The color of complexes and UV-vis spectroscopy as an analytical tool of Alfred Werner's group at the University of Zurich.

PubMed

Fox, Thomas; Berke, Heinz

2014-01-01

Two PhD theses (Alexander Gordienko, 1912; Johannes Angerstein, 1914) and a dissertation in partial fulfillment of a PhD thesis (H. S. French, Zurich, 1914) are reviewed that deal with hitherto unpublished UV-vis spectroscopy work of coordination compounds in the group of Alfred Werner. The method of measurement of UV-vis spectra at Alfred Werner's time is described in detail. Examples of spectra of complexes are given, which were partly interpreted in terms of structure (cis ↔ trans configuration, counting number of bands for structural relationships, and shift of general spectral features by consecutive replacement of ligands). A more complete interpretation of spectra was hampered at Alfred Werner's time by the lack of a light absorption theory and a correct theory of electron excitation, and the lack of a ligand field theory for coordination compounds. The experimentally difficult data acquisitions and the difficult spectral interpretations might have been reasons why this method did not experience a breakthrough in Alfred Werner's group to play a more prominent role as an important analytical method. Nevertheless the application of UV-vis spectroscopy on coordination compounds was unique and novel, and witnesses Alfred Werner's great aptitude and keenness to always try and go beyond conventional practice.

Response to formal comment on Myhrvold (2016) submitted by Griebeler and Werner (2017)

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Griebeler and Werner offer a formal comment on Myhrvold, 2016 defending the conclusions of Werner and Griebeler, 2014. Although the comment criticizes several aspects of methodology in Myhrvold, 2016, all three papers concur on a key conclusion: the metabolism of extant endotherms and ectotherms cannot be reliably classified using growth-rate allometry, because the growth rates of extant endotherms and ectotherms overlap. A key point of disagreement is that the 2014 paper concluded that despite this general case, one can nevertheless classify dinosaurs as ectotherms from their growth rate allometry. The 2014 conclusion is based on two factors: the assertion (made without any supporting arguments) that the comparison with dinosaurs must be restricted only to extant sauropsids, ignoring other vertebrate groups, and that extant sauropsid endotherm and ectotherm growth rates in a data set studied in the 2014 work do not overlap. The Griebeler and Werner formal comment presents their first arguments in support of the restriction proposition. In this response I show that this restriction is unsupported by established principles of phylogenetic comparison. In addition, I show that the data set studied in their 2014 work does show overlap, and that this is visible in one of its figures. I explain how either point effectively invalidates the conclusion of their 2014 paper. I also address the other methodological criticisms of Myhrvold 2016, and find them unsupported. PMID:29489880

Response to formal comment on Myhrvold (2016) submitted by Griebeler and Werner (2017).

PubMed

Myhrvold, Nathan P

2018-01-01

Griebeler and Werner offer a formal comment on Myhrvold, 2016 defending the conclusions of Werner and Griebeler, 2014. Although the comment criticizes several aspects of methodology in Myhrvold, 2016, all three papers concur on a key conclusion: the metabolism of extant endotherms and ectotherms cannot be reliably classified using growth-rate allometry, because the growth rates of extant endotherms and ectotherms overlap. A key point of disagreement is that the 2014 paper concluded that despite this general case, one can nevertheless classify dinosaurs as ectotherms from their growth rate allometry. The 2014 conclusion is based on two factors: the assertion (made without any supporting arguments) that the comparison with dinosaurs must be restricted only to extant sauropsids, ignoring other vertebrate groups, and that extant sauropsid endotherm and ectotherm growth rates in a data set studied in the 2014 work do not overlap. The Griebeler and Werner formal comment presents their first arguments in support of the restriction proposition. In this response I show that this restriction is unsupported by established principles of phylogenetic comparison. In addition, I show that the data set studied in their 2014 work does show overlap, and that this is visible in one of its figures. I explain how either point effectively invalidates the conclusion of their 2014 paper. I also address the other methodological criticisms of Myhrvold 2016, and find them unsupported.

Nonseparable Werner states in spontaneous parametric down-conversion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Caminati, Marco; De Martini, Francesco; Perris, Riccardo

2006-03-15

The multiphoton states generated by high-gain spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in the presence of large losses are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The explicit form for the two-photon output state has been found to exhibit a Werner structure very resilient to losses for any value of the nonlinear gain parameter g. The theoretical results are found to be in agreement with experimental data obtained by 'entanglement witness' methods and by the quantum tomography of the state generated by a high-g SPDC.

Werner Jaeger's "Paideia" and His 'Third Humanism'

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horn, Christoph

2018-01-01

Werner Jaeger (1888-1961) was at his time the most brilliant and the most influential German classicist. His most important project was a tripartite study that he finally published under the title of "Paideia. Die Formung des griechischen Menschen" (1933-1947). "Paideia" was much more than a detailed scholarly book on pedagogy…

[Werner Leibbrand as psychiatric opponent of National Socialism].

PubMed

Seidel, R

2013-09-01

The psychiatrist and medical historian Werner Leibbrand resigned from the Berlin Medical Association after the seizure of power in protest against the exclusion of Jewish colleagues and lost both the license to practice as well as his professional position in the public health service. After the end of the war the American military authorities appointed him as expert witness for the prosecution in the Nürnberg Doctors Trial. In addition to a biographical review, Leibbrand's resolute although still undisputed attitude as ethical expert in the trials will be roughly outlined.

Quantum information transmission in the quantum wireless multihop network based on Werner state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Li-Hui; Yu, Xu-Tao; Cai, Xiao-Fei; Gong, Yan-Xiao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2015-05-01

Many previous studies about teleportation are based on pure state. Study of quantum channel as mixed state is more realistic but complicated as pure states degenerate into mixed states by interaction with environment, and the Werner state plays an important role in the study of the mixed state. In this paper, the quantum wireless multihop network is proposed and the information is transmitted hop by hop through teleportation. We deduce a specific expression of the recovered state not only after one-hop teleportation but also across multiple intermediate nodes based on Werner state in a quantum wireless multihop network. We also obtain the fidelity of multihop teleportation. Project supported by the Prospective Future Network Project of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BY2013095-1-18) and the Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves (Grant No. Z201504).

The Spectrum of WRN Mutations in Werner Syndrome Patients

PubMed Central

Huang, Shurong; Lee, Lin; Hanson, Nancy B.; Lenaerts, Catherine; Hoehn, Holger; Poot, Martin; Rubin, Craig D.; Chen, Da-Fu; Yang, Chih-Chao; Juch, Heike; Dorn, Thomas; Spiegel, Roland; Oral, Elif Arioglu; Abid, Mohammed; Battisti, Carla; Lucci-Cordisco, Emanuela; Neri, Giovanni; Steed, Erin H.; Kidd, Alexa; Isley, William; Showalter, David; Vittone, Janet L.; Konstantinow, Alexander; Ring, Johannes; Meyer, Peter; Wenger, Sharon L.; von Herbay, Axel; Wollina, Uwe; Schuelke, Markus; Huizenga, Carin R.; Leistritz, Dru F.; Martin, George M.; Mian, I. Saira; Oshima, Junko

2007-01-01

The International Registry of Werner syndrome (www.wernersyndrome.org) has been providing molecular diagnosis of the Werner syndrome (WS) for the past decade. The present communication summarizes, from among 99 WS subjects, the spectrum of 50 distinct mutations discovered by our group and by others since the WRN gene (also called RECQL2 or REQ3) was first cloned in 1996; 25 of these have not previously been published. All WRN mutations reported thus far have resulted in the elimination of the nuclear localization signal at the C-terminus of the protein, precluding functional interactions in the nucleus; thus, all could be classified as null mutations. We now report two new mutations in the N-terminus that result in instability of the WRN protein. Clinical data confirm that the most penetrant phenotype is bilateral ocular cataracts. Other cardinal signs were seen in more than 95% of the cases. The median age of death, previously reported to be in the range of 46–48 years, is 54 years. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been cryopreserved from the majority of our index cases, including material from nuclear pedigrees. These, as well as inducible and complemented hTERT (catalytic subunit of human telomerase) immortalized skin fibroblast cell lines are available to qualified investigators. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.† PMID:16673358

Gram-scale synthesis of the p38α MAPK-inhibitor VX-745 for preclinical studies into Werner syndrome.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Dix, Matthew C; Fusillo, Vincenzo; Pigeaux, Morgane; Rokicki, Michal J; Kipling, David

2010-09-01

The ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor VX-745 exhibits an exquisite kinase selectivity profile, is effective in blocking p38 stress signaling in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts, has efficacy in clinical trials and may have therapeutic value against Werner syndrome. Previous synthetic routes, however, have only resulted in milligram quantities suitable for cell-based studies, whereas gram quantities would be required for in vivo use. Microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of VX-745. Ullmann-type C-S bond formation using thiophenol, chloropyridazine, copper(I) catalyst and diol ligand proceeds rapidly and efficiently in this apparatus for elaboration to the pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazinone core of VX-745 on gram scale and with good overall yield. This method delivers the p38 inhibitor VX-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in Werner syndrome.

Sufficient and necessary condition of separability for generalized Werner states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deng Dongling; Chen Jingling

2009-02-15

In a celebrated paper [Optics Communications 179, 447, 2000], A.O. Pittenger and M.H. Rubin presented for the first time a sufficient and necessary condition of separability for the generalized Werner states. Inspired by their ideas, we generalized their method to a more general case. We obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the separability of a specific class of N d-dimensional system (qudits) states, namely special generalized Werner state (SGWS): W{sup [d{sup N}]}(v)=(1-v)(I{sup (N)})/(d{sup N}) +v|{psi}{sub d}{sup N}><{psi}{sub d}{sup N}|, where |{psi}{sub d}{sup N}>={sigma}{sub i=0}{sup d-1}{alpha}{sub i}|i...i> is an entangled pure state of N qudits system and {alpha}{sub i} satisfiesmore » two restrictions: (i) {sigma}{sub i=0}{sup d-1}{alpha}{sub i}{alpha}{sub i}*=1; (ii) Matrix 1/d (I{sup (1)}+T{sigma}{sub i{ne}}{sub j}{alpha}{sub i}|i>

POLD1 Germline Mutations in Patients Initially Diagnosed with Werner Syndrome

PubMed Central

Lessel, Davor; Hisama, Fuki M.; Szakszon, Katalin; Saha, Bidisha; Sanjuanelo, Alexander Barrios; Salbert, Bonnie A.; Steele, Pamela D.; Baldwin, Jennifer; Brown, W. Ted; Piussan, Charles; Plauchu, Henri; Szilvássy, Judit; Horkay, Edit; Hoögel, Josef; Martin, George M.; Herr, Alan J.; Oshima, Junko; Kubisch, Christian

2015-01-01

Segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ. A prototypic example is the Werner syndrome (WS), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the Werner helicase gene (WRN). While heterozygous lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations are found in a few nonclassical cases of WS, another 10%–15% of patients initially diagnosed with WS do not have mutations in WRN or LMNA. Germline POLD1 mutations were recently reported in five patients with another segmental progeroid disorder: mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features syndrome. Here, we describe eight additional patients with heterozygous POLD1 mutations, thereby substantially expanding the characterization of this new example of segmental progeroid disorders. First, we identified POLD1 mutations in patients initially diagnosed with WS. Second, we describe POLD1 mutation carriers without clinically relevant hearing impairment or mandibular underdevelopment, both previously thought to represent obligate diagnostic features. These patients also exhibit a lower incidence of metabolic abnormalities and joint contractures. Third, we document postnatal short stature and premature greying/loss of hair in POLD1 mutation carriers. We conclude that POLD1 germline mutations can result in a variably expressed and probably underdiagnosed segmental progeroid syndrome. PMID:26172944

Attention please: evaluative priming effects in a valent/non-valent categorisation task (reply to Werner & Rothermund, 2013).

PubMed

Spruyt, Adriaan

2014-04-01

It has previously been argued (a) that automatic evaluative stimulus processing is dependent upon feature-specific attention allocation (FSAA) and (b) that evaluative priming effects can arise in the absence of dimensional overlap between the prime set and the response set. In opposition to these claims, Werner and Rothermund (2013) recently reported that they were unable to replicate the evaluative priming effect in a valent/non-valent categorisation task. In this manuscript, I report the results of a conceptual replication of the studies by Werner and Rothermund (2013). A clear-cut evaluative priming effect was found, thus supporting the initial claims about FSAA and dimensional overlap. An explanation for these divergent findings is discussed.

Generation of Werner states and preservation of entanglement in a noisy environment [rapid communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakóbczyk, Lech; Jamróz, Anna

2005-12-01

We study the influence of noisy environment on the evolution of two-atomic system in the presence of collective damping. Generation of Werner states as asymptotic stationary states of evolution is described. We also show that for some initial states the amount of entanglement is preserved during the evolution.

Werner Heisenberg zum 100. Geburtstag: Pionier der Quantenmechanik

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobi, Manfred

2001-11-01

Werner Heisenberg war eine der prägendsten Gestalten der Physik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zu seinen wichtigsten Verdiensten gehören die Grundlegung der Quantenmechanik, die Formulierung der Unschärferelationen sowie die Beteiligung an der Ausarbeitung der Kopenhagener Deutung der Quantenmechanik. Darüber hinaus lieferte er Arbeiten von fundamentalem Charakter zur Theorie des Atomkerns, zur kosmischen Strahlung und zur Quantenfeldtheorie. Während des Krieges war er an den Arbeiten des Uranvereins beteiligt, der die Möglichkeit einer Entwicklung von Kernwaffen untersuchte, jedoch über Vorarbeiten zur Reaktorphysik nicht hinauskam. Wegen dieser Tätigkeit wurde er bei Kriegsende für einige Monate in England interniert. Nach seiner Rückkehr widmete er sich vor allem dem Aufbau der Physik in Deutschland, die während der NS-Zeit nahezu ihrer gesamten Substanz beraubt worden war.

Werner states and the two-spinors Heisenberg anti-ferromagnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batle, J.; Casas, M.; Plastino, A.; Plastino, A. R.

2005-08-01

We ascertain, following ideas of Arnesen, Bose, and Vedral concerning thermal entanglement [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 017901] and using the statistical tool called entropic non-triviality [P.W. Lamberti, M.T. Martin, A. Plastino, O.A. Rosso, Physica A 334 (2004) 119], that there is a one-to-one correspondence between (i) the mixing coefficient x of a Werner state, on the one hand, and (ii) the temperature T of the one-dimensional Heisenberg two-spin chain with a magnetic field B along the z-axis, on the other one. This is true for each value of B below a certain critical value B. The pertinent mapping depends on the particular B-value one selects within such a range.

Werner Brandt legacy to PIXE: Past and present perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lapicki, Gregory

2014-01-01

Inner-shell ionization cross sections used in Particle-Induced X-ray Elemental (PIXE) analyses are routinely calculated in the ECPSSR [W. Brandt, G. Lapicki, Phys. Rev. A 23 (1981) 1717-1729] theory and/or semiempirical formulas scaled to that theory. Thirty years after the passing of Werner Brandt, with recognition of his seminal contributions to other research on positron physics and stopping power problems, the work and articles that progressed into the ECPSSR theory for inner-shell ionization by protons and heavier ions are recalled as Brandt's past legacy to the PIXE community. Applications of the ECPSSR and its evolution into the ECUSAR [G. Lapicki, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 189 (2002) 8-20] theory over the last three decades are reviewed with perspectives on Brandt's present legacy.

Genetics and aging; the Werner syndrome as a segmental progeroid syndrome.

PubMed

Martin, G M

1985-01-01

The maximum lifespan potential is a constitutional feature of speciation and must be subject to polygenic controls acting both in the domain of development and in the domain of the maintenance of macromolecular integrity. The enormous genetic heterogeneity that characterizes our own species, the complexities of numerous nature-nurture interactions, and the quantitative and qualitative variations of the senescent phenotype that are observed suggest that precise patterns of aging in each of us may be unique. Patterns of aging may also differ sharply among species (for example, semelparous vs. multiparous mammals). Some potential common denominators, however, allow one to identify progeroid syndromes in man that could lead to the elucidation of important pathways of gene action. (The suffix "-oid" means "like"; it does not mean identity.) Unimodal progeroid syndromes (eg., familial dementia of the Alzheimer type, an autosomal dominant) can help us understand the pathogenesis of a particular aspect of the senescent phenotype of man. Segmental progeroid syndromes (eg. the Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive) may be relevant to multiple aspects of the senescent phenotype. Some results of research on the Werner syndrome may be interpreted as support for "peripheral" as opposed to "central" theories of aging; they are consistent with the view that gene action in the domain of development (adolescence, in this instance) can set the stage for patterns of aging in the adult; they point to the importance of mesenchymal cell populations in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders; finally, they underscore the role of chromosomal instability, especially in the pathogenesis of neoplasia.

Neutron interferometry: The pioneering contributions of Samuel A. Werner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, A. G.

2006-11-01

In 1975, Sam Werner, while on the staff of the Scientific Laboratory of the Ford Motor Company, and his collaborators from Purdue University, Roberto Colella and Albert Overhauser, carried out one of the pioneering experiments in neutron interferometry at the 2 MW University of Michigan research reactor. It was the famous COW Experiment [Colella et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 34 (1975) 1472] on gravitationally induced quantum interference. Shortly thereafter he moved to the University of Missouri in Columbia, to set up a program of neutron scattering research, including neutron interferometry. In the 25 years until his retirement a large number of beautiful experiments have been performed by Sam, with his group, his numerous students and many international collaborators. This work and its history are briefly reviewed in this paper.

Case Report: A Rare Cause of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in a Woman with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome.

PubMed

Tsai, Jun-Li; Tsai, Shang-Feng

2016-11-01

Urinary tract infection is a common disease in the general population. However, in patients with frequent urinary tract infection, it is important to determine any treatable cause to avoid recurrence. Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome or OHVIRA syndrome is a very rare congenital anomaly with uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The earliest presentation of this syndrome is hematocolpos that develops during menstruation and results in dysmenorrhea and a pelvic mass shortly after menarche. Herein, we report a patient with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome manifested with unusual symptoms, delayed onset and without surgery. The unique point of this patient is the partial obstruction of cervico-vaginal junction. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of OHVIRA syndrome can prevent long-term complications, such as recurrent urinary tract infection and infertility. A high index of suspicion is required, even though OHVIRA syndrome is extremely rare and may have an atypical presentation.

Werner complex deficiency in cells disrupts the Nuclear Pore Complex and the distribution of lamin B1.

PubMed

Li, Zhi; Zhu, Yizhou; Zhai, Yujia; R Castroagudin, Michelle; Bao, Yifei; White, Tommy E; Glavy, Joseph S

2013-12-01

From the surrounding shell to the inner machinery, nuclear proteins provide the functional plasticity of the nucleus. This study highlights the nuclear association of Pore membrane (POM) protein NDC1 and Werner protein (WRN), a RecQ helicase responsible for the DNA instability progeria disorder, Werner Syndrome. In our previous publication, we connected the DNA damage sensor Werner's Helicase Interacting Protein (WHIP), a binding partner of WRN, to the NPC. Here, we confirm the association of the WRN/WHIP complex and NDC1. In established WRN/WHIP knockout cell lines, we further demonstrate the interdependence of WRN/WHIP and Nucleoporins (Nups). These changes do not completely abrogate the barrier of the Nuclear Envelope (NE) but do affect the distribution of FG Nups and the RAN gradient, which are necessary for nuclear transport. Evidence from WRN/WHIP knockout cell lines demonstrates changes in the processing and nucleolar localization of lamin B1. The appearance of "RAN holes" void of RAN corresponds to regions within the nucleolus filled with condensed pools of lamin B1. From WRN/WHIP knockout cell line extracts, we found three forms of lamin B1 that correspond to mature holoprotein and two potential post-translationally modified forms of the protein. Upon treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors lamin B1 cleavage occurs only in WRN/WHIP knockout cells. Our data suggest the link of the NDC1 and WRN as one facet of the network between the nuclear periphery and genome stability. Loss of WRN complex leads to multiple alterations at the NPC and the nucleolus. © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Accelerated epigenetic aging in Werner syndrome.

PubMed

Maierhofer, Anna; Flunkert, Julia; Oshima, Junko; Martin, George M; Haaf, Thomas; Horvath, Steve

2017-04-01

Individuals suffering from Werner syndrome (WS) exhibit many clinical signs of accelerated aging. While the underlying constitutional mutation leads to accelerated rates of DNA damage, it is not yet known whether WS is also associated with an increased epigenetic age according to a DNA methylation based biomarker of aging (the "Epigenetic Clock"). Using whole blood methylation data from 18 WS cases and 18 age matched controls, we find that WS is associated with increased extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (p=0.0072) and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (p=0.04), the latter of which is independent of age-related changes in the composition of peripheral blood cells. A multivariate model analysis reveals that WS is associated with an increase in DNA methylation age (on average 6.4 years, p=0.011) even after adjusting for chronological age, gender, and blood cell counts. Further, WS might be associated with a reduction in naïve CD8+ T cells (p=0.025) according to imputed measures of blood cell counts. Overall, this study shows that WS is associated with an increased epigenetic age of blood cells which is independent of changes in blood cell composition. The extent to which this alteration is a cause or effect of WS disease phenotypes remains unknown.

Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker: A Fifty-Year Friendship*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassidy, David C.

2015-03-01

This paper follows Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker during their fifty-year friendship from 1926, when they first met in Copenhagen, to Heisenberg's death in Munich in 1976. The relationship underwent profound changes during that period, as did physics, philosophy, and German society and politics, all of which exerted important influences on their lives, work, and interactions with each other. The nature of these developments and their impact are explored in this paper.

A rare cause of acute abdominal pain: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome.

PubMed

Aydin, Ramazan; Ozdemir, Ayse Zehra; Ozturk, Bahadir; Bilgici, Meltem Ceyhan; Tosun, Migraci

2014-01-01

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare müllerian duct anomaly with uterus didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Patients with this syndrome generally present after menarche with pelvic pain and mass and, rarely, primary infertility in later years. Strong suspicion and knowledge of this syndrome are mandatory for an accurate diagnosis. A 14-year-old female patient presented with acute retention of urine and abdominopelvic pain. Her condition was diagnosed with the use ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging as a case of HWW syndrome. She was treated with vaginal hemiseptal resection. The HWW syndrome should be considered among the differential diagnoses in girls with renal anomalies presenting with pelvic mass, symptoms of acute abdominal pain, and acute urinary retention.

Sudden birth versus sudden death of entanglement for the extended Werner-like state in a dissipative environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shan, Chuan-Jia; Chen, Tao; Liu, Ji-Bing; Cheng, Wei-Wen; Liu, Tang-Kun; Huang, Yan-Xia; Li, Hong

2010-06-01

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviour of entanglement in terms of concurrence in a bipartite system subjected to an external magnetic field under the action of dissipative environments in the extended Werner-like initial state. The interesting phenomenon of entanglement sudden death as well as sudden birth appears during the evolution process. We analyse in detail the effect of the purity of the initial entangled state of two qubits via Heisenberg XY interaction on the apparition time of entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth. Furthermore, the conditions on the conversion of entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth can be generalized when the initial entangled state is not pure. In particular, a critical purity of the initial mixed entangled state exists, above which entanglement sudden birth vanishes while entanglement sudden death appears. It is also noticed that stable entanglement, which is independent of different initial states of the qubits (pure or mixed state), occurs even in the presence of decoherence. These results arising from the combination of the extended Werner-like initial state and dissipative environments suggest an approach to control and enhance the entanglement even after purity induced sudden birth, death and revival.

The history of Werner Spalteholz's Handatlas der Anatomie des Menschen.

PubMed

Williams, D J

1999-12-01

Werner Spalteholz's Handatlas der Anatomie des Menschen is one of the most elegantly illustrated anatomical atlases of all time. Originally published in Leipzig as three volumes from 1895 to 1903, the atlas is still widely used and remains highly regarded by many. The atlas was remarkably popular during the first half of the 20th century, especially the English version in North America and the UK. Unfortunately, the original illustrations and printing plates for the work disappeared following the Second World War and their fate remains a mystery. And, in spite of the atlas's popularity, little is known to the men who prepared the artwork for Spalteholz. It is commonly believed that Max Brödel contributed illustrations to the atlas, but a close examination of the work does not confirm this. A century after its inception, Spalteholz's atlas remains a classic milestone in the history of anatomical illustration.

Synthesis of the highly selective p38 MAPK inhibitor UR-13756 for possible therapeutic use in Werner syndrome.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Rokicki, Michal J; Widdowson, Caroline S; Kipling, David

2010-02-01

UR-13756 is a potent and selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, reported to have good bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties and, thus, is of potential use in the treatment of accelerated aging in Werner syndrome. Irradiation of 2-chloroacrylonitrile and methylhydrazine in ethanol at 100 °C gives 1-methyl-3-aminopyrazole, which reacts with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and a ketone, obtained by Claisen condensation of 4-picoline, in a Hantzsch-type 3-component hereocyclocondensation, to give the pyrazolopyridine UR-13756. UR-13756 shows p38 MAPK inhibitory activity in human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized HCA2 dermal fibroblasts, with an IC(50) of 80 nm, as shown by ELISA, is 100% efficacious for up to 24 h at 1.0 μm and displays excellent kinase selectivity over the related stress-activated c-Jun kinases. In addition, UR-13756 is an effective p38 inhibitor at 1.0 μm in Werner syndrome cells, as shown by immunoblot. The convergent synthesis of UR-13756 is realized using microwave dielectric heating and provides a highly selective inhibitor that shows excellent selectivity for p38 MAPK over c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Design of the central region in the Gustaf Werner cyclotron at the Uppsala university

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toprek, Dragan; Reistad, Dag; Lundstrom, Bengt; Wessman, Dan

2002-07-01

This paper describes the design of the central region in the Gustaf Werner cyclotron for h=1, 2 and 3 modes of acceleration. The electric field distribution in the inflector and in the four acceleration gaps has been numerically calculated from an electric potential map produced by the program RELAX3D. The geometry of the central region has been tested with the computations of orbits carried out by means of the computer code CYCLONE. The optical properties of the spiral inflector and the central region were studied by using the programs CASINO and CYCLONE, respectively.

Rovibrationally-Resolved Direct Photodissociation Through The Lyman And Werner Transitions Of H_{2}

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gay, Christopher; Stancil, P. C.

2008-03-01

Direct photodissociation cross sections have been obtained for the Lyman and Werner transitions of H2 using a combination of ab initio and experimentally derived potential curves and dipole transition moments. The partial cross sections have been evaluated for transitions from all 301 rovibrational levels (v'',J'') of the ground electronic state and over a wavelength range that extends from 10nm to the dissociation threshold for each particular rovibrational state. For UV-irradiated molecular gas with column densities of 1016-1019cm-2, direct photodissociation can compete with the Solomon process as an H2 destruction process. This research was supported by NASA grant NNG06GJ11G from the Astrophysics Theory Program.

Homozygosity for the WRN Helicase-Inactivating Variant, R834C, does not confer a Werner syndrome clinical phenotype

PubMed Central

Kamath-Loeb, Ashwini S.; Zavala-van Rankin, Diego G.; Flores-Morales, Jeny; Emond, Mary J.; Sidorova, Julia M.; Carnevale, Alessandra; Cárdenas-Cortés, Maria del Carmen; Norwood, Thomas H.; Monnat, Raymond J.; Loeb, Lawrence A.; Mercado-Celis, Gabriela E.

2017-01-01

Loss-of-function mutations in the WRN helicase gene cause Werner syndrome- a progeroid syndrome with an elevated risk of cancer and other age-associated diseases. Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in WRN. We report here the organismal, cellular, and molecular phenotypes of variant rs3087425 (c. 2500C > T) that results in an arginine to cysteine substitution at residue 834 (R834C) and up to 90% reduction of WRN helicase activity. This variant is present at a high (5%) frequency in Mexico, where we identified 153 heterozygous and three homozygous individuals among 3,130 genotyped subjects. Family studies of probands identified ten additional TT homozygotes. Biochemical analysis of WRN protein purified from TT lymphoblast cell lines confirmed that the R834C substitution strongly and selectively reduces WRN helicase, but not exonuclease activity. Replication track analyses showed reduced replication fork progression in some homozygous cells following DNA replication stress. Among the thirteen TT homozygotes, we identified a previously unreported and statistically significant gender bias in favor of males (p = 0.0016), but none of the clinical findings associated with Werner syndrome. Our results indicate that WRN helicase activity alone is not rate-limiting for the development of clinical WS. PMID:28276523

The Historical Foundation of Learning Disabilities: A Quantitative Synthesis Assessing the Validity of Strauss and Werner's Exogenous versus Endogenous Distinction of Mental Retardation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kavale, Kenneth A.; Forness, Steven R.

1985-01-01

The paper reviews research of A. Strauss and H. Werner on behavioral differences between exogeneous (brain injured) and endogeneous (familial-cultural) mental retardation using quantitative methods of research synthesis. Findings offer little empirical support for the presumed behavioral differences and reveal considerable overlap among the…

Observability, Anschaulichkeit and Abstraction: A Journey into Werner Heisenberg's Science and Philosophy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacki, Jan

2003-09-01

Werner Heisenberg was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century. He participated as a front rank actor in the shaping of a good part of XXth century physics and directly witnessed most of the intellectual struggles which led to what he called “Wandlungen in den Grundlagen der exakten Naturwissenschaft”. This expression is borrowed from one of the many talks and writings he devoted to the analysis of the scientific and philosophical implications of his, and his fellows physicists, findings. Indeed, Heisenberg's scientific activity increasingly reflected his more general intellectual views. This makes him another magnificent representative of a glorious linage going from the remote times of modern science to Einstein, Bohr and the like. This “philosophical” vein started early in his scientific life, and got stronger with time, prompted by the highly demanding scientific, but also social and political context of his mature years.

Bernard Lerer: recipient of the 2014 inaugural Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize in Global Omics and Personalized Medicine (Pacific Rim Association for Clinical Pharmacogenetics).

PubMed

Ozdemir, Vural; Endrenyi, Laszlo; Aynacıoğlu, Sükrü; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Dandara, Collet; Dove, Edward S; Ferguson, Lynnette R; Geraci, Christy Jo; Hafen, Ernst; Kesim, Belgin Eroğlu; Kolker, Eugene; Lee, Edmund J D; Llerena, Adrian; Nacak, Muradiye; Shimoda, Kazutaka; Someya, Toshiyuki; Srivastava, Sanjeeva; Tomlinson, Brian; Vayena, Effy; Warnich, Louise; Yaşar, Umit

2014-04-01

This article announces the recipient of the 2014 inaugural Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize in Global Omics and Personalized Medicine by the Pacific Rim Association for Clinical Pharmacogenetics (PRACP): Bernard Lerer, professor of psychiatry and director of the Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. The Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize is given to an exceptional interdisciplinary scholar who has made highly innovative and enduring contributions to global omics science and personalized medicine, with both vertical and horizontal (transdisciplinary) impacts. The prize is established in memory of a beloved colleague, mentor, and friend, the late Professor Werner Kalow, who cultivated the idea and practice of pharmacogenetics in modern therapeutics commencing in the 1950s. PRACP, the prize's sponsor, is one of the longest standing learned societies in the Asia-Pacific region, and was founded by Kalow and colleagues more than two decades ago in the then-emerging field of pharmacogenetics. In announcing this inaugural prize and its winner, we seek to highlight the works of prize winner, Professor Lerer. Additionally, we contextualize the significance of the prize by recalling the life and works of Professor Kalow and providing a brief socio-technical history of the rise of pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine as a veritable form of 21(st) century scientific practice. The article also fills a void in previous social science analyses of pharmacogenetics, by bringing to the fore the works of Kalow from 1995 to 2008, when he presciently noted the rise of yet another field of postgenomics inquiry--pharmacoepigenetics--that railed against genetic determinism and underscored the temporal and spatial plasticity of genetic components of drug response, with invention of the repeated drug administration (RDA) method that estimates the dynamic heritabilities of drug response. The prize goes a long way

[Werner Catel--a protagonist in Nazi "pediatric euthanasia" and his post-war career].

PubMed

Petersen, Hans-Christian; Zankel, Sönke

2003-01-01

This article deals with the biography of Werner Catel, a German paediatrician and protagonist of the Nazi programme for "euthanasia of children". Based on original research into recently discovered source materials, two aspects of Catel's life are considered. Firstly, Catel's attitude towards "euthanasia" is analysed. This analysis is not limited to the period of National Socialism, but focuses also on the phase before 1933 and especially on the era after 1945. Secondly, the authors explore Catel's academic career. What effects on his career in the later Federal Republic of Germany had his exposed role in the Nazi programme for "euthanasia of children"? In this context it is also examined how the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel/Germany, which employed Catel until 1960 in a leading position, judged the work of its former professor after his death.

[The birth of acknowledgement: Michel Foucault and Werner Leibbrand].

PubMed

Mildenberger, Florian

2006-01-01

In 1964, Werner Leibbrand (1896-1974) was the first German medical historian to present, in Sudhoffs Archiv, a review of the work of Michel Foucault (1926-1984). This paper examines some of the reasons leading to the fact that Leibbrand's own generation refused to acknowledge the importance of Foucault's ideas, while, later on, younger German medical historians, although impressed with Foucault's writings, failed to acknowledge, first, the close relationship between Leibbrand's and Foucault's world views, and, second, Leibbrand's attempts at introducing Foucault to German medical historians. Leibbrand with his Jewish wife had survived the Nazi period partly in hiding. His attempts at clearing post-war German psychiatry and medical historiography of NS-sympathizers isolated him among his colleagues, many of whom had begun their career during the Third Reich. Leibbrand enjoyed the support by the Swiss medical historian and avowed Communist Erwin Ackerknecht (1906-1988), but later turned against him, possibly because Acknerknecht had called Leibbrand's writings "unscientific". Leibbrand was unable to overcome his antagonisms with his contemporaries. At the same time, opposition to Ackerknecht made him appear a respresentative of the past in the eyes of the younger generation. Thus, when Foucault was accepted by the latter, they were not prepared to examine the work of Leibbrand and realize how close some of the ideas developed by Leibbrand and Foucault had been.

The effect of RO3201195 and a pyrazolyl ketone P38 MAPK inhibitor library on the proliferation of Werner syndrome cells.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Dwyer, Jessica E; Baashen, Mohammed; Dix, Matthew C; Murziani, Paola G S; Rokicki, Michal J; Kipling, David; Davis, Terence

2016-01-21

Microwave-assisted synthesis of the pyrazolyl ketone p38 MAPK inhibitor RO3201195 in 7 steps and 15% overall yield, and the comparison of its effect upon the proliferation of Werner Syndrome cells with a library of pyrazolyl ketones, strengthens the evidence that p38 MAPK inhibition plays a critical role in modulating premature cellular senescence in this progeroid syndrome and the reversal of accelerated ageing observed in vitro on treatment with SB203580.

Lyman-Werner escape fractions from the first galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schauer, Anna T. P.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Glover, Simon C. O.; Klessen, Ralf S.; Latif, Muhammad A.; Mas-Ribas, Lluís; Rydberg, Claes-Erik; Whalen, Daniel J.; Zackrisson, Erik

2017-05-01

Direct collapse black holes forming in pristine, atomically cooling haloes at z ≈ 10-20 may act as the seeds of supermassive black holes (BHs) at high redshifts. In order to create a massive BH seed, the host halo needs to be prevented from forming stars. H2 therefore needs to be irradiated by a large flux of Lyman-Werner (LW) UV photons in order to suppress H2 cooling. A key uncertainty in this scenario is the escape fraction of LW radiation from first galaxies, which is the dominant source of UV photons at this epoch. To better constrain this escape fraction, we have performed radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the growth of H II regions and their associated photodissociation regions in the first galaxies using the zeus-mp code. We find that the LW escape fraction crucially depends on the propagation of the ionization front (I-front). For an R-type I-front overrunning the halo, the LW escape fraction is always larger than 95 per cent. If the halo recombines later from the outside-in, due to a softened and weakened spectrum, the LW escape fraction in the rest frame of the halo (the near-field) drops to zero. A detailed and careful analysis is required to analyse slowly moving, D-type I-fronts, where the escape fraction depends on the microphysics and can be as small as 3 per cent in the near-field and 61 per cent in the far-field or as large as 100 per cent in both the near-field and the far-field.

Epigenetic Regulation of Werner Syndrome Gene in Age-Related Cataract

PubMed Central

Guan, Huaijin

2015-01-01

Purpose. To examine the promoter methylation and histone modification of WRN (Werner syndrome gene), a DNA repair gene, and their relationship with the gene expression in age-related cataract (ARC) lens. Methods. We collected the lenses after cataract surgery from 117ARC patients and 39 age-matched non-ARC. WRN expression, DNA methylation and histone modification around the CpG island were assessed. The methylation status of Human-lens-epithelium cell (HLEB-3) was chemically altered to observe the relationship between methylation and expression of WRN. Results. The WRN expression was significantly decreased in the ARC anterior lens capsules comparing with the control. The CpG island of WRN promoter in the ARC anterior lens capsules displayed hypermethylation comparing with the controls. The WRN promoter was almost fully methylated in the cortex of ARC and control lens. Acetylated H3 was lower while methylated H3-K9 was higher in ARC anterior lens capsules than that of the controls. The expression of WRN in HLEB-3 increased after demethylation of the cells. Conclusions. A hypermethylation in WRN promoter and altered histone modification in anterior lens capsules might contribute to the ARC mechanism. The data suggest an association of altered DNA repair capability in lens with ARC pathogenesis. PMID:26509079

Biochemical characterization of an exonuclease from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals similarities to the DNA exonuclease of the human Werner syndrome protein.

PubMed

Plchova, Helena; Hartung, Frank; Puchta, Holger

2003-11-07

The human Werner syndrome protein (hWRN-p) possessing DNA helicase and exonuclease activities is essential for genome stability. Plants have no homologue of this bifunctional protein, but surprisingly the Arabidopsis genome contains a small open reading frame (ORF) (AtWRNexo) with homology to the exonuclease domain of hWRN-p. Expression of this ORF in Escherichia coli revealed an exonuclease activity for AtWRN-exo-p with similarities but also some significant differences to hWRN-p. The protein digests recessed strands of DNA duplexes in the 3' --> 5' direction but hardly single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended duplexes. In contrast to the Werner exonuclease, AtWRNexo-p is also able to digest 3'-protruding strands. DNA with recessed 3'-PO4 and 3'-OH termini is degraded to a similar extent. AtWRNexo-p hydrolyzes the 3'-recessed strand termini of duplexes containing mismatched bases. AtWRNexo-p needs the divalent cation Mg2+ for activity, which can be replaced by Mn2+. Apurinic sites, cholesterol adducts, and oxidative DNA damage (such as 8-oxoadenine and 8-oxoguanine) inhibit or block the enzyme. Other DNA modifications, including uracil, hypoxanthine and ethenoadenine, did not inhibit AtWRNexo-p. A mutation of a conserved residue within the exonuclease domain (E135A) completely abolished the exonucleolytic activity. Our results indicate that a type of WRN-like exonuclease activity seems to be a common feature of the DNA metabolism of animals and plants.

The Werner syndrome protein limits the error-prone 8-oxo-dG lesion bypass activity of human DNA polymerase kappa

PubMed Central

Maddukuri, Leena; Ketkar, Amit; Eddy, Sarah; Zafar, Maroof K.; Eoff, Robert L.

2014-01-01

Human DNA polymerase kappa (hpol κ) is the only Y-family member to preferentially insert dAMP opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) during translesion DNA synthesis. We have studied the mechanism of action by which hpol κ activity is modulated by the Werner syndrome protein (WRN), a RecQ helicase known to influence repair of 8-oxo-dG. Here we show that WRN stimulates the 8-oxo-dG bypass activity of hpol κ in vitro by enhancing the correct base insertion opposite the lesion, as well as extension from dC:8-oxo-dG base pairs. Steady-state kinetic analysis reveals that WRN improves hpol κ-catalyzed dCMP insertion opposite 8-oxo-dG ∼10-fold and extension from dC:8-oxo-dG by 2.4-fold. Stimulation is primarily due to an increase in the rate constant for polymerization (kpol), as assessed by pre-steady-state kinetics, and it requires the RecQ C-terminal (RQC) domain. In support of the functional data, recombinant WRN and hpol κ were found to physically interact through the exo and RQC domains of WRN, and co-localization of WRN and hpol κ was observed in human cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, WRN limits the error-prone bypass of 8-oxo-dG by hpol κ, which could influence the sensitivity to oxidative damage that has previously been observed for Werner's syndrome cells. PMID:25294835

Rediscovery of Atelopus subornatus Werner, 1899 (Anura: Bufonidae), with a redescription of the tadpole.

PubMed

Enciso-Calle, Maria Paula; Viuche-Lozano, Andres; Anganoy-Criollo, Marvin; Bernal, Manuel Hernando

2017-11-06

The Neotropical toads of the genus Atelopus are among the most imperiled of all amphibians (La Marca et al. 2005; Gonzalez-Maya et al. 2013; McCaffery et al. 2015). Nowadays, at least 90% of the 93 listed species are threatened and more than 77% are Critically Endangered (McCaffery et al. 2015; IUCN 2016). Colombia has 44 described species of Atelopus (Frost 2017), two of these are categorized as extinct (EX) by the IUCN (2016): A. ignescens and A. longirostris, although they were recently re-discovered in Ecuador (Tapia et al. 2017), 34 as critical endangered (CR), four as endangered (EN), two as vulnerable (VU), one species has data deficient (DD) and another one has not been evaluated. Atelopus subornatus Werner, 1899, is an endemic Colombian harlequin toad described from 2300 to 2800 m.a.s.l in the municipalities of Sibaté (Alto de Sibaté and Agua Bonita) and Fusagasuga (above Fusagasuga and Tierra Negra), in Cundinamarca (Fig. 1A), on the western flank from Cordillera Oriental of Colombia (Werner 1899; Lynch 1986; Lötters 1989, 1992). The last record of this species was in 1993 (Lötters 2005), and it currently is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (2016). Herein, we report the rediscovery of A. subornatus at a new locality from Tolima, Colombia (Fig. 1A), and redescribe its tadpole. The determination of the species was based on comparisons with material deposited in the amphibian collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-UNAL) for all species of Atelopus reported from the same general area in Cundinamarca and relatively similar to A. subornatus. The specimens are housed in the Herpetological collection of the Tolima University (CZUT-A) and amphibian collection of ICN-UNAL.

Bernard Lerer: Recipient of the 2014 Inaugural Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize in Global Omics and Personalized Medicine (Pacific Rim Association for Clinical Pharmacogenetics)

PubMed Central

Aynacıoğlu, Şükrü; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Dandara, Collet; Dove, Edward S.; Ferguson, Lynnette R.; Geraci, Christy Jo; Hafen, Ernst; Kesim, Belgin Eroğlu; Kolker, Eugene; Lee, Edmund J.D.; LLerena, Adrian; Nacak, Muradiye; Shimoda, Kazutaka; Someya, Toshiyuki; Srivastava, Sanjeeva; Tomlinson, Brian; Vayena, Effy; Warnich, Louise; Yaşar, Ümit

2014-01-01

Abstract This article announces the recipient of the 2014 inaugural Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize in Global Omics and Personalized Medicine by the Pacific Rim Association for Clinical Pharmacogenetics (PRACP): Bernard Lerer, professor of psychiatry and director of the Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. The Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize is given to an exceptional interdisciplinary scholar who has made highly innovative and enduring contributions to global omics science and personalized medicine, with both vertical and horizontal (transdisciplinary) impacts. The prize is established in memory of a beloved colleague, mentor, and friend, the late Professor Werner Kalow, who cultivated the idea and practice of pharmacogenetics in modern therapeutics commencing in the 1950s. PRACP, the prize's sponsor, is one of the longest standing learned societies in the Asia-Pacific region, and was founded by Kalow and colleagues more than two decades ago in the then-emerging field of pharmacogenetics. In announcing this inaugural prize and its winner, we seek to highlight the works of prize winner, Professor Lerer. Additionally, we contextualize the significance of the prize by recalling the life and works of Professor Kalow and providing a brief socio-technical history of the rise of pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine as a veritable form of 21st century scientific practice. The article also fills a void in previous social science analyses of pharmacogenetics, by bringing to the fore the works of Kalow from 1995 to 2008, when he presciently noted the rise of yet another field of postgenomics inquiry—pharmacoepigenetics—that railed against genetic determinism and underscored the temporal and spatial plasticity of genetic components of drug response, with invention of the repeated drug administration (RDA) method that estimates the dynamic heritabilities of drug response. The prize goes a

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (uterus didelphys, blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis) - a case report

PubMed Central

Arıkan, İlker İnan; Harma, Müge; Harma, Mehmet İbrahim; Bayar, Ülkü; Barut, Aykut

2010-01-01

Uterovaginal duplication with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is referred to as the Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome. A 17 year old woman presented with right pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, present since menarche at 13 and worsening over the past year. Ultrasound examination revealed a right pelvic mass (5×5 cm), double endometrial echoes, and hematocolpos. A right pelvic mass, agenesis of the right kidney, double uterus, and blind hemivagina with hematocolpos were detected by magnetic resonance imaging and intravenous pyelography. A right tubo-ovarian abscess with dense adhesions and a double uterus were observed on diagnostic laparoscopy. Adhesiolysis was carried out and purulent material irrigated. After a course of antibiotics, a vaginal septum resection was performed and the pyocolpos drained. She remained symptom free after four months of follow-up. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome can significantly improve the lives of sufferers and prevent future complications. PMID:24591910

A novel Werner Syndrome mutation: pharmacological treatment by read-through of nonsense mutations and epigenetic therapies

PubMed Central

Agrelo, Ruben; Sutz, Miguel Arocena; Setien, Fernando; Aldunate, Fabian; Esteller, Manel; Da Costa, Valeria; Achenbach, Ricardo

2015-01-01

Werner Syndrome (WS) is a rare inherited disease characterized by premature aging and increased propensity for cancer. Mutations in the WRN gene can be of several types, including nonsense mutations, leading to a truncated protein form. WRN is a RecQ family member with both helicase and exonuclease activities, and it participates in several cell metabolic pathways, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Here, we reported a novel homozygous WS mutation (c.3767 C > G) in 2 Argentinian brothers, which resulted in a stop codon and a truncated protein (p.S1256X). We also observed increased WRN promoter methylation in the cells of patients and decreased messenger WRN RNA (WRN mRNA) expression. Finally, we showed that the read-through of nonsense mutation pharmacologic treatment with both aminoglycosides (AGs) and ataluren (PTC-124) in these cells restores full-length protein expression and WRN functionality. PMID:25830902

Delayed diagnosis of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome due to microperforation and pyocolpos in obstructed vaginal canal.

PubMed

Wozniakowska, Ewa; Torres, Anna; Milart, Pawel; Wozniak, Slawomir; Czuczwar, Piotr; Szkodziak, Piotr; Paszkowski, Tomasz

2014-08-01

To present a rare anomaly consisting of uterus didelphys, longitudinal vaginal septum, obstructed hemivagina with pyocolpos, fistula to the open vaginal canal, and ipsilateral renal agenesis, referred as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS). A 14-year-old girl with recurring purulent vaginal discharge lasting for a few months. Preoperative examination revealed one vaginal canal with one cervical opening on the right side. There was a fistula leading from the obstructed vaginal canal to the left vagina. Intravaginal ultrasound examination demonstrated a longitudinal vaginal septum and a closed pyocolpos on the right side. The longitudinal vaginal septum was excised by way of electrocauterization under direct vision. HWWS should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with uterus didelphys and unusual symptoms such as pyocolpos and vaginal discharge. Copyright © 2014 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Parkinson's disease and the quest for preclinical diagnosis: an interview with Professor Werner Poewe.

PubMed

Poewe, Werner

2017-10-01

Werner Poewe speaks to Laura Dormer, Editorial Director: Professor Werner Poewe is Professor of Neurology and Director of the Department of Neurology at Innsbruck Medical University in Innsbruck, Austria. He held a Residency in Clinical Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, from 1977 to 1984. From 1984 to 1985 he teamed up with Gerald Stern and Andrew Lees as a British Council Research Fellow at University College and Middlesex Hospital's Medical School in London to perform clinical studies into levodopa-induced dystonia and pharmacokinetics of levodopa in naive versus L-Dopa treated Parkinson's disease. Following his return to Austria, he held a position as Senior Lecturer in the Department of Neurology at the University of Innsbruck (1986-1989) after which he took over as Professor of Neurology and Acting Director of the Department of Neurology at Virchow Hospital of the Free University of Berlin (1990-1994). Professor Poewe's main research interests in the field of movement disorders are focused on differential and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, its natural history and pharmacological treatment. He has been involved in the steering committees of numerous drug trials in different stages of Parkinson's disease for the past 20 years and has authored and coauthored more than 500 original articles and reviews in the field of movement disorders. Professor Poewe served as President of the Austrian Society of Neurology from 2002 to 2004 as well as President of the Austrian Parkinson's Disease Society from 1996 to 2009. He has been awarded honorary membership of the German Society of Neurology as well as the Japanese Society of Neurology. His awards include the Walther-Birkmayer-Prize of the Austrian PD Society, the Dingebauer-Prize of the German Neurological Society as well as the Research Excellence Award of Innsbruck Medical University. Professor Poewe served as President of the International Movement Disorder Society (MDS) from

Quantum discord with weak measurement operators of quasi-Werner states based on bipartite entangled coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castro, E.; Gómez, R.; Ladera, C. L.; Zambrano, A.

2013-11-01

Among many applications quantum weak measurements have been shown to be important in exploring fundamental physics issues, such as the experimental violation of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation and the Hardy paradox, and have also technological implications in quantum optics, quantum metrology and quantum communications, where the precision of the measurement is as important as the precision of quantum state preparation. The theory of weak measurement can be formulated using the pre-and post-selected quantum systems, as well as using the weak measurement operator formalism. In this work, we study the quantum discord (QD) of quasi-Werner mixed states based on bipartite entangled coherent states using the weak measurements operator, instead of the projective measurement operators. We then compare the quantum discord for both kinds of measurement operators, in terms of the entanglement quality, the latter being measured using the concept of concurrence. It's found greater quantum correlations using the weak measurement operators.

Vitamin C restores healthy aging in a mouse model for Werner syndrome

PubMed Central

Massip, Laurent; Garand, Chantal; Paquet, Eric R.; Cogger, Victoria C.; O’Reilly, Jennifer N.; Tworek, Leslee; Hatherell, Avril; Taylor, Carla G.; Thorin, Eric; Zahradka, Peter; Le Couteur, David G.; Lebel, Michel

2013-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-like DNA helicase. Mice lacking the helicase domain of the WRN homologue exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including a prooxidant status and a shorter mean life span compared to wild-type animals. Here, we show that Wrn mutant mice also develop premature liver sinusoidal endothelial defenestration along with inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin C supplementation rescued the shorter mean life span of Wrn mutant mice and reversed several age-related abnormalities in adipose tissues and liver endothelial defenestration, genomic integrity, and inflammatory status. At the molecular level, phosphorylation of age-related stress markers like Akt kinase-specific substrates and the transcription factor NF-κB, as well as protein kinase Cδ and Hif-1α transcription factor levels, which are increased in the liver of Wrn mutants, were normalized by vitamin C. Vitamin C also increased the transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism PPARα. Finally, microarray and gene set enrichment analyses on liver tissues revealed that vitamin C decreased genes normally up-regulated in human WS fibroblasts and cancers, and it increased genes involved in tissue injury response and adipocyte dedifferentiation in obese mice. Vitamin C did not have such effect on wild-type mice. These results indicate that vitamin C supplementation could be beneficial for patients with WS. PMID:19741171

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a MK2 Inhibitor by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling for Study in Werner Syndrome Cells

PubMed Central

Bagley, Mark C.; Baashen, Mohammed; Chuckowree, Irina; Dwyer, Jessica E.; Kipling, David; Davis, Terence

2015-01-01

Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions have been employed towards the synthesis of three different MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitors to study accelerated aging in Werner syndrome (WS) cells, including the cross-coupling of a 2-chloroquinoline with a 3-pyridinylboronic acid, the coupling of an aryl bromide with an indolylboronic acid and the reaction of a 3-amino-4-bromopyrazole with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid. In all of these processes, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was fast and relatively efficient using a palladium catalyst under microwave irradiation. The process was incorporated into a rapid 3-step microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of a MK2 inhibitor involving 3-aminopyrazole formation, pyrazole C-4 bromination using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the pyrazolyl bromide with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid to give the target 4-arylpyrazole in 35% overall yield, suitable for study in WS cells. PMID:26046488

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a MK2 Inhibitor by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling for Study in Werner Syndrome Cells.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Baashen, Mohammed; Chuckowree, Irina; Dwyer, Jessica E; Kipling, David; Davis, Terence

2015-06-03

Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions have been employed towards the synthesis of three different MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitors to study accelerated aging in Werner syndrome (WS) cells, including the cross-coupling of a 2-chloroquinoline with a 3-pyridinylboronic acid, the coupling of an aryl bromide with an indolylboronic acid and the reaction of a 3-amino-4-bromopyrazole with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid. In all of these processes, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was fast and relatively efficient using a palladium catalyst under microwave irradiation. The process was incorporated into a rapid 3-step microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of a MK2 inhibitor involving 3-aminopyrazole formation, pyrazole C-4 bromination using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the pyrazolyl bromide with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid to give the target 4-arylpyrazole in 35% overall yield, suitable for study in WS cells.

GENERAL: Thermal entanglement and teleportation of a thermally mixed entangled state of a Heisenberg chain through a Werner state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Li-Yuan; Fang, Mao-Fa

2008-07-01

The thermal entanglement and teleportation of a thermally mixed entangled state of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXX chain under the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) anisotropic antisymmetric interaction through a noisy quantum channel given by a Werner state is investigated. The dependences of the thermal entanglement of the teleported state on the DM coupling constant, the temperature and the entanglement of the noisy quantum channel are studied in detail for both the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic cases. The result shows that a minimum entanglement of the noisy quantum channel must be provided in order to realize the entanglement teleportation. The values of fidelity of the teleported state are also studied for these two cases. It is found that under certain conditions, we can transfer an initial state with a better fidelity than that for any classical communication protocol.

Reduction of Werner Syndrome Protein Enhances G:C → A:T Transition by O6-Methylguanine in Human Cells.

PubMed

Suzuki, Tetsuya; Kuramoto, Yoshie; Kamiya, Hiroyuki

2018-05-21

O 6 -Methylguanine ( O 6 -MeG) is a damaged base produced by methylating reagents. The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) is a cancer-related human DNA helicase. The effects of WRN reduction on O 6 -MeG-caused mutagenesis were assessed by an siRNA-mediated knockdown in human U2OS cells, using a shuttle plasmid with a single O 6 -MeG base in the supF gene. The plasmid DNA was replicated in the cells, isolated, and electroporated into an Escherichia coli indicator strain. The lowered amount of WRN increased the frequency of mutations induced by O 6 -MeG, mainly G:C → A:T substitution. The increased mutation rate suggested that the cancer-related WRN suppresses the G:C → A:T substitution by O 6 -MeG in human cells.

Aging stem cells. A Werner syndrome stem cell model unveils heterochromatin alterations as a driver of human aging.

PubMed

Zhang, Weiqi; Li, Jingyi; Suzuki, Keiichiro; Qu, Jing; Wang, Ping; Zhou, Junzhi; Liu, Xiaomeng; Ren, Ruotong; Xu, Xiuling; Ocampo, Alejandro; Yuan, Tingting; Yang, Jiping; Li, Ying; Shi, Liang; Guan, Dee; Pan, Huize; Duan, Shunlei; Ding, Zhichao; Li, Mo; Yi, Fei; Bai, Ruijun; Wang, Yayu; Chen, Chang; Yang, Fuquan; Li, Xiaoyu; Wang, Zimei; Aizawa, Emi; Goebl, April; Soligalla, Rupa Devi; Reddy, Pradeep; Esteban, Concepcion Rodriguez; Tang, Fuchou; Liu, Guang-Hui; Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisua

2015-06-05

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by WRN protein deficiency. Here, we report on the generation of a human WS model in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Differentiation of WRN-null ESCs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recapitulates features of premature cellular aging, a global loss of H3K9me3, and changes in heterochromatin architecture. We show that WRN associates with heterochromatin proteins SUV39H1 and HP1α and nuclear lamina-heterochromatin anchoring protein LAP2β. Targeted knock-in of catalytically inactive SUV39H1 in wild-type MSCs recapitulates accelerated cellular senescence, resembling WRN-deficient MSCs. Moreover, decrease in WRN and heterochromatin marks are detected in MSCs from older individuals. Our observations uncover a role for WRN in maintaining heterochromatin stability and highlight heterochromatin disorganization as a potential determinant of human aging. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Recent Trends in WRN Gene Mutation Patterns in Individuals with Werner Syndrome.

PubMed

Yamaga, Masaya; Takemoto, Minoru; Takada-Watanabe, Aki; Koizumi, Naoko; Kitamoto, Takumi; Sakamoto, Kenichi; Ishikawa, Takahiro; Koshizaka, Masaya; Maezawa, Yoshiro; Yokote, Koutaro

2017-08-01

To determine recent trends in mutation patterns in the WRN gene, which cause Werner syndrome (WS), a rare, inheritable progeroid syndrome in Japan. Retrospective cohort. Longitudinal survey of WS and literature search for case reports. Individuals whose genetic testing their facilities had requested between 2009 and October 2016 (N = 67). A nationwide epidemiological study was conducted from 2009 to 2011 to improve understanding of the pathology of WS and develop therapeutic guidelines. Since 2009, Chiba University Hospital consecutively evaluated the WRN gene in 67 individuals throughout Japan who had requested genetic testing. A literature search was also conducted for case reports on Japanese WS reported since 1997. A definitive diagnosis of WS was confirmed genetically in 50 of 67 participants. Through the literature search, 16 individuals diagnosed genetically with WS were identified. Of these 66 individuals with WS, 42 were homozygous for a WRN mutation, and 21 were compound heterozygotes. One novel mutant allele was identified in an individual with the compound heterozygous genotype. The proportion of compound heterozygotes (31.8%) was significantly greater than reported previously (14.2%), indicating that the incidence of consanguineous marriage of parents has decreased. The increased frequency of individuals with WS with the compound heterozygous genotype is a recent trend in Japan. A long-term follow-up study on WRN homozygotes and compound heterozygotes will allow the relationship between WRN genotype and clinical severity of WS to be evaluated in the future. © 2017, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2017, The American Geriatrics Society.

From the Peenemuende 'Aggregates' to the American moon rocket - The development of the Saturn V Apollo rocket by Werner von Braun's team based on the Peenemuende concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reisig, G. H. R.

The origin of active space flight and the important role played in it by the innovations made in the Peenemuende rocket program are discussed. The rocket development carried out by the Werner von Braun team is chronologically recalled. The A4 rocket and its aerodynamic configuration are discussed, including the ballistic demands on its configuration, the development of the Peenemuende supersonic wind tunnel, and the pretesting of the A4 configuration using the A5 rocket. Rocket development in the U.S. from the Redstone to the Saturn is reviewed.

The Werner Syndrome Protein Is Involved in RNA Polymerase II Transcription

PubMed Central

Balajee, Adayabalam S.; Machwe, Amrita; May, Alfred; Gray, Matthew D.; Oshima, Junko; Martin, George M.; Nehlin, Jan O.; Brosh, Robert; Orren, David K.; Bohr, Vilhelm A.

1999-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a human progeroid syndrome characterized by the early onset of a large number of clinical features associated with the normal aging process. The complex molecular and cellular phenotypes of WS involve characteristic features of genomic instability and accelerated replicative senescence. The gene involved (WRN) was recently cloned, and its gene product (WRNp) was biochemically characterized as a helicase. Helicases play important roles in a variety of DNA transactions, including DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. We have assessed the role of the WRN gene in transcription by analyzing the efficiency of basal transcription in WS lymphoblastoid cell lines that carry homozygous WRN mutations. Transcription was measured in permeabilized cells by [3H]UTP incorporation and in vitro by using a plasmid template containing the RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II)–dependent adenovirus major late promoter. With both of these approaches, we find that the transcription efficiency in different WS cell lines is reduced to 40–60% of the transcription in cells from normal individuals. This defect can be complemented by the addition of normal cell extracts to the chromatin of WS cells. Addition of purified wild-type WRNp but not mutated WRNp to the in vitro transcription assay markedly stimulates RNA pol II–dependent transcription carried out by nuclear extracts. A nonhelicase domain (a direct repeat of 27 amino acids) also appears to have a role in transcription enhancement, as revealed by a yeast hybrid–protein reporter assay. This is further supported by the lack of stimulation of transcription when mutant WRNp lacking this domain was added to the in vitro assay. We have thus used several approaches to show a role for WRNp in RNA pol II transcription, possibly as a transcriptional activator. A deficit in either global or regional transcription in WS cells may be a primary molecular defect responsible for the WS clinical phenotype

An analytic resolution to the competition between Lyman-Werner radiation and metal winds in direct collapse black hole hosts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agarwal, Bhaskar; Regan, John; Klessen, Ralf S.; Downes, Turlough P.; Zackrisson, Erik

2017-10-01

A near pristine atomic cooling halo close to a star forming galaxy offers a natural pathway for forming massive direct collapse black hole (DCBH) seeds, which could be the progenitors of the z > 6 redshift quasars. The close proximity of the haloes enables a sufficient Lyman-Werner flux to effectively dissociate H2 in the core of the atomic cooling halo. A mild background may also be required to delay star formation in the atomic cooling halo, often attributed to distant background galaxies. In this paper, we investigate the impact of metal pollution from both the background galaxies and the close star forming galaxy under extremely unfavourable conditions such as instantaneous metal mixing. We find that within the time window of DCBH formation, the level of pollution never exceeds the critical threshold (Zcr ˜ 1 × 10-5 Z⊙) and attains a maximum metallicity of Z ˜ 2 × 10- 6 Z⊙. As the system evolves, the metallicity eventually exceeds the critical threshold, long after the DCBH has formed.

Evaluating the Role of p38 MAPK in the Accelerated Cell Senescence of Werner Syndrome Fibroblasts

PubMed Central

Davis, Terence; Brook, Amy J. C.; Rokicki, Michal J.; Bagley, Mark C.; Kipling, David

2016-01-01

Progeroid syndromes show features of accelerated ageing and are used as models for human ageing, of which Werner syndrome (WS) is one of the most widely studied. WS fibroblasts show accelerated senescence that may result from p38 MAP kinase activation since it is prevented by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Thus, small molecule inhibition of p38-signalling may be a therapeutic strategy for WS. To develop this approach issues such as the in vivo toxicity and kinase selectivity of existing p38 inhibitors need to be addressed, so as to strengthen the evidence that p38 itself plays a critical role in mediating the effect of SB203580, and to find an inhibitor suitable for in vivo use. In this work we used a panel of different p38 inhibitors selected for: (1) having been used successfully in vivo in either animal models or human clinical trials; (2) different modes of binding to p38; and (3) different off-target kinase specificity profiles, in order to critically address the role of p38 in the premature senescence seen in WS cells. Our findings confirmed the involvement of p38 in accelerated cell senescence and identified p38 inhibitors suitable for in vivo use in WS, with BIRB 796 the most effective. PMID:27136566

Enhancement of human DNA polymerase η activity and fidelity is dependent upon a bipartite interaction with the Werner syndrome protein.

PubMed

Maddukuri, Leena; Ketkar, Amit; Eddy, Sarah; Zafar, Maroof K; Griffin, Wezley C; Eoff, Robert L

2012-12-07

We have investigated the interaction between human DNA polymerase η (hpol η) and the Werner syndrome protein (WRN). Functional assays revealed that the WRN exonuclease and RecQ C-terminal (RQC) domains are necessary for full stimulation of hpol η-catalyzed formation of correct base pairs. We find that WRN does not stimulate hpol η-catalyzed formation of mispairs. Moreover, the exonuclease activity of WRN prevents stable mispair formation by hpol η. These results are consistent with a proofreading activity for WRN during single-nucleotide additions. ATP hydrolysis by WRN appears to attenuate stimulation of hpol η. Pre-steady-state kinetic results show that k(pol) is increased 4-fold by WRN. Finally, pulldown assays reveal a bipartite physical interaction between hpol η and WRN that is mediated by the exonuclease and RQC domains. Taken together, these results are consistent with alteration of the rate-limiting step in polymerase catalysis by direct protein-protein interactions between WRN and hpol η. In summary, WRN improves the efficiency and fidelity of hpol η to promote more effective replication of DNA.

Niels Bohr's discussions with Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schroedinger: the origins of the principles of uncertainty and complementarity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mehra, J.

1987-05-01

In this paper, the main outlines of the discussions between Niels Bohr with Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schroedinger during 1920-1927 are treated. From the formulation of quantum mechanics in 1925-1926 and wave mechanics in 1926, there emerged Born's statistical interpretation of the wave function in summer 1926, and on the basis of the quantum mechanical transformation theory - formulated in fall 1926 by Dirac, London, and Jordan - Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in early 1927. At the Volta Conference in Como in September 1927 and at the fifth Solvay Conference in Brussels the following month, Bohr publiclymore » enunciated his complementarity principle, which had been developing in his mind for several years. The Bohr-Einstein discussions about the consistency and completeness of quantum mechanics and of physical theory as such - formally begun in October 1927 at the fifth Solvay Conference and carried on at the sixth Solvay Conference in October 1930 - were continued during the next decades. All these aspects are briefly summarized.« less

Cellular deficiency of Werner Syndrome protein or RECQ1 promotes genotoxic potential of hydroquinone and benzo[a]pyrene exposure

PubMed Central

Garige, Mamatha; Sharma, Sudha

2014-01-01

The five known RecQ helicases in humans (RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQ5) have demonstrated roles in diverse genome maintenance mechanisms but their functions in safeguarding the genome from environmental toxicants are poorly understood. Here, we have evaluated a potential role of WRN (mutated in Werner Syndrome) and RECQ1 (the most abundant homolog of WRN) in hydroquinone and benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity. Silencing of WRN or RECQ1 expression in HeLa cells increased their sensitivity to hydroquinone and benzo[a]pyrene but elicited distinct DNA damage response. RECQ1-depleted cells exhibited increased RPA phosphorylation, Chk1 activation, and DNA double strand breaks as compared to control or WRN-depleted cells following exposure to benzo[a]pyrene treatment. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced double strand breaks in RECQ1-depleted cells were dependent on DNA-PK activity. Notably, loss of WRN in RECQ1-depleted cells ameliorated benzo[a]pyrene toxicity. Collectively, our results provide first indication of non-redundant participation of WRN and RECQ1 in protection from the potentially carcinogenic effects of benzo[a]pyrene and hydroquinone. PMID:25228686

Strand exchange of telomeric DNA catalyzed by the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) is specifically stimulated by TRF2

PubMed Central

Edwards, Deanna N.; Orren, David K.; Machwe, Amrita

2014-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS), caused by loss of function of the RecQ helicase WRN, is a hereditary disease characterized by premature aging and elevated cancer incidence. WRN has DNA binding, exonuclease, ATPase, helicase and strand annealing activities, suggesting possible roles in recombination-related processes. Evidence indicates that WRN deficiency causes telomeric abnormalities that likely underlie early onset of aging phenotypes in WS. Furthermore, TRF2, a protein essential for telomere protection, interacts with WRN and influences its basic helicase and exonuclease activities. However, these studies provided little insight into WRN's specific function at telomeres. Here, we explored the possibility that WRN and TRF2 cooperate during telomeric recombination processes. Our results indicate that TRF2, through its interactions with both WRN and telomeric DNA, stimulates WRN-mediated strand exchange specifically between telomeric substrates; TRF2's basic domain is particularly important for this stimulation. Although TRF1 binds telomeric DNA with similar affinity, it has minimal effects on WRN-mediated strand exchange of telomeric DNA. Moreover, TRF2 is displaced from telomeric DNA by WRN, independent of its ATPase and helicase activities. Together, these results suggest that TRF2 and WRN act coordinately during telomeric recombination processes, consistent with certain telomeric abnormalities associated with alteration of WRN function. PMID:24880691

Ethnic differences in thermoregulatory responses during resting, passive and active heating: application of Werner's adaptation model.

PubMed

Lee, Joo-Young; Wakabayashi, Hitoshi; Wijayanto, Titis; Hashiguchi, Nobuko; Saat, Mohamed; Tochihara, Yutaka

2011-12-01

For the coherent understanding of heat acclimatization in tropical natives, we compared ethnic differences between tropical and temperate natives during resting, passive and active heating conditions. Experimental protocols included: (1) a resting condition (an air temperature of 28°C with 50% RH), (2) a passive heating condition (28°C with 50% RH; leg immersion in a hot tub at a water temperature of 42°C), and (3) an active heating condition (32°C with 70% RH; a bicycle exercise). Morphologically and physically matched tropical natives (ten Malaysian males, MY) and temperate natives (ten Japanese males, JP) participated in all three trials. The results saw that: tropical natives had a higher resting rectal temperature and lower hand and foot temperatures at rest, smaller rise of rectal temperature and greater temperature rise in bodily extremities, and a lower sensation of thirst during passive and active heating than the matched temperate natives. It is suggested that tropical natives' homeostasis during heating is effectively controlled with the improved stability in internal body temperature and the increased capability of vascular circulation in extremities, with a lower thirst sensation. The enhanced stability of internal body temperature and the extended thermoregulatory capability of vascular circulation in the extremities of tropical natives can be interpreted as an interactive change to accomplish a thermal dynamic equilibrium in hot environments. These heat adaptive traits were explained by Wilder's law of initial value and Werner's process and controller adaptation model.

Parametric source of two-photon states with a tunable degree of entanglement and mixing: Experimental preparation of Werner states and maximally entangled mixed states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cinelli, C.; Di Nepi, G.; De Martini, F.

2004-08-01

A parametric source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with striking spatial characteristics is reported. The distribution of the output electromagnetic k modes excited by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and coupled to the output detectors can be very broad. Using these states realized over a full entanglement ring output distribution, the nonlocal properties of the generated entanglement have been tested by standard Bell measurements and by Ou-Mandel interferometry. A 'mode-patchwork' technique based on the quantum superposition principle is adopted to synthesize in a straightforward and reliable way any kind of mixed state, of large conceptual and technological interest in modern quantum information. Tunablemore » Werner states and maximally entangled mixed states have indeed been created by this technique and investigated by quantum tomography. A study of the entropic and nonlocal properties of these states has been undertaken experimentally and theoretically, by a unifying variational approach.« less

Checkpoint-dependent and independent roles of the Werner syndrome protein in preserving genome integrity in response to mild replication stress

PubMed Central

Basile, Giorgia; Leuzzi, Giuseppe; Pichierri, Pietro; Franchitto, Annapaola

2014-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a human chromosomal instability disorder associated with cancer predisposition and caused by mutations in the WRN gene. WRN helicase activity is crucial in limiting breakage at common fragile sites (CFS), which are the preferential targets of genome instability in precancerous lesions. However, the precise function of WRN in response to mild replication stress, like that commonly used to induce breaks at CFS, is still missing. Here, we establish that WRN plays a role in mediating CHK1 activation under moderate replication stress. We provide evidence that phosphorylation of CHK1 relies on the ATR-mediated phosphorylation of WRN, but not on WRN helicase activity. Analysis of replication fork dynamics shows that loss of WRN checkpoint mediator function as well as of WRN helicase activity hamper replication fork progression, and lead to new origin activation to allow recovery from replication slowing upon replication stress. Furthermore, bypass of WRN checkpoint mediator function through overexpression of a phospho-mimic form of CHK1 restores fork progression and chromosome stability to the wild-type levels. Together, these findings are the first demonstration that WRN regulates the ATR-checkpoint activation upon mild replication stress, preventing chromosome fragility. PMID:25352544

Increased frequency of DNA deletions in pink-eyed unstable mice carrying a mutation in the Werner syndrome gene homologue.

PubMed

Lebel, Michel

2002-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and the premature onset of a number of age-related diseases, including cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that the WS gene product is involved in resolving aberrant DNA structures that may arise during the process of DNA replication and/or transcription. To estimate the frequency of DNA deletions directly in the skin of mouse embryos, mice with a deletion of part of the murine WRN helicase domain were created. These mutant mice were then crossed to the pink-eyed unstable animals, which have a 70 kb internal duplication at the pink-eyed dilution (p) gene. This report indicates that the frequency of deletion of the duplicated sequence at the p locus is elevated in mice with a mutation in the WRN allele when compared with wild-type mice. In addition, the inhibitor of topoisomerase I camptothecin also increases the frequency of deletion at the p locus. This frequency is even more elevated in WRN mutant mice treated with camptothecin. In contrast, while the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity by 3-aminobenzamide increases the frequency of DNA deletion, mutant WRN mice are not significantly more sensitive to the inhibition of PARP activity than wild-type animals.

Improved Laboratory Values of the H{sub 2} Lyman and Werner Lines for Constraining Time Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Salumbides, E. J.; Khramov, A.; Wolf, A. L.

2008-11-28

Two distinct high-accuracy laboratory spectroscopic investigations of the H{sub 2} molecule are reported. Anchor lines in the EF{sup 1}{sigma}{sub g}{sup +}-X{sup 1}{sigma}{sub g}{sup +} system are calibrated by two-photon deep-UV Doppler-free spectroscopy, while independent Fourier-transform spectroscopic measurements are performed that yield accurate spacings in the B{sup 1}{sigma}{sub u}{sup +}-EF{sup 1}{sigma}{sub g}{sup +} and I{sup 1}{pi}{sub g}-C{sup 1}{pi}{sub u} systems. From combination differences accurate transition wavelengths for the B-X Lyman and the C-X Werner lines can be determined with accuracies better than {approx}5x10{sup -9}, representing a major improvement over existing values. This metrology provides a practically exact database to extract amore » possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio based on H{sub 2} lines in high-redshift objects. Moreover, it forms a rationale for equipping a future class of telescopes, carrying 30-40 m dishes, with novel spectrometers of higher resolving powers.« less

The DNA repair endonuclease XPG interacts directly and functionally with the WRN helicase defective in Werner syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trego, Kelly S.; Chernikova, Sophia B.; Davalos, Albert R.

XPG is a structure-specific endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair (NER). XPG incision defects result in the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum, whereas truncating mutations of XPG cause the severe postnatal progeroid developmental disorder Cockayne syndrome. We show that XPG interacts directly with WRN protein, which is defective in the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome, and that the two proteins undergo similar sub-nuclear redistribution in S-phase and co-localize in nuclear foci. The co-localization was observed in mid- to late-S-phase, when WRN moves from nucleoli to nuclear foci that have been shown to contain protein markers of both stalled replication forks andmore » telomeric proteins. We mapped the interaction between XPG and WRN to the C-terminal domains of each and show that interaction with the C-terminal domain of XPG strongly stimulates WRN helicase activity. WRN also possesses a competing DNA single-strand annealing activity that, combined with unwinding, has been shown to coordinate regression of model replication forks to form Holliday junction/chicken foot intermediate structures. We tested whether XPG stimulated WRN annealing activity and found that XPG itself has intrinsic strand annealing activity that requires the unstructured R- and C-terminal domains, but not the conserved catalytic core or endonuclease activity. Annealing by XPG is cooperative, rather than additive, with WRN annealing. Taken together, our results suggest a novel function for XPG in S-phase that is at least in part carried out coordinately with WRN, and which may contribute to the severity of the phenotypes that occur upon loss of XPG.« less

The direct collapse of a massive black hole seed under the influence of an anisotropic Lyman-Werner source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Regan, John A.; Johansson, Peter H.; Wise, John H., E-mail: john.regan@helsinki.fi

2014-11-10

The direct collapse model of supermassive black hole seed formation requires that the gas cools predominantly via atomic hydrogen. To this end we simulate the effect of an anisotropic radiation source on the collapse of a halo at high redshift. The radiation source is placed at a distance of 3 kpc (physical) from the collapsing object and is set to emit monochromatically in the center of the Lyman-Werner (LW) band. The LW radiation emitted from the high redshift source is followed self-consistently using ray tracing techniques. Due to self-shielding, a small amount of H{sub 2} is able to form atmore » the very center of the collapsing halo even under very strong LW radiation. Furthermore, we find that a radiation source, emitting >10{sup 54} (∼ 10{sup 3} J{sub 21}) photons s{sup –1}, is required to cause the collapse of a clump of M ∼ 10{sup 5} M {sub ☉}. The resulting accretion rate onto the collapsing object is ∼0.25 M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1}. Our results display significant differences, compared to the isotropic radiation field case, in terms of the H{sub 2} fraction at an equivalent radius. These differences will significantly affect the dynamics of the collapse. With the inclusion of a strong anisotropic radiation source, the final mass of the collapsing object is found to be M ∼ 10{sup 5} M {sub ☉}. This is consistent with predictions for the formation of a supermassive star or quasi-star leading to a supermassive black hole.« less

ROVIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED DIRECT PHOTODISSOCIATION THROUGH THE LYMAN AND WERNER TRANSITIONS OF H{sub 2} FOR FUV/X-RAY-IRRADIATED ENVIRONMENTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gay, C. D.; Porter, R. L.; Stancil, P. C.

Using ab initio potential curves and dipole transition moments, cross-section calculations were performed for the direct continuum photodissociation of H{sub 2} through the B{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub u} <- X{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub g} (Lyman) and C{sup 1}{Pi}{sub u} <- X{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub g} (Werner) transitions. Partial cross-sections were obtained for wavelengths from 100 A to the dissociation threshold between the upper electronic state and each of the 301 bound rovibrational levels v''J'' within the ground electronic state. The resulting cross-sections are incorporated into three representative classes of interstellar gas models: diffuse clouds, photon-dominated regions, and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs). The models, whichmore » used the CLOUDY plasma/molecular spectra simulation code, demonstrate that direct photodissociation is comparable to fluorescent dissociation (or spontaneous radiative dissociation, the Solomon process) as an H{sub 2} destruction mechanism in intense far-ultraviolet or X-ray-irradiated gas. In particular, changes in H{sub 2} rotational column densities are found to be as large as 20% in the XDR model with the inclusion of direct photodissociation. The photodestruction rate from some high-lying rovibrational levels can be enhanced by pumping from H Ly{beta} due to a wavelength coincidence with cross-section resonances resulting from quasi-bound levels of the upper electronic states. Given the relatively large size of the photodissociation data set, a strategy is described to create truncated, but reliable, cross-section data consistent with the wavelength resolving power of typical observations.« less

Vascular access: an historical perspective from Sir William Harvey to the 1956 Nobel prize to André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, and Dickinson W. Richards.

PubMed

Sette, Piersandro; Dorizzi, Romolo M; Azzini, Anna M

2012-01-01

Sir William Harvey (1578-1657), who had many precursors, discovered blood circulation in 1628 after a significant number of anatomic dissection of cadavers; his studies were continued by Sir Christopher Wren and Daniel Johann Major. The first central vein catheterization was performed on a horse by Stephen Hales, an English Vicar. In 1844, a century later, the French biologist Claude Bernard attempted the first carotid artery cannulation and repeated the procedure in the jugular vein, again on a horse. He was first to report the complications now well known to be associated with this maneuver. In 1929 Werner Forssmann tried cardiac catheterization on himself, but could not investigate the procedure further since his findings were rejected and ridiculed by colleagues. His work was continued by André Frédéric Cournand and Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr in the United States. In 1956 the three physicians shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their studies on vascular and cardiac systems. The genius and the perseverance of the three physicians paved the way towards peripheral and central catheter vein placement, one of the most frequently performed maneuvers in hospitals. Its history still remains unknown to most and deserves a short description.

Methylation of Werner syndrome protein is associated with the occurrence and development of invasive meningioma via the regulation of Myc and p53 expression.

PubMed

Li, Puxian; Hao, Shuyu; Bi, Zhiyong; Zhang, Junting; Wu, Zhen; Ren, Xiaohui

2015-08-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the positive rate of Werner syndrome protein (WRN) methylation in meningioma patients, and further assess the association between WRN methylation and the occurrence of meningioma. A total of 56 consecutive meningioma patients and 26 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the positive rate of WRN methylation in the peripheral blood and tissue samples collected from the recruited subjects. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels of WRN, Myc and p53 in the peripheral blood and tissue samples. The positive rate of WRN methylation in the peripheral blood of the meningioma group was increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the protein expression levels of WRN were significantly decreased in the peripheral blood and tissue samples collected from the individuals with a positive WRN methylation status (P<0.05), as compared with the samples without WRN methylation. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Myc and p53 were increased in the peripheral blood and tissue samples that exhibited positive WRN methylation when compared with those without WRN methylation (P<0.05). Therefore, WRN methylation was demonstrated to be associated with the occurrence and development of invasive meningioma, possibly through the regulation of Myc and p53 expression.

Service-Oriented Architectures and Project Optimization for a Special Cost Management Problem Creating Synergies for Informed Change between Qualitative and Quantitative Strategic Management Processes

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

Science, Werner Heisenberg -Weg 39,85577 Neubiberg, Germany,CA,93943 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S...University of the Federal Armed Forces of Germany Institute for Theoretic Computer Science Mathematics and Operations Research Werner Heisenberg -Weg...Research Werner Heisenberg -Weg 39 85577 Neubiberg, Germany Phone +49 89 6004 2400 Marco Schuler—Marco Schuler is an active Officer of the Federal

[Werner Leibbrand, Annemarie Wettley and controversies on "euthanasia" the background of medico-historical and ethical debates in the Post World War II era].

PubMed

Wiesinger, Christine; Frewer, Andreas

2014-01-01

Psychiatrists and medical historians Werner Leibbrand (1896 - 1974) and Annemarie Wettley (1913 - 1996) are amongst the most striking figures in the field of history of medicine. Leibbrand was appointed director of the "Heil- und Pflegeanstalt" in Erlangen shortly after the war. Fuelled by his own experiences of suppression and persecution during the Nazi era he promised to unearth the crimes and atrocities which had happened under watch of the Nazi regime. He was joined by Annemarie Wettley, who worked as a physician at the hospital and had developed an increasing interest in the history of medicine. In 1946 they published "Um die Menschenrechte der Geisteskranken" ("Human Rights of the Mentally Ill") about the "euthanasia" campaign of the Nazi regime. Although a number of substantial works followed, Leibbrand and Wettley failed to inform in more depth on crimes and atrocities, for instance killings of patients and forced malnutrition. Doubts and charges against Wettley regarding her role in dietary programmes at the Erlangen hospital and against Leibbrand regarding special expert's reports--both had a short-term arrest warrant--might have contributed to stagnation in their efforts. In 1953 Leibbrand accepted the offer of a chair at the University in Munich, Wettley followed and habilitated in history of medicine; in the year 1962 they married. Contacts and exchange amongst medico-historical experts shed light on developments during the post-war era; still, a critical and fundamental review of the crimes within the medical system of the Nazi regime did not take place during this time.

Technical Evaluation Report on the Flight Mechanics Panel Symposium on the Use of Computers as a Design Tool.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

by Professor Dr- gfrie r Hochschule der Bundeswehr Minchen Werner - Heisenberg -Weg 39 8014 Neubiberg, Germany DTI Tl sJUN . This Advisory Report was...Wagner March 1980 10. Author’s/Editor’s Address II. Pages Hochschule der Bundeswehr MUnchen Werner - Heisenberg -Weg 39 21 8014 Neubiberg, Germany 12...SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS AS A DESIGN TOOL by Professor Dr.-Ing. Siegfried N. Wagner Luftfahrttechnik Hochschule der Bundeswehr Mflnchen Werner

Martha Muchow and Organismic-Developmental Theory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wapner, Seymour

1985-01-01

Examines Martha Muchow's work from the perspective of Heinz Werner's organismic-developmental theory, in terms of its stress on the environment as perceived and experienced by the child and its relevance to Werner's concept of differing "spheres of reality." (Author/SO)

Down regulation of miR-124 in both Werner syndrome DNA helicase mutant mice and mutant Caenorhabditis elegans wrn-1 reveals the importance of this microRNA in accelerated aging

PubMed Central

Dallaire, Alexandra; Garand, Chantal; Paquet, Eric R.; Mitchell, Sarah J.; de Cabo, Rafael; Simard, Martin J.

2012-01-01

Small non-coding microRNAs are believed to be involved in the mechanism of aging but nothing is known on the impact of microRNAs in the progeroid disorder Werner syndrome (WS). WS is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-like DNA helicase. Mice lacking the helicase domain of the WRN ortholog exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including a pro-oxidant status and a shorter mean life span. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) with a nonfunctional wrn-1 DNA helicase also exhibit a shorter life span. Thus, both models are relevant to study the expression of microRNAs involved in WS. In this study, we show that miR-124 expression is lost in the liver of Wrn helicase mutant mice. Interestingly, the expression of this conserved miR-124 in whole wrn-1 mutant worms is also significantly reduced. The loss of mir-124 in C. elegans increases reactive oxygen species formation and accumulation of the aging marker lipofuscin, reduces whole body ATP levels and results in a reduction in life span. Finally, supplementation of vitamin C normalizes the median life span of wrn-1 and mir-124 mutant worms. These results suggest that biological pathways involving WRN and miR-124 are conserved in the aging process across different species. PMID:23075628

Theories of Intelligence, Learning, and Motivation as a Basis for Praxis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nderu-Boddington, Eulalee

2008-01-01

This paper examines how Piaget, Werner, and Gardner differ regarding the roles of cognition, intelligence, and learning in the developmental process. Piaget believes in the predominance of genetic factors. Werner stresses the influence of biological factors, while Gardner proposes that the environment plays a greater influence in how intelligence…

Synthesis and Characterization of Silyldichloramines, Their Reactions with F- Ions, Stability of N2CI2 and NCI2(-), and Formation of NCI3 (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

S. Can. J. Chem. 1987, 65, 88. (23) Werner, H. J.; Knowles, P. J.; Amos, R. D.; Bernhardsson, A.; Berning, A.; Celani, P.; Cooper, D. L.; Deegan , M. J...Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 3033. (25) Knowles, P. J.; Hampel, C.; Werner, H. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1994, 99, 5219. (26) Deegan , M. J. O.; Knowles, P. J. Chem

Mary A. Werner | NREL

Science.gov Websites

manage the portfolio of projects funded by non-DOE partners in the Deployment & Market Transformation Advanced and Renewable Technologies group. Education Executive MBA, University of Colorado, Denver B.S

Operational Implications of the NATO Strategic Concept 2010 for European Countries in NATO and the EU

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

ofthe Operational Art, by Michael 0 . Krause and Cody R. Phillips (Washington D.C.: Center of Military History, 2007), 444. The level of multinational...Werner, and Wolfgang Fett. Bericht uber das gemeinsame Berliner Colloquium 2009 von Clausewitz-Gesellschafi und Bundesakademie fiir Sicherheilspolitik...Vol. 5, in Die Jahrbiicher der C/ausewitz-Gesellschafi e. V. - Jahrbuch 2009, by Werner Baach and Wolfgang Fett, 13-24. Hamburg: C lausewitz

Effect of two-qutrit entanglement on quantum speed limit time of a bipartite V-type open system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Behzadi, N., E-mail: n.behzadi@tabrizu.ac.ir; Ahansaz, B.; Ektesabi, A.

In the present paper, quantum speed limit (QSL) time of a bipartite V-type three-level atomic system under the effect of two-qutrit entanglement is investigated. Each party interacts with own independent reservoir. By considering two local unitarily equivalent Werner states and the Horodecki PPT state, as initial states, the QSL time is evaluated for each of them in the respective entangled regions. It is counterintuitively observed that the effect of entanglement on the QSL time driven from each of the initial Werner states are completely different when the degree of non-Markovianity is considerable. In addition, it is interesting that the effectmore » of entanglement of the non-equivalent Horodecki state on the calculated QSL time displays an intermediate behavior relative to the cases obtained for the Werner states.« less

Writing My Way to My Future | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nathalie Walker, Guest Writer Editor’s note: This article is the second in a series describing one student’s perspective on her experiences as a Werner H. Kirsten student intern. “The future depends on what you do today.” Those wise words were spoken by Mahatma Gandhi. Before I started my Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student internship, I did not know what I know now. I only

Translations on Environmental Quality, Number 156.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-06

Needed Now, Editorial EASTERN EUROPE EAST GERMANY Water Pollutants Investigated (Heinrich Langmaack, Werner Winter; BAUERN-ECHO, 12/13 Nov 77) 5... INVESTIGATED East Berlin BAUERN-ECHO in German 12/13 Nov 77 p 8 /Article by Heinrich Langmaack and Werner Winter, Institute for Water Management...the occupation of the area, which BASA (the Bank of Amazonia ) have financed in 2 years, a total expenditure of about 6 billion cruzeiros. Each

The Determination of User Information Requirements during the Development of Management Information Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

Werner , Greenburg, and Goldberg [Ref. 51 1 for determining the p information needs of an outpatient clinic) tries to make up for this difficulty. Rather...observed to determine what information is being used and how it is being used. Werner et al. point out that, "The behavior of the physician does not...the " Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle," namely: ...any system development activity inevitably changes the environment out of which tte need for the

Genetics Home Reference: Werner syndrome

MedlinePlus

... a role in natural ageing? Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 May;37(5):947-60. Epub 2004 Dec 15. Review. Citation on ... are genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9? What is precision medicine? What is newborn ...

Computational Identification and Analysis of Signaling Subnetworks with Distinct Functional Roles in the Regulation of TNF Production

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-04

extract four distinct quantitative features of response timing and intensity: the trajectory peak height, the peak time, the area under the curve, and...J., 2007, 21, 325–332. 16 S. L. Werner, J. D. Kearns, V. Zadorozhnaya, C. Lynch, E. O’Dea, M. P. Boldin , A. Ma, D. Baltimore and A. Hoffmann, Genes...Werner, J. D. Kearns, V. Zadorozhnaya, C. Lynch, E. O’Dea, M. P. Boldin , A. Ma, D. Baltimore and A. Hoffmann, Genes Dev., 2008, 22, 2093–2101. 58 J

Selective Security Cooperation: A Proposed Index to Measure the Value of Partners and Focus International Engagement

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-13

United States Air Force Academy in 1993. As an Air Force pilot, he has flown the T-37C Tweet, the T-38A Talon and the U - 2S Dragon Lady. He served as... property of the United States government. iii Biography Lieutenant Colonel A.J. Werner is a student at the Air War College at Maxwell Air...speaks Bulgarian and German. Colonel Werner has flown over 100 combat missions and 4,200 hours in US and Bulgarian Air Force aircraft . In addition

[Two traditions in the scientific learning of the world. A case study of creation and reception of quantum mechanics over the period 1925-1927, on the bases of discussion between Werner Heisenberg and Albert Einstein].

PubMed

Krajniak, Wiktor

2014-01-01

The purpose of this article is the analyses of discussion between Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg in the period 1925-1927. Their disputes, relating to the sources of scientific knowledge, its methods and the value of knowledge acquired in this way, are part of the characteristic for the European science discourse between rationalism and empirism. On the basis of some sources and literature on the subject, the epistemological positions of both scholars in the period were reconstructed. This episode, yet poorly known, is a unique example of scientific disputes, whose range covers a broad spectrum of methodological problems associated with the historical development of science. The conducted analysis sheds some light on the source of popularity of logical empirism in the first half of the 20th century. A particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the neopositivist ideas which reflect Heisenberg's research program, being the starting point for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The main assumption of logical empirism, concerning acquisition of scientific knowledge only by means of empirical procedures and logical analysis of the language of science, in view of the voiced by Einstein arguments, bears little relationship with actual testing practices in the historical aspect of the development of science. The criticism of Heisenberg's program, carried out by Einstein, provided arguments for the main critics of the neopositivist ideal and contributed to the bankruptcy of the idea of logical empirism, thereby starting a period of critical rationalism prosperity, arising from criticism of neopositivism and alluding to Einstein's ideas.

Entanglement cost under positive-partial-transpose-preserving operations.

PubMed

Audenaert, K; Plenio, M B; Eisert, J

2003-01-17

We study the entanglement cost under quantum operations preserving the positivity of the partial transpose (PPT operations). We demonstrate that this cost is directly related to the logarithmic negativity, thereby providing the operational interpretation for this entanglement measure. As examples we discuss general Werner states and arbitrary bipartite Gaussian states. Then we prove that for the antisymmetric Werner state PPT cost and PPT entanglement of distillation coincide. This is the first example of a truly mixed state for which entanglement manipulation is asymptotically reversible, which points towards a unique entanglement measure under PPT operations.

Heisenberg: Paralleling Scientific and Historical Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cofield, Calla

2007-04-01

Werner Heisenberg is an important historical subject within the physics community partly because his actions as a human being are discussed nearly as often as his work as a physicist. But does the scientific community establish it's historical ideas with the same methods and standards as it's scientific conclusions? I interviewed Heisenberg's son, Jochen Heisenberg, a professor of physics at UNH. Despite a great amount of literature on Werner Heisenberg, only one historian has interviewed Jochen about his father and few have interviewed Werner's wife. Nature is mysterious and unpredictable, but it doesn't lie or distort like humans, and we believe it can give ``honest'' results. But are we keeping the same standards with history that we do with science? Are we holding historians to these standards and if not, is it up to scientists to not only be keepers of scientific understanding, but historical understanding as well? Shouldn't we record history by using the scientific method, by weighing the best sources of data differently than the less reliable, and are we right to be as stubborn about changing our views on history as we are about changing our views on nature?

Experimental detection of steerability in Bell local states with two measurement settings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orieux, Adeline; Kaplan, Marc; Venuti, Vivien; Pramanik, Tanumoy; Zaquine, Isabelle; Diamanti, Eleni

2018-04-01

Steering, a quantum property stronger than entanglement but weaker than non-locality in the quantum correlation hierarchy, is a key resource for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution applications, in which only one of the communicating parties is trusted. A fine-grained steering inequality was introduced in (2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 050305), enabling for the first time the detection of steering in all steerable two-qubit Werner states using only two measurement settings. Here, we numerically and experimentally investigate this inequality for generalized Werner states and successfully detect steerability in a wide range of two-photon polarization-entangled Bell local states generated by a parametric down-conversion source.

Writing My Way to My Future | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nathalie Walker, Guest Writer Editor’s note: This article is the second in a series describing one student’s perspective on her experiences as a Werner H. Kirsten student intern. “The future depends on what you do today.” Those wise words were spoken by Mahatma Gandhi. Before I started my Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student internship, I did not know what I know now. I only knew what each of Gandhi’s words meant individually. I now understand the full meaning of the phrase. To me, Gandhi’s words mean that nothing in life is handed to you. You have to work hard today to get the results you want tomorrow.

WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects.

PubMed

Yokote, Koutaro; Chanprasert, Sirisak; Lee, Lin; Eirich, Katharina; Takemoto, Minoru; Watanabe, Aki; Koizumi, Naoko; Lessel, Davor; Mori, Takayasu; Hisama, Fuki M; Ladd, Paula D; Angle, Brad; Baris, Hagit; Cefle, Kivanc; Palanduz, Sukru; Ozturk, Sukru; Chateau, Antoinette; Deguchi, Kentaro; Easwar, T K M; Federico, Antonio; Fox, Amy; Grebe, Theresa A; Hay, Beverly; Nampoothiri, Sheela; Seiter, Karen; Streeten, Elizabeth; Piña-Aguilar, Raul E; Poke, Gemma; Poot, Martin; Posmyk, Renata; Martin, George M; Kubisch, Christian; Schindler, Detlev; Oshima, Junko

2017-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation. © 2016 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects

PubMed Central

Yokote, Koutaro; Chanprasert, Sirisak; Lee, Lin; Eirich, Katharina; Takemoto, Minoru; Watanabe, Aki; Koizumi, Naoko; Lessel, Davor; Mori, Takayasu; Hisama, Fuki M.; Ladd, Paula D.; Angle, Brad; Baris, Hagit; Cefle, Kivanc; Palanduz, Sukru; Ozturk, Sukru; Chateau, Antoinette; Deguchi, Kentaro; Easwar, T.K.M; Federico, Antonio; Fox, Amy; Grebe, Theresa A.; Hay, Beverly; Nampoothiri, Sheela; Seiter, Karen; Streeten, Elizabeth; Piña-Aguilar, Raul E.; Poke, Gemma; Poot, Martin; Posmyk, Renata; Martin, George M.; Kubisch, Christian; Schindler, Detlev; Oshima, Junko

2017-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation. PMID:27667302

WHK Student Interns Named Top Scholars in Regeneron Science Talent Search | Poster

Cancer.gov

Two Werner H. Kirsten Student Interns were recently named Top Scholars in the 2017 Regeneron Science Talent Search, the nation’s most prestigious science and math competition for high school students.

75 FR 68773 - Meeting of the Ocean Research and Resources Advisory Panel

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-09

... Consortium for Ocean Leadership, 1201 New York Avenue, NW., 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20005. FOR FURTHER... science and management communities. Dated: November 2, 2010. D.J. Werner, Lieutenant Commander, Office of...

Angular distributions for the F+H2-->HF+H reaction: The role of the F spin-orbit excited state and comparison with molecular beam experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tzeng, Yi-Ren; Alexander, Millard H.

2004-09-01

We report quantum mechanical calculations of center-of-mass differential cross sections (DCS) for the F+H2→HF+H reaction performed on the multistate [Alexander-Stark-Werner (ASW)] potential energy surfaces (PES) that describe the open-shell character of this reaction. For comparison, we repeat single-state calculations with the Stark-Werner (SW) and Hartke-Stark-Werner (HSW) PESs. The ASW DCSs differ from those predicted for the SW and HSW PES in the backward direction. These differences arise from nonadiabatic coupling between several electronic states. The DCSs are then used in forward simulations of the laboratory-frame angular distributions (ADs) measured by Lee, Neumark, and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 82, 3045 (1985)]. The simulations are scaled to match experiment over the range 12°<Θlab<80°. As a natural consequence of the reduced backward scattering, the ASW ADs are more forward and sideways scattered than predicted by the HSW PES. At the two higher collision energies (2.74 and 3.42 kcal/mol) the enhanced sideways scattering of HF v'=2 products bring the ASW ADs in very good agreement with the experiment. At the lowest collision energy (1.84 kcal/mol), the simulations, for all three sets of PESs consistently underestimate the sideways scattering. The residual disagreements, particularly at the lowest collision energy, may be due to the known deficiencies in the PESs.

Recollections of Physics and of Physicists During the 1920's

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennison, David M.

1974-01-01

Presents the author's recollections of the emergence of the new quantum theory and his associations with such men as Oskar Klein, Niels Bohr, Frederick Hund, Werner Heisenberg, J. J. Thomson, and others. (GS)

Student Interns Tour Two NIH Facilities | Poster

Cancer.gov

Thirty-five Werner H. Kirsten student interns toured the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda in August to learn about the services and opportunities available.

Why Extra Gauge Bosons Should Exist and How to Hunt Them

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leike, Arnd

2003-09-01

Werner Heisenberg's work is the foundation for many topics of present research. This is also true for the search for extra gauge bosons. The prospects of future colliders in this search are shortly mentioned.

Line overlap and self-shielding of molecular hydrogen in galaxies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Draine, Bruce T., E-mail: gnedin@fnal.gov, E-mail: andrey@oddjob.uchicago.edu, E-mail: draine@astro.princeton.edu

2014-11-01

The effect of line overlap in the Lyman and Werner bands, often ignored in galactic studies of the atomic-to-molecular transition, greatly enhances molecular hydrogen self-shielding in low metallicity environments and dominates over dust shielding for metallicities below about 10% solar. We implement that effect in cosmological hydrodynamics simulations with an empirical model, calibrated against the observational data, and provide fitting formulae for the molecular hydrogen fraction as a function of gas density on various spatial scales and in environments with varied dust abundance and interstellar radiation field. We find that line overlap, while important for detailed radiative transfer in themore » Lyman and Werner bands, has only a minor effect on star formation on galactic scales, which, to a much larger degree, is regulated by stellar feedback.« less

Entanglement of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-symmetric states.

PubMed

Eltschka, Christopher; Siewert, Jens

2012-01-13

The first characterization of mixed-state entanglement was achieved for two-qubit states in Werner's seminal work [Phys. Rev. A 40, 4277 (1989)]. A physically important extension concerns mixtures of a pure entangled state [such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state] and the unpolarized state. These mixed states serve as benchmark for the robustness of multipartite entanglement. They share the symmetries of the GHZ state. We call such states GHZ symmetric. Here we give a complete description of the entanglement in the family of three-qubit GHZ-symmetric states and, in particular, of the three-qubit generalized Werner states. Our method relies on the appropriate parametrization of the states and on the invariance of entanglement properties under general local operations. An application is the definition of a symmetrization witness for the entanglement class of arbitrary three-qubit states.

Colds and flus - antibiotics

MedlinePlus

Antibiotics - colds and flu ... treat infections that are caused by a virus. Colds and flu are caused by viruses. If you ... J, Ericson K, Werner S. Treatment of the common cold in children and adults. Am Fam Physician. 2012; ...

Where Are They Now: Former WHK Intern Julianne Heberlein Moves from Science to Politics | Poster

Cancer.gov

Former Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) intern Julianne Heberlein—who worked in the Frederick National Laboratory Public Affairs and Communication Office under Frank Blanchard—credits the WHK program with setting her apart from other applicants when applying for her recent internships.

Heisenberg and the critical mass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernstein, Jeremy

2002-09-01

An elementary treatment of the critical mass used in nuclear weapons is presented and applied to an analysis of the wartime activities of the German nuclear program. In particular, the work of Werner Heisenberg based on both wartime and postwar documents is discussed.

New Light on Copenhagen and the German Nuclear Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassidy, David C.

The recent release of draft letters from Niels Bohr to Werner Heisenberg provides new insights into German fission research during World War II and into the reasons for its relative failure. I refute claims of deliberate failure and briefly summarize other contributing factors.

Unusual bridging of three nitrates with two bridgehead protons in an octaprotonated azacryptand

PubMed Central

Saeed, Musabbir A.; Fronczek, Frank R.; Huang, Ming-Ju; Hossain, Md. Alamgir

2010-01-01

Structural analysis of the nitrate complex of a thiophene-based azacryptand suggests that three nitrates are bridged with two bridgehead protons which play the topological role of two transition metal ions in a classical Werner type coordination complex bridging three anions. PMID:20066306

Hyper telomere recombination accelerates replicative senescence and may promote premature aging

PubMed Central

Hagelstrom, R. Tanner; Blagoev, Krastan B.; Niedernhofer, Laura J.; Goodwin, Edwin H.; Bailey, Susan M.

2010-01-01

Werner syndrome and Bloom syndrome result from defects in the RecQ helicases Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM), respectively, and display premature aging phenotypes. Similarly, XFE progeroid syndrome results from defects in the ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease. To gain insight into the origin of cellular senescence and human aging, we analyzed the dependence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies on location [i.e., genomic (G-SCE) vs. telomeric (T-SCE) DNA] in primary human fibroblasts deficient in WRN, BLM, or ERCC1-XPF. Consistent with our other studies, we found evidence of elevated T-SCE in telomerase-negative but not telomerase-positive backgrounds. In telomerase-negative WRN-deficient cells, T-SCE—but not G-SCE—frequencies were significantly increased compared with controls. In contrast, SCE frequencies were significantly elevated in BLM-deficient cells irrespective of genome location. In ERCC1-XPF-deficient cells, neither T- nor G-SCE frequencies differed from controls. A theoretical model was developed that allowed an in silico investigation into the cellular consequences of increased T-SCE frequency. The model predicts that in cells with increased T-SCE, the onset of replicative senescence is dramatically accelerated even though the average rate of telomere loss has not changed. Premature cellular senescence may act as a powerful tumor-suppressor mechanism in telomerase-deficient cells with mutations that cause T-SCE levels to rise. Furthermore, T-SCE-driven premature cellular senescence may be a factor contributing to accelerated aging in Werner and Bloom syndromes, but not XFE progeroid syndrome. PMID:20798040

Trends in Modern War Gaming: The Art of Conversation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

overtook, and in some cases replaced, these thought processes. as Jung aptly noted, “in the West, consciousness has been developed mainly through...Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in 1927, successive generations of quantum theorists have moved well beyond anecdotal claims into the realm of

Making a Difference: Innovations in Adult Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mauch, Werner, Ed.; Papen, Uta, Ed.

This book highlights examples of innovative educational practices in the field of organized adult learning. Fifteen chapters present outcomes of collective research in the Innovations in Nonformal and Adult Education (INNAE) project. "Common Learning--Collective Research: Innovating Adult Education" (Werner Mauch, Uta Papen) describes the…

Beyond Triage: The Escalation of Empowerment by U.S. Military Forces in Support of International Disaster Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-13

environment can be found in Soviet research on cultural-historical psychology. Lev Vygotsky , A.N. Leont’ev, A.R. Luria and others struggled to promote...Werner Heisenberg’s The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory for post-relativity physics cast the problem of environmental interaction as driven...

Havens of Resilience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Nan

2013-01-01

Schools are natural environments for helping all children cultivate the resilience that resides within them. Research shows that schools are filled with the conditions that promote resilience (Werner, 2003). These include caring, encouraging relationships, role models, and mentors (Theron & Engelbrecht, 2012; Thomsen, 2002; Walsh, 2012); clear…

Martha Muchow, 1892-1933: Her Life, Work, and Contribution to Developmental and Ecological Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wohlwill, Joachim F.

1985-01-01

Introduces the 1983 SRCD symposium on Martha Muchow, the German child psychologist and associate of William Stern and Heinz Werner at the University of Hamburg. Her work integrates developmental and ecological approaches to the study of children's knowledge of and interaction with their physical surroundings. (Author/SO)

A Developmental Framework for Enhancing Resiliency in Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orbke, Samantha; Smith, Heather L.

2013-01-01

Roughly one third of children subjected to abusive environments grow into healthy and capable adults, demonstrating remarkable resiliency, despite risks for developing maladaptive self-structures and destructive behaviors (Werner, "American Journal of Orthopsychiatry" 59:72-81 1989; Kendall-Tackett "et al.", "Psychological Bulletin" 113:164-180…

The Social Relevance of Montessori in the First Plane

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Sarah Werner

2015-01-01

This article represents an amazing reversal of linguistic analysis. Usually Montessori language is translated into "state" terminology. In this case, Sarah Werner Andrews puts state quality assessment terms into Montessori language. For example, domains for school readiness include 1) physical wellbeing and motor development, 2) social…

Strategies for High-Resolution 3-D Millimeter Wave Imaging.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-01

Co-Investigator K.S. Lee - Graduate Student (50%) P. Frangos - Graduate Student (50%) Y. Shen - Graduate Student (50%) K. Schultz - Graduate...period of this report: * P. Frangos (Ph.D.) - "One-Dinensionl Inverse Scattering: Exact Methods and Applications", * C.L. Werner (Ph.D.) - ŗ-D

WHK Interns Win Big at Frederick County Science Fair | Poster

Cancer.gov

Three Werner H. Kirsten student interns claimed awards at the 35th Annual Frederick County Science and Engineering Fair—and got a shot at the national competition—for imaginative projects that reached out to the rings of Saturn and down to the details of advanced cancer diagnostics.

The Role of Idiomorphs in Emergent Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neumann, Michelle M.; Neumann, David L.

2012-01-01

Psycholinguistics coined the term idiomorph to describe idiosyncratic invented word-like units that toddlers use to refer to familiar objects during their early language development (Haslett & Samter, 1997; Otto, 2008; Reich, 1986; Scovel, 2004; Werner & Kaplan, 1963). Idiomorphs act as "words" because their meanings and phonetic pronunciations…

Consortial Leadership: Cooperation in a Competitive Environment. Proceedings of the Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries (130th, Albuquerque, NM, May 14-16, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrett, Jaia, Ed.; Wetzel, Karen A., Ed.

The program of the 130th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) explored the leadership challenges posed by the juxtapositions of cooperation and competing priorities in a consortial environment. Following an opening and welcome (Gloria Werner, ARL Presiding President), and a Keynote Address, "Defining Successful…

World Perspective Case Descriptions on Educational Programs for Adults: Federal Republic of Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bugl, Helmut; And Others

This document contains the following case studies of West German adult education projects: (1) Counseling Courses in Agriculture (Bugl, Fehrenbach-Neumann); (2) The State Center for Political Education in Baden-Wurttemberg (Schiele); (3) Catholic Educational Organization Rottweil (Muller); (4) Adult Education Center--Herrenberg (Werner); (5)…

The historical development of modern virus research in Germany, especially in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-/Max-Planck-Society, 1936--1954.

PubMed

Butenandt, A

1977-01-01

This is lecture on the historical development of modern virus research in Germany to introduce a symposium dedicated to Prof. Werner Schäfer, Tübingen, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The author was set the task of relating from his memories the beginning of modern virus research in Germany. This research has, since 1936, essentially taken place in the Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max-Planck-Society and in 1954 led to the founding of the Max-Planck-Institute for Virus Research in Tübingen, an institute which to the present day owes its scientific reputation in considerable part to the activity of Werner Schäfer. Since the author personally experienced and participated in the Institute's development from 1936-1954, his remarks are predominantly influenced by personal recollections, which have been sharpended by a renewed study of old records in the 'Library and Archive of the History of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft', Berlin-Dahlem.

SOFIA Science Imagery

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-14

SCI2012_0003: SOFIA mid-infrared image of the planetary nebula Minkowski 2-9 (M2-9), also known as the Butterfly Nebula, compared with a visual-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope image at the same scale and orientation. The nebula is composed of two lobes of gas & dust expelled from a dying star with about the mass of our Sun that is seen at the center of the lobes. The HST image shows mostly ionized gas in the lobes whereas the SOFIA image shows mostly solid grains condensing in the gas. The SOFIA data were obtained during SOFIA's Early Science program in 2011 by a Guest Investigator team led by Michael Werner of Caltech/JPL using the FORCAST camera (P.I.Terry Herter, Cornell University). Credit: SOFIA image, RGB = 37, 24, 20 microns; NASA/DLR/USRA/DSI/FORCAST team/M. Werner et al./A. Helton, J. Rho; HST image: NASA/ESA/NSF/AURA/Hubble Heritage Team/STScI/B. Balick, V. Icke, G. Mellema

q-Deformed Minkowski Algebra and Its Space-Time Lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wess, J.

2Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) Föhringer Ring 6, D-80805 MünchenAbstract. We have asked how the Heisenberg relations of space and time change if we replace the Lorentz group by a q-deformed Lorentz group (Lorek et al. 1997).

Unification of Fundamental Forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salam, Abdus; Taylor, Foreword by John C.

2005-10-01

Foreword John C. Taylor; 1. Unification of fundamental forces Abdus Salam; 2. History unfolding: an introduction to the two 1968 lectures by W. Heisenberg and P. A. M. Dirac Abdus Salam; 3. Theory, criticism, and a philosophy Werner Heisenberg; 4. Methods in theoretical physics Paul Adrian Maurice Dirac.

77 FR 13125 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... inspection at 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202-2733. DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before... settlement are available for public inspection at 1445 Ross Avenue Dallas, Texas 75202-2733. A copy of the proposed settlement may be obtained from Robert Werner, Enforcement Officer, 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas...

Visualization and Rule Validation in Human-Behavior Representation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moya, Lisa Jean; McKenzie, Frederic D.; Nguyen, Quynh-Anh H.

2008-01-01

Human behavior representation (HBR) models simulate human behaviors and responses. The Joint Crowd Federate [TM] cognitive model developed by the Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center (VMASC) and licensed by WernerAnderson, Inc., models the cognitive behavior of crowds to provide credible crowd behavior in support of military…

How Great Is Your Student Intern? | Poster

Cancer.gov

Editor’s note: We asked Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP) mentors to tell us about the unique and diverse backgrounds of some of this year’s student interns. Alex Beall Microarray Group, Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program Mentors: Nicole Shrader and Stephanie Mellott, research associates

A Summary and Evaluation of Aquatic Environmental Data in Relation to Establishing Water Quality Criteria for Munitions-Unique Compounds. Part 3. White Phosphorus.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-01

cellular disruption * from WP than the cyanophytes. Additionally, the principal storage products of diatoms are lipids (Duke and Reiman 1977). The...PA 555 pp. 60 Duke, E.L. and B.E.F. Reiman . 1977. The ultrastructure of the diatom cell. In: The biology of diatoms. 0. Werner, ed. Botanical

Test Review: LeBuffe, P. A., & Naglieri, J. A. (1999). The Devereux Early Childhood Assessment. Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Press: LeBuffe, P. A., & Naglieri, J. A. (2003). Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Clinical Form (DECA-C). Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Press

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reddy, Linda

2007-01-01

Based on the seminal work of Emmy Werner (1990), practitioners have recognized the powerful role protective and risk factors play in the development of children's emotional and behavioral adjustment. Researchers have concluded that differences in children's reactions to difficult events are influenced by the type and level of protective factors in…

The "Hard Problem" and the Quantum Physicists. Part 1: The First Generation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, C. U. M.

2006-01-01

All four of the most important figures in the early twentieth-century development of quantum physics--Niels Bohr, Erwin Schroedinger, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli--had strong interests in the traditional mind--brain, or "hard," problem. This paper reviews their approach to this problem, showing the influence of Bohr's complementarity…

The Information Society in Europe: Work and Life in an Age of Globalization. Critical Media Studies: Institutions, Politics, and Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ducatel, Ken, Ed.; Webster, Juliet, Ed.; Herrmann, Werner, Ed.

This book takes stock of the existing socioeconomic knowledge about a range of the core social issues of the information society. Chapter 1, "Information Infrastructures or Societies?" (Ken Ducatel, Juliet Webster, Werner Herrmann), is an introduction. Part 1, "Space, Economy, and the Global Information Society" looks at the processes of economic…

Distinguishing between Development and Change: Reviving Organismic-Developmental Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raeff, Catherine

2011-01-01

The goal of this paper is to contribute to the revival of Heinz Werner's organismic-developmental theory by considering some of its key claims in relation to contemporary developmental theory and research. The organismic-developmental definition of development in terms of differentiation and integration is first discussed in relation to…

Business Education and Training: A Value-Laden Process. Volume II: The Developing Professional: Maintaining Values in "Practical" Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Natale, Samuel M., Ed.; Fenton, Mark B., Ed.

This volume contains 19 papers that explore value conflicts in all professions: "Changing Student Teacher Values with Respect to Business and Industry" (Ralph P. Williams, Elizabeth J. Foster); "Admissions Processes into Canadian Master of Social Work Programs in the 1990s" (John R. Graham, Beatrice Traub-Werner); "Organizational Paradigms and…

More than Talk: Relations between Emotion Understanding and Positive Behaviour in Toddlers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ensor, Rosie; Hughes, Claire

2005-01-01

Background. Associations between positive behaviour, emotion understanding and verbal ability have been reported in studies of preschoolers (Cassidy, Werner, Rourke, Zubernis, & Balaraman, 2003), but have yet to be investigated in younger children. Methods. In this study the performance of 36 toddlers (17 boys and 19 girls; mean age = 29…

Good scientists and honest people

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Andrew

2014-06-01

In early 1948, less than three years after the end of the Second World War in Europe, Werner Heisenberg - the Nobel laureate and physicist leader of the failed German atomic bomb project - was invited to the UK as part of an attempt to repair relations between British and German physicists.

"Paideia," Then and Now.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keppel, Francis

1990-01-01

Discusses two widely practiced principles of management (protecting the rear and knowing the limits of a job) as they relate to the philosophy of education. The article examines Werner Jaeger's definition of education in his 1939 book, "Paideia," as well as other definitions that have helped shape current educational management. (SM)

The Physics of "Copenhagen" for Students and the General Public.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergstrom, L.; Johansson, K. E.; Nilsson, Ch.

2001-01-01

The play Copenhagen has attracted the attention of a large audience in several countries. The hypothetical discussion between two of the giants in physics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, has inspired us to start a theoretical and experimental exploration of quantum physics. This theme has been used in Stockholm Science Laboratory for audiences…

A Comparison of Sequential Assimilation Schemes for Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM): Twin Experiments with Static Forecast Error Covariances

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

A.J.. Lozano. C. Tolman, H.L. Srinivasan. A.. Hankin. S„ Cornillon. P.. Weisberg, R.. Barth. A.. He. R.. Werner. C. Wilkin .. J.. 2009. U.S. GODAE...Halliwell. G.R., Wallcrart. A.J.. Metzger, E.J.. Blanton, B.O., a. CL. Rao, D.B., Hogan , P.J.. Srinivasan. A., 2006. Generalized vertical

Berlin's Adult Education Centres (Volkshochschulen) from 1945 to 1960.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Karl Heinz; Korthaase, Werner

Two lectures on the development of Berlin's adult education centers after World War II are included. The lecture by Werner Korthaase begins by describing the situation prior to 1920, when Berlin was divided into independent districts, each with its own administrative authorities. It then describes the reestablishment of the local adult education…

The Myth of the "Perfect" Child

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werner Andrews, Sarah

2017-01-01

Drawing on both extensive professional and deeply personal experience, Sarah Werner Andrews' vision of working with children carries profound respect and love throughout her guiding insight. She shares an understanding of those children who are the most challenging and provides a framework that allows us to embrace these and all children.…

77 FR 68775 - Notice of Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

... Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202-2733. DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before December 17, 2012... available for public inspection at 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202-2733. A copy of the proposed settlement may be obtained from Robert Werner at 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202-2733 or by calling...

Cul-de-Sac Kids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hochschild, Thomas R., Jr.

2013-01-01

Previous research indicates that adults who live on cul-de-sac streets are more likely to have positive experiences with neighbors than residents of other street types (Brown and Werner, 1985; Hochschild Jr, 2011; Mayo Jr, 1979; Willmott, 1963). The present research ascertains whether street design has an impact on children's neighborhood…

The Narrative Worlds of "What Is" and "What if"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel, Susan

2005-01-01

This paper advances the hypothesis that young children use narrative play and stories to construct two types of fiction, the worlds of "what is" and "what if." Heinz Werner's conceptualization of children's spheres of reality, in which actions, symbols, and events are constructed in particular ways, is used as a theoretical framework for…

The role of the F spin-orbit excited state in the F+H(2) and F+HD reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tzeng, Yi-Ren

In this dissertation we study the role of the F spin-orbit excited state (F*) in the F + H2 and F + HD reactions using quantum mechanical calculations. The calculations involve multiple potential energy surfaces (the Alexander-Stark-Werner, or ASW, PESs), and include an accurate treatment of the couplings (non-adiabatic, spin-orbit, and Coriolis) among all three electronic states. For the F + H2 reaction, we calculate the center-of-mass differential cross sections and laboratory-frame angular distributions at the four different combinations of collision energies and hydrogen isotopomer investigated in the experiments of Neumark et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 82, 3045 (1985)]. Comparisons with the calculations on the Stark-Werner (SW) and Hartke-Stark-Werner (HSW) PESs, which are limited to the lowest electronically adiabatic state, show that non-adiabatic couplings greatly reduce backward scattering. Surprisingly, we find the shapes of both the CM DCSs and LAB ADs are insensitive to the fraction of F* presented in the F beam. For the F + HD reaction, we calculate the excitation functions and product translational energy distribution functions to study the reactivity of F*. Comparisons with the experiment by Liu and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys., 113, 3633 (2000)] confirm the relatively low reactivity of spin-orbit excited state (F*) atoms. Excellent agreement with the experiment is obtained under the assumption that the F*:F concentration ratio equals 0.16:0.84 in the molecular beam, which corresponds to a thermal equilibrium of the two spin-orbit states at the experimental temperature (600K). From the accurate calculation of the F* reactivity and its relatively small contribution to the overall reactivity of the reaction, we attribute discrepancies between calculation and experiment to an inadequacy in the simulation of the reactivity of the F ground state, likely a result of the residual errors in the ground electronic potential energy surface.

Risk, Resilience, and Recovery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werner, Emmy

2012-01-01

In 1955, the first longitudinal study of resilience began on the island of Kauai. This research continues to the present. This article presents an interview with Emmy Werner, the principal investigator. In a series of five books published over a period of thirty years, she demonstrated the remarkable ability of children from difficult backgrounds…

Self-Selected Reading for Enjoyment as a College Developmental Reading Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paulson, Eric J.

2006-01-01

The field of college developmental reading does not have a unified, agreed-upon approach to creating effective and efficient readers at the college level, as Reynolds and Werner (2003) have pointed out. For example, Keefe and Meyer (1991) assert the appropriateness of a holistic, whole-language approach for adult readers, while Bohr (2003)…

Where Are They Now: Nathalie Walker Moves from Science to Activism and Art Communications | Poster

Cancer.gov

Whether it’s in a flowerbed or an art gallery, former Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student intern Nathalie Walker can’t help but to cause a buzz. Since completing her WHK internship in the summer of 2015, Walker has been attending Loyola University Maryland, where she is striving to make a positive impact on campus.

Twin-Screw Extruders in Ceramic Extrusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiedmann, Werner; Hölzel, Maria

The machines mainly used for compounding plastics, chemicals and food are co-rotating, closely intermeshing twin-screw extruders. Some 30 000 such extruders are in use worldwide, about 1/3 are ZSKs from Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer, Stuttgart. In the chemical industry more and more batch mixers are being replaced by continuous twin-screw kneaders.

Velocities and rotational excitation of interstellar H2 toward Pi Scorpii

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, Edward B.; Lees, Joanna F.; Van Dishoeck, Ewine F.; Wilcots, Eric M.

1989-01-01

A spectrum of Pi Sco showing numerous atomic lines and 70 absorption features from the Lyman and Werner transitions of interstellar H2 in rotational level J from zero to five is presented. Their shapes of the composite column density profiles are very nearly Gaussian with a one-dimensional rms velocity dispersion of 3 km/s. The behavior of shifts in the inferred N(H2) as a function of velocity are consistent with the overall profiles being composed of nearly symmetrical, tightly paced assemblies of about seven unresolved components. The relative overall column densities in the higher J levels of H2 are consistent with a model where these states are populated by optical pumping through the Lyman and Werner transitions, powered by UV radiation from nearby stars. The slight narrowing of the high-J profiles may be due to small clumps of H2 at radial velocities some 5-8 km/s from the core of the profile are exposed to a pumping flux about 10 times lower than that for the material near the profile's center.

Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the Jovian and Saturnian auroras

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Durrance, S. T.; Feldman, P. D.; Moos, H. W.

1982-01-01

The results of a series of IUE observations of the north polar aurora obtained during a substantial fraction of one complete rotation of Jupiter are presented. From these data a spectrum of the aurora with high signal to noise ratio, and a resolution of about 8 A was obtained, making possible the identification of many H2 Lyman and Werner bands. The spectrum is of sufficient quality to provide reliable quantative data for a comparison with the model atmosphere calculations. The lack of an observable absorption signature makes it possible to set an upper limit on the column density of CH4 and C2H6 above the auroral emissions and hence an upper limit on the primary particle energies. A comparison of this spectrum with a laboratory spectrum of discharge excited H2 shows a remarkable similarity. The results of several IUE observations of the full disk of Saturn are also examined. The exposures were of approximately 2 hours each, and the H2 Lyman and Werner bands were observed near the north pole in two of them.

The spectrum of the Jovian dayglow observed at 3 A resolution with the Hopkins ultraviolet telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feldman, P. D.; Mcgrath, M. A.; Moos, H. W.; Durrance, S. T.; Strobel, D. F.; Davidsen, A. F.

1993-01-01

Ultraviolet spectra of the Jovian equatorial dayglow in the spectral range 830-1850 A were obtained at about 3 A resolution. The observed spectrum is dominated by electron impact excitation of the H2 Lyman and Werner band systems. Solar Lyman-beta induced fluorescence in the (6, nu-double prime) Lyman band progression is clearly identified in five distinct P(1) lines, and the contribution of solar fluorescence to the total 2.3 kR slit-averaged H2 emission rate is estimated to be 17-22 percent. The electron excitation spectrum is characterized by a relative weakness of the Werner band system and the absence of cascade contributions to the Lyman system and is very similar to that of the south polar aurora. The integrated H2 emission rate in the 900-1100 A band is a factor of two lower than that measured by the Voyager UVS. Based on model calculations, photoelectron excitation does not appear able to account for the amount of observed electron-excited H2 emission.

Toward a Global 1/25 deg HYCOM Ocean Prediction System with Tides

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-30

Wallcraft, C. Lozano, H. L.Tolman, A. Srinivasan, S. Hankin, P. Cornillon, R. Weisberg, A. Barth, R. He, C. Werner, and J. Wilkin , 2009. U.S. GODAE...United States. Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0988-7. Xu, X., W.J. Schmitz Jr., H.E. Hurlburt, P.J. Hogan , and E.P. Chassignet, 2010. Transport

WHK Interns Highlight the Importance of Their Work | Poster

Cancer.gov

The Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student interns at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick are participating in groundbreaking cancer research, along with large-scale projects and technological advancements, during their senior year of high school. The interns at NCI at Frederick are given more than the opportunity to watch the research; they participate in and conduct

Alumni of High School Internship Program Return for 25th Anniversary to Inspire Current Students | Poster

Cancer.gov

The Building 549 auditorium is often packed with high school interns eager to hear a scientific lecture. On April 22, however, the room swelled with interns spanning a wider age range. At the 25th Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program (WHK SIP) Anniversary Symposium, incoming, current, and former interns gathered to celebrate the program, which has provided biomedical

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Giovannetti, Vittorio; Lloyd, Seth; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

The Amosov-Holevo-Werner conjecture implies the additivity of the minimum Renyi entropies at the output of a channel. The conjecture is proven true for all Renyi entropies of integer order greater than two in a class of Gaussian bosonic channel where the input signal is randomly displaced or where it is coupled linearly to an external environment.

Studies in Southwestern Ethnolinguistics; Meaning and History in the Languages of the American Southwest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hymes, Dell H., Ed.; Bittle, William E., Ed.

The present festschrift honoring Harry Hoijer is prefaced by the editor, Dell Hymes, and introduced by Stanley Newman. Papers are grouped according to the following content areas and authors: (1) "Meaning in Cultural Forms": D.F. Aberle, F. Eggan, R.A. Black, and D.L. Olmsted; (2) "Meaning in Lexical Systems": S. Ervin-Tripp, H. Landar, O. Werner,…

Student Interns Share the Spirit of Science | Poster

Cancer.gov

They came for a science lesson. They left with more. The new Werner H. Kirsten student interns filed into the auditorium in Building 549 to expand their knowledge of fundamental laboratory practices, as part of the Science Skills Boot Camp. A panel of presenters instructed the attendees on skills such as reading scientific papers effectively, practicing proper research ethics,

Expanding STEM Education | Poster

Cancer.gov

Editor’s note: This article is written as a reflection on experiential STEM education by a student who completed her Werner H. Kirsten internship in June 2015. Here, she advocates for incorporating hands-on experience into STEM curricula. If the only way for high school students to learn science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is through textbooks, then count

Student Intern Freed Competes at Intel ISEF, Two Others Awarded at Local Science Fair | Poster

Cancer.gov

Class of 2014–2015 Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student intern Rebecca “Natasha” Freed earned a fourth-place award in biochemistry at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), the largest high school science research competition in the world, according to the Society for Science & the Public’s website. Freed described the event as “transformative

Metallosupramolecular Architectures Obtained from Poly-N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligands.

PubMed

Sinha, Narayan; Hahn, F Ekkehardt

2017-09-19

Over the past two decades, self-assembly of supramolecular architectures has become a field of intensive research due to the wide range of applications for the resulting assemblies in various fields such as molecular encapsulation, supramolecular catalysis, drug delivery, metallopharmaceuticals, chemical and photochemical sensing, and light-emitting materials. For these purposes, a large number of coordination-driven metallacycles and metallacages featuring different sizes and shapes have been prepared and investigated. Almost all of these are Werner-type coordination compounds where metal centers are coordinated by nitrogen and/or oxygen donors of polydentate ligands. With the evolving interest in the coordination chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), discrete supramolecular complexes held together by M-C NHC bonds have recently become of interest. The construction of such metallosupramolecular assemblies requires the synthesis of suitable poly-NHC ligands where the NHC donors form labile bonds with metal centers thus enabling the formation of the thermodynamically most stable reaction product. In organometallic chemistry, these conditions are uniquely met by the combination of poly-NHCs and silver(I) ions where the resulting assemblies also offer the possibility to generate new structures by transmetalation of the poly-NHC ligands to additional metal centers forming more stable C NHC -M bonds. Stable metallosupramolecular assemblies obtained from poly-NHC ligands feature special properties such as good solubility in many less polar organic solvents and the presence of the often catalyticlly active {M(NHC) n } moiety as building block. In this Account, we review recent developments in organometallic supramolecular architectures derived from poly-NHC ligands. We describe dinuclear (M = Ag I , Au I , Cu I ) tetracarbene complexes obtained from bis-NHC ligands with an internal olefin or two external coumarin pendants and their postsynthetic modification via a

The physics of Copenhagen for students and the general public

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bergström, L.; Johansson, K. E.; Nilsson, Ch

2001-09-01

The play Copenhagen has attracted the attention of a large audience in several countries. The hypothetical discussion in Copenhagen between two of the giants in physics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, has inspired us to start a theoretical and experimental exploration of quantum physics. This theme has been used in Stockholm Science Laboratory for audiences of both students and the general public.

Latency-Information Theory: The Mathematical-Physical Theory of Communication-Observation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Werner Heisenberg of quantum mechanics; 3) the source-entropy and channel-capacity lossless performance bounds of Claude Shannon that guide...through noisy intel-space channels, and where the physical time-dislocations of intel-space exhibit a passing of time Heisenberg information...life-space sensor, and where the physical time- dislocations of life-space exhibit a passing of time Heisenberg information-uncertainty; and 4

Where Are They Now: Janine Bahsali’s Journey from Researcher to Counselor and Beyond | Poster

Cancer.gov

Former Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) intern Janine Bahsali, who will be attending Adler University this fall to pursue a doctorate in clinical psychology, credits her internships at NCI at Frederick with starting her down the path toward a Ph.D. Bahsali joined the WHK Student Intern Program during her senior year of high school, working in Occupational Health Services with mentor

WHK Interns Sweep Entire Category at Frederick County Science Fair | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The competitors in the cellular and molecular biology category of the Frederick County Science and Engineering Fair on March 22–23 didn’t stand a chance against the Werner H. Kirsten student interns at the National Cancer Institute at Frederick. These interns swept the entire category, with Madelyne Xiao, a rising intern, winning first place;

An Integral Part of the Frederick Community—Michael Dean | Poster

Cancer.gov

For more than 30 years, Michael Dean, Ph.D., has been an integral part of the NCI at Frederick community. In addition to studying several different aspects of genomics and cancer research, he has worked with the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program and also volunteered his time with Mission of Mercy, a community-based organization providing free healthcare and free

The physiognomic unity of sign, word, and gesture.

PubMed

Cornejo, Carlos; Musa, Roberto

2017-01-01

Goldin-Meadow & Brentari (G-M&B) are implicitly going against the dominant paradigm in language research, namely, the "speech as written language" metaphor that portrays vocal sounds and bodily signs as means of delivering stable word meanings. We argue that Heinz Werner's classical research on the physiognomic properties of language supports and complements their view of sign and gesture as a unified system.

Where Are They Now: Emily Burnett Aims Even Higher Thanks to Internship Experience | Poster

Cancer.gov

Emily Burnett, a five-time intern with NCI at Frederick’s Occupational Health Services (OHS), says the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program program helped shape her current career trajectory. When she began her first OHS internship in 2015, her heart was set on becoming a nurse. However, after working with mentor Sarah Hooper and secondary mentor Patricia Claude, she

DNA secondary structure of the released strand stimulates WRN helicase action on forked duplexes without coordinate action of WRN exonuclease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahn, Byungchan, E-mail: bbccahn@mail.ulsan.ac.kr; Bohr, Vilhelm A.

2011-08-12

Highlights: {yields} In this study, we investigated the effect of a DNA secondary structure on the two WRN activities. {yields} We found that a DNA secondary structure of the displaced strand during unwinding stimulates WRN helicase without coordinate action of WRN exonuclease. {yields} These results imply that WRN helicase and exonuclease activities can act independently. -- Abstract: Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive premature aging disorder characterized by aging-related phenotypes and genomic instability. WS is caused by mutations in a gene encoding a nuclear protein, Werner syndrome protein (WRN), a member of the RecQ helicase family, that interestingly possessesmore » both helicase and exonuclease activities. Previous studies have shown that the two activities act in concert on a single substrate. We investigated the effect of a DNA secondary structure on the two WRN activities and found that a DNA secondary structure of the displaced strand during unwinding stimulates WRN helicase without coordinate action of WRN exonuclease. These results imply that WRN helicase and exonuclease activities can act independently, and we propose that the uncoordinated action may be relevant to the in vivo activity of WRN.« less

Quality of economically extractable coal beds in the Gillette coal field as compared with other Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ellis, Margaret S.

2002-01-01

The Powder River Basin, and specifically the Gillette coal field, contains large quantities of economically extractable coal resources. These coal resources have low total sulfur content and ash yield, and most of the resources are subbituminous in rank. A recent U.S Geological Survey study of economically extractable coal in the Gillette coal field focused on five coal beds, the Wyodak rider, Upper Wyodak, Canyon, Lower Wyodak-Werner, and Gates/Kennedy. This report compares the coal quality of these economically extractable coal beds to coal in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone in the Powder River Basin and in the Gillette coal field (Flores and others, 1999) and other produced coal in the Gillette coal field (Glass, 2000). The Upper Wyodak, Canyon, and Lower Wyodak/Werner beds are within the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone. Compared with all coal in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone, both throughout the Powder River Basin and just within the Gillette coal field; the thick, persistent Upper Wyodak coal bed in the Gillette coal field has higher mean gross calorific value (8,569 Btu/lb), lower mean ash yield (5.8 percent), and lower mean total sulfur content (0.46 percent).

Physikgeschichte Das Rätsel bleibt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, Dieter

2002-05-01

Die jüngst erfolgte Veröffentlichung von Dokumenten aus dem Privatarchiv der Familie Bohr [1] über den geheimnisumwitterten Besuch von Werner Heisenberg in Kopenhagen im September 1941 hat in den deutschen Medien große Resonanz gefunden [2]. Tatsächlich verraten uns die jetzt veröffentlichten Dokumente sehr viel mehr über die Zeit ihres Entstehens als über den Besuch selbst.

Celebrating 25 Years of Student Mentoring | Poster

Cancer.gov

Most employees of NCI at Frederick have heard of the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program (WHK SIP). The reason is simple—it has been wildly successful. And on Friday, April 22, the program will celebrate 25 years of mentoring and learning at the WHK SIP 25th Anniversary Symposium and Awards Ceremony. During the morning session, several former interns will talk about the

Alumni of High School Internship Program Return for 25th Anniversary to Inspire Current Students | Poster

Cancer.gov

The Building 549 auditorium is often packed with high school interns eager to hear a scientific lecture. On April 22, however, the room swelled with interns spanning a wider age range. At the 25th Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program (WHK SIP) Anniversary Symposium, incoming, current, and former interns gathered to celebrate the program, which has provided biomedical research experience for local high school seniors.

WHK Student Internship Enrollment, Mentor Participation Up More than 50 Percent | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP) has enrolled the largest class ever for the 2013–2014 academic year, with 66 students and 50 mentors. This enrollment reflects a 53 percent increase in students and a 56 percent increase in mentors, compared to 2012–2013 (43 students and 32 mentors), according to Julie Hartman, WHK SIP director.

Student Intern Ben Freed Competes as Finalist in Intel STS Competition, Three Other Interns Named Semifinalists | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer Werner H. Kirstin (WHK) student intern Ben Freed was one of 40 finalists to compete in the Intel Science Talent Search (STS) in Washington, DC, in March. “It was seven intense days of interacting with amazing judges and incredibly smart and interesting students. We met President Obama, and then the MIT astronomy lab named minor planets after each

Formally Generating Adaptive Security Protocols

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

User Interfaces for Theorem Provers, 2012. [9] Xiaoming Liu, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Jason J. Hickey, Mark Hayden, Ken- neth Birman, and...Constable, Mark Hayden, Jason Hickey, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Ohad Rodeh, and Werner Vogels. The Horus and Ensemble projects: Accom...plishments and limitations. In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX 2000), pages 149–161, Hilton Head, SC, 2000. IEEE

Wave-Particle Dualism in Action

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schleich, Wolfgang P.

The wave-particle dualism, that is the wave nature of particles and the particle nature of light together with the uncertainty relation of Werner Heisenberg and the principle of complementarity formulated by Niels Bohr represent pillars of quantum theory. We provide an introduction into these fascinating yet strange aspects of the microscopic world and summarize key experiments confirming these concepts so alien to our daily life.

Proceedings of the Annual Acquisition Research Symposium (7th), Acquisition Research: Creating Synergy for Informed Change 12-13 May 2010. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-30

delivered enhances both the teaching and learning processes. • The number of students engaged in focused acquisition research for their MBA projects...Meyers, US Navy—Lieutenant Nicholas Meyers is an MBA student in the Graduate School of Business & Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School . LT...Theoretic Computer Science Mathematics and Operations Research Werner Heisenberg-Weg 39 85577 Neubiberg, Germany Phone +49 89 6004 2400 Abstract

Precision Relative Positioning for Automated Aerial Refueling from a Stereo Imaging System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

PRECISION RELATIVE POSITIONING FOR AUTOMATED AERIAL REFUELING FROM A STEREO IMAGING SYSTEM THESIS Kyle P. Werner, 2Lt, USAF AFIT-ENG-MS-15-M-048...REFUELING FROM A STEREO IMAGING SYSTEM THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate School of...RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. AFIT-ENG-MS-15-M-048 PRECISION RELATIVE POSITIONING FOR AUTOMATED AERIAL REFUELING FROM A STEREO IMAGING SYSTEM THESIS

Students Share Their Research at Student Poster Day | Poster

Cancer.gov

Students Share Their Research at Student Poster Day  By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer More than 50 Werner H. Kirsten student interns and college interns presented their research at Summer Student Poster Day on August 6 in the Building 549 lobby.  Joseph Bergman, a high school intern in the Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Laboratory, participated in the event “for the

DoD Implementation of the Better Buying Power Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

statutory measures (Budget Control Act of 2011), Congress has been directed to face this problem and provide a workable solution or face the evils...Defense Support Program (DSP) to provide the capabilities that the SBIRS has had problems delivering (Richelson, 2007; Werner, 2011). The purpose of the...Defense David Packard took office. They were keen on addressing the problems plaguing defense acquisition: excessive centralization, inefficiencies

Former Intern: Amy Stull Returns to Her Roots | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer When Amy Stull, a 2000 graduate of Walkersville High School, began working in a laboratory at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, she likely did not know the role NCI would play in her career. Stull started at NCI as a Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student intern after her junior year of high school, working in a lab as she

Circulatory Shock. Volume 34. Number 1. May 1991. International Conference on Shock (2nd), Meeting of European Shock Society (5th), Annual Meeting of the Shock Society (USA) (14th), Vienna Shock Form (3rd) Held in Vienna, Austria on 2-6 June 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-06

OCTADECENOATE, AS A BURN TOXIN Takayuki Ozawa, Mika Hayakawa, Kazuhiro Kosaka, Satoru Sugiyama, Kazuhisa Yokoo, Hisashi Aoyama, and Yohei Izawa Department...shock. 41 CARDIOPULMONARY HEMODYNAMIC AND PERIPHERAL CIRCULATORY RESPONSES IN SHOCK T. Muteki, N. Kaku. T. Fukushige, I. Kohno and T. Hiraki Department...Tadashi, 242 Machleidt, Werner, 213 Ozawa, Takayuki , 11 Kawarada, Yoshifumi, 442 Mackie, D.P., 348 Ozawa, Kazue, 268 Keser, Claudia, 380 Maitra, Subir R

WHK Student Internship Enrollment, Mentor Participation Up More than 50 Percent | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP) has enrolled the largest class ever for the 2013–2014 academic year, with 66 students and 50 mentors. This enrollment reflects a 53 percent increase in students and a 56 percent increase in mentors, compared to 2012–2013 (43 students and 32 mentors), according to Julie Hartman, WHK SIP

Faithful Tropicalization of Hypertoric Varieties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kutler, Max B.

The hypertoric variety MA defined by an arrangement A of affine hyperplanes admits a natural tropicalization, induced by its embedding in a Lawrence toric variety. In this thesis, we explicitly describe the polyhedral structure of this tropicalization and calculate the fibers of the tropicalization map. Using a recent result of Gubler, Rabinoff, and Werner, we prove that there is a continuous section of the tropicalization map.

Spring Research Festival Features Visit from FCPS Superintendent | Poster

Cancer.gov

One of the highlights of the 19th annual Spring Research Festival (SRF), held May 4–7, was a visit from Terry Alban, Ph.D., superintendent of Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS), and Mike Markoe, deputy superintendent, FCPS. They toured the event on May 7, talking to researchers and students about their posters. “Dr. Alban was very interested in hearing what the Werner H.

Former WHK Intern Returns to NCI at Frederick as Earl-Stadtman Investigator | Poster

Cancer.gov

The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling (LCDS) recently welcomed John Brognard, Ph.D., as the new Earl-Stadtman Investigator. While Brognard is new to this role, he is not new to NCI at Frederick. In high school, Brognard was a Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern in what was formerly known as the ABL research program, where he worked under Bob Moschel, Ph.D., senior

Multi-Sensor Mapping of Diffuse Degassing of C-O-H Compounds in Terrestrial Hydrothermal Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwandner, F. M.; Shock, E. L.

2004-12-01

In-situ single-sensor detection and mapping of diffuse degassing phenomena in hydrothermal and volcanic areas can be used to elucidate subsurface tectonic structures, assess emission rates, and to monitor emission variability (Williams 1985; Chiodini et al. 1996, Werner et al., 2003). More than one technique has been deployed to measure several gas species simultaneously (e.g., Crenshaw et al. 1982), and correlations of one gas species (usually CO2) with physical parameters like heat flux (Brombach et al., 2001), or with one other gas species (Rn, He) have been demonstrated (Barberi & Carapezza 1994; Williams-Jones et al., 2000). Recently, correlations of multiple gas species with one another were reported (Schwandner et al., 2004), leading to the possibility of quantitative mapping of subsurface hydrothermal chemical processes by simultaneous measurement of reaction partners and products that continuously and diffusely degas. In the present study, we joined a fully-quantitative multi-sensor instrument (Draeger Multiwarn II) to a modified accumulation-chamber sensing method (Chiodini et al., 1996) and measured diffuse degassing of CH4, H2, CO2, CO, and H2S. In this approach, each batch of gas that is recirculated through the detector is simultaneously analyzed by all sensors. To test this approach we chose two magmatically influenced, hydrothermally active areas at Yellowstone National Park (USA): Sylvan Springs and the Greater Obsidian Pool Area. The area near Obsidian Pool was previously studied during a diffuse CO2 degassing campaign (Werner & Brantley, 2004). Preliminary results show that elevated reduced gas emissions appear to be most prominent near hydrothermal pools, whereas CO2-dominated degassing anomalies highlight subsurface tectonic structures. This multimodal distribution allows us to distinguish deep degassing sources (CO2 anomalies) from shallow localized hydrothermal processes (reduced gas anomalies). The results permit us to positively identify

Environmental Support to Amphibious Craft, Patrol Boats, and Coastal Ships: An Annotated Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-05

article describes the utility of the system to provide information on water level changes around Tampa Bay during Hurricane Andrew. Such a system could...sufficient observations. 85. Wyatt, Lucy R., Jim J. Green, Klaus-Werner Gurgel, Jose C. Nieto Borge, Konstanze Reichert, Katrin Hessner, Heinz Günther...through the ecosystems, and (5) patterns, frequencies and effects of disturbances such as hurricanes , landuse changes or forest harvesting. 99. Marine

Entropic Uncertainty Relation and Information Exclusion Relation for multiple measurements in the presence of quantum memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Yang; Yu, Chang-Shui

2015-06-01

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle shows that no one can specify the values of the non-commuting canonically conjugated variables simultaneously. However, the uncertainty relation is usually applied to two incompatible measurements. We present tighter bounds on both entropic uncertainty relation and information exclusion relation for multiple measurements in the presence of quantum memory. As applications, three incompatible measurements on Werner state and Horodecki’s bound entangled state are investigated in details.

Quantum Mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

A development of quantum theory that was initiated in the 1920s by Werner Heisenberg (1901-76) and Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961). The theory drew on a proposal made in 1925 Prince Louis de Broglie (1892-1987), that particles have wavelike properties (the wave-particle duality) and that an electron, for example, could in some respects be regarded as a wave with a wavelength that depended on its mo...

Physicists and Physics in Munich

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teichmann, Jürgen; Eckert, Michael; Wolff, Stefan

We give a tour of Munich and some outlying sites that focuses on the lives and work of the most prominent physicists who lived in the city, Count Rumford, Joseph Fraunhofer, Georg Simon Ohm, Max Planck, Ludwig Boltzmann, Albert Einstein, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Wilhelm Wien, Arnold Sommerfeld, Max von Laue, and Werner Heisenberg. We close with a self-guided tour that describes how to reach these sites in Munich.

Injury Prevention and Performance Enhancement in 101st Airbourne Soldiers

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

those of elite athletes, with similar performance and nutrition needs. Dietary recommendations have been developed for the optimal amount of...2005. 33(3): p. 415-23. 10. Alonso AC, Greve JM, and Camanho GL: Evaluating the center of gravity of dislocations in soccer players with and without...Pietila T, and Werner S: Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players : a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surg

Counter Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Operations, This document compliments JCS Pub 3-11

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-08-16

Successful German Chemical Attack The concept of creating a toxic gas cloud from chemical cylinders was credited to Fritz Haber of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical...of considerations: The high caliber of German theoretical and experimental physicists like Otto Hahn, Paul Harteck, Werner Heisenberg, Fritz ...Institute of Berlin in late 1914. Owing to a shortage of artillery shells, Haber thought a chemical gas cloud would negate the enemy’s earthworks

Middle East and North Africa Database Development and Research to Populate the DOE Knowledge Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-09-01

strongly in the Arabian peninsula, except in the shield region. The two deep basins in the northern Arabian peninsula, in the Palmyrides and the Rutbah...eastern Mediterranean) crust from multiple-source Werner deconvolution of Bouguer gravity anomalies, J. Geophy. Res., 104, 25,469-25,478, 1999...discontinuities beneath the Arabian Shield, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 2,873-2,876, 1998b. Sweeney, J., and B. Walter, Preliminary Definition of

An Integral Part of the Frederick Community—Michael Dean | Poster

Cancer.gov

For more than 30 years, Michael Dean, Ph.D., has been an integral part of the NCI at Frederick community. In addition to studying several different aspects of genomics and cancer research, he has worked with the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program and also volunteered his time with Mission of Mercy, a community-based organization providing free healthcare and free prescription medications to the uninsured and under-insured.

Environmental Perturbations, Behavioral Change, and Population Response in a Long-Term Northern Elephant Seal Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

maintain either constant immigration or reproductive rates near 1.0 to maintain stable population growth. IMPACT/APPLICATIONS Using...Costa. 2013. Movement and diving patterns of juvenile male South American sea lions off the coast of central Chile . Marine Mammal Science:n/a-n/a...coast of central Chile . Marine Mammal Science 30:1175-1183. Jeglinski, J. W., K. T. Goetz, C. Werner, D. P. Costa, and F. Trillmich. 2013. Same

Adapting the Law of Armed Conflict to Autonomous Weapon Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U. S. Naval War College,Newport,RI,02841 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY...3. Kenneth Anderson & Matthew Waxman, Op-Ed, Killer Robots and the Laws of War, WALL STREET JOURNAL, Nov. 4, 2013, at A19...future, see Werner J. A. Dahm, Op-Ed, Killer Drones Are Science Fiction, WALL STREET JOURNAL (Feb. 15, 2012), http://online.wsj.com/news/articles

ASTPHLD Annual Conference on Human Retrovirus Testing (6th) Held in Kansas City, Missouri on March 5 - 7, 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-31

California Roger Dodd, Ph.D. - Maryland Chester R Roberts, Ph.D. - Maryland Charles A Schable, M.S. - Georgia Judith Wethers , M.S. - New York Judith ...Massachusetts Judith Wethers , M.S., Director, Testing Services, Retrovirology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, WCLR, Albany, New York Barbara...Judy Sheldon Barbara Werner Michael Ramirez R Ken Shockley Jane Westerman Martha Redus Mark Sieczkarek Judith A Wethers Marion Reuter Mel Smith John A

Chromatin Structure and Breast Cancer Radiosensitivity

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

for growth arrest induced by human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35) in human melanoma cells. J Biol Chem. 278:24542-24551 (2003). 5...regulatory proteins on human telomeres. Methods in Molecular Biology. 241: 329-339. 9. Hunt CR, Dix DJ, Sharma GG, Pandita RK, Gupta A, Funk M, and...break response network in meiosis . DNA Repair 3:1149-1164. 12. Shahrabani-Gargir L, Pandita TK and Werner H (2004) Ataxia-telangiectasia

Neutron Scattering for Materials Science. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 166

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY OF SHORT-RANGE ORDER IN Fe 0 .8Al0.2 ALLOY 249 Werner Schweika *Invited Paper vN |- __-_ LATTICE MISFIT AND DECOMPOSITION IN...thermodifiractometric measurenmen of this sequence of dehydration and reconstructive phase transformation shows that the Initial dehydration transforrmton reaction...occurs In two steps (see figure 5). Firstly, the dehydration reaction occurs (note in figure 5 the decrease in the incoherent hydrogen background

Fire Safety Aspects of Polymeric Materials. Volume 2. Test Methods, Specifications and Standards

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

San Francisco, California. RAYMOND R. HINDERSINN, Section Manager, Research Center, Hooker Chemi- cal Co., Niagara Falls, New York. WILLIAM C ...Administration, Washington, D. C . DANIEL F. SHEEHAN, DoT, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C . WILLIAM J. WERNER, Department of Housing and Urban Development...Executive Scientists and Director Advances Research Program Laboratory 3M Company P. 0. Box 33221 St. Paul, MIM 55133 Mr. William D. Manly

Former Intern: Skills Used For a Lifetime | Poster

Cancer.gov

Michelle Marcelino developed a strong interest in science as a child. The former Werner H. Kirsten student intern’s father was a physicist and often discussed with his daughters how the world works in terms of science. “I think my father instilled it in me from a very young age,” Marcelino said. “I remember being in elementary school and my father telling us colors are just

Science Skills Boot Camp Gets Interns Ready for Research | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer Summer interns learned how to read a scientific paper, present a poster, maintain a laboratory notebook, and much more, at the Science Skills Boot Camp in June. “It was a great experience, and it was a great opportunity to meet some of the other interns also working on the campus,” said Alyssa Klein, a Werner H. Kirsten student intern in the

Modelling and Forecasting of Rice Yield in support of Crop Insurance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weerts, A.; van Verseveld, W.; Trambauer, P.; de Vries, S.; Conijn, S.; van Valkengoed, E.; Hoekman, D.; Hengsdijk, H.; Schrevel, A.

2016-12-01

The Government of Indonesia has embarked on a policy to bring crop insurance to all of Indonesia's farmers. To support the Indonesian government, the G4INDO project (www.g4indo.org) is developing/constructing an integrated platform for judging and handling insurance claims. The platform consists of bringing together remote sensed data (both visible and radar) and hydrologic and crop modelling and forecasting to improve predictions in one forecasting platform (i.e. Delft-FEWS, Werner et al., 2013). The hydrological model and crop model (LINTUL) are coupled on time stepping basis in the OpenStreams framework (see https://github.com/openstreams/wflow) and deployed in a Delft-FEWS forecasting platform to support seasonal forecasting of water availability and crop yield. First we will show the general idea about the project, the integrated platform (including Sentinel 1 & 2 data) followed by first (reforecast) results of the coupled models for predicting water availability and crop yield in the Brantas catchment in Java, Indonesia. Werner, M., Schellekens, J., Gijsbers, P., Van Dijk, M., Van den Akker, O. and Heynert K, 2013. The Delft-FEWS flow forecasting system, Environmental Modelling & Software; 40:65-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.010 .

Supporting Crop Loss Insurance Policy of Indonesia through Rice Yield Modelling and Forecasting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Verseveld, Willem; Weerts, Albrecht; Trambauer, Patricia; de Vries, Sander; Conijn, Sjaak; van Valkengoed, Eric; Hoekman, Dirk; Grondard, Nicolas; Hengsdijk, Huib; Schrevel, Aart; Vlasbloem, Pieter; Klauser, Dominik

2017-04-01

The Government of Indonesia has decided on a crop insurance policy to assist Indonesia's farmers and to boost food security. To support the Indonesian government, the G4INDO project (www.g4indo.org) is developing/constructing an integrated platform implemented in the Delft-FEWS forecasting system (Werner et al., 2013). The integrated platform brings together remote sensed data (both visible and radar) and hydrologic, crop and reservoir modelling and forecasting to improve the modelling and forecasting of rice yield. The hydrological model (wflow_sbm), crop model (wflow_lintul) and reservoir models (RTC-Tools) are coupled on time stepping basis in the OpenStreams framework (see https://github.com/openstreams/wflow) and deployed in the integrated platform to support seasonal forecasting of water availability and crop yield. First we will show the general idea about the G4INDO project, the integrated platform (including Sentinel 1 & 2 data) followed by first (reforecast) results of the coupled models for predicting water availability and crop yield in the Brantas catchment in Java, Indonesia. Werner, M., Schellekens, J., Gijsbers, P., Van Dijk, M., Van den Akker, O. and Heynert K, 2013. The Delft-FEWS flow forecasting system, Environmental Modelling & Software; 40:65-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.010.

The spectrum of the Jovian Aurora 1150-1700 A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Durrance, S. T.; Feldman, P. D.; Moos, H. W.

1982-01-01

A series of observations of the northern hemisphere of Jupiter was made in January 1981 using the International Ultraviolet Explorer short-wavelength spectrograph. Exposures of 15 minutes each were made at regular intervals of about 45 minutes around the time when Jupiter's north magnetic pole was tilted toward the earth. The auroral emissions of H Lyman-alpha, and the H2 Lyman- and Werner-bands are seen to emanate from a localized region near the north pole. Their intensity increases and decreases in a periodic way as the planet rotates with the maximum occurring at lambda sub III approximately equal to 185 deg. Using the three observations nearest the observed maximum, a composite spectrum of the aurora is obtained with about 8 A resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio, and many of the H2 Lyman- and Werner-bands in this spectral region (1150-1700 A) are identified. This spectrum is compared with a laboratory H2 spectrum and with photoabsorption cross sections for CH4 and C2H6. An upper limit to the slant column density of these hydrocarbons above the auroral emissions is found to be approximately 2 x 10 to the 17th/sq cm.

Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

The Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, now located in the town of Garching north of Munich in Germany, is one of the more than 70 autonomous research institutes of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. It was founded in 1958 under the direction of Ludwig Biermann as part of the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik, directed at that time by Werner Heisenberg. In 1979, when the headquarters of t...

The Bohr paradox

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crease, Robert P.

2008-05-01

In his book Niels Bohr's Times, the physicist Abraham Pais captures a paradox in his subject's legacy by quoting three conflicting assessments. Pais cites Max Born, of the first generation of quantum physics, and Werner Heisenberg, of the second, as saying that Bohr had a greater influence on physics and physicists than any other scientist. Yet Pais also reports a distinguished younger colleague asking with puzzlement and scepticism "What did Bohr really do?".

Student Intern Ben Freed Competes as Finalist in Intel STS Competition, Three Other Interns Named Semifinalists | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer Werner H. Kirstin (WHK) student intern Ben Freed was one of 40 finalists to compete in the Intel Science Talent Search (STS) in Washington, DC, in March. “It was seven intense days of interacting with amazing judges and incredibly smart and interesting students. We met President Obama, and then the MIT astronomy lab named minor planets after each of us,” Freed said of the competition.  

U.S. GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Cummings, G. Jacobs, H. Ngodock, C.A. Blain, P. Hogan , J. Kindle), NAVOCEANO (F. Bub), FNMOC (M. Clancy), NRL/MONTEREY (R. Hodur, J. Pullen, P. May...Carolina (C. Werner), Rutgers (J. Wilkin ), U. of S. Florida (R. Weisberg), Horizon Marine Inc. (J. Feeney, S. Anderson), ROFFS (M. Roffer), Shell Oil... 2008 and 2009, the Coastal Ocean Observing Lab at Rutgers University attempted two trans-Atlantic flights using Slocum gliders. These began off the

Impact of Remote Forcing, Model Resolution and Bathymetry on Predictions of Currents on the Shelf

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

San Diego467. Zamudio, L. Hogan , P.J., Metzger. E.J.. 2008 . Summer generation of the southern Gulf of California eddy train. J. Geophys. Res. 113...1987; Zamudio et al., 2008 . 2011). These anomalies therefore represent remote forcing which will impact the Monterey Bay area, and a smaller region...Werner. F.. Wilkin . J., 2009. U.S. GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Oceanography 22 (2). 64-75. Chelton

Saturn V Dedication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Members of the original Von Braun german rocket team participate in the Saturn V replica didication ceremony at the U. S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL. Pictured are (L/R): Walter Jacobi, Konrad Dannenberg, Apollo 14's Edgar Mitchell, NASA Administrator Dan Goldin, Apollo 12's Dick Gordon, Gerhard Reisig, Werner Dahm, MSFC Director Art Stephenson, Director of the U. S. Space and Rocket Center Mike Wing, Walter Haeusserman, and Ernst Stuhlinger.

A Switchable Magnetic Low-Index Metamaterial for Use in a Dynamically Reconfigurable Beam-Scanning Lens Antenna with a Single Feed

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

reconfigurable volumetric metamaterial, since the control circuits cannot be simply hidden behind a ground plane, as for a reconfigurable metasurface or...dielectric metasurfaces ," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1910-1920, Apr. 2012. [11] D.-H. Kwon and D. H. Werner...M. Sorolla, "Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials," Physical Review Letters, vol. 93, no. 19, pp. 197401/1-4

Biseparability of noisy pseudopure, W and GHZ states using conditional quantum relative Tsallis entropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nayak, Anantha S.; Sudha; Usha Devi, A. R.; Rajagopal, A. K.

2017-02-01

We employ the conditional version of sandwiched Tsallis relative entropy to determine 1:N-1 separability range in the noisy one-parameter families of pseudopure and Werner-like N-qubit W, GHZ states. The range of the noisy parameter, for which the conditional sandwiched Tsallis relative entropy is positive, reveals perfect agreement with the necessary and sufficient criteria for separability in the 1:N-1 partition of these one parameter noisy states.

Where Are They Now: Emily Burnett Aims Even Higher Thanks to Internship Experience | Poster

Cancer.gov

Emily Burnett, a five-time intern with NCI at Frederick’s Occupational Health Services (OHS), says the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program program helped shape her current career trajectory. When she began her first OHS internship in 2015, her heart was set on becoming a nurse. However, after working with mentor Sarah Hooper and secondary mentor Patricia Claude, she decided to pursue a “higher level of medicine”—physician’s assistant.

Insensitive Munitions Advanced Development FY 89 Program Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

reduced vulnerability. The development of castable, moderately energetic explosives such as PBXN - 106 , PBXN -107, and PBX(AF)-108 I for fragment...PROGRESS: Following the successful processing of PBXN - 106 and PBXN -109 in a 37mm Werner Pfleiderer continuous mixer/extruder under contract (ICT/FRG) within...the FY86/87 timeframe, the installation of a similar setup was completed at NSWC and the first live mix ( PBXN - 106 ) was processed during the second

Exploiting Remotely Piloted Aircraft: Understanding the Impact of Strategy on the Approach to Autonomy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Werner Von Braun acted to ensure that his rocket team sought capture by the U.S. Army rather than the Soviets. His team became the nucleus of...technically superior and well- envisioned air force capabilities to counter an emerging threat. Colonel General Von Seeckt established a forum to...KS.: University Press of Kansas, 1997), 51-52. Von Seeckt held the rank of Colonel General, the highest rank of the German military. 15 James

Entropic Uncertainty Relation and Information Exclusion Relation for multiple measurements in the presence of quantum memory

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Yang; Yu, Chang-shui

2015-01-01

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle shows that no one can specify the values of the non-commuting canonically conjugated variables simultaneously. However, the uncertainty relation is usually applied to two incompatible measurements. We present tighter bounds on both entropic uncertainty relation and information exclusion relation for multiple measurements in the presence of quantum memory. As applications, three incompatible measurements on Werner state and Horodecki’s bound entangled state are investigated in details. PMID:26118488

Image Processing Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

The Ames digital image velocimetry technology has been incorporated in a commercially available image processing software package that allows motion measurement of images on a PC alone. The software, manufactured by Werner Frei Associates, is IMAGELAB FFT. IMAGELAB FFT is a general purpose image processing system with a variety of other applications, among them image enhancement of fingerprints and use by banks and law enforcement agencies for analysis of videos run during robberies.

Computer Modeling of Complete IC Fabrication Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-28

James Shipley National Semi.Peter N. Manos AMD Ritu Shrivastava Cypress Semi. Corp.Deborah D. Maracas Motorola, Inc. Paramjit Singh Rockwell Intl.Sidney...Carl F Daegs Sandia Hishan Z Massoud Duke* UnIVersdy Anant Dix* Silicon Systems David Matthews Hughes Rese~arch Lab DIolidi DoIIos Spery Tmioomly K...Jaczynski AT&T Bell Labs Jack C. Carlson Motorola Sanjay Jain AT&T Bell Labs Andrew Chan Fairchild Weston Systems Werner Juengling AT&T Bell Labs

Plethodon cinerius (eastern red-backed salamander) movement

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sterrett, Sean; Brand, Adrianne B,; Fields, William R.; Katz, Rachel A.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell

2015-01-01

Lungless salamanders (family Plethodontidae) are relatively sedentary and are presumed to have limited dispersal ability (Marsh et al. 2004. Ecology 85:3396–3405). Site fidelity in Plethodontidae is high, and individuals displaced 90 m return to home territories (Kleeberger and Werner 1982. Copeia 1982:409–415). Individuals defend territories (Jaeger et al. 1982. Anim. Behav. 30:490–496) and female home ranges have been estimated to be 24.34 m2 (Kleeberger and Werner 1982, op. cit.). Females may seek out suitable subsurface habitat to oviposit eggs, yet little is known about their maximum movement distances (Petranka 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. 587 pp.).On 18 September 2014, a female P. cinereus (lead back morphotype; SVL = 44.68 mm; 0.89 g) was found under a coverboard during a standard sampling event and uniquely marked using visual implant elastomer at the S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Massachusetts, USA (42.59280°N, 72.58070°W, datum WGS84; elev. 74 m). This individual was subsequently recaptured at ~1500 h on 8 October 2014 under a coverboard within 3 m of the original capture location and then again ~1430 h on 16 October 2014 under a log, within the same forest patch, though in a 50 x 150 m area adjacent to the original study area. Because we found the marked salamander while collecting multiple individuals for a laboratory study, the exact recapture location of the marked individual is not known. However, the distance between the 8 October capture location and the nearest edge of the 16 October search area (i.e. 50 x 150 m) was 143 m, indicating a minimum movement distance. As far as we are aware, this is the longest recorded movement for P. cinereus by more than 53 m (Kleeberger and Werner 1982, op. cit.). This finding followed a rain event of 1.63 cm within 24 h and the second largest sustained rain event during October. The movement we observed may have been due to

Typical Werner states satisfying all linear Bell inequalities with dichotomic measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Ming-Xing

2018-04-01

Quantum entanglement as a special resource inspires various distinct applications in quantum information processing. Unfortunately, it is NP-hard to detect general quantum entanglement using Bell testing. Our goal is to investigate quantum entanglement with white noises that appear frequently in experiment and quantum simulations. Surprisingly, for almost all multipartite generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states there are entangled noisy states that satisfy all linear Bell inequalities consisting of full correlations with dichotomic inputs and outputs of each local observer. This result shows generic undetectability of mixed entangled states in contrast to Gisin's theorem of pure bipartite entangled states in terms of Bell nonlocality. We further provide an accessible method to show a nontrivial set of noisy entanglement with small number of parties satisfying all general linear Bell inequalities. These results imply typical incompleteness of special Bell theory in explaining entanglement.

Werner von Braun relaxes after successful Apollo 11 Saturn V launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1969-01-01

Dr. Wernher von Braun, director of the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, relaxes after the successful launch of Apollo 11 astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin Jr. today. Their historic lunar landing mission began at 9:32 a.m. EDT, July 16, 1969, when an Apollo/Saturn V space vehicle lifted off from the spaceport's Launch Complex 39A.

Separability and Entanglement in the Hilbert Space Reference Frames Related Through the Generic Unitary Transform for Four Level System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Man'ko, V. I.; Markovich, L. A.

2018-02-01

Quantum correlations in the state of four-level atom are investigated by using generic unitary transforms of the classical (diagonal) density matrix. Partial cases of pure state, X-state, Werner state are studied in details. The geometrical meaning of unitary Hilbert reference-frame rotations generating entanglement in the initially separable state is discussed. Characteristics of the entanglement in terms of concurrence, entropy and negativity are obtained as functions of the unitary matrix rotating the reference frame.

The Strange Friendship of Pauli and Jung - When Physics Met Psychology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, Arthur I.

At a key time in his scientific development, Pauli was undergoing analysis by Jung. What can we learn about Pauli's discoveries of the exclusion principle and the CPT theorem, as well as his thoughts on non-conservation of parity, and his quest with Heisenberg for a unified field theory of elementary particles from Jung’s analysis of his dreams? A very different Pauli emerges, one at odds with esteemed colleagues such as Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg.

Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization in Soldiers of the Army 101st Airborne/Air Assault Division

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

Alfredson H, Pietila T, Werner S. (2001). Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players : A prospec- tive investigation during one out-door...imbalances and prevention of hamstring in- jury in professional soccer players : A prospective study. Am J Sports Med, Aug;36(8):1469-1475. 54. Orchard J...of male and female soccer and basketball players . Am J Sports Med, 27(3):312- 319. Timothy C. Sell, Ph.D., P.T., has been the coordinator of

Infrared Detector Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

Bratt, Howard Davis, Frank Renda , Paul Chia, Arthur Lockwood. Bell Telephone Labs Leo F. Johnson, Alfred U. MacRae, Paul Norton. Texas Ins truments Werner...impurities which can "donate" their extra electron not required for bonding with the silicon atoms. When there are more acceptors than donors the material...will be p-type. The extra electrons from the donors can complete the bond missing due to the boron atoms. This process is call compensation. The

Image Contrast Immersion Method for Measuring Refractive Index Applied to Spider Silks

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-26

12.880665. 8. A. J. Werner, “Methods in high precision refractometry of optical glasses,” Appl. Opt. 7(5), 837–843 (1968). 9. Y. S. Liu, “Direct...transparent, low visibility orb web. Refractometry is the most widely used technique for accurately measuring n for transparent media. It has been...in use for more than a century. There are several standard refractometry methods [8]. Most require a bulk sample with surfaces polished to optical

Progress in Understanding the Impacts of 3-D Cloud Structure on MODIS Cloud Property Retrievals for Marine Boundary Layer Clouds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhang, Zhibo; Werner, Frank; Miller, Daniel; Platnick, Steven; Ackerman, Andrew; DiGirolamo, Larry; Meyer, Kerry; Marshak, Alexander; Wind, Galina; Zhao, Guangyu

2016-01-01

Theory: A novel framework based on 2-D Tayler expansion for quantifying the uncertainty in MODIS retrievals caused by sub-pixel reflectance inhomogeneity. (Zhang et al. 2016). How cloud vertical structure influences MODIS LWP retrievals. (Miller et al. 2016). Observation: Analysis of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals. (Cho et al. 2015). Cloud property retrievals from 15m resolution ASTER observations. (Werner et al. 2016). Modeling: LES-Satellite observation simulator (Zhang et al. 2012, Miller et al. 2016).

Project Apollo Lights the Way for Acquisition Success

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

Marshall Space Flight Center Dr. Werner von Braun and NASA engi- neers and scientists knew they wanted to be able to explore the lunar surface...work was similar to what we in DoD now refer to as a capabilities-based assessment. Von Braun and his staff were convinced of the practicality of the...gineers demonstrated an ingenious prototype to von Braun , NASA decided to proceed once more with developments for a Lunar Rover. In a classic example of

Neutron interference in the Earth's gravitational field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galiautdinov, Andrei; Ryder, Lewis H.

2017-06-01

This work relates to the famous experiments, performed in 1975 and 1979 by Werner et al., measuring neutron interference and neutron Sagnac effects in the earth's gravitational field. Employing the method of Stodolsky in its weak field approximation, explicit expressions are derived for the two phase shifts, which turn out to be in agreement with the experiments and with the previously obtained expressions derived from semi-classical arguments: these expressions are simply modified by relativistic correction factors.

Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells.

PubMed

Mo, Dongliang; Zhao, Yongliang; Balajee, Adayabalam S

2018-01-28

Human RecQ helicases that share homology with E. coli RecQ helicase play critical roles in diverse biological activities such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair. Mutations in three of the five human RecQ helicases (RecQ1, WRN, BLM, RecQL4 and RecQ5) result in autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by accelerated aging symptoms and cancer incidence. Mutational inactivation of Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM) genes results in Werner syndrome (WS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) respectively. However, mutations in RecQL4 result in three human disorders: (I) Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), (II) RAPADILINO and (III) Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). Cells from WS, BS and RTS are characterized by a unique chromosomal anomaly indicating that each of the RecQ helicases performs specialized function(s) in a non-redundant manner. Elucidating the biological functions of RecQ helicases will enable us to understand not only the aging process but also to determine the cause for age-associated human diseases. Recent biochemical and molecular studies have given new insights into the multifaceted roles of RecQL4 that range from genomic stability to carcinogenesis and beyond. This review summarizes some of the existing and emerging knowledge on diverse biological functions of RecQL4 and its significance as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly: unusual cause of piocolpos. Report a case and review of literature ].

PubMed

Cortés-Contreras, Diana Karen; Juárez-Cruz, Patricio Manuel; Vázquez-Flores, José; Vázquez-Flores, Al David

2014-10-01

OHVIRA (Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly) by acronym and abbreviations in English or Herlyn Werner Wunderlich syndrome is a rare congenital malformation caused by an alteration in the Mullerian ducts and Wolffian Ducts. Which is characterized by a triad: uterus didelphys, obstructed and ipsilateral renal agenesis hemivagina still uncertain etiology. Patients are usually asymptomatic until menarche where the most common clinical presentation is pelvic pain, followed by a vaginal or abdominal mass, normal menstrual periods, infertility, and vaginal discharge rarely appears. The case of a female patient of 15 years, nubile with chronic fetid vaginal discharge, initially diagnosed and treated as pelvic inflammatory disease occurs, however because it is an exceptional condition with the background of the patient, by complementary studies were conducted where pelvic ultrasound revealed pyocolpos and absence of left kidney, uterus didelphys, blind hemivagina by other imaging studies, where we could integrate Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome. In conclusion, abnormalities in the development of the Miillerian ducts are difficult to diagnose early, so you must have the embryological knowledge, conduct thorough clinical assessment and detailed picture in whom the coridition is suspected to identify malformations coexisting urinary tract and vaginal defects with the importance of preserving reproductive success through appropriate planning of surgical approach, given that the fertility rate in these patients is comparable to the average.

Image Processing and Computer Aided Diagnosis in Computed Tomography of the Breast

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

Brian Harrawood, Ronald Pedroni, Alexander Crowell, Robert Macri, Mathew Kiser, Richard Walter ,Werner 111 Tornow , Neutron Stimulated Emission...1( kkkk k nn kkk n k n k w PBbywbb σσσ += +−⋅+=+ , (2) MLE estimate is known to increase high frequency image noise. To overcome this, some...contrast to noise ratio results for the three images shown in Figure 5. With grid w /o grid w /o grid; scatter reduction RSF 11% 45% 10% CNR 7.04 6.99

The Strange Friendship of Pauli and Jung - When Physics Met Psychology

ScienceCinema

Miller, Arthur I.

2018-05-23

At a key time in his scientific development, Pauli was undergoing analysis by Jung. What can we learn about Pauli's discoveries of the exclusion principle and the CPT theorem, as well as his thoughts on non-conservation of parity, and his quest with Heisenberg for a unified field theory of elementary particles from Jung’s analysis of his dreams? A very different Pauli emerges, one at odds with esteemed colleagues such as Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg.

WHK Interns Sweep Entire Category at Frederick County Science Fair | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The competitors in the cellular and molecular biology category of the Frederick County Science and Engineering Fair on March 22–23 didn’t stand a chance against the Werner H. Kirsten student interns at the National Cancer Institute at Frederick. These interns swept the entire category, with Madelyne Xiao, a rising intern, winning first place; Maria Hamscher, second place; Ashley Babyak and Dahlia Kronfli tying for third place; and Maham Ahmed receiving an honorable mention.

Research in Image Understanding as Applied to 3-D Microwave Tomographic Imaging with Near Optical Resolution.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

Oct. 1985. 28. D.L. Jaggard, K. Schultz, Y. Kim and P. Frangos , "Inverse Scattering for Dielectric Media", Annual OSA Meeting, Wash. D.C., Oct. 1985...T.H. Chu - Graduate Student (50%) C.Y. Ho - Graduate Student (50%) Y. Kim - Graduate Student (50%) K S. Lee - Graduate Student (50%) P. Frangos ...1982. 3. P. Frangos (Ph.D.) - "One-Dimensional Inverse Scattering: Exact Methods and Applications". 4. C.L. Werner (Ph.D.) - ŗ-D Imaging of Coherent and

Former WHK Intern Returns to NCI at Frederick as Earl-Stadtman Investigator | Poster

Cancer.gov

The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling (LCDS) recently welcomed John Brognard, Ph.D., as the new Earl-Stadtman Investigator. While Brognard is new to this role, he is not new to NCI at Frederick. In high school, Brognard was a Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern in what was formerly known as the ABL research program, where he worked under Bob Moschel, Ph.D., senior investigator, and Gary Pauly, Ph.D., currently a staff scientist in the Chemical Biology Laboratory.

Dr. von Braun With Management Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1961-01-01

Dr. von Braun is shown in this photograph, which was probably taken in the early 1960s, with members of his management team. Pictured from left to right are, Werner Kuers, Director of the Manufacturing Engineering Division; Dr. Walter Haeussermarn, Director of the Astrionics Division; Dr. William Mrazek, Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Division; Dr. von Braun; Dieter Grau, Director of the Quality Assurance Division; Dr. Oswald Lange, Director of the Saturn Systems Office; and Erich Neubert , Associate Deputy Director for Research and Development.

The Global Ocean Forecast System, Version 3.0 (GOFS 3.0) or the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-10

System (GOFS) V3.0 – 1/12 HYCOM/NCODA: Phase I‖ by Metzger et al., dated 26 November 2008 (NRL/MR/7320—08- 9148). The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean...C. Lozano, H.L. Tolman, A. Srinivasan, S. Hankin, P. Cornillon, R. Weisberg, A. Barth, R. He, F. Werner, and J. Wilkin , 2009. U.S. GODAE: Global...E.J. Metzger, J.F. Shriver, O.M. Smedstad, A.J. Wallcraft, and C.N. Barron, 2008 : Eddy-resolving global ocean prediction. In "Eddy-Resolving Ocean

Generalized Choi states and 2-distillability of quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Lin; Tang, Wai-Shing; Yang, Yu

2018-05-01

We investigate the distillability of bipartite quantum states in terms of positive and completely positive maps. We construct the so-called generalized Choi states and show that it is distillable when it has negative partial transpose. We convert the distillability problem of 2-copy n× n Werner states into the determination of the positivity of an Hermitian matrix. We obtain several sufficient conditions by which the positivity holds. Further, we investigate the case n=3 by the classification of 2× 3× 3 pure states.

Members of House Committee on Science and Astronautics Visited MSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1962-01-01

Members of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics visited the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) on January 3, 1962 to gather firsthand information of the nation's space exploration program. The congressional group was composed of members of the Subcommittee on Manned Space Flight. Shown here at MSFC's Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory are (left to right): Dr. Eberhard Rees, MSFC; Congressman George P. Miller, Democratic representative of California; Congressman F. Edward Hebert, Democratic representative of Louisiana; Congressman Robert R. Casey, Democratic representative of Texas; and Werner Kuers, MSFC.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-pyrazole ureas and the p38alpha inhibitor BIRB 796 for study into accelerated cell ageing.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Dix, Matthew C; Widdowson, Caroline S; Kipling, David

2006-11-21

Microwave irradiation of substituted hydrazines and beta-ketoesters gives 5-aminopyrazoles in excellent yield, which can be transformed to the corresponding N-carbonyl derivatives by treatment with an isocyanate or chloroformate. Derivatization of 4-nitronaphth-1-ol using predominantly microwave heating methods and reaction with an N-pyrazole carbamate provides a rapid route to the N-pyrazole urea BIRB 796 in high purity, as a potent and selective inhibitor of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase for the study of accelerated ageing in Werner syndrome cells.

WRNIP1 accumulates at laser light irradiated sites rapidly via its ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain and independently from its ATPase domain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nomura, Hironoshin; Yoshimura, Akari, E-mail: akari_yo@musashino-u.ac.jp; Edo, Takato

2012-01-27

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer WRNIP1 accumulates in laser light irradiated sites very rapidly via UBZ domain. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The ATPase domain of WRNIP1 is dispensable for its accumulation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The accumulation of WRNIP1 seems not to be dependent on the interaction with WRN. -- Abstract: WRNIP1 (Werner helicase-interacting protein 1) was originally identified as a protein that interacts with the Werner syndrome responsible gene product. WRNIP1 contains a ubiquitin-binding zinc-finger (UBZ) domain in the N-terminal region and two leucine zipper motifs in the C-terminal region. In addition, it possesses an ATPase domain in the middle of the molecule and the lysine residues servingmore » as ubiquitin acceptors in the entire of the molecule. Here, we report that WRNIP1 accumulates in laser light irradiated sites very rapidly via its ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain, which is known to bind polyubiquitin and to be involved in ubiquitination of WRNIP1 itself. The accumulation of WRNIP1 in laser light irradiated sites also required the C-terminal region containing two leucine zippers, which is reportedly involved in the oligomerization of WRNIP1. Mutated WRNIP1 with a deleted ATPase domain or with mutations in lysine residues, which serve as ubiquitin acceptors, accumulated in laser light irradiated sites, suggesting that the ATPase domain of WRNIP1 and ubiquitination of WRNIP1 are dispensable for the accumulation.« less

Fourier-transform spectroscopy of HD in the vacuum ultraviolet at λ = 87-112 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, T. I.; Dickenson, G. D.; Roudjane, M.; de Oliveira, N.; Joyeux, D.; Nahon, L.; Tchang-Brillet, W.-Ü. L.; Ubachs, W.

2010-03-01

Absorption spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) domain was performed on the hydrogen-deuteride molecule with a novel Fourier-transform spectrometer based upon wavefront division interferometry. This unique instrument, which is a permanent endstation of the undulator-based beamline DESIRS on the synchrotron SOLEIL facility, opens the way to Fourier-transform spectroscopy in the VUV range. The HD spectral lines in the Lyman and Werner bands were recorded in the 87-112 nm range from a quasi-static gas sample in a windowless configuration and with a Doppler-limited resolution. Line positions of some 268 transitions in the ? Lyman bands and 141 transitions in the ? Werner bands were deduced with uncertainties of 0.04 cm-1 (1σ) which correspond to Δλ/λ ∼ 4 × 10-7. This extensive laboratory database is of relevance for comparison with astronomical observations of H2 and HD spectra from highly redshifted objects, with the goal of extracting a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio (μ = m p /m e ) on a cosmological time scale. For this reason also calculations of the so-called sensitivity coefficients K i were performed in order to allow for deducing constraints on Δμ/μ. The K i coefficients, associated with the line shift that each spectral line undergoes as a result of a varying value for μ, were derived from calculations as a function of μ solving the Schrödinger equation using ab initio potentials.

A Dermatologist's Ammunition in the War Against Smoking: A Photoaging App.

PubMed

Brinker, Titus Josef; Enk, Alexander; Gatzka, Martina; Nakamura, Yasuhiro; Sondermann, Wiebke; Omlor, Albert Joachim; Petri, Maximilian Philip; Karoglan, Ante; Seeger, Werner; Klode, Joachim; von Kalle, Christof; Schadendorf, Dirk

2017-09-21

This viewpoint reviews the perspectives for dermatology as a specialty to go beyond the substantial impact of smoking on skin disease and leverage the impact of skin changes on a person's self-concept and behavior in the design of effective interventions for smoking prevention and cessation. ©Titus Josef Brinker, Alexander Enk, Martina Gatzka, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Wiebke Sondermann, Albert Joachim Omlor, Maximilian Philip Petri, Ante Karoglan, Werner Seeger, Joachim Klode, Christof von Kalle, Dirk Schadendorf. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 21.09.2017.

Student Intern Freed Competes at Intel ISEF, Two Others Awarded at Local Science Fair | Poster

Cancer.gov

Class of 2014–2015 Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student intern Rebecca “Natasha” Freed earned a fourth-place award in biochemistry at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), the largest high school science research competition in the world, according to the Society for Science & the Public’s website. Freed described the event as “transformative experience,” where she was able to present her research to “experts, including Nobel laureates, as well as members of the general community and, of course, to [other students].”

Former Intern: Skills Used For a Lifetime | Poster

Cancer.gov

Michelle Marcelino developed a strong interest in science as a child. The former Werner H. Kirsten student intern’s father was a physicist and often discussed with his daughters how the world works in terms of science. “I think my father instilled it in me from a very young age,” Marcelino said. “I remember being in elementary school and my father telling us colors are just wavelengths of light perceived by your eye. That’s my dad, explaining that concept in detail to a child.” 

Jen Gustetic visits Swamp Works

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-28

Jenn Gustetic, NASA's Small Business Innovation Research Program executive, talks with Rob Mueller, senior technologist and co-founder of Kennedy Space Center's Swamp Works. Gustetic met team members and viewed many of the pioneering technologies and innovations in development at Kennedy. Swamp Works is a hands-on, lean development environment for innovation following the philosophies pioneered in Kelly Johnson's Skunk Works and Werner von Braun's development shops. The Swamp Works establishes rapid, innovative and cost-effective exploration mission solutions through a highly collaborative, "no walls" approach, leveraging partnerships across NASA, industry and academia.

Students Share Their Research at Student Poster Day | Poster

Cancer.gov

Students Share Their Research at Student Poster Day  By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer More than 50 Werner H. Kirsten student interns and college interns presented their research at Summer Student Poster Day on August 6 in the Building 549 lobby.  Joseph Bergman, a high school intern in the Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Laboratory, participated in the event “for the opportunity to present my summer research. It allowed me to meet people and get the experience of sharing and explaining my work.”

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-03-03

Members of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics visited the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) on January 3, 1962 to gather firsthand information of the nation’s space exploration program. The congressional group was composed of members of the Subcommittee on Manned Space Flight. Shown here at MSFC’s Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory are (left to right): Dr. Eberhard Rees, MSFC; Congressman George P. Miller, Democratic representative of California; Congressman F. Edward Hebert, Democratic representative of Louisiana; Congressman Robert R. Casey, Democratic representative of Texas; and Werner Kuers, MSFC.

[Blister dermatitis caused by Epicauta flagellaria (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) species].

PubMed

Méndez, E; Sáenz, R E; Johnson, C M

1989-09-01

This paper is the first published report of vesicular dermatitis due to blister beetles of the family Meloidae in Panamá. A familial outbreak of bullous dermatitis caused by Epicauta flagellaria (Erichson) is described. All previous cases known in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory were associated with E. isthmica Werner. Bullous lesions are produced when cantharidin, a vesicating toxin contained in the beetle's body, is released at the time the insect is crushed or rubbed upon the exposed skin. Rules for the treatment and prevention of this disease are indicated.

Science Skills Boot Camp Gets Interns Ready for Research | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Ashley DeVine, Staff Writer Summer interns learned how to read a scientific paper, present a poster, maintain a laboratory notebook, and much more, at the Science Skills Boot Camp in June. “It was a great experience, and it was a great opportunity to meet some of the other interns also working on the campus,” said Alyssa Klein, a Werner H. Kirsten student intern in the Cellular Immunology Group, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation. “The boot camp covered many topics essential to being a good scientist and science researcher.”

FOXP3 and GARP (LRRC32): the master and its minion

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

The transcription factor FOXP3 is essential for the development and function of CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, but also expressed in activated human helper T cells without acquisition of a regulatory phenotype. This comment focuses on glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP or LRRC32) recently identified as specific marker of activated human Treg cells, which may provide the missing link toward a better molecular definition of the regulatory phenotype. Reviewers: Dr Jim Di Danto, Dr Benedita Rocha and Dr Werner Solbach. PMID:20137067

Mathematics, Experiments, and Theoretical Physics: The Early Days of the Sommerfeld School

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eckert, Michael

1999-10-01

The names of his students read like a Who's Who of the pioneers in modern physics Peter Debye, Peter Paul Ewald, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Hans A. Bethe - to name only the most prominent. In retrospect, the success of Sommerfeld's school of modern theoretical physics tends to overshadow its less glorious beginnings. A century ago, theoretical physics was not yet considered as a distinct discipline. In this article I emphasize more the haphazard beginnings than the later achievements of Sommerfeld's school, which mirrored the state of theoretical physics before it became an independent discipline.

Transcatheter intervention for the treatment of congenital cardiac defects.

PubMed Central

Grifka, R G

1997-01-01

Cardiac catheterization has an illustrious history, originating in 1929 when Werner Forsmann, a surgical resident, performed a heart catheterization on himself. Transcatheter interventional procedures have been performed since the 1960s. The 1st intracardiac procedure to become standard therapy was a balloon atrial septostomy. Skeptics attacked this innovative procedure. However, the balloon septostomy procedure soon became the standard emergency procedure for certain congenital heart defects, and was the impetus for other investigators in the field of transcatheter intervention. We will discuss transcatheter treatment for congenital vascular stenoses and vascular occlusion. Images PMID:9456482

Ökophysik: Plaudereien über das Leben auf dem Land, im Wasser und in der Luft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nachtigall, W.

Prof. em. Dr. rer. nat. Werner Nachtigall, geb. 1934, war als Zoophysiologe und Biophysiker Leiter des Zoologischen Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes in Saarbrücken. In Forschung und Ausbildung hat er sich insbesondere mit Aspekten der Technischen Biologie und Bionik befasst und mit seinen Forschergruppen viele Basisdaten insbesondere zur Ökologie, Physiologie und Physik des Fliegens und Schwimmens aber auch zur Stabilität beispielsweise der Gräser erarbeitet. Lebewesen überraschen immer wieder durch ihre "Biodiversität", ihre hochspezifischen Ausgestaltungen und Anpassungen.

The 'hard problem' and the quantum physicists. Part 1: the first generation.

PubMed

Smith, C U M

2006-07-01

All four of the most important figures in the early twentieth-century development of quantum physics-Niels Bohr, Erwin Schroedinger, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli-had strong interests in the traditional mind-brain, or 'hard,' problem. This paper reviews their approach to this problem, showing the influence of Bohr's complementarity thesis, the significance of Schroedinger's small book, 'What is life?,' the updated Platonism of Heisenberg and, perhaps most interesting of all, the interaction of Carl Jung and Wolfgang Pauli in the latter's search for a unification of mind and matter.

What Happens If They Say No? Preserving Access to Critical Commercial Space Capabilities during Future Crises

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

SatelliteShortagesMayChokeOffMilitaryDroneExpansion.aspx; G. Ryan Faith and Mariel John , “Space Report 2011” in Authoritative Guide to Global Space Activity,” ed. Micah Walter-Range (Colorado Springs...Werner, “Cover Story”; John Walcott, “Chinese Espionage Campaign Targets U.S. Space Technology,” Bloomberg, 18 April 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com...frus1969-76v25.pdf; Walter J. Boyne , The Two O’Clock War: The 1973 Yom Kippur Conflict and the Airlift That Saved Israel, 1st ed. (New York: Thomas

THE METAL CARBONYLS.

PubMed

Blanchard, A A

1941-10-03

When the metal carbonyls were first discovered, their properties were startling because they seemed to violate nearly all the previously recognized generalizations of chemistry. Even to-day the existence of the carbonyls is not particularly emphasized in elementary courses of chemistry because it is rather hard to reconcile them with the first presentations of the generalizations of chemistry. Nevertheless, as the student progresses deeper into the knowledge of chemistry it becomes desirable to include the knowledge of the carbonyls both because they become more comprehensible when viewed in the light of Werner's system of coordination and because they themselves contribute to the comprehension of the Werner theory. As long ago as 1931, Reiff in his discussion of cobalt nitrosyl carbonyl recognized the correlation between the effective atomic number and the volatility of carbonyls. A more recent study of charged Werner coordination complexes, that is, of complex ions, has shown a similar role of the effective atomic number. We are standing on fairly firm ground when we point out the correlation between E.A.N. and the volatility of the carbonyl complexes and the existence of complex ions. Be it noted that we have made no postulates as to the arrangement of the electrons in quantum levels. In the inert gases the outer principal quantum group is supposed always to contain eight electrons. In the carbonyls and other Werner complexes there is no compelling reason to suppose that the electrons in the coordinating layer, be this layer of eight, ten, twelve or sixteen electrons, are not all at the same energy level. Although we have confined our discussion almost exclusively to the property of volatility, the carbonyls are very interesting from the standpoint of several other properties, for example, magnetic susceptibility and dielectric constant. Enthusiasts in the interpretation of such properties try to draw conclusions as to the condition of the electrons, sometimes

Prevalence and severity of ocular involvement in Graves' disease according to sex and age: A clinical study from Babol, Iran.

PubMed

Gharib, Sara; Moazezi, Zoleika; Bayani, Mohammad Ali

2018-01-01

Thyroid-associated eye disease (TED), previously known as Graves' ophthalmopathy is a cosmetically and functionally debilitating disease that is seen worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical severity of ocular manifestations of Graves' disease according to sex, age and duration in northern Iran. Between April 2011 and March 2012, 105 patients with Graves' disease, underwent ophthalmic examination, including ocular motility, exophthalmometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp and fundoscopy. Patients received scores according to modified Werner's NO SPECS classification. Ocular involvement was found in 70 patients with established Graves's disease. The mean age was 35.0 years, (SD 13.0, range 15 to 69). The most common ocular findings were exophthalmometric proptosis of more than 20 mm (63.8%), lid lag (55.7%), lid retraction (52.8%) and tearing (38.6%). Almost 70% of patients had bilateral involvement. Elevated IOP was seen in 15 (25.4%) patients, and was significantly related to proptosis (P=0.007). More than half of the patients (n=36, 52.2%) had a modified Werner's NO SPECS score of 3.00. Clinical severity as shown by the increasing number of signs and symptoms per patient was correlated to increasing age (r=0.31, P=0.01) but not to gender (P=0.17). Both functional (ocular motility disorders, increased IOP) and cosmetic (proptosis, periorbital edema) sequels are common ocular presentations in patients with Graves' disease. Proptosis was the most common finding in this study and was associated with elevated IOP. Clinical severity was found to correlate to increasing age.

Evidence cross-validation and Bayesian inference of MAST plasma equilibria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nessi, G. T. von; Hole, M. J.; Svensson, J.

2012-01-15

In this paper, current profiles for plasma discharges on the mega-ampere spherical tokamak are directly calculated from pickup coil, flux loop, and motional-Stark effect observations via methods based in the statistical theory of Bayesian analysis. By representing toroidal plasma current as a series of axisymmetric current beams with rectangular cross-section and inferring the current for each one of these beams, flux-surface geometry and q-profiles are subsequently calculated by elementary application of Biot-Savart's law. The use of this plasma model in the context of Bayesian analysis was pioneered by Svensson and Werner on the joint-European tokamak [Svensson and Werner,Plasma Phys. Controlledmore » Fusion 50(8), 085002 (2008)]. In this framework, linear forward models are used to generate diagnostic predictions, and the probability distribution for the currents in the collection of plasma beams was subsequently calculated directly via application of Bayes' formula. In this work, we introduce a new diagnostic technique to identify and remove outlier observations associated with diagnostics falling out of calibration or suffering from an unidentified malfunction. These modifications enable a good agreement between Bayesian inference of the last-closed flux-surface with other corroborating data, such as that from force balance considerations using EFIT++[Appel et al., ''A unified approach to equilibrium reconstruction'' Proceedings of the 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics (Rome, Italy, 2006)]. In addition, this analysis also yields errors on the plasma current profile and flux-surface geometry as well as directly predicting the Shafranov shift of the plasma core.« less

A mathematical model of endovascular heat transfer for human brain cooling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salsac, Anne-Virginie; Lasheras, Juan Carlos; Yon, Steven; Magers, Mike; Dobak, John

2000-11-01

Selective cooling of the brain has been shown to exhibit protective effects in cerebral ischemia, trauma, and spinal injury/ischemia. A multi-compartment, unsteady thermal model of the response of the human brain to endovascular cooling is discussed and its results compared to recent experimental data conducted with sheep and other mammals. The model formulation is based on the extension of the bioheat equation, originally proposed by Pennes(1) and later modified by Wissler(2), Stolwijk(3) and Werner and Webb(4). The temporal response of the brain temperature and that of the various body compartments to the cooling of the blood flowing through the common carotid artery is calculated under various scenarios. The effect of the boundary conditions as well as the closure assumptions used in the model, i.e. perfusion rate, metabolism heat production, etc. on the cooling rate of the brain are systematically investigated. (1) Pennes H. H., “Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in the resting forearm.” J. Appl. Physiol. 1: 93-122, 1948. (2) Wissler E. H., “Steady-state temperature distribution in man”, J. Appl. Physiol., 16: 764-740, 1961. (3) Stolwick J. A. J., “Mathematical model of thermoregulation” in “Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation”, edited by J. D. Hardy, A. P. Gagge and A. J. Stolwijk, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfiels, Ill., 703-721, 1971. (4) Werner J., Webb P., “A six-cylinder model of human thermoregulation for general use on personal computers”, Ann. Physiol. Anthrop., 12(3): 123-134, 1993.

A century of X-rays.

PubMed

1995-11-22

The first cardiac catheterisation of the human heart is attributed to a German surgeon, Dr Werner Forssmann. Against the wishes of his superiors but with the help of his nurse assistant, Gerda Ditzen, Dr Forssmann catheterised himself using a uro- logic catheter via a cutdown in his arm. Having passed the catheter through a vein into the right side of his heart, he calmly walked to the X-ray department for a chest X-ray to confirm the precise position of the catheter within his heart. It is reported that he catheterised himself a total of nine times ( 1 , 2 ).

A quantum renaissance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aspelmeyer, Markus; Zeilinger, Anton

2008-07-01

Pure curiosity has been the driving force behind many groundbreaking experiments in physics. This is no better illustrated than in quantum mechanics, initially the physics of the extremely small. Since its beginnings in the 1920s and 1930s, researchers have wanted to observe the counterintuitive properties of quantum mechanics directly in the laboratory. However, because experimental technology was not sufficiently developed at the time, people like Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger relied instead on "gedankenexperiments" (thought experiments) to investigate the quantum physics of individual particles, mainly electrons and photons.

Geometric measure of pairwise quantum discord for superpositions of multipartite generalized coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daoud, M.; Ahl Laamara, R.

2012-07-01

We give the explicit expressions of the pairwise quantum correlations present in superpositions of multipartite coherent states. A special attention is devoted to the evaluation of the geometric quantum discord. The dynamics of quantum correlations under a dephasing channel is analyzed. A comparison of geometric measure of quantum discord with that of concurrence shows that quantum discord in multipartite coherent states is more resilient to dissipative environments than is quantum entanglement. To illustrate our results, we consider some special superpositions of Weyl-Heisenberg, SU(2) and SU(1,1) coherent states which interpolate between Werner and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states.

Robust state transfer in the quantum spin channel via weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Zhi; Yao, Chunmei; Zou, Jian

2013-10-01

Using the weak measurement (WM) and quantum measurement reversal (QMR) approach, robust state transfer and entanglement distribution can be realized in the spin-(1)/(2) Heisenberg chain. We find that the ultrahigh fidelity and long distance of quantum state transfer with certain success probability can be obtained using proper WM and QMR, i.e., the average fidelity of a general pure state from 80% to almost 100%, which is almost size independent. We also find that the distance and quality of entanglement distribution for the Bell state and the general Werner mixed state can be obviously improved by the WM and QMR approach.

Detection of O VII Lambda 1522 in IUE Spectra of Planetary Nebula Nuclei and Other Hot Stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feibelman, Walter A.

1999-01-01

We present the first detection of O VII lambda 1522 emission or absorption from archival IUE spectra in 14 planetary nebula nuclei and three PG 1159-type stars. The n = 5 approaching 6 transition of O VII was determined by Kruk & Werner and observed by them in the spectrum of the very hot PG 1159-type star H1504+65 from data obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT). Emission-line fluxes or absorption equivalent widths as well as radial velocities for the program stars are presented. The precise rest wavelength for the 5 approaching 6 transition requires further investigation.

Look Forward to Take a Hike Day This Spring | Poster

Cancer.gov

Are you looking forward to spring? Join Occupational Health Services (OHS) and the R&W Club Frederick for the next Take a Hike Day in April. At the fall event, about 30 employees walked or jogged the 1.3-mile course around the NCI at Frederick campus during their lunch hours. The event is designed to encourage employees to engage in physical activity, according to Sarah Hooper, manager of OHS. “It was so wonderful to see employees walking to wellness,” said Emily Burnett, a Werner H. Kirsten student intern in OHS who helped plan the fall event.

Introducing Systems Approaches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reynolds, Martin; Holwell, Sue

Systems Approaches to Managing Change brings together five systems approaches to managing complex issues, each having a proven track record of over 25 years. The five approaches are: System Dynamics (SD) developed originally in the late 1950s by Jay Forrester Viable Systems Model (VSM) developed originally in the late 1960s by Stafford Beer Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA: with cognitive mapping) developed originally in the 1970s by Colin Eden Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) developed originally in the 1970s by Peter Checkland Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) developed originally in the late 1970s by Werner Ulrich

Poster Day Showcases Student Work | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nathalie Walker, Guest Writer, and Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer On July 31, NCI at Frederick hosted Student Poster Day, an annual event in which student interns can showcase the work they do in their various positions in NCI at Frederick labs and offices. Participating students are interns in the Student Internship Program, a program designed for undergraduate and graduate students during their summer breaks, as well as interns in the Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP), a program for high school seniors. All the students have an opportunity to present their scientific posters.

Former Intern: Amy Stull Returns to Her Roots | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Carolynne Keenan, Contributing Writer When Amy Stull, a 2000 graduate of Walkersville High School, began working in a laboratory at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, she likely did not know the role NCI would play in her career. Stull started at NCI as a Werner H. Kirsten (WHK) student intern after her junior year of high school, working in a lab as she prepared for a career in chemical engineering. The student intern program pairs rising high school seniors with laboratory scientists to encourage the students to pursue careers in both science and health care fields.

[Breakup during twilight--the development of child and adolescent psychiatry during the time of forced sterilisation and child euthanasia in national socialism].

PubMed

Nedoschill, Jan

2009-01-01

The evolution of professional child psychiatry partly took place against a historically difficult background: the National Socialism. Physicians who shaped the profession scientifically were at the same time offenders in forced sterilisation and euthanasia. Substanciated understanding of the professional history implies a differenciated examination of relevant biographies. The careers of Werner Villinger and Hans Heinze are being outlined and related to the historical context. A distinct and satisfactory understanding has not taken place during postwar period in Germany. However, in the meantime there has grown an awareness and also a consternation about the incidents due to research and publications.

[open quotes]Sonya[close quotes] explains

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moss, N.

This article describes observations of Ruth Werner from when she was an agent of the Soviet espionage service (code name [open quotes]Sonya[close quotes]) as related in her interview with the author. The main topics covered in the interview include her opinion and relationship with Klaus Fuchs, the German-born British physicist who passed the secrets of the first atomic bomb to the Russians, and her views on German reunification. Ruth focuses her discussion on her dedication to making the world a better place and the disillusionment she has felt as she reminisces about her past.

Jovian Auroral Ion Precipitation: Field-Aligned Currents and Ultraviolet Emissions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houston, S. J.; Ozak, N.; Young, J.; Cravens, T. E.; Schultz, D. R.

2018-03-01

A model is described for the transport of magnetospheric oxygen ions with low charge state and energies up to several MeV/nucleon (MeV/u) as they precipitate into Jupiter's polar atmosphere. A revised and updated hybrid Monte Carlo model originally developed by Ozak et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015635) is used to model the Jovian X-ray aurora. The current model uses a wide range of incident oxygen ion energies (10 keV/u to 5 MeV/u) and the most up-to-date collision cross sections. In addition, the effects of the secondary electrons generated from the heavy ion precipitation are included using a two-stream transport model that computes the secondary electron fluxes and their escape from the atmosphere. The model also determines H2 Lyman-Werner band emission intensities, including a predicted spectrum and the associated color ratio. Implications of the new model results for interpretation of data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Juno mission are discussed. In particular, the model predicts that for a 2 MeV/u oxygen ion energy input of 10 mW/m2: (1) escaping electrons are produced with an energy range from 1 eV to 4 keV, which is a smaller range than previous models by Ozak et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL50812) predicted, (2) H2 band emission rates of 75 kR are generated, similar to previous estimates, and (3) a newly calculated Lyman and Werner band color ratio of 10 is expected. The color ratios are put into a context of various methane number density distributions.

Decoherence Effect on Quantum Correlation and Entanglement in a Two-qubit Spin Chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pourkarimi, Mohammad Reza; Rahnama, Majid; Rooholamini, Hossein

2015-04-01

Assuming a two-qubit system in Werner state which evolves in Heisenberg XY model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction under the effect of different environments. We evaluate and compare quantum entanglement, quantum and classical correlation measures. It is shown that in the absence of decoherence effects, there is a critical value of DM interaction for which entanglement may vanish while quantum and classical correlations do not. In the presence of environment the behavior of correlations depends on the kind of system-environment interaction. Correlations can be sustained by manipulating Hamiltonian anisotropic-parameter in a dissipative environment. Quantum and classical correlations are more stable than entanglement generally.

GENERAL: Entanglement sudden death induced by the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Hong-Fang; Shao, Bin; Yang, Lin-Guang; Li, Jian; Zou, Jian

2009-08-01

In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of two-spin Heisenberg XYZ model with the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. The system is initially prepared in the Werner state. The effects of purity of the initial state and DM coupling parameter on the evolution of entanglement are investigated. The necessary and sufficient condition for the appearance of the entanglement sudden death (ESD) phenomenon has been deduced. The result shows that the ESD always occurs if the initial state is sufficiently impure for the given coupling parameter or the DM interaction is sufficiently strong for the given initial state. Moreover, the critical values of them are calculated.

Finite-Temperature Entanglement Dynamics in an Anisotropic Two-Qubit Heisenberg Spin Chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Tao; Shan, Chuanjia; Li, Jinxing; Liu, Tangkun; Huang, Yanxia; Li, Hong

2010-07-01

This paper investigates the entanglement dynamics of an anisotropic two-qubit Heisenberg spin chain in the presence of decoherence at finite temperature. The time evolution of the concurrence is studied for different initial Werner states. The influences of initial purity, finite temperature, spontaneous decay and Hamiltonian on the entanglement evolution are analyzed in detail. Our calculations show that the finite temperature restricts the evolution of the entanglement all the time when the Hamiltonian improves it and the spontaneous decay to the reservoirs can produce quantum entanglement with the anisotropy of spin-spin interaction. Finally, the steady-state concurrence which may remain non-zero for low temperature is also given.

Student Interns Share the Spirit of Science | Poster

Cancer.gov

They came for a science lesson. They left with more. The new Werner H. Kirsten student interns filed into the auditorium in Building 549 to expand their knowledge of fundamental laboratory practices, as part of the Science Skills Boot Camp. A panel of presenters instructed the attendees on skills such as reading scientific papers effectively, practicing proper research ethics, and conducting professional presentations. Scientific Program Manager Ulrike Klenke, Ph.D., NIH Office of Intramural Training and Education, started the June event by welcoming her audience and encouraging the interns to break away from their familiar groups of classmates and to socialize with others from different schools and counties.

Celebrating 25 Years of Student Mentoring | Poster

Cancer.gov

Most employees of NCI at Frederick have heard of the Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program (WHK SIP). The reason is simple—it has been wildly successful. And on Friday, April 22, the program will celebrate 25 years of mentoring and learning at the WHK SIP 25th Anniversary Symposium and Awards Ceremony. During the morning session, several former interns will talk about the impact that the WHK program has had on their lives. The afternoon session will begin with a panel of current and former mentors who will answer questions from students interested in the program and staff members interested in becoming mentors. Read more...

Assesment on the performance of electrode arrays using image processing technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usman, N.; Khiruddin, A.; Nawawi, Mohd

2017-08-01

Interpreting inverted resistivity section is time consuming, tedious and requires other sources of information to be relevant geologically. Image processing technique was used in order to perform post inversion processing which make geophysical data interpretation easier. The inverted data sets were imported into the PCI Geomatica 9.0.1 for further processing. The data sets were clipped and merged together in order to match the coordinates of the three layers and permit pixel to pixel analysis. Dipole-dipole array is more sensitive to resistivity variation with depth in comparison with Werner-Schlumberger and pole-dipole. Image processing serves as good post-inversion tool in geophysical data processing.

Experimental verification of steerability via geometric Bell-like inequalities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jian; Wang, Cen-Yang; Liu, Tong-Jun; Wang, Qin

2018-03-01

Quantum steering is one form of quantum correlations interpolating between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which in some cases can be detected by various steering inequalities. Recently, a remarkable and useful steerability criterion via geometric Bell-like inequalities was established [M. Zukowski, A. Dutta, and Z. Yin, Phys. Rev. A 91, 032107 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032107]. We report an experimental investigation of this steering criterion and verify the geometric Bell-like steering inequality experimentally by using of the Werner states. The results demonstrate that the geometric Bell-like steering inequality is a convenient tool to detect quantum steering both theoretically and practically.

Constraint on a varying proton-electron mass ratio 1.5 billion years after the big bang.

PubMed

Bagdonaite, J; Ubachs, W; Murphy, M T; Whitmore, J B

2015-02-20

A molecular hydrogen absorber at a lookback time of 12.4 billion years, corresponding to 10% of the age of the Universe today, is analyzed to put a constraint on a varying proton-electron mass ratio, μ. A high resolution spectrum of the J1443+2724 quasar, which was observed with the Very Large Telescope, is used to create an accurate model of 89 Lyman and Werner band transitions whose relative frequencies are sensitive to μ, yielding a limit on the relative deviation from the current laboratory value of Δμ/μ=(-9.5 ± 5.4(stat)± 5.3(syst))×10(-6).

In the name of science: don't tamper with the deceptive truth...

PubMed

Reis, Helton J; Mukhamedyarov, Marat A; Rizvanov, Albert A; Palotás, András

2009-12-01

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) is one of the most controversial, most ambivalent and most important figures in the history of modern science. The debate surrounding him with respect to nuclear weapons and National Socialism appears unending. Even though Heisenberg's uncertainty principle of the quantum system and his involvement in the Nazi atomic bomb project have been thoroughly discussed in various journals over the past decades, no communication has ever been published at a holistic level of his greatest Nobel-prize winning achievement in theoretical physics. In order to fill up this hole, this piece explicitly communicates the Heisenberg's paradox at all levels of science.

VUV Fourier-transform absorption study of the Lyman and Werner bands in D2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Lange, Arno; Dickenson, Gareth D.; Salumbides, Edcel J.; Ubachs, Wim; de Oliveira, Nelson; Joyeux, Denis; Nahon, Laurent

2012-06-01

An extensive survey of the D2 absorption spectrum has been performed with the high-resolution VUV Fourier-transform spectrometer employing synchrotron radiation. The frequency range of 90 000-119 000 cm-1 covers the full depth of the potential wells of the B sideset{^1}{+u}{Σ}, B^' } sideset{^1}{+u}{Σ}, and C 1Πu electronic states up to the D(1s) + D(2ℓ) dissociation limit. Improved level energies of rovibrational levels have been determined up to respectively v = 51, v = 13, and v = 20. Highest resolution is achieved by probing absorption in a molecular gas jet with slit geometry, as well as in a liquid helium cooled static gas cell, resulting in line widths of ≈0.35 cm-1. Extended calibration methods are employed to extract line positions of D2 lines at absolute accuracies of 0.03 cm-1. The D 1Πu and B^' ' } sideset{^1}{+u}{Σ} electronic states correlate with the D(1s) + D(3ℓ) dissociation limit, but support a few vibrational levels below the second dissociation limit, respectively, v = 0-3 and v = 0-1, and are also included in the presented study. The complete set of resulting level energies is the most comprehensive and accurate data set for D2. The observations are compared with previous studies, both experimental and theoretical.

[Rainer Werner Fassbinder's "Garbage, the city and death"-- a German landscape of the soul].

PubMed

Vogt, R

1995-04-01

No other recent "art event" has aroused so much public debate in Germany as Fassbinder's play "Garbage, City, Death" (1976). The controversy it sparked on its appearance has still not entirely died down. In a painstaking psychoanalytic interpretation Vogt first shows that the play achieves an artistic representation of the unconscious dilemma besetting the second generation of non-Jewish Germans in their relationship to National Socialism. In Fassbinder's play this dilemma, which is bound up with vicarious guilt feelings, is however only presented and not in any way worked out. The upshot is that all those forms of identification with German traditions that have been repudiated on a conscious level re-enter, as it were by the back door, and attain a new virulence. The author demonstrates that at the heart of the play a mechanism of guilt-refusal is operative that inverts the historical culprit-victim relation and makes the Germans themselves into the real victims. In the second part of his article Vogt is concerned to situate the play and the controversy surrounding it in a broader political context--Bitburg (1985), the "historians' conflict" (1986), Jenninger's speech (1988)--revealing a specific collective psychological inscape in present-day Germany for which, in its profounder well-springs, Fassbinder's play may be legitimately regarded as symptomatic. Fassbinder (born 1945) articulates for his generation aspects of an "ethnic disturbance" (George Devereux) which continues to persist precisely because there is a German past "that refuses to go away" (Ernst Nolte).

Rapid synthesis of VX-745: p38 MAP kinase inhibition in Werner syndrome cells.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Dix, Matthew C; Rokicki, Michal J; Kipling, David

2007-09-15

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor VX-745 is prepared rapidly and efficiently in a four-step sequence using a combination of conductive heating and microwave-mediated steps. Its inhibitory activity was confirmed in hTERT immortalized HCA2 and WS dermal fibroblasts at 0.5-1.0 microM concentration by ELISA and immunoblot assay, and displays excellent kinase selectivity over the related stress-activated kinase JNK.

Characterizing quantum phase transition by teleportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Meng-He; Ling, Yi; Shu, Fu-Wen; Gan, Wen-Cong

2018-04-01

In this paper we provide a novel way to explore the relation between quantum teleportation and quantum phase transition. We construct a quantum channel with a mixed state which is made from one dimensional quantum Ising chain with infinite length, and then consider the teleportation with the use of entangled Werner states as input qubits. The fidelity as a figure of merit to measure how well the quantum state is transferred is studied numerically. Remarkably we find the first-order derivative of the fidelity with respect to the parameter in quantum Ising chain exhibits a logarithmic divergence at the quantum critical point. The implications of this phenomenon and possible applications are also briefly discussed.

Evolution of solar magnetic fields - A new approach to MHD initial-boundary value problems by the method of nearcharacteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nakagawa, Y.

1980-01-01

A method of analysis for the MHD initial-boundary problem is presented in which the model's formulation is based on the method of nearcharacteristics developed by Werner (1968) and modified by Shin and Kot (1978). With this method, the physical causality relationship can be traced from the perturbation to the response as in the method of characteristics, while achieving the advantage of a considerable reduction in mathematical procedures. The method offers the advantage of examining not only the evolution of nonforce free fields, but also the changes of physical conditions in the atmosphere accompanying the evolution of magnetic fields. The physical validity of the method is demonstrated with examples, and their significance in interpreting observations is discussed.

Conformational Isomerism of trans-[Pt(NH2C6H11)2I2] and the Classical Wernerian Chemistry of [Pt(NH2C6H11)4]X2 (X = Cl, Br, I)1

PubMed Central

Johnstone, Timothy C.; Lippard, Stephen J.

2012-01-01

X-ray crystallographic analysis of the compound trans-[Pt(NH2C6H11)2I2] revealed the presence of two distinct conformers within one crystal lattice. This compound was studied by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy to investigate the dynamic interconversion between these isomers. The results of this investigation were interpreted using physical (CPK) and computational (molecular mechanics and density functional theory) models. The conversion of the salts [Pt(NH2C6H11)4]X2 into trans-[Pt(NH2C6H11)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I) was also studied and is discussed here with an emphasis on parallels to the work of Alfred Werner. PMID:23554544

Microwave-assisted Ullmann C-S bond formation: synthesis of the P38alpha MAPK clinical candidate VX-745.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Dix, Matthew C; Fusillo, Vincenzo; Pigeaux, Morgane; Rokicki, Michal J; Kipling, David

2009-11-06

Microwave irradiation promotes the rapid and efficient reaction of a thiophenol and aryl or heteroaryl halide using a copper or palladium catalyst and a range of ligands, depending upon substrate. Of particular utility is the use of copper(I) iodide (5 mol %) and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol as ligand under basic conditions and microwave irradiation to give the corresponding sulfide in high yield. This method for C-S bond formation is applied in the four-step synthesis of the clinical candidate VX-745 in 38% overall yield. The inhibitory activity of VX-745 against p38alpha MAPK is confirmed in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts at 1.0 microM concentration by immunoblot assay.

[The 69th Congress-urologists nominated for the Nobel Prize : Not everyone got a prize: four biographical sketches].

PubMed

Moll, F H; Halling, T; Krischel, M; Hansson, N; Fangerau, H

2017-09-01

Our research group has reconstructed why the board certified urologists Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) and Charles Huggins (1901-1997) received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1956, and 1966, respectively). But the history of "Urology and the Nobel Prize" is in fact more multifaceted than the success stories of these two laureates suggest. James Israel (1848-1926), Berlin, Félix Guyon (1831-1920), Paris, Peter J. Freyer (1852-1921), London and Edwin Beer (1876-1938), New York were nominated for the award during the first three decades of the 20th century. Their candidacies mirror trends among leading urologists during the time when urology became a specialty in its own right.

[Knee disarticulation and through-knee amputation].

PubMed

Baumgartner, R

2011-10-01

A knee disarticulation or a through-knee stump is superior compared to a transfemoral stump. The thigh muscles are all preserved, and the muscle balance remains undisturbed. The range of motion of the hip joint is not limited. The bulbous shape of the stump allows full weight bearing at the stump end and can easily be fitted with a prosthesis. An amputee with a bilateral knee disarticulation is able to walk "barefoot". A more distal amputation level, e.g., an ultra-short transtibial amputation, is not possible. Important alternative to transfemoral amputations. Possible for any etiology except for Buerger-Winiwarter's disease. New indications are infected and loosened total knee replacements. Preservation of the knee joint is possible. Knee disarticulation is a very atraumatic procedure, compared to transfemoral amputations. Neither bones nor muscles have to be severed, just skin, ligaments, vessels, and nerves. Even the meniscal cartilages may be left in place to act as axial shock absorbers. The cartilage of the femur is not resected, but only bevelled in case of osteoarthritis. There are no tendon attachments or myoplastic procedures necessary. The patella remains in place and is held in position only by the retinacula. Skin closure must be performed without the slightest tension, and if possible not in the weight-bearing area. Transcondylar amputations across the femoral condyles only are indicated when there are not sufficient soft tissues for wound closure of a knee disarticulation. Alternatives as the techniques of Gritti, Klaes, and Eigler, the shortening of the femur and the Sauerbruch's rotation plasty [14] are presented and discussed. The risk of decubital ulcers is rather high. Correct bandaging of the stump is, therefore, particularly important. Prosthetic fitting is possible 3-6 weeks after surgery. The type of prosthesis depends on the amputee's activity level. The superior performance of amputees with knee disarticulations in sports prove the

The Application of Werner and Kaplan's Concept of "Distancing" to Children Who Are Deaf-Blind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Susan M.

2005-01-01

Through the process of distancing, children develop an understanding of the differences between themselves and others, themselves and objects, and objects and representations. Adults can support progressive distancing in children who are congenitally deaf-blind by applying strategies, such as the hand-under-hand exploration of objects, the…

Children's growth: a health indicator and a diagnostic tool.

PubMed

Gelander, Lars

2006-05-01

The publication of Werner and Bodin in Acta Paediatrica should inspire countries to use the growth of children as an indicator of health. The development of databases that cover all measurements of all children that have contact with healthcare and medical care will provide new knowledge in this area. Such databases will give us the opportunity to explore health in different areas of the country and to evaluate community projects in order to prevent obesity. Growth charts that are used to identify sick children or children that have other causes for growth disturbances must reflect how a healthy child should grow. If such prescriptive growth charts are computerized together with regional databases, they will provide necessary growth data for descriptive health surveys.

The troublesome birth of hydrodynamic stability theory: Sommerfeld and the turbulence problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eckert, M.

2010-07-01

More than a hundred years ago William McFadden Orr and Arnold Sommerfeld conceived an approach to account for the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in terms of hydrodynamic stability theory. But the “turbulence problem”, as this challenge became notoriously famous, could not be solved by this method. By 1920, it was widely recognized as an outstanding riddle. Although famous theoretical physicists like Werner Heisenberg dedicated a considerable effort to this problem, the “Orr-Sommerfeld method” has never found the attention of historians of science. This article describes its early perception and development in Germany, and how the “turbulence problem” reached center stage after the First World war as a major challenge for theorists with different perspectives.

Book Review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bokulich, Alisa

In recent years, there has been a growing resurgence of interest in the philosophical views of the founders of quantum mechanics. Kristian Camilleri's book on Werner Heisenberg's philosophy of quantum mechanics is a welcome addition to this literature. It takes Heisenberg seriously as a philosopher of science, traces the various philosophical influences on his view, and carefully distinguishes his interpretation of quantum mechanics from that of his contemporaries. It is a fine example of the new insights that can emerge when one takes an integrated approach to the history and philosophy of science. After summarizing some of the main themes of the book, I will turn to two moderate criticisms of the book-one stylistic, and the other, regarding its content.

[Psychiatry as cultural science: considerations following Max Weber].

PubMed

Bormuth, M

2010-11-01

Psychiatry can be seen as a natural and cultural science. According to this the postulate of freedom is its strong value judgment. Since the times of enlightenment it has been described metaphorically by the myth of the expulsion from Paradise. Following Max Weber and Wilhelm Dilthey, Karl Jaspers has introduced this perspective into psychiatry. His strict dichotomy between explaining and understanding has later been critically revised by Werner Janzarik and Hans Heimann. Their concepts of structure dynamic, of pathography and of anthropology are closer to Max Weber who connected natural and cultural sciences in a much stronger way. Especially the pathographic example of Nietzsche allows to demonstrate the differences between Jaspers and the later psychopathologists of the Heidelberg and Tübingen schools.

Evolution of pairwise entanglement in a coupled n-body system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pineda, Carlos; Centro de Ciencias Fisicas, University of Mexico; Seligman, Thomas H.

2006-01-15

We study the exact evolution of two noninteracting qubits, initially in a Bell state, in the presence of an environment, modeled by a kicked Ising spin chain. Dynamics of this model range from integrable to chaotic and we can handle numerics for a large number of qubits. We find that the entanglement (as measured by concurrence) of the two qubits has a close relation to the purity of the pair, and closely follows an analytic relation derived for Werner states. As a collateral result we find that an integrable environment causes quadratic decay of concurrence as well as of purity,more » while a chaotic environment causes linear decay. Both quantities display recurrences in an integrable environment.« less

Spring Research Festival Features Visit from FCPS Superintendent | Poster

Cancer.gov

One of the highlights of the 19th annual Spring Research Festival (SRF), held May 4–7, was a visit from Terry Alban, Ph.D., superintendent of Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS), and Mike Markoe, deputy superintendent, FCPS. They toured the event on May 7, talking to researchers and students about their posters. “Dr. Alban was very interested in hearing what the Werner H. Kirsten students were presenting at their posters,” said Andrea Frydl, public affairs specialist, Office of Scientific Operations, NCI at Frederick. “Many WHK students are also FCPS students, some of whom Dr. Alban and Dr. Markoe knew personally.” Alban tweeted (@FCPSMDSuper) photos and information about four of the students whose posters she visited during the tour.

Steering, Entanglement, Nonlocality, and the EPR Paradox

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiseman, Howard; Jones, Steve; Andrew, Doherty

2007-06-01

The concept of steering was introduced by Schroedinger in 1935 as a generalization of the EPR paradox for arbitrary pure bipartite entangled states and arbitrary measurements by one party. Until now, it has never been rigorously defined, so it has not been known (for example) what mixed states are steerable (that is, can be used to exhibit steering). We provide an operational definition, from which we prove (by considering Werner states and Isotropic states) that steerable states are a strict subset of the entangled states, and a strict superset of the states that can exhibit Bell-nonlocality. For arbitrary bipartite Gaussian states we derive a linear matrix inequality that decides the question of steerability via Gaussian measurements, and we relate this to the original EPR paradox.

Recursive computation of mutual potential between two polyhedra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Scheeres, Daniel J.

2013-11-01

Recursive computation of mutual potential, force, and torque between two polyhedra is studied. Based on formulations by Werner and Scheeres (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 91:337-349, 2005) and Fahnestock and Scheeres (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 96:317-339, 2006) who applied the Legendre polynomial expansion to gravity interactions and expressed each order term by a shape-dependent part and a shape-independent part, this paper generalizes the computation of each order term, giving recursive relations of the shape-dependent part. To consider the potential, force, and torque, we introduce three tensors. This method is applicable to any multi-body systems. Finally, we implement this recursive computation to simulate the dynamics of a two rigid-body system that consists of two equal-sized parallelepipeds.

American Doctors at the Nuremberg Medical Trial.

PubMed

Shuster, Evelyne

2018-01-01

Three Hippocratic physicians played critical roles in the prosecution of 23 Nazi doctors charged with murder and torture for conducting lethal medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. Two of the physicians, Leopold Alexander and Andrew C. Ivy, were Americans, and the other, Werner Leibbrandt, was German. At the 70th anniversary of the Doctors' Trial it is fitting to recall the three's influences and contributions to the formulation of strict research ethics rules, known as the Nuremberg Code. Their contributions help us better understand why they insisted on strict research rules and yet ultimately were unable to apply these rules to their own research. Exploring their contributions at Nuremberg may help us appreciate the continuing difficulty physician-researchers have with accepting public regulation of research.

Observations from earth orbit and variability of the polar aurora on Jupiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, J. T.; Moos, H. W.; Atreya, S. K.; Lane, A. L.

1980-01-01

Spatially resolved spectra of Jupiter taken with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite show enhanced emissions from the polar regions at H L-alpha (1216 A) and in the Lyman and Werner bands of H2 (1175-1650 A). Two types of variability in emission brightness have been observed in these aurorae: an increase in the observed emission as the auroral oval rotates with Jupiter's magnetic pole to face toward the earth and a general variation in brightness of more than an order of magnitude under nearly identical observing conditions. In addition, the spectral character of these aurorae (determined by the ratio of H L-alpha to H2 brightnesses) appears variable, indicating that the depth of penetration of the auroral particles is not constant.

Expanding STEM Education | Poster

Cancer.gov

Editor’s note: This article is written as a reflection on experiential STEM education by a student who completed her Werner H. Kirsten internship in June 2015. Here, she advocates for incorporating hands-on experience into STEM curricula. If the only way for high school students to learn science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is through textbooks, then count me out. But how then do you get students to learn STEM outside of the classroom? The focus of this article is to advocate for high school STEM education through experiential learning. Tom Freston, one of the founders and the chief executive officer (CEO) of MTV Productions, said in an interview in Men’s Journal that “innovation is taking two things that already exist and...

Philosophy of biology: about the fossilization of disciplines and other embryonic thoughts.

PubMed

Van Speybroeck, Linda

2007-01-01

This paper focuses on a running dispute between Werner Callebaut's naturalistic view and Filip Kolen and Gertrudis Van de Vijver's transcendentalist view on the nature of philosophy of biology and the relation of this discipline to biological sciences. It is argued that, despite differences in opinion, both positions agree that philosophy of biology's ultimate goal is to 'move' biology or at least be 'meaningful' to it. In order to make this goal clear and effective, more is needed than a polarizing debate which hardly touches upon biology. Therefore, a redirection in discussion is suggested towards a reflection on the possibilities of incorporating philosophy in interdisciplinary research, and on finding concrete research questions which are of interest both to the philosopher and to the biologist.

[The "utopian" national socialism - a mutual dispute in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker?].

PubMed

Schäfer, Wolf

2014-01-01

In a letter to his wife from October 14, 1943, Werner Heisenberg describes a fierce clash with Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker. The sudden conflict raises numerous questions, two of which are tackled here. First: How is now the friendly relationship between Heisenberg and Weizsäcker in the postwar years to be understood? The answer is: as a strategic performance. Second: How are the radical opinions to be explained that Weizsäcker expressed at the time? A thorough reconstruction of the lifelong connection that Weizsäcker maintained with Martin Heidegger and Heidegger's philosophy gives the answer: the young Weizsäcker was fired up by the "utopian" National Socialism with which Heidegger trumped the real existing.

Operational meaning of discord in terms of teleportation fidelity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adhikari, Satyabrata; Banerjee, Subhashish

2012-12-01

Quantum discord is a prominent measure of quantum correlations, playing an important role in expanding its horizon beyond entanglement. Here we provide an operational meaning of (geometric) discord, which quantifies the amount of nonclassical correlations of an arbitrary quantum system based on its minimal distance from the set of classical states, in terms of teleportation fidelity for general two-qubit and (d⊗d)-dimensional isotropic and Werner states. A critical value of the discord is found beyond which the two-qubit state must violate Bell's inequality. This is illustrated by an open-system model of a dissipative two-qubit state. For the (d⊗d)-dimensional states the lower bound of discord is shown to be obtainable from an experimentally measurable witness operator.

The first large geological map of Central and Eastern Europe (1815)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grigelis, Algimantas; Wójcik, Zbigniew; Narębski, Wojciech; Gelumbauskaitė, Leonora Živilė; Kozák, Jan; Czarniecki, Stanisław

2008-01-01

The first large geological map of Central and Eastern Europe was compiled by Stanisław Staszic in the early 19th century. The map is based on the geological survey that Staszic performed in different parts of Poland and adjacent areas. In 1814, Staszic presented his ideas on the geology and mineral sources of Poland and Lithuania. In 1815, he completed the book-length descriptive analysis O ziemorodztwie Karpatów i innych gór i równin Polski przez Stanisława Staszica, which was published in Warsaw and complemented by a large geological map of Central and Eastern Europe. His later studies were compiled in a historico-philosophical treatise titled Ród ludzki (1819-1820). The complete edition of Staszic's works, Dzieła, which also included these publications, appeared over 1816-1820. The geological field survey that he performed over several years, and his study of social-economic problems enabled Staszic to draw in great detail a geological map of the Carpathians, the Central Polish Highlands, Volhynia (modern Ukraine) and the Eastern Alps, as well as the areas of the Polish-Lithuanian Lowlands, the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, Polesye (modern Belarus), Moldova, Transylvania, and Hungary. Staszic was interested in the exploration of mineral deposits, particularly in Poland, which had rock salt, copper and iron ores, and coal. In his monograph and map, he adopted a stratigraphic subdivision based on types of rock contents and organic fossils, which was a slightly modified version of Werner's classification system. The lithological legend sets five classes and 135 different types of rock, and 15 types of ore deposits, using the French names for these. In general, Staszic was an advocate of Werner's paradigm; however, he did not follow exactly the ideas of the German geologist. Staszic's fundamental work recapitulates his views on geological history of Central and Eastern Europe, and brings to an end the Enlightment period in the geology of that part of

Seawater intrusion vulnerability indicators for freshwater lenses in strip islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgan, L.; Werner, A. D.

2014-12-01

Freshwater lenses on small islands have been described as some of the most vulnerable aquifer systems in the world. Yet, little guidance is available regarding methods for rapidly assessing the vulnerability of freshwater lenses to the potential effects of climate change. To address this gap we employ a steady-state analytic modelling approach to develop seawater intrusion (SWI) vulnerability indicator equations. The vulnerability indicator equations quantify the propensity for SWI to occur in strip islands due to both recharge change and sea-level rise (SLR) (incorporating the effect of land surface inundation (LSI)). This work extends that of Werner et al. (2012) who developed SWI vulnerability indicator equations for unconfined and confined continental aquifers, and did not consider LSI. Flux-controlled and head-controlled conceptualisations of freshwater lenses are adopted. Under flux-controlled conditions the water table is able to rise unencumbered by land surface effects. Under head-controlled conditions the head is fixed at the centre of the lens due to, for example, centrally located topographic controls, surface water features or pumping. A number of inferences about SWI vulnerability in freshwater lenses can be made from the analysis: (1) SWI vulnerability indicators for SLR (under flux-controlled conditions) are proportional to lens thickness (or volume) and the rate of LSI and inversely proportional to island width; (2) SWI vulnerability indicators for recharge change (under flux-controlled conditions) are proportional to lens thickness (or volume) and inversely proportional to recharge; (3) SLR has greater impact under head-controlled conditions rather than flux-controlled conditions, whereas the opposite is the case for LSI and recharge change. Example applications to several case studies illustrate use of the method for rapidly ranking lenses according to vulnerability, thereby allowing for prioritisation of areas where further and more detailed SWI

Integration of video and infrasound to understand source locations and vent geometry at Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, K. R.; Aster, R. C.; Johnson, J. B.; Kyle, P. R.; McIntosh, W. C.

2007-05-01

Infrasound monitoring at Erebus volcano has enabled us to quantify eruption energetics and precisely determine the source location of Strombolian eruptions. Since January 2006 we have operated a three-element network of identical infrasound pressure transducers, to track explosive eruptions, triangulate source locations of the eruptions, and distinguish activity from several vents with diverse activities. In December 2006 the network was expanded to six identical pressure transducers with improved azimuthal distribution sited ~300 m to 700 m from the erupting vents. These sensors have a dynamic range of +/-125 Pa and are able to record non-distorted waveforms for almost all eruptive events. Since January 2006, eruptions have been identified from locations within the ~40 m diameter phonolitic lava lake, an adjacent smaller "active vent", and a vent ~80 m distant from the lava lake known as "Werner's". Since late 2005 until the end of 2006, activity was considerably elevated at the "lava lake", from which frequent (up to six per day) explosions were noted. These events entailed gas bubble bursts, some of which were capable of ejecting bombs more than 1 km distant and producing infrasonic transients in excess of 100 Pa at a distance of 700 m. Activity from "Werner's" vent was much more subdued in terms of eruptive frequency and the radiated acoustic energy, with all signals less than about 5 Pa at 700 m. Activity from the "active vent" was also observed, though notably, these acoustic transients were extended in duration in terms of time (> 5 s to more than 30 s), which reflects extended duration ash-venting source mechanisms, corroborated by video records. The updated infrasound network has operated through a relative lull in eruptive intensity (November - December 2006 - January 2007). Since January 2007 more frequent and larger explosions from the lava lake have been observed and recorded with infrasound and video. We quantify this recent upsurge in lava lake

Perceptual organization reconsidered in the light of the watercolor illusion: The problem of perception of holes and the object-hole effect.

PubMed

Pinna, Baingio; Tanca, Maria

2008-05-23

The watercolor illusion is a long-range color assimilation (coloration effect) imparting a figure-ground segregation (figural effect) across large enclosed areas (B. Pinna, 1987; B. Pinna, G. Brelstaff, & L. Spillmann, 2001; B. Pinna, L. Spillmann, & J. S. Werner, 2003; B. Pinna, J. S. Werner, & L. Spillmann, 2003). The watercolored figure has a very poorly reversible or univocal figure-ground segregation and strongly enhances the unilateral belongingness of the boundaries (E. Rubin, 1915), a principle stating that the boundaries belong only to the figure and not to the background. The figural effect determines grouping and figure-ground segregation more strongly than the well-known Gestalt principles. Under watercolor conditions both the figure and the background assume new properties becoming respectively bulging object and hole both with a 3-D volumetric appearance (object-hole effect). Our purposes were: (i) to demonstrate that the hole induced by the watercolor illusion has unique figural properties comparable to those of the object and not present in the background induced by the known figure-ground principles; (ii) to demonstrate a dissociation of the object-hole effect from the coloration one; (iii) to demonstrate that the object-hole effect depends on a new principle. This was psychophysically tested by weakening (ungrouping) the whole figural organization of the watercolor illusion, i.e. by imparting motion to only some components of a stimulus, while other components remain stationary. The results showed that (i) subjects perceived moving holes more strongly than moving figures or objects enlarging and shrinking. (ii) Paradoxically, moving holes appear more as figures than the bulging surfaces. (iii) When motion was imparted to components that while stationary were perceived as objects, their figurality is further enhanced (summation effect). (iv) When object-hole and coloration effects were dissociated no significant difference compared to illusory

Balloon Angioplasty – The Legacy of Andreas Grüntzig, M.D. (1939–1985)

PubMed Central

Barton, Matthias; Grüntzig, Johannes; Husmann, Marc; Rösch, Josef

2014-01-01

In 1974, at the Medical Policlinic of the University of Zürich, German-born physician-scientist Andreas Grüntzig (1939–1985) for the first time applied a balloon-tipped catheter to re-open a severely stenosed femoral artery, a procedure, which he initially called “percutaneous transluminal dilatation”. Balloon angioplasty as a therapy of atherosclerotic vascular disease, for which Grüntzig and Charles T. Dotter (1920–1985) received a nomination for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978, became one of the most successful examples of translational medicine in the twentieth century. Known today as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in peripheral arteries or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary arteries, balloon angioplasty has become the method of choice to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction or occluded leg arteries. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of balloon angioplasty, we summarize Grüntzig’s life and career in Germany, Switzerland, and the United States and also review the developments in vascular medicine from the 1890s to the 1980s, including Dotter’s first accidental angioplasty in 1963. The work of pioneers of catheterization, including Pedro L. Fariñas in Cuba, André F. Cournand in France, Werner Forssmann, Werner Porstmann and Eberhard Zeitler in Germany, António Egas Moniz and Reynaldo dos Santos in Portugal, Sven-Ivar Seldinger in Sweden, and Barney Brooks, Thomas J. Fogarty, Melvin P. Judkins, Richard K. Myler, Dickinson W. Richards, and F. Mason Sones in the United States, is discussed. We also present quotes by Grüntzig and excerpts from his unfinished autobiography, statements of Grüntzig’s former colleagues and contemporary witnesses, and have included hitherto unpublished historic photographs and links to archive recordings and historic materials. This year, on June 25, 2014, Andreas Grüntzig would have celebrated

Do the Infrared Emission Features Need UV Excitation? The PAH Model in UV-poor Reflection Nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, A.; Draine, B. T.

2001-12-01

One of the major challenges of identifying the 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3μ m interstellar infrared emission bands with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules has been the recent detection of these bands in regions with little ultraviolet (UV) illumination since small, neutral PAH molecules have little or no absorption at visible wavelengths and thus are excited primarily by UV photons. The ``astronomical'' PAH model (Li & Draine 2001), incorporating the experimental result that the visual absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength upon ionization and/or as the PAH size increases (Allamandola, Hudgins, & Sandford 1999), is shown to be able to closely reproduce the observed infrared emission bands of vdB 133, a UV-poor reflection nebula (Uchida, Sellgren, & Werner 1998) as well as the 6.2, 7.7, and 11.3μ m band ratios of the UV-deficient ring in the Andromeda galaxy M31 (Pagani et al. 1999). It is also shown that ``astronomical'' PAHs can be heated sufficiently by a T eff=3000 K black-body to emit at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3μ m. Illustrative mid-IR emission spectra are calculated for reflection nebulae illuminated by cool stars with T eff=3600, 4500, 5000 K. These will allow comparison with future Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) observations of vdB 135 (T eff=3600 K), vdB 47 (T eff=4500 K), and vdB 101 (T eff=5000 K) (Houck 2001). This research was supported in part by NASA grant NAG5-7030 and NSF grant AST-9619429. { References:} Allamandola, L.J., Hudgins, D.M., & Sandford, S.A. 1999, ApJ, 511, L115 Houck, J.R. 2001, SIRTF Observations of the Mid IR Features in Reflection Nebulae, {\\sf http://sirtf.caltech.edu/ROC/pid19} Li, A., & Draine, B.T. 2001, ApJ, 554, 778 Pagani, L., et al. 1999, A&A, 351, 447 Uchida, K.I., Sellgren, K., & Werner, M.W. 1998, ApJ, 493, L109

Using stable isotopes to resolve eco-hydrological dynamics of soil-plant-atmosphere feedbacks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubbert, M.; Piayda, A.; Kübert, A.; Cuntz, M.; Werner, C.

2016-12-01

Water is the main driver of ecosystem productivity in most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Extreme events are predicted to increase in frequency in many regions and dynamic responses in soil-vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks play a privotal role in understanding the ecosystem water balance and functioning. In this regard, more interdisciplinary approaches, bridging hydrology, ecophysiology and atmospheric sciences are needed and particularly water stable isotopes are a powerful tracer of water transfer in soils and at the soil-plant interface (Werner and Dubbert 2016). Here, we present observations 2 different ecosystems. Water fluxes, atmospheric concentrations and their isotopic compositions were measured using laser spectroscopy. Soil moisture and its isotopic composition in several depths as well as further water sources in the ecosystem were monitored throughout the year. Using these isotopic approaches we disentangled soil-plant-atmosphere feedback processes controlling the ecosystem water cycle including vegetation effects on soil water infiltration and distribution, event water use of vegetation and soil fluxes, vegetational soil water uptake depths plasticity and partitioning of ecosystem water fluxes. In this regard, we review current strategies of ET partitioning and highlight pitfalls in the presented strategies (Dubbert et al. 2013, Dubbert et al.2014a). We demonstrate that vegetation strongly influenced water cycling, altering infiltration and distribution of precipitation. In conclusion, application of stable water isotope tracers delivers a process based understanding of interactions between soil, understorey and trees governing ecosystem water cycling necessary for prediction of climate change impact on ecosystem productivity and vulnerability. ReferencesDubbert, M. et al. (2013): Partitioning evapotranspiration - Testing the Craig and Gordon model with field measurements of oxygen isotope ratios of evaporative fluxes. Journal of Hydrology Dubbert

Experimental Test of Heisenberg's Measurement Uncertainty Relation Based on Statistical Distances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Wenchao; Ma, Zhihao; Wang, Hengyan; Chen, Zhihua; Liu, Ying; Kong, Fei; Li, Zhaokai; Peng, Xinhua; Shi, Mingjun; Shi, Fazhan; Fei, Shao-Ming; Du, Jiangfeng

2016-04-01

Incompatible observables can be approximated by compatible observables in joint measurement or measured sequentially, with constrained accuracy as implied by Heisenberg's original formulation of the uncertainty principle. Recently, Busch, Lahti, and Werner proposed inaccuracy trade-off relations based on statistical distances between probability distributions of measurement outcomes [P. Busch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 160405 (2013); P. Busch et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 012129 (2014)]. Here we reformulate their theoretical framework, derive an improved relation for qubit measurement, and perform an experimental test on a spin system. The relation reveals that the worst-case inaccuracy is tightly bounded from below by the incompatibility of target observables, and is verified by the experiment employing joint measurement in which two compatible observables designed to approximate two incompatible observables on one qubit are measured simultaneously.

Early Cosmic Ray Research with Balloons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, Michael

2013-06-01

The discovery of cosmic rays by Victor Hess during a balloon flight in 1912 at an altitude of 5350 m would not have been possible without the more than one hundred years development of scientific ballooning. The discovery of hot air and hydrogen balloons and their first flights in Europe is shortly described. Scientific ballooning was mainly connected with activities of meteorologists. It was also the geologist and meteorologist Franz Linke, who probably observed first indications of a penetrating radiation whose intensity seemed to increase with the altitude. Karl Bergwitz and Albert Gockel were the first physicists studying the penetrating radiation during balloon flights. The main part of the article deals with the discovery of the extraterrestrial radiation by V. Hess and the confirmation by Werner Kolhörster.

Experimental Test of Heisenberg's Measurement Uncertainty Relation Based on Statistical Distances.

PubMed

Ma, Wenchao; Ma, Zhihao; Wang, Hengyan; Chen, Zhihua; Liu, Ying; Kong, Fei; Li, Zhaokai; Peng, Xinhua; Shi, Mingjun; Shi, Fazhan; Fei, Shao-Ming; Du, Jiangfeng

2016-04-22

Incompatible observables can be approximated by compatible observables in joint measurement or measured sequentially, with constrained accuracy as implied by Heisenberg's original formulation of the uncertainty principle. Recently, Busch, Lahti, and Werner proposed inaccuracy trade-off relations based on statistical distances between probability distributions of measurement outcomes [P. Busch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 160405 (2013); P. Busch et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 012129 (2014)]. Here we reformulate their theoretical framework, derive an improved relation for qubit measurement, and perform an experimental test on a spin system. The relation reveals that the worst-case inaccuracy is tightly bounded from below by the incompatibility of target observables, and is verified by the experiment employing joint measurement in which two compatible observables designed to approximate two incompatible observables on one qubit are measured simultaneously.

Identifying and Addressing Stakeholder Interests in Design Science Research: An Analysis Using Critical Systems Heuristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venable, John R.

This paper utilises the Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) framework developed by Werner Ulrich to critically consider the stakeholders and design goals that should be considered as relevant by researchers conducing Design Science Research (DSR). CSH provides a philosophically and theoretically grounded framework and means for critical consideration of the choices of stakeholders considered to be relevant to any system under design consideration. The paper recommends that legitimately undertaken DSR should include witnesses to represent the interests of the future consumers of the outcomes of DSR, i.e., the future clients, decision makers, professionals, and other non-included stakeholders in the future use of the solution technologies to be invented in DSR. The paper further discusses options for how witnesses might be included, who should be witnessed for and obstacles to implementing the recommendations.

Impact of herbaceous understory vegetation to ecosystem water cycle, productivity and infiltration in a semi arid oak woodland assessed by stable oxygen isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubbert, Maren; Piayda, Arndt; Silva, Filipe Costa e.; Correia, Alexandra C.; Pereira, Joao S.; Cuntz, Matthias; Werner, Christiane

2015-04-01

vegetation strongly increased rain infiltration, specifically during strong rain events. In conclusion, beneficial understory vegetation effects were dominant. However, the observed vulnerability of the understory vegetation to drought and competition for water with trees suggests, that increased drought and altered precipitation pattern as predicted in future climate change scenarios for the Mediterranean basin not only threaten understory development. They also very likely decrease rain infiltration and ground water recharge by decreasing understory vegetation cover and increasing amount of heavy precipitation events with high run-off from sealed bare soils. This in turn can severely diminish cork-oak productivity and hence the resilience of the ecosystem toward drought (Costa e Silva et al., in rev.). Dubbert, M; Cuntz, M; Piayda, A; Maguas, C; Werner, C: Partitioning evapotranspiration - Testing the Craig and Gordon model with field measurements of oxygen isotope ratios of evaporative fluxes. J Hydrol (2013) Dubbert, M; Piayda, A; Cuntz, M; Correia, AC; Costa e Silva, F; Pereira, JS; Werner, C: Stable oxygen isotope and flux partitioning demonstrates understory of an oak savanna contributes up to half of ecosystem carbon and water exchange, Frontiers in Plant Science (2014a) Dubbert, M; Mosena, A; Piayda, A; Cuntz, M; Correia, AC; Pereira, JS; Werner, C: Influence of tree cover on herbaceous layer development and carbon and water fluxes in a Portuguese cork oak woodland., Acta Oecologica

Editor's note

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2005-11-01

Nordita, the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, was founded in 1957 by Niels Bohr and Torsten Gustafsson at Blegdamsvej in Copenhagen, joint to Bohr's legendary Institute. Today, memories of Bohr and his famous visitors -- Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, Lev Landau and many others -- strongly contribute to Nordita's genius loci and inspire next generations of her visitors. Nordita awards ``Nordic Project'' grants to individual Nordic physicists to help conduct a world-class research in Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Island, Norway, and Sweden). Research reported here was generously supported by the Nordic Project "Quasi Periodic Oscillations in Black Hole and Neutron Star sources" awarded in 2005 to Marek Abramowicz. The Project supported the ``Nordita Workdays on QPO" (March 25 -- April 1, 2005) organized by Marek Abramowicz, Axel Brandenburg and Juri Poutanen with help of Hanne Bergen, Helle http://www.nordita.dk/positions/norproject.html

Age differences in visual search for compound patterns: long- versus short-range grouping.

PubMed

Burack, J A; Enns, J T; Iarocci, G; Randolph, B

2000-11-01

Visual search for compound patterns was examined in observers aged 6, 8, 10, and 22 years. The main question was whether age-related improvement in search rate (response time slope over number of items) was different for patterns defined by short- versus long-range spatial relations. Perceptual access to each type of relation was varied by using elements of same contrast (easy to access) or mixed contrast (hard to access). The results showed large improvements with age in search rate for long-range targets; search rate for short-range targets was fairly constant across age. This pattern held regardless of whether perceptual access to a target was easy or hard, supporting the hypothesis that different processes are involved in perceptual grouping at these two levels. The results also point to important links between ontogenic and microgenic change in perception (H. Werner, 1948, 1957).

Interstellar clouds containing optically thin H2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jura, M.

1975-01-01

The theory of Black and Delgarno that the relative populations of the excited rotational levels of H2 can be understood in terms of cascading following absorption in the Lyman and Werner bands is employed to infer the gas densities and radiation fields within diffuse interstellar clouds containing H2 that is optically thin in those bands. The procedure is described for computing the populations of the different rotation levels, the relative distribution among the different rotation levels of newly formed H2 is determined on the basis of five simplified models, and the rate of H2 formation is estimated. The results are applied to delta Ori, two components of iota Ori, the second components of rho Leo and zeta Ori, tau Sco, gamma Vel, and zeta Pup. The inferred parameters are summarized for each cloud.

Fidelity deviation in quantum teleportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bang, Jeongho; Ryu, Junghee; Kaszlikowski, Dagomir

2018-04-01

We analyze the performance of quantum teleportation in terms of average fidelity and fidelity deviation. The average fidelity is defined as the average value of the fidelities over all possible input states and the fidelity deviation is their standard deviation, which is referred to as a concept of fluctuation or universality. In the analysis, we find the condition to optimize both measures under a noisy quantum channel—we here consider the so-called Werner channel. To characterize our results, we introduce a 2D space defined by the aforementioned measures, in which the performance of the teleportation is represented as a point with the channel noise parameter. Through further analysis, we specify some regions drawn for different channel conditions, establishing the connection to the dissimilar contributions of the entanglement to the teleportation and the Bell inequality violation.

The emergence of Quantum Schools: Munich, Göttingen and Copenhagen as new centers of atomic theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eckert, M.

2001-01-01

The institutes of Arnold Sommerfeld in Munich, Niels Bohr in Copenhagen, and Max Born in Göttingen became the leading centers for the study of quantum theory in the first decades of the twentieth century. Although founded for a broader range of theoretical physics, the quantum became the major topic of research in Munich after the Bohr-Sommerfeld-model of the atom (1913-16). The heyday came in the 1920s, when Bohr's and Born's institutes started operation and became further attractive centers for ambitious theorists all over the world. The discovery of quantum mechanics (1925) should be regarded not only as the achievement of a few young geniuses (in particular Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli) but also as the result of a collaborative effort emerging in the new social and intellectual environment of their teachers' schools in Munich, Göttingen and Copenhagen.

Shape and symmetry of heptacoordinate transition-metal complexes: structural trends.

PubMed

Casanova, David; Alemany, Pere; Bofill, Josep M; Alvarez, Santiago

2003-03-17

The stereochemistries of heptacoordinate transition-metal complexes are analyzed by using continuous symmetry and shape measures of their coordination spheres. The distribution of heptacoordination through the transition-metal series is presented based on structural database searches including organometallic and Werner-type molecular complexes, metalloproteins, and extended solids. The most common polyhedron seems to be the pentagonal bipyramid, while different preferences are found for specific families of compounds, as in the complexes with three or four carbonyl or phosphine ligands, which prefer the capped octahedron or the capped trigonal prism rather than the pentagonal bipyramid. The symmetry maps for heptacoordination are presented and shown to be helpful for detecting stereochemical trends. The maximal symmetry interconversion pathways between the three most common polyhedra are defined in terms of symmetry constants and a large number of experimental structures are seen to fall along those paths.

NASA evolution of exploration architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, Barney B.

1991-01-01

A series of charts and diagrams is used to provide a detailed overview of the evolution of NASA space exploration architectures. The pre-Apollo programs including the Werner von Braun feasibility study are discussed and the evolution of the Apollo program itself is treated in detail. The post-Apollo era is reviewed and attention is given to the resurgence of strategic planning exemplified by both ad hoc and formal efforts at planning. Results of NASA's study of the main elements of the Space Exploration Initiative which examined technical scenarios, science opportunities, required technologies, international considerations, institutional strengths and needs, and resource estimates are presented. The 90-day study concludes that, among other things, major investments in challenging technologies are required, the scientific opportunities provided by the program are considerable, current launch capabilities are inadequate, and Space Station Freedom is essential.

Saturn V Arrives at Launch Pad Complex 39

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1969-01-01

The Saturn V launch vehicle (AS-506) carrying the Apollo 11 spacecraft, arrived at the launch pad complex 39 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on May 20, 1969. On July 16, 1969, the 363 foot tall, 6,400,000 pound rocket, developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) under the direction of Werner von Braun, hurled the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit and then placed it on the trajectory to the moon for man's first lunar landing. Aboard the spacecraft were astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, Command Module (CM) pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Lunar Module (LM) pilot. The crew safely splashed down into the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. With the success of Apollo 11, the national objective to land men on the Moon and return them safely to Earth had been accomplished.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Soft X-ray standards (Beuermann+, 2006)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beuermann, K.; Burwitz, V.; Rauch, T.

2006-08-01

Table A1 contains the area correction functions to the Chandra LETG+HRCS effective areas for the negative and positive dispersion directions, alphaneg, alphapos, and their area-weighted mean alpha as well as the corrected effective areas for a gravity of HZ43A of logg=7.90. Tables A2 and A3 are for logg=7.80 and 8.00, respectively. The corrected area A is obtained as the recommended area of the Chandra November 2004 release (http://cxc.harvard.edu/cal/Letg, LETG/HRC-S Effective Area, updated November 2004), referred to as A0 in the paper, multiplied with the correction function alpha (see Section 4.4.1 of the paper for further explanation). The variation of the correction functions alpha and the corrected areas A between the three tables indicate their systematic errors around the nominal values of Table A1 which are depicted in Fig. 5 of the paper. The columns of Tables A1 to A3 provide the wavelength Lambda ({AA}), alphaneg, alphapos, alpha, Aneg (cm2), Apos (cm2), and A (cm2). The header to each Table contains the parameters of the respective fit. Table A4 contains the best-fit incident soft X-ray spectra of HZ43A, SiriusB, and RXJ1856-37 for a gravity of HZ43A of logg=7.90 as shown in Fig. 6 of the paper (see also Table 3 of the paper). Tables A5 and A6 are for logg=7.80 and 8.00, respectively. The best-fit spectra are based on the most recent version of the Tuebingen Model Atmosphere Package TMAP (Werner et al. 2003, in: Workshop on Stellar Atmosphere Modeling, eds. I. Hubeny, D. Mihalas, K. Werner, ASP Conf. Ser. 288, 31; Rauch & Deetjen 2003, ASP Conf. Ser. 288, 103). The columns of Tables A1 to A3 provide the wavelength Lambda ({AA}) and the photon fluxes of the three stars in photons/cm2/s/{AA}. The header to each Table contains the parameters of the respective fit. (6 data files).

Colloquium: Search for a drifting proton-electron mass ratio from H2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ubachs, W.; Bagdonaite, J.; Salumbides, E. J.; Murphy, M. T.; Kaper, L.

2016-04-01

An overview is presented of the H2 quasar absorption method to search for a possible variation of the proton-electron mass ratio μ =mp/me on a cosmological time scale. The method is based on a comparison between wavelengths of absorption lines in the H2 Lyman and Werner bands as observed at high redshift with wavelengths of the same lines measured at zero redshift in the laboratory. For such comparison sensitivity coefficients to a relative variation of μ are calculated for all individual lines and included in the fitting routine deriving a value for Δ μ /μ . Details of the analysis of astronomical spectra, obtained with large 8-10 m class optical telescopes, equipped with high-resolution echelle grating based spectrographs, are explained. The methods and results of the laboratory molecular spectroscopy of H2, in particular, the laser-based metrology studies for the determination of rest wavelengths of the Lyman and Werner band absorption lines, are reviewed. Theoretical physics scenarios delivering a rationale for a varying μ are discussed briefly, as well as alternative spectroscopic approaches to probe variation of μ , other than the H2 method. Also a recent approach to detect a dependence of the proton-to-electron mass ratio on environmental conditions, such as the presence of strong gravitational fields, are highlighted. Currently some 56 H2 absorption systems are known and listed. Their usefulness to detect μ variation is discussed, in terms of column densities and brightness of background quasar sources, along with future observational strategies. The astronomical observations of ten quasar systems analyzed so far set a constraint on a varying proton-electron mass ratio of |Δ μ /μ |<5 ×1 0-6 (3 σ ), which is a null result, holding for redshifts in the range z =2.0 - 4.2 . This corresponds to look-back times of (10 - 12.4 )×109 years into cosmic history. Attempts to interpret the results from these ten H2 absorbers in terms of a spatial

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Verbanis, E.; Martin, A.; Rosset, D.

Imperfections in experimental measurement schemes can lead to falsely identifying, or over estimating, entanglement in a quantum system. A recent solution to this is to define schemes that are robust to measurement imperfections—measurement-device-independent entanglement witness (MDI-EW). This approach can be adapted to witness all entangled qubit states for a wide range of physical systems and does not depend on detection efficiencies or classical communication between devices. In this paper, we extend the theory to remove the necessity of prior knowledge about the two-qubit states to be witnessed. Moreover, we tested this model via a novel experimental implementation for MDI-EW thatmore » significantly reduces the experimental complexity. Finally, by applying it to a bipartite Werner state, we demonstrate the robustness of this approach against noise by witnessing entanglement down to an entangled state fraction close to 0.4.« less

The Emergence of Mathematical Physics at the University of Leipzig

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlote, Karl-Heinz

Except for the well-known blossoming of theoretical physics with the group around Werner Heisenberg at the University of Leipzig at the end of the 1920s, the tradition of mathematical physics had been analyzed in only a few aspects, in particular the work of Carl Neumann and his contributions to the shaping of mathematical physics in general and the theory of electrodynamics in particular. However, the establishment of mathematical physics and its strong position at the University of Leipzig, with Neumann as its leading figure in the last third of the nineteenth century, formed important preconditions for the later upswing. That process is analyzed in this article, focusing on the work of Neumann. It includes a discussion of his ideas on the structure of a physical theory and the role of mathematics in physics as well as his impact on the interaction of mathematics and physics.

Max Born and Molecular Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rechenberg, H.

While the 20th century is approaching its conclusion, the historian may look back and assemble the essential scientific fruits of the this period. Nearly fifty years ago, Werner Heisenberg stated in a lecture that in quantum or wave mechanics ``a new, unified science of matter has arisen, where the separation between chemistry and physics essentially lost any meaning", because (Heisenberg 1953)``The chemical properties of atoms have at least in principle become accessible to calculation, and already in the first years after the rise of quantum mechanics the simplest chemical binding, namely that of the two hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen molecule was calculated with the help of the new methods and was found in closest agreement with chemical experience. Thus the chemical valency-forces were explained on a physical basis, and the application of the new knowledge in industrial practices became only a matter of time."

Heritage Gallery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) building 4200 hosts a new spaceflight history museum referred to as the Heritage Gallery, allowing employees and visitors alike to have the opportunity to experience history first hand. On display are many models of launch vehicles and spacecraft that have made the center famous. It features a full-scale mockup of the lunar roving vehicle, three built-in multimedia displays, a large theater screen, and two glass cases that house memorabilia such as personal items belonging to Wernher von Braun, MSFC's first Center Director. The new Heritage Gallery features the accomplishments of several past and present members of the Marshall team. Attending the ribbon cutting ceremony are: (left to right) Gerhard Reisig; Cort Durocher, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Ernst Stuhlinger; Konrad Darnenburg; Werner Dahm; Walter Jacobi; and host of event, Center Director Art Stephenson.

Low- and high-spin iron (II) complexes studied by effective crystal field method combined with molecular mechanics.

PubMed

Darkhovskii, M B; Pletnev, I V; Tchougréeff, A L

2003-11-15

A computational method targeted to Werner-type complexes is developed on the basis of quantum mechanical effective Hamiltonian crystal field (EHCF) methodology (previously proposed for describing electronic structure of transition metal complexes) combined with the Gillespie-Kepert version of molecular mechanics (MM). It is a special version of the hybrid quantum/MM approach. The MM part is responsible for representing the whole molecule, including ligand atoms and metal ion coordination sphere, but leaving out the effects of the d-shell. The quantum mechanical EHCF part is limited to the metal ion d-shell. The method reproduces with reasonable accuracy geometry and spin states of the Fe(II) complexes with monodentate and polydentate aromatic ligands with nitrogen donor atoms. In this setting a single set of MM parameters set is shown to be sufficient for handling all spin states of the complexes under consideration. Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fisher information of accelerated two-qubit systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metwally, N.

2018-02-01

In this paper, Fisher information for an accelerated system initially prepared in the X-state is discussed. An analytical solution, which consists of three parts: classical, the average over all pure states and a mixture of pure states, is derived for the general state and for Werner state. It is shown that the Unruh acceleration has a depleting effect on the Fisher information. This depletion depends on the degree of entanglement of the initial state settings. For the X-state, for some intervals of Unruh acceleration, the Fisher information remains constant, irrespective to the Unruh acceleration. In general, the possibility of estimating the state’s parameters decreases as the acceleration increases. However, the precision of estimation can be maximized for certain values of the Unruh acceleration. We also investigate the contribution of the different parts of the Fisher information on the dynamics of the total Fisher information.

The development of a green supply chain dual-objective facility by considering different levels of uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khorasani, Sasan Torabzadeh; Almasifard, Maryam

2017-11-01

This paper presents a dual-objective facility programming model for a green supply chain network. The main objectives of the presented model are minimizing overall expenditure and negative environmental impacts of the supply chain. This study contributes to the existing literature by incorporating uncertainty in customer demand, suppliers, production, and casting capacity. An industrial case study is also analyzed to reveal the feasibility of the proposed model and its application. A fuzzy approach which is known as TH is used to solve the suggested dual-objective model. TH approach is integration of a max-min method (LH) and modified version of Werners' approach (MW). The outcome of this study reveals that the presented model can support green supply chain network in different levels of uncertainty. In presented model, cost and negative environmental impacts derived from the supply chain network will increase of higher levels of uncertainty.

Optimal joint measurements of complementary observables by a single trapped ion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, T. P.; Yan, L. L.; Ma, Z. H.; Zhou, F.; Chen, L.; Yang, W. L.; Feng, M.; Busch, P.

2017-06-01

The uncertainty relations, pioneered by Werner Heisenberg nearly 90 years ago, set a fundamental limitation on the joint measurability of complementary observables. This limitation has long been a subject of debate, which has been reignited recently due to new proposed forms of measurement uncertainty relations. The present work is associated with a new error trade-off relation for compatible observables approximating two incompatible observables, in keeping with the spirit of Heisenberg’s original ideas of 1927. We report the first direct test and confirmation of the tight bounds prescribed by such an error trade-off relation, based on an experimental realisation of optimal joint measurements of complementary observables using a single ultracold {}40{{{Ca}}}+ ion trapped in a harmonic potential. Our work provides a prototypical determination of ultimate joint measurement error bounds with potential applications in quantum information science for high-precision measurement and information security.

IUE observations of longitudinal and temporal variations in the Jovian auroral emission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skinner, T. E.; Durrance, S. T.; Feldman, P. D.; Moos, H. W.

1984-01-01

The IUE's short wavelength spectrograph has been used to monitor the auroral emissions from Jupiter's northern hemisphere, yielding eight observations between January 1981 and January 1982 of H I Lyman-alpha and the H2 Lyman and Werner bands. Attention is given to an apparent periodic emission flux fluctuation, through detailed modeling of the emission geometry. Two possible auroral zones are defined at the north pole by mapping the magnetic field lines from the Io torus and the magnetotail onto the planet's atmosphere. The observed variation in flux with central meridian longitude is not consistent with a uniform brightness as a function of magnetic longitude in either auroral zone. The data can be fitted by confining the emissions to the region of the northern torus auroral zone, in qualitative agreement with the magnetic anomaly model. A similar emission from the magnetotail auroral zone cannot be ruled out.

Light-Cone Effect of Radiation Fields in Cosmological Radiative Transfer Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, Kyungjin

2015-02-01

We present a novel method to implement time-delayed propagation of radiation fields in cosmo-logical radiative transfer simulations. Time-delayed propagation of radiation fields requires construction of retarded-time fields by tracking the location and lifetime of radiation sources along the corresponding light-cones. Cosmological radiative transfer simulations have, until now, ignored this "light-cone effect" or implemented ray-tracing methods that are computationally demanding. We show that radiative trans-fer calculation of the time-delayed fields can be easily achieved in numerical simulations when periodic boundary conditions are used, by calculating the time-discretized retarded-time Green's function using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method and convolving it with the source distribution. We also present a direct application of this method to the long-range radiation field of Lyman-Werner band photons, which is important in the high-redshift astrophysics with first stars.

Resource-Efficient Measurement-Device-Independent Entanglement Witness

DOE PAGES

Verbanis, E.; Martin, A.; Rosset, D.; ...

2016-05-09

Imperfections in experimental measurement schemes can lead to falsely identifying, or over estimating, entanglement in a quantum system. A recent solution to this is to define schemes that are robust to measurement imperfections—measurement-device-independent entanglement witness (MDI-EW). This approach can be adapted to witness all entangled qubit states for a wide range of physical systems and does not depend on detection efficiencies or classical communication between devices. In this paper, we extend the theory to remove the necessity of prior knowledge about the two-qubit states to be witnessed. Moreover, we tested this model via a novel experimental implementation for MDI-EW thatmore » significantly reduces the experimental complexity. Finally, by applying it to a bipartite Werner state, we demonstrate the robustness of this approach against noise by witnessing entanglement down to an entangled state fraction close to 0.4.« less

Damaged mitochondria in Fanconi anemia - an isolated event or a general phenomenon?

PubMed

Pagano, Giovanni; Shyamsunder, Pavithra; Verma, Rama S; Lyakhovich, Alex

2014-01-01

Fanconi anemia (FA) is known as an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with cancer predisposition and susceptibility to a number of DNA damaging stimuli, along with a number of clinical features such as upper limb malformations, increased diabetes incidence and typical anomalies in skin pigmentation. The proteins encoded by FA-defective genes (FANC proteins) display well-established roles in DNA damage and repair pathways. Moreover, some independent studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) is also involved in FA phenotype. Unconfined to FA, we have shown that other syndromes featuring DNA damage and repair (such as ataxia-telangiectasia, AT, and Werner syndrome, WS) display MDF-related phenotypes, along with oxidative stress (OS) that, altogether, may play major roles in these diseases. Experimental and clinical studies are warranted in the prospect of future therapies to be focused on compounds scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as protecting mitochondrial functions.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-30

Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) building 4200 hosts a new spaceflight history museum referred to as the Heritage Gallery, allowing employees and visitors alike to have the opportunity to experience history first hand. On display are many models of launch vehicles and spacecraft that have made the center famous. It features a full-scale mockup of the lunar roving vehicle, three built-in multimedia displays, a large theater screen, and two glass cases that house memorabilia such as personal items belonging to Wernher von Braun, MSFC's first Center Director. The new Heritage Gallery features the accomplishments of several past and present members of the Marshall team. Attending the ribbon cutting ceremony are: (left to right) Gerhard Reisig; Cort Durocher, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Ernst Stuhlinger; Konrad Darnenburg; Werner Dahm; Walter Jacobi; and host of event, Center Director Art Stephenson.

[Ophthalmologists in the proximity of Adolf Hitler].

PubMed

Rohrbach, J M

2012-10-01

Adolf Hitler met or at least knew about 5 ophthalmologists. The chair of ophthalmology in Berlin, Walther Löhlein, personally examined Hitler's eyes at least two times. The chair of ophthalmology in Breslau, Walter Dieter, developed "air raid protection spectacles" with the aid of high representatives of the NS-system and probably Adolf Hitler himself. Heinrich Wilhelm Kranz became rector of the universities of Giessen and Frankfurt/Main. He was known as a very strict advocate of the NS-race hygiene. Werner Zabel made plans for Hitler's diet and tried to interfere with Hitler's medical treatment. Finally, Hellmuth Unger was an influential representative of the medical press and a famous writer. Three of his novels with medical topics were made into a film which Hitler probably saw. Hitler had, so to say, a small "ophthalmological proximity" which, however, did not play a significant role for himself or the NS-state. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Entanglement of two qubits coupled to an XY spin chain: Role of energy current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ben-Qiong; Shao, Bin; Zou, Jian

2009-12-01

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system which interacts with a Heisenberg XY spin chain constrained to carry an energy current. We show an explicit connection between the decoherence factor and entanglement, and numerically and analytically study the dynamical process of entanglement in both weak- and strong-coupling cases for two initial states, the general pure state and the mixed Werner state. We provide results that the entanglement evolution depends not only on the energy current, the anisotropy parameter and the system-environment couplings but also on the size of degrees of freedom of environment. In particular, our results imply that entanglement will be strongly suppressed by the introduction of energy current on the environmental spin chain in the weak-coupling region while it is not sensitive to the energy current in the strong-coupling region. We also observe the sudden death of entanglement in the system and show how the energy current affects the phenomenon.

Plato's Ideas and the Theories of Modern Particle Physics: Amazing Parallels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Machleidt, Ruprecht

2006-05-01

It is generally known that the question, ``What are the most elementary particles that all matter is made from?'', was already posed in the antiquity. The Greek natural philosophers Leucippus and Democritus were the first to suggest that all matter was made from atoms. Therefore, most people perceive them as the ancient fathers of elementary particle physics. However, this perception is wrong. Modern particle physics is not just a simple atomism. The characteristic point of modern particle theory is that it is concerned with the symmetries underlying the particles we discover in experiment. More than 2000 years ago, a similar idea was already advanced by the Greek philosopher Plato in his dialogue Timaeus: Geometric symmetries generate the atoms from just a few even more elementary items. Plato's vision is amazingly close to the ideas of modern particle theory. This fact, which is unfortunately little known, has been pointed out repeatedly by Werner Heisenberg.

Thyroid ocular myopathy.

PubMed Central

Hodes, B L; Shoch, D E

1979-01-01

Based upon the ultrasonographic evidence of extraocular muscle abnormalities in all patients with orbitopathy and proven thyroid disease, we conclude that the basic abnormality of thyroid orbitopathy is a panmyositis and that all of the classes described by Werner are expressions of different degrees and manifestations of the same pathologic process. This thesis is supported by presentation of cases of varying severity who have in common extraocular muscle abnormalities. We believe that the process we describe acceptably explains all of the eye signs of this common orbitopathy. Images FIGURE 1 A FIGURE 1 B FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 A FIGURE 3 B FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 A FIGURE 5 B FIGURE 6 A FIGURE 6 B FIGURE 7 FIGURE 8 A FIGURE 8 B FIGURE 9 A FIGURE 9 B FIGURE 10 FIGURE 11 A FIGURE 11 B FIGURE 12 A FIGURE 12 B FIGURE 13 A FIGURE 13 B PMID:583536

High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the US Atlantic continental margin.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Behrendt, John C.; Klitgord, Kim D.

1980-01-01

The US Geological Survey contracted a high-sensitivity, digital aeromagnetic survey that was flown over the US Atlantic continental margin over a period of 15 months between 1974 and 1976. The 185 000 km of profile data have a relative accuracy approaching a few tenths of a nanotesla, which allowed compilation into maps at a scale of 1:250 000, with a contour interval of 2 nT. Automatic data processing using the Werner method allowed calculations of apparent depth to sources of the magnetic anomalies on all of the profiles, assuming a dike or interface as a source. Comparison of the computed depths to magnetic basement with multichannel seismic profiles across the survey area helped to reduce ambiguities in magnetic depth estimates and enabled interpolation of basement structures between seismic profiles. The resulting map showing depth to basement of the Atlantic continental margin is compatible with available multichannel seismic data, and we consider it a reasonable representation of the base of the sedimentary column. -Authors

Communication: Rotational excitation of HCl by H: Rigid rotor vs. reactive approaches

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lique, François, E-mail: francois.lique@univ-lehavre.fr

2015-06-28

We report fully quantum time-independent calculations of cross sections for the collisional excitation of HCl by H, an astrophysically relevant process. Our calculations are based on the Bian-Werner ClH{sub 2} potential energy surface and include the possibility of HCl destruction through reactive collisions. The strongest collision-induced rotational HCl transitions are those with Δj = 1, and the magnitude of the HCl-H inelastic cross sections is of the same order of magnitude as the HCl-H{sub 2} ones. Results of exact calculations, i.e., including the reactive channels, are compared to pure inelastic calculations based on the rigid rotor approximation. A very goodmore » agreement is found between the two approaches over the whole energy range 10–3000 cm{sup −1}. At the highest collisional energies, where the reaction takes place, the rigid rotor approach slightly overestimates the cross sections, as expected. Hence, the rigid rotor approach is found to be reliable at interstellar temperatures.« less

American cinema and the construction of masculinity in film in the Federal Republic after 1945.

PubMed

Leal, Joanne

2012-01-01

Since 1945, film in the Federal Republic has maintained an ambivalent relationship to American cinema and its embedded ideologies and nowhere is this more evident than in (West) German film's representations of masculinity. This article focuses on three historical moments when political and social shifts resulted in a problematising of male identities in the Federal Republic: the mid-1950s, the early 1970s and the late 1990s. Cinema responded to a perceived destabilisation of gender norms by exploring constructions of German masculinity in relation to the ambivalently received models of male identity offered by American cinema. With a detailed analysis of three specific examples – Georg Tressler's Die Halbstarken (1956), Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Der amerikanische Soldat (1970) and Fatih Akin's Kurz und schmerzlos (1998) – this article investigates the manner in which German cinema engages with these competing conceptions of masculinity and demonstrates the ways in which divergent understandings of gender identity can impact on representations of national and ethnic identity.

Temperature dependent transport characteristics of graphene/n-Si diodes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parui, S.; Ruiter, R.; Zomer, P. J.

2014-12-28

Realizing an optimal Schottky interface of graphene on Si is challenging, as the electrical transport strongly depends on the graphene quality and the fabrication processes. Such interfaces are of increasing research interest for integration in diverse electronic devices as they are thermally and chemically stable in all environments, unlike standard metal/semiconductor interfaces. We fabricate such interfaces with n-type Si at ambient conditions and find their electrical characteristics to be highly rectifying, with minimal reverse leakage current (<10{sup −10} A) and rectification of more than 10{sup 6}. We extract Schottky barrier height of 0.69 eV for the exfoliated graphene and 0.83 eV for themore » CVD graphene devices at room temperature. The temperature dependent electrical characteristics suggest the influence of inhomogeneities at the graphene/n-Si interface. A quantitative analysis of the inhomogeneity in Schottky barrier heights is presented using the potential fluctuation model proposed by Werner and Güttler.« less

[Weizsäcker's cosmogony, Farm Hall and the origin of modern turbulence theory].

PubMed

Eckert, Michael

2014-01-01

The modem statistical theory of turbulence was originated by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903-1987), Lars Onsager (1903-1976), Ludwig Prandtl (1875-1953), Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) und Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912-2007). With the exception of Kolmogorovs theory which was published in 1941 but became widely known only after the war, these contributions emerged largely independently from another in a "remarkable series of coincidences" (Batchelor 1946). Heisenberg and Weizäscker developed their theories during their detention at Farm Hall. Their work was motivated by von Weizsäcker's interest in astrophysics. Weizsäcker aimed at an understanding of the role of turbulence for the motion of interstellar matter for his theory about the origin of the planetary system which he had published in 1943. Weizsäcker's work on cosmogony and turbulence illustrates an early interaction between the disciplines of astronomy and fluid mechanics that became characteristic for astrophysics in the second half of the twentieth century.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: The Auriga-California molecular cloud (Broekhoven-Fiene+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broekhoven-Fiene, H.; Matthews, B. C.; Harvey, P. M.; Gutermuth, R. A.; Huard, T. L.; Tothill, N. F. H.; Nutter, D.; Bourke, T. L.; Difrancesco, J.; Jorgensen, J. K.; Allen, L. E.; Chapman, N. L.; Cieza, L. A.; Dunham, M. M.; Merin, B.; Miller, J. F.; Terebey, S.; Peterson, D. E.; Stapelfeldt, K. R.

2017-06-01

We have mapped a significant fraction of the AMC with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC; Fazio et al. 2004ApJS..154...10F) and the Mid-Infrared Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS; Rieke et al. 2004ApJS..154...25R) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope (Werner et al. 2004ApJS..154....1W), with a total overlapping coverage of 2.5 deg2 in the four IRAC bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 um) and 10.47 deg2 in the three MIPS bands (24, 70, and 160 um). The mapped areas are not all contiguous and were chosen to include the areas with AV>3, as given by the Dobashi et al. (2005PASJ...57....1S) extinction maps. The goal of these observations is to identify and characterize the young stellar object (YSO) and substellar object populations. The data presented here are the first mid-IR census of the YSO population in this region. (4 data files).

European Stroke Science Workshop

PubMed Central

Mattle, Heinrich P.; Brainin, Michael; Chamorro, Angel; Diener, Hans Christoph; Hacke, Werner; Leys, Didier; Norrving, Bo; Ward, Nick

2012-01-01

The European Stroke Organisation (ESO) held its first European Stroke Science Workshop in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (15-17 December 2011). Stroke experts based in Europe were invited to present and discuss their current research. The scope of the workshop was to review the most recent findings of selected topics in stroke, to exchange ideas, to stimulate new research and to enhance collaboration between European stroke research groups. Seven scientific sessions were held, each starting with a keynote lecture to review the state of the art of the given topic, followed by 4 or 5 short presentations by experts. They were asked to limit their presentations to 10 slides containing only recent information. The meeting was organized by the executive committee of the ESO (Heinrich Mattle, chairman, Michael Brainin, Angel Chamorro, Werner Hacke, Didier Leys) and supported by the European Stroke Conference (Michael Hennerici). In this article we summarize the main contents of this successful workshop. PMID:22836350

Nonenzymatic Role for WRN in Preserving Nascent DNA Strands after Replication Stress

DOE PAGES

Su, Fengtao; Mukherjee, Shibani; Yang, Yanyong; ...

2014-11-20

WRN, the protein defective in Werner syndrome (WS), is a multifunctional nuclease involved in DNA damage repair, replication, and genome stability maintenance. It was assumed that the nuclease activities of WRN were critical for these functions. Here, we report a nonenzymatic role for WRN in preserving nascent DNA strands following replication stress. We found that lack of WRN led to shortening of nascent DNA strands after replication stress. Furthermore, we discovered that the exonuclease activity of MRE11 was responsible for the shortening of newly replicated DNA in the absence of WRN. Mechanistically, the N-terminal FHA domain of NBS1 recruits WRNmore » to replication-associated DNA double-stranded breaks to stabilize Rad51 and to limit the nuclease activity of its C-terminal binding partner MRE11. Thus, this previously unrecognized nonenzymatic function of WRN in the stabilization of nascent DNA strands sheds light on the molecular reason for the origin of genome instability in WS individuals.« less

The effects of safer-sex stories on college students' attitudes toward condoms.

PubMed

Wright, S S; Kyes, K B

1996-01-01

Social learning theory predicts that reading non-erotic stories involving condom use will be as effective as reading erotic stories with condom use in producing positive attitudes toward condoms. Werner's orthogenetic principle, however, predicts that reading erotic condom stories will be most effective because of the link created between sexual arousal and cognitive information about condoms. 168 male and 149 female undergraduates enrolled in Introductory Psychology at a small, private, southern university participated in a study to test the validity of these two theories. The students read one of the following types of stories: erotic with condom placement described, erotic without condom use, or non-erotic with a model for discussing condoms. The men and women who read the non-erotic stories were most positive about condoms and reported the strongest intentions to use condoms in the future. These findings suggest that erotica is not necessary to produce positive attitudes toward condoms.

Plato's TIMAIOσ (TIMAEUS) and Modern Particle Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Machleidt, Ruprecht

2005-04-01

It is generally known that the question, ``What are the smallest particles (elementary particles) that all matter is made from?'', was posed already in the antiquity. The Greek natural philosophers Leucippus and Democritus were the first to suggest that all matter was made from atoms. Therefore, most people perceive them as the ancient fathers of elementary particle physics. It will be the purpose of my contribution to point out that this perception is wrong. Modern particle physics is not just a primitive atomism. More important than the materialistic particles are the underlying symmetries (e. g., SU(3) and SU(6)). A similar idea was first advanced by Plato in his dialog TIMAIOσ (Latin translation: TIMAEUS): Geometric symmetries generate the materialistic particles from a few even more elementary items. Plato's vision is amazingly close to the ideas of modern particle physics. This fact, which is unfortunately little known, has been pointed out repeatedly by Heisenberg (see, e. g., Werner Heisenberg, Across the Frontiers, Harper & Row, New York, 1974).

Flawed Nuclear Physics and Atomic Intelligence in the Campaign to deny Norwegian Heavy Water to Germany, 1942-1944

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Børresen, Hans Christofer

2012-12-01

The military campaign to deny Norwegian heavy water to Germany in World War II did not diminish as the threat posed by heavy water in German hands dwindled, mainly because of excessive security among the Allies. Signs that Albert Speer (1905-1981) had decided in 1942 to stop the German atomic-bomb project were kept secret and ignored. Prominent Allied advisers like Leif Tronstad (1903-1945) and even Niels Bohr (1885-1962) were not told about the plutonium path to a German atomic bomb. Physicists did not brief advisers, decision makers, and Allied officers on how many years Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) would need to accumulate enough heavy water (deuterium oxide, D2O) for an Uranmachine and then to extract and process plutonium for an atomic bomb. Had the flow of information been better, the military raids on the Norwegian heavy-water plant at Vemork could have been timed better, and the more costly of them could have been averted altogether.

Efficient implementation of the continuous-time hybridization expansion quantum impurity solver

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hafermann, Hartmut; Werner, Philipp; Gull, Emanuel

2013-04-01

-magnetic host metal. They are widely used today. In nanoscience they serve as representations of quantum dots and molecular conductors. In condensed matter physics, they are playing an increasingly important role in the description of strongly correlated electron materials, where the complicated many-body problem is mapped onto an auxiliary quantum impurity model in the context of dynamical mean-field theory, and its cluster and diagrammatic extensions. They still constitutes a non-trivial many-body problem, which takes into account the (possibly retarded) interaction between electrons occupying the impurity site. Electrons are allowed to dynamically hop on and off the impurity site, which is described by a time-dependent hybridization function. Solution method: The quantum impurity model is solved using a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm which is based on a perturbation expansion of the partition function in the impurity-bath hybridization. Monte Carlo configurations are represented as segments on the imaginary time interval and individual terms correspond to Feynman diagrams which are stochastically sampled to all orders using a Metropolis algorithm. For a detailed review on the method, we refer the reader to [8]. Running time: 1-8 h. B. Bauer, L. D. Carr, H. G. Evertz, A. Feiguin, J. Freire, S. Fuchs, L. Gamper, J. Gukelberger, E. Gull, S. Guertler, A. Hehn, R. Igarashi, S. V. Isakov, D. Koop, P. N. Ma, P. Mates, H. Matsuo, O. Parcollet, G. Pawlowski, J. D. Picon, L. Pollet, E. Santos, V. W. Scarola, U. Schollwöck, C. Silva, B. Surer, S. Todo, S. Trebst, M. Troyer, M. L. Wall, P. Werner and S. Wessel, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2011, P05001 (2011). F. Alet, P. Dayal, A. Grzesik, A. Honecker, M. Körner, A. Läuchli, S. R. Manmana, I. P. McCulloch, F. Michel, R. M. Noack, G. Schmid, U. Schollwöck, F. Stöckli, S. Todo, S. Trebst, M. Troyer, P. Werner, S. Wessel, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 74S (2005) 30. A. Albuquerque, F. Alet, P. Corboz

Reorientation Timescales and Pattern Dynamics for Titan's Dunes: Does the Tail Wag the Dog or the Dragon?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayes, A. G.; Ewing, R. C.; Cassini Radar Science Team, T.

2011-12-01

Fields of bedform patterns persist across many orders of magnitude, from cm-scale sub-aqueous current ripples to km-scale aeolian dunes, and form with surprisingly little difference in expression despite a range of formative environments. Because of the remarkable similarity between and among patterns, extracting information about climate and environment from these patterns is a challenge. For example, crest orientation is not diagnostic of a particular flow regime; similar patterns form under many different flow configurations. On Titan, these challenges have played out with many attempts to reconcile dune-field patterns with modeled and expected wind regimes. We propose that thinking about the change in dune orientation, rather than the orientation itself, can provide new insights on the long-term stability of the dune-field patterns and the formative wind regime. In this work, we apply the re-orientation model presented by Werner and Kocurek [Geology, 1997] to the equatorial dune fields of Titan. We measure variations in pattern parameters (crest spacing, crest length and defect density, which is the number of defect pairs per total crest length) both within and between Titan's dune fields to describe pattern maturity and identify areas where changes in dune orientation are likely to occur (or may already be occurring). Measured defect densities are similar to Earth's largest linear dune fields, such as the Namib Sand Sea and the Simpson Desert. We use measured defect densities in the Werner and Kocurek model to estimate crestline reorientation rates. We find reorientation timescales varying from ten to a hundred thousand times the average migration timescale (time to migrate a bedform one meter, ~1 Titan year according to Tokano (Aeolian Research, 2010)). Well organized patterns have the longest reorientation time scales (~10^5 migration timescales), while the topographically or spatially isolated patches of dunes show the shortest reorientation times (~10

Book Review: The end of time: the next revolution in our understanding of the universe. Julian Barbour, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London, 384 pp., 16.95, ISBN 0195145925

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, G. F. R.

In the early part of this century, physicists, led notably by Albert Einstein and the pioneers of quantum theory-in particular Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Paul Dirac-discovered that the underlying nature of physical reality is stranger than anyone had ever imagined. A series of brilliant insights led to the realisation, on the one hand, of the relative nature of space and time measurements, and hence of our basic concepts of space and time (ultimately leading to the discovery of nuclear energy), and on the other hand, of the quantum nature of matter, with its associated quantum statistics and uncertainty of prediction (leading to transistors and lasers). Combining these views ultimately led to a realisation of the necessity of the existence of anti-matter, and of the dynamic nature of the vacuum. Further developments led to an understanding of the existence of symmetries characterising the various families of elementary particles, and of the unified nature of the fundamental interactions when described as gauge theories with forces mediated by exchange of gauge bosons. These properties have all been confirmed by carefully controlled experiments.

The role of philosophy in the conceptual development of quantum physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diamond, Ethel

Making a distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification, I examine the relationship between philosophy and the discovery of quantum physics. I do this by focusing on four of the most important contributors to quantum theory: Albert Einstein, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrodinger and Niels Bohr. Looking to the period immediately preceding the era in which quantum physics was developed, I first explore the scientific writings of Hermann von Helmholtz, Ernst Mach, Heinrich Hertz and Ludwig Boltzmann. In doing so, I uncover the integral role classic philosophy played in the scientific investigations of nineteenth-century German and Austrian physicists. After establishing the cultural link between scientific writing and philosophic training at that time and place in history, I investigate the formative philosophic influences on Einstein, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and Bohr. By a close examination of some of their most important scientific papers, this dissertation reveals the way in which these early twentieth-century scientists continued an important nineteenth-century European tradition of integrating philosophic thought in their scientific creative thinking.

Study of quantum correlation swapping with relative entropy methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Chuanmei; Liu, Yimin; Chen, Jianlan; Zhang, Zhanjun

2016-02-01

To generate long-distance shared quantum correlations (QCs) for information processing in future quantum networks, recently we proposed the concept of QC repeater and its kernel technique named QC swapping. Besides, we extensively studied the QC swapping between two simple QC resources (i.e., a pair of Werner states) with four different methods to quantify QCs (Xie et al. in Quantum Inf Process 14:653-679, 2015). In this paper, we continue to treat the same issue by employing other three different methods associated with relative entropies, i.e., the MPSVW method (Modi et al. in Phys Rev Lett 104:080501, 2010), the Zhang method (arXiv:1011.4333 [quant-ph]) and the RS method (Rulli and Sarandy in Phys Rev A 84:042109, 2011). We first derive analytic expressions of all QCs which occur during the swapping process and then reveal their properties about monotonicity and threshold. Importantly, we find that a long-distance shared QC can be generated from two short-distance ones via QC swapping indeed. In addition, we simply compare our present results with our previous ones.

The joint measurement entanglement can significantly offset the effect of a noisy channel in teleportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roa, Luis; Ladrón de Guevara, María L.; Soto-Moscoso, Matias; Catalán, Pamela

2018-05-01

In our work we consider the following problem in the context of teleportation: an unknown pure state has to be teleported and there are two laboratories which can perform the task. One laboratory uses a pure non-maximally entangled channel but has a capability of performing the joint measurement on bases with a constrained degree of entanglement; the other lab makes use of a mixed X-state channel but can perform a joint measurement on bases with higher entanglement degrees. We compare the average teleportation fidelity achieved in both cases, finding that the fidelity achieved with the X-state can surpass the obtained with a pure channel, even though the X-state is less entangled than the latter. We find the conditions under which this effect occurs. Our results evidence that the entanglement of the joint measurement plays a role as important as the entanglement of the channel in order to optimize the teleportation process. We include an example showing that the average fidelity of teleportation obtained with a Werner state channel can be greater than that obtained with a Bell state channel.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: IRS spectra with features of crystalline silicates (Chen+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, R.; Luo, A.; Liu, J.; Jiang, B.

2018-04-01

Spectra taken by the IRS (Houck et al. 2004ApJS..154...18H) on the Spitzer space telescope (Werner et al. 2004ApJS..154....1W) are now publicly available. These spectra are produced using the bksub.tbl products from SL and LL modules of final SSC pipeline, version 18.18. From the IRS data archive, we found a collection of 16986 low-resolution spectra. The spectra are merged by four slits: SL2 (5.21-7.56 μm), SL1 (7.57-14.28 μm), LL2 (14.29-20.66 μm), and LL1 (20.67-38.00 μm). As crystalline silicates have no features in the SL2 band, we choose the spectra that include all the other three bands: SL1, LL2, and LL1 so that the object has a continuous spectrum from about 7.5-38 μm. In this way, five of the seven infrared complexes of crystalline silicates are covered, i.e., the 10, 18, 23, 28, and 33 μm complexes. (5 data files).

Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring of Soil Remediation for a Garbage Dump

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

shi, X.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Q.; Xu, Z.

2011-12-01

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was firstly used to investigate the distribution of contaminated soil in a garbage dump area, Wuhan city, China. The result shows that sulfated soil resistivity is about 4 to 7 ohm-m, which is relatively lower than normal soil resistivity of about 15 to 25 ohm-m. The distribution of contaminated soil was delineated using ERT images. Then, ERT survey was carried out in this area for monitoring of remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Werner measurements with 60 electrodes of 1 m spacing were taken during the 9-well oxygen injection and nutrition liquid injection period. The difference of apparent resistivity between before gas injection and after gas injection was used to delineate the channel of gas and the trace of gas migration in the porous garbage dump. The electrical resitivity changes between before and after nutrition liquid injection were used to analyze the liquid migration and distribution. The dynamic procedures of gas and water migration are outlined. The results suggest that ERT is a powerful technique for monitoring of soil remediation.

Effects of binary stellar populations on direct collapse black hole formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agarwal, Bhaskar; Cullen, Fergus; Khochfar, Sadegh; Klessen, Ralf S.; Glover, Simon C. O.; Johnson, Jarrett

2017-06-01

The critical Lyman-Werner (LW) flux required for direct collapse blackholes (DCBH) formation, or Jcrit, depends on the shape of the irradiating spectral energy distribution (SED). The SEDs employed thus far have been representative of realistic single stellar populations. We study the effect of binary stellar populations on the formation of DCBH, as a result of their contribution to the LW radiation field. Although binary populations with ages > 10 Myr yield a larger LW photon output, we find that the corresponding values of Jcrit can be up to 100 times higher than single stellar populations. We attribute this to the shape of the binary SEDs as they produce a sub-critical rate of H- photodetaching 0.76 eV photons as compared to single stellar populations, reaffirming the role that H- plays in DCBH formation. This further corroborates the idea that DCBH formation is better understood in terms of a critical region in the H2-H- photodestruction rate parameter space, rather than a single value of LW flux.

Jovian aurora from Juno perijove passes: comparison of ultraviolet and infrared images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gérard, J.-C.; Bonfond, B.; Adriani, A.; Gladstone, G. R.; Mura, A.; Grodent, D.; Versteeg, M. H.; Greathouse, T. K.; Hue, V.; Altieri, F.; Dinelli, B. M.; Moriconi, M. L.; Migliorini, A.; Radioti, A.; Bolton, S. J.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Levin, S. M.; Fabiano, F.

2017-09-01

The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Jovian aurora extends from the X-Rays presumably caused by heavy ion precipitation and electron bremsstrahlung to thermal infrared radiation resulting from enhanced heating by high-energy charged particles. Many observations have been made since the 1990s with the Hubble Space Telescope, which was able to image the H2 Lyman and Werner bands that are directly excited by collisions of auroral electrons with H2. Ground-based telescopes obtained spectra and images of the thermal H3+ emission produced by charge transfer between H2+ and H+ ions and neutral H2 molecules in the lower thermosphere. However, so far the geometry of the observations limited the coverage from Earth orbit and only one case of simultaneous UV and infrared emissions has been described in the literature. The Juno mission provides the unique advantage to observe both Jovian hemispheres simultaneously in the two wavelength regions simultaneously and offers a more global coverage with unprecedented spatial resolution. This was the case.

Supermassive population III supernovae and the birth of the first quasars

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Whalen, Daniel J.; Smidt, Joseph; Even, Wesley

2013-11-20

The existence of supermassive black holes as early as z ∼ 7 is one of the great, unsolved problems in cosmological structure formation. One leading theory argues that they are born during catastrophic baryon collapse in z ∼ 15 protogalaxies that form in strong Lyman-Werner UV backgrounds. Atomic line cooling in such galaxies fragments baryons into massive clumps that are thought to directly collapse to 10{sup 4}-10{sup 5} M {sub ☉} black holes. We have now discovered that some of these fragments can instead become supermassive stars that eventually explode as thermonuclear supernovae (SNe) with energies of ∼10{sup 55} erg,more » the most energetic explosions in the universe. We have calculated light curves and spectra for supermassive Pop III SNe with the Los Alamos RAGE and SPECTRUM codes. We find that they will be visible in near-infrared all-sky surveys by Euclid out to z ∼ 10-15 and by WFIRST and WISH out to z ∼ 15-20, perhaps revealing the birthplaces of the first quasars.« less

A Conversation with James J. Morgan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgan, James J.; Newman, Dianne K.

2015-05-01

In conversation with professor Dianne Newman, Caltech geobiologist, James "Jim" J. Morgan recalls his early days in Ireland and New York City, education in parochial and public schools, and introduction to science in Cardinal Hayes High School, Bronx. In 1950, Jim entered Manhattan College, where he elected study of civil engineering, in particular water quality. Donald O'Connor motivated Jim's future study of O2 in rivers at Michigan, where in his MS work he learned to model O2 dynamics of rivers. As an engineering instructor at Illinois, Jim worked on rivers polluted by synthetic detergents. He chose to focus on chemical studies, seeing it as crucial for the environment. Jim enrolled for PhD studies with Werner Stumm at Harvard, who mentored his research in chemistry of particle coagulation and oxidation processes of Mn(II) and (IV). In succeeding decades, until retirement in 2000, Jim's teaching and research centered on aquatic chemistry; major themes comprised rates of abiotic manganese oxidation on particle surfaces and flocculation of natural water particles, and chemical speciation proved the key.

Computationally Efficient Nonlinear Bell Inequalities for Quantum Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Ming-Xing

2018-04-01

The correlations in quantum networks have attracted strong interest with new types of violations of the locality. The standard Bell inequalities cannot characterize the multipartite correlations that are generated by multiple sources. The main problem is that no computationally efficient method is available for constructing useful Bell inequalities for general quantum networks. In this work, we show a significant improvement by presenting new, explicit Bell-type inequalities for general networks including cyclic networks. These nonlinear inequalities are related to the matching problem of an equivalent unweighted bipartite graph that allows constructing a polynomial-time algorithm. For the quantum resources consisting of bipartite entangled pure states and generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, we prove the generic nonmultilocality of quantum networks with multiple independent observers using new Bell inequalities. The violations are maximal with respect to the presented Tsirelson's bound for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states and GHZ states. Moreover, these violations hold for Werner states or some general noisy states. Our results suggest that the presented Bell inequalities can be used to characterize experimental quantum networks.

The 2015 Annual Meeting of SETAC German Language Branch in Zurich (7-10 September, 2015): Ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry-from research to application.

PubMed

Werner, Inge; Aldrich, Annette; Becker, Benjamin; Becker, Dennis; Brinkmann, Markus; Burkhardt, Michael; Caspers, Norbert; Campiche, Sophie; Chèvre, Nathalie; Düring, Rolf-Alexander; Escher, Beate I; Fischer, Fabian; Giebner, Sabrina; Heye, Katharina; Hollert, Henner; Junghans, Marion; Kienle, Cornelia; Knauer, Katja; Korkaric, Muris; Märkl, Veronika; Muncke, Jane; Oehlmann, Jörg; Reifferscheid, Georg; Rensch, Daniel; Schäffer, Andreas; Schiwy, Sabrina; Schwarz, Simon; Segner, Helmut; Simon, Eszter; Triebskorn, Rita; Vermeirssen, Etiënne L M; Wintgens, Thomas; Zennegg, Markus

2016-01-01

This report provides a brief review of the 20th annual meeting of the German Language Branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC GLB) held from September 7th to 10th 2015 at ETH (Swiss Technical University) in Zurich, Switzerland. The event was chaired by Inge Werner, Director of the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre) Eawag-EPFL, and organized by a team from Ecotox Centre, Eawag, Federal Office of the Environment, Federal Office of Agriculture, and Mesocosm GmbH (Germany). Over 200 delegates from academia, public agencies and private industry of Germany, Switzerland and Austria attended and discussed the current state of science and its application presented in 75 talks and 83 posters. In addition, three invited keynote speakers provided new insights into scientific knowledge 'brokering', and-as it was the International Year of Soil-the important role of healthy soil ecosystems. Awards were presented to young scientists for best oral and poster presentations, and for best 2014 master and doctoral theses. Program and abstracts of the meeting (mostly in German) are provided as Additional file 1.

Copenhagen Revisited: why the Germansdid not Achieve AN Atomic Bomb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lustig, Harry

2002-10-01

Michael Frayn's highly acclaimed play "Copenhagen", which reenacts the 1941 visit by Werner Heisenberg to Niels Bohr in Nazi-occupied Copenhagen, has now closed after a production in New York that won a Pulitzer Prize, and a successful tour of many cities in the US. Symposia in New York, Washington, Cambridge, Pasadena, and Raleigh have presented the science - quantum mechanics and nuclear physics - that undergirds the play, have debated its historical accuracy, and have celebrated its theatrical realization. The play, the symposia, and recently released documents have led to a new and heightened debate about old questions, among them why Heisenberg visited Bohr, what went on during their uncongenial meeting, and why the Germans did not succeed in building an atomic bomb. This in turn has resulted in a plethora of sometimes polemical articles in journals and magazines, that try to answer the questions. In this talk I will review some of the evidence, in particular about the German failure to make a bomb. While I will concentrate on the physics, the "political" factors will also be adumbrated.

Heisenberg's observability principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolff, Johanna

2014-02-01

Werner Heisenberg's 1925 paper 'Quantum-theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations' marks the beginning of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg famously claims that the paper is based on the idea that the new quantum mechanics should be 'founded exclusively upon relationships between quantities which in principle are observable'. My paper is an attempt to understand this observability principle, and to see whether its employment is philosophically defensible. Against interpretations of 'observability' along empiricist or positivist lines I argue that such readings are philosophically unsatisfying. Moreover, a careful comparison of Heisenberg's reinterpretation of classical kinematics with Einstein's argument against absolute simultaneity reveals that the positivist reading does not fit with Heisenberg's strategy in the paper. Instead the appeal to observability should be understood as a specific criticism of the causal inefficacy of orbital electron motion in Bohr's atomic model. I conclude that the tacit philosophical principle behind Heisenberg's argument is not a positivistic connection between observability and meaning, but the idea that a theory should not contain causally idle wheels.

Assembly of the first disk galaxies under radiative feedback from the first stars.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pawlik, A. H.; Bromm, V.; Milosavljević, M.

The first galaxies are thought to have reionized the universe in the first billion year after the Big Bang. However, the properties of these galaxies are currently poorly understood. Here we investigate how Lyman-Werner dissociating and ionizing radiation from the first stars affects the assembly of the first galaxies in zoomed cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. We focus on a galaxy assembling inside a halo that reaches a mass of s-1m 109 M⊙ at z = 10. Photodissociation and photoionization impede gas accretion and suppress star formation in the minihalo progenitor, thus exerting a strong negative feedback on the initial phase of galaxy assembly. The radiative feedback also leads to a significant reduction in the central dark matter densities of the minihalo. The properties of the galaxy become insensitive to the inclusion of radiation once the minihalo turns into an atomic cooler. The formation of a rotationally supported extended disk inside the atomically cooling galaxy is therefore a robust outcome of our simulations. Dwarf galaxies such as simulated here will be probed in observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.

Georgius Agricola's contributions to hydrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barton, Isabel F.

2015-04-01

Georgius Agricola's 1546 book De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum (On the Source and Causes of What is Underground) was the first European work since antiquity to focus on hydrology and helped to shape the thought of Nicolaus Steno, Pierre Perrault, A.G. Werner, and other important figures in the history of hydrology and geology. De Ortu contains the first known expressions of numerous concepts important in modern hydrology: erosion as an active process, groundwater movement through pores and fissures, hydrofracturing, water-rock reaction, and others. The concepts of groundwater origins, movement, and nature in De Ortu were also the foundation for the theories of ore deposit formation for which Agricola is better known. In spite of their importance, most of Agricola's contributions to the study of groundwater are unrecognized today because De Ortu, alone of his major works, has never been translated out of Latin and no existing vernacular summary of it is longer than two pages. This article presents the first detailed description of Agricola's work on hydrology and discusses the derivation and impact of his ideas.

Off the Beat. An Appreciation of Werner Heisenberg and Some Talk About How Physics Was in the Good Old Days

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Dietrick E.

1976-01-01

Presented is an insight into man's idea about physics and being a physicist in the days when Heisenberg, P. A. M. Dirac, Louis de Broglic and other famous physicists were young men. Heisenberg is compared to Newton, inventing new math as he needed it. Emphasis is placed on the fact that he was not a Nazi sympathizer. (EB)

WHERE MULTIFUNCTIONAL DNA REPAIR PROTEINS MEET: MAPPING THE INTERACTION DOMAINS BETWEEN XPG AND WRN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rangaraj, K.; Cooper, P.K.; Trego, K.S.

The rapid recognition and repair of DNA damage is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity and cellular survival. Multiple complex and interconnected DNA damage responses exist within cells to preserve the human genome, and these repair pathways are carried out by a specifi c interplay of protein-protein interactions. Thus a failure in the coordination of these processes, perhaps brought about by a breakdown in any one multifunctional repair protein, can lead to genomic instability, developmental and immunological abnormalities, cancer and premature aging. This study demonstrates a novel interaction between two such repair proteins, Xeroderma pigmentosum group G protein (XPG)more » and Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), that are both highly pleiotropic and associated with inherited genetic disorders when mutated. XPG is a structure-specifi c endonuclease required for the repair of UV-damaged DNA by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mutations in XPG result in the diseases Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS). A loss of XPG incision activity results in XP, whereas a loss of non-enzymatic function(s) of XPG causes CS. WRN is a multifunctional protein involved in double-strand break repair (DSBR), and consists of 3’–5’ DNA-dependent helicase, 3’–5’ exonuclease, and single-strand DNA annealing activities. Nonfunctional WRN protein leads to Werner syndrome, a premature aging disorder with increased cancer incidence. Far Western analysis was used to map the interacting domains between XPG and WRN by denaturing gel electrophoresis, which separated purifi ed full length and recombinant XPG and WRN deletion constructs, based primarily upon the length of each polypeptide. Specifi c interacting domains were visualized when probed with the secondary protein of interest which was then detected by traditional Western analysis using the antibody of the secondary protein. The interaction between XPG and WRN was mapped to the C

Photovoltaic reciprocity and quasi-Fermi level splitting in nanostructure-based solar cells (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aeberhard, Urs

2017-04-01

The photovoltaic reciprocity theory relates the electroluminescence spectrum of a solar cell under applied bias to the external photovoltaic quantum efficiency of the device as measured at short circuit conditions [1]. So far, the theory has been verified for a wide range of devices and material systems and forms the basis of a growing number of luminesecence imaging techniques used in the characterization of photovoltaic materials, cells and modules [2-5]. However, there are also some examples where the theory fails, such as in the case of amorphous silicon. In our contribution, we critically assess the assumptions made in the derivation of the theory and compare its predictions with rigorous formal relations as well as numerical computations in the framework of a comprehensive quantum-kinetic theory of photovoltaics [6] as applied to ultra-thin absorber architectures [7]. One of the main applications of the photovoltaic reciprocity relation is the determination of quasi-Fermi level splittings (QFLS) in solar cells from the measurement of luminescence. In nanostructure-based photovoltaic architectures, the determination of QFLS is challenging, but instrumental to assess the performance potential of the concepts. Here, we use our quasi-Fermi level-free theory to investigate existence and size of QFLS in quantum well and quantum dot solar cells. [1] Uwe Rau. Reciprocity relation between photovoltaic quantum efficiency and electrolumines- cent emission of solar cells. Phys. Rev. B, 76(8):085303, 2007. [2] Thomas Kirchartz and Uwe Rau. Electroluminescence analysis of high efficiency cu(in,ga)se2 solar cells. J. Appl. Phys., 102(10), 2007. [3] Thomas Kirchartz, Uwe Rau, Martin Hermle, Andreas W. Bett, Anke Helbig, and Jrgen H. Werner. Internal voltages in GaInP-GaInAs-Ge multijunction solar cells determined by electro- luminescence measurements. Appl. Phys. Lett., 92(12), 2008. [4] Thomas Kirchartz, Anke Helbig, Wilfried Reetz, Michael Reuter, Jürgen H. Werner, and

Do Periodic Plate Reorganisations Control Late-stage Volcanism across a Broad Galápagos Hotspot?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Connor, J. M.; Hoernle, K.; Wijbrans, J. R.; Werner, R.; Hauff, S. F.; Stoffers, P.

2010-12-01

ápagos spreading centre. [1] Werner, D.R. et al., 1999. A drowned 14-m.y.-old Galápagos Archipelago off the coast of Costa Rica: implications for tectonic and evolutionary models. Geology 27. [2] Werner, D.R. et al., 2003. Geodynamic evolution of the Galápagos hot spot system (Central East Pacific) over the past 20 m.y. Constraints from morphology, geochemistry, and magnetic anomalies. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 4, 1108. [3] O’Connor et al., 2007. Migration of widespread long-lived volcanism across the Galápagos Volcanic Province: Evidence for a broad hotspot melting anomaly? Earth Planet. Sci. Letts. 263.

Arctic Temperature Variability over the last Millennium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Divine, Dmitry V.; Werner, Johannes P.

2017-04-01

This study presents two new climate field reconstructions (CFR) of Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) variability over the last 1000 years. The CFR is based on collection of 60 temperature sensitive proxies north of 60 N mainly from the recently updated Pages2K v 2.0.0 global multiproxy database (Pages2K, 2017) of the Common Era supplemented with some new records not yet included in the Pages 2K archive. Using two subsets of annually dated proxy records sensitive to summer temperatures and those representative of both summer and annual mean SAT, we generated seasonal (summer) and annual SAT CFR for the study region. This study provides a substantial extension to the previous Artic CFR reconstruction by Tingley& Huybers (2013) in terms of both the input proxy data density and duration back in time as well as improved reconstruction technique applied. As a major innovation we used a recently developed extension to the BARCAST method of Tingley&Huybers (2010), BARCAST+AMS (Werner&Tingley, 2015) that provides a means to treat climate archives with dating uncertainties via probabilistic constraining the age-depth models of time-uncertain climate proxies within the hierarchical Bayesian framework. Preliminary analysis of the new reconstructions confirms the recent warming to interrupt the millennial scale general cooling trend. The rate of contemporary circum- Arctic warming of 0.04(0.01) C year-1 since AD 1961 is unprecedented on the time scale of at least past 1000 years. Since AD 1990 the circum-Arctic SAT persistently exceeds the two historical warm extremes of AD 1014-1017 and 1028-1033 associated with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). A previous well-recorded early 20th century Arctic warming is manifested as event with a magnitude and duration comparable to a number of other anomalies detected in past centuries including the MCA. The new reconstructions provide a prospective framework for further analysis of seasonal regional past climate variability on the

From Rational Numbers to Dirac's Bra and Ket: Symbolic Representation of Physical Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Agostino, Salvo

2002-05-01

Beginning at least in the nineteenth century, symbols used by physicists in their equations interacted with their physical concepts. In the 1850s, Wilhelm Eduard Weber introduced a more rational order into symbolization by adopting an absolute system of units, and thus expressing electrodynamic laws in the form of algebraic equations instead of proportionality relationships, the formerly accepted representation of physical laws. In the 1860s, James Clerk Maxwell made a further advance by using dimensional quantities, and more complex symbolic forms such as gradient, convergence, rotor, and the like, in his electromagnetic and kinetic theories. In the twentieth century, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Erwin Schrödinger, and others introduced new symbols for complex numbers, operators, and matrices, thus passing from the representation of metrical properties of physical systems to higher-level mathematical objects. This process was enhanced in modern theoretical physics through the introduction of matrices, creation and destruction operators, Paul A. M. Dirac's q and c numbers, and so on. In the 1930s, Dirac radicalized this transformation of symbols, being aware of the profound modification in the method and scope of the mathematical-physical relationship it entailed.

Karl Popper's Quantum Ghost

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shields, William

2004-05-01

Karl Popper, though not trained as a physicist and embarrassed early in his career by a physics error pointed out by Einstein and Bohr, ultimately made substantial contributions to the interpretation of quantum mechanics. As was often the case, Popper initially formulated his position by criticizing the views of others - in this case Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. Underlying Popper's criticism was his belief that, first, the "standard interpretation" of quantum mechanics, sometimes called the Copenhagen interpretation, abandoned scientific realism and second, the assertion that quantum theory was "complete" (an assertion rejected by Einstein among others) amounted to an unfalsifiable claim. Popper insisted that the most basic predictions of quantum mechanics should continue to be tested, with an eye towards falsification rather than mere adding of decimal places to confirmatory experiments. His persistent attacks on the Copenhagen interpretation were aimed not at the uncertainty principle itself and the formalism from which it was derived, but at the acceptance by physicists of an unclear epistemology and ontology that left critical questions unanswered. In 1999, physicists at the University of Maryland conducted a version of Popper's Experiment, re-igniting the debate over quantum predictions and the role of locality in physics.

Bloom’s Syndrome: Why Not Premature Aging? A comparison of the BLM and WRN helicases

PubMed Central

de Renty, Christelle; Ellis, Nathan A.

2016-01-01

Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and aging. Premature aging (progeroid) syndromes are often caused by mutations in genes whose function is to ensure genomic integrity. The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved and plays crucial roles as genome caretakers. In human, mutations in three RecQ genes — BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 — give rise to Bloom’s syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS), and Rothmund-Thomson’s syndrome (RTS), respectively. WS is a prototypic premature aging disorder; however, the clinical features present in BS and RTS do not indicate accelerated aging. The BLM helicase has pivotal functions at the crossroads of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. BS cells exhibit a characteristic form of genomic instability that includes excessive recombination. The excessive homologous recombination drives the development of the many types of cancers that affect persons in the normal population. Replication delay and slower cell turnover rates have been proposed to explain many features of Bloom’s syndrome, such as short stature. More recently, aberrant transcriptional regulation of growth and survival genes has been proposed as a hypothesis. PMID:27238185

Outreach Plans for Storm Peak Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallar, A. G.; McCubbin, I. B.

2006-12-01

The Desert Research Institute (DRI) operates a high elevation facility, Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL), located on the west summit of Mt. Werner in the Park Range near Steamboat Springs, Colorado at an elevation 10,500 ft. SPL provides an ideal location for long-term research on the interactions of atmospheric aerosol and gas- phase chemistry with cloud and natural radiation environments. SPL includes an office-type laboratory room for computer and instrumentation setup with outside air ports and cable access to the roof deck, a full kitchen and two bunk rooms with sleeping space for nine persons. We plan to create a unique summer undergraduate education experiences for students of diversity at Storm Peak Laboratory. As stressed by the College Pathways to Science Education Standards [Siebert and McIntosh, 2001], to support changes in K-12 science education transformations must first be made at the college level, including inquiry-oriented opportunities to engage in meaningful research. These workshops will be designed to allow students to experience the excitement of science, increasing their likelihood of pursing careers within the fields of scientific education or research.

Asymmetry and coherence weight of quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bu, Kaifeng; Anand, Namit; Singh, Uttam

2018-03-01

The asymmetry of quantum states is an important resource in quantum information processing tasks such as quantum metrology and quantum communication. In this paper, we introduce the notion of asymmetry weight—an operationally motivated asymmetry quantifier in the resource theory of asymmetry. We study the convexity and monotonicity properties of asymmetry weight and focus on its interplay with the corresponding semidefinite programming (SDP) forms along with its connection to other asymmetry measures. Since the SDP form of asymmetry weight is closely related to asymmetry witnesses, we find that the asymmetry weight can be regarded as a (state-dependent) asymmetry witness. Moreover, some specific entanglement witnesses can be viewed as a special case of an asymmetry witness—which indicates a potential connection between asymmetry and entanglement. We also provide an operationally meaningful coherence measure, which we term coherence weight, and investigate its relationship to other coherence measures like the robustness of coherence and the l1 norm of coherence. In particular, we show that for Werner states in any dimension d all three coherence quantifiers, namely, the coherence weight, the robustness of coherence, and the l1 norm of coherence, are equal and are given by a single letter formula.

Far-Ultraviolet Temperature Diagnostics for Hot Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonneborn, G.; Ipin, R. C.; Herald, J.

2007-01-01

The effective temperature of hot central stars of planetary nebulae is usually determined from the ratios of optical He II lines. However, far-ultraviolet spectra from the FUSE satellite of several hot (T(sub eff) > 70,000 K) hydrogen-rich central stars have stellar features that imply a significantly hotter effective temperature than that determined from He II. There are many stellar features in the long wavelength portion of the FUSE spectrum. These include O VI 1146-47, F VI 1039.5, FeVII 1118.6, 1141.4, FeVI 1120.9, 1131.5, and NiVI 1124.2, 1148.2. The strong FVI 1139.5 line is of interest because of the large overabundance (over 100X solar) of F in some PG1159 stars reported recently by Werner et al. (2005). Modeling these spectral features may provide an method for measuring the effective temperature of these stars independent of the He II lines. An example of HD 200516, the central star of NGC 7009 (T(sub eff)= 82000 K from He II vs 95000 K from Far-W metal lines) is presented.

Dreams of a quantum pioneer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segré, Gino

2009-09-01

Born in 1900, Wolfgang Pauli's debut as a physicist came in 1921 with the publication of a review paper on relativity so thorough and incisive that Einstein wrote of it "No-one studying this mature, grandly conceived work would believe the author is a man of twenty-one". Three years later, Pauli formulated the exclusion principle that bears his name, and that forms the basis of atomic and molecular structure; this work earned him the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1930 he introduced the concept of the neutrino, which is central to modern elementary particle physics. By then, he had already become the key arbiter in the year-long discussions held in Copenhagen between Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr that had led to the modern formulation of quantum mechanics. He was also the holder of a prestigious professorship in Zurich, Switzerland, where young physicists from around the world - including Felix Bloch, Max Delbruck, Lev Landau, J Robert Oppenheimer, Rudolf Peierls and Victor Weisskopf - were flocking to work with him. Hence, by the age of just 30, Pauli had already established himself as one of the 20th century's great physicists.

Bell nonlocality and fully entangled fraction measured in an entanglement-swapping device without quantum state tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartkiewicz, Karol; Lemr, Karel; Černoch, Antonín; Miranowicz, Adam

2017-03-01

We propose and experimentally implement an efficient procedure based on entanglement swapping to determine the Bell nonlocality measure of Horodecki et al. [Phys. Lett. A 200, 340 (1995), 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00214-N] and the fully entangled fraction of Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. A 54, 3824 (1996), 10.1103/PhysRevA.54.3824] of an arbitrary two-qubit polarization-encoded state. The nonlocality measure corresponds to the amount of the violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) optimized over all measurement settings. By using simultaneously two copies of a given state, we measure directly only six parameters. This is an experimental determination of these quantities without quantum state tomography or continuous monitoring of all measurement bases in the usual CHSH inequality tests. We analyze how well the measured degrees of Bell nonlocality and other entanglement witnesses (including the fully entangled fraction and a nonlinear entropic witness) of an arbitrary two-qubit state can estimate its entanglement. In particular, we measure these witnesses and estimate the negativity of various two-qubit Werner states. Our approach could especially be useful for quantum communication protocols based on entanglement swapping.

A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elston, Wolfgang E.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.

1994-01-01

NEPTUNE or Pluto? Since the days of Hutton and Werner, every generation of economic geologists has addressed this question in a new light. Most papers in this special issue deal with the thin and leaky roof of Pluto's underworld. It allows hot emanations from Hades to leak out, only to be quenched and diluted by waters percolating down from Neptune's realm. The title of the special issue was taken from a symposium held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on April 24, 1991, during a joint meeting of the Rocky Mountain and South-Central Sections of the Geological Society of America. More than half of the present authors participated. Although no restrictions were placed on subject matter in the original call for papers, all of the articles in this special issue deal with mineralization related to continental or epicontinental siliceous volcanism. One of us (Elston) summarizes them in his contribution. More than three years have passed since the call for manuscripts was issued. Their preparation, technical editing, reviewing, revision, and copy editing turned out to be a formidable task. Our sincere thanks are due to authors, reviewers, and the staff of Economic Geology for their hard work, dedication, and patience.

Semiclassical gravitational effects on the gravitational lensing in the spacetime of topological defects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jusufi, Kimet; Rahaman, Farook; Banerjee, Ayan

2018-02-01

The theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic and fundamental properties of compact objects like black holes and wormholes. In this article, we utilize a recent formulation to compute the quantum effects on the deflection angle of a light ray, namely, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) to explore the semiclassical gravitational effects in the spacetime of a point-like global monopole and a cosmic string. Previously, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (Gibbons and Werner, 2008) was proposed as an alternative way to compute the deflection angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime. In the present article we have used the celebrated GBT that applied to the optical metric as well as the geodesic method in computing the deflection angle. Interestingly one can observe that we have found an exact result between GBT and the standard approach up to the third-order contributions terms by modifying the domain of integration for cosmic string and global monopole deflection angles. Finally we have considered the time delay in the cosmic string/global monopole spacetime and found that the delay in time is proportional to the linear mass density of the cosmic string and global monopole parameter, respectively.

Exploring the nature of the Lyman-α emitter CR7

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartwig, Tilman; Latif, Muhammad A.; Magg, Mattis; Bromm, Volker; Klessen, Ralf S.; Glover, Simon C. O.; Whalen, Daniel J.; Pellegrini, Eric W.; Volonteri, Marta

2016-10-01

CR7 is the brightest Lyman-α emitter observed at z > 6, which shows very strong Lyman-α and He II 1640 Å line luminosities, but no metal-line emission. Previous studies suggest that CR7 hosts either young primordial stars with a total stellar mass of ˜107 M⊙ or a black hole of ≳106 M⊙. Here, we explore different formation scenarios for CR7 with a semi-analytical model, based on the random sampling of dark matter merger trees. We are unable to reproduce the observational constraints with a primordial stellar source, given our model assumptions, due to the short stellar lifetimes and the early metal enrichment. Black holes that are the remnants of the first stars are either not massive enough, or reside in metal-polluted haloes, ruling out this possible explanation of CR7. Our models instead suggest that direct collapse black holes, which form in metal-free haloes exposed to large Lyman-Werner fluxes, are more likely the origin of CR7. However, this result is derived under optimistic assumptions and future observations are necessary to further constrain the nature of CR7.

Great Physicists - The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cropper, William H.

2004-09-01

Here is a lively history of modern physics, as seen through the lives of thirty men and women from the pantheon of physics. William H. Cropper vividly portrays the life and accomplishments of such giants as Galileo and Isaac Newton, Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, right up to contemporary figures such as Richard Feynman, Murray Gell-Mann, and Stephen Hawking. We meet scientists--all geniuses--who could be gregarious, aloof, unpretentious, friendly, dogged, imperious, generous to colleagues or contentious rivals. As Cropper captures their personalities, he also offers vivid portraits of their great moments of discovery, their bitter feuds, their relations with family and friends, their religious beliefs and education. In addition, Cropper has grouped these biographies by discipline--mechanics, thermodynamics, particle physics, and others--each section beginning with a historical overview. Thus in the section on quantum mechanics, readers can see how the work of Max Planck influenced Niels Bohr, and how Bohr in turn influenced Werner Heisenberg. Our understanding of the physical world has increased dramatically in the last four centuries. With Great Physicists , readers can retrace the footsteps of the men and women who led the way.

Bilayer graphene lattice-layer entanglement in the presence of non-Markovian phase noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bittencourt, Victor A. S. V.; Blasone, Massimo; Bernardini, Alex E.

2018-03-01

The evolution of single particle excitations of bilayer graphene under effects of non-Markovian noise is described with focus on the decoherence process of lattice-layer (LL) maximally entangled states. Once the noiseless dynamics of an arbitrary initial state is identified by the correspondence between the tight-binding Hamiltonian for the AB-stacked bilayer graphene and the Dirac equation—which includes pseudovectorlike and tensorlike field interactions—the noisy environment is described as random fluctuations on bias voltage and mass terms. The inclusion of noisy dynamics reproduces the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes: A non-Markovian noise model with a well-defined Markovian limit. Considering that an initial amount of entanglement shall be dissipated by the noise, two profiles of dissipation are identified. On one hand, for eigenstates of the noiseless Hamiltonian, deaths and revivals of entanglement are identified along the oscillation pattern for long interaction periods. On the other hand, for departing LL Werner and Cat states, the entanglement is suppressed although, for both cases, some identified memory effects compete with the pure noise-induced decoherence in order to preserve the the overall profile of a given initial state.

André Cournand, Bellevue's Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, and Research on Heart Failure.

PubMed

Braunwald, Eugene

2018-02-01

In 1954-1955, the author served as a research fellow in the cardiopulmonary laboratory led by André Cournand at Bellevue Hospital in New York. Cournand was a pulmonary physiologist and a professor of medicine at Columbia University. In his quest to obtain mixed venous blood to calculate pulmonary blood flow, he catheterized the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery in patients and also measured the pressures in these chambers. Cournand and his collaborators soon appreciated the enormous potential of cardiac catheterization in deepening the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology. After a series of groundbreaking studies, Cournand and his coworker Dickinson Richards, as well as German physician Werner Forssmann, were awarded a Nobel Prize in 1956. Cournand's laboratory, his work habits, and his rigorous approach to science are described, as well as the stimulation the author received during the author's fellowship. As a result, the author went on to extend to the left side of the heart the observations that the Cournand group had conducted in the right heart. Also, the author continued Cournand's work on heart failure by developing techniques to measure ventricular function in patients and to describe the neurohumoral changes that occur in human heart failure.

Time-dependent quantum wave packet calculation for nonadiabatic F(2P3/2,2P1/2)+H2 reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yan; Xie, Ting-Xian; Han, Ke-Li; Zhang, John Z. H.

2003-12-01

In this paper we present a time-dependent quantum wave packet calculation for the reaction of F(2P3/2,2P1/2)+H2 on the Alexander-Stark-Werner potential energy surface. The reaction probabilities and the integral cross sections for the reaction of F(2P3/2,2P1/2)+H2 (v=j=0) are computed using time-dependent quantum methods with the centrifugal sudden approximate. The results are compared with recent time-independent quantum calculations. The two-surface reaction probability for the initial ground spin-orbit state of J=0.5 is similar to the time-independent result obtained by Alexander et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 11084 (2000)]. Our calculation also shows that electronic coupling has a relatively minor effect on the reactivity from the 2P3/2 state but a non-negligible one from the 2P1/2 state. By comparison with exact time-independent calculations, it is found that the Coriolis coupling plays a relatively minor role. In addition, most of the reactivity of the excited state of fluorine atom results from the spin-orbit coupling.

The far-ultraviolet spectra and geometric albedos of Jupiter and Saturn

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, J. T.; Moos, H. W.; Feldman, P. D.

1982-01-01

Spectra and geometric albedoes in the range 1200 to 1940 A are compiled for Jupiter and Saturn on the basis of IUE observations. The spectra of both planets are dominated by H Lyman-alpha emission line at 1216 A, although absorption bands of C2H2 are apparent at longer wavelengths, particularly in the spectrum of Saturn, and the C I line at 1657 A is also observed. Geometric albedoes show emission features corresponding to the weak H2 Lyman and Werner bands around 1230-1280 A, auroral Lyman band emission, C I emission, and C2H2 absorption from 1600 to 1900 A. A model of atmospheric absorption in homogeneously mixed atmospheres of H2 and trace molecular absorbers is then presented and fit to the Jupiter albedo, resulting in a predicted atmosphere containing C2H2 and an unidentified molecular or particulate absorber. Finally, north-south maps of Jupiter continuum emission show limb darkening, and a comparison of equatorial and polar spectra indicates a polar increase in C2H2 absorption and weaker polar H2 emissions than previously reported.

The N-terminus of RPA large subunit and its spatial position are important for the 5′->3′ resection of DNA double-strand breaks

PubMed Central

Tammaro, Margaret; Liao, Shuren; McCane, Jill; Yan, Hong

2015-01-01

The first step of homology-dependent repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is the resection of the 5′ strand to generate 3′ ss-DNA. Of the two major nucleases responsible for resection, EXO1 has intrinsic 5′->3′ directionality, but DNA2 does not. DNA2 acts with RecQ helicases such as the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and the heterotrimeric eukaryotic ss-DNA binding protein RPA. We have found that the N-terminus of the RPA large subunit (RPA1N) interacts with both WRN and DNA2 and is essential for stimulating WRN's 3′->5′ helicase activity and DNA2's 5′->3′ ss-DNA exonuclease activity. A mutant RPA complex that lacks RPA1N is unable to support resection in Xenopus egg extracts and human cells. Furthermore, relocating RPA1N to the middle subunit but not to the small subunit causes severe defects in stimulating DNA2 and WRN and in supporting resection. Together, these findings suggest that RPA1N and its spatial position are critical for restricting the directionality of the WRN-DNA2 resection pathway. PMID:26227969

Mirror of light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohlmann, Dietmar

2000-10-01

The making of holograms is better understood than their uses. As an artist who studied holography in Liverpool and at the Royal College of Art in London in the fine art section, I like to use this media in a quite unusual way avoiding the well-worn cliches of Laser-Light-Kitchen- Object-Table-Top-Photography and all these horrible, greenish, blinking plastics. After seeing a master and being introduced to its potential and being inspired by artists such as Rod Murray, Rick Silverman, Margaret Benyon, and Peter Miller I used to spend more time in the Laser- Laboratory than in my painting studio. However, this is no longer true. I have been working on the Millennium-Project since 1996. The project is the idea of Werner Lindemann who is creating a gigantic Amphitheater. On this site, I have the opportunity to meet all sorts of artists and craftsmen, such as opera singers, ceramics designers and architects, to whom I introduced several different large scale projects. Forced to work out installations of a minimum 20 square meters in dimension, I have developed what I call the None- Hologram.

Cluster Dynamical Mean Field Methods and the Momentum-selective Mott transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gull, Emanuel

2011-03-01

Innovations in methodology and computational power have enabled cluster dynamical mean field calculations of the Hubbard model with interaction strengths and band structures representative of high temperature copper oxide superconductors, for clusters large enough that the thermodyamic limit behavior may be determined. We present the methods and show how extrapolations to the thermodynamic limit work in practice. We show that the Hubbard model with next-nearest neighbor hopping at intermediate interaction strength captures much of the exotic behavior characteristic of the high temperature superconductors. An important feature of the results is a pseudogap for hole doping but not for electron doping. The pseudogap regime is characterized by a gap for momenta near Brillouin zone face and gapless behavior near the zone diagonal. for dopings outside of the pseudogap regime we find scattering rates which vary around the fermi surface in a way consistent with recent transport measurements. Using the maximum entropy method we calculate spectra, self-energies, and response functions for Raman spectroscopy and optical conductivities, finding results also in good agreement with experiment. Olivier Parcollet, Philipp Werner, Nan Lin, Michel Ferrero, Antoine Georges, Andrew J. Millis; NSF-DMR-0705847.

The Potential of iPSCs for the Treatment of Premature Aging Disorders

PubMed Central

Compagnucci, Claudia; Bertini, Enrico

2017-01-01

Premature aging disorders including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome, are a group of rare monogenic diseases leading to reduced lifespan of the patients. Importantly, these disorders mimic several features of physiological aging. Despite the interest on the study of these diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown and no treatment is available. Recent studies on HGPS (due to mutations of the LMNA gene encoding for the nucleoskeletal proteins lamin A/C) have reported disruptions in cellular and molecular mechanisms modulating genomic stability and stem cell populations, thus giving the nuclear lamina a relevant function in nuclear organization, epigenetic regulation and in the maintenance of the stem cell pool. In this context, modeling premature aging with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers the possibility to study these disorders during self-renewal and differentiation into relevant cell types. iPSCs generated by cellular reprogramming from adult somatic cells allows researchers to understand pathophysiological mechanisms and enables the performance of drug screenings. Moreover, the recent development of precision genome editing offers the possibility to study the complex mechanisms underlying senescence and the possibility to correct disease phenotypes, paving the way for future therapeutic interventions. PMID:29112121

BLM helicase facilitates telomere replication during leading strand synthesis of telomeres

PubMed Central

Kosiyatrakul, Settapong T.

2015-01-01

Based on its in vitro unwinding activity on G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, the Bloom syndrome–associated helicase BLM is proposed to participate in telomere replication by aiding fork progression through G-rich telomeric DNA. Single molecule analysis of replicated DNA (SMARD) was used to determine the contribution of BLM helicase to telomere replication. In BLM-deficient cells, replication forks initiating from origins within the telomere, which copy the G-rich strand by leading strand synthesis, moved slower through the telomere compared with the adjacent subtelomere. Fork progression through the telomere was further slowed in the presence of a G4 stabilizer. Using a G4-specific antibody, we found that deficiency of BLM, or another G4-unwinding helicase, the Werner syndrome-associated helicase WRN, resulted in increased G4 structures in cells. Importantly, deficiency of either helicase led to greater increases in G4 DNA detected in the telomere compared with G4 seen genome-wide. Collectively, our findings are consistent with BLM helicase facilitating telomere replication by resolving G4 structures formed during copying of the G-rich strand by leading strand synthesis. PMID:26195664

PREFACE: 11th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy (XRM2012)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Hongjie; Wu, Ziyu; Tai, Renzhong

2013-10-01

The Eleventh International Conference on X-ray Microscopy (XRM2012) was held on 5-10 August 2012 at the Hope hotel in Shanghai. Historically, for the first time the XRM conference took place in China. The conference was jointly hosted by the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). The series of XRM conferences dates back to 1983 in Göttingen, Germany. Since the Zürich conference, XRM2008, it has been held every two years, showing its increasing popularity among the x-ray microscopy communities around the world. Research in the area of x-ray microscopy is advancing very fast with the development of synchrotron radiation techniques, especially the emergence of third generation light sources with low natural emittance which has significantly pushed forward the development of technologies and applications in this area. This has been fully demonstrated in presentations from this and previous XRM conferences. XRM2012 was attended by 295 people including 21 invited speakers, 53 contributing speakers, 55 students, and 13 industry exhibitors. Over 232 abstracts were submitted for oral or poster presentation and 56 original, peer-reviewed papers are published in these proceedings. The conference was sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11210301016/A0802), and three gold sponsors active in industrial and technological fields related to x-ray microscopy. An exhibition booth was offered free to Australia synchrotron, the host for XRM2014, to promote the next conference which will be held in Melbourne, Australia in 2014. An unforgettable memory for most conference participants might be the charming night cruise along Pujiang river which was part of the welcome reception on the first evening. The Werner Meyer-Ilse Award (WMIA) prize this year was awarded to Irene Zanette (TU-München) and Stephan Werner (HZB-Berlin), the former for her pioneering

Seeing the unseen: Complete volcano deformation fields by recursive filtering of satellite radar interferograms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez, Pablo J.

2017-04-01

Automatic interferometric processing of satellite radar data has emerged as a solution to the increasing amount of acquired SAR data. Automatic SAR and InSAR processing ranges from focusing raw echoes to the computation of displacement time series using large stacks of co-registered radar images. However, this type of interferometric processing approach demands the pre-described or adaptive selection of multiple processing parameters. One of the interferometric processing steps that much strongly influences the final results (displacement maps) is the interferometric phase filtering. There are a large number of phase filtering methods, however the "so-called" Goldstein filtering method is the most popular [Goldstein and Werner, 1998; Baran et al., 2003]. The Goldstein filter needs basically two parameters, the size of the window filter and a parameter to indicate the filter smoothing intensity. The modified Goldstein method removes the need to select the smoothing parameter based on the local interferometric coherence level, but still requires to specify the dimension of the filtering window. An optimal filtered phase quality usually requires careful selection of those parameters. Therefore, there is an strong need to develop automatic filtering methods to adapt for automatic processing, while maximizing filtered phase quality. Here, in this paper, I present a recursive adaptive phase filtering algorithm for accurate estimation of differential interferometric ground deformation and local coherence measurements. The proposed filter is based upon the modified Goldstein filter [Baran et al., 2003]. This filtering method improves the quality of the interferograms by performing a recursive iteration using variable (cascade) kernel sizes, and improving the coherence estimation by locally defringing the interferometric phase. The method has been tested using simulations and real cases relevant to the characteristics of the Sentinel-1 mission. Here, I present real examples

Operational aspects of asynchronous filtering for improved flood forecasting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rakovec, Oldrich; Weerts, Albrecht; Sumihar, Julius; Uijlenhoet, Remko

2014-05-01

and assimilation and is suitable to be connected to any kind of environmental model. This setup is embedded in the Delft Flood Early Warning System (Delft-FEWS, Werner et al., 2013) for making all simulations and forecast runs and handling of all hydrological and meteorological data. References: Evensen, G. (2009), Data Assimilation: The Ensemble Kalman Filter, Springer, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03711-5. OpenDA (2013), The OpenDA data-assimilation toolbox, www.openda.org, (last access: 1 November 2013). OpenStreams (2013), OpenStreams, www.openstreams.nl, (last access: 1 November 2013). Sakov, P., G. Evensen, and L. Bertino (2010), Asynchronous data assimilation with the EnKF, Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 62(1), 24-29, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00417.x. Werner, M., J. Schellekens, P. Gijsbers, M. van Dijk, O. van den Akker, and K. Heynert (2013), The Delft-FEWS flow forecasting system, Environ. Mod. & Soft., 40(0), 65-77, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.010.

La genèse du concept de champ quantique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darrigol, O.

This is a historical study of the roots of a concept which has proved to be essential in modern particle physics : the concept of quantum field. The first steps were accomplished by two young theoreticians : Pascual Jordan quantized the free electromagnetic field in 1925 by means of the formal rules of the just discovered matrix mechanics, and Paul Dirac quantized the whole system charges + field in 1927. Using Dirac's equation for electrons (1928) and Jordan's idea of quantized matter waves (second quantization), Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli provided in 1929-1930 an extension of Dirac's radiation theory and the proof of its relativistic invariance. Meanwhile Enrico Fermi discovered independently a more elegant and pedagogical formulation. To appreciate the degree of historical necessity of the quantization of fields, and the value of contemporaneous critics to this approach, it was necessary to investigate some of the history of the old radiation theory. We present the various arguments however provisional or naïve or wrong they could be in retrospect. So we hope to contribute to a more vivid picture of notions which, once deprived of their historical setting, might seem abstruse to the modern user. Nous présentons une étude historique des origines d'un concept devenu essentiel dans la physique moderne des particules : le concept de champ quantique. Deux jeunes théoriciens franchirent les premières étapes : Pascual Jordan quantifia le champ électromagnétique en 1925 grâce aux règles formelles de la mécanique des matrices naissante, et Paul Dirac quantifia le système complet charges + champ en 1927. Au moyen de l'équation de l'électron de Dirac (1928) et de l'idée de Jordan d'ondes de matière quantifiées (deuxième quantification), Werner Heisenberg et Wolfgang Pauli donnèrent en 1929-1930 une extension de la théorie du rayonnement de Dirac et la preuve de son invariance relativiste. Pendant ce temps Enrico Fermi découvrit ind

Stakeholder co-development of farm level nutrient management software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buckley, Cathal; Mechan, Sarah; Macken-Walsh, Aine; Heanue, Kevin

2013-04-01

internal innovation processes. Open innovation incorporates processes such as 'user-led' (farmer and advisor) innovation and the 'co-development' (by technologists and users) of a technology. This strategy is increasingly used by a variety of organisations across sectors to try to ensure that the use of their outputs (products/services/technologies) is optimised by their target customers/clients, by incorporating user insights into the development of outputs. This research use the open innovation co-development framework through farmer and farm advisor focus group sessions to inform the development of a desirable software package for nutrient management planners (farm advisors) and desirable output formats for the end user (farmers). References Sutton, M., Oenema, O., Erisman, J. W., Leip, A., Grinsven, H. & Winiwarter, W. 2011. Too much of a good thing. Nature, 472, 159.161. European Environment Agency, 2012. European waters — assessment of status and pressures. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012. Ireland's Environment: An assessment 2012. Ribaudo, M.O., Heimlich, R., Claassen, R., Peters, M., 2001. Least-cost management of nonpoint source pollution: source reduction versus interception strategies for controlling nitrogen loss in the Mississippi Basin. Ecological Economics, 37, 183-197.

Germany's Failure to Achieve an Atomic Bomb in World War II: Bad Science,Good Intentions or Neither?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lustig, Harry

2004-05-01

This is a progress report on a project to find a definitive answer to the disputed question why the Germans did not succeed in building an atomic bomb. The most extreme answers among those that have been put forward are, on the one hand, that Werner Heisenberg did not understand the difference between a nuclear reactor and a bomb and, on the other, that German scientists dragged their feet because they wanted to deny this weapon of mass destruction to Hitler. From an examination of a number of the German scientific reports on their Uranium Project and of other sources, it seems evident that any early idea of a bomb being a run-away reactor was soon replaced by the realization that a bomb required fast neutrons and close to pure uranium 235. As for the hypothesis that the scruples of German scientists played a significant role in preventing a German atomic bomb, the available records appear to negate that explanation as well. Rather, the minuscule resources devoted to the project, the lack of German industrial capacity, the poorly organized and decentralized organization of the research, and the modus operandi of researchers, including Heisenberg, of simultaneously pursuing other interests, doomed the prospect of getting a bomb.

Random density matrices versus random evolution of open system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pineda, Carlos; Seligman, Thomas H.

2015-10-01

We present and compare two families of ensembles of random density matrices. The first, static ensemble, is obtained foliating an unbiased ensemble of density matrices. As criterion we use fixed purity as the simplest example of a useful convex function. The second, dynamic ensemble, is inspired in random matrix models for decoherence where one evolves a separable pure state with a random Hamiltonian until a given value of purity in the central system is achieved. Several families of Hamiltonians, adequate for different physical situations, are studied. We focus on a two qubit central system, and obtain exact expressions for the static case. The ensemble displays a peak around Werner-like states, modulated by nodes on the degeneracies of the density matrices. For moderate and strong interactions good agreement between the static and the dynamic ensembles is found. Even in a model where one qubit does not interact with the environment excellent agreement is found, but only if there is maximal entanglement with the interacting one. The discussion is started recalling similar considerations for scattering theory. At the end, we comment on the reach of the results for other convex functions of the density matrix, and exemplify the situation with the von Neumann entropy.

Why did the Germans not produce an atomic bomb?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lustig, Harry

2003-04-01

The question has been examined and debated in books and articles by physicists and historians of science for the past half century. Since 2000,the controversy has been heightened by Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen. Was the reason for the failure that Werner Heisenberg, the leader of Germany's Uranium Project,for moral reasons, gave incomplete and misleading information to the Nazis, such as withholding the knowledge that fissionable plutonium can be produced in a uranium reactor? Was Heisenberg's science the cause, because it resulted in a critically wrong critical mass for fission of tons instead of kilograms? Did he not make the calculation at all because he was convinced, for practical reasons, that a bomb couldn't be assembled in time to be of use to anyone in World War II? And what about Hans Bethe's assertion that Walter Bothe's mistake in ruling out graphite as a moderator, which obliged the Germans to embark on the difficult, long range effort to obtain enough heavy water, doomed even Heisenberg's reactor program to failure? Can the different answers that have been given to these and other questions be reconciled? If not, which are likely to be correct and which should be abandoned? The talk will be a progress report on this investigation.

Symétries et nomenclature des baryons: Proposition d'une nouvelle nomenclature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landry, Gaëtan

Baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are matter particles made of three quarks. Their current nomenclature is based on the concept of isospin, introduced by Werner Heisenberg in 1932 to explain the similarity between the masses of protons and neutrons, as well as the similarity of their behaviour under the strong interaction. It is a refinement of a nomenclature designed in 1964, before the acceptance of the quark model, for light baryons. A historical review of baryon physics before the advent of the quark model is given to understand the motivations behind the light baryon nomenclature. Then, an overview of the quark model is given to understand the extensions done to this nomenclature in 1986, as well as to understand the physics of baryons and of properties such as isospin and flavour quantum numbers. Since baryon properties are in general explained by the quark model, a nomenclature based on isospin leads to several issues of physics and of clarity. To resolve these issues, the concepts of isospin and mass groups are generalized to all flavours of quarks, the Gell-Mann--Okubo formalism is extended to generalized mass groups, and a baryon nomenclature based on the quark model, reflecting modern knowledge, is proposed.

An Act of Scientific Creativity: Meitner, Frisch, and Nuclear Fission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stuewer, Roger H.

2002-04-01

The dominant event that lay in the background to Werner Heisenberg's fateful meeting with Niels Bohr in occupied Copenhagen in September 1941 was the discovery and interpretation of nuclear fission three years earlier. Michael Frayn has explored that meeting in his play "Copenhagen" in an act of extraordinary literary creativity. In this talk I will explore Lise Meitner's and Otto Robert Frisch's interpretation of nuclear fission as an act of extraordinary scientific creativity. My aim is to understand historically how it was possible for Meitner and Frisch, and only Meitner and Frisch, to arrive at their interpretation as they talked and walked in the snow in the small Swedish village of Kungälv over the Christmas holidays in December 1938. This will require us to examine the history of the liquid-drop model of the nucleus over the preceding decade, from George Gamow's conception of that model in 1928, through Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's extension of it between 1933 and 1936, and finally through Bohr's use of it in his theory of the compound nucleus between 1936 and 1938. We will see how Meitner and Frisch combined their different knowledge of these developments creatively to arrive at their momentous interpretation of nuclear fission.

Light and harmonicity: the golden section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raftopoulos, Dionysios G.

2015-09-01

Adhering to Werner Heisenberg's and to the school of Copenhagen's physical philosophy we introduce the localized observer as an absolutely necessary element of a consistent physical description of nature. Thus we have synthesized the theory of the harmonicity of the field of light, which attempts to present a new approach to the events in the human perceptible space. It is an axiomatic theory based on the selection of the projective space as the geometrical space of choice, while its first fundamental hypothesis is none other than special relativity theory's second hypothesis, properly modified. The result is that all our observations and measurements of physical entities always refer not to their present state but rather to a previous one, a conclusion evocative of the "shadows" paradigm in Plato's cave allegory. In the kinematics of a material point this previous state we call "conjugate position", which has been called the "retarded position" by Richard Feynman. We prove that the relation of the present position with its conjugate is ruled by a harmonic tetrad. Thus the relation of the elements of the geometrical (noetic) and the perceptible space is harmonic. In this work we show a consequence of this harmonic relation: the golden section.

Stapp's quantum dualism: The James and Heisenberg model of consciousness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noyes, H. P.

1994-02-01

Henry Stapp attempts to resolve the Cartesian dilemma by introducing what the author would characterize as an ontological dualism between mind and matter. His model for mind comes from William James' description of conscious events and for matter from Werner Heisenberg's ontological model for quantum events (wave function collapse). His demonstration of the isomorphism between the two types of events is successful, but in the author's opinion fails to establish a monistic, scientific theory. The author traces Stapp's failure to his adamant rejection of arbitrariness, or 'randomness.' This makes it impossible for him (or for Bohr and Pauli before him) to understand the power of Darwin's explanation of biology, let alone the triumphs of modern 'neo-Darwinism.' The author notes that the point at issue is a modern version of the unresolved opposition between Leucippus and Democritus on one side and Epicurus on the other. Stapp's views are contrasted with recent discussions of consciousness by two eminent biologists: Crick and Edelman. They locate the problem firmly in the context of natural selection on the surface of the earth. Their approaches provide a sound basis for further scientific work. The author briefly examines the connection between this scientific (rather than ontological) framework and the new fundamental theory based on bit-strings and the combinatorial hierarchy.

Developing Master Keys to Brain Pathology, Cancer and Aging from the Structural Biology of Proteins Controlling Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Repair

PubMed Central

Perry, J. Jefferson P.; Fan, Li; Tainer, John A.

2007-01-01

This review is focused on proteins with key roles in pathways controlling either reactive oxygen species or DNA damage responses, both of which are essential for preserving the nervous system. An imbalance of reactive oxygen species or inappropriate DNA damage response likely causes mutational or cytotoxic outcomes, which may lead to cancer and/or aging phenotypes. Moreover, individuals with hereditary disorders in proteins of these cellular pathways have significant neurological abnormalities. Mutations in a superoxide dismutase, which removes oxygen free radicals, may cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, DNA repair disorders that affect the brain to varying extents include ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder, Cockayne syndrome or Werner syndrome. Here, we highlight recent advances gained through structural biochemistry studies on enzymes linked to these disorders and other related enzymes acting within the same cellular pathways. We describe the current understanding of how these vital proteins coordinate chemical steps and integrate cellular signaling and response events. Significantly, these structural studies may provide a set of master keys to developing a unified understanding of the survival mechanisms utilized after insults by reactive oxygen species and genotoxic agents, and also provide a basis for developing an informed intervention in brain tumor and neurodegenerative disease progression. PMID:17174478

Dynamics of tripartite quantum entanglement and discord under a classical dephasing random telegraph noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kenfack, Lionel Tenemeza; Tchoffo, Martin; Fai, Lukong Cornelius

2017-02-01

We address the dynamics of quantum correlations, including entanglement and quantum discord of a three-qubit system interacting with a classical pure dephasing random telegraph noise (RTN) in three different physical environmental situations (independent, mixed and common environments). Two initial entangled states of the system are examined, namely the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)- and Werner (W)-type states. The classical noise is introduced as a stochastic process affecting the energy splitting of the qubits. With the help of suitable measures of tripartite entanglement (entanglement witnesses and lower bound of concurrence) and quantum discord (global quantum discord and quantum dissension), we show that the evolution of quantum correlations is not only affected by the type of the system-environment interaction but also by the input configuration of the qubits and the memory properties of the environmental noise. Indeed, depending on the memory properties of the environmental noise and the initial state considered, we find that independent, common and mixed environments can play opposite roles in preserving quantum correlations, and that the sudden death and revival phenomena or the survival of quantum correlations may occur. On the other hand, we also show that the W-type state has strong dynamics under this noise than the GHZ-type ones.

The N-terminus of RPA large subunit and its spatial position are important for the 5'->3' resection of DNA double-strand breaks.

PubMed

Tammaro, Margaret; Liao, Shuren; McCane, Jill; Yan, Hong

2015-10-15

The first step of homology-dependent repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is the resection of the 5' strand to generate 3' ss-DNA. Of the two major nucleases responsible for resection, EXO1 has intrinsic 5'->3' directionality, but DNA2 does not. DNA2 acts with RecQ helicases such as the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and the heterotrimeric eukaryotic ss-DNA binding protein RPA. We have found that the N-terminus of the RPA large subunit (RPA1N) interacts with both WRN and DNA2 and is essential for stimulating WRN's 3'->5' helicase activity and DNA2's 5'->3' ss-DNA exonuclease activity. A mutant RPA complex that lacks RPA1N is unable to support resection in Xenopus egg extracts and human cells. Furthermore, relocating RPA1N to the middle subunit but not to the small subunit causes severe defects in stimulating DNA2 and WRN and in supporting resection. Together, these findings suggest that RPA1N and its spatial position are critical for restricting the directionality of the WRN-DNA2 resection pathway. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

OpenDA-WFLOW framework for improving hydrologic predictions using distributed hydrologic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weerts, Albrecht; Schellekens, Jaap; Kockx, Arno; Hummel, Stef

2017-04-01

Data assimilation (DA) holds considerable potential for improving hydrologic predictions (Liu et al., 2012) and increase the potential for early warning and/or smart water management. However, advances in hydrologic DA research have not yet been adequately or timely implemented in operational forecast systems to improve the skill of forecasts for better informed real-world decision making. The objective of this work is to highlight the development of a generic linkage of the open source OpenDA package and the open source community hydrologic modeling framework Openstreams/WFLOW and its application in operational hydrological forecasting on various spatial scales. The coupling between OpenDA and Openstreams/wflow framework is based on the emerging standard Basic Model Interface (BMI) as advocated by CSDMS using cross-platform webservices (i.e. Apache Thrift) developed by Hut et al. (2016). The potential application of the OpenDA-WFLOW for operational hydrologic forecasting including its integration with Delft-FEWS (used by more than 40 operational forecast centers around the world (Werner et al., 2013)) is demonstrated by the presented case studies. We will also highlight the possibility to give real-time insight into the working of the DA methods applied for supporting the forecaster as mentioned as one of the burning issues by Liu et al., (2012).

Neptunism and Transformism: Robert Jameson and other Evolutionary Theorists in Early Nineteenth-Century Scotland.

PubMed

Jenkins, Bill

2016-08-01

This paper sheds new light on the prevalence of evolutionary ideas in Scotland in the early nineteenth century and establish what connections existed between the espousal of evolutionary theories and adherence to the directional history of the earth proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner and his Scottish disciples. A possible connection between Wernerian geology and theories of the transmutation of species in Edinburgh in the period when Charles Darwin was a medical student in the city was suggested in an important 1991 paper by James Secord. This study aims to deepen our knowledge of this important episode in the history of evolutionary ideas and explore the relationship between these geological and evolutionary discourses. To do this it focuses on the circle of natural historians around Robert Jameson, Wernerian geologist and professor of natural history at the University of Edinburgh from 1804 to 1854. From the evidence gathered here there emerges a clear confirmation that the Wernerian model of geohistory facilitated the acceptance of evolutionary explanations of the history of life in early nineteenth-century Scotland. As Edinburgh was at this time the most important center of medical education in the English-speaking world, this almost certainly influenced the reception and development of evolutionary ideas in the decades that followed.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-aminopyrazol-4-yl ketones and the p38(MAPK) inhibitor RO3201195 for study in Werner syndrome cells.

PubMed

Bagley, Mark C; Davis, Terence; Dix, Matthew C; Murziani, Paola G S; Rokicki, Michal J; Kipling, David

2008-07-01

5-Aminopyrazol-4-yl ketones are prepared rapidly and efficiently using microwave dielectric heating from beta-ketonitriles by treatment with N,N'-diphenylformamidine followed by heterocyclocondensation by irradiation with a hydrazine. The inhibitory activity of RO3201195 prepared by this methodology was confirmed in hTERT-immortalized HCA2 and WS dermal fibroblasts at 200nM concentration, both by ELISA and immunoblot assay, and displays excellent kinase selectivity for p38alpha MAPK over the related stress-activated kinase JNK.

Dedication: phys. stat. sol. (a) 202/15

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albrecht, Martin

2005-12-01

The papers in this issue are dedicated to Professor Horst Paul Strunk on the occasion of his 65th birthday and his retirement from active teaching. This volume honours a scientist who has made a lasting impact on the field in electron microscopic characterisation of growth and relaxation phenomena in epitaxial growth of semiconductors. Born in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 13 June 1940, he studied physics in Stuttgart where he received his degree in Physics in 1968. He joined the group of Prof. Seeger at the Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung and defended his Ph.D. on defects in NaCl at Stuttgart University in 1973. He spent one year at Cornell University as a visiting Professor before joining Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg in 1983. There he created the Zentralbereich Elektronenmikroskopie and was a professor for materials analytics from 1983 till 1989. In 1989 he changed to the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, where he established the Verbundlabor für hochauflösende Elektronenmikroskopie and directed the Lehrstuhl Mikrocharakterisierung at the Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften of the same university. He spent two research periods at the Universities of Rennes in France and Campinas in Brazil. Together with his colleague Prof. Jürgen Werner he created the series of conferences on polycrystalline semiconductors POLYSE which he has been supervising together with Jürgen Werner since 1990.The research activities of Horst P. Strunk are focused on microstructure of materials and their relation to macroscopic physical properties. Main topics are dislocations, their formation and interaction mechanisms, strain relaxation as well as fundamental mechanisms of epitaxial growth. The spectrum of materials covers a wide range starting from metals over ionic crystals, e.g. NaCl to elemental and compound semiconductors. From the beginning, the main tool of study has been the transmission electron microscope. However, Horst P. Strunk recognised that a

Reorientation Timescales and Pattern Dynamics for Titan's Dunes: Does the Tail Wag the Dog or the Dragon?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ewing, R. C.; Hayes, A. G.; McCormick, C.; Ballard, C.; Troy, S. A.

2012-04-01

Fields of bedform patterns persist across many orders of magnitude, from cm-scale sub-aqueous current ripples to km-scale aeolian dunes, and form with surprisingly little difference in expression despite a range of formative environments. Because of the remarkable similarity among bedform patterns, extracting information about climate and environment from these patterns is a challenge. For example, crestline orientation is not diagnostic of a particular flow regime; similar patterns form under many different flow configurations. On Titan, these challenges have played out with many attempts to reconcile dune crestline orientation with modeled and expected wind regimes. We propose that thinking about the time-scale of the change in dune orientation, rather than the orientation itself, can provide new insights on the long-term stability of the dune-field patterns and the formative wind regime. In this work, we apply the crestline re-orientation model developed by Werner and Kocurek [Geology, 1997] to the equatorial dune fields of Titan. We use Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar images processed through a de-noising algorithm recently developed by Lucas et al. [LPSC, 2012] to measure variations in pattern parameters (crest spacing, crest length and defect density, which is the number of defect pairs per total crest length) both within and between Titan's dune fields to describe pattern maturity and identify areas where changes in dune orientation are likely to occur (or may already be occurring). Measured defect densities are similar to Earth's largest linear dune fields, such as the Namib Sand Sea and the Simpson Desert. We use measured defect densities in the Werner and Kocurek model to estimate crestline reorientation rates. We find reorientation timescales varying from ten to a hundred thousand times the average migration timescale (time to migrate a bedform one meter, ~1 Titan year according to Tokano (Aeolian Research, 2010)). Well-organized patterns have the

New statistical downscaling for Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdock, T. Q.; Cannon, A. J.; Sobie, S.

2013-12-01

This poster will document the production of a set of statistically downscaled future climate projections for Canada based on the latest available RCM and GCM simulations - the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP; Mearns et al. 2007) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The main stages of the project included (1) downscaling method evaluation, (2) scenarios selection, (3) production of statistically downscaled results, and (4) applications of results. We build upon a previous downscaling evaluation project (Bürger et al. 2012, Bürger et al. 2013) in which a quantile-based method (Bias Correction/Spatial Disaggregation - BCSD; Werner 2011) provided high skill compared with four other methods representing the majority of types of downscaling used in Canada. Additional quantile-based methods (Bias-Correction/Constructed Analogues; Maurer et al. 2010 and Bias-Correction/Climate Imprint ; Hunter and Meentemeyer 2005) were evaluated. A subset of 12 CMIP5 simulations was chosen based on an objective set of selection criteria. This included hemispheric skill assessment based on the CLIMDEX indices (Sillmann et al. 2013), historical criteria used previously at the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (Werner 2011), and refinement based on a modified clustering algorithm (Houle et al. 2012; Katsavounidis et al. 1994). Statistical downscaling was carried out on the NARCCAP ensemble and a subset of the CMIP5 ensemble. We produced downscaled scenarios over Canada at a daily time resolution and 300 arc second (~10 km) spatial resolution from historical runs for 1951-2005 and from RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 projections for 2006-2100. The ANUSPLIN gridded daily dataset (McKenney et al. 2011) was used as a target. It has national coverage, spans the historical period of interest 1951-2005, and has daily time resolution. It uses interpolation of station data based on thin-plate splines. This type of method has been shown to have

Validation of Erosion 3D in Lower Saxony - Comparison between modelled soil erosion events and results of a long term monitoring project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bug, Jan; Mosimann, Thomas

2013-04-01

Since 2000 water erosion has been surveyed on 400 ha arable land in three different regions of Lower Saxony (Mosimann et al. 2009). The results of this long-term survey are used for the validation of the soil erosion models such as USLE and Erosion 3D. The validation of the physically-based model Erosion 3D (Schmidt & Werner 2000) is possible because the survey analyses the effects (soil loss, sediment yield, deposition on site) of single thunder storm events and also maps major factors of soil erosion (soil, crop, tillage). A 12.5 m Raster DEM was used to model the soil erosion events.Rainfalldata was acquired from climate stations. Soil and landuse parameters were derived from the "Parameterkatalog Sachsen"(Michael et al. 1996). During thirteen years of monitoring, high intensity storms fell less frequently than expected. High intensity rainfalls with a return period of five or ten years usually occurred during periods of maximum plant cover.Winter events were ruled out because dataon snow melt and rainfallwere not measured. The validation is therefore restricted to 80 events. The validation consists of three parts. The first part compares the spatial distribution of the mapped soil erosion with the model results. The second part calculates the difference in the amount of redistributed soil. The third part analyses off-site effects such as sediment yield and pollution of water bodies. The validation shows that the overall result of erosion 3D is quite good. Spatial hotspots of soil erosion and of off-site effects are predicted correctly in most cases. However, quantitative comparison is more problematic, because the mapping allows only the quantification of rillerosion and not of sheet erosion. So as a rule,the predicted soil loss is higher than the mapped. The prediction of rill development is also problematic. While the model is capable of predicting rills in thalwegs, the modelling of erosion in tractor tracks and headlands is more complicated. In order to

Steady state or non-steady state? Identifying driving mechanisms of oxygen isotope signatures of leaf transpiration in functionally distinct plant species

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubbert, Maren; Kübert, Angelika; Cuntz, Matthias; Werner, Christiane

2015-04-01

observed plant functional types. However, in accordance with our findings in the lab, species specific differences in the leaf water turn over time, significantly influenced the amount of time plants transpired at non-steady state during the day (Dubbert et al., 2013, 2014). Our results emphasize the significance of considering isotopic non-steady state of transpiration and specifically to account for the specific differences of plant species resulting from distinct physiological traits of their leaves when applying isoflux models in ecosystem studies. Dubbert, M; Cuntz, M; Piayda, A; Maguas, C; Werner, C: Partitioning evapotranspiration - Testing the Craig and Gordon model with field measurements of oxygen isotope ratios of evaporative fluxes. J Hydrol (2013) Dubbert, M; Piayda, A; Cuntz, M; Correia, AC; Costa e Silva, F; Pereira, JS; Werner, C: Stable oxygen isotope and flux partitioning demonstrates understory of an oak savanna contributes up to half of ecosystem carbon and water exchange, Frontiers in Plant Science (2014a)

Relativistic Astrophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Bernard J. T.; Markovic, Dragoljub

1997-06-01

Preface; Prologue: Conference overview Bernard Carr; Part I. The Universe At Large and Very Large Redshifts: 2. The size and age of the Universe Gustav A. Tammann; 3. Active galaxies at large redshifts Malcolm S. Longair; 4. Observational cosmology with the cosmic microwave background George F. Smoot; 5. Future prospects in measuring the CMB power spectrum Philip M. Lubin; 6. Inflationary cosmology Michael S. Turner; 7. The signature of the Universe Bernard J. T. Jones; 8. Theory of large-scale structure Sergei F. Shandarin; 9. The origin of matter in the universe Lev A. Kofman; 10. New guises for cold-dark matter suspects Edward W. Kolb; Part II. Physics and Astrophysics Of Relativistic Compact Objects: 11. On the unification of gravitational and inertial forces Donald Lynden-Bell; 12. Internal structure of astrophysical black holes Werner Israel; 13. Black hole entropy: external facade and internal reality Valery Frolov; 14. Accretion disks around black holes Marek A. Abramowicz; 15. Black hole X-ray transients J. Craig Wheeler; 16. X-rays and gamma rays from active galactic nuclei Roland Svensson; 17. Gamma-ray bursts: a challenge to relativistic astrophysics Martin Rees; 18. Probing black holes and other exotic objects with gravitational waves Kip Thorne; Epilogue: the past and future of relativistic astrophysics Igor D. Novikov; I. D. Novikov's scientific papers and books.

Was Nazi Germany on the Road to an Atomic Bomb after all?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lustig, Harry

2006-04-01

The story of Germany's efforts to develop a nuclear weapon during World War II is a much written about and contentious subject. However there has been agreement on one thing: by the end of the War the Germans had not achieved and were nowhere near to building a bomb. The dispute therefore has been about why Germany did not succeed. Now, from Germany, comes a challenge to this truth, in the provocative book Hitlers Bombe by Rainer Karlsch. The bombshell in Hitler's Bombe is the assertion that German scientists developed and tested a primitive fission and fusion nuclear weapon in March 1945. Karlsch bases this claim on testimony of witnesses in 1962, previously secret Russian documents, and the results of soil tests carried out in 2004 and 2005. However the physics is very murky and it seems out of the question that Germany had enough Uranium 235 or produced any Plutonium for a bomb. Hitlers Bombe also makes other, better documented and more credible revisionist assertions. These include the claim that the Nazis did continue to try to build a bomb after 1942 and that not Werner Heisenberg, but Kurt Diebner and Walther Gerlach were then the leaders of the German Uranium project. Karlsch's book therefore deserves more attention from physicists and historians than it has received in the United States.

LATE POP III STAR FORMATION DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION: RESULTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE SIMULATIONS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Hao; Norman, Michael L.; O’Shea, Brian W.

2016-06-01

We present results on the formation of Population III (Pop III) stars at redshift 7.6 from the Renaissance Simulations, a suite of extremely high-resolution and physics-rich radiation transport hydrodynamics cosmological adaptive-mesh refinement simulations of high-redshift galaxy formation performed on the Blue Waters supercomputer. In a survey volume of about 220 comoving Mpc{sup 3}, we found 14 Pop III galaxies with recent star formation. The surprisingly late formation of Pop III stars is possible due to two factors: (i) the metal enrichment process is local and slow, leaving plenty of pristine gas to exist in the vast volume; and (ii) strongmore » Lyman–Werner radiation from vigorous metal-enriched star formation in early galaxies suppresses Pop III formation in (“not so”) small primordial halos with mass less than ∼3 × 10{sup 7} M {sub ⊙}. We quantify the properties of these Pop III galaxies and their Pop III star formation environments. We look for analogs to the recently discovered luminous Ly α emitter CR7, which has been interpreted as a Pop III star cluster within or near a metal-enriched star-forming galaxy. We find and discuss a system similar to this in some respects, however, the Pop III star cluster is far less massive and luminous than CR7 is inferred to be.« less

On the Reasonable and Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in Classical and Quantum Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotnitsky, Arkady

2011-03-01

The point of departure for this article is Werner Heisenberg's remark, made in 1929: "It is not surprising that our language [or conceptuality] should be incapable of describing processes occurring within atoms, for … it was invented to describe the experiences of daily life, and these consist only of processes involving exceedingly large numbers of atoms. … Fortunately, mathematics is not subject to this limitation, and it has been possible to invent a mathematical scheme—the quantum theory [quantum mechanics]—which seems entirely adequate for the treatment of atomic processes." The cost of this discovery, at least in Heisenberg's and related interpretations of quantum mechanics (such as that of Niels Bohr), is that, in contrast to classical mechanics, the mathematical scheme in question no longer offers a description, even an idealized one, of quantum objects and processes. This scheme only enables predictions, in general, probabilistic in character, of the outcomes of quantum experiments. As a result, a new type of the relationships between mathematics and physics is established, which, in the language of Eugene Wigner adopted in my title, indeed makes the effectiveness of mathematics unreasonable in quantum but, as I shall explain, not in classical physics. The article discusses these new relationships between mathematics and physics in quantum theory and their implications for theoretical physics—past, present, and future.

Stapp`s quantum dualism: The James/Heisenberg model of consciousness

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Noyes, H.P.

1994-02-18

Henry Stapp attempts to resolve the Cartesian dilemma by introducing what the author would characterize as an ontological dualism between mind and matter. His model for mind comes from William James` description of conscious events and for matter from Werner Heisenberg`s ontological model for quantum events (wave function collapse). His demonstration of the isomorphism between the two types of events is successful, but in the author`s opinion fails to establish a monistic, scientific theory. The author traces Stapp`s failure to his adamant rejection of arbitrariness, or `randomness`. This makes it impossible for him (or for Bohr and Pauli before him)more » to understand the power of Darwin`s explanation of biology, let along the triumphs of modern `neo-Darwinism`. The author notes that the point at issue is a modern version of the unresolved opposition between Leucippus and Democritus on one side and Epicurus on the other. Stapp`s views are contrasted with recent discussions of consciousness by two eminent biologists: Crick and Edelman. They locate the problem firmly in the context of natural selection on the surface of the earth. Their approaches provide a sound basis for further scientific work. The author briefly examines the connection between this scientific (rather than ontological) framework and the new fundamental theory based on bit-strings and the combinatorial hierarchy.« less

Contemporary Cuban Physics Through Scientific Publications: An Insider’s View

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altshuler, Ernesto

In a previous paper, the author reached some conclusions on the tendencies of the publications by Cuban physicists in international journals (Altshuler, Rev Cub Fís 22(2):173-182, 2005) and called for a systematic bibliometric study of the subject. Such a study has now been undertaken (a contribution to this volume entitled "Physics in Cuba from the Perspective of Bibliometrics" by Werner Marx and Manuel Cardona, referred to in this paper as Marx and Cardona) and supports the main conclusions of the former work. The scenario of Cuban physics since 1995 has been conditioned by two main facts interacting in a nontrivial way: the serious material shortages affecting local physics laboratories and bibliographic resources, and an increase in the country's international collaboration. As a positive result, the total volume of Cuban publications in international physics journals has increased since 1995, perhaps reaching a peak around the year 2000, while the number of citations of Cuban papers and the impact of the journals in which they were published have continued to increase since the mid-1990s. Theoretical work produced by physicists from a number of Cuban institutions in international collaborations strongly contribute to those numbers. In the last years, international publications suggest a `self-organized' opening of Cuban physics towards interdisciplinary subjects, which is increasing the `bibliometric visibility' of autochthonous experimental work.

II: Through the Western Part of the City: Charlottenburg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, Dieter

Until 1920 the city we now call Berlin was a collection of independent towns and villages — among them Charlottenburg, which was one of the most important and was the proud sister of Berlin, Prussia’s and Germany’s capital, where the wealthy and innovative bourgeoisie lived. Werner von Siemens, Germany’s pioneer in the modern electrical industry, was a prime example of that elite. His castle-like villa was located not far from today’s Ernst-Reuter-Platz at Otto-Suhr-Allee 10-16, and important parts of his enterprise expanded into the “meadows outside of Charlottenburg” during the second half of the 19th century. It was no accident that the efforts to unite Berlin’s two colleges for trade and construction (both founded around 1800) led to the foundation of a modern Technical College in Charlottenburg in 1879, today’s Technical University of Berlin. Its magnificent main building (figure 1), which was opened in 1882 by the German Emperor, was an expression of the great self-confidence of this new institution of higher learning and of Charlottenburg’s bourgeoisie. Although large parts of the building were destroyed by bombs during World War II, you can still get an impression of its monumentality from what survived at number 135 Strasse des 17. Juni.

Tensile Fracture Behavior of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Manufactured by Hot Isostatic Pressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cooper, A. J.; Brayshaw, W. J.; Sherry, A. H.

2018-02-01

Herein we investigate how the oxygen content in hot isostatically pressed (HIP'd) 316L stainless steel affects the mechanical properties and tensile fracture behavior. This work follows on from previous studies, which aimed to understand the effect of oxygen content on the Charpy impact toughness of HIP'd steel. We expand on the work by performing room-temperature tensile testing on different heats of 316L stainless steel, which contain different levels of interstitial elements (carbon and nitrogen) as well as oxygen in the bulk material. Throughout the work we repeat the experiments on conventionally forged 316L steel as a reference material. The analysis of the work indicates that oxygen does not contribute to a measureable solution strengthening mechanism, as is the case with carbon and nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels (Werner in Mater Sci Eng A 101:93-98, 1988). Neither does oxygen, in the form of oxide inclusions, contribute to precipitation hardening due to the size and spacing of particles. However, the oxide particles do influence fracture behavior; fractography of the failed tension test specimens indicates that the average ductile dimple size is related to the oxygen content in the bulk material, the results of which support an on-going hypothesis relating oxygen content in HIP'd steels to their fracture mechanisms by providing additional sites for the initiation of ductile damage in the form of voids.

Investigations of the Quantum Correlation in Two-Qubit Heisenberg XYZ Model with Decoherence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo-Hui, Yang

2017-03-01

Quantum correlation dynamics in an anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ model under decoherence is investigated with the use of concurrence C and quantum discord (QD). With the Werner state as the initial state, we discuss the influence of mixture degree r on the dynamics. There are some difference between the time evolution behaviors of these two correlation measures with different value of r. For 0 ≤ r ≤ 1/3, there exists quantum discord but no entanglement; For 1/3< r<1, there is a "entanglement sudden death and birth" phenomenon in the concurrence but not in the QD; For r=1, there is one interesting thing that the concurrence decays from 1 to a minimum value close to 0 but the QD vanish. In addition, we have investigated the influence of different parameters on the two correlation measures. It has been found that, the concurrence and QD both exhibit osillatory behaviors with the time evolution, which is independent on the magnetic field B and the coupling coefficient J z . However, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (D) and coupling coefficient J have strong influence on concurrence and QD. With the increasing of the D or J, the frequency of the oscillation getting larger. When time is fixed, with the increasing of D or J, the concurrence and QD change periodically.

1.5-μm band polarization entangled photon-pair source with variable Bell states.

PubMed

Arahira, Shin; Kishimoto, Tadashi; Murai, Hitoshi

2012-04-23

In this paper we report a polarization-entangled photon-pair source in a 1.5-μm band which can generate arbitrary entangled states including four maximum entangled states (Bell states) by using cascaded optical second nonlinearities (second-harmonic generation and the following spontaneous parametric down conversion) in a periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) ridge-waveguide device. Exchange among the Bell states was achieved by using an optical phase bias compensator (OPBC) in a Sagnac loop interferometer and a half-wave plate outside the loop for polarization conversion. Quantitative evaluation was made on the performance of the photon-pair source through the experiments of two-photon interferences, quantum state tomography, and test of violation of Bell inequality. We observed high visibilities of 96%, fidelities of 97%, and 2.71 of the S parameter in inequality of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH). The experimental values, including peak coincidence counts in the two-photon interference (approximately 170 counts per second), remained almost unchanged in despite of the exchange among the Bell states. They were also in good agreement with the theoretical assumption from the mean number of the photon-pairs under the test (0.04 per pulse). More detailed experimental studies on the dependence of the mean number of the photon-pairs revealed that the quantum states were well understood as the Werner state. © 2012 Optical Society of America

Analytic H I-to-H2 Photodissociation Transition Profiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bialy, Shmuel; Sternberg, Amiel

2016-05-01

We present a simple analytic procedure for generating atomic (H I) to molecular ({{{H}}}2) density profiles for optically thick hydrogen gas clouds illuminated by far-ultraviolet radiation fields. Our procedure is based on the analytic theory for the structure of one-dimensional H I/{{{H}}}2 photon-dominated regions, presented by Sternberg et al. Depth-dependent atomic and molecular density fractions may be computed for arbitrary gas density, far-ultraviolet field intensity, and the metallicity-dependent H2 formation rate coefficient, and dust absorption cross section in the Lyman-Werner photodissociation band. We use our procedure to generate a set of {{H}} {{I}}{-}{to}{-}{{{H}}}2 transition profiles for a wide range of conditions, from the weak- to strong-field limits, and from super-solar down to low metallicities. We show that if presented as functions of dust optical depth, the {{H}} {{I}} and {{{H}}}2 density profiles depend primarily on the Sternberg “α G parameter” (dimensionless) that determines the dust optical depth associated with the total photodissociated {{H}} {{I}} column. We derive a universal analytic formula for the {{H}} {{I}}{-}{to}{-}{{{H}}}2 transition points as a function of just α G. Our formula will be useful for interpreting emission-line observations of H I/{{{H}}}2 interfaces, for estimating star formation thresholds, and for sub-grid components in hydrodynamics simulations.

Using different growth references to measure thinness and overweight among Swedish primary school children showed considerable variations.

PubMed

Nilsen, Bente B; Yngve, Agneta; Sjöberg, Agneta; Moraeus, Lotta; Lissner, Lauren; Werner, Bo

2016-10-01

The study compared how four different growth references determined the prevalence of thinness and overweight, based on height and weight measurements from a nationally representative sample of Swedish children from seven to nine years of age. The height and weight measurements of 4518 Swedish schoolchildren aged seven to nine years were carried out in 2008 using a standardised protocol. The prevalence of different degrees of thinness and overweight was calculated using international growth references from the World Health Organization, the International Obesity Task Force and two Swedish growth references from Werner and Karlberg. Depending on which growth reference we used, the prevalence of different degrees of thinness varied from 7.5% to 16.9% for the boys and 6.9% to 13.7% for the girls, while the prevalence of overweight, including obesity and severe obesity, varied from 16.5% to 25.7% for the boys and 18.2 to 25.2% for the girls. There were also significant gender differences depending on the growth reference we used. Using four different growth references, two international and two Swedish, produced wide variations in the prevalence of thinness and overweight, together with significant gender differences. In the absence of a global definition, we need both national and international growth references. ©2016 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Hot air impingement on a flat plate using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plengsa-ard, C.; Kaewbumrung, M.

2018-01-01

Impinging hot gas jets to a flat plate generate very high heat transfer coefficients in the impingement zone. The magnitude of heat transfer prediction near the stagnation point is important and accurate heat flux distribution are needed. This research studies on heat transfer and flow field resulting from a single hot air impinging wall. The simulation is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) commercial code FLUENT. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach with a subgrid-scale Smagorinsky-Lilly model is present. The classical Werner-Wengle wall model is used to compute the predicted results of velocity and temperature near walls. The Smagorinsky constant in the turbulence model is set to 0.1 and is kept constant throughout the investigation. The hot gas jet impingement on the flat plate with a constant surface temperature is chosen to validate the predicted heat flux results with experimental data. The jet Reynolds number is equal to 20,000 and a fixed jet-to-plate spacing of H/D = 2.0. Nusselt number on the impingement surface is calculated. As predicted by the wall model, the instantaneous computed Nusselt number agree fairly well with experimental data. The largest values of calculated Nusselt number are near the stagnation point and decrease monotonically in the wall jet region. Also, the contour plots of instantaneous values of wall heat flux on a flat plate are captured by LES simulation.

An Impact Ejecta Behavior Model for Small, Irregular Bodies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richardson, J. E.; Melosh, H. J.; Greenberg, R.

2003-01-01

In recent years, spacecraft observations of asteroids 951 Gaspra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, and 433 Eros have shown the overriding dominance of impact processes with regard to the structure and surface morphology of these small, irregular bodies. In particular, impact ejecta play an important role in regolith formation, ranging from small particles to large blocks, as well as surface feature modification and obscuration. To investigate these processes, a numerical model has been developed based upon the impact ejecta scaling laws provided by Housen, Schmidt, and Holsapple, and modified to more properly simulate the late-stage ejection velocities and ejecta plume shape changes (ejection angle variations) shown in impact cratering experiments. A target strength parameter has also been added to allow the simulation of strength-dominated cratering events in addition to the more familiar gravity-dominated cratering events. The result is a dynamical simulation which models -- via tracer particles -- the ejecta plume behavior, ejecta blanket placement, and impact crater area resulting from a specified impact on an irregularly shaped target body, which is modeled in 3-dimensional polygon fashion. This target body can be placed in a simple rotation state about one of its principal axes, with the impact site and projectile/target parameters selected by the user. The gravitational force from the irregular target body (on each tracer particle) is determined using the polygonized surface (polyhedron) gravity technique developed by Werner.

WRNIP1 functions upstream of DNA polymerase η in the UV-induced DNA damage response

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoshimura, Akari, E-mail: akari_yo@stu.musashino-u.ac.jp; Kobayashi, Yume; Tada, Shusuke

2014-09-12

Highlights: • The UV sensitivity of POLH{sup −/−} cells was suppressed by disruption of WRNIP1. • In WRNIP1{sup −/−/−}/POLH{sup −/−} cells, mutation frequencies and SCE after irradiation reduced. • WRNIP1 defect recovered rate of fork progression after irradiation in POLH{sup −/−} cells. • WRNIP1 functions upstream of Polη in the translesion DNA synthesis pathway. - Abstract: WRNIP1 (WRN-interacting protein 1) was first identified as a factor that interacts with WRN, the protein that is defective in Werner syndrome (WS). WRNIP1 associates with DNA polymerase η (Polη), but the biological significance of this interaction remains unknown. In this study, we analyzedmore » the functional interaction between WRNIP1 and Polη by generating knockouts of both genes in DT40 chicken cells. Disruption of WRNIP1 in Polη-disrupted (POLH{sup −/−}) cells suppressed the phenotypes associated with the loss of Polη: sensitivity to ultraviolet light (UV), delayed repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), elevated frequency of mutation, elevated levels of UV-induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and reduced rate of fork progression after UV irradiation. These results suggest that WRNIP1 functions upstream of Polη in the response to UV irradiation.« less

A simple model for molecular hydrogen chemistry coupled to radiation hydrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nickerson, Sarah; Teyssier, Romain; Rosdahl, Joakim

2018-06-01

We introduce non-equilibrium molecular hydrogen chemistry into the radiation-hydrodynamics code RAMSES-RT. This is an adaptive mesh refinement grid code with radiation hydrodynamics that couples the thermal chemistry of hydrogen and helium to moment-based radiative transfer with the Eddington tensor closure model. The H2 physics that we include are formation on dust grains, gas phase formation, formation by three-body collisions, collisional destruction, photodissociation, photoionisation, cosmic ray ionisation and self-shielding. In particular, we implement the first model for H2 self-shielding that is tied locally to moment-based radiative transfer by enhancing photo-destruction. This self-shielding from Lyman-Werner line overlap is critical to H2 formation and gas cooling. We can now track the non-equilibrium evolution of molecular, atomic, and ionised hydrogen species with their corresponding dissociating and ionising photon groups. Over a series of tests we show that our model works well compared to specialised photodissociation region codes. We successfully reproduce the transition depth between molecular and atomic hydrogen, molecular cooling of the gas, and a realistic Strömgren sphere embedded in a molecular medium. In this paper we focus on test cases to demonstrate the validity of our model on small scales. Our ultimate goal is to implement this in large-scale galactic simulations.

PREFACE: 15th International Conference on the Strength of Materials (ICSMA-15)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skrotzki, Werner; Oertel, Carl-Georg; Biermann, Horst; Heilmaier, Martin

2010-04-01

. This is a very good ratio showing that we could attract the young generation. There have been 272 oral and 135 poster presentations. It is our pleasure to thank the members of the International ICSMA Committee for their valuable help, especially for proposing and choosing the 18 plenary speakers. 187 papers were submitted for publication in the proceedings, 167 were accepted after reviewing. We would like to express our thanks to all referees for their efficient and prompt efforts. We acknowledge particularly support from the German Research Society (DFG), the Saxon Ministry for Science and Art and the City of Dresden. We are also grateful for industrial support from PLANSEE Metall GmbH, Goodfellow GmbH, MTS Systems GMB, Nagoya University and IOP Publishing. Finally we thank all members of the Local Organizing Committee, Intercom Dresden and Conwerk / Laboratory Ten for the excellent organization of ICSMA 15 and the very pleasant collaboration. During the conference the International ICSMA Committee decided to convene the next conference in Bangalore, India, in 2012. We wish the organizers of ICSMA 16 great success and look forward to meeting you in Bangalore. Werner Skrotzki (Technische Universität Dresden) Carl-Georg Oertel (Technische Universität Dresden) Horst Biermann (Bergakademie Technische Universität Freiberg) Martin Heilmaier (Technische Universität Darmstadt) Guest Editors Dresden, June 23, 2009 (* Corresponding author; e-mail address: werner.skrotzki@physik.tu-dresden.de)

Tracing the link between plant volatile organic compound emissions and CO2 fluxes and by stable isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Werner, Christiane; Wegener, Frederik; Jardine, Kolby

2015-04-01

fatty acid pathways. Moreover, we found that high VOC emissions were closely related to 13CO2 decarboxylation from pyruvate-1-13C in the light, while mitochondrial respiration mas markedly down-regulated. Moreover, we found that in the dark, VOC emissions dramatically declined while respiration was stimulated with 13CO2 emissions under pyruvate-1-13C exceeding those under pyruvate-2-13C and pyruvate-2,3-13C during light-dark transitions. Our observations suggest VOC emissions are associated with significant pyruvate C1 decarboxylation. Moreover, the data suggests that light fundamentally controls the partitioning of assimilated carbon in leaves by regulating the competition for pyruvate between secondary biosynthetic reactions (e.g. VOC production) and mitochondrial respiration. Our investigation provides novel tool to better understand the mechanistic links between primary and secondary carbon metabolism in plants with important implications for a better understanding biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and VOCs. References 1. Werner C. & Gessler A. (2011) Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms. Biogeosciences 8, 2437-2459 2. Jardine K, Wegener F, Abrell L, vonHaren J, Werner C (2014) Phytogenic biosynthesis and emission of methyl acetate. PCE 37, 414-424.

Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visbal, Eli; Haiman, Zoltán; Bryan, Greg L.

2018-04-01

We have developed a semi-analytic framework to model the large-scale evolution of the first Population III (Pop III) stars and the transition to metal-enriched star formation. Our model follows dark matter haloes from cosmological N-body simulations, utilizing their individual merger histories and three-dimensional positions, and applies physically motivated prescriptions for star formation and feedback from Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation, hydrogen ionizing radiation, and external metal enrichment due to supernovae winds. This method is intended to complement analytic studies, which do not include clustering or individual merger histories, and hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, which include detailed physics, but are computationally expensive and have limited dynamic range. Utilizing this technique, we compute the cumulative Pop III and metal-enriched star formation rate density (SFRD) as a function of redshift at z ≥ 20. We find that varying the model parameters leads to significant qualitative changes in the global star formation history. The Pop III star formation efficiency and the delay time between Pop III and subsequent metal-enriched star formation are found to have the largest impact. The effect of clustering (i.e. including the three-dimensional positions of individual haloes) on various feedback mechanisms is also investigated. The impact of clustering on LW and ionization feedback is found to be relatively mild in our fiducial model, but can be larger if external metal enrichment can promote metal-enriched star formation over large distances.

Application of DNA Machineries for the Barcode Patterned Detection of Genes or Proteins.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhixin; Luo, Guofeng; Wulf, Verena; Willner, Itamar

2018-06-05

The study introduces an analytical platform for the detection of genes or aptamer-ligand complexes by nucleic acid barcode patterns generated by DNA machineries. The DNA machineries consist of nucleic acid scaffolds that include specific recognition sites for the different genes or aptamer-ligand analytes. The binding of the analytes to the scaffolds initiate, in the presence of the nucleotide mixture, a cyclic polymerization/nicking machinery that yields displaced strands of variable lengths. The electrophoretic separation of the resulting strands provides barcode patterns for the specific detection of the different analytes. Mixtures of DNA machineries that yield, upon sensing of different genes (or aptamer ligands), one-, two-, or three-band barcode patterns are described. The combination of nucleic acid scaffolds acting, in the presence of polymerase/nicking enzyme and nucleotide mixture, as DNA machineries, that generate multiband barcode patterns provide an analytical platform for the detection of an individual gene out of many possible genes. The diversity of genes (or other analytes) that can be analyzed by the DNA machineries and the barcode patterned imaging is given by the Pascal's triangle. As a proof-of-concept, the detection of one of six genes, that is, TP53, Werner syndrome, Tay-Sachs normal gene, BRCA1, Tay-Sachs mutant gene, and cystic fibrosis disorder gene by six two-band barcode patterns is demonstrated. The advantages and limitations of the detection of analytes by polymerase/nicking DNA machineries that yield barcode patterns as imaging readout signals are discussed.

Human RECQL5: guarding the crossroads of DNA replication and transcription and providing backup capability.

PubMed

Popuri, Venkateswarlu; Tadokoro, Takashi; Croteau, Deborah L; Bohr, Vilhelm A

2013-01-01

DNA helicases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze unwinding of duplex DNA and function in all metabolic processes in which access to single-stranded DNA is required, including DNA replication, repair, recombination and RNA transcription. RecQ helicases are a conserved family of DNA helicases that display highly specialized and vital roles in the maintenance of genome stability. Mutations in three of the five human RecQ helicases, BLM, WRN and RECQL4 are associated with the genetic disorders Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome that are characterized by chromosomal instability, premature aging and predisposition to cancer. The biological role of human RECQL5 is only partially understood and RECQL5 has not yet been associated with any human disease. Illegitimate recombination and replication stress are hallmarks of human cancers and common instigators for genomic instability and cell death. Recql5 knockout mice are cancer prone and show increased chromosomal instability. Recql5-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts are sensitive to camptothecin and display elevated levels of sister chromatid exchanges. Unlike other human RecQ helicases, RECQL5 is recruited to single-stranded DNA breaks and is also proposed to play an essential role in RNA transcription. Here, we review the established roles of RECQL5 at the cross roads of DNA replication, recombination and transcription, and propose that human RECQL5 provides important backup functions in the absence of other DNA helicases.

Radiative and Kinetic Feedback by Low-Mass Primordial Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whalen, Daniel; Hueckstaedt, Robert M.; McConkie, Thomas O.

2010-03-01

Ionizing UV radiation and supernova (SN) flows amidst clustered minihalos at high redshift regulated the rise of the first stellar populations in the universe. Previous studies have addressed the effects of very massive primordial stars on the collapse of nearby halos into new stars, but the absence of the odd-even nucleosynthetic signature of pair-instability SNe in ancient metal-poor stars suggests that Population III stars may have been less than 100 M sun. We extend our earlier survey of local UV feedback on star formation to 25-80 M sun stars and include kinetic feedback by SNe for 25-40 M sun stars. We find radiative feedback to be relatively uniform over this mass range, primarily because the larger fluxes of more massive stars are offset by their shorter lifetimes. Our models demonstrate that prior to the rise of global UV backgrounds, Lyman-Werner (LW) photons from nearby stars cannot prevent halos from forming new stars. These calculations also reveal that violent dynamical instabilities can erupt in the UV radiation front enveloping a primordial halo, but that they ultimately have no effect on the formation of a star. Finally, our simulations suggest that relic H II regions surrounding partially evaporated halos may expel LW backgrounds at lower redshifts, allowing stars to form that were previously suppressed. We provide fits to radiative and kinetic feedback on star formation for use in both semianalytic models and numerical simulations.

From clocks to cloners: Catalytic transformations under covariant operations and recoverability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marvian, Iman; Lloyd, Seth

There are various physical scenarios in which one can only implement operations with a certain symmetry. Under such restriction, a system in a symmetry-breaking state can be used as a catalyst, e.g. to prepare another system in a desired symmetry-breaking state. This sort of (approximate) catalytic state transformations are relevant in the context of (i) state preparation using a bounded-size quantum clock or reference frame, where the clock or reference frame acts as a catalyst, (ii) quantum thermodynamics, where again a clock can be used as a catalyst to prepare states which contain coherence with respect to the system Hamiltonian, and (iii) cloning of unknown quantum states, where the given copies of state can be interpreted as a catalyst for preparing the new copies. Using a recent result of Fawzi and Renner on approximate recoverability, we show that the achievable accuracy in this kind of catalytic transformations can be determined by a single function, namely the relative entropy of asymmetry, which is equal to the difference between the entropy of state and its symmetrized version: if the desired state transition does not require a large increase of this quantity, then it can be implemented with high fidelity using only symmetric operations. Our lower bound on the achievable fidelity is tight in the case of cloners, and can be achieved using the Petz recovery map, which interestingly turns out to be the optimal cloning map found by Werner.

The eye as a window to rare endocrine disorders

PubMed Central

Chopra, Rupali; Chander, Ashish; Jacob, Jubbin J.

2012-01-01

The human eye, as an organ, can offer critical clues to the diagnosis of various systemic illnesses. Ocular changes are common in various endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus and Graves’ disease. However there exist a large number of lesser known endocrine disorders where ocular involvement is significant. Awareness of these associations is the first step in the diagnosis and management of these complex patients. The rare syndromes involving the pituitary hypothalamic axis with significant ocular involvement include Septo-optic dysplasia, Kallman's syndrome, and Empty Sella syndrome all affecting the optic nerve at the optic chiasa. The syndromes involving the thyroid and parathyroid glands that have ocular manifestations and are rare include Mc Cune Albright syndrome wherein optic nerve decompression may occur due to fibrous dysplasia, primary hyperparathyroidism that may present as red eye due to scleritis and Ascher syndrome wherein ptosis occurs. Allgrove's syndrome, Cushing's disease, and Addison's disease are the rare endocrine syndromes discussed involving the adrenals and eye. Ocular involvement is also seen in gonadal syndromes such as Bardet Biedl, Turner's, Rothmund's, and Klinefelter's syndrome. This review also highlights the ocular manifestation of miscellaneous syndromes such as Werner's, Cockayne's, Wolfram's, Kearns Sayre's, and Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. The knowledge of these relatively uncommon endocrine disorders and their ocular manifestations will help an endocrinologist reach a diagnosis and will alert an ophthalmologist to seek specialty consultation of an endocrinologist when encountered with such cases. PMID:22629495

Direct and indirect roles of RECQL4 in modulating base excision repair capacity

PubMed Central

Schurman, Shepherd H.; Hedayati, Mohammad; Wang, ZhengMing; Singh, Dharmendra K.; Speina, Elzbieta; Zhang, Yongqing; Becker, Kevin; Macris, Margaret; Sung, Patrick; Wilson, David M.; Croteau, Deborah L.; Bohr, Vilhelm A.

2009-01-01

RECQL4 is a human RecQ helicase which is mutated in approximately two-thirds of individuals with Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), a disease characterized at the cellular level by chromosomal instability. BLM and WRN are also human RecQ helicases, which are mutated in Bloom and Werner's syndrome, respectively, and associated with chromosomal instability as well as premature aging. Here we show that primary RTS and RECQL4 siRNA knockdown human fibroblasts accumulate more H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks than control cells, suggesting that RECQL4 may stimulate repair of H2O2-induced DNA damage. RTS primary fibroblasts also accumulate more XRCC1 foci than control cells in response to endogenous or induced oxidative stress and have a high basal level of endogenous formamidopyrimidines. In cells treated with H2O2, RECQL4 co-localizes with APE1, and FEN1, key participants in base excision repair. Biochemical experiments indicate that RECQL4 specifically stimulates the apurinic endonuclease activity of APE1, the DNA strand displacement activity of DNA polymerase β, and incision of a 1- or 10-nucleotide flap DNA substrate by Flap Endonuclease I. Additionally, RTS cells display an upregulation of BER pathway genes and fail to respond like normal cells to oxidative stress. The data herein support a model in which RECQL4 regulates both directly and indirectly base excision repair capacity. PMID:19567405

VizieR Online Data Catalog: A dust model for bet Pic from 0.58 to 870um (Ballering+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ballering, N. P.; Su, K. Y. L.; Rieke, G. H.; Gaspar, A.

2016-08-01

β Pic was imaged with the HST/STIS CCD in coronagraphic (50CORON) mode under program GO-12551 (PI: Apai), and the results of these observations were published in Apai et al. (2015ApJ...800..136A). The instrument bandpass is set by the response of the CCD and centered at 0.58um. We searched the HST archive and found previously unpublished observations of β Pic with the WFC3 instrument in the IR channel (filter F110W at ~1.16um) from program GO-11150 (PI: Graham). The Spitzer/MIPS observations of β Pic were taken under the Spitzer Guaranteed Time Observing Program 90 (PI: M. Werner). The data at all three bands (24, 70, and 160um) are published here for the first time. Two sets of 24um observations were obtained. The first set was obtained on 2004 March 20, the second set of data was obtained on 2004 April 11. Two sets of 70um observations were obtained. The first set was obtained on 2004 April 12. The second set was obtained on 2005 April 4. Herschel/PACS 70um scan map observations of β Pic (PI G. Olofsson, observation IDs 1342186612 and 1342186613) were published by Vandenbussche et al. (2010A&A...518L.133V). We used the ALMA 870um continuum image previously published by Dent et al. (2014Sci...343.1490D). (1 data file).

50 Years of Electronic Check Out and Launch Systems at Kennedy Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Starr, Stanley O.

2007-01-01

When NASA was created in 1958 one of the elements incorporated into this new agency was the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) in Huntsville, AL and its subordinate Missile Firing Laboratory (MFL) in Cape Canaveral. Under NASA, the MFL became the Launch Operations Directorate of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, but expanding operations in the build up to Apollo dictated that it be given the status of a full fledged Center in July, 1 962[ 1]. The next year it was renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KS C) after the president whose vision transformed its first decade of operation. The ABMA was under the technical leadership of Dr. Werner Von Braun. The MEL was run by his deputy Dr. Kurt Debus, an electrical engineer whose experience in the field began in the early days of V-2 testing in war time Germany. In 1952 a group led by Debus arrived in Cape Canaveral to begin test launches of the new Redstone missile [2]. During the 50's, The MFL built several launch complexes and tested the Redstone, Jupiter and Jupiter C missiles. This small experienced team of engineers and technicians formed the seed from which has grown the KSC team of today. This article briefly reviews the evolution of the KSC electronic technologies for integration, check-out and launch of space vehicles and payloads during NASA's first 50 years.

Double uterus with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis: pelvic anatomic variants in 87 cases.

PubMed

Fedele, L; Motta, F; Frontino, G; Restelli, E; Bianchi, S

2013-06-01

What are the anatomic variants (and their frequencies) of double uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis? Most cases examined (72.4%) were of the classic anatomic variant of the Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (with didelphys uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis) but the 27.6% of cases are of a rare variant of the syndrome (with uterus septum or cervical agenesis), showing relevant clinical and surgical implications. The extreme variability of anatomic structures involved in this syndrome (both uterus, cervico-vaginal and renal anomalies) is well known, even if a complete and uniform analysis of all its heterogeneous presentations in a large series is lacking. This is a retrospective study with 87 patients referred to our third level referral center between 1981 and 2011. We analyzed the laparoscopic and chart records of 87 women, who referred to our institute with double uterus, unilateral cervico-vaginal obstruction and ipsilateral renal anomalies. Sixty-three of 87 patients had the more classic variant of didelphys uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 10/87 patients had septate bicollis uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 9/87 patients had bicornuate bicollis uterus with obstructed hemivagina; 4/87 patients had didelphys uterus with unilateral cervical atresia; 1/87 patients had bicornuate uterus with one septate cervix and unilateral obstructed hemivagina. This is a retrospective study with a long enrolling period (30 years). New insights in the anatomic variants of this rare syndrome with their relevant surgical implications.

Persistent Daily Aerosol Nucleation Events at Mountain-Top Location

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallar, A. G.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Lowenthal, D. H.

2009-12-01

Atmospheric aerosols are of great consequence since they can impact climate through direct and indirect forcing, degrade air quality and visibility, and have detrimental effects on human health. Thus, an important phenomenon is atmospheric aerosol formation, the production of nanometer-size particles by nucleation and their growth to detectable sizes. Storm Peak Laboratory (3210 m AMSL), owned and operated by the Desert Research Institute (DRI), is located on the west summit of Mt. Werner in the Park Range near Steamboat Springs in northwestern Colorado. This site has been used in aerosol studies for more than 20 years. Daily nucleation events have been observed Storm Peak Laboratory between 2002 and 2009 with a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) (model 3936) coupled with a TSI model 3022 condensation particle counter (CPC). This instrument was set to measure particles with diameters between 8 and 335 nm. These events were observed during all measurement periods in the spring, summer and winter months. Nucleation was consistently seen in the mid-afternoon each day. This study includes 422 days of data; in 320 of these days nucleation events were observed. Thus, the nucleation events occurred during 76% of the measurement days, including during cloud events, and appear to be associated with elevated levels of ultraviolet radiation. This work will compare and contrast days with and without nucleation events, by investigating the radiation and meteorological conditions present. The results presented will provide further insight to the insitu production of aerosols via nucleation.

SAFE Testing Nuclear Rockets Economically

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howe, Steven D.; Travis, Bryan; Zerkle, David K.

2003-01-01

Several studies over the past few decades have recognized the need for advanced propulsion to explore the solar system. As early as the 1960s, Werner Von Braun and others recognized the need for a nuclear rocket for sending humans to Mars. The great distances, the intense radiation levels, and the physiological response to zero-gravity all supported the concept of using a nuclear rocket to decrease mission time. These same needs have been recognized in later studies, especially in the Space Exploration Initiative in 1989. One of the key questions that has arisen in later studies, however, is the ability to test a nuclear rocket engine in the current societal environment. Unlike the Rover/NERVA programs in the 1960s, the rocket exhaust can no longer be vented to the open atmosphere. As a consequence, previous studies have examined the feasibility of building a large-scale version of the Nuclear Furnace Scrubber that was demonstrated in 1971. We have investigated an alternative that would deposit the rocket exhaust along with any entrained fission products directly into the ground. The Subsurface Active Filtering of Exhaust, or SAFE, concept would allow variable sized engines to be tested for long times at a modest expense. A system overview, results of preliminary calculations, and cost estimates of proof of concept demonstrations are presented. The results indicate that a nuclear rocket could be tested at the Nevada Test Site for under $20 M.

The characteristic black hole mass resulting from direct collapse in the early Universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Latif, M. A.; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Schmidt, W.; Niemeyer, J. C.

2013-12-01

Black holes of a billion solar masses are observed in the infant Universe a few hundred million years after the big bang. The direct collapse of protogalactic gas clouds in primordial haloes with Tvir ≥ 104 K provides the most promising way to assemble massive black holes. In this study, we aim to determine the characteristic mass scale of seed black holes and the time evolution of the accretion rates resulting from the direct collapse model. We explore the formation of supermassive black holes via cosmological large eddy simulations (LES) by employing sink particles and following their evolution for 20 000 yr after the formation of the first sink. As the resulting protostars were shown to have cool atmospheres in the presence of strong accretion, we assume here that UV feedback is negligible during this calculation. We confirm this result in a comparison run without sinks. Our findings show that black hole seeds with characteristic mass of 105 M⊙ are formed in the presence of strong Lyman-Werner flux which leads to an isothermal collapse. The characteristic mass is about two times higher in LES compared to the implicit large eddy simulations. The accretion rates increase with time and reach a maximum value of 10 M⊙ yr-1 after 104 yr. Our results show that the direct collapse model is clearly feasible as it provides the expected mass of the seed black holes.

International scientific cooperation during the 1930s. Bruno Rossi and the development of the status of cosmic rays into a branch of physics.

PubMed

Bonolis, Luisa

2014-07-01

During the 1920s and 1930s, Italian physicists established strong relationships with scientists from other European countries and the United States. The career of Bruno Rossi, a leading personality in the study of cosmic rays and an Italian pioneer of this field of research, provides a prominent example of this kind of international cooperation. Physics underwent major changes during these turbulent years, and the traditional internationalism of physics assumed a more institutionalized character. Against this backdrop, Rossi's early work was crucial in transforming the study of cosmic rays into a branch of modern physics. His friendly relationships with eminent scientists--notably Enrico Fermi, Walther Bothe, Werner Heisenberg, Hans Bethe, and Homi Bhabha--were instrumental both for the exchange of knowledge about experimental practices and theoretical discussions, and for attracting the attention of physicists such as Arthur Compton, Louis Leprince-Ringuet, Pierre Auger and Patrick Blackett to the problem of cosmic rays. Relying on material from different archives in Europe and the United States, this case study aims to provide a glimpse of the intersection between national and international dimensions during the 1930s, at a time when the study of cosmic rays was still very much in its infancy, strongly interlaced with nuclear physics, and full of uncertain, contradictory, and puzzling results. Nevertheless, as a source of high-energy particles it became a proving ground for testing the validity of the laws of quantum electrodynamics, and made a fundamental contribution to the origins of particle physics.

Parareal in time 3D numerical solver for the LWR Benchmark neutron diffusion transient model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baudron, Anne-Marie, E-mail: anne-marie.baudron@cea.fr; CEA-DRN/DMT/SERMA, CEN-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex; Lautard, Jean-Jacques, E-mail: jean-jacques.lautard@cea.fr

2014-12-15

In this paper we present a time-parallel algorithm for the 3D neutrons calculation of a transient model in a nuclear reactor core. The neutrons calculation consists in numerically solving the time dependent diffusion approximation equation, which is a simplified transport equation. The numerical resolution is done with finite elements method based on a tetrahedral meshing of the computational domain, representing the reactor core, and time discretization is achieved using a θ-scheme. The transient model presents moving control rods during the time of the reaction. Therefore, cross-sections (piecewise constants) are taken into account by interpolations with respect to the velocity ofmore » the control rods. The parallelism across the time is achieved by an adequate use of the parareal in time algorithm to the handled problem. This parallel method is a predictor corrector scheme that iteratively combines the use of two kinds of numerical propagators, one coarse and one fine. Our method is made efficient by means of a coarse solver defined with large time step and fixed position control rods model, while the fine propagator is assumed to be a high order numerical approximation of the full model. The parallel implementation of our method provides a good scalability of the algorithm. Numerical results show the efficiency of the parareal method on large light water reactor transient model corresponding to the Langenbuch–Maurer–Werner benchmark.« less

Greenhouse gas emissions and N turnover along an altitudinal gradient at Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gütlein, Adrian; Gerschlauer, Friederike; Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus; Dannenmann, Michael; Meier, Rudolf; Kolar, Alison; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Kiese, Ralf

2016-04-01

Worldwide climate and land-use change force alterations in various ecosystem properties and functions such as diversity and activity of soil microbial communities which are responsible for biogeochemical processes like soil nitrogen (N) turnover and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange. Tropical deforestation is highest in Africa and despite the importance of those ecosystems to global climate and biogeochemical cycles, data for greenhouse gas exchange is still rare (Serca et al., 1994, Werner et al., 2007) and no study regarding N turnover processes has been published yet. For that reason, we focused on seven different land-use types extending along an altitudinal gradient (950 -- 3880m) at Mt. Kilimanjaro, East Africa, covering (semi-) natural savanna, two montane forests and one afro alpine ecosystem, an extensive agroforest (homegarden) and an intensively managed coffee plantation. On all ecosystems we measured CO_2, CH4 and N_2O fluxes and gross rates of ammonification, nitrification, N immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). GHG results reveal pronounced N_2O fluxes depending mainly on soil moisture and to a lesser extent on soil temperature. Emissions are highest during the rainy seasons while lowest at dry season conditions. The largest N_2O emissions are recognizable at Ocotea forest, most likely due to the generally higher SOC/ totN and wetter conditions favoring formation and emission of N_2O via denitrification. Soils of the studied ecosystems were a sink of atmospheric CH

Electronic Excitations of Alkali-Alkaline Earth Diatomic Molecules - Results from AB Initio Calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pototschnig, Johann V.; Krois, Günter; Lackner, Florian; Ernst, Wolfgang E.

2014-06-01

Recently interest in polar diatomic molecules with a magnetic dipole moment has been growing. An example for such molecules is the combination of an alkali metal atom and an alkaline earth metal atom. These systems are quite small, containing only three valence electrons. Nevertheless calculations of excited states are challenging. Ab initio calculations for two sample systems, LiCa and RbSr, will be presented. The potential energy curves and transition dipole moments for the ground state and several excited states were determined, up to 25000 wn for LiCa and up to 22000 wn for RbSr. Multireference configuration interaction calculations (MRCI) based on complete active space self-consistent field wave functions (CASSCF) were used to determine the properties of the system as implemented in the MOLPRO software package. Effective core potentials (ECPs) and core polarization potentials (CCPs) were applied to reduce the computational effort, while retaining accuracy. The similarities and differences of the two systems will be discussed. In both systems the accurate description of the asymptotic values of the PECs corresponding to atomic D-states proved to be difficult. The results will be compared to recent experiments, showing that a combination of theory and experiment gives a reliable description of the systems. G. Krois, J.V. Pototschnig, F. Lackner and W.E. Ernst, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 13719-13731 (2013) H.-J. Werner and P. J. Knowles and G. Knizia and F. R. Manby and M. {Schütz} et al., MOLPRO, version 2010.1, see http://www.molpro.net/

Rise of the First Super-Massive Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Regan, John A.; Downes, Turlough P.

2018-05-01

We use high resolution adaptive mesh refinement simulations to model the formation of massive metal-free stars in the early Universe. By applying Lyman-Werner (LW) backgrounds of 100 J21 and 1000 J21 respectively we construct environments conducive to the formation of massive stars. We find that only in the case of the higher LW backgrounds are super-critical accretion rates realised that are necessary for super-massive star (SMS) formation. Mild fragmentation is observed for both backgrounds. Violent dynamical interactions between the stars that form in the more massive halo formed (1000 J21 background) results in the eventual expulsion of the two most massive stars from the halo. In the smaller mass halo (100 J21 background) mergers of stars occur before any multibody interactions and a single massive Pop III star is left at the centre of the halo at the end of our simulation. Feedback from the very massive Pop III stars is not effective in generating a large HII region with ionising photons absorbed within a few thousand AU of the star. In all cases a massive black hole seed is the expected final fate of the most massive objects. The seed of the massive Pop III star which remained at the centre of the less massive halo experiences steady accretion rates of almost 10-2M_{⊙}/yr and if these rates continue could potentially experience super-Eddington accretion rates in the immediate aftermath of collapsing into a black hole.

The Supernova that Destroyed a Protogalaxy: Prompt Chemical Enrichment and Supermassive Black Hole Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whalen, Daniel J.; Johnson, Jarrett L.; Smidt, Joseph; Meiksin, Avery; Heger, Alexander; Even, Wesley; Fryer, Chris L.

2013-09-01

The first primitive galaxies formed from accretion and mergers by z ~ 15, and were primarily responsible for cosmological reionization and the chemical enrichment of the early cosmos. But a few of these galaxies may have formed in the presence of strong Lyman-Werner UV fluxes that sterilized them of H2, preventing them from forming stars or expelling heavy elements into the intergalactic medium prior to assembly. At masses of 108 M ⊙ and virial temperatures of 104 K, these halos began to rapidly cool by atomic lines, perhaps forming 104-106 M ⊙ Pop III stars and, later, the seeds of supermassive black holes. We have modeled the explosion of a supermassive Pop III star in the dense core of a line-cooled protogalaxy with the ZEUS-MP code. We find that the supernova (SN) expands to a radius of ~1 kpc, briefly engulfing the entire galaxy, but then collapses back into the potential well of the dark matter. Fallback fully mixes the interior of the protogalaxy with metals, igniting a violent starburst and fueling the rapid growth of a massive black hole at its center. The starburst would populate the protogalaxy with stars in greater numbers and at higher metallicities than in more slowly evolving, nearby halos. The SN remnant becomes a strong synchrotron source that can be observed with eVLA and eMERLIN and has a unique signature that easily distinguishes it from less energetic SN remnants. Such explosions, and their attendant starbursts, may well have marked the birthplaces of supermassive black holes on the sky.

Different non-synonymous polymorphisms modulate the interaction of the WRN protein to its protein partners and its enzymatic activities

PubMed Central

Gagné, Jean-Philippe; Lachapelle, Sophie; Garand, Chantal; Tsofack, Serges P.; Coulombe, Yan; Caron, Marie-Christine; Poirier, Guy G.; Masson, Jean-Yves; Lebel, Michel

2016-01-01

Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies including cancer. The protein defective in WS patients (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease involved in DNA replication and repair. Here, we present the results of a large-scale proteome analysis that has been undertaken to determine protein partners of different polymorphic WRN proteins found with relatively high prevalence in the human population. We expressed different fluorescently tagged-WRN (eYFP-WRN) variants in human 293 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and used a combination of affinity-purification and mass spectrometry to identify different compositions of WRN-associated protein complexes. We found that a WRN variant containing a phenylalanine residue at position 1074 and an arginine at position 1367 (eYFP-WRN(F-R)) possesses more affinity for DNA-PKc, KU86, KU70, and PARP1 than a variant containing a leucine at position 1074 and a cysteine at position 1367 (eYFP-WRN(L-C)). Such results were confirmed in a WRN-deficient background using WS fibroblasts. Interestingly, the exonuclase activity of WRN recovered from immunoprecipitated eYFP-WRN(L-C) variant was lower than the eYFP-WRN(F-R) in WS cells. Finally, HEK293 cells and WS fibroblasts overexpressing the eYFP-WRN(F-R) variant were more resistant to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone than cells expressing the eYFP-WRN(L-C) variant. These results indicate that the protein-protein interaction landscape of WRN is subject to modulation by polymorphic amino acids, a characteristic associated with distinctive cell survival outcome. PMID:27863399

Intelligent Extruder

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

AlperEker; Mark Giammattia; Paul Houpt

''Intelligent Extruder'' described in this report is a software system and associated support services for monitoring and control of compounding extruders to improve material quality, reduce waste and energy use, with minimal addition of new sensors or changes to the factory floor system components. Emphasis is on process improvements to the mixing, melting and de-volatilization of base resins, fillers, pigments, fire retardants and other additives in the :finishing'' stage of high value added engineering polymer materials. While GE Plastics materials were used for experimental studies throughout the program, the concepts and principles are broadly applicable to other manufacturers materials. Themore » project involved a joint collaboration among GE Global Research, GE Industrial Systems and Coperion Werner & Pleiderer, USA, a major manufacturer of compounding equipment. Scope of the program included development of a algorithms for monitoring process material viscosity without rheological sensors or generating waste streams, a novel detection scheme for rapid detection of process upsets and an adaptive feedback control system to compensate for process upsets where at line adjustments are feasible. Software algorithms were implemented and tested on a laboratory scale extruder (50 lb/hr) at GE Global Research and data from a production scale system (2000 lb/hr) at GE Plastics was used to validate the monitoring and detection software. Although not evaluated experimentally, a new concept for extruder process monitoring through estimation of high frequency drive torque without strain gauges is developed and demonstrated in simulation. A plan to commercialize the software system is outlined, but commercialization has not been completed.« less

Localization and Entanglement in Relativistic Quantum Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yngvason, Jakob

These notes are a slightly expanded version of a lecture presented in February 2012 at the workshop "The Message of Quantum Science—Attempts Towards a Synthesis" held at the ZIF in Bielefeld. The participants were physicists with a wide range of different expertise and interests. The lecture was intended as a survey of a small selection of the insights into the structure of relativistic quantum physics that have accumulated through the efforts of many people over more than 50 years. (Including, among many others, R. Haag, H. Araki, D. Kastler, H.-J. Borchers, A. Wightman, R. Streater, B. Schroer, H. Reeh, S. Schlieder, S. Doplicher, J. Roberts, R. Jost, K. Hepp, J. Fröhlich, J. Glimm, A. Jaffe, J. Bisognano, E. Wichmann, D. Buchholz, K. Fredenhagen, R. Longo, D. Guido, R. Brunetti, J. Mund, S. Summers, R. Werner, H. Narnhofer, R. Verch, G. Lechner, ….) This contribution discusses some facts about relativistic quantum physics, most of which are quite familiar to practitioners of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory (AQFT) [Also known as Local Quantum Physics (Haag, Local quantum physics. Springer, Berlin, 1992).] but less well known outside this community. No claim of originality is made; the goal of this contribution is merely to present these facts in a simple and concise manner, focusing on the following issues: Explaining how quantum mechanics (QM) combined with (special) relativity, in particular an upper bound on the propagation velocity of effects, leads naturally to systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom (relativistic quantum fields).

Ballistic parameters and trauma potential of pistol crossbows.

PubMed

Frank, Matthias; Schikorr, Wolfgang; Tesch, Ralf; Werner, Ronald; Hanisch, Steffen; Peters, Dieter; Ekkernkamp, Axel; Bockholdt, Britta; Seifert, Julia

2013-07-01

Hand-held pistol crossbows, which are smaller versions of conventional crossbows, have recently increased in popularity. Similar to conventional crossbows, life threatening injuries due to bolts discharged from pistol crossbows are reported in forensic and traumatological literature. While the ballistic background of conventional crossbows is comprehensively investigated, there are no investigations on the characteristic ballistic parameters (draw force, potential energy, recurve factor, kinetic energy, and efficiency) of pistol crossbows. Two hand-held pistol crossbows (Barnett Commando and Mini Cross Bow, rated draw force 362.9 N or 80 lbs) were tested. The maximum draw force was investigated using a dynamic tensile testing machine (TIRAtest 2705, TIRA GmbH). The potential energy was determined graphically by polynomial regression as area under the force-draw curve. External ballistic parameters of the bolts discharged from pistol crossbows were measured using a redundant ballistic speed measurement system (Dual-BMC 21a and Dual-LS 1000, Werner Mehl Kurzzeitmesstechnik). The average maximum draw force was 190.3 and 175.6 N for the Barnett and Mini Cross Bow, respectively. The corresponding total energy expended was 10.7 and 11 J, respectively. The recurve factor was calculated to be 0.705 and 1.044, respectively. Average bolt velocity was measured 43 up to 52 m/s. The efficiency was calculated up to 0.94. To conclude, this work provides the pending ballistic data on this special subgroup of crossbows which operate on a remarkable low kinetic energy level. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the nominal draw force pretended in the sales brochure is grossly exaggerated.

Analysis of molecular hydrogen absorption toward QSO B0642–5038 for a varying proton-to-electron mass ratio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bagdonaite, J.; Ubachs, W.; Murphy, M. T.

2014-02-10

Rovibronic molecular hydrogen (H{sub 2}) transitions at redshift z {sub abs} ≅ 2.659 toward the background quasar B0642–5038 are examined for a possible cosmological variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ. We utilize an archival spectrum from the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼35 per 2.5 km s{sup –1} pixel at the observed H{sub 2} wavelengths (335-410 nm). Some 111 H{sub 2} transitions in the Lyman and Werner bands have been identified in the damped Lyα system for which a kinetic gas temperature of ∼84 K and a molecular fraction log fmore » = –2.18 ± 0.08 are determined. The H{sub 2} absorption lines are included in a comprehensive fitting method, which allows us to extract a constraint on a variation of the proton-electron mass ratio Δμ/μ from all transitions at once. We obtain Δμ/μ = (17.1 ± 4.5{sub stat} ± 3.7{sub sys}) × 10{sup –6}. However, we find evidence that this measurement has been affected by wavelength miscalibration errors recently identified in UVES. A correction based on observations of objects with solar-like spectra gives a smaller Δμ/μ value and contributes to a larger systematic uncertainty: Δμ/μ = (12.7 ± 4.5{sub stat} ± 4.2{sub sys}) × 10{sup –6}.« less

THE BIGGEST EXPLOSIONS IN THE UNIVERSE. II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Whalen, Daniel J.; Smidt, Joseph; Johnson, Jarrett L.

2013-11-10

One of the leading contenders for the origin of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at z ∼> 7 is catastrophic baryon collapse in atomically cooled halos at z ∼ 15. In this scenario, a few protogalaxies form in the presence of strong Lyman-Werner UV backgrounds that quench H{sub 2} formation in their constituent halos, preventing them from forming stars or blowing heavy elements into the intergalactic medium prior to formation. At masses of 10{sup 8} M{sub ☉} and virial temperatures of 10{sup 4} K, gas in these halos rapidly cools by H lines, in some cases forming 10{sup 4}-10{sup 6} M{submore » ☉} Population III stars and, a short time later, the seeds of SMBHs. Instead of collapsing directly to black holes (BHs), some of these stars died in the most energetic thermonuclear explosions in the universe. We have modeled the explosions of such stars in the dense cores of line-cooled protogalaxies in the presence of cosmological flows. In stark contrast to the explosions in diffuse regions in previous simulations, these supernovae briefly engulf the protogalaxy, but then collapse back into its dark matter potential. Fallback drives turbulence that efficiently distributes metals throughout the interior of the halo and fuels the rapid growth of nascent BHs at its center. The accompanying starburst and X-ray emission from these line-cooled galaxies easily distinguish them from more slowly evolving neighbors and might reveal the birthplaces of SMBHs on the sky.« less

Research Opportunities at Storm Peak Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallar, A. G.; McCubbin, I. B.

2006-12-01

The Desert Research Institute (DRI) operates a high elevation facility, Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL), located on the west summit of Mt. Werner in the Park Range near Steamboat Springs, Colorado at an elevation of 3210 m MSL (Borys and Wetzel, 1997). SPL provides an ideal location for long-term research on the interactions of atmospheric aerosol and gas- phase chemistry with cloud and natural radiation environments. The ridge-top location produces almost daily transition from free tropospheric to boundary layer air which occurs near midday in both summer and winter seasons. Long-term observations at SPL document the role of orographically induced mixing and convection on vertical pollutant transport and dispersion. During winter, SPL is above cloud base 25% of the time, providing a unique capability for studying aerosol-cloud interactions (Borys and Wetzel, 1997). A comprehensive set of continuous aerosol measurements was initiated at SPL in 2002. SPL includes an office-type laboratory room for computer and instrumentation setup with outside air ports and cable access to the roof deck, a cold room for precipitation and cloud rime ice sample handling and ice crystal microphotography, a 150 m2 roof deck area for outside sampling equipment, a full kitchen and two bunk rooms with sleeping space for nine persons. The laboratory is currently well equipped for aerosol and cloud measurements. Particles are sampled from an insulated, 15 cm diameter manifold within approximately 1 m of its horizontal entry point through an outside wall. The 4 m high vertical section outside the building is capped with an inverted can to exclude large particles.

Joint experimental and computational 17O solid state NMR study of Brownmillerite Ba2In2O5.

PubMed

Dervişoğlu, Rıza; Middlemiss, Derek S; Blanc, Frédéric; Holmes, Lesley A; Lee, Yueh-Lin; Morgan, Dane; Grey, Clare P

2014-02-14

Structural characterization of Brownmillerite Ba2In2O5 was achieved by an approach combining experimental solid-state NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) energetics, and GIPAW NMR calculations. While in the previous study of Ba2In2O5 by Adler et al. (S. B. Adler, J. A. Reimer, J. Baltisberger and U. Werner, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 675-681), three oxygen resonances were observed in the (17)O NMR spectra and assigned to the three crystallographically unique O sites, the present high resolution (17)O NMR measurements under magic angle spinning (MAS) find only two resonances. The resonances have been assigned using first principles (17)O GIPAW NMR calculations to the combination of the O ions connecting the InO4 tetrahedra and the O ions in equatorial sites in octahedral InO6 coordination, and to the axial O ions linking the four- and six-fold coordinated In(3+) ions. Possible structural disorder was investigated in two ways: firstly, by inclusion of the high-energy structure also previously studied by Mohn et al. (C. E. Mohn, N. L. Allan, C. L. Freeman, P. Ravindran and S. Stølen, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178, 346-355), where the structural O vacancies are stacked rather than staggered as in Brownmillerite and, secondly, by exploring structures derived from the ground-state structure but with randomly perturbed atomic positions. There is no noticeable NMR evidence for any substantial occupancy of the high-energy structure at room temperature.

Emotion Regulation in Alcohol Dependence.

PubMed

Petit, Géraldine; Luminet, Olivier; Maurage, François; Tecco, Juan; Lechantre, Stéphane; Ferauge, Marc; Gross, James J; de Timary, Philippe

2015-12-01

The main aim of this study was to investigate, in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients, the use of the 5 emotion regulation strategies specified in Gross's (1998, Rev Gen Psychol, 2, 271) process model of emotion regulation with the use of a semi-structured interview allowing a detailed and high-quality assessment of emotion regulation strategies. A secondary aim was to examine the possible influence of protracted abstinence and detoxification on emotion dysregulation. Finally, the association between the level of craving and the types of regulation strategies was investigated. Forty-four treatment-seeking AD patients with varying time spent in rehabilitation, and 26 healthy controls were interviewed using a version of the Emotion Regulation Interview (Werner et al., 2011, J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 33, 346) adapted to alcohol dependence. Compared to controls, AD patients reported significantly greater use of response modulation and attentional deployment, but lesser use of cognitive change. Among patients, (1) rehabilitation duration was positively correlated with the use of cognitive change and (2) the use of response modulation was positively associated with the level of craving. These findings clarify the specific pattern of emotion dysregulation associated with alcohol dependence. They also suggest that (1) abstinence is associated with a shift toward more adaptive emotion regulation patterns and that (2) inefficient regulation strategies may lead to craving and the maintenance of alcohol use. If these findings are confirmed through longitudinal and mediation designs, they will have important clinical implications. Copyright © 2015 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

High-Pressure Systems Suppress Fires in Seconds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2012-01-01

Much deserved attention is given to the feats of innovation that allow humans to live in space and robotic explorers to beam never-before-seen images back to Earth. In the background of these accomplishments is a technology that makes it all possible the rockets that propel NASA s space exploration efforts skyward. Marshall Space Flight Center has been at the heart of the Agency s rocketry and spacecraft propulsion efforts since its founding in 1960. Located at the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama, the Center has a legacy of success stretching back to the Saturn rockets that carried the Apollo astronauts into space. Even before Marshall was established, Redstone was the site of significant advances in American rocketry under the guidance of famous rocket engineer Werner Von Braun; these included the Juno I rocket that successfully carried the United States first satellite, Explorer 1, into orbit in 1958. And from the first orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia through the final flights of the shuttle program this year, these vehicles have been enabled by the solid rocket boosters, external tank, and orbiter main engines created at Marshall. Today, Marshall continues to host innovation in rocket and spacecraft propulsion at state-of-the-art facilities such as the Propulsion Research Laboratory. Like many of its past successes, some of the Center s current advancements are being made with the help of private industry partners. The efforts have led not only to new propulsion technologies, but to terrestrial benefits in a seemingly unrelated field in this case, firefighting.

Sirtuins in dermatology: applications for future research and therapeutics.

PubMed

Serravallo, Melissa; Jagdeo, Jared; Glick, Sharon A; Siegel, Daniel M; Brody, Neil I

2013-05-01

Sirtuins are a family of seven proteins in humans (SIRT1-SIRT7) that are involved in multiple cellular processes relevant to dermatology. The role of sirtuins in other organ systems is established. However, the importance of these proteins in dermatology is less defined. Recently, sirtuins gained international attention because of their role as "longevity proteins" that may extend and enhance human life. Sirtuins function in the cell via histone deacetylase and/or adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase enzymatic activity that target histone and non-histone substrates, including transcription regulators, tumor suppressors, structural proteins, DNA repair proteins, cell signaling proteins, transport proteins, and enzymes. Sirtuins are involved in cellular pathways related to skin structure and function, including aging, ultraviolet-induced photoaging, inflammation, epigenetics, cancer, and a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle, DNA repair and proliferation. This review highlights sirtuin-related cellular pathways, therapeutics and pharmacological targets in atopic dermatitis, bullous dermatoses, collagen vascular disorders, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypertrophic and keloid scars, cutaneous infections, and non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. Also discussed is the role of sirtuins in the following genodermatoses: ataxia telangiectasia, Cowden's syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, Rubenstein-Taybi, Werner syndrome, and xeroderma pigmentosum. The pathophysiology of these inherited diseases is not well understood, and sirtuin-related processes represent potential therapeutic targets for diseases lacking suitable alternative treatments. The goal of this review is to bring attention to the dermatology community, physicians, and scientists, the importance of sirtuins in dermatology and provide a foundation and impetus for future discussion, research and pharmacologic discovery.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aykutalp, Aycin; Wise, John H.; Spaans, Marco

In the last decade, the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) has been intricately linked to galaxy formation and evolution and is a key ingredient in the assembly of galaxies. To investigate the origin of SMBHs, we perform cosmological simulations that target the direct collapse black hole seed formation scenario in the presence of two different strong Lyman-Werner (LW) background fields. These simulations include the X-ray irradiation from a central massive black hole (MBH), H{sub 2} self-shielding, and stellar feedback from metal-free and metal-enriched stars. We find in both simulations that local X-ray feedback induces metal-free star formation ∼0.5 Myrmore » after the MBH forms. The MBH accretion rate reaches a maximum of 10{sup –3} M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1} in both simulations. However, the duty cycle differs and is derived to be 6% and 50% for the high and low LW cases, respectively. The MBH in the high LW case grows only ∼6% in 100 Myr compared to 16% in the low LW case. We find that the maximum accretion rate is determined by the local gas thermodynamics, whereas the duty cycle is determined by the large-scale gas dynamics and gas reservoir. We conclude that radiative feedback from the central MBH plays an important role in star formation in the nuclear regions and stifling initial MBH growth relative to the typical Eddington rate argument, and that initial MBH growth might be affected by the local LW radiation field.« less

Low-energy effective Hamiltonians for correlated electron systems beyond density functional theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirayama, Motoaki; Miyake, Takashi; Imada, Masatoshi; Biermann, Silke

2017-08-01

We propose a refined scheme of deriving an effective low-energy Hamiltonian for materials with strong electronic Coulomb correlations beyond density functional theory (DFT). By tracing out the electronic states away from the target degrees of freedom in a controlled way by a perturbative scheme, we construct an effective Hamiltonian for a restricted low-energy target space incorporating the effects of high-energy degrees of freedom in an effective manner. The resulting effective Hamiltonian can afterwards be solved by accurate many-body solvers. We improve this "multiscale ab initio scheme for correlated electrons" (MACE) primarily in two directions by elaborating and combining two frameworks developed by Hirayama et al. [M. Hirayama, T. Miyake, and M. Imada, Phys. Rev. B 87, 195144 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.195144] and Casula et al. [M. Casula, P. Werner, L. Vaugier, F. Aryasetiawan, T. Miyake, A. J. Millis, and S. Biermann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 126408 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.126408]: (1) Double counting of electronic correlations between the DFT and the low-energy solver is avoided by using the constrained G W scheme; and (2) the frequency dependent interactions emerging from the partial trace summation are successfully separated into a nonlocal part that is treated following ideas by Hirayama et al. and a local part treated nonperturbatively in the spirit of Casula et al. and are incorporated into the renormalization of the low-energy dispersion. The scheme is favorably tested on the example of SrVO3.

Deposing the Cool Corona of KPD 0005+5106

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drake, Jeremy J.; Werner, Klaus

2005-06-01

The ROSAT PSPC pulse-height spectrum of the peculiar He-rich hot white dwarf KPD 0005+5106 provided a great surprise when first analyzed by Fleming, Werner, & Barstow. It defied the best non-LTE modeling attempts in terms of photospheric emission from He-dominated atmospheres including C, N, and O and was instead interpreted as the first evidence for a coronal plasma around a white dwarf. We show here that a recent high-resolution Chandra LETGS spectrum has more structure than expected from a thermal bremsstrahlung continuum and lacks the narrow lines of H-like and He-like C expected from a coronal plasma. Moreover, a coronal model requires a total luminosity more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the star itself. Instead, the observed 20-80 Å flux is consistent with photospheric models containing trace amounts of heavier elements such as Fe. The soft X-ray flux is highly sensitive to the adopted metal abundance and provides a metal abundance diagnostic. The weak X-ray emission at 1 keV announced by O'Dwyer and coworkers instead cannot arise from the photosphere and requires alternative explanations. We echo earlier speculation that such emission arises in a shocked wind. Despite the presence of UV-optical O VIII lines from transitions between levels n=7 and 10, no X-ray O VIII Lyα flux is detected. We show that O VIII Lyman photons can be trapped by resonant scattering within the emitting plasma and destroyed by photoelectric absorption.

Spectral Gaps from Ordered to Disordered Systems.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindner, John Florian

As is well known, the allowed energies of periodic electronic systems and the allowed frequencies of periodic elastic systems form banded sets (at least for certain idealized models). Recent work, by Werner Kirsch and others, demonstrates that this band-gap structure persists in disordered versions of these periodic systems. Here, I extend this result by showing that for specific "point" interactions, the spectrum of a generic disordered system is the union of the spectra of all possible pure systems formed from it. This permits the explicit construction of these spectral sets. This result is the outgrowth of a perspective I call "growing disorder." The idea is to evolve, or "grow," an ordered array (whose spectrum is known) into a disordered array (whose spectrum is sought). The trick is to evolve the spectrum along with it. The approach is very visual, lends itself readily to graphical presentation, and accounts in part for the unconventional but appropriate look of this thesis. The unconventional style also reflects an attempt to make the material easily accessible to a physics audience. It is inspired by the way in which physicists informally communicate ideas, namely, with words and pictures in front of a blackboard. Each page, or set of facing pages, of text and graphics is a unit to be assimilated before proceeding onto the next unit. There is, thus, no unique path through the thesis. An intuitive and straightforward approach, constructive proofs, an informal style, and some ingenuity simply communicate the ideas herein. However, the condensation inherent in the graphical presentation demands significant reader engagement!.

Spectral gaps from ordered to disordered systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindner, John Florian

As is well known, the allowed energies of periodic electronic systems and the allowed frequencies of periodic elastic systems form banded sets (at least for certain idealized models). Recent work, by Werner Kirsch and others, demonstrates that this band-gap structure persists in disordered versions of these periodic systems. Here, I extend this result by showing that for specific "point" interactions, the spectrum of a generic disordered system is the union of the spectra of all possible pure systems formed from it. This permits the explicit construction of these spectral sets.This result is the outgrowth of a perspective I call "growing disorder." The idea is to evolve, or "grow," an ordered array (whose spectrum is known) into a disordered array (whose spectrum is sought). The trick is to evolve the spectrum along with it. The approach is very visual, lends itself readily to graphical presentation, and accounts in part for the unconventional but appropriate look of this thesis.The unconventional style also reflects an attempt to make the material easily accessible to a physics audience. It is inspired by the way in which physicists informally communicate ideas, namely, with words and picture in front of a blackboard. Each page, or set of text and graphics is a unit to be assimilated before proceeding onto the next unit. There is thus no unique path through the thesis.An intuitive and straightforward approach, constructive proofs, an informal style, and some ingenuity simply communicate the ideas herein. However, the condensation inherent in the graphical presentation demands significant reader engagement!

Physical and functional interactions of Caenorhabditis elegans WRN-1 helicase with RPA-1.

PubMed

Hyun, Moonjung; Park, Sojin; Kim, Eunsun; Kim, Do-Hyung; Lee, Se-Jin; Koo, Hyeon-Sook; Seo, Yeon-Soo; Ahn, Byungchan

2012-02-21

The Caenorhabditis elegans Werner syndrome protein, WRN-1, a member of the RecQ helicase family, has a 3'-5' DNA helicase activity. Worms with defective wrn-1 exhibit premature aging phenotypes and an increased level of genome instability. In response to DNA damage, WRN-1 participates in the initial stages of checkpoint activation in concert with C. elegans replication protein A (RPA-1). WRN-1 helicase is stimulated by RPA-1 on long DNA duplex substrates. However, the mechanism by which RPA-1 stimulates DNA unwinding and the function of the WRN-1-RPA-1 interaction are not clearly understood. We have found that WRN-1 physically interacts with two RPA-1 subunits, CeRPA73 and CeRPA32; however, full-length WRN-1 helicase activity is stimulated by only the CeRPA73 subunit, while the WRN-1(162-1056) fragment that harbors the helicase activity requires both the CeRPA73 and CeRPA32 subunits for the stimulation. We also found that the CeRPA73(1-464) fragment can stimulate WRN-1 helicase activity and that residues 335-464 of CeRPA73 are important for physical interaction with WRN-1. Because CeRPA73 and the CeRPA73(1-464) fragment are able to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), the stimulation of WRN-1 helicase by RPA-1 is most likely due to the ssDNA binding activity of CeRPA73 and the direct interaction of WRN-1 and CeRPA73.

Improvement of aortic valve stenosis by ApoA-I mimetic therapy is associated with decreased aortic root and valve remodelling in mice

PubMed Central

Trapeaux, J; Busseuil, D; Shi, Y; Nobari, S; Shustik, D; Mecteau, M; El-Hamamsy, I; Lebel, M; Mongrain, R; Rhéaume, E; Tardif, J-C

2013-01-01

Background and Purpose We have shown that infusions of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide induced regression of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) in rabbits. This study aimed at determining the effects of ApoA-I mimetic therapy in mice with calcific or fibrotic AVS. Experimental Approach Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and mice with Werner progeria gene deletion (WrnΔhel/Δhel) received high-fat diets for 20 weeks. After developing AVS, mice were randomized to receive saline (placebo group) or ApoA-I mimetic peptide infusions (ApoA-I treated groups, 100 mg·kg−1 for ApoE−/− mice; 50 mg·kg−1 for Wrn mice), three times per week for 4 weeks. We evaluated effects on AVS using serial echocardiograms and valve histology. Key Results Aortic valve area (AVA) increased in both ApoE−/− and Wrn mice treated with the ApoA-I mimetic compared with placebo. Maximal sinus wall thickness was lower in ApoA-I treated ApoE−/− mice. The type I/III collagen ratio was lower in the sinus wall of ApoA-I treated ApoE−/− mice compared with placebo. Total collagen content was reduced in aortic valves of ApoA-I treated Wrn mice. Our 3D computer model and numerical simulations confirmed that the reduction in aortic root wall thickness resulted in improved AVA. Conclusions and Implications ApoA-I mimetic treatment reduced AVS by decreasing remodelling and fibrosis of the aortic root and valve in mice. PMID:23638718