project supported by the Scientific Technology Plan of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province and Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University, China (Grant No. LT2014004) and the Program for the Young Teacher Cultivation Fund of Shenyang University of Technology, China (Grant No. 005612).

[Preliminary investigation on the materia medica of the Zhuang ethnic group].

PubMed

Rong, Xiao-Xiang; Li, Gui

2013-09-01

By Zhuang materia medica, it refers to application of medicines under the instructions of medical theory of Zhuang ethnic group. By studying the pronunciation of the Zhuang language for the terms "zhu yu", "bai jiu", and "mi gu" included in the shan hai jing nan shan jing (The Classic of Southern Mountain in Classic of Seas and Mountains) carried out by the Zhuang scholar Qin Bao-lin, it was concluded that the Zhuang minority already applied medicines early in the pre-Qin period. Through extensive cultural communication in different regions in the Wei-Jin-Southern-Northern Dynasties, the medicinal experiences of the Zhuang ethnic group appeared in ancient literature. The antidotes in Zhou hou fang (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency), for instance, were mostly coming from the Southern Ridge area. Since the Sui-Tang Dynasties, many materia medica recorded in the herbal works and regional gazetteers, and Annals such as the Guangxi Annals, Gazetteer of Nanning County, and Gazetteer of Liuzhou County, Gazetteer of Binzhou County etc., also carry medicines such as Cinnamom twigs and bark, and mangosteen etc., which are similar to those of the Zhuang medicines. In the Republican period, many manuscripts of Zhuang medicines appeared. After 1949, many institutions of Zhuang medicine were set up successively, including The Nanning Medical Institute, The Medical Institute of Wuzhou, The Medical Institute of Guilin. Systematic researches were also done, with publication of a series of works on Zhuang materia medica. Reformation of part of the prescription forms of Zhuang medicine were also accomplished.

The cost-effectiveness analysis of JinQi Jiangtang tablets for the treatment on prediabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter design.

PubMed

Sun, Xiao; Guo, Liping; Shang, Hongcai; Ren, Ming; Wang, Yue; Huo, Da; Lei, Xiang; Wang, Hui; Zhai, Jingbo

2015-11-03

reduced the incidence of diabetes mellitus and enhanced reversion rate. compared with the control group (p< 0.05); the scores of SF-36 of two groups had no significant difference P> 0.05); finally the compliance of participants between the two groups had no significant difference. The cost-effectiveness analysis outcomes:in the intervention period of 12 months,on the aspect of reversion rate, the treatment group had better economic advantage by using cost-effectiveness ratio and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio;on the aspect of the incidence of diabetes, the control group had better economic advantage by using cost-effectiveness ratio and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; in the follow-up period of 24 months, on the aspect of reversion rate, the treatment group had better economic advantage by using cost-effectiveness ratio and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, on the aspect of the incidence of diabetes, the control group had better economic advantage by using cost-effectivenes ratio and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.At the same time, these outcomes remained the same by sensitivity analysis. Assuming that prices and resident incomes rose 5%, the sensitiveness analysis shows that the two group affected by the paremeters changed little. The importance and effectiveness of lifestyle education and JinQi Jiangtang tablets was proven. In both the intervention period and follow-up, JinQi Jiangtang tablets combined with lifestyle education had a greater cost advantage effect than the lifestyle education alone on the reversion rate; the lifestyle education had a greater cost advantage effect than the JinQi Jiangtang tablets combined with lifestyle education on the incidence of diabetes. Chinese Clinical Trials ChiCTR-TRC-09000401 ) , registered on 25 May 2009.

Optical Temperature Sensor Based on Infrared Excited Green Upconversion Emission in Hexagonal Phase NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Nanorods.

PubMed

Li, Dongyu; Tian, Linlin; Huang, Zhen; Shao, Lexi; Quan, Jun; Wang, Yuxiao

2016-04-01

Hexagonal phase NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanorods were synthesized hydrothermally. An analysis of the intense green upconversion emissions at 525 nm and 550 nm in hexagonal phase NaLuF4:Yb3/+Er3+ nanorods under excitation power density of 4.2 W/cm2 available from a diode laser emitting at 976 nm, have been undertaken. Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) variation of temperature-sensitive green upconversion emissions at 525 nm and 550 nm in this material was recorded in the physiological range from 295 to 343 K. The maximum sensitivity derived from the FIR technique of the green upconversion emissions is approximately 0.0044 K-1. Experimental results implied that hexagonal phase NaLuF4:Yb3/+Er3+ nanorods was a potential candidate for optical temperature sensor.

Efficient high-resolution hard x-ray imaging with transparent Lu2O3:Eu scintillator thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marton, Zsolt; Miller, Stuart R.; Brecher, Charles; Kenesei, Peter; Moore, Matthew D.; Woods, Russell; Almer, Jonathan D.; Miceli, Antonino; Nagarkar, Vivek V.

2015-09-01

We have developed microstructured Lu2O3:Eu scintillator films that provide spatial resolution on the order of micrometers for hard X-ray imaging. In addition to their outstanding resolution, Lu2O3:Eu films also exhibits both high absorption efficiency for 20 to 100 keV X-rays, and bright 610 nm emission whose intensity rivals that of the brightest known scintillators. At present, high spatial resolution of such a magnitude is achieved using ultra-thin scintillators measuring only about 1 to 5 μm in thickness, which limits absorption efficiency to ~3% for 12 keV X-rays and less than 0.1% for 20 to 100 keV X-rays; this results in excessive measurement time and exposure to the specimen. But the absorption efficiency of Lu2O3:Eu (99.9% @12 keV and 30% @ 70 keV) is much greater, significantly decreasing measurement time and radiation exposure. Our Lu2O3:Eu scintillator material, fabricated by our electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process, combines superior density of 9.5 g/cm3, a microcolumnar structure for higher spatial resolution, and a bright emission (48000 photons/MeV) whose wavelength is an ideal match for the underlying CCD detector array. We grew thin films of this material on a variety of matching substrates, measuring some 5-10μm in thickness and covering areas up to 1 x 1 cm2, which can be a suitable basis for microtomography, digital radiography as well as CT and hard X-ray Micro-Tomography (XMT). The microstructure and optical transparency of such screens was optimized, and their imaging performance was evaluated in the Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source. Spatial resolution and efficiency were also characterized.

Synthesis of Multicolor Core/Shell NaLuF4:Yb3+/Ln3+@CaF2 Upconversion Nanocrystals

PubMed Central

Li, Hui; Hao, Shuwei; Yang, Chunhui; Chen, Guanying

2017-01-01

The ability to synthesize high-quality hierarchical core/shell nanocrystals from an efficient host lattice is important to realize efficacious photon upconversion for applications ranging from bioimaging to solar cells. Here, we describe a strategy to fabricate multicolor core @ shell α-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Ln3+@CaF2 (Ln = Er, Ho, Tm) upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) based on the newly established host lattice of sodium lutetium fluoride (NaLuF4). We exploited the liquid-solid-solution method to synthesize the NaLuF4 core of pure cubic phase and the thermal decomposition approach to expitaxially grow the calcium fluoride (CaF2) shell onto the core UCNCs, yielding cubic core/shell nanocrystals with a size of 15.6 ± 1.2 nm (the core ~9 ± 0.9 nm, the shell ~3.3 ± 0.3 nm). We showed that those core/shell UCNCs could emit activator-defined multicolor emissions up to about 772 times more efficient than the core nanocrystals due to effective suppression of surface-related quenching effects. Our results provide a new paradigm on heterogeneous core/shell structure for enhanced multicolor upconversion photoluminescence from colloidal nanocrystals. PMID:28336867

Genetic trail for the early migrations of Aisin Gioro, the imperial house of the Qing dynasty.

