Perceptions, practices and health seeking behaviour constrain JE/AES interventions in high endemic district of North India.

PubMed

Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Sharma, Neha; Kakkar, Manish

2017-08-08

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) stay as poorly understood phenomena in India. Multiple linkages to determinants such as poverty, socio-economic status, gender, environment, and population distribution, make it a greater developmental issue than just a zoonotic disease. A qualitative study was conducted to map knowledge, perceptions and practices of community and health systems level stakeholders. Seventeen interviews with utilizers of AES care, care givers from human and veterinary sectors, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), and pig owners and 4 Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) with farmers, community leaders, and students were conducted in an endemic north Indian district-Kushinagar. Core themes that emerged were: JE/AES been perceived as a deadly disease, but not a major health problem; filthy conditions, filthy water and mosquitoes seen to be associated with JE/AES; pigs not seen as a source of infection; minimal role of government health workers in the first-contact care of acute Illness; no social or cultural resistance to JE vaccination or mosquito control; no gender-based discrimination in the care of acute Illness; and non-utilization of funds available with local self govt. Serious challenges and systematic failures in delivery of care during acute illness, which can critically inform the health systems, were also identified. There is an urgent need for promotive interventions to address lack of awareness about the drivers of JE/AES. Delivery of care during acute illness suffers with formidable challenges and systematic failures. A large portion of mortality can be prevented by early institution of rational management at primary and secondary level, and by avoiding wastage of time and resources for investigations and medications that are not actually required.

Immunogenicity of One Dose of Vero Cell Culture-Derived Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine in Adults Previously Vaccinated with Mouse Brain-Derived JE Vaccine

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-06

redness, pain, and swelling) and five systemic symp- toms ( fever , headache, rash, vomiting or diarrhea, and muscle aches) on each of the 4 days following...counts between the two cohorts defined by previous JE vaccine status. b Other vaccines received included influenza (n = 5 subjects), typhoid (n = 2...subjects), typhoid (n = 3), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and typhoid (n = 2), anthrax and typhoid (n = 1), and hepatitis A and hepatitis B (n = 1). d For dose

A randomized study of the immunogenicity and safety of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in comparison with SA14-14-2 vaccine in children in the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Dong Soo; Houillon, Guy; Jang, Gwang Cheon; Cha, Sung-Ho; Choi, Soo-Han; Lee, Jin; Kim, Hwang Min; Kim, Ji Hong; Kang, Jin Han; Kim, Jong-Hyun; Kim, Ki Hwan; Kim, Hee Soo; Bang, Joon; Naimi, Zulaikha; Bosch-Castells, Valérie; Boaz, Mark; Bouckenooghe, Alain

2014-01-01

A new live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) has been developed based on innovative technology to give protection against JE with an improved immunogenicity and safety profile. In this phase 3, observer-blind study, 274 children aged 12-24 months were randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of JE-CV (Group JE-CV) or the SA14-14-2 vaccine currently used to vaccinate against JE in the Republic of Korea (Group SA14-14-2). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed using PRNT50 before and 28 days after vaccination. The primary endpoint of non-inferiority of seroconversion rates on D28 was demonstrated in the Per Protocol analysis set as the difference between Group JE-CV and Group SA14-14-2 was 0.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.35; 4.68), which was above the required -10%. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates 28 days after administration of a single vaccine dose were 100% in Group JE-CV and 99.1% in Group SA14-14-2; all children except one (Group SA14-14-2) were seroprotected. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased in both groups from D0 to D28; GM of titer ratios were slightly higher in Group JE-CV (182 [95% CI: 131; 251]) than Group SA14-14-2 (116 [95% CI: 85.5, 157]). A single dose of JE-CV was well tolerated and no safety concerns were identified. In conclusion, a single dose of JE-CV or SA14-14-2 vaccine elicited a comparable immune response with a good safety profile. Results obtained in healthy Korean children aged 12-24 months vaccinated with JE-CV are consistent with those obtained in previous studies conducted with JE-CV in toddlers.

Prediction of Turbulence-Generated Noise in Unheated Jets. Part 2; JeNo Users' Manual (Version 1.0)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khavaran, Abbas; Wolter, John D.; Koch, L. Danielle

2009-01-01

JeNo (Version 1.0) is a Fortran90 computer code that calculates the far-field sound spectral density produced by axisymmetric, unheated jets at a user specified observer location and frequency range. The user must provide a structured computational grid and a mean flow solution from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) code as input. Turbulence kinetic energy and its dissipation rate from a k-epsilon or k-omega turbulence model must also be provided. JeNo is a research code, and as such, its development is ongoing. The goal is to create a code that is able to accurately compute far-field sound pressure levels for jets at all observer angles and all operating conditions. In order to achieve this goal, current theories must be combined with the best practices in numerical modeling, all of which must be validated by experiment. Since the acoustic predictions from JeNo are based on the mean flow solutions from a RANS code, quality predictions depend on accurate aerodynamic input.This is why acoustic source modeling, turbulence modeling, together with the development of advanced measurement systems are the leading areas of research in jet noise research at NASA Glenn Research Center.

[Study on material basis of essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription on activating blood circulation].

PubMed

Wang, Yuan-Qing; Yan, Jian-Ye; Gong, Li-Min; Luo, Kun; Li, Shun-Xiang; Yang, Yan-Tao; Xie, Yu

2014-08-01

To explore the component difference of the serum containing essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription in pathologic and physiologic rat models, and to reveal the material basis of its efficacy of activating blood circulation. The essential oils were obtained by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction and the ingredients of the essential oils in vitro and in vivo (under physiological and pathological status) were analyzed by GC-MS to compare differences of the essential oil under physiological and pathological status in rats. 32 components were identified with the main components of Z-ligustilide (39.23%) and d-limonene (21.7%) in the essential oil. In vivo analysis on the essential oil indicated that 16 components were identified, 7 existed originally in essential oil and 9 were metabolites under physiological status; while 22 components were identified, 10 existed originally in essential oil and 12 were metabolites under pathological status (acute blood stasis). There were 7 common prototypes and 8 common metabolites under different physiological status. The absorption and metabolism of essential oils were affected by blood stasis and the compounds migrating to blood may be the effective substance in activating blood circulation.

Spectroscopic classification of ASASSN-17je (=AT 2017ffq) as a Type II Supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodriguez, Osmar; Prieto, J. L.

2017-07-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (450-760nm) of ASASSN-17je/AT2017ffq (ATel #10571) on 2017 July 15.19 UT with GMOS, mounted on Gemini-South. Using the SNID code (Blondin & Tonry, 2007, ApJ, 666, 1024) we find a good match with a Type II supernova at z=0.014, consistent with the redshift of its host galaxy 2MASX J17401447-5825586.

Application of global sensitivity analysis methods to Takagi-Sugeno-Kang rainfall-runoff fuzzy models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacquin, A. P.; Shamseldin, A. Y.

2009-04-01

This study analyses the sensitivity of the parameters of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang rainfall-runoff fuzzy models previously developed by the authors. These models can be classified in two types, where the first type is intended to account for the effect of changes in catchment wetness and the second type incorporates seasonality as a source of non-linearity in the rainfall-runoff relationship. The sensitivity analysis is performed using two global sensitivity analysis methods, namely Regional Sensitivity Analysis (RSA) and Sobol's Variance Decomposition (SVD). In general, the RSA method has the disadvantage of not being able to detect sensitivities arising from parameter interactions. By contrast, the SVD method is suitable for analysing models where the model response surface is expected to be affected by interactions at a local scale and/or local optima, such as the case of the rainfall-runoff fuzzy models analysed in this study. The data of six catchments from different geographical locations and sizes are used in the sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity of the model parameters is analysed in terms of two measures of goodness of fit, assessing the model performance from different points of view. These measures are the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion and the index of volumetric fit. The results of the study show that the sensitivity of the model parameters depends on both the type of non-linear effects (i.e. changes in catchment wetness or seasonality) that dominates the catchment's rainfall-runoff relationship and the measure used to assess the model performance. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by FONDECYT, Research Grant 11070130. We would also like to express our gratitude to Prof. Kieran M. O'Connor from the National University of Ireland, Galway, for providing the data used in this study.

[J.E. GILIBERT'S DIDACTIC VIEWS].

PubMed

Grębecka, Wanda

2015-01-01

When J.E. Gilibert was nominated to head the Chair of Natural History in Vilnius, his task was to introduce education with European standards. He was aware of the potential of his students and the level of their secondary school education. At that time (1781), no textbooks were available in Poland presenting knowledge of botany; the first was written in 1785. Teachers were using assorted, sometimes hardly practical materials, such as excerpts from Roman authors. Gilibert was familiar with this situation from his experience in Grodno, where he had taught for 6 years. At best, learners, i.e. prospective students, were using guidebooks for farmers by Ch. Kluk. This state of affairs was essentially in accordance with original plans of the National Educational Committee, which intended a very practical course of Natural History. The Chair in Vilnius was founded to implement university level education; and Gilibert dedicated a lot of time to didactic recommendations which would help students to develop the competence of botanists capable of studying European literature and communicating with international scientists. This presentation focuses on two important documents. The first one, Prospectus praelectionum cursus Historiae Naturalis. Ad usum Alumnorum Alma uniwersitatis Vilnensis, containing the curriculum of Natural History in Vilnius, will be analyzed from the point of view of its philosophical, epistemic and practical significance. The other one, Exercitium botanicum in schola principe universitatis Vilnensis habendum die mensie Julii anno 1782 seu enumaratio metodica plantarum, will be of interest from the point of view of various methodical comments regarding other works by Gilibert.

pH regulation of recombinant glucoamylase production in Fusarium venenatum JeRS 325, a transformant with a Fusarium oxysporum alkaline (trypsin-like) protease promoter.

PubMed

Wiebe, M G; Robson, G D; Shuster, J R; Trinci, A P

1999-08-05

Fusarium venenatum (formerly Fusarium graminearum) JeRS 325 produces heterologous glucoamylase (GAM) under the regulation of a Fusarium oxysporum alkaline (trypsin-like) protease promoter. The glucoamylase gene was used as a reporter gene to study the effects of ammonium and pH on GAM production under the control of the alkaline protease promoter. Between pH 4.0 and 5.8, GAM production in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of JeRS 325 grown at a dilution rate of 0.10 h-1 (doubling time, 6.9 h) on (NH4)2SO4 medium increased in a linear manner with increase in pH. However, at pH 4.0 and below GAM production was almost completely repressed in glucose-limited chemostat cultures grown on (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3 medium. Thus GAM production in JeRS 325 is regulated by culture pH, not by the nature of the nitrogen source in the medium. The difficulty of using unbuffered medium when investigating putative ammonium repression is also shown. The study demonstrates the potential for use of the alkaline protease promoter in F. graminearum for the production of recombinant proteins in a pH dependent man ner. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" protects against high power microwave-induced myocardial injury.

PubMed

Zhang, Xueyan; Gao, Yabing; Dong, Ji; Wang, Shuiming; Yao, Binwei; Zhang, Jing; Hu, Shaohua; Xu, Xinping; Zuo, Hongyan; Wang, Lifeng; Zhou, Hongmei; Zhao, Li; Peng, Ruiyun

2014-01-01

The prevention and treatment of Microwave-caused cardiovascular injury remains elusive. This study investigated the cardiovascular protective effects of compound Chinese medicine "Kang Fu Ling" (KFL) against high power microwave (HPM)-induced myocardial injury and the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in KFL protection. Male Wistar rats (100) were divided into 5 equal groups: no treatment, radiation only, or radiation followed by treatment with KFL at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Electrocardiography was used to Electrophysiological examination. Histological and ultrastructural changes in heart tissue and isolated mitochondria were observed by light microscope and electron microscopy. mPTP opening and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Connexin-43 (Cx-43) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) was detected by western blotting. At 7 days after radiation, rats without KFL treatment showed a significantly lower heart rate (P<0.01) than untreated controls and a J point shift. Myocyte swelling and rearrangement were evident. Mitochondria exhibited rupture, and decreased fluorescence intensity, suggesting opening of mPTP and a consequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day KFL for 7 d, the heart rate increased significantly (P<0.01), and the J point shift was reduced flavorfully (P<0.05) compared to untreated, irradiated rats; myocytes and mitochondria were of normal morphology. The fluorescence intensities of dye-treated mitochondria were also increased, suggesting inhibition of mPTP opening and preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The microwave-induced decrease of Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression was significantly reversed. Microwave radiation can cause electrophysiological, histological and

The Compound Chinese Medicine “Kang Fu Ling” Protects against High Power Microwave-Induced Myocardial Injury

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xueyan; Gao, Yabing; Dong, Ji; Wang, Shuiming; Yao, Binwei; Zhang, Jing; Hu, Shaohua; Xu, Xinping; Zuo, Hongyan; Wang, Lifeng; Zhou, Hongmei; Zhao, Li; Peng, Ruiyun

2014-01-01

Background The prevention and treatment of Microwave-caused cardiovascular injury remains elusive. This study investigated the cardiovascular protective effects of compound Chinese medicine “Kang Fu Ling” (KFL) against high power microwave (HPM)-induced myocardial injury and the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in KFL protection. Methods Male Wistar rats (100) were divided into 5 equal groups: no treatment, radiation only, or radiation followed by treatment with KFL at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Electrocardiography was used to Electrophysiological examination. Histological and ultrastructural changes in heart tissue and isolated mitochondria were observed by light microscope and electron microscopy. mPTP opening and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Connexin-43 (Cx-43) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) was detected by western blotting. Results At 7 days after radiation, rats without KFL treatment showed a significantly lower heart rate (P<0.01) than untreated controls and a J point shift. Myocyte swelling and rearrangement were evident. Mitochondria exhibited rupture, and decreased fluorescence intensity, suggesting opening of mPTP and a consequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day KFL for 7 d, the heart rate increased significantly (P<0.01), and the J point shift was reduced flavorfully (P<0.05) compared to untreated, irradiated rats; myocytes and mitochondria were of normal morphology. The fluorescence intensities of dye-treated mitochondria were also increased, suggesting inhibition of mPTP opening and preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The microwave-induced decrease of Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression was significantly reversed. Conclusion Microwave radiation can cause

Astronomical Books and Charts in the Book of Bibliographie Coreenne

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Ki-Won; Yang, Hong-Jin; Park, Myeong-Gu

2008-06-01

We investigate astronomical materials listed in the book of Bibliographie Coréenne written by Maurice Courant. He classified ancient Korean books into nine Divisions (?) and thirty six Classes (?), and published them as three volumes (ranging from 1894 to 1896) and one supplement (in 1901). In total, 3,821 books including astronomical ones are listed together with information on physical size, possessional place, bibliographical note, and so forth. Although this book is an essential one in the field of Korea bibliography and contains many astronomical materials such as Cheon-Mun-Ryu-Cho ????, Si-Heon-Seo ??????, and Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do ????????, it has not been well known to the public nor to astronomical society. Of 3,821 catalogues, we found that about 50 Items (?) are related to astronomy or astrology, and verified that most ! of them are located in the Kyujanggak Royal Library ???. We also found an unknown astronomical chart, Hon-Cheon-Chong-Seong-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do ??????????. Because those astronomical materials are not well known to international astronomical community and there have been few studies on the materials in Korea, we here introduce and review them, particularly with the astronomical viewpoint.

Effect of Chinese traditional compound, Gan-fu-kang, on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms.

PubMed

Xu, Ting-Ting; Jiang, Miao-Na; Li, Cong; Che, Ying; Jia, Yu-Jie

2007-03-01

To explore the antifibrotic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound Gan-fu-kang (GFK) on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable mechanisms. The effects of GFK on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis were tested in rats. The liver histopathology was examined by light microscope, polaring microscope and electron microscope. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assayed and the content of albumin (ALB) and hydroxyproline in the liver was measured. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and laminin (LN) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitive computation of collagen types I and III and laminin was done. The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Upon pathological examination, GFK treatment had significantly reversed liver fibrosis. Hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition was significantly reduced, as evidenced by the reduction of the content of hydroxyproline, collagen types I and III, and laminin. Hepatic function was improved by GFK treatment, as evidenced by the increase of plasma ALB and A/G, and by the decrease of serum ALT and AST. TGF-beta(1) in liver was significantly reduced. A significant expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in liver were downregulated after GFK treatment. The traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe GFK has an antifibrotic effect on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which improves hepatic function and lessens the deposition of collagen in the liver. The probable antifibrotic mechanisms were: inhibiting the expression of TGF-beta(1) and decreasing expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1.

An Analysis of Factors that Influence Enlistment Decisions in the U.S. Army

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-03-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California CM THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENLISTMENT DECISIONS IN THE U.S. ARMY by Young...TITLE AND SUBTITLE : AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENLISTMENT DECISIONS IN THE U.S. ARMY 6. AUTHOR(S) Oh, Young Yeol 7...200 words) The purpose of this thesis is to analyze factors that influence decisions to enlist in the U.S. Army. This thesis uses 1997 New Recruit

Immunogenicity of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine among Sri Lankan children with previous receipt of inactivated JE vaccine.