PubMed

Wei, Lan-Hai; Yan, Shi; Yu, Ge; Huang, Yun-Zhi; Yao, Da-Li; Li, Shi-Lin; Jin, Li; Li, Hui

2017-03-01

The House of Aisin Gioro, the imperial clan of Qing dynasty (1644-1911), affected the history of China and the formation of Manchu ethnicity greatly. However, owing to the lack of historical records and archeological evidences, the origin of the House of Aisin Gioro remains ambiguous. To clarify the origin of Aisin Gioro clan, we conducted whole Y-chromosome sequencing on three samples and Y-single-nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) genotyping on other four samples beside those reported in previous work. We confirmed that the paternal lineage of the Aisin Gioro clan belongs to haplogroup C3b1a3a2-F8951, a brother branch of C3*-Star Cluster (currently named as C3b1a3a1-F3796, once linked to Genghis Khan), which is quite different from the predominant lineage C3c-M48 in other Tungusic-speaking populations. We also determined a series of unique Y-SNP markers for the Aisin Gioro clan. Diversity analyses of haplogroup C3b1a3a2-F8951 revealed the early migration of the ancestors of the Aisin Gioro clan from the middle reaches of Amur River to their later settlement in southeastern Manchuria. Hence, our results suggest that the Aisin Gioro clan may be descendants of ancient populations in Transbaikal region and closely related to origin of current Daur populations. Our research indicated that detailed research of stemma and deep sequencing of Y chromosomes are helpful to explore the prehistoric activities of populations lacking historical records and archeological evidences.

Chemopreventive effects of Ku-jin tea against AOM-induced precancerous colorectal lesions in rats and metabolomic analysis.

PubMed

Bi, Wu; Liu, Haibo; Shen, Jie; Zhang, Ling-Hua; Li, Pei; Peng, Bing; Cao, Li; Zhang, Pengfei; He, Chunnian; Xiao, Peigen

2017-11-21

Ku-jin tea (KJT) is a health beverage prepared from the leaves of the plant Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala that has been consumed in some regions of China for thousands of years. KJT contains high levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative compounds such as ginnalins, but little is known about the chemopreventive effect of KJT on colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of KJT on colon carcinogenesis using the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced precancerous colorectal lesion model in rats. The results showed that the number of aberrant crypts, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypts/focus in rats of the KJT + AOM group were significantly decreased compared with rats of the AOM group (p < 0.01). Further exploration of the prevention mechanism of KJT by UPLC-QTOF/MS-based urinary metabolomics showed that 5 metabolic pathways were modulated, including purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, in the group with KJT. In addition, the levels of the immunomodulatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-10 were significantly decreased, and the levels of IL-2 in the serum of AOM rats increased after KJT treatment. Our present data suggest that KJT can inhibit AOM-induced colonic ACF formation and might be a useful chemopreventive agent against colorectal carcinogenesis.

Agro-pastoral expansion and land use/land cover (LU/LC) change dynamics in Central-western Brazil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanga-Ngoie, K.; Yoshikawa, S.; Kanae, S.

2011-12-01

In Brazil, large-scale land cover changes following extensive deforestations are expected to generate big impacts onto the climate and the environment over this area, with eventually many negative feedbacks on the global scale. Mato Grosso State, located in the central western Brazil, is known to be the Brazilian state with the highest deforestation rate. Land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes have been reported to occur over large areas in this state due to the introduction of large-scale mechanized agriculture, extensive cattle ranching and uncontrolled slash-and-burn cultivation since the 1980s. In this study, we specifically aim at doing more detailed analysis for the causes of deforestation and savannization in this area, with special attention to agriculture and cattle ranching industry at the municipal district level in this state. Using GIS techniques and remotely-sensed NOAA/AVHRR data, we created 5-year Digital Vegetation Model Maps characterizing LU/LC features for every five years during the 1981-2001 periods using the PCA first components of the NOAA/AVHRR multi-spectral data. Our results make it clear that: (1) LU/LC changes among the phases are of the following 3 major types: degradation, recovery or transition; (2) The changes in LU/LC features are concomitant with the advance of cattle ranching and corn production activities toward the northern parts of the state, and with the expansion of soybean production in the central and western Mato Grosso; (3) Most of the agro-pastoral business are found in the southern Mato Grosso where about 46% of the state's deforestation during the 1981-2001 period occurred; (4) Rates of vegetation change are larger over non-inhabited areas (56%), especially in the north, than over the populated zones in the south (42%). Moreover, this work sheds some new light on the patterns of the changes in LU/LC features (deforestation and savannization) for each municipal district of Mato Grosso. In general, the following activities

Heavy ion irradiation-induced microstructural evolution in pyrochlore Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} at room temperature and 723 K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Q.R.; Zhang, J., E-mail: zhangjian@xmu.edu.cn; Dong, X.N.

Polycrystalline pyrochlore Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pellets were irradiated with 600 keV Kr{sup 3+} at room temperature and 723 K to a fluence of 4×10{sup 15} ions/cm{sup 2}, corresponding to an average ballistic damage dose of 10 displacements per atom in the peak damage region. Irradiation-induced microstructural evolution was examined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Incomplete amorphization was observed in the sample irradiated at room temperature due to the formation of nano-crystal which has the identical structure of pyrochlore, and the formation of nano-crystal is attributed to the mechanism of epitaxial recrystallization. However, an orderedmore » pyrochlore phase to a swelling disordered fluorite phase transformation is occurred for the Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} sample irradiated at 723 K, which is due to the disordering of metal cations and anion vacancies. - Graphical Abstract: Polycrystalline pyrochlore Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pellets were irradiated with 600 keV Kr{sup 3+} to a fluence of 4×10{sup 15} ions/cm{sup 2} at room temperature and 723 K, Incomplete amorphization was observed in the sample irradiated at room temperature due to the formation of nano-crystal. However, an ordered pyrochlore phase to a swelling disordered fluorite phase transformation is occurred for the Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} sample irradiated at 723 K, which is due to the disordering of metal cations and anion vacancies. - Highlights: Pyrochlore Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pellets were irradiated by heavy ions at RT and 723 K. At RT irradiation, ~75% of amorphization was achieved. The nano-crystals were formed in the damage layer at RT irradiation. The formed nano-crystals enhanced the radiation tolerance of Lu{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}. A pyrochlore to fluorite phase transformation was observed at 723 K irradiation.« less

German Multicenter Study Investigating 177Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients.

PubMed

Rahbar, Kambiz; Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Kratochwil, Clemens; Haberkorn, Uwe; Schäfers, Michael; Essler, Markus; Baum, Richard P; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Schmidt, Matthias; Drzezga, Alexander; Bartenstein, Peter; Pfestroff, Andreas; Luster, Markus; Lützen, Ulf; Marx, Marlies; Prasad, Vikas; Brenner, Winfried; Heinzel, Alexander; Mottaghy, Felix M; Ruf, Juri; Meyer, Philipp Tobias; Heuschkel, Martin; Eveslage, Maria; Bögemann, Martin; Fendler, Wolfgang Peter; Krause, Bernd Joachim

2017-01-01

177 Lu-labeled PSMA-617 is a promising new therapeutic agent for radioligand therapy (RLT) of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Initiated by the German Society of Nuclear Medicine, a retrospective multicenter data analysis was started in 2015 to evaluate efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 in a large cohort of patients. One hundred forty-five patients (median age, 73 y; range, 43-88 y) with mCRPC were treated with 177 Lu-PSMA-617 in 12 therapy centers between February 2014 and July 2015 with 1-4 therapy cycles and an activity range of 2-8 GBq per cycle. Toxicity was categorized by the common toxicity criteria for adverse events (version 4.0) on the basis of serial blood tests and the attending physician's report. The primary endpoint for efficacy was biochemical response as defined by a prostate-specific antigen decline ≥ 50% from baseline to at least 2 wk after the start of RLT. A total of 248 therapy cycles were performed in 145 patients. Data for biochemical response in 99 patients as well as data for physician-reported and laboratory-based toxicity in 145 and 121 patients, respectively, were available. The median follow-up was 16 wk (range, 2-30 wk). Nineteen patients died during the observation period. Grade 3-4 hematotoxicity occurred in 18 patients: 10%, 4%, and 3% of the patients experienced anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, respectively. Xerostomia occurred in 8%. The overall biochemical response rate was 45% after all therapy cycles, whereas 40% of patients already responded after a single cycle. Elevated alkaline phosphatase and the presence of visceral metastases were negative predictors and the total number of therapy cycles positive predictors of biochemical response. The present retrospective multicenter study of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 RLT demonstrates favorable safety and high efficacy exceeding those of other third-line systemic therapies in mCRPC patients. Future phase II/III studies are warranted to

Comparison of sequential planar 177Lu-DOTA-TATE dosimetry scans with 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT images in patients with metastasized neuroendocrine tumours undergoing peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

PubMed

Sainz-Esteban, Aurora; Prasad, Vikas; Schuchardt, Christiane; Zachert, Carolin; Carril, José Manuel; Baum, Richard P

2012-03-01

The aim of the study was to compare sequential (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE planar scans ((177)Lu-DOTA-TATE) in patients with metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NET) acquired during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for dosimetry purposes with the pre-therapeutic (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE positron emission tomography (PET)/CT ((68)Ga-DOTA-TATE) maximum intensity projection (MIP) images obtained in the same patients concerning the sensitivity of the different methods. A total of 44 patients (59 ± 11 years old) with biopsy-proven NET underwent (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE and (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE imaging within 7.9 ± 7.5 days between the two examinations. (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE planar images were acquired at 0.5, 2, 24, 48 and 72 h post-injection; lesions were given a score from 0 to 4 depending on the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical (0 being lowest and 4 highest). The number of tumour lesions which were identified on (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE scans (in relation to the acquisition time after injection of the therapeutic dose as well as with regard to the body region) was compared to those detected on (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE studies obtained before PRRT. A total of 318 lesions were detected; 280 (88%) lesions were concordant. Among the discordant lesions, 29 were (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE positive and (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE negative, whereas 9 were (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE negative and (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE positive. The sensitivity, positive predictive value and accuracy for (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE as compared to (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE were 91, 97 and 88%, respectively. Significantly more lesions were seen on the delayed (72 h) (177)Lu-DOTA-TATE images (91%) as compared to the immediate (30 min) images (68%). The highest concordance was observed for bone metastases (97%) and the lowest for head/neck lesions (75%). Concordant lesions (n = 77; mean size 3.8 cm) were significantly larger than discordant lesions (n = 38; mean size 1.6 cm) (p < 0.05). No such significance was found for differences in maximum standardized uptake value (SUV

Detection of Schistosoma Antibodies and exploration of associated factors among local residents around Inlay Lake, Southern Shan State, Myanmar.

PubMed

Soe, Htin Zaw; Oo, Cho Cho; Myat, Tin Ohn; Maung, Nay Soe

2017-03-01

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. Its transmission has been reported in 78 countries affecting at least 258 million people world-wide. It was documented that S. japonicum species was prevalent in Shan State, Myanmar, but the serological study was not conducted yet. General objective of the present study was to detect schistosoma antibodies and explore associated factors among local residents living around Inlay Lake, Nyaung Shwe Township, and Southern Shan State, Myanmar. An exploratory and cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among local residents (n = 315) in selected rural health center (RHC) areas from December 2012 through June 2013. The participants were interviewed with pretested semi-structured questionnaires and their blood samples (serum) were tested using Schistosomiasis Serology Microwell ELISA test kits (sensitivity 100% and specificity 85%) which detected IgG antibodies but could not distinguish between a new and past infection. Data collected were analysed by SPSS software 16.0 and associations of variables were determined by Chi-squared test with a significant level set at 0.05. Schistosoma seroprevalence (IgG) in study area was found to be 23.8% (95% CI: 18.8-28.8%). The present study is the first and foremost study producing serological evidence of schistosoma infection-one of the neglected tropical diseases-in local people of Myanmar. The factors significantly associated with seropositivity were being male [OR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.5-4.49), P < 0.001], residence [OR = 3.41 (95% CI: 1.6-7.3), P < 0.05 for Khaung Daing vs. Min Chaung] and education levels [OR = 4.5 (95% CI: 1.18-17.16), P < 0.05 for illiterate/3Rs level vs. high/graduate and OR = 3.16 (95% CI: 1.26-7.93), P < 0.05 for primary/middle level vs. high/graduate] all factors classically associated with risk of schistosoma infection. None of the behavioural factors tested

Isomeric ratio measurements for the radiative neutron capture 176Lu(n ,γ ) at the LANL DANCE facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denis-Petit, D.; Roig, O.; Méot, V.; Morillon, B.; Romain, P.; Jandel, M.; Kawano, T.; Vieira, D. J.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A. J.; Haight, R. C.; Keksis, A. L.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.

2016-11-01

The isomeric ratios for the neutron capture reaction 176Lu(n ,γ ) to the Jπ=5 /2- , 761.7 keV, T1 /2=32.8 ns and the Jπ=15 /2+ , 1356.9 keV, T1 /2=11.1 ns levels of 177Lu have been measured for the first time. The experiment was carried out with the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Measured isomeric ratios are compared with talys calculations using different models for photon strength functions, level densities, and optical potentials. In order to reproduce the experimental γ -ray spectra, a low-energy resonance must be added in the photon strength function used in our Hauser-Feshbach calculations.

Family history in breast cancer in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

PubMed

Ribeiro, Maria Hilda Araújo; da Silva, Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto; Muniz Filho, Walbert Edson; Nascimento, Anna Cyntia Brandão; Souza, Rodrigo Duart Martins; Machado, Carlos Eduardo Everton; Silva, Dulcelena Ferreira; de Barros Bezerra, Geusa Felipa; de Castro Viana, Graça Maria; Soares Brandão Nascimento, Maria do Desterro

2016-03-10

Familial cancer includes some types of cancer aggregation without a well-defined inheritance pattern. Cancer genetics is an essential component of clinical practice in oncology. In Brazil, breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. In Maranhão, studies on genetic predisposition are necessary to investigate the incidence and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to investigate familial cancer among relatives of women who died of breast cancer in São Luís, Brazil, constructing a pedigree to identify families with a hereditary predisposition, an important step in the early diagnosis of malignant tumors. The city of São Luís is located on the Island of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, with a population of 997,098 inhabitants mainly comprising blacks and mulattoes, including descendants of runaway slaves from the Amazon region itself. Data for pedigree construction were obtained from the records of 54 patients seen at the Aldenora Bello Institute of Oncology, São Luís, between 2000 and 2007, as well as by interview with relatives of the patients. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 39.5 years. Most women were mulattoes (36/54, 66.6%). A history of cancer was observed in 18 families, with 16 families possessing cases of cancer among first-degree relatives and five among second-degree relatives. A concentration of cancer cases was found in families of patients diagnosed until the age of 40, a finding demonstrating the importance of a family history prior to genetic counseling.

Facile synthesis and color-tunable properties of BaLuF5:Ce,Tb,Eu(Sm) submicrospheres via a facile ionic liquid/EG two-phase system.

PubMed

Song, Yanhua; Li, Yi; Zhao, Tianqi; Wang, Yuexin; Cui, Tingting; Sheng, Ye; Zheng, Keyan; Zhou, Xiuqing; You, Hongpeng; Zou, Haifeng

2017-02-01

BaLuF 5 :Ce,Tb,Eu(Sm) submicrospheres were synthesized via an ILs/ethylene glycol(EG) two-phase system. The crystalline phase, size, morphology, and luminescence properties were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Omim]PF 6 ) was used as fluoride source and capping agent to tune morphology and size of the crystals. The formation mechanism has been supposed. Under the excitation of ultraviolet, the BaLuF 5 :5%Ce 3+ ,5%Tb 3+ , BaLuF 5 :Eu 3+ , and BaLuF 5 :5%Ce 3+ ,5%Sm 3+ exhibit green and red emission, which was derived from Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3+ emission. When codoping Ce 3+ , Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ or Eu 3+ together, multi-color emission can be realized. Furthermore, this synthetic route may have potential applications for fabricating other lanthanide fluorides. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Leaf Morphological Characters Can Be a Factor for Intra-Varietal Preference of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) among Eggplant Varieties.

PubMed

Hasanuzzaman, Abu Tayeb Mohammad; Islam, Md Nazrul; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Chen-Yang; Liu, Tong-Xian

2016-01-01

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MEAM1, is considered a serious pest of horticultural and many other crops. While eggplant (Solanum melongena) is one of the most favored host plants, the whiteflies exhibit preferences among different varieties. We hypothesized that certain morphological leaf characteristics of different varieties, like leaf trichome density, trichome length, leaf lamina thickness and leaf color, may affect whitefly landing, feeding and oviposition. In this study, we investigated the variation in leaf morphological characters among selected eggplant varieties and evaluated the effect of these leaf characteristics in rendering eggplant varieties either susceptible or resistant to B. tabaci. We evaluated eight eggplant varieties in choice feeding tests, and we found that the varieties JinSheng Zilongchangqie (JSZ) and H149 were the highly preferred varieties with the highest numbers of whitefly adults and eggs. Significantly lower numbers of whitefly adult eggs were found on the resistant variety Tuo Lu Bamu (TLB). The varieties JinGuangbo Luqie (JGL), JinGuangbo Ziquanqie (JGZ), DaYang Ziguanqie (DYZ), QinXing Ziguanqie (QXZ), and QinXing Niuxinqie (QXN) were moderately favored by B. tabaci. Leaf trichome density, trichome length and leaf lamina thickness were positively correlated with numbers of whitefly adults and eggs. B. tabaci was less attracted to the leaves that reflect long and middle wavelength light (higher R and G values) than to the bright green leaves (medium G value), but the short wavelength light (higher B value) had no significant effect on whitefly preference. The degree of hue had a positive effect, and saturation and brightness had a negative effect on whitefly attraction.

Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Havenith, H.-B.; Strom, A.; Jongmans, D.; Abdrakhmatov, A.; Delvaux, D.; Tréfois, P.

Landslides triggered by strong earthquakes often caused most of the global damage and most of all casualties related to the events, such as shown by the M = 7.7 Peru earthquake in 1970, by the M = 7.6 El Salvador earthquake in 2001 or by the M = 7.4 Khait (Tajikistan) earthquake in 1949. The obvious impact of a landslide on the population is directly related to its movement. Yet, prediction of future failure potential and hence future risk to population is necessary in order to avoid further catastrophes and involves the analyses of the origin of seismic instability. The seismic landslide potential is mainly determined by the interaction between the regional seismic hazard and local geological conditions. At a local scale, seismic factors interfering with geological conditions can produce site-specific ground motions. The influence of such Site Effects on instability is the principal topic of this paper, which is divided into two parts, A and B. The present Part A is concerned with the correlation of field data with observed instability phenomena. Field data were obtained on mainly three landslide sites in the Northern Tien Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Geophysical prospecting, earthquake recordings, geological observation, trenching and geotechnical tests were the main investigation tools. The collected information gives an insight in the geological background of the slope failure and allows us to roughly infer failure mechanisms from field evidence. A detailed analysis of the susceptibility of a mechanism to specific geological conditions will be shown in Part B.

(177)Lu: DDEP Evaluation of the decay scheme for an emerging radiopharmaceutical.

PubMed

Kellett, M A

2016-03-01

A new decay scheme evaluation using the DDEP methodology for (177)Lu is presented. Recently measured half-life measurements have been incorporated, as well as newly available γ-ray emission probabilities. For the first time, a thorough investigation has been made of the γ-ray multipolarities. The complete data tables and detailed evaluator comments are available through the DDEP website. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neutron capture measurement on {sup 173}Lu at LANSCE with DANCE detector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Theroine, C.; Ebran, A.; Meot, V.

2013-06-10

The (n,{gamma}) cross section on the unstable {sup 173}Lu(t{sub 1/2} = 1.37y) has been measured from thermal energy up to 200 eV at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) with The Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiements (DANCE). The main aim of this study is to validate and optimize reaction models for unstable nucleus. A preliminary capture yield will be presented in this paper.

A Flexible CUDA LU-based Solver for Small, Batched Linear Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tumeo, Antonino; Gawande, Nitin A.; Villa, Oreste

This chapter presents the implementation of a batched CUDA solver based on LU factorization for small linear systems. This solver may be used in applications such as reactive flow transport models, which apply the Newton-Raphson technique to linearize and iteratively solve the sets of non linear equations that represent the reactions for ten of thousands to millions of physical locations. The implementation exploits somewhat counterintuitive GPGPU programming techniques: it assigns the solution of a matrix (representing a system) to a single CUDA thread, does not exploit shared memory and employs dynamic memory allocation on the GPUs. These techniques enable ourmore » implementation to simultaneously solve sets of systems with over 100 equations and to employ LU decomposition with complete pivoting, providing the higher numerical accuracy required by certain applications. Other currently available solutions for batched linear solvers are limited by size and only support partial pivoting, although they may result faster in certain conditions. We discuss the code of our implementation and present a comparison with the other implementations, discussing the various tradeoffs in terms of performance and flexibility. This work will enable developers that need batched linear solvers to choose whichever implementation is more appropriate to the features and the requirements of their applications, and even to implement dynamic switching approaches that can choose the best implementation depending on the input data.« less

Growth and luminescent properties of scintillators based on the single crystalline films of Lu{sub 3−x}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce garnet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zorenko, Yu, E-mail: zorenko@ukw.edu.pl; Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Electronics of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79017 Lviv; Gorbenko, V.

Highlights: • Single crystalline films of Lu{sub 3−x}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} garnets at x = 0 ÷ 3.0 were grown by LPE method onto YAG substrates. • Lattice constant of Lu{sub 3−}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce film and the misfit m between films and YAG substrate changed linearly with increasing of Gd content. • Effective Gd{sup 3+}–Ce{sup 3+} energy transfer occurs in the Lu{sub 3−x}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce films. • Best scintillation light yield is observed in the Lu{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce and Lu{sub 2.4}Gd{sub 0.6}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce films. • Increase of the Gd content in x = 1.5–2.5 range resultsmore » in decreasing the scintillation LY of Lu{sub 3−x}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce films. - Abstract: The work is related to the growth of scintillators based on the single crystalline films (SCF) of Ce{sup 3+} doped Lu{sub 3−}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} mixed rare-earth garnets by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method. We have shown, that full set of Lu{sub 3−}Gd{sub x}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} SCFs with x values ranging from 0 to 3.0 can be successfully crystallized by the LPE method onto Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (YAG) substrates from the melt-solutions based on PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} flux. The absorption, X-ray excited luminescence, photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and light yield measurements, the latter under excitation by α-particles of {sup 239}Pu and {sup 241}Am radioisotopes, were applied for their characterization.« less

Fate of Lu(III) sorbed on 2-line ferrihydrite at pH 5.7 and aged for 12 years at room temperature. II: insights from STEM-EDXS and DFT calculations.

PubMed

Yokosawa, Tadahiro; Prestat, Eric; Polly, Robert; Bouby, Muriel; Dardenne, Kathy; Finck, Nicolas; Haigh, Sarah J; Denecke, Melissa A; Geckeis, Horst

2018-04-18

Transformation products of two-line ferrihydrite associated with Lu(III) were studied after 12 years of aging using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), high-efficiency energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and density functional theory (DFT). The transformation products consisted of hematite nanoparticles with overgrown goethite needles. High-efficiency STEM-EDXS revealed that Lu is only associated with goethite needles, and atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM reveals structural incorporation of Lu within goethite, partially replacing structural Fe sites. This finding corroborates those recently obtained by AsFlFFF and EXAFS spectroscopy on the same sample (Finck et al. 2018). DFT calculations indicate that Lu incorporation within goethite or hematite are almost equally likely, suggesting that experimental parameters such as temperature and reaction time which affect reaction kinetics, play important roles in determining the Lu uptake. It seems likely that these results may be transferable to predict the behavior of chemically homologous trivalent actinides.

Structural, magnetic and magnetoreactance studies in NiFe2-xRxO4 (x = 0, 0.05; R = Y, Yb and Lu)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ugendar, Kodam; Chunchu, Venkatrao; Rani, G. Neeraja; Markaneyulu, G.

2018-04-01

Structural, magnetic and magnetoreactance (mr) properties of NiFe2-xRxO4 (x = 0, 0.05; R = Y, Yb and Lu) compounds were investigated and the results are discussed and presented in this paper. Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy revealed the cubic inverse spinel phase for all the compounds investigated. The former also identified small amounts of RFeO3 as the secondary phase. Lattice constant values were increased upon partial substitution of Fe3+ by R3+ (R = Y, Yb and Lu). Magnetization measurements revealed that the magnetic moment of R3+ (R = Y, Yb and Lu) substituted compounds decreased compared with NiFe2O4. mr was measured at 3 kHz and 3 MHz both longitudinal (LT) and transverse (TR) configuration. A maximum mr of 54 % was observed in Y3+ substituted NiFe2O4 in TR mode.

Standardization of Procedures for the Preparation of (177)Lu- and (90)Y-labeled DOTA-Rituximab Based on the Freeze-dried Kit Formulation.

PubMed

Wojdowska, Wioletta; Karczmarczyk, Urszula; Maurin, Michal; Garnuszek, Piotr; Mikołajczak, Renata

2015-01-01

Rituximab when radiolabelled with (177)Lu or (90)Y has been investigated for the treatment of patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. In this study, we optimized the preparation of antibody conjugates with chelating agent in the freeze-dried kit. It shortens procedures needed for the successful radiolabeling with lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 and assures reproducible labelling yields. Various molar ratios of Rituximab:DOTA (from 1:5 to 1:100) were used at the conjugation step and different purification method to remove unbound DOTA were investigated (size-exclusion chromatography, dialysis, ultrafiltration). The final monoclonal antibody concentration was quantified by Bradford method, and the number of DOTA molecules was determined by radiolabeling assay using (64)Cu. The specific activity of (177)Lu-DOTA-Rituximab and (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab were optimized using various amounts of radiometal. Quality control (SE-HPLC, ITLC) and stability study were performed. An average of 4.2 ± 0.8 p-SCN-Bz-DOTA molecules could be randomly conjugated to a single molecule of Rituximab. The ultrafiltration system was the most efficient for purification and resulted in the highest recovery efficiency (77.2%). At optimized conditions the (177)Lu-DOTARituximab and (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab were obtained with radiochemical purity >99% and specific activity ca. 600 MBq/mg. The radioimmunoconjugates were stable in human serum and 0.9% NaCl. After 72 h of incubation the radiochemical purity of (177)Lu-DOTA-Rituximab decreased to 94% but it was still more than 88% for (90)Y-DOTA-Rituximab. The radioimmunoconjugate showed stability after six months storage at 2 - 8(0)C, as a lyophilized formulation. Our study shows that Rituximab-DOTA can be efficiently radiolabeled with (177)Lu and (90)Y via p-SCN-Bn-DOTA using a freezedried kit.

Photoluminescence properties of phosphors based on Lu3+-stabilized Gd3Al5O12:Tb3+/Ce3+ garnet solid solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jinkai; Li, Ji-Guang; Li, Xiaodong; Sun, Xudong

2016-12-01

The Gd3Al5O12:Tb/Ce (GdAG:Tb/Ce) garnet solutions effectively stabilized by Lu3+ have been achieved by calcining their precursor at 1300 °C. Detailed characterizations are given to the materials in terms of XRD, FE-SEM, BET, PL/PLE, and fluorescence decay analysis. The occurrence of Gd3+ and Tb3+ transitions from the photoluminescence excitation spectrum monitoring the Ce3+ yellow emission strongly confirmed the efficient Gd3+ → Ce3+ and Tb3+ → Ce3+ energy transfer. The [(Gd0.8Lu0.2)0.99-xCe0.01Tbx]AG (x = 0-0.1) phosphors with good dispersion and uniform particle size exhibit various luminescent properties under different excitation wavelength of 275, 338, and 457 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence comparison indicated that owing to the Gd3+ → Ce3+ and Tb3+ → Ce3+ energy transfer, the best luminescent phosphor [(Gd0.8Lu0.2)0.89Ce0.01 Tb0.1]AG is almost identical to the well-known YAG:Ce, higher than LuAG:Ce in emission intensity, and has a substantially red-shifted emission band that is desired for warm-white lighting. The Tb3+ → Ce3+ energy transfer was suggested to be electric multipolar interactions, and the processes of energy migration among the optically active Gd3+, Tb3+, and Ce3+ ions were discussed in detail. Fluorescence decay analysis found the lifetime for the Ce3+ emission hardly changes with the Tb3+ incorporation. The [(Gd0.8Lu0.2)0.99-xCe0.01Tbx]AG garnets developed in this work may serve as a new type of phosphor that hopefully meets the requirements of various lighting, optical display, and scintillation applications.

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics of Korean spinel peridotites: A case for metasomatically induced Nd-Hf decoupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Sung Hi; Mukasa, Samuel B.

2012-12-01

We determined the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths in alkali basalts from Baengnyeong and Jeju islands, South Korea, to constrain the timing of melt-depletion events and stabilization of the lithospheric mantle beneath the region. Equilibration temperatures estimated by two-pyroxene thermometry range from 780 to 950 °C, and from 960 to 1010 °C for Baengnyeong and Jeju peridotites, respectively. The Baengnyeong peridotite clinopyroxenes are characterized by extremely radiogenic Hf in association with isotopically less extreme Nd, resulting in strong Nd-Hf decoupling referenced to the mantle array. This is in stark contrast to the well-correlated isotopic compositions of Hf and Nd in the Jeju peridotite clinopyroxenes, which plot along the Nd-Hf mantle array. The Hf abundances and isotopic compositions of the Baengnyeong clinopyroxenes were less affected by relatively recent secondary enrichments that overprinted the light rare earth element abundances and Nd isotopes, causing the decoupling of the Nd-Hf isotopes. The Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the Jeju peridotites appear to have been re-equilibrated, probably as a result of efficient diffusion at the relatively higher temperatures of the Jeju peridotites. Lu-Hf tie lines for clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from four of the Korean peridotites have negative slopes on a Lu-Hf isochron diagram, yielding negative ages. This is interpreted to indicate recent isotopic exchange in orthopyroxene by reaction with metasomatic agents having low 176Hf/177Hf components. Secondary overprinting in orthopyroxene was facilitated by the considerably lower Hf concentrations than in co-located clinopyroxene. Baengnyeong lherzolite clinopyroxenes yield a Lu-Hf errorchron age of 1.9 ± 0.1 Ga, which is independently supported by a model Os age (based on Re depletion or TRD) of 1.8 Ga on a refractory Baengnyeong peridotite. We interpret this age range to mark the time of stabilization of the mantle

Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics of Korean spinel peridotites: A case for metasomatically induced Nd-Hf decoupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, S.; Mukasa, S. B.

2012-12-01

We determined the Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths in alkali basalts from Baengnyeong and Jeju islands, South Korea, to constrain the timing of melt-depletion events and stabilization of the lithospheric mantle beneath the region. Equilibration temperatures estimated by two-pyroxene thermometry range from 780 to 950°C, and from 960 to 1010°C for Baengnyeong and Jeju peridotites, respectively. The Baengnyeong peridotite clinopyroxenes are characterized by extremely radiogenic Hf in association with isotopically less extreme Nd, resulting in strong Nd-Hf decoupling referenced to the mantle array. This is in stark contrast to the well-correlated isotopic compositions of Hf and Nd in the Jeju peridotite clinopyroxenes, which plot along the Nd-Hf mantle array. The Hf abundances and isotopic compositions of the Baengnyeong clinopyroxenes were less affected by relatively recent secondary enrichments that overprinted the light rare earth element abundances and Nd isotopes, causing the decoupling of the Nd-Hf isotopes. The Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the Jeju peridotites appear to have been re-equilibrated, probably as a result of efficient diffusion at the relatively higher temperatures of the Jeju peridotites. Lu-Hf tie lines for clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from four of the Korean peridotites have negative slopes on a Lu-Hf isochron diagram, yielding negative ages. This is interpreted to indicate recent isotopic exchange in orthopyroxene by reaction with metasomatic agents having low 176Hf/177Hf components. Secondary overprinting in orthopyroxene was facilitated by the considerably lower Hf concentrations than in co-located clinopyroxene. Baengnyeong lherzolite clinopyroxenes yield a Lu-Hf errorchron age of 1.9 ± 0.1 Ga, which is independently supported by a model Os age (based on Re depletion or TRD) of 1.8 Ga on a refractory Baengnyeong peridotite. We interpret this age range to mark the time of stabilization of the mantle

LuAG:Pr3+-porphyrin based nanohybrid system for singlet oxygen production: Toward the next generation of PDTX drugs.

PubMed

Popovich, Kseniya; Tomanová, Kateřina; Čuba, Václav; Procházková, Lenka; Pelikánová, Iveta Terezie; Jakubec, Ivo; Mihóková, Eva; Nikl, Martin

2018-02-01

A highly prospective drug for the X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (PDTX), LuAG:Pr 3+ @SiO 2 -PpIX nanocomposite, was successfully prepared by a three step process: photo-induced precipitation of the Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Pr 3+ (LuAG:Pr 3+ ) core, sol-gel technique for amorphous silica coating, and a biofunctionalization by attaching the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) molecules. The synthesis procedure provides three-layer nanocomposite with uniform shells covering an intensely luminescent core. Room temperature radioluminescence (RT RL) spectra as well as photoluminescence (RT PL) steady-state and time resolved spectra of the material confirm the non-radiative energy transfer from the core Pr 3+ ions to the PpIX outer layer. First, excitation of Pr 3+ ions results in the red luminescence of PpIX. Second, the decay measurements exhibit clear evidence of mentioned non-radiative energy transfer (ET). The singlet oxygen generation in the system was demonstrated by the 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) chemical probe sensitive to the singlet oxygen presence. The RT PL spectra of an X-ray irradiated material with the APF probe manifest the formation of singlet oxygen due to which enhanced luminescence around 530 nm is observed. Quenching studies, using NaN 3 as an 1 O 2 inhibitor, also confirm the presence of 1 O 2 in the system and rule out the parasitic reaction with OH radicals. To summarize, presented features of LuAG:Pr 3+ @SiO 2 -PpIX nanocomposite indicate its considerable potential for PDTX application. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of dead-time corrections for post-radionuclide-therapy (177)Lu quantitative imaging with low-energy high-resolution collimators.

PubMed

Celler, Anna; Piwowarska-Bilska, Hanna; Shcherbinin, Sergey; Uribe, Carlos; Mikolajczak, Renata; Birkenfeld, Bozena

2014-01-01

Dead-time (DT) effects rarely cause problems in diagnostic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies; however, in post-radionuclide-therapy imaging, DT can be substantial. Therefore, corrections may be necessary if quantitative images are used in image-based dosimetry or for evaluation of therapy outcomes. This task is particularly challenging if low-energy collimators are used. Our goal was to design a simple method to determine the dead-time correction factor (DTCF) without the need for phantom experiments and complex calculations. Planar and SPECT/CT scans of a water phantom containing a 70 ml bottle filled with lutetium-177 (Lu) were acquired over 60 days. Two small Lu markers were used in all scans. The DTCF based on the ratio of observed to true count rates measured over the entire spectrum and using photopeak primary photons only was estimated for phantom (DT present) and marker (no DT) scans. In addition, variations in counts in SPECT projections (potentially caused by varying bremsstrahlung and scatter) were investigated. For count rates that were about two-fold higher than typically seen in post-therapy Lu scans, the maximum DTCF reached a level of about 17%. The DTCF values determined directly from the phantom experiments using the total energy spectrum and photopeak counts only were equal to 13 and 16%, respectively. They were closely matched by those from the proposed marker-based method, which uses only two energy windows and measures photopeak primary photons (15-17%). A simple, marker-based method allowing for determination of the DTCF in high-activity Lu imaging studies has been proposed and validated using phantom experiments.

Robust tunability of magnetoresistance in half-Heusler R PtBi ( R = Gd , Dy, Tm, and Lu) compounds

DOE PAGES

Mun, Eundeok; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.

2016-03-15

We present the magnetic field dependencies of transport properties for RPtBi ( R = Gd, Dy, Tm, and Lu) half-Heusler compounds. Temperature- and field-dependent resistivity measurements of high-quality RPtBi single crystals reveal an unusually large, nonsaturating magnetoresistance (MR) up to 300 K under a moderate magnetic field of H = 140 kOe. At 300 K, the large MR effect decreases as the rare earth is traversed from Gd to Lu and the magnetic field dependence of MR shows a deviation from the conventional H2 behavior. The Hall coefficient ( RH) for R = Gd indicates a sign change around 120more » K, whereas RH curves for R = Dy, Tm, and Lu remain positive for all measured temperatures. At 300 K, the Hall resistivity reveals a deviation from the linear field dependence for all compounds. Thermoelectric power measurements on this family show strong temperature and magnetic field dependencies which are consistent with resistivity measurements. A highly enhanced thermoelectric power under applied magnetic field is observed as high as ~100 μV/K at 140 kOe. Furthermore, analysis of the transport data in this series reveals that the rare-earth-based half-Heusler compounds provide opportunities to tune MR effect through lanthanide contraction and to elucidate the mechanism of nontrivial MR.« less

Effects of biaxial strain on the improper multiferroicity in h – LuFe O 3 films studied using the restrained thermal expansion method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sinha, Kishan; Zhang, Yubo; Jiang, Xuanyuan

Elastic strain is potentially an important approach in tuning the properties of the improperly multiferroic hexagonal ferrites, the details of which have however been elusive due to the experimental difficulties. Employing the method of restrained thermal expansion, we have studied the effect of isothermal biaxial strain in the basal plane of h-LuFeO 3 (001) films. The results indicate that a compressive biaxial strain significantly enhances the K 3 structural distortion (the order parameter of the improper ferroelectricity), and the effect is larger at higher temperatures. The compressive biaxial strain and the enhanced K 3 structural distortion together, cause an increasemore » in the electric polarization and a reduction in the canting of the weak ferromagnetic moments in h-LuFeO 3, according to our first principle calculations. These findings are important for understanding the strain effect as well as the coupling between the lattice and the improper multiferroicity in h-LuFeO 3. Finally, the experimental elucidation of the strain effect in h-LuFeO 3 films also suggests that the restrained thermal expansion can be a viable method to unravel the strain effect in many other thin film materials.« less

Effects of biaxial strain on the improper multiferroicity in h – LuFe O 3 films studied using the restrained thermal expansion method

DOE PAGES

Sinha, Kishan; Zhang, Yubo; Jiang, Xuanyuan; ...

2017-03-14

Elastic strain is potentially an important approach in tuning the properties of the improperly multiferroic hexagonal ferrites, the details of which have however been elusive due to the experimental difficulties. Employing the method of restrained thermal expansion, we have studied the effect of isothermal biaxial strain in the basal plane of h-LuFeO 3 (001) films. The results indicate that a compressive biaxial strain significantly enhances the K 3 structural distortion (the order parameter of the improper ferroelectricity), and the effect is larger at higher temperatures. The compressive biaxial strain and the enhanced K 3 structural distortion together, cause an increasemore » in the electric polarization and a reduction in the canting of the weak ferromagnetic moments in h-LuFeO 3, according to our first principle calculations. These findings are important for understanding the strain effect as well as the coupling between the lattice and the improper multiferroicity in h-LuFeO 3. Finally, the experimental elucidation of the strain effect in h-LuFeO 3 films also suggests that the restrained thermal expansion can be a viable method to unravel the strain effect in many other thin film materials.« less

Efficient upconversion-pumped continuous wave Er3+:LiLuF4 lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moglia, Francesca; Müller, Sebastian; Reichert, Fabian; Metz, Philip W.; Calmano, Thomas; Kränkel, Christian; Heumann, Ernst; Huber, Günter

2015-04-01

We report on detailed spectroscopic investigations and efficient visible upconversion laser operation of Er3+:LiLuF4. This material allows for efficient resonant excited-state-absorption (ESA) pumping at 974 nm. Under spectroscopic conditions without external feedback, ESA at the laser wavelength of 552 nm prevails stimulated emission. Under lasing conditions in a resonant cavity, the high intracavity photon density bleaches the ESA at 552 nm, allowing for efficient cw laser operation. We obtained the highest output power of any room-temperature crystalline upconversion laser. The laser achieves a cw output power of 774 mW at a slope efficiency of 19% with respect to the incident pump power delivered by an optically-pumped semiconductor laser. The absorption efficiency of the pump radiation is estimated to be below 50%. To exploit the high confinement in waveguides for this laser, we employed femtosecond-laser pulses to inscribe a cladding of parallel tracks of modified material into Er3+:LiLuF4 crystals. The core material allows for low-loss waveguiding at pump and laser wavelengths. Under Ti:sapphire pumping at 974 nm, the first crystalline upconversion waveguide laser has been realized. We obtained waveguide-laser operation with up to 10 mW of output power at 553 nm.

Laser performance of in-band pumped Er : LiYF{sub 4} and Er : LiLuF{sub 4} crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gorbachenya, K N; Kisel, V E; Yasukevich, A S

2016-02-28

Spectroscopic properties of Er : LiLuF{sub 4} and Er : LiYF{sub 4} crystals in the spectral region near 1.5 μm and the lasing characteristics of these crystals under in-band pumping at a wavelength of 1522 nm are studied. With the Er : LiLuF{sub 4} crystal, the maximum slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 44% at a wavelength of 1609 nm. Continuous-wave operation of an inband pumped Er : LiYF{sub 4} laser is obtained for the first time. The output power at a wavelength of 1606 nm was 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 21%. (lasers)

Targeted radionuclide therapy with RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with (90)Y or (177)Lu in a mouse model of αvβ3-expressing tumours.

PubMed

Bozon-Petitprin, A; Bacot, S; Gauchez, A S; Ahmadi, M; Bourre, J C; Marti-Batlle, D; Perret, P; Broisat, A; Riou, L M; Claron, M; Boturyn, D; Fagret, D; Ghezzi, Catherine; Vuillez, J P

2015-02-01

The αvβ3 integrin plays an important role in tumour-induced angiogenesis, tumour proliferation, survival and metastasis. The tetrameric RGD-based peptide, regioselectively addressable functionalized template-(cyclo-[RGDfK])4 (RAFT-RGD), specifically targets the αvβ3 integrin in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with β(-) emitters in a nude mouse model of αvβ3 integrin-expressing tumours. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed after injection of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD in nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG cells. Experimental targeted radionuclide therapy with (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD and (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD (nonspecific controls) was evaluated by intravenous injection of the radionuclides into mice bearing αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG tumours of different sizes (small or large) or bearing TS/A-pc tumours that do not express αvβ3. Tumour volume doubling time was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. Injection of 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD into mice with large αvβ3-positive tumours or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD into mice with small αvβ3-positive tumours caused significant growth delays compared to mice treated with 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD or untreated mice. In contrast, injection of 30 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD had no effect on the growth of αvβ3-negative tumours. (90)Y-RAFT-RGD and (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD are potent agents targeting αvβ3-expressing tumours for internal targeted radiotherapy.

Synthesis, Structures, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Two-Dimensional Iodates Ln(IO) 3 and Ln(IO 3) 3(H 2O) ( Ln-Yb,Lu)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Assefa, Zerihun; Ling, Jie; Haire, Richard

2006-01-01

The reaction of Lu3+ or Yb3+ and H5IO6 in aqueous media at 180 C leads to the formation of Yb(IO3)3(H2O) or Lu(IO3)3(H2O), respectively, while the reaction of Yb metal with H5IO6 under similar reaction conditions gives rise to the anhydrous iodate, Yb(IO3)3. Under supercritical conditions Lu3+ reacts with HIO3 and KIO4 to yield the isostructural Lu(IO3)3. The structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data are (MoKa, {lambda}=0.71073 {angstrom}): Yb(IO3)3, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a=8.6664(9) {angstrom}, b=5.9904(6) {angstrom}, c=14.8826(15) {angstrom}, {beta}=96.931(2){sup o}, V=766.99(13), Z=4, R(F)=4.23% for 114 parameters with 1880 reflections with I>2s(I); Lu(IO3)3, monoclinic, space group P21/n,more » a=8.6410(9), b=5.9961(6), c=14.8782(16) {angstrom}, {beta}=97.028(2){sup o}, V=765.08(14), Z=4, R(F)=2.65% for 119 parameters with 1756 reflections with I>2s(I); Yb(IO3)3(H2O), monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=27.2476(15), b=5.6296(3), c=12.0157(7) {angstrom}, {beta}=98.636(1){sup o}, V=1822.2(2), Z=8, R(F)=1.51% for 128 parameters with 2250 reflections with I>2s(I); Lu(IO3)3(H2O), monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=27.258(4), b=5.6251(7), c=12.0006(16) {angstrom}, {beta}=98.704(2){sup o}, V=1818.8(4), Z=8, R(F)=1.98% for 128 parameters with 2242 reflections with I>2s(I). The f elements in all of the compounds are found in seven-coordinate environments and bridged with monodentate, bidentate, or tridentate iodate anions. Both Lu(IO3)3(H2O) and Yb(IO3)3(H2O) display distinctively different vibrational profiles from their respective anhydrous analogs. Hence, the Raman profile can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool to discern the different structural motifs of the compounds.« less

Growth of Nd doped (Lu, Gd)3(Ga, Al)5O12 single crystal by the micro pulling down method and their scintillation properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamada, Kei; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Yamaji, Akihiro; Shoji, Yasuhiro; Pejchal, Jan; Ohashi, Yuji; Yokota, Yuui; Yoshikawa, Akira

2015-03-01

Nd 1 mol% doped (Lu, Gd)3(Ga, Al)5O12 (LGGAG) single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. Luminescence and scintillation properties such as absorption, excitation and emission spectra, light yield and decay time were evaluated. Nd1%:Lu3Al5O12 showed the highest light output of around 8200 photons/MeV among the grown crystals. Scintillation decay time of Nd:Y3Al5O12 was 1.32 μs (36%) 2.02 μs (64%). Nd:Lu3Ga3Al2O12 was relatively high dense scintillator of 7.38 g/cm3 with good light yield of 6800 photons/MeV and scintillation decay time of 0.20 μs (5%) 2.60 μs (95%).

Phase transformation pathways of ultrafast-laser-irradiated Ln2O3 (Ln =Er -Lu )

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rittman, Dylan R.; Tracy, Cameron L.; Chen, Chien-Hung; Solomon, Jonathan M.; Asta, Mark; Mao, Wendy L.; Yalisove, Steven M.; Ewing, Rodney C.

2018-01-01

Ultrafast laser irradiation causes intense electronic excitations in materials, leading to transient high temperatures and pressures. Here, we show that ultrafast laser irradiation drives an irreversible cubic-to-monoclinic phase transformation in Ln2O3 (Ln =Er -Lu ), and explore the mechanism by which the phase transformation occurs. A combination of grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the magnitude and depth-dependence of the phase transformation, respectively. Although all compositions undergo the same transformation, their transformation mechanisms differ. The transformation is pressure-driven for Ln =Tm -Lu , consistent with the material's phase behavior under equilibrium conditions. However, the transformation is thermally driven for Ln =Er , revealing that the nonequilibrium conditions of ultrafast laser irradiation can lead to novel transformation pathways. Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations are used to examine the atomic-scale effects of electronic excitation, showing the production of oxygen Frenkel pairs and the migration of interstitial oxygen to tetrahedrally coordinated constitutional vacancy sites, the first step in a defect-driven phase transformation.

Vortex operation in Er:LuYAG crystal laser at ∼1.6 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Qiyao; Zhao, Yongguang; Zhou, Wei; Shen, Deyuan

2017-09-01

An Er3+-doped Lu1.5Y1.5Al5O12 (Er:LuYAG) solid-state laser with direct generation of optical vortex is reported. The vortex laser operation was realized through being pumped by an annular beam at 1532 nm, which was reformatted by a specially fabricated optical mirror. With two different laser output couplers of 10% and 20% transmissions, pure LG01 mode lasers with right-handedness at 1647.7 nm and 1619.5 nm were yielded from a simple two-mirror cavity, respectively, without any helicity control optical element. Furthermore, stable pulse trains at 1647.7 nm have been achieved via employing an acousto-optic Q-switch, and ∼0.66 mJ pulsed energy and ∼65 ns pulse duration were finally obtained at 1 kHz repetition rate, corresponding to a peak power of ∼10.2 kW. The generated pulse vortex maintained LG01 mode with well-determined right-handedness, as in the case of cw laser operation.

Effects of structural distortion induced by Sc substitution in LuFe2O4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Jinwon; Noh, Han-Jin; Kim, Sung Baek

2014-06-01

We have studied the correlation between the structural distortion and the electronic/magnetic properties in single-crystalline (Lu,Sc)Fe2O4 (Sc = 0.05 and 0.3) by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)/X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. The Rietveld structure analysis of the XRD patterns revealed that the Sc substitution induced an elongation of the FeO5 bipyramidal cages in LuFe2O4 and increased the Fe2O4 bilayer thickness. A non-negligible decrease in the ferrimagnetic transition temperature T C is observed in the magnetic susceptibility curve of the Sc = 0.3 sample, but the XAS/XMCD spectra do not show any difference except for a small reduction of dichroism signals at the Fe3+absorption edge. We interpret this suppression of TC to be the result of a decreased spin-orbit coupling effect in the Fe2+ e 1 g doublet under D 3 h symmetry, which is induced by the weakened structural asymmetry of the FeO5 bipyramids.

Impact of Lu/Gd ratio and activator concentration on structure and scintillation properties of LGSO:Ce crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidletskiy, O.; Bondar, V.; Grinyov, B.; Kurtsev, D.; Baumer, V.; Belikov, K.; Katrunov, K.; Starzhinsky, N.; Tarasenko, O.; Tarasov, V.; Zelenskaya, O.

2010-02-01

We have studied the dependence of structural and scintillation characteristics of Lu 2 xGd 2-2 xSiO 5:Ce (LGSO:Ce) crystals on cation composition. LGSO:Ce crystals at x=0-1 have been obtained by the Czochralski method. We report here a strong correlation between ionic radii of trivalent cations and their distribution between non-equivalent sites in lattice. By choosing the optimal Lu/Gd ratio and Ce concentration we were able to obtain the light output by˜70%, as compared to LSO:Ce crystals, and energy resolution ˜7 at% 662 KeV ( 137Cs); the afterglow level was decreased by 1-3 orders of magnitude as compared to LSO:Ce. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of control on scintillation characteristics of mixed orthosilicates.

Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism in Antiferromagnetic LuMnO3 Thin Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, J. S.; Bator, M.; Hu, Y.; Luetkens, H.; Stahn, J.; Capelli, S.; Das, S.; Döbeli, M.; Lippert, Th.; Malik, V. K.; Martynczuk, J.; Wokaun, A.; Kenzelmann, M.; Niedermayer, Ch.; Schneider, C. W.

2013-07-01

Single phase and strained LuMnO3 thin films are discovered to display coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders. A large moment ferromagnetism (≈1μB), which is absent in bulk samples, is shown to display a magnetic moment distribution that is peaked at the highly strained substrate-film interface. We further show that the strain-induced ferromagnetism and the antiferromagnetic order are coupled via an exchange field, therefore demonstrating strained rare-earth manganite thin films as promising candidate systems for new multifunctional devices.

Implementation of BT, SP, LU, and FT of NAS Parallel Benchmarks in Java

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schultz, Matthew; Frumkin, Michael; Jin, Hao-Qiang; Yan, Jerry

2000-01-01

A number of Java features make it an attractive but a debatable choice for High Performance Computing. We have implemented benchmarks working on single structured grid BT,SP,LU and FT in Java. The performance and scalability of the Java code shows that a significant improvement in Java compiler technology and in Java thread implementation are necessary for Java to compete with Fortran in HPC applications.