PubMed

Wijesinghe, Pushpa Ranjan; Abeysinghe, M R Nihal; Yoksan, Sutee; Yao, Yafu; Zhou, Benli; Zhang, Lei; Fleming, Jessica A; Marfin, Anthony A; Victor, John C

2016-11-21

The performance of live attenuated Japanese Encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine (CD-JEV) among children previously given inactivated mouse brain-derived JE vaccine (IMBV) is unknown. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of CD-JEV administered to 2- and 5-year-old children in Sri Lanka. In this open-label, single arm trial in the Colombo District of Sri Lanka, generally healthy children 2 and 5years of age who had previously received two and three doses of IMBV, respectively, were administered one dose of CD-JEV subcutaneously. Participants were monitored for adverse events for one year post-vaccination. Serum neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated pre and 28 and 365days post-vaccination using JE plaque reduction neutralization test and characterized as the proportion of participants seroconverting. Seroconversion was defined as either reaching a titer considered seroprotective (⩾1:10) among participants with a baseline titer <1:10 or achieving at least a 4-fold rise in titer among participants with a baseline titer ⩾1:10. Of 305 children given CD-JEV, 294 were included in the primary analysis of immunogenicity. Prior to vaccination, 144/147 (98.0%) 2-year-olds and 146/147 (99.3%) 5-year-olds had seroprotective levels. 28days post-vaccination, 79/147 [53.7% (95% CI, 45.3-62.0)] 2-year olds and of 60/147 [40.8% (95% CI, 32.8-49.2)] 5-year olds achieved seroconversion. Among 2-year-olds, geometric mean titers (GMTs) rose from 697 to 3175 28days post-vaccination. Among 5-year-olds, GMTs rose from 926 to 2776. Most adverse reactions were mild, and no serious adverse events were related to study vaccination. Administration of CD-JEV to these children with pre-existing neutralizing JE antibody titers was safe and resulted in substantial boosting of antibody levels. These results may inform other countries in Asia considering switching from IMBV to now WHO-prequalified CD-JEV vaccine to combat this disease of public health importance. Copyright © 2016 The

Situational analysis of communication of HIV and AIDS information to persons with visual impairment: a case of Kang'onga Production Centre in Ndola, Zambia.

PubMed

Chintende, Grace Nsangwe; Sitali, Doreen; Michelo, Charles; Mweemba, Oliver

2017-04-04

Despite the increases in health promotion and educational programs on HIV and AIDS, lack of information and communication on HIV and AIDS for the visually impaired persons continues. The underlying factors that create the information and communication gaps have not been fully explored in Zambia. It is therefore important that, this situational analysis on HIV and AIDS information dissemination to persons with visual impairments at Kang'onga Production Centre in Ndola was conducted. The study commenced in December 2014 to May 2015. A qualitative case study design was employed. The study used two focus group discussions with males and females. Each group comprised twelve participants. Eight in-depth interviews involving the visually impaired persons and five key informants working with visually impaired persons were conducted. Data was analysed thematically using NVIVO 8 software. Ethical clearance was sought from Excellency in Research Ethics and Science. Reference Number 2014-May-030. It was established that most visually impaired people lacked knowledge on the cause, transmission and treatment of HIV and AIDS resulting in misconceptions. It was revealed that health promoters and people working with the visually impaired did not have specific HIV and AIDS information programs in Zambia. Further, it was discovered that the media, information education communication and health education were channels through which the visually impaired accessed HIV and AIDS information. Discrimination, stigma, lack of employment opportunities, funding and poverty were among the many challenges identified which the visually impaired persons faced in accessing HIV and AIDS information. Integration of the visually impaired in HIV and AIDS programs would increase funding for economic empowerment and health promotions in order to improve communication on HIV and AIDS information. The study showed that, the visually impaired persons in Zambia are not catered for in the dissemination of HIV

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry based chemical profiling approach for the holistic quality control of complex Kang-Jing formula preparations.

PubMed

Yang, Xiao-Huan; Cheng, Xiao-Lan; Qin, Bing; Cai, Zhuo-Ya; Cai, Xiong; Liu, Shao; Wang, Qi; Qin, Yong

2016-05-30

The Kang-Jing (KJ) formula is a compound preparation made from 12 kinds of herbs. So far, four different methods (M1-M4) have been documented for KJ preparation, but the influence of preparation methods on the holistic quality of KJ have remained unknown. In this study, a strategy was proposed to investigate the influence of different preparation methods on the holistic quality of KJ using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) based chemical profiling. A total of 101 compounds mainly belonging to flavonoids, tanshinones, monoterpene glycosides, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids and volatile oils, were identified. Among these compounds, glaucine was detected only in M3/M4 samples, while two dehydrocorydaline isomers merely detected in M2/M3/M4 samples. Tetrahydrocolumbamine, ethylic lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid E and rosmarimic acid were only detected in M1/M3/M4 samples. In the subsequent quantitative analysis, 12 major compounds were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. It was found that the contents of marker compounds varied significantly in samples prepared by different methods. These results demonstrated that preparation method does significantly affect the holistic quality of KJ. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based chemical profiling approach is efficient and reliable for comprehensive quality evaluation of KJ. Collectively, this study provide the chemical evidence for revealing the material basis of KJ, and establish a simple and accurate chemical profiling method for its quality control. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of a Rapid Method for Screening Heat Stress Tolerance Using Three Korean Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars.

PubMed

Truong, Hai An; Jeong, Chan Young; Lee, Won Je; Lee, Byung Cheon; Chung, Namhyun; Kang, Chon-Sik; Cheong, Young-Keun; Hong, Suk-Whan; Lee, Hojoung

2017-07-19

Thermotolerance in plants is a topic of concern given the current trends in global warming. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and reproducible screening method for selection of heat stress-tolerant wheat varieties to expedite the breeding process. We tested the robustness of the screen in three Korean wheat cultivars, "BackJung", "KeumKang", and "ChoKyeong". We showed that 4-day-old seedlings of "KeumKang" had the highest survival rates after a 45 °C treatment for 20 h. Moreover, the ability to retain chlorophyll and antioxidant activity was also highest in "KeumKang". The increase in malondialdehyde content in "ChoKyeong" indicated that this cultivar showed the greatest damage after heat stress. Collectively, our results showed that "KeumKang" is the most heat-tolerant cultivar of the three examined. In conclusion, the most reliable and rapid screening method in our investigation was survival rate examined at lethal temperature.

Tang-Nai-Kang Alleviates Pre-diabetes and Metabolic Disorders and Induces a Gene Expression Switch toward Fatty Acid Oxidation in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr Rats

PubMed Central

Li, Linyi; Yoshitomi, Hisae; Wei, Ying; Qin, Lingling; Zhou, Jingxin; Xu, Tunhai; Wu, Xinli; Zhou, Tian; Sun, Wen; Guo, Xiangyu; Wu, Lili; Wang, Haiyan; Zhang, Yan; Li, Chunna; Liu, Tonghua; Gao, Ming

2015-01-01

Increased energy intake and reduced physical activity can lead to obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Transcriptional modulation of metabolic networks has become a focus of current drug discovery research into the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders associated with energy surplus and obesity. Tang-Nai-Kang (TNK), a mixture of five herbal plant extracts, has been shown to improve abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with pre-diabetes. Here, we report the metabolic phenotype of SHR.Cg-Lepr cp/NDmcr (SHR/cp) rats treated with TNK. Pre-diabetic SHR/cp rats were randomly divided into control, TNK low-dose (1.67 g/kg) and TNK high-dose (3.24 g/kg) groups. After high-dose treatment for 2 weeks, the serum triglycerides and free fatty acids in SHR/cp rats were markedly reduced compared to controls. After 3 weeks of administration, the high dose of TNK significantly reduced the body weight and fat mass of SHR/cp rats without affecting food consumption. Serum fasting glucose and insulin levels in the TNK-treated groups decreased after 6 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, TNK-treated rats exhibited obvious improvements in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The improved glucose metabolism may be caused by the substantial reduction in serum lipids and body weight observed in SHR/cp rats starting at 3 weeks of TNK treatment. The mRNA expression of NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and genes related to fatty acid oxidation was markedly up-regulated in the muscle, liver and adipose tissue after TNK treatment. Furthermore, TNK promoted the deacetylation of two well-established SIRT1 targets, PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1), and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in different tissues. These observations suggested that TNK may be an alternative treatment for pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome by inducing a gene expression switch toward

Treating Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans with PTSD Who Are at High Risk for Suicide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jakupcak, Matthew; Varra, Edward M.

2011-01-01

Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans diagnosed with psychiatric disorders commit suicide at a higher rate than the general population (Kang & Bullman, 2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been identified as a risk factor for suicide in veterans (Bullman & Kang, 1994) and is the most common mental disorder among Iraq and Afghanistan…

Nitropelagi marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated From Seawater, Je-bu island, South Korea.

PubMed

Jeong, Sun Hwan; Lee, Sang Seob

2016-09-01

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore forming, non-motile and aerobic strain, designated JB22(T), was isolated from seawater, Je-bu Island, South Korea. Strain JB22(T) was catalase and oxidase positive. Optimal growth of JB22(T) was observed at 30 °C and pH 7.0. NaCl tolerance range was 1-9 % (w/v) with an optimum of 2.0 % concentration. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JB22(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Pelagicola litorisediminis D1-W8(T) (95.8 %), Roseovarius litoreus GSW-M15(T) (95.2 %), Roseovarius aestuarii SMK-122(T) (95.0 %), Donghicola eburmeus SW-277(T) (95.0 %), and Roseovarius halotolerans HJ50(T) (94.9 %). It contained ubiquine-10 as the major respiratory quinone and C18:1 ω7c (69.3 %), :0 (9.9 %), C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl (9.6 %) as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of the strain JB22(T) was 47 mol  %. Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain JB22(T) should be regarded as a new genus of the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the Nitropelagi marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JB22(T) (= KEMB 3001-101(T) = JCM 30822(T)).

ESS-FH: Enhanced Security Scheme for Fast Handover in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

You, Ilsun; Lee, Jong-Hyouk; Sakurai, Kouichi; Hori, Yoshiaki

Fast Handover for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6) that combines advantages of Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) achieves the superior performance in terms of handover latency and signaling overhead compared with previously developed mobility protocols. However, without being secured, F-HMIPv6 is vulnerable to various security threats. In 2007, Kang and Park proposed a security scheme, which is seamlessly integrated into F-HMIPv6. In this paper, we reveal that Kang-Park's scheme cannot defend against the Denial of Service (DoS) and redirect attacks while largely relying on the group key. Then, we propose an Enhanced Security Scheme for F-HMIPv6 (ESS-FH) that achieves the strong key exchange and the key independence as well as addresses the weaknesses of Kang-Park's scheme. More importantly, it enables fast handover between different MAP domains. The proposed scheme is formally verified based on BAN-logic, and its handover latency is analyzed and compared with that of Kang-Park's scheme.

How Does Disaggregating a Pooled Inventory Affect a Marine Aircraft Group?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION from the NAVAL...Kang Dr. William R. Gates, Dean Graduate School of Business and Public Policy iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v HOW DOES...Kenneth Doerr and Dr. Keebom Kang, for their guidance and patience throughout the thesis process. Dr. Doerr, thanks for all the Skype chats. Our

Application of Model-based Systems Engineering Methods to Development of Combat System Architectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-22

Spt: Chacon , Hoang, Matela, Sarabia Supportability *Carpenter, Banner-Bacin, Chacon , Kinberg M&S Across Acq Manz Independent Kang, Chandler Advisor M...W entland SW / O A *W entland, Sysavath; Spt: Carpenter, Sung, Mend iola M&S/CORE *Pham , Kong, Va ldez, Vasquez; Spt: Chacon , Hoang, Matela...Sarabia Supportability *Carpenter, Banner-Bacin, Chacon , Kinberg M&S Across Acq Manz Independent Kang, Chandler Advisor M Green Capstone Architect

Proceedings of the First Workshop on Service-Oriented Architectures and Software Product Lines

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

Addison-Wesley, Har- low, 2000. [8] Kang, K., Cohen, S., Hess, J., Novak, W., & Peterson, S. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility...Intensive Systems-Description, 2000. [17] K. Kang, S. Cohen, J. Hess, W. No- vak, and S. Peterson. Feature- Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ...product models. SPF modeling employs many approaches such as Feature- Oriented Domain Analysis and extensions to existing approaches such as UML

A Theoretical Approach to Analyze the Parametric Influence on Spatial Patterns of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations.

PubMed

Garcia, A G; Godoy, W A C

2017-06-01

Studies of the influence of biological parameters on the spatial distribution of lepidopteran insects can provide useful information for managing agricultural pests, since the larvae of many species cause serious impacts on crops. Computational models to simulate the spatial dynamics of insect populations are increasingly used, because of their efficiency in representing insect movement. In this study, we used a cellular automata model to explore different patterns of population distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), when the values of two biological parameters that are able to influence the spatial pattern (larval viability and adult longevity) are varied. We mapped the spatial patterns observed as the parameters varied. Additionally, by using population data for S. frugiperda obtained in different hosts under laboratory conditions, we were able to describe the expected spatial patterns occurring in corn, cotton, millet, and soybean crops based on the parameters varied. The results are discussed from the perspective of insect ecology and pest management. We concluded that computational approaches can be important tools to study the relationship between the biological parameters and spatial distributions of lepidopteran insect pests.

RAPID COMMUNICATION: Optical distortion correction for liquid droplet visualization using the ray tracing method: further considerations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minor, G.; Oshkai, P.; Djilali, N.

2007-11-01

The original work of Kang et al (2004 Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 1104 12) presents a scheme for correcting optical distortion caused by the curved surface of a droplet, and illustrates its application in PIV measurements of the velocity field inside evaporating liquid droplets. In this work we re-derive the correction algorithm and show that several terms in the original algorithm proposed by Kang et al are erroneous. This was not evident in the original work because the erroneous terms are negligible for droplets with approximately hemispherical shapes. However, for the more general situation of droplets that have shapes closer to that of a sphere, with heights much larger than their contact-line radii, these errors become quite significant. The corrected algorithm is presented and its application illustrated in comparison with that of Kang et al.

[Oviposition, development, and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different hosts of economic importance].

PubMed

Barros, Eduardo M; Torres, Jorge B; Bueno, Adeney F

2010-01-01

The host selection for oviposition by Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) among corn, millet, cotton and soybean, and its relationship with the biological characteristics were investigated. Free and non-choice tests for oviposition using plots containing five plants each, from each host in plastic greenhouse, resulted in similar oviposition preference among the host plants. In addition, selected biological characteristics of S. frugiperda were determined in the laboratory with larvae feeding on host leaves, and the combination of leaf and cotton boll. Neonate larvae exhibited low success of colonization on cotton boll compared to the leaves of all other hosts. Spodoptera frugiperda fed only on cotton bolls exhibited longer larval and pupal development, and longer adult life span; however with similar egg production. Larvae fed cotton leaves during six days and then transferred to cotton bolls, however, exhibited development and reproduction similar to those reared on corn or only on cotton leaves. Therefore, the variations on immature stages of S. frugiperda were not related with host selection for oviposition which was similar among the studied hosts. Based on our data, the millet as a winter, rotational, and cover crop is a potential host for S. frugiperda, while leaves and cotton bolls were diets of intermediate suitability as compared to corn and soybean leaves.

Prediction of Turbulence-Generated Noise in Unheated Jets. Part 1; JeNo Technical Manual (Version 1.0)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khavaran, Abbas; Bridges, James; Georgiadis, Nicholas

2005-01-01

The model-based approach, used by the JeNo code to predict jet noise spectral directivity, is described. A linearized form of Lilley's equation governs the non-causal Green s function of interest, with the non-linear terms on the right hand side identified as the source. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solution yields the required mean flow for the solution of the propagation Green s function in a locally parallel flow. The RANS solution also produces time- and length-scales needed to model the non-compact source, the turbulent velocity correlation tensor, with exponential temporal and spatial functions. It is shown that while an exact non-causal Green s function accurately predicts the observed shift in the location of the spectrum peak with angle as well as the angularity of sound at low to moderate Mach numbers, the polar directivity of radiated sound is not entirely captured by this Green s function at high subsonic and supersonic acoustic Mach numbers. Results presented for unheated jets in the Mach number range of 0.51 to 1.8 suggest that near the peak radiation angle of high-speed jets, a different source/Green s function convolution integral may be required in order to capture the peak observed directivity of jet noise. A sample Mach 0.90 heated jet is also discussed that highlights the requirements for a comprehensive jet noise prediction model.

How Do the Metabolic Effects of Chronic Stress Influence Breast Cancer Biology

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

meta - analysis . International Journal of Cancer. 2003;107:1023-9. 3. Song M, Lee K-M, Kang D. Breast Cancer Prevention Based on Gene- Environment...7 PCR system. Details of the statistical analysis are provided in supplemental methods 1 section. 2 Adipocyte glucose consumption and...life events and breast cancer risk: a meta - analysis . International Journal of Cancer. 7 2003;107:1023-9. 8 3. Song M, Lee K-M, Kang D. Breast

[The early medical textbooks in Korea: medical textbooks published at Je Joong Won-Severance Hospital Medical School].

PubMed

Park, H W

1998-01-01

Kwang Hye Won(Je Joong Won), the first western hospital in Korea, was founded in 1885. The first western Medical School in Korea was open in 1886 under the hospital management. Dr. O. R. Avison, who came to Korea in 1893, resumed the medical education there, which was interrupted for some time before his arrival in Korea. He inaugurated translating and publishing medical textbooks with the help of Kim Pil Soon who later became one of the first seven graduates in Severance Hospital Medical School. The first western medical textbook translated into Korean was Henry Gray's Anatomy. However, these twice-translated manuscripts were never to be published on account of being lost and burnt down. The existing early anatomy textbooks, the editions of 1906 and 1909, are not the translation of Gray's Anatomy, but that of Japanese anatomy textbook of Gonda. The remaining oldest medical textbook in Korean is Inorganic Materia Medica published in 1905. This book is unique among its kind that O. R. Avison is the only translator of the book and it contains the prefaces of O. R. Avison and Kim Pil Soon. The publication of medical textbook was animated by the participation of other medical students, such as Hong Suk Hoo and Hong Jong Eun. The list of medical textbooks published includes almost all the field of medicine. The medical textbooks in actual existence are as follows: Inorganic Materia Medica (1905), Inorganic Chemistry (1906), Anatomy I (1906), Physiology (1906), Diagnostics I (1906), Diagnostics II (1907), Obstetrics (1908), Organic Chemistry (1909), Anatomy (1909), and Surgery (1910).

Post-marketing safety surveillance for inactivated and live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccines in China, 2008-2013.

PubMed

Wu, Wendi; Liu, Dawei; Li, Keli; Nuorti, J Pekka; Nohynek, Hanna M; Xu, Disha; Ye, Jiakai; Zheng, Jingshan; Wang, Huaqing

2017-06-22

Two types of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines, inactivated JE vaccine (JE-I) and live-attenuated JE vaccine (JE-L), are available and used in China. In particular, one JE-L, produced by a domestic manufacturer in China, was prequalified by WHO in 2013. We assessed the safety of JE vaccines in China during 2008-2013 using the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System (CNAEFIS) data. We retrieved AEFI reporting data about JE vaccines from CNAEFIS, 2008-2013, examined demographic characteristics of AEFI cases, and used administrative data on vaccine doses as denominator to calculate and compare crude reporting rates. We also used disproportionality reporting analysis between JE-I and JE-L to assess potential safety signals. A total of 34,879 AEFIs related with JE-I and JE-L were reported, with a ratio of male to female as 1.3:1; 361 (1.0%) cases were classified as serious. JE vaccines were administered concurrently with one or more other vaccines in 13,592 (39.0%) of cases. The overall AEFI reporting rates were 214.4 per million vaccination doses for JE-L and 176.9 for JE-I (rate ratio [RR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.3) in 2010-2013. Febrile convulsions (FC) following JE-I was found as a signal of disproportionate reporting (SDR). However, there was no significant difference between the reporting rates of FC of JE-I and JE-L (0.3 per million vaccination doses for JE-L, 0.4 for JE-I, p=0.05). While our analysis did not find apparent safety concern of JE vaccines in China, further study should consider JE-I vaccines and febrile convulsion, and taking more sensitive methods to detect signals. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Spatial analysis of the distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and losses in maize crop productivity using geostatistics.

PubMed

Farias, Paulo R S; Barbosa, José C; Busoli, Antonio C; Overal, William L; Miranda, Vicente S; Ribeiro, Susane M

2008-01-01

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the chief pests of maize in the Americas. The study of its spatial distribution is fundamental for designing correct control strategies, improving sampling methods, determining actual and potential crop losses, and adopting precise agricultural techniques. In São Paulo state, Brazil, a maize field was sampled at weekly intervals, from germination through harvest, for caterpillar densities, using quadrates. In each of 200 quadrates, 10 plants were sampled per week. Harvest weights were obtained in the field for each quadrate, and ear diameters and lengths were also sampled (15 ears per quadrate) and used to estimate potential productivity of the quadrate. Geostatistical analyses of caterpillar densities showed greatest ranges for small caterpillars when semivariograms were adjusted for a spherical model that showed greatest fit. As the caterpillars developed in the field, their spatial distribution became increasingly random, as shown by a model adjusted to a straight line, indicating a lack of spatial dependence among samples. Harvest weight and ear length followed the spherical model, indicating the existence of spatial variability of the production parameters in the maize field. Geostatistics shows promise for the application of precise methods in the integrated control of pests.

Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Annona Species on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

PubMed

Freitas, A F; Pereira, F F; Formagio, A S N; Lucchetta, J T; Vieira, M C; Mussury, R M

2014-10-01

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) causes significant losses in corn crops and necessitates the use of alternative control strategies, such as the application of bioinsecticides. We report the effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Annona dioica, Annona cacans, and Annona coriacea on the development and reproduction of S. frugiperda. A quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the total concentration of phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannin (CT) in leaf extracts. Corn leaves were immersed in a 1% methanolic leaf extract solution and fed to second instars of S. frugiperda. Leaf disks dipped in the synthetic insecticide Connect® (Bayer CropScience Ltda) composed of a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) and a pyrethroid (β-cyfluthrin), which are harmful to S. frugiperda, was used as positive control. Distilled water was used as a negative control treatment. The leaf extract of A. coriacea decreased larval survivorship, arrested pupal development, and affected the weight gain of S. frugiperda. A. dioica also affected larval survivorship, but its effects were more pronounced for the adult stage, as fecundity, fertility, egg hatchability, and embryonic development were severely affected. Leaf extracts from A. cacans had no effect on S. frugiperda. The leaf extracts of A. dioica and A. coriacea showed a higher content of flavonoids and phenols, respectively. Our results indicated that both A. dioica and A. coriacea have the potential for development as botanical insecticides.

Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance and Immunization - Asia and Western Pacific Regions, 2016.

PubMed

Heffelfinger, James D; Li, Xi; Batmunkh, Nyambat; Grabovac, Varja; Diorditsa, Sergey; Liyanage, Jayantha B; Pattamadilok, Sirima; Bahl, Sunil; Vannice, Kirsten S; Hyde, Terri B; Chu, Susan Y; Fox, Kimberley K; Hills, Susan L; Marfin, Anthony A

2017-06-09

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the most important vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in the Asia-Pacific region. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integration of JE vaccination into national immunization schedules in all areas where the disease is a public health priority (1). This report updates a previous summary of JE surveillance and immunization programs in Asia and the Western Pacific in 2012 (2). Since 2012, funding for JE immunization has become available through the GAVI Alliance, three JE vaccines have been WHO-prequalified,* and an updated WHO JE vaccine position paper providing guidance on JE vaccines and vaccination strategies has been published (1). Data for this report were obtained from a survey of JE surveillance and immunization practices administered to health officials in countries with JE virus transmission risk, the 2015 WHO/United Nations Children's Fund Joint Reporting Form on Immunization, notes and reports from JE meetings held during 2014-2016, published literature, and websites. In 2016, 22 (92%) of 24 countries with JE virus transmission risk conducted JE surveillance, an increase from 18 (75%) countries in 2012, and 12 (50%) countries had a JE immunization program, compared with 11 (46%) countries in 2012. Strengthened JE surveillance, continued commitment, and adequate resources for JE vaccination should help maintain progress toward prevention and control of JE.

Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects

PubMed Central

Wang, Huanyu; Liang, Guodong

2015-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of severe viral encephalitis that affects individuals in Asia, western Pacific countries, and northern Australia. Although 67,900 JE cases have been estimated among 24 JE epidemic countries annually, only 10,426 have been reported in 2011. With the establishment of JE surveillance and vaccine use in some countries, the JE incidence rate has decreased; however, serious outbreaks still occur. Understanding JE epidemics and identifying the circulating JE virus genotypes will improve JE prevention and control. This review summarizes the current epidemiology data in these countries. PMID:25848290

Characteristics of major volatile organic hazardous air pollutants in the urban air of Kaohsiung city.

PubMed

Huang, Mei-Chuan; Lin, Jim Juimin

2007-10-01

The concentrations and characteristics of volatile organic hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the urban city of Kaohsiung from motor vehicles and dense pollutant sources has become a national concern. To continuously monitor volatile organic HAPs, sampling sites were selected near the four air-quality monitoring stations established by Ethe nvironmental Protection Administration of Taiwan ROC, namely Nan-tz, Tso-ying, San-min and Hsiao-kang, from north to south. An on-site automated online monitor of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was used for continuous monitoring. This study performed two consecutive days of 24-h monitoring of five volatile organic HAPs form August to October 2005 at the four monitoring sites, which cover the northern, central, and southern areas of Kaohsiung city. The average monitored concentration was 2.78-4.84 ppb for benzene, 5.90-9.66 ppb for toluene, 3.62-5.90 ppb for ethylbenzene, 3.73-5.34 ppb for m,p-xylene, 3.38-4.22 ppb for o-xylene, and 4.48-7.00 ppb for styrene. The average monitored concentrations of the major volatile organic HAPs tended to follow the pattern San-min > Nan-tz > Hsiao-kang > Tso-ying. Among all the species monitored in this study, toluene had the highest ambient concentration, followed by styrene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and benzene. The results showed that the concentration at night was higher than that in the day for toluene at Nan-tz, San-min, Hsiao-kang, and for benzene at Nan-tz and Hsiao-kang.

Heritability of Wing Size and Shape of the Rice and Corn Strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

PubMed

Cañas-Hoyos, N; Márquez, E J; Saldamando-Benjumea, C I

2016-08-01

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) represents a pest of economic importance in all Western Hemisphere. This polyphagous species has diverged into two populations that have been mainly recognized with various mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and named "the rice" and "the corn" strains. In Colombia, both strains have evolved prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. They differ in tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab endotoxins) and the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl. In 2014, a wing morphometric analysis made in 159 individuals from a colony showed that both strains significantly differ in wing shape. The species also exhibits sexual dimorphism in the rice strain as in females wing size is larger than in males. Here, we continued this work with another wing morphometric approach in laboratory-reared strains to calculate wing size and shape heritabilities using a full-sib design and in wild populations to determine if this method distinguishes these strains. Our results show that male heritabilities of both traits were higher than female ones. Wild populations were significantly different in wing shape and size. These results suggest that wing morphometrics can be used as an alternative method to molecular markers to differentiate adults from laboratory-reared populations and wild populations of this pest, particularly in males of this species. Finally, Q ST values obtained for wing size and shape further demonstrated that both strains are genetically differentiated in nature.

Cross-protection elicited by primary and booster vaccinations against Japanese encephalitis: a two-year follow-up study.

PubMed

Erra, Elina O; Askling, Helena Hervius; Yoksan, Sutee; Rombo, Lars; Riutta, Jukka; Vene, Sirkka; Lindquist, Lars; Vapalahti, Olli; Kantele, Anu

2013-12-17

The inactivated Vero cell-derived vaccine (JE-VC, IXIARO) has replaced the traditional mouse brain-derived preparations (JE-MB) in travelers' vaccinations against Japanese encephalitis. We showed recently that a single JE-VC dose efficiently boosts immunity in JE-MB-primed vaccinees, and that JE-VC elicits cross-protective immunity against non-vaccine genotypes, including the emerging genotype I. While these studies only provided short-term data, the present investigation evaluates the longevity of seroprotection in the same volunteers. The study comprised 48 travelers who had received (1) JE-VC primary series, (2) JE-MB primary series followed by a single JE-VC booster dose, or (3) JE-MB primary series and a single JE-MB booster dose. Serum samples were collected two years after the last vaccine dose, and evaluated with the plaque-reduction neutralization test against seven Japanese encephalitis virus strains representing genotypes I-IV. PRNT50 titers ≥ 10 were considered protective. Two years after the primary series with JE-VC, 87-93% of the vaccinees proved to be cross-protected against test strains representing genotypes II-IV and 73% against those of genotype I. After a single homologous or heterologous booster dose to JE-MB-primed subjects, the two-year seroprotection rates against genotype I-IV strains were 89-100%. After JE-VC primary series, seroprotection appeared to wane first against genotype I. The first booster should not be delayed beyond two years. In JE-MB-primed subjects, a single JE-VC booster provided cross-protective immunity against genotype I-IV strains in almost all vaccinees, suggesting an interval of two years or even longer for the second booster. These data further support the use of a single JE-VC dose for boosting JE-MB immunity. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Japanese encephalitis surveillance and immunization--Asia and the Western Pacific, 2012.

PubMed

2013-08-23

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a leading cause of encephalitis in Asia, causing an estimated 67,900 JE cases annually. To control JE, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that JE vaccine be incorporated into immunization programs in all areas where JE is a public health problem. For many decades, progress mainly occurred in a small number of high-income Asian countries. Recently, prospects for control have improved with better disease burden awareness as a result of increased JE surveillance and wider availability of safe, effective vaccines. This report summarizes the status of JE surveillance and immunization programs in 2012 in Asia and the Western Pacific. Data were obtained from the WHO/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Joint Reporting Form (JRF), published literature, meeting reports, and websites. In 2012, 18 (75%) of the 24 countries with areas of JE virus transmission risk conducted at least some JE surveillance, and 11 (46%) had a JE immunization program. Further progress toward JE control requires increased awareness of disease burden at the national and regional levels, availability of WHO-prequalified pediatric JE vaccines, and international support for surveillance and vaccine introduction in countries with limited resources.

The Spatio-temporal Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Cases in Different Age Groups in Mainland China, 2004 – 2014

PubMed Central

Wang, Huanyu; Song, Miao; Li, Minghua; Fu, Shihong; Lv, Zhi; He, Ying; Lei, Wenwen; Wang, Bin; Lu, Xiaoqing; Liang, Guodong

2016-01-01

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is very prevalent in China, but the incidence of JE among children has been greatly reduced by extensive promotion of vaccinations. The incidence of JE among adults, however, has increased in some parts of China. Methods/Principal Findings Data on JE in mainland China, in terms of incidence, gender, and age, were collected between 2004 and 2014. We conducted spatial and temporal analyses on data from different age groups. Generally, children aged 0–15 years still represent the major population of JE cases in China, despite the gradual decrease in incidence over years. However, the incidence of JE among adults in several provinces is notably higher than the national average, especially during the epidemic waves in 2006, 2009, and 2013. The JE cases in the 0–15-year-old group are distributed mainly in the area south of the Yangtze River, with peak incidence occurring from July to September. In the adult group, especially for those over 40 years old, the JE cases are concentrated mainly in the area north of the Yangtze River. JE incidence in the adult group in September and October is significantly greater compared to the other groups. Further analysis using Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) reveals that the distribution of adult JE cases in the six provinces north of the Yangtze River, between north 30–35° latitude and east 110–130° longitude, is a hotspot for adult JE cases. Conclusions/Significance The rate of JE case increase for adults is much greater than for children and has become a public health issue. Therefore, studies on the necessity and feasibility of vaccinating adults who live in JE-endemic areas, but have never been vaccinated for JE, should become a new focus of JE prevention in the future. PMID:27050414

Morphological and functional characteristics of human gingival junctional epithelium.

PubMed

Jiang, Qian; Yu, Youcheng; Ruan, Hong; Luo, Yin; Guo, Xuehua

2014-04-03

This study aims to observe the morphological characteristics and identify the function characteristics of junctional epithelium (JE) tissues and cultured JE cells. Paraffin sections of human molar or premolar on the gingival buccolingual side were prepared from 6 subjects. HE staining and image analysis were performed to measure and compare the morphological difference among JE, oral gingival epithelium (OGE) and sulcular epithelium (SE). Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression pattern of cytokeratin 5/6, 7, 8/18, 10/13, 16, 17, 19, and 20 in JE, OGE and SE. On the other hand, primary human JE and OGE cells were cultured in vitro. Cell identify was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry. In a co-culture model, TEM was used to observe the attachment formation between JE cells and tooth surface. Human JE was a unique tissue which was different from SE and OGE in morphology. Similarly, morphology of JE cells was also particular compared with OGE cells cultured in vitro. In addition, JE cells had a longer incubation period than OGE cells. Different expression of several CKs illustrated JE was in a characteristic of low differentiation and high regeneration. After being co-cultured for 14 d, multiple cell layers, basement membrane-like and hemidesmosome-like structures were appeared at the junction of JE cell membrane and tooth surface. JE is a specially stratified epithelium with low differentiation and high regeneration ability in gingival tissue both in vivo and in vitro. In co-culture model, human JE cells can form basement membrane-like and hemidesmosome-like structures in about 2 weeks.

Cost-effectiveness of routine immunization to control Japanese encephalitis in Shanghai, China.

PubMed Central

Ding, Ding; Kilgore, Paul E.; Clemens, John D.; Wei, Liu; Zhi-Yi, Xu

2003-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of inactivated and live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines given to infants and children in Shanghai. METHODS: A decision-analytical model was constructed in order to compare costs and outcomes for three hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 children followed from birth in 1997 to the age of 30 years who received either no JE vaccine, inactivated JE vaccine (P3), or live attenuated JE vaccine (SA 14-14-2). Cumulative incidences of JE from birth to 30 years of age in the pre-immunization era, i.e. before 1968, were used to estimate expected rates of JE in the absence of vaccination. The economic consequences were measured as cost per case, per death, and per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for the two JE immunization programmes. FINDINGS: In comparison with no JE immunization, a programme using the P3 vaccine would prevent 420 JE cases and 105 JE deaths and would save 6456 DALYs per 100,000 persons; the use of the SA 14-14-2 vaccine would prevent 427 cases and 107 deaths and would save 6556 DALYs per 100,000 persons. Both kinds of immunization were cost saving but the SA 14-14-2 vaccine strategy resulted in a saving that was 47% greater (512,456 US dollars) than that obtained with the P3 vaccine strategy (348,246 US dollars). CONCLUSION: Both JE immunization strategies resulted in cost savings in comparison with no JE immunization. This provides a strong economic rationale for vaccinating against JE in Shanghai and suggests that vaccination against JE might be economically justifiable in other parts of China and in certain other developing countries of Asia where the disease is endemic. PMID:12856051

Explaining the density profile of self-gravitating systems by statistical mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Dong-Biao

A self-gravitating system usually shows a quasi-universal density profile, such as the NFW profile of a simulated dark matter halo, the flat rotation curve of a spiral galaxy, the Sérsic profile of an elliptical galaxy, the King profile of a globular cluster and the exponential law of the stellar disk. It will be interesting if all of the above can be obtained from first principles. Based on the original work of White & Narayan (1987), we propose that if the self-bounded system is divided into infinite infinitesimal subsystems, the entropy of each subsystem can be maximized, but the whole system's gravity may just play the role of the wall, which may not increase the whole system's entropy S t , and finally S t may be the minimum among all of the locally maximized entropies (He & Kang 2010). For spherical systems with isotropic velocity dispersion, the form of the equation of state will be a hybrid of isothermal and adiabatic (Kang & He 2011). Hence this density profile can be approximated by a truncated isothermal sphere, which means that the total mass must be finite and our results can be consistent with observations (Kang & He 2011b). Our method requires that the mass and energy should be conserved, so we only compare our results with simulations of mild relaxation (i.e. the virial ratio is close to -1) of dissipationless collapse (Kang 2014), and the fitting also is well. The capacity can be calculated and is found not to be always negative as in previous works, and combining with calculations of the second order variation of the entropy, we find that the thermodynamical stability still can be true (Kang 2012) if the temperature tends to be zero. However, the cusp in the center of dark matter halos can not be explained, and more works will continue. The above work can be generalized to study the radial distribution of the disk (Kang 2015). The energy constraint automatically disappears in our variation, because angular momentum is much more important than

An Outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis in Adults in Northern China, 2013: A Population-Based Study.

PubMed

Li, Xiaolong; Gao, Xiaoyan; Fu, Shihong; Wang, Huanyu; Lu, Zhi; He, Ying; Lei, Wenwen; Liang, Guodong

2018-05-09

A Japanese encephalitis (JE) epidemic occurred in 2013 in China. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial-temporal pattern of JE cases in adults occurring in 2013, as well as identify potential hotspots of incidences in the afflicted regions in China. To generate a spatial-temporal pattern of JE cases in China, epidemiological and demographic data between 2011 and 2013 were collected. Our results indicate that the total number of JE cases in 2013 was significantly higher compared with those in 2011 and 2012. While the incidence of JE in individuals aged less than 15 years decreased in 2013, the incidence rate increased substantially in those aged 15 years and older. The population aged over 40 years was associated with the greatest increase of JE. Demographic analysis revealed a consistent increase in the proportion of JE cases aged 15 years and older in 2013 (42%) compared with that in 2012 (15%). In addition, JE cases from areas located between 35°N, 114°E and 40°N, 120°E in northern China were found to account for 27.17% of total JE cases nationwide in 2013, compared with 2.21% and 3.13% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. In these northern regions, the group aged 15 years and older represents the predominant population with JE, accounting for 73% of total cases. Further cluster analysis identified a large number of hotspots of JE in adults (>15 years of age) in northern China. Unlike the JE epidemics primarily in children below 15 years old in southern China, a significant outbreak of JE occurred in northern China in 2013, with the older age groups being the primary population affected. The increasing incidence of JE in adults has become an important public health issue and poses a new challenge to the successful prevention and control of JE in China, as well as other countries in East Asia.

Epidemiological Features of Japanese Encephalitis in Taiwan from 2000 to 2014

PubMed Central

Chang, Yu-Kang; Chang, Hsiao-Ling; Wu, Ho-Sheng; Chen, Kow-Tong

2017-01-01

The incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) decreased sharply after the national vaccination program was implemented in Taiwan in 1968. However, cases of JE still occur. The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology and vaccination policy for JE in Taiwan. We analyzed the data on JE cases reported to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) between 2000 and 2014. During the 15-year study period, a total of 4,474 cases were reported to the Taiwan CDC. Of these, 379 (8.5%) were classified as confirmed cases, and 4,095 (91.5%) were classified as suspected cases. The incidence of JE ranged from 0.59 to 1.61 per 1,000,000 people and peaked in 2007. Men had a higher incidence of JE than women (1.37 versus 0.84 per 1,000,000; P = 0.03). Patients who were 40–59 years of age had a higher incidence than did patients younger than 20 years (1.82 versus 0.23; P < 0.001). Patients who lived in the eastern region of Taiwan had the highest incidence rate of JE (P < 0.001). Compared with those who were not vaccinated with the JE vaccine, patients who received four doses of JE vaccine had a lower risk of suffering from death and/or hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; P = 0.04). JE is still a public health problem in Taiwan, and monitoring JE via diagnostic testing to determine the best vaccination program along with enforcing JE vaccine boosters for adults is necessary to eliminate JE in Taiwan. PMID:27821699

Epidemiological Features of Japanese Encephalitis in Taiwan from 2000 to 2014.

PubMed

Chang, Yu-Kang; Chang, Hsiao-Ling; Wu, Ho-Sheng; Chen, Kow-Tong

2017-02-08

The incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) decreased sharply after the national vaccination program was implemented in Taiwan in 1968. However, cases of JE still occur. The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology and vaccination policy for JE in Taiwan. We analyzed the data on JE cases reported to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) between 2000 and 2014. During the 15-year study period, a total of 4,474 cases were reported to the Taiwan CDC. Of these, 379 (8.5%) were classified as confirmed cases, and 4,095 (91.5%) were classified as suspected cases. The incidence of JE ranged from 0.59 to 1.61 per 1,000,000 people and peaked in 2007. Men had a higher incidence of JE than women (1.37 versus 0.84 per 1,000,000; P = 0.03). Patients who were 40-59 years of age had a higher incidence than did patients younger than 20 years (1.82 versus 0.23; P < 0.001). Patients who lived in the eastern region of Taiwan had the highest incidence rate of JE ( P < 0.001). Compared with those who were not vaccinated with the JE vaccine, patients who received four doses of JE vaccine had a lower risk of suffering from death and/or hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.90; P = 0.04). JE is still a public health problem in Taiwan, and monitoring JE via diagnostic testing to determine the best vaccination program along with enforcing JE vaccine boosters for adults is necessary to eliminate JE in Taiwan. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia.

PubMed

Kari, Komang; Liu, Wei; Gautama, Kompiang; Mammen, Mammen P; Clemens, John D; Nisalak, Ananda; Subrata, Ketut; Kim, Hyei Kyung; Xu, Zhi-Yi

2006-04-07

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is presumed to be endemic throughout Asia, yet only a few cases have been reported in tropical Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. To estimate the true disease burden due to JE in this region, we conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance with a catchment population of 599,120 children less than 12 years of age in Bali, Indonesia, from July 2001 through December 2003. Balinese children presenting to any health care facility with acute viral encephalitis or aseptic meningitis were enrolled. A "confirmed" diagnosis of JE required the detection of JE virus (JEV)-specific IgM in cerebrospinal fluid, whereas a diagnosis of "probable JE" was assigned to those cases in which JEV-specific IgM was detected only in serum. In all, 86 confirmed and 4 probable JE cases were identified. The annualized JE incidence rate was 7.1 and adjusted to 8.2 per 100,000 for children less than 10 years of age over the 2.5 consecutive years of study. Only one JE case was found among 96,920 children 10-11 years old (0.4 per 100,000). Nine children (10%) died and 33 (37%) of the survivors had neurological sequelae at discharge. JEV was transmitted in Bali year-round with 70% of cases in the rainy season. JE incidence and case-fatality rates in Bali were comparable to those of other JE-endemic countries of Asia. Our findings contradict the common wisdom that JE is rare in tropical Asia. Hence, the geographical range of endemic JE is broader than previously described. The results of the study support the need to introduce JE vaccination into Bali.

The spatial heterogeneity between Japanese encephalitis incidence distribution and environmental variables in Nepal.

PubMed

Impoinvil, Daniel E; Solomon, Tom; Schluter, W William; Rayamajhi, Ajit; Bichha, Ram Padarath; Shakya, Geeta; Caminade, Cyril; Baylis, Matthew

2011-01-01

To identify potential environmental drivers of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JE) transmission in Nepal, we conducted an ecological study to determine the spatial association between 2005 Nepal JE incidence, and climate, agricultural, and land-cover variables at district level. District-level data on JE cases were examined using Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis to identify spatial clusters from 2004 to 2008 and 2005 data was used to fit a spatial lag regression model with climate, agriculture and land-cover variables. Prior to 2006, there was a single large cluster of JE cases located in the Far-West and Mid-West terai regions of Nepal. After 2005, the distribution of JE cases in Nepal shifted with clusters found in the central hill areas. JE incidence during the 2005 epidemic had a stronger association with May mean monthly temperature and April mean monthly total precipitation compared to mean annual temperature and precipitation. A parsimonious spatial lag regression model revealed, 1) a significant negative relationship between JE incidence and April precipitation, 2) a significant positive relationship between JE incidence and percentage of irrigated land 3) a non-significant negative relationship between JE incidence and percentage of grassland cover, and 4) a unimodal non-significant relationship between JE Incidence and pig-to-human ratio. JE cases clustered in the terai prior to 2006 where it seemed to shift to the Kathmandu region in subsequent years. The spatial pattern of JE cases during the 2005 epidemic in Nepal was significantly associated with low precipitation and the percentage of irrigated land. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, it is still important to understand environmental drivers of JEV transmission since the enzootic cycle of JEV transmission is not likely to be totally interrupted. Understanding the spatial dynamics of JE risk factors may be useful in providing important information to the Nepal

A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia

PubMed Central

Kari, Komang; Liu, Wei; Gautama, Kompiang; Mammen, Mammen P; Clemens, John D; Nisalak, Ananda; Subrata, Ketut; Kim, Hyei Kyung; Xu, Zhi-Yi

2006-01-01

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is presumed to be endemic throughout Asia, yet only a few cases have been reported in tropical Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. To estimate the true disease burden due to JE in this region, we conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance with a catchment population of 599,120 children less than 12 years of age in Bali, Indonesia, from July 2001 through December 2003. Methods Balinese children presenting to any health care facility with acute viral encephalitis or aseptic meningitis were enrolled. A "confirmed" diagnosis of JE required the detection of JE virus (JEV)-specific IgM in cerebrospinal fluid, whereas a diagnosis of "probable JE" was assigned to those cases in which JEV-specific IgM was detected only in serum. Results In all, 86 confirmed and 4 probable JE cases were identified. The annualized JE incidence rate was 7.1 and adjusted to 8.2 per 100,000 for children less than 10 years of age over the 2.5 consecutive years of study. Only one JE case was found among 96,920 children 10–11 years old (0.4 per 100,000). Nine children (10%) died and 33 (37%) of the survivors had neurological sequelae at discharge. JEV was transmitted in Bali year-round with 70% of cases in the rainy season. Conclusion JE incidence and case-fatality rates in Bali were comparable to those of other JE-endemic countries of Asia. Our findings contradict the common wisdom that JE is rare in tropical Asia. Hence, the geographical range of endemic JE is broader than previously described. The results of the study support the need to introduce JE vaccination into Bali. PMID:16603053

The junctional epithelium originates from the odontogenic epithelium of an erupted tooth.

PubMed

Yajima-Himuro, Sara; Oshima, Masamitsu; Yamamoto, Gou; Ogawa, Miho; Furuya, Madoka; Tanaka, Junichi; Nishii, Kousuke; Mishima, Kenji; Tachikawa, Tetsuhiko; Tsuji, Takashi; Yamamoto, Matsuo

2014-05-02

The junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that is directly attached to the tooth surface and has a protective function against periodontal diseases. In this study, we determined the origin of the JE using a bioengineered tooth technique. We transplanted the bioengineered tooth germ into the alveolar bone with an epithelial component that expressed green fluorescence protein. The reduced enamel epithelium from the bioengineered tooth fused with the oral epithelium, and the JE was apparently formed around the bioengineered tooth 50 days after transplantation. Importantly, the JE exhibited green fluorescence for at least 140 days after transplantation, suggesting that the JE was not replaced by oral epithelium. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the origin of the JE was the odontogenic epithelium, and odontogenic epithelium-derived JE was maintained for a relatively long period.

Seasonal Patterns of Japanese Encephalitis and Associated Meteorological Factors in Taiwan.

PubMed

Lin, Che-Liang; Chang, Hsiao-Ling; Lin, Chuan-Yao; Chen, Kow-Tong

2017-10-29

The persistent transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in Taiwan necessitates exploring the risk factors of occurrence of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of JE in Taiwan. We collected data for cases of JE reported to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) from 2000 to 2014. Meteorological data were obtained from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. The relationships between weather variability and the incidence of JE in Taiwan were determined via Poisson regression analysis and a case-crossover methodology. During the 15-year study period, a total of 379 cases of JE were reported. The incidence of JE showed significant seasonality, with the majority of cases occurring in summertime (for oscillation, p < 0.001). The number of JE cases started to increase at temperatures of 22 °C (r² = 0.88, p < 0.001). Similarly, the number of JE cases began to increase at a relative humidity of 70-74% (r² = 0.75, p < 0.005). The number of JE cases was positively associated with mean temperature and relative humidity in the period preceding the infection. In conclusion, the occurrence of JE is significantly associated with increasing temperature and relative humidity in Taiwan. Therefore, these factors could be regarded as warning signals indicating the need to implement preventive measures.

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Japanese encephalitis Disease and Detection of Disease Hotspots: a Case Study of Gorakhpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, S.; Gupta, R. D.

2014-11-01

In recent times, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) has emerged as a serious public health problem. In India, JE outbreaks were recently reported in Uttar Pradesh, Gorakhpur. The present study presents an approach to use GIS for analyzing the reported cases of JE in the Gorakhpur district based on spatial analysis to bring out the spatial and temporal dynamics of the JE epidemic. The study investigates spatiotemporal pattern of the occurrence of disease and detection of the JE hotspot. Spatial patterns of the JE disease can provide an understanding of geographical changes. Geospatial distribution of the JE disease outbreak is being investigated since 2005 in this study. The JE incidence data for the years 2005 to 2010 is used. The data is then geo-coded at block level. Spatial analysis is used to evaluate autocorrelation in JE distribution and to test the cases that are clustered or dispersed in space. The Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation technique is used to predict the pattern of JE incidence distribution prevalent across the study area. Moran's I Index (Moran's I) statistics is used to evaluate autocorrelation in spatial distribution. The Getis-Ord Gi*(d) is used to identify the disease areas. The results represent spatial disease patterns from 2005 to 2010, depicting spatially clustered patterns with significant differences between the blocks. It is observed that the blocks on the built up areas reported higher incidences.

The junctional epithelium originates from the odontogenic epithelium of an erupted tooth

PubMed Central

Yajima-Himuro, Sara; Oshima, Masamitsu; Yamamoto, Gou; Ogawa, Miho; Furuya, Madoka; Tanaka, Junichi; Nishii, Kousuke; Mishima, Kenji; Tachikawa, Tetsuhiko; Tsuji, Takashi; Yamamoto, Matsuo

2014-01-01

The junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that is directly attached to the tooth surface and has a protective function against periodontal diseases. In this study, we determined the origin of the JE using a bioengineered tooth technique. We transplanted the bioengineered tooth germ into the alveolar bone with an epithelial component that expressed green fluorescence protein. The reduced enamel epithelium from the bioengineered tooth fused with the oral epithelium, and the JE was apparently formed around the bioengineered tooth 50 days after transplantation. Importantly, the JE exhibited green fluorescence for at least 140 days after transplantation, suggesting that the JE was not replaced by oral epithelium. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the origin of the JE was the odontogenic epithelium, and odontogenic epithelium-derived JE was maintained for a relatively long period. PMID:24785116

Comparative Spatial Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Nepal

PubMed Central

Robertson, Colin; Pant, Dhan Kumar; Joshi, Durga Datt; Sharma, Minu; Dahal, Meena; Stephen, Craig

2013-01-01

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease of major importance in Asia. Recent increases in cases have spawned the development of more stringent JE surveillance. Due to the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis, increased tracking of common symptoms associated with JE—generally classified as the umbrella term, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) has been developed in many countries. In Nepal, there is some debate as to what AES cases are, and how JE risk factors relate to AES risk. Three parts of this analysis included investigating the temporal pattern of cases, examining the age and vaccination status patterns among AES surveillance data, and then focusing on spatial patterns of risk factors. AES and JE cases from 2007–2011 reported at a district level (n = 75) were examined in relation to landscape risk factors. Landscape pattern indices were used to quantify landscape patterns associated with JE risk. The relative spatial distribution of landscape risk factors were compared using geographically weighted regression. Pattern indices describing the amount of irrigated land edge density and the degree of landscape mixing for irrigated areas were positively associated with JE and AES, while fragmented forest measured by the number of forest patches were negatively associated with AES and JE. For both JE and AES, the local GWR models outperformed global models, indicating spatial heterogeneity in risks. Temporally, the patterns of JE and AES risk were almost identical; suggesting the relative higher caseload of AES compared to JE could provide a valuable early-warning signal for JE surveillance and reduce diagnostic testing costs. Overall, the landscape variables associated with a high degree of landscape mixing and small scale irrigated agriculture were positively linked to JE and AES risk, highlighting the importance of integrating land management policies, disease prevention strategies and promoting healthy sustainable livelihoods in both rural

Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines: a systematic review.

PubMed

Lopez, Anna Lena; Aldaba, Josephine G; Roque, Vito G; Tandoc, Amado O; Sy, Ava Kristy; Espino, Fe Esperanza; DeQuiroz-Castro, Maricel; Jee, Youngmee; Ducusin, Maria Joyce; Fox, Kimberley K

2015-03-01

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important cause of encephalitis in most of Asia, with high case fatality rates and often significant neurologic sequelae among survivors. The epidemiology of JE in the Philippines is not well defined. To support consideration of JE vaccine for introduction into the national schedule in the Philippines, we conducted a systematic literature review and summarized JE surveillance data from 2011 to 2014. We conducted searches on Japanese encephalitis and the Philippines in four databases and one library. Data from acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and JE surveillance and from the national reference laboratory from January 2011 to March 2014 were tabulated and mapped. We identified 29 published reports and presentations on JE in the Philippines, including 5 serologic surveys, 18 reports of clinical cases, and 8 animal studies (including two with both clinical cases and animal data). The 18 clinical studies reported 257 cases of laboratory-confirmed JE from 1972 to 2013. JE virus (JEV) was the causative agent in 7% to 18% of cases of clinical meningitis and encephalitis combined, and 16% to 40% of clinical encephalitis cases. JE predominantly affected children under 15 years of age and 6% to 7% of cases resulted in death. Surveillance data from January 2011 to March 2014 identified 73 (15%) laboratory-confirmed JE cases out of 497 cases tested. This comprehensive review demonstrates the endemicity and extensive geographic range of JE in the Philippines, and supports the use of JE vaccine in the country. Continued and improved surveillance with laboratory confirmation is needed to systematically quantify the burden of JE, to provide information that can guide prioritization of high risk areas in the country and determination of appropriate age and schedule of vaccine introduction, and to measure the impact of preventive measures including immunization against this important public health threat.

Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Lopez, Anna Lena; Aldaba, Josephine G.; Roque, Vito G.; Tandoc, Amado O.; Sy, Ava Kristy; Espino, Fe Esperanza; DeQuiroz-Castro, Maricel; Jee, Youngmee; Ducusin, Maria Joyce; Fox, Kimberley K.

2015-01-01

Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important cause of encephalitis in most of Asia, with high case fatality rates and often significant neurologic sequelae among survivors. The epidemiology of JE in the Philippines is not well defined. To support consideration of JE vaccine for introduction into the national schedule in the Philippines, we conducted a systematic literature review and summarized JE surveillance data from 2011 to 2014. Methods We conducted searches on Japanese encephalitis and the Philippines in four databases and one library. Data from acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and JE surveillance and from the national reference laboratory from January 2011 to March 2014 were tabulated and mapped. Results We identified 29 published reports and presentations on JE in the Philippines, including 5 serologic surveys, 18 reports of clinical cases, and 8 animal studies (including two with both clinical cases and animal data). The 18 clinical studies reported 257 cases of laboratory-confirmed JE from 1972 to 2013. JE virus (JEV) was the causative agent in 7% to 18% of cases of clinical meningitis and encephalitis combined, and 16% to 40% of clinical encephalitis cases. JE predominantly affected children under 15 years of age and 6% to 7% of cases resulted in death. Surveillance data from January 2011 to March 2014 identified 73 (15%) laboratory-confirmed JE cases out of 497 cases tested. Summary This comprehensive review demonstrates the endemicity and extensive geographic range of JE in the Philippines, and supports the use of JE vaccine in the country. Continued and improved surveillance with laboratory confirmation is needed to systematically quantify the burden of JE, to provide information that can guide prioritization of high risk areas in the country and determination of appropriate age and schedule of vaccine introduction, and to measure the impact of preventive measures including immunization against this important public health threat

The Effect of Vaccination Coverage and Climate on Japanese Encephalitis in Sarawak, Malaysia

PubMed Central

Impoinvil, Daniel E.; Ooi, Mong How; Diggle, Peter J.; Caminade, Cyril; Cardosa, Mary Jane; Morse, Andrew P.

2013-01-01

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis across Asia with approximately 70,000 cases a year and 10,000 to 15,000 deaths. Because JE incidence varies widely over time, partly due to inter-annual climate variability effects on mosquito vector abundance, it becomes more complex to assess the effects of a vaccination programme since more or less climatically favourable years could also contribute to a change in incidence post-vaccination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify vaccination effect on confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases in Sarawak, Malaysia after controlling for climate variability to better understand temporal dynamics of JE virus transmission and control. Methodology/principal findings Monthly data on serologically confirmed JE cases were acquired from Sibu Hospital in Sarawak from 1997 to 2006. JE vaccine coverage (non-vaccine years vs. vaccine years) and meteorological predictor variables, including temperature, rainfall and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) were tested for their association with JE cases using Poisson time series analysis and controlling for seasonality and long-term trend. Over the 10-years surveillance period, 133 confirmed JE cases were identified. There was an estimated 61% reduction in JE risk after the introduction of vaccination, when no account is taken of the effects of climate. This reduction is only approximately 45% when the effects of inter-annual variability in climate are controlled for in the model. The Poisson model indicated that rainfall (lag 1-month), minimum temperature (lag 6-months) and SOI (lag 6-months) were positively associated with JE cases. Conclusions/significance This study provides the first improved estimate of JE reduction through vaccination by taking account of climate inter-annual variability. Our analysis confirms that vaccination has substantially reduced JE risk in Sarawak but this benefit may be overestimated if climate effects

The effect of vaccination coverage and climate on Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak, Malaysia.

PubMed

Impoinvil, Daniel E; Ooi, Mong How; Diggle, Peter J; Caminade, Cyril; Cardosa, Mary Jane; Morse, Andrew P; Baylis, Matthew; Solomon, Tom

2013-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis across Asia with approximately 70,000 cases a year and 10,000 to 15,000 deaths. Because JE incidence varies widely over time, partly due to inter-annual climate variability effects on mosquito vector abundance, it becomes more complex to assess the effects of a vaccination programme since more or less climatically favourable years could also contribute to a change in incidence post-vaccination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify vaccination effect on confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases in Sarawak, Malaysia after controlling for climate variability to better understand temporal dynamics of JE virus transmission and control. Monthly data on serologically confirmed JE cases were acquired from Sibu Hospital in Sarawak from 1997 to 2006. JE vaccine coverage (non-vaccine years vs. vaccine years) and meteorological predictor variables, including temperature, rainfall and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) were tested for their association with JE cases using Poisson time series analysis and controlling for seasonality and long-term trend. Over the 10-years surveillance period, 133 confirmed JE cases were identified. There was an estimated 61% reduction in JE risk after the introduction of vaccination, when no account is taken of the effects of climate. This reduction is only approximately 45% when the effects of inter-annual variability in climate are controlled for in the model. The Poisson model indicated that rainfall (lag 1-month), minimum temperature (lag 6-months) and SOI (lag 6-months) were positively associated with JE cases. This study provides the first improved estimate of JE reduction through vaccination by taking account of climate inter-annual variability. Our analysis confirms that vaccination has substantially reduced JE risk in Sarawak but this benefit may be overestimated if climate effects are ignored.

Breeding patterns of the JE vector Culex gelidus and its insect predators in rice cultivation areas of northern peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Abu Hassan, A; Hamady, D; Tomomitsu, S; Michael, B; Jameel S L, A S

2010-12-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus activity is an important cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia. In Malaysia, JEV activity has been first detected in Culex gelidus in 1976. Since then, no study has fully addressed the seasonal dynamics of this mosquito. As irrigated rice production expands, the incidence of JEV vectors, particularly Cx. gelidus is expected to increase. We surveyed Penang Island to determine the breeding patterns of Cx. gelidus and their potential insect predators, in relation to habitat/niche and rice growing period. Six rice fields proper (RFP) and related drainage canals (DC) were visited through three cultivation cycles (CCs) over 17 months. Weekly visits were performed to each of the 36 sites and mosquito larvae and aquatic insects were sampled from RFP and DCs using dippers. Culex gelidus was abundant in RFP and almost absent in DCs. Its densities usually were high during the first and 3rd CC and when the RFs were in Fp, Pp and Gp. In DCs, the mosquito was abundant during Mp, e.g., 2nd CC. Predators, especially those belonging to the families Corixidae, Coenagrionidae and Dytiscidae, were more present in RFP. Predator numbers usually were high during the first CC; in some cases predator abundance peaked during other CCs, e.g., corixids and dysticids. In RFP, neither corixids nor coenagrionids showed any positive correlation with densities of Cx. gelidus. However, dytiscids' population peaked when the mosquito densities were on the rise. These observations suggest that Cx. gelidus is active during the period of rice cultivation. Operational vector control through bio-control or with insecticides near the end of the rice cultivation season in RFP may prove beneficial in reducing the density of Cx. gelidus, but also the amount of bio-agent or insecticide applied on riceland.

The Spatial Heterogeneity between Japanese Encephalitis Incidence Distribution and Environmental Variables in Nepal

PubMed Central

Impoinvil, Daniel E.; Solomon, Tom; Schluter, W. William; Rayamajhi, Ajit; Bichha, Ram Padarath; Shakya, Geeta; Caminade, Cyril; Baylis, Matthew

2011-01-01

Background To identify potential environmental drivers of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JE) transmission in Nepal, we conducted an ecological study to determine the spatial association between 2005 Nepal JE incidence, and climate, agricultural, and land-cover variables at district level. Methods District-level data on JE cases were examined using Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis to identify spatial clusters from 2004 to 2008 and 2005 data was used to fit a spatial lag regression model with climate, agriculture and land-cover variables. Results Prior to 2006, there was a single large cluster of JE cases located in the Far-West and Mid-West terai regions of Nepal. After 2005, the distribution of JE cases in Nepal shifted with clusters found in the central hill areas. JE incidence during the 2005 epidemic had a stronger association with May mean monthly temperature and April mean monthly total precipitation compared to mean annual temperature and precipitation. A parsimonious spatial lag regression model revealed, 1) a significant negative relationship between JE incidence and April precipitation, 2) a significant positive relationship between JE incidence and percentage of irrigated land 3) a non-significant negative relationship between JE incidence and percentage of grassland cover, and 4) a unimodal non-significant relationship between JE Incidence and pig-to-human ratio. Conclusion JE cases clustered in the terai prior to 2006 where it seemed to shift to the Kathmandu region in subsequent years. The spatial pattern of JE cases during the 2005 epidemic in Nepal was significantly associated with low precipitation and the percentage of irrigated land. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, it is still important to understand environmental drivers of JEV transmission since the enzootic cycle of JEV transmission is not likely to be totally interrupted. Understanding the spatial dynamics of JE risk factors may be useful in providing

Can we differentiate between herpes simplex encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis?

PubMed

Kalita, Jayantee; Misra, Usha Kant; Mani, Vinita Elizabeth; Bhoi, Sanjeev Kumar

2016-07-15

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) occurs without regional and seasonal predilections. HSE is important to differentiate from arboviral encephalitis in endemic areas because of therapeutic potential of HSE. This study evaluates clinical features, MRI and laboratory findings which may help in differentiating HSE from Japanese encephalitis (JE). Confirmed patients with JE and HSE in last 10years were included. The presenting clinical symptoms including demographic information, seizure, behavioral abnormality, focal weakness and movement disorders were noted. Cranial MRI was done and location and nature of signal alteration were noted. Electroencephalography (EEG), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood counts and serum chemistry were done. Outcome was measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Death, functional outcome and neurological sequelae were noted at 3, 6 and 12months follow up, and compared between HSE and JE. Outcome was categorized as poor (mRS;>2) and good (mRS≤2). 97 patients with JE and 40 HSE were included. JE patients were younger than HSE and occurred in post monsoon period whereas HSE occurred throughout the year. Seizure (86% vs 40%) and behavioral abnormality (48% vs 10%) were commoner in HSE; whereas movement disorders (76% vs 0%) and focal reflex loss (42% vs 10%) were commoner in JE. CSF findings and laboratory parameters were similar in both the groups. Thalamic involvement in JE and temporal involvement in HSE were specific markers of respective encephalitis. Delta slowing on EEG was more frequent in JE than HSE. 20% JE and 30% HSE died in the hospital, and at 1year follow up JE patients showed better outcome compared to HSE (48% vs 24%). Memory loss (72% vs 22%) was the predominant sequelae in HSE. Seizure and behavioral abnormality are common features in HSE whereas focal reflex loss is commoner in JE. In a patient with acute encephalitis, thalamic lesion suggests JE and temporal lobe involvement HSE. Long term outcome in JE is better compared to

JE1058BS

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical product bulletin: this bioremediation agent used in oil spill cleanups contains biosurfacant and has the ability to stimulate the biodegradation of oil by indigenous microorganisms. It is a powder, and can be applied without pre-mixing.

Joint Engagement and Early Language in Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome

PubMed Central

Brady, Nancy C.; Fleming, Kandace K.; Warren, Steven F.

2016-01-01

Purpose In this study, we examine joint engagement (JE) in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and its relationship to language abilities and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology at 24 to 36 months (toddler period) and 59 to 68 months (child period). Method Participants were 28 children with FXS (24 boys, four girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted during the toddler period and coded for JE. Language abilities were measured at both ages from a developmental assessment, a functional measure, and from a language sample. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988) was completed at both ages. Results Children with FXS spent more time in supported JE than in coordinated JE. Using a weighted JE variable, we found that children with FXS who had higher weighted JE scores also had more advanced expressive language skills at both the toddler and child periods. Weighted JE was negatively related to autism symptomatology in the toddler period. Conclusion This study provides evidence that children with FXS who use more JE also have more advanced expressive language skills in early development. Therefore, existing early interventions that target JE behaviors may be effective for promoting language, social communication, and social interaction in this population. PMID:27681878

How Socio-Environmental Factors Are Associated with Japanese Encephalitis in Shaanxi, China—A Bayesian Spatial Analysis

PubMed Central

Zhang, Shaobai; Hu, Wenbiao; Zhuang, Guihua

2018-01-01

Evidence indicated that socio-environmental factors were associated with occurrence of Japanese encephalitis (JE). This study explored the association of climate and socioeconomic factors with JE (2006–2014) in Shaanxi, China. JE data at the county level in Shaanxi were supplied by Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Population and socioeconomic data were obtained from the China Population Census in 2010 and statistical yearbooks. Meteorological data were acquired from the China Meteorological Administration. A Bayesian conditional autoregressive model was used to examine the association of meteorological and socioeconomic factors with JE. A total of 1197 JE cases were included in this study. Urbanization rate was inversely associated with JE incidence during the whole study period. Meteorological variables were significantly associated with JE incidence between 2012 and 2014. The excessive precipitation at lag of 1–2 months in the north of Shaanxi in June 2013 had an impact on the increase of local JE incidence. The spatial residual variations indicated that the whole study area had more stable risk (0.80–1.19 across all the counties) between 2012 and 2014 than earlier years. Public health interventions need to be implemented to reduce JE incidence, especially in rural areas and after extreme weather. PMID:29584661

Concomitant or sequential administration of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine and yellow fever 17D vaccine: randomized double-blind phase II evaluation of safety and immunogenicity.

PubMed

Nasveld, Peter E; Marjason, Joanne; Bennett, Sonya; Aaskov, John; Elliott, Suzanne; McCarthy, Karen; Kanesa-Thasan, Niranjan; Feroldi, Emmanuel; Reid, Mark

2010-11-01

A randomized, double-blind, study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) co-administered with live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D strain; Stamaril®, Sanofi Pasteur) or administered successively. Participants (n = 108) were randomized to receive: YF followed by JE-CV 30 days later, JE followed by YF 30 days later, or the co-administration of JE and YF followed or preceded by placebo 30 days later or earlier. Placebo was used in a double-dummy fashion to ensure masking. Neutralizing antibody titers against JE-CV, YF-17D and selected wild-type JE strains was determined using a 50% serum-dilution plaque reduction neutralization test. Seroconversion was defined as the appearance of a neutralizing antibody titer above the assay cut-off post-immunization when not present pre-injection at day 0, or a least a four-fold rise in neutralizing antibody titer measured before the pre-injection day 0 and later post vaccination samples. There were no serious adverse events. Most adverse events (AEs) after JE vaccination were mild to moderate in intensity, and similar to those reported following YF vaccination. Seroconversion to JE-CV was 100% and 91% in the JE/YF and YF/JE sequential vaccination groups, respectively, compared with 96% in the co-administration group. All participants seroconverted to YF vaccine and retained neutralizing titers above the assay cut-off at month six. Neutralizing antibodies against JE vaccine were detected in 82-100% of participants at month six. These results suggest that both vaccines may be successfully co-administered simultaneously or 30 days apart.

Jiawei Erzhiwan improves menopausal metabolic syndrome by enhancing insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells.

PubMed

Wan, Xiao-Meng; Zhang, Mu; Zhang, Pei; Xie, Zhi-Shen; Xu, Feng-Guo; Zhou, Ping; Ma, Shi-Ping; Xu, Xiao-Jun

2016-11-01

Menopausal metabolic syndrome (MMS) is a series of syndrome caused by ovarian function decline and hormone insufficiency, and is a high risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Erzhiwan (EZW), composed of Herba Ecliptae and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been used to treat menopausal syndrome for many years. We added Herba Epimedii, Radix Rehmanniae, and Fructus Corni into EZW, to prepare a new formula, termed Jiawei Erzhiwan (JE). The present study was designed to determine the anti-MMS effects of JE using ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats that were treated with JE for 4 weeks, and β-tc-6 cells and INS cells were used to detected the protect effectiveness of JE. Our results showed JE could increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorated hyperlipidemia. Metabolomics analysis showed that the serum levels of branched and aromatic amino acids were down-regulated in serum by JE administration. Moreover, JE enhanced the function of islet β cells INS-1 and β-tc-6, through increasing the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which was abolished by estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, indicating that JE functions were mediated by ER signaling. Additionally, JE did not induce tumorigenesis in rat mammary tissue or promoted proliferation of MCF-7 and Hela cells. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that JE ameliorated OVX-induced glucose and lipid metabolism disorder through activating estrogen receptor pathway and promoting GSIS in islet β cells, thus indicating that JE could be a safe and effective medication for MMS therapy. Copyright © 2016 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Outbreak of Japanese encephalitis on the island of Saipan, 1990.

PubMed

Paul, W S; Moore, P S; Karabatsos, N; Flood, S P; Yamada, S; Jackson, T; Tsai, T F

1993-05-01

During October 1990, an outbreak of encephalitis occurred on Saipan. Although no virus was isolated, patients seroconverted to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, indicating the first known occurrence of JE on US territory since 1947. Ten cases occurred among a population of 40,000. The prevalence of antibody to JE virus among 234 lifelong Saipan residents surveyed after the outbreak was 4.2%. Age, household crowding, and lack of air conditioning were risk factors for infection. The seroprevalence in pigs, which are important amplifying hosts of JE virus, was 96% (n = 52). None of 288 stored serum specimens from lifelong Saipan residents sampled in 1984 were seropositive. These data suggest that JE virus was recently introduced onto Saipan and that peridomestic factors affected the risk of human infection. Transmission of JE virus probably ended with exhaustion of the supply of susceptible amplifying hosts. Surveillance for human cases and seroconversions in pigs during 1991 revealed no evidence of ongoing JE virus transmission.

Japanese Encephalitis in Malaysia: An Overview and Timeline.

PubMed

Kumar, Kiven; Arshad, Siti Suri; Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi; Abu, Jalila; Toung, Ooi Peck; Abba, Yusuf; Yasmin, A R; Bande, Faruku; Sharma, Reuben; Ong, Bee Lee

2018-05-29

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). It causes encephalitis in human and horses, and may lead to reproductive failure in sows. The first human encephalitis case in Malaya (now Malaysia) was reported during World War II in a British prison in 1942. Later, encephalitis was observed among race horses in Singapore. In 1951, the first JEV was isolated from the brain of an encephalitis patient. The true storyline of JE exposure among humans and animals has not been documented in Malaysia. In some places such as Sarawak, JEV has been isolated from mosquitoes before an outbreak in 1992. JE is an epidemic in Malaysia except Sarawak. There are four major outbreaks reported in Pulau Langkawi (1974), Penang (1988), Perak and Negeri Sembilan (1998-1999), and Sarawak (1992). JE is considered endemic only in Sarawak. Initially, both adults and children were victims of JE in Malaysia, however, according to the current reports; JE infection is only lethal to children in Malaysia. This paper describes a timeline of JE cases (background of each case) from first detection to current status, vaccination programs against JE, diagnostic methods used in hospitals and factors which may contribute to the transmission of JE among humans and animals in Malaysia. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Concomitant or sequential administration of live attenuated japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine and yellow fever 17D vaccine

PubMed Central

Nasveld, Peter E; Marjason, Joanne; Bennett, Sonya; Aaskov, John; Elliott, Suzanne; McCarthy, Karen; Kanesa-thasan, Niranjan; Feroldi, Emmanuel

2010-01-01

A randomized, double-blind, study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) co-administered with live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine (YF-17D strain; Stamaril®, Sanofi Pasteur) or administered sequentially. Participants (n = 108) were randomized to receive: YF followed by JE-CV 30 days later, JE followed by YF 30 days later, or the co-administration of JE and YF followed or preceded by placebo 30 days later or earlier. Placebo was used in a double-dummy fashion to ensure masking. Neutralizing antibody titers against JE-CV, YF-17D and selected wild-type JE virus strains was determined using a 50% serum-dilution plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Seroconversion was defined as the appearance of a neutralizing antibody titer above the assay cut-off post-immunization when not present pre-injection at day 0, or a least a four-fold rise in neutralizing antibody titer measured before the pre-injection day 0 and later post vaccination samples. There were no serious adverse events. Most adverse events (AEs) after JE vaccination were mild to moderate in intensity, and similar to those reported following YF vaccination. Seroconversion to JE-CV was 100% and 91% in the JE/YF and YF/JE sequential vaccination groups, respectively, compared with 96% in the co-administration group. All participants seroconverted to YF vaccine and retained neutralizing titers above the assay cut-off at month six. Neutralizing antibodies against JE vaccine were detected in 82–100% of participants at month six. These results suggest that both vaccines may be successfully co-administered simultaneously or 30 days apart. PMID:20864814

Imidacloprid affects the functional response of predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on Bt cotton.

PubMed

Malaquias, J B; Ramalho, F S; Omoto, C; Godoy, W A C; Silveira, R F

2014-03-01

Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most common asopine species in the neotropical region and its occurrence was reported in several countries of South and Central America, as an important biological control agent for many crops. This study was carried out to identify the imidacloprid impacts on the functional response of predator P. nigrispinus fed on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strain resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, on Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac (Bollgard(®)). Spodoptera frugiperda larvae were used in the following conditions: resistant (1) and susceptible (2) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed on Bollgard(®) cotton leaves (DP 404 BG); and resistant (3) and susceptible (4) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed on non-genetically modified cotton leaves (cultivar DP4049). The predatory behavior of P. nigrispinus was affected by imidacloprid and the type II asymptotic curve was the one that best described the functional response data. Handling time (T h ) of predator females did not differ among treatments in the presence of imidacloprid. The attack rate did decrease, however, due to an increase in the density of larvae offered. Regardless of the treatment (S. frugiperda strain or cotton cultivar), the predation of P. nigrispinus females on S. frugiperda larvae was significantly lower when exposed to imidacloprid, especially at a density of 16 larvae/predator. The predation behavior of P. nigrispinus on S. frugiperda larvae is affected by the insecticide imidacloprid showing that its applications should be used in cotton crop with caution.

A new Cleotomiris species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from North Korea.

PubMed

Konstantinov, Fedor; Simov, Nikolay

2014-04-08

Cleotomiris josifovi is described from the vicinity of Pyong Kang, North Korea. The description of this new species is provided with scanning micrographs of selected structures, and digital microscopic images of habitus and genitalia.

Long-term Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Virus Vaccine in Toddlers and Booster Response 5 Years After Primary Immunization.

PubMed

Kosalaraksa, Pope; Watanaveeradej, Veerachai; Pancharoen, Chitsanu; Capeding, Maria Rosario; Feroldi, Emmanuel; Bouckenooghe, Alain

2017-04-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important mosquito-borne viral disease that is endemic in Asia, Western Pacific countries and Northern Australia. Although there is no antiviral treatment, vaccination is effective in preventing this disease. We followed a cohort of 596 children for 5 years after primary vaccination at 12-18 months of age with JE chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV; IMOJEV) in a multicenter, phase III trial in Thailand and the Philippines to assess antibody persistence and safety. At the end of the 5 years, a subgroup of 85 participants, at 1 site in Thailand, was followed after administration of a JE-CV booster vaccination. JE antibody titers were measured annually after primary vaccination and 28 days after booster vaccination using a 50% plaque reduction neutralization test. Seroprotection was defined as a JE-CV neutralizing antibody titer ≥10 (1/dil). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the proportion of participants maintaining protective JE-CV neutralizing antibody titers. At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after vaccination with JE-CV, 88.5%, 82.9%, 78.2%, 74.0% and 68.6% of the participants followed remained seroprotected. Geometric mean titers in the subgroup assessed after receipt of a booster dose increased from 61.2 (95% confidence interval: 43.8-85.7) pre-booster to 4951 (95% confidence interval: 3928-6241) 28 days post-booster, with all participants seroprotected. There were no safety concerns identified. Protective immune responses persisted for at least 5 years after a JE-CV primary immunization in the majority of participants. JE-CV booster induced a robust immune response even after a 5-year interval.

Using network analysis to explore if professional opinions on Japanese encephalitis risk factors in Nepal reflect a socio-ecological system perspective.

PubMed

Hecker, Kent; El Kurdi, Syliva; Joshi, Durgadatt; Stephen, Craig

2013-12-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and a significant public health problem in Nepal. Its epidemiology is influenced by factors affecting its amplifying hosts (pigs), vectors (mosquitoes), and dead-end hosts (including people). While most control efforts target reduced susceptibility to infection either by vaccination of people or pigs or by reduced exposure to mosquitoes; the economic reality of Nepal makes it challenging to implement standard JE control measures. An ecohealth approach has been nominated as a way to assist in finding and prioritizing locally relevant strategies for JE control that may be viable, feasible, and acceptable. We sought to understand if Nepalese experts responsible for JE management conceived of its epidemiology in terms of a socio-ecological system to determine if they would consider ecohealth approaches. Network analysis suggested that they did not conceive JE risk as a product of a socio-ecological system. Traditional proximal risk factors of pigs, mosquitoes, and vaccination predominated experts' conception of JE risk. People seeking to encourage an ecohealth approach or social change models to JE management in Nepal may benefit from adopting social marketing concepts to encourage and empower local experts to examine JE from a socio-ecological perspective.

Long-term follow-up of Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine: Immune responses in children.

PubMed

Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya; Sirivichayakul, Chukiat; Thisyakorn, Usa; Pancharoen, Chitsanu; Boaz, Mark; Bouckenooghe, Alain; Feroldi, Emmanuel

2016-11-04

A single dose of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) was shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated when given either as a booster to formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE)-vaccine (mouse brain-derived vaccine [MBDV])-primed 2-5-year-olds, or as a primary vaccination to JE-vaccine-naïve 12-24-month-old toddlers in Thailand. A 5-year follow-up assessment of immune response persistence over time was conducted. Four additional visits (at 2, 3, 4, and 5years) for immunologic assessments were added to the original 12-month open-label crossover study, in which 100 healthy children aged 2-5years with a history of two-dose primary vaccination with MBDV (according to the Thai Expanded Program for Immunization schedule), and 200 healthy JE-vaccine-naïve 12-24-month-old toddlers, were randomized 1:1 to receive JE-CV, containing ⩾4 log 10 plaque forming units, 1month before or after hepatitis A control vaccine. In MBDV-primed 2-5-year-olds (n=78), the immune response to the JE-CV vaccine persisted up to at least 5years after vaccination with a single dose of JE-CV, with all (n=78) children seroprotected at the year 5 visit (geometric mean titers [GMT]: 2521/dil). There was no decrease of seroprotection rate over time (100% at 6months post-vaccination and 96.8% (90.3-98.9) at 5yearspost-vaccination). In JE-vaccine-naïve toddlers, a protective immune response persisted up to at least 5years in 58.8% (50.9-66.4) after a single-dose administration of JE-CV (GMT 26.71/dil; sensitivity analysis). A single-dose of JE-CV as a booster following MBDV administration provided long-lasting immunity. In JE-vaccine-naïve toddlers, despite relatively high seroprotection rates persisting over time, a subsequent booster dose is recommended following a JE-CV primary vaccination for long-term protection. This study was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00621764). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cannibalism and virus production in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae fed with two leaf substrates inoculated with Baculovirus spodoptera.

PubMed

Valicente, F H; Tuelher, E S; Pena, R C; Andreazza, R; Guimarães, M R F

2013-04-01

Cannibalism in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (FAW), is a limiting factor in a baculovirus production system. To detect the impact of cannibalism, a two-step bioassay was conducted with different larval ages of FAW fed on two food sources (corn and castor bean leaves) contaminated with the S. frugiperda multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus. In a first bioassay, the food source affected the cannibalism, being higher for all larval ages tested (5-, 6- and 7-day-old larvae) in larvae fed on corn than on those fed on castor bean leaves. Larval mortality, weight equivalent and larval equivalents (LEs) per hectare decreased as the larval age increased. Larval weight, occlusion bodies (OBs)/larva and total OBs increased when the larval age increased. In a second bioassay, in which only 6- and 7-day-old larvae were used because of the performance in the first bioassay, the cannibalism rates were affected by the interaction between food sources and time of feeding (48 and 72 h), reaching the highest values for 6- and 7-day-old larvae fed on corn leaves for 72 h. Mortality of the FAW was affected by the interaction between food sources, larval age and time of feeding. The lowest mortalities were on 7-day-old larvae when they were fed on castor bean leaves for 48 and 72 h. Larval weight, OBs/larva, total OBs and LEs were affected by the interaction between food sources and larval age. A significant correlation was observed between larval weight and OBs/larva that fed on both food sources, suggesting that larval weight can be used to achieve a concentration to be sprayed in 1 ha.

Potential of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in identification of temporomandibular joint effusion compared with T2-weighted images.

PubMed

Imoto, Kenichi; Otonari-Yamamoto, Mika; Nishikawa, Keiichi; Sano, Tsukasa; Yamamoto, Aya

2011-08-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence images in the identification of joint effusion (JE) compared with T2-weighted images. A total of 31 joints (28 patients) with JE were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regions of interest were placed over JE, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and gray matter (GM) on T2-weighted and FLAIR images and their signal intensities compared. The signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of JE and CSF were calculated with GM as the reference point. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used for the statistical analysis. The SIR of JE showed a strong correlation between T2-weighted and FLAIR images. However, no correlation was observed for CSF. The average suppression ratio for JE was lower than that for CSF. MRI using FLAIR sequences revealed that JE was not just water content, but a fluid accumulation containing elements such as protein. Further studies are needed, and FLAIR sequences could be useful for the diagnosis of pain and symptoms of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Copyright © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Specific IgE and IgG to gelatin in children with systemic cutaneous reactions to Japanese encephalitis vaccines.

PubMed

Sakaguchi, M; Miyazawa, H; Inouye, S

2001-06-01

Systemic allergic reactions to Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine that include urticaria, angioedema, and rash have been reported. In Japan, children who suffered from allergic immediate-type reactions to JE vaccine had antigelatin IgE in their sera. However, the immunologic mechanism of allergic nonimmediate-type reactions that consist of cutaneous signs appearing several hours or more after JE vaccination has not been defined. Serum samples were taken from 28 children who showed allergic nonimmediate-type cutaneous reactions to JE vaccine. Furthermore, serum samples were taken from 10 children who showed allergic immediate-type reactions with cutaneous signs and/or respiratory symptoms to JE vaccine. We have defined an immediate-type reaction as one occurring within 1 h after vaccination. Of 10 children who showed immediate-type reactions, all had antigelatin IgE and IgG. Of 28 children who showed systemic nonimmediate-type reactions, one had antigelatin IgE and nine (32%) had antigelatin IgG. The child who had antigelatin IgE showed urticaria 2 h after JE vaccination. These results suggest that some children who showed allergic nonimmediate-type reactions to JE vaccine were sensitized to gelatin.

Single dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine provides long-term protection against Japanese encephalitis: a case-control study in Nepalese children 5 years after immunization. drjbtandan@yahoo.com.

PubMed

Tandan, J B; Ohrr, Heechoul; Sohn, Young Mo; Yoksan, Sutee; Ji, Min; Nam, Chung Mo; Halstead, Scott B

2007-06-28

In July 1999, a single dose of live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was administered to children living in the Bardiya, Banke and Kailali districts of Nepal. In 2004, the original vaccinated population experienced a fifth seasonal exposure to JE. We performed a case-control study comparing the prevalence of the administration of vaccine in patients with JE hospitalized in the Bardiya and Bheri Zonal hospitals and in age-sex matched controls resident in the Bardiya district. Among the 219 village controls, 114 had been vaccinated (52.1%) while only one of 20 JE cases had received live-attenuated JE vaccine. Five years after administration of a single dose, SA 14-14-2 provided a protective efficacy of 96.2% (CI 73.1-99.9%).

IMOJEV(®): a Yellow fever virus-based novel Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

PubMed

Appaiahgari, Mohan Babu; Vrati, Sudhanshu

2010-12-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease of the CNS caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The disease appears in the form of frequent outbreaks in most south- and southeast Asian countries and the virus has become endemic in several areas. There is no licensed therapy available and disease control by vaccination is considered to be most effective. Mouse brain-derived inactivated JE vaccines, although immunogenic, have several limitations in terms of safety, availability and requirement for multiple doses. Owing to these drawbacks, the WHO called for the development of novel, safe and more efficacious JE vaccines. Several candidate vaccines have been developed and at least three of them that demonstrated strong immunogenicity after one or two doses of the vaccine in animal models were subsequently tested in various clinical trials. One of these vaccines, IMOJEV(®) (JE-CV and previously known as ChimeriVax™-JE), is a novel recombinant chimeric virus vaccine, developed using the Yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine vector YFV17D, by replacing the cDNA encoding the envelope proteins of YFV with that of an attenuated JEV strain SA14-14-2. IMOJEV was found to be safe, highly immunogenic and capable of inducing long-lasting immunity in both preclinical and clinical trials. Moreover, a single dose of IMOJEV was sufficient to induce protective immunity, which was similar to that induced in adults by three doses of JE-VAX(®), a mouse brain-derived inactivated JE vaccine. Recently, Phase III trials evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of the chimeric virus vaccine have been successfully completed in some JE-endemic countries and the vaccine manufacturers have filed an application for vaccine registration. IMOJEV may thus be licensed for use in humans as an improved alternative to the currently licensed JE vaccines.

CCL2, but not its receptor, is essential to restrict immune privileged central nervous system-invasion of Japanese encephalitis virus via regulating accumulation of CD11b(+) Ly-6C(hi) monocytes.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Hyoung; Patil, Ajit Mahadev; Choi, Jin Young; Kim, Seong Bum; Uyangaa, Erdenebileg; Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf; Park, Sang-Youel; Lee, John Hwa; Kim, Koanhoi; Eo, Seong Kug

2016-10-01

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a re-emerging zoonotic flavivirus that poses an increasing threat to global health and welfare due to rapid changes in climate and demography. Although the CCR2-CCL2 axis plays an important role in trafficking CD11b(+) Ly-6C(hi) monocytes to regulate immunopathological diseases, little is known about their role in monocyte trafficking during viral encephalitis caused by JEV infection. Here, we explored the role of CCR2 and its ligand CCL2 in JE caused by JEV infection using CCR2- and CCL2-ablated murine models. Somewhat surprisingly, the ablation of CCR2 and CCL2 resulted in starkly contrasting susceptibility to JE. CCR2 ablation induced enhanced resistance to JE, whereas CCL2 ablation highly increased susceptibility to JE. This contrasting regulation of JE progression by CCR2 and CCL2 was coupled to central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of Ly-6C(hi) monocytes and Ly-6G(hi) granulocytes. There was also enhanced expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the CNS of CCL2-ablated mice, which appeared to induce CNS infiltration of these cell populations. However, our data revealed that contrasting regulation of JE in CCR2- and CCL2-ablated mice was unlikely to be mediated by innate natural killer and adaptive T-cell responses. Furthermore, CCL2 produced by haematopoietic stem cell-derived leucocytes played a dominant role in CNS accumulation of Ly-6C(hi) monocytes in infected bone marrow chimeric models, thereby exacerbating JE progression. Collectively, our data indicate that CCL2 plays an essential role in conferring protection against JE caused by JEV infection. In addition, blockage of CCR2, but not CCL2, will aid in the development of strategies for prophylactics and therapeutics of JE. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Short communication: Jersey × Holstein crossbreds compared with pure Holsteins for body weight, body condition score, fertility, and survival during the first three lactations.

PubMed

Heins, B J; Hansen, L B; Hazel, A R; Seykora, A J; Johnson, D G; Linn, J G

2012-07-01

Crossbred cows (n=80) resulting from the use of Jersey (JE) semen on their pure Holstein (HO) dams were compared with pure HO cows (n=77) for body weight, body condition score, fertility, and survival during their first 3 lactations. Cows were in 2 research herds of the University of Minnesota and calved from September 2003 to June 2008. The JE × HO crossbred cows had significantly less body weight during the first (-56 kg), second (-67 kg), and third (-82 kg) lactations than pure HO cows. However, JE × HO cows had significantly greater body condition score during the first (2.94 vs. 2.84), second (2.97 vs. 2.84), and third (2.99 vs. 2.87) lactations than pure HO cows. For fertility, JE × HO cows had fewer days to first breeding during the first (-10.6d), second (-8.4d), and third (-12.3d) lactations than pure HO cows. Crossbred cows were not significantly different from pure HO cows for number of services during first lactation; however, JE × HO cows had significantly fewer services (2.2) than pure HO cows (2.7) during the second lactation. Also, JE × HO cows had significantly fewer days open than pure HO cows in the first (-24 d), second (-42 d), and third (-42 d) lactations. For survival, JE × HO cows were not significantly different from pure HO cows for percentage of cows calving a second time; however, a tendency existed for a higher percentage of JE × HO cows (63.8%) than pure HO cows (49.4%) to calve a third time, and a higher percentage of JE × HO cows calved a third time within 28, 34, and 40 mo of first calving than pure HO cows. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Immunogenicity of a Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine as a booster dose after primary vaccination with SA14-14-2 vaccine in Thai children.

PubMed

Janewongwirot, Pakpoom; Puthanakit, Thanyawee; Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn; Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon; Phasomsap, Chayapa; Chumket, Sompong; Yoksan, Sutee; Pancharoen, Chitsanu

2016-10-17

Japanese Encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) and SA14-14-2 vaccine are live-attenuated JE vaccines produced from the same virus strain. Data on interchangeability is limited. To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of JE-CV booster after primary vaccination with SA14-14-2 vaccine. This study was an open-label clinical trial in Thai children who had received a primary SA14-14-2 vaccination at 12-24monthsbefore enrollment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02602652). JE-CV was administered. A 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 50 ) against three virus strains; JE-CV, SA-14-14-2andwild-type JE virus was measured before and 28-days post vaccination. The laboratory was performed at PRNT 50 titers ⩾10 (1/dil) were considered seroprotective against JE. Geometric mean titer (GMT) of PRNT 50 was calculated. Adverse events were observed for 28days. From March 2014 to June 2015, 50 children (64% male) were enrolled. Mean age and duration after primary vaccination was 26.9 (SD 4.6) and 12.8 (SD 2.7) months, respectively. The proportion of participants who had PRNT 50 pre and post-booster vaccination were 92% and 96% against JE-CV virus, 56% and 98% against SA-14-14-2 strain and 70% and 98% against wild-type JE virus, respectively. Solicited injection site reactions including erythema, pain and swelling occurred in 18%, 10% and 4% of subjects, respectively. Four children (8%) had fever (⩾37.7Celsius). Eight children (16%) had adverse events, which were not related to the vaccine. AJE-CV booster dose is highly immunogenic and safe among children who previously received SA14-14-2 vaccine. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ablation of CD11c(hi) dendritic cells exacerbates Japanese encephalitis by regulating blood-brain barrier permeability and altering tight junction/adhesion molecules.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Hyoung; Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf; Patil, Ajit Mahadev; Choi, Jin Young; Kim, Seong Bum; Uyangaa, Erdenebelig; Park, Sang-Youel; Lee, John-Hwa; Kim, Bumseok; Kim, Koanhoi; Eo, Seong Kug

2016-10-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE), characterized by extensive neuroinflammation following infection with neurotropic JE virus (JEV), is becoming a leading cause of viral encephalitis due to rapid changes in climate and demography. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in restricting neuroinvasion of peripheral leukocytes and virus, thereby regulating the progression of viral encephalitis. In this study, we explored the role of CD11c(hi) dendritic cells (DCs) in regulating BBB integrity and JE progression using a conditional depletion model of CD11c(hi) DCs. Transient ablation of CD11c(hi) DCs resulted in markedly increased susceptibility to JE progression along with highly increased neuro-invasion of JEV. In addition, exacerbated JE progression in CD11c(hi) DC-ablated hosts was closely associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and CC chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CXCL2) in the brain. Moreover, our results revealed that the exacerbation of JE progression in CD11c(hi) DC-ablated hosts was correlated with enhanced BBB permeability and reduced expression of tight junction and adhesion molecules (claudin-5, ZO-1, occluding, JAMs). Ultimately, our data conclude that the ablation of CD11c(hi) DCs provided a subsidiary impact on BBB integrity and the expression of tight junction/adhesion molecules, thereby leading to exacerbated JE progression. These findings provide insight into the secondary role of CD11c(hi) DCs in JE progression through regulation of BBB integrity and the expression of tight junction/adhesion molecules. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Korea TESOL Journal, Fall/Winter 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickey, Robert J., Ed.

2000-01-01

This issue includes the following articles: "A Problem Solving Approach to the Management of Change in Language Education" (Andy Curtis); "Nonverbal Communications Skills in the EFL Curriculum" (Chung-Il Kang); "Korean Student Exposure to English Listening and Speaking: Instruction, Multimedia, Travel Experience and…

The Korean Language in America: Volume 6. Papers from the Annual Conference and Teacher Training Workshop on the Teaching of Korean Language, Culture, and Literature (6th, Manoa, Hawaii, August 2-5, 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ree, Joe Jungno, Ed.

This collection of conference papers includes: (1) "Theories, Evidence, and Practice in Foreign Language Teaching" (Richard Schmidt); (2) "Teaching Korean Grammar in Context: -myen and -ttay" (Sahie Kang); (3) "Teaching Politeness Routines in Korean" (Ho-min Sohn); (4) "Vocabulary-Building Activities"…

Graphene Synthesis and Characterization

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-08

for synthesis electrochemical. - A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (EVO MA from Carl Zeiss). 6 6. RESULTS AND...5, 2332-2339, 2011, High-Quality Thin graphene films from fast electrochemical exfoliation. [13] Da Hee Jung , Cheong Kang, Ji Eun Nam, Jin-Seok Kim

The Effects of Explosive Blast as Compared to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Brain Function and Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Aviyente, S., Kang, S.S., & Sponheim, S.R (2009, October). Beyond Wavelets : Utilizing uniform time and frequency resolution to improve measurement...may also help military leadership and health care professionals prescribe treatments that are personalized to an individual’s underlying brain pathology

Mental Health Impact of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts: A Review of U.S. Research, Service Provision, and Programmatic Responses

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

McFall, M. (2008). Characteristics of deployed Operation Iraqi Freedom military personnel who seek mental health care. Military Medi- cine , 173 , 155...Analysis of VA Health care Utilization among US Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) Veterans . Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. Kang, H.K

Toward a Dialogic Theory of Fundraising

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAllister, Sheila Marie

2013-01-01

Kelly (1991, 1998) theoretically grounded fundraising within the paradigm of public relations. The Internet can potentially help nonprofit organizations boost their volunteer, donor, and fundraising opportunities through effective website management (Kang & Norton, 2004). The work of Kent and Taylor (1998, 2002) and others provides fertile…

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose of a Live Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Vaccine Given 1 Year After Primary Immunization in Healthy Children in the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Dong Soo; Jang, Gwang Cheon; Cha, Sung-Ho; Choi, Soo-Han; Kim, Hwang Min; Kim, Ji Hong; Kang, Jin Han; Kim, Jong-Hyun; Kim, Ki Hwan; Bang, Joon; Naimi, Zulaikha; Bouckenooghe, Alain; Bosch-Castells, Valérie; Houillon, Guy

2016-02-01

This study evaluated the effect of a booster vaccination of a new, live attenuated, Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (JE-CV). Previously this vaccine has been used as a booster 12 months after priming with an inactivated vaccine and at >24 months after priming with the same JE-CV. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of the JE-CV given at 12-24 months after JE-CV priming. Phase III, open-label study in the Republic of Korea in which 119 children previously vaccinated with JE-CV at 12-24 months of age received a JE-CV booster at 12-24 months after primary vaccination. JE neutralizing antibody titers were measured using >50% plaque reduction neutralization test prebooster and 1 month postbooster vaccination. Seroprotection (SP) was defined as ≥10 (1/dil). Safety was assessed for 28 days postvaccination by parental reports. Serious adverse events were monitored for 6 months postvaccination. Antibody persistence was high prebooster (SP rate 93.5%). There was a strong anamnestic response postbooster vaccination, with an SP rate of 100% and a >50-fold increase in geometric mean titer from the prebooster level. Both antibody persistence and the booster response were independent of whether the booster was given at 12-17 or 18-24 months. The safety profile was good and comparable with the primary vaccination; there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events and no deaths. This study confirms the suitability of a JE-CV booster vaccination at 12-24 months after a primary dose of the same vaccine given at 12-24 months of age in children in the Republic of Korea.

Intranasal Insulin: A Novel Treatment for Gulf War Multisymptom Illness

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

exposed to pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide . Fort Detrick, MD: US Army Medical Research and Material Command. Li B, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Eisen SA...War veterans: pyridostigmine bromide use and PTSD. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 25(2):95-103. Tillman GD, Green TA, Ferree

Figure_2_data

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Data for Figure 2This dataset is associated with the following publication:Sarwar, G., D. Kang, K. Foley, D. Schwede, B. Gantt, and R. Mathur. Technical note: Examining ozone deposition over seawater. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 141: 255–262, (2016).

A Novel Low-Cost Approach to Estimate the Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in the Catchment Area of Three Hospitals in Bangladesh

PubMed Central

Paul, Repon C.; Rahman, Mahmudur; Gurley, Emily S.; Hossain, M. Jahangir; Diorditsa, Serguei; Hasan, ASM Mainul; Banu, Sultana S.; Alamgir, ASM; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Sandhu, Hardeep; Fischer, Marc; Luby, Stephen P.

2011-01-01

Acute meningoencephalitis syndrome surveillance was initiated in three medical college hospitals in Bangladesh in October 2007 to identify Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases. We estimated the population-based incidence of JE in the three hospitals' catchment areas by adjusting the hospital-based crude incidence of JE by the proportion of catchment area meningoencephalitis cases who were admitted to surveillance hospitals. Instead of a traditional house-to-house survey, which is expensive for a disease with low frequency, we attempted a novel approach to identify meningoencephalitis cases in the hospital catchment area through social networks among the community residents. The estimated JE incidence was 2.7/100,000 population in Rajshahi (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–4.9), 1.4 in Khulna (95% CI = 0.9–4.1), and 0.6 in Chittagong (95% CI = 0.4–0.9). Bangladesh should consider a pilot project to introduce JE vaccine in high-incidence areas. PMID:21813862

Enhancement of Antiviral Agents through the Use of Controlled-Release Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-11

Microencapsulated Poly(I*C) 10 B. Comparison of the Subcutaneous and Intraperltoneal Routes of Poly(I*C) Microcapsule Administration 11 C... microencapsulation solvents and techniques in order to improve the core loading and surface morphology of the JE vaccine microcapsules . After...Days 0, 14, and 42, d3.0 mg unencapsulated JE vaccine, 3.0 mg microencapsulated JE vaccine prepared with 50:50 DL-PLG excipient ( microcapsule Batch

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 17, Number 06, June 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

of vaccine safety and effi cacy trials, and advocacy for U.S. licensure of JE vaccines .9 During World War II, LTC Albert Sabin conducted pioneering...the improved safety profi le of second-generation vaccines , and the geographic spread of JE virus over the past 50 years warrant continued...control of JE, including characterization of the ecology of JEV, development of fi rst and second generation vaccines and diagnostic assays, conduct

Japanese encephalitis vaccines: current vaccines and future prospects.

PubMed

Monath, T P

2002-01-01

Vaccination against JE ideally should be practiced in all areas of Asia where the virus is responsible for human disease. The WHO has placed a high priority on the development of a new vaccine for prevention of JE. Some countries in Asia (Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and the PRC) manufacture JE vaccines and practice childhood immunization, while other countries suffering endemic or epidemic disease (India, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines) have no JE vaccine manufacturing or policy for use. With the exception of the PRC, all countries practicing JE vaccination use formalin inactivated mouse brain vaccines, which are relatively expensive and are associated with rare but clinically significant allergic and neurological adverse events. New inactivated JE vaccines manufactured in Vero cells are in advanced preclinical or early clinical development in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the PRC. An empirically derived, live attenuated vaccine (SA14-14-2) is widely used in the PRC. Trials in the PRC have shown SA14-14-2 to be safe and effective when administered in a two-dose regimen, but regulatory concerns over manufacturing and control have restricted international distribution. The genetic basis of attenuation of SA14-14-2 has been partially defined. A new live attenuated vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE) that uses a reliable flavivirus vaccine--yellow fever 17D--as a live vector for the envelope genes of SA14-14-2 virus is in early clinical trials and appears to be well tolerated and immunogenic after a single dose. Vaccinia and avipox vectored vaccines have also been tested clinically, but are no longer being pursued due to restricted effectiveness mediated by anti-vector immunity. Other approaches to JE vaccines--including naked DNA, oral vaccination, and recombinant subunit vaccines--have been reviewed.

Effect of irrigated rice agriculture on Japanese encephalitis, including challenges and opportunities for integrated vector management.

PubMed

Keiser, Jennifer; Maltese, Michael F; Erlanger, Tobias E; Bos, Robert; Tanner, Marcel; Singer, Burton H; Utzinger, Jürg

2005-07-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease caused by an arbovirus that is spread by marsh birds, amplified by pigs, and mainly transmitted by the bite of infected Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. The estimated annual incidence and mortality rates are 30,000--50,000 and 10,000, respectively, and the estimated global burden of JE in 2002 was 709,000 disability-adjusted life years lost. Here, we discuss the contextual determinants of JE, and systematically examine studies assessing the relationship between irrigated rice agriculture and clinical parameters of JE. Estimates of the sizes of the rural population and population in irrigated areas are presented, and trends of the rural population, the rice-irrigated area, and the rice production are analyzed from 1963 to 2003. We find that approximately 1.9 billion people currently live in rural JE-prone areas of the world. Among them 220 million people live in proximity to rice-irrigation schemes. In 2003, the total rice harvested area of all JE-endemic countries (excluding the Russian Federation and Australia) was 1,345,000 km(2). This is an increase of 22% over the past 40 years. Meanwhile, the total rice production in these countries has risen from 226 millions of tonnes to 529 millions of tonnes (+134%). Finally, we evaluate the effect of different vector control interventions in rice fields, including environmental measures (i.e. alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWDI)), and biological control approaches (i.e. bacteria, nematodes, invertebrate predators, larvivorous fish, fungi and other natural products). We conclude that in JE-endemic rural settings, where vaccination rates are often low, an integrated vector management approach with AWDI and the use of larvivorous fish as its main components can reduce vector populations, and hence has the potential to reduce the transmission level and the burden of JE.

Regional variation in pig farmer awareness and actions regarding Japanese encephalitis in Nepal: implications for public health education.

PubMed

Dhakal, Santosh; Joshi, Durga Datt; Ale, Anita; Sharma, Minu; Dahal, Meena; Shah, Yogendra; Pant, Dhan Kumar; Stephen, Craig

2014-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that has pigs as the major amplifying hosts. It is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in people in Nepal and is spreading in its geographic distribution in that country. Pig farming is increasing in Nepal due to reducing cultural biases against pigs and government programs to support pig farming for poverty alleviation. Major strategies for JE prevention and control include education, vector control, and immunization of people and pigs. This study used a survey of 400 pig farmers in 4 areas of Nepal with different JE and pig farming histories to explore regional variations in farmer awareness and actions towards JE, the association of awareness and actions with farm and farmer variables, and the implications of these associations for public health education. Exposure to JE risk factors was common across pig farms and pig farming districts but there were significant district level differences in knowledge and practices related to on-farm JE risk reduction. Social factors such as literacy, gender, and cultural practices were associated with farmer attitudes, knowledge and practices for JE control. JE vaccine uptake was almost non-existent and mosquito control steps were inconsistently applied across all 4 districts. Income was not a determining factor of the differences, but all farmers were very poor. The low uptake of vaccine and lack of infrastructure or financial capacity to house pigs indoors or away from people suggest that farmer personal protection should be a priority target for education in Nepal. This study re-enforces the need to attack root causes of people's personal disease prevention behaviours and take into account local variation in needs and capacities when designing health or agriculture education programs.

Japanese encephalitis: the vectors, ecology and potential for expansion.

PubMed

Pearce, James C; Learoyd, Tristan P; Langendorf, Benjamin J; Logan, James G

2018-05-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral disease predominantly located in South East Asia and commonly associated with transmission between amplifying hosts, such as pigs, and the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus, where human infection represents a dead end in the life cycle of the virus. The expansion of JE beyond an Asiatic confine is dependent on a multitude of complex factors that stem back to genetic subtype variation. A complex interplay of the genetic variation and vector competencies combine with variables such as geography, climate change and urbanization. Our understanding of JE is still at an early stage with long-term longitudinal vector surveillance necessary to better understand the dynamics of JE transmission and to characterize the role of potential secondary vectors such as Cx. pipiens and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. The authors review the vectors indicated in transmission and the ecological, genetic and anthropological factors that affect the disease's range and epidemiology. Monitoring for the presence of JE virus in mosquitoes in general can be used to estimate levels of potential JE exposure, intensity of viral activity and genetic variation of JEV throughout surveyed areas. Increased surveillance and diagnosis of viral encephalitis caused by genotype 5 JE virus is required in particular, with the expansion in epidemiology and disease prevalence in new geographic areas an issue of great concern. Additional studies that measure the impact of vectors (e.g. bionomics and vector competence) in the transmission of JEV and that incorporate environmental factors (e.g. weekly rainfall) are needed to define the roles of Culex species in the viral pathogenesis during outbreak and non-outbreak years.

Decerebrate posture

MedlinePlus

... posture; Decorticate posture - decerebrate posture References Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Neurologic system. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. ...

Hypermobile joints

MedlinePlus

... Hypermobility syndrome Images Hypermobile joints References Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Musculoskeletal system. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. ...

Anatomy assisted PET image reconstruction incorporating multi-resolution joint entropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Jing; Rahmim, Arman

2015-01-01

A promising approach in PET image reconstruction is to incorporate high resolution anatomical information (measured from MR or CT) taking the anato-functional similarity measures such as mutual information or joint entropy (JE) as the prior. These similarity measures only classify voxels based on intensity values, while neglecting structural spatial information. In this work, we developed an anatomy-assisted maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction algorithm wherein the JE measure is supplied by spatial information generated using wavelet multi-resolution analysis. The proposed wavelet-based JE (WJE) MAP algorithm involves calculation of derivatives of the subband JE measures with respect to individual PET image voxel intensities, which we have shown can be computed very similarly to how the inverse wavelet transform is implemented. We performed a simulation study with the BrainWeb phantom creating PET data corresponding to different noise levels. Realistically simulated T1-weighted MR images provided by BrainWeb modeling were applied in the anatomy-assisted reconstruction with the WJE-MAP algorithm and the intensity-only JE-MAP algorithm. Quantitative analysis showed that the WJE-MAP algorithm performed similarly to the JE-MAP algorithm at low noise level in the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) regions in terms of noise versus bias tradeoff. When noise increased to medium level in the simulated data, the WJE-MAP algorithm started to surpass the JE-MAP algorithm in the GM region, which is less uniform with smaller isolated structures compared to the WM region. In the high noise level simulation, the WJE-MAP algorithm presented clear improvement over the JE-MAP algorithm in both the GM and WM regions. In addition to the simulation study, we applied the reconstruction algorithms to real patient studies involving DPA-173 PET data and Florbetapir PET data with corresponding T1-MPRAGE MRI images. Compared to the intensity-only JE-MAP algorithm, the WJE

Empirical source strength correlations for rans-based acoustic analogy methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kube-McDowell, Matthew Tyndall

JeNo is a jet noise prediction code based on an acoustic analogy method developed by Mani, Gliebe, Balsa, and Khavaran. Using the flow predictions from a standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics solver, JeNo predicts the overall sound pressure level and angular spectra for high-speed hot jets over a range of observer angles, with a processing time suitable for rapid design purposes. JeNo models the noise from hot jets as a combination of two types of noise sources; quadrupole sources dependent on velocity fluctuations, which represent the major noise of turbulent mixing, and dipole sources dependent on enthalpy fluctuations, which represent the effects of thermal variation. These two sources are modeled by JeNo as propagating independently into the far-field, with no cross-correlation at the observer location. However, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics solutions demonstrate that this assumption is false. In this thesis, the theory, assumptions, and limitations of the JeNo code are briefly discussed, and a modification to the acoustic analogy method is proposed in which the cross-correlation of the two primary noise sources is allowed to vary with the speed of the jet and the observer location. As a proof-of-concept implementation, an empirical correlation correction function is derived from comparisons between JeNo's noise predictions and a set of experimental measurements taken for the Air Force Aero-Propulsion Laboratory. The empirical correlation correction is then applied to JeNo's predictions of a separate data set of hot jets tested at NASA's Glenn Research Center. Metrics are derived to measure the qualitative and quantitative performance of JeNo's acoustic predictions, and the empirical correction is shown to provide a quantitative improvement in the noise prediction at low observer angles with no freestream flow, and a qualitative improvement in the presence of freestream flow. However, the results also demonstrate

Lean Six Sigma for Reduced Cycle Costs and Improved Readiness

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-30

The Acquisition Chair, Graduate School of Business & Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School supported the funding of the research presented herein...Graduate School of Business & Public Policy ________________________________ Keebom Kang, Associate Professor Graduate School of Business & Public...Policy Reviewed by: ________________________________ Robert N. Beck Dean, Graduate School of Business & Public Policy Released by

Chills

MedlinePlus

... Accessed February 20, 2017. Hall JE. Body temperature regulation and fever. In: Hall JE, ed. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 74. ...

Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Immunogenicity, protective efficacy, effectiveness, and impact on the burden of disease

PubMed Central

Gore, Milind M.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health concern in most of Asia. The disease is caused by JE virus (JEV), a flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Several vaccines have been developed to control JE in endemic areas as well as to protect travelers and military personnel who visit or are commissioned from non-endemic to endemic areas. The vaccines include inactivated vaccines produced in mouse brain or cell cultures, live attenuated vaccines, and a chimeric vaccine based on the live attenuated yellow fever virus 17D vaccine strain. All the marketed vaccines belong to the JEV genotype III, but have been shown to be efficacious against other genotypes and strains, with varying degrees of cross-neutralization, albeit at levels deemed to be protective. The protective responses have been shown to last three or more years, depending on the type of vaccine and the number of doses. This review presents a brief account of the different JE vaccines, their immunogenicity and protective ability, and the impact of JE vaccines in reducing the burden of disease in endemic countries. PMID:28301270

Diagnosis and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus infected in horses.

PubMed

Lian, W C; Liau, M Y; Mao, C L

2002-10-01

Nervous disorders were found in two horses and verified as aseptic encephalitis by necropsy in the summer of 2000. To investigate agents that affected the horses, diagnostic procedures involving virus isolation, neutralization test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. We intracranially inoculated litters of suckling mice with tissues suspected of containing aseptic encephalitis, including cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, and cerebrospinal fluids; the mice were then observed for 14 days. Neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses were present in the cerebrospinal fluid of the horses in titers of 10. Sequences of 500 nucleotides of the premembrane gene of JE virus, synthesized by RT-PCR, from both the cerebrum and cerebellum were determined. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the premembrane gene revealed a relationship with the JE virus. The divergences at the nucleotide level of 1.2-5.7% and at the amino acid level of 0-4.3% were conserved with other JE strains. The results demonstrated that the pathogens causing equine encephalitis were JE viruses. The strains were closely related to Taiwanese isolates.

The blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum is the initial site for the Japanese encephalitis virus entering the central nervous system.

PubMed

Liu, Tsan-Hsiun; Liang, Li-Ching; Wang, Chien-Chih; Liu, Huei-Chung; Chen, Wei-June

2008-11-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a member of the encephalitic flaviviruses and frequently causes neurological sequelae in a proportion of patients who survive the acute phase of the infection. In the present study, we molecularly identified viral infection in the brain of mice with rigidity of hindlimbs and/or abnormal gait, in which JE virus particles appeared within membrane-bound vacuoles of neurons throughout the central nervous system. Deformation of tight junctions (TJs) shown as dissociation of endothelial cells in capillaries, implying that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been compromised by JE virus infection. BBB permeability evidently increased in the cerebrum, but not in the cerebellum, of JE virus-infected mice intravenously injected with the tracer of Evans blue dye. This suggests that the permeability of the BBB differentially changed in response to viral infection, leading to the entry of JE virions and/or putatively infected leukocytes from the periphery to the cerebrum as the initial site of infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Theoretically, the virus spread to the cerebellum soon after the cerebrum became infected.

Transillumination

MedlinePlus

... test References Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Examination techniques and equipment. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Seidel's Guide to Physical ...

Blood pressure measurement

MedlinePlus

... pubmed/27979896 . Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Examination techniques and equipment. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Seidel's Guide to Physical ...

Job embeddedness and nurse retention.

PubMed

Reitz, O Ed; Anderson, Mary Ann; Hill, Pamela D

2010-01-01

Nurse retention is a different way of conceptualizing the employer-employee relationship when compared with turnover. Job embeddedness (JE), a construct based on retention, represents the sum of reasons why employees remain at their jobs. However, JE has not been investigated in relation to locale (urban or rural) or exclusively with a sample of registered nurses (RNs). The purpose of this study was to determine what factors (JE, age, gender, locale, and income) help predict nurse retention. A cross-sectional mailed survey design was used with RNs in different locales (urban or rural). Job embeddedness was measured by the score on the composite, standardized instrument. Nurse retention was measured by self-report items concerning intent to stay. A response rate of 49.3% was obtained. The typical respondent was female (96.1%), white, non-Hispanic (87.4%), and married (74.9%). Age and JE were predictive of nurse retention and accounted for 26% of the explained variance in intent to stay. Although age was a significant predictor of intent to stay, it accounted for only 1.4% of the variance while JE accounted for 24.6% of the variance of nurse retention (as measured by intent to stay). Older, more "embedded" nurses are more likely to remain employed in their current organization. Based on these findings, JE may form the basis for the development of an effective nurse retention program.

Short-term effects of floods on Japanese encephalitis in Nanchong, China, 2007-2012: A time-stratified case-crossover study.

PubMed

Zhang, Feifei; Liu, Zhidong; Zhang, Caixia; Jiang, Baofa

2016-09-01

This time-stratified case-crossover study aimed to quantify the impact of floods on daily Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases from 2007 to 2012 in Nanchong city of Sichuan Province, China. Using conditional logistic regression analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at different lagged days, adjusting for daily average temperature (AT) and daily average relative humidity (ARH). A total of 370 JE cases were notified during the study period, with the median patient age being 4.2years. The seasonal pattern of JE cases clustered in July and August during the study period. Floods were significantly associated with an increased number of JE cases from lag 23 to lag 24, with the strongest lag effect at lag 23 (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.14-3.52). Similarly, AT and ARH were positively associated with daily JE cases from lag 0 to lag 8 and from lag 0 to lag 9, respectively. Floods, with AT and ARH, can be used to forecast JE outbreaks in the study area. Based on the results of this study, recommendations include undertaking control measures before the number of cases increases, especially for regions with similar geographic, climatic, and socio-economic conditions as those in the study area. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Protein crystallization aboard the Space Shuttle and the Mir space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delbaere, Louis T. J.; Vandonselaar, Margaret; Prasad, Lata; Quail, J. W.; Birnbaum, George I.; Delucas, Lawrence J.; Moore, Karen; Bugg, Charles E.

1993-01-01

Two different protein crystallizations, namely ,the free Fab fragment of the Je142 monoclonal antibody and the complex of Fab fragment/HPr with antigen, were performed aboard the Discovery Space Shuttle flights and the Mir space station, respectively. Medium sized crystals of the Je142 Fab fragment were obtained. The Je142 Fab fragment/Hpr complex produced two medium-sized crystals after two months aboard the Mir space station. Microgravity was found to eliminate the tendency of these crystals to form clusters.

An economic evaluation of the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the expanded program of immunization of Guizhou province, China.

PubMed

Yin, Zundong; Beeler Asay, Garrett R; Zhang, Li; Li, Yixing; Zuo, Shuyan; Hutin, Yvan J; Ning, Guijun; Sandhu, Hardeep S; Cairns, Lisa; Luo, Huiming

2012-08-10

Historically, China's Japanese encephalitis vaccination program was a mix of household purchase of vaccine and government provision of vaccine in some endemic provinces. In 2006, Guizhou, a highly endemic province in South West China, integrated JE vaccine into the provincial Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI); later, in 2007 China fully integrated 28 provinces into the national EPI, including Guizhou, allowing for vaccine and syringe costs to be paid at the national level. We conducted a retrospective economic analysis of JE integration into EPI in Guizhou province. We modeled two theoretical cohorts of 100,000 persons for 65 years; one using JE live-attenuated vaccine in EPI (first dose: 95% coverage and 94.5% efficacy; second dose: 85% coverage and 98% efficacy) and one not. We assumed 60% sensitivity of surveillance for reported JE rates, 25% case fatality, 30% chronic disability and 3% discounting. We reviewed acute care medical records and interviewed a sample of survivors to estimate direct and indirect costs of illness. We reviewed the EPI offices expenditures in 2009 to estimate the average Guizhou program cost per vaccine dose. Use of JE vaccine in EPI for 100,000 persons would cost 434,898 US$ each year (46% of total cost due to vaccine) and prevent 406 JE cases, 102 deaths, and 122 chronic disabilities (4554 DALYs). If we ignore future cost savings and only use EPI program cost, the program would cost 95.5 US$/DALY, less than China Gross Domestic Product per capita in 2009 (3741 US$). From a cost-benefit perspective taking into account future savings, use of JE vaccine in EPI for a 100,000-person cohort would lead to savings of 1,591,975 US$ for the health system and 11,570,989 US$ from the societal perspective. In Guizhou, China, use of JE vaccine in EPI is a cost effective investment. Furthermore, it would lead to savings for the health system and society. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Willingness to Communicate in English as a Second Language as a Stable Trait or Context-Influenced Variable: Case Studies of Iranian Migrants to New Zealand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Denise

2013-01-01

Whether Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is a permanent trait or is modified by situational context has previously been investigated in various studies (e.g. Cao & Philp, 2006; Kang, 2005; MacIntyre & Legatto, 2011). However, most research into WTC has been quantitative or conducted in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Study…

Examining the Complexities of School-Museum Partnerships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gupta, Preeti; Adams, Jennifer; Kisiel, James; Dewitt, Jennifer

2010-01-01

We examine the research conducted by Kang, Anderson and Wu by discussing it in a larger context of science museum-school partnerships. We review how the disconnect that exists between stakeholders, the historical and cultural contexts in which formal and informal institutions are situated, and ideas of globalization, mediate the success for…

Synthesis and Characterization of Electroactive Polymers Based on Pyrrole

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

169. 5. E.T. Kang, K.G. Neoh and H.C. Ti, Solid State Communications, 1986, 60, 457. 6. Osamu Niwa, Masami Kakuchi, and Toshiaki Tamamura, 7...1987, 18, 49. 8. Keiko Koga, Takao lino, Shigeyuki Ueta, and Motowo Takayanagi , Polymer. Journal, 1989, 21, 499. 9. S.E. Lindesey and G.B. Street

Development of a Visual System Interface to Support a Domain-Oriented Application Composition System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-23

Austin Texas, 1990. 25. Kang, Kyo C. and others. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Tech- nical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, Software...Validation and Analysis of the Architect Visual System. .. .. .. .. .... ....... 5-1 5.1 Validation Domain...5-2 5.3 Analysis .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .... .... .. ....... 5-2 5.3.1 The REFINE Environment

Retail Therapy: In the News and in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jonggeun; Marcketti, Sara B.

2017-01-01

Retail therapy is suggested as a way for consumers to achieve happiness from the negative emotional state of modern life (Kang & Johnson, 2010). The practice of retail therapy has been referred to as "compensatory consumption" because it occurs "when an individual feels a need, lack, or desire which they cannot satisfy with a…

Implementation of a Curriculum-Integrated Computer Game for Introducing Scientific Argumentation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallon, Robert C.; Jasti, Chandana; Lauren, Hillary Z. G.; Hug, Barbara

2018-01-01

Argumentation has been emphasized in recent US science education reform efforts (NGSS Lead States 2013; NRC 2012), and while existing studies have investigated approaches to introducing and supporting argumentation (e.g., McNeill and Krajcik in "Journal of Research in Science Teaching," 45(1), 53-78, 2008; Kang et al. in "Science…

ADP Regulates the Structure and Function of the Protein KaiC

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-11

J. S., Lee, Y., Kang, S., Lee, D., Li, S., Britt, R. D., Rust , M., J., Golden, S., S., LiWang, A. (2015) A protein fold switch joins the circadian... Rust , M.J. (2013). Robust and tunable circadian rhythms from differentially sensitive catalytic domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 1124- 1129

Japanese Encephalitis: Frequently Asked Questions

MedlinePlus

... the vaccine, what should I do? What is Japanese encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a potentially severe ... cause inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Where does Japanese encephalitis occur? JE occurs in Asia and parts ...

Fitness costs of Cry1F resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from Puerto Rico and Florida.

PubMed

Dangal, Vikash; Huang, Fangneng

2015-05-01

The development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major target pest of Bt maize in North and South America. This insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to Bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. The objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the Cry1F resistance in two populations of S. frugiperda collected from Puerto Rico (RR-PR) and Florida (RR-FL). In the study, fitness costs were evaluated by comparing survival, growth, and developmental time of seven populations of S. frugiperda on (1) non-Bt meridic diet and (2) non-Bt maize leaf tissue and non-Bt diet. The seven populations were RR-PR, RR-FL, a Bt-susceptible strain (Bt-SS), and four F1 populations developed from reciprocal crosses between Bt-SS and the two resistant populations. Biological parameters measured were neonate-to-adult survivorship, neonate-to-adult developmental time, 10day larval weight on non-Bt maize leaf tissue, pupal weight, and sex ratios. Results of the study show that the Cry1F resistance in both RR-PR and RR-FL was associated with considerable fitness costs, especially for the Florida population. Compared to the Bt-susceptible population, RR-PR showed an average of 61.1% reduction in larval weight, 20.4% less in neonate-to-adult survivorship, and 3.7days delay in neonate-to-adult developmental time. These fitness costs for RR-FL were 66.9%, 31.7% and 4.4days, respectively. The fitness costs of RR-PR and RR-FL appeared to be non-recessive. The results indicate that a diversified genetic basis may exist for the Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Leukemia

MedlinePlus

... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ...

Mobile Augmented Reality: Applications and Human Factors Evaluations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

Reconstruction, Kluwer Academic Publishers. [8] M.A. Livingston, L.J. Rosenblum, S.J. Julier, D.G. Brown, Y. Baillot, J.E. Swan II, J.L. Gabbard , and D...Education Conference. [9] M.A. Livingston, J.E. Swan II, J.L. Gabbard , T. Höllerer, D. Hix, S.J. Julier, Y. Baillot, and D.G. Brown (2003...J.E. Swan II, M.A. Livingston, H.S. Smallman, D.G. Brown, Y. Baillot, J.L. Gabbard , and D. Hix (2006). “A Perceptual Matching Technique for Depth

Index to the Field Artillery Journal, Author and Subject Index, January 1977 - December 1981. Volumes 45-49

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

FA 48:3,4 N-D 󈨔 ARCHIVES USAFAS Archives Program Needs input. Feature 48:22 My-Je 󈨔 ARCTIC Arctic Artillery. Rick Hayeland SG USA 46:72-75 My-Je...the Soviet Soldier. 47:8-12 N-D 󈨓 DECONTAMINATION, NUCLEAR Decontaminate and Survive. Kenneth A. Riordan CPT INF 46:58,59 Mr-Ap 󈨒 DEFENSES...Artillery. Feature 46:41 Jil-Ag 󈨒 HAYLELAND, RICK Arctic Artillery. 46:72-75 My-Je 󈨒 HEARING LOSS The Medical Effects of Blast Overpressure. Leslie B

Macrootlocus, a CAD Design Tool for Feedback Control Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

var Form :DecForm; Str :DecStr; begin 125 Form.Style, :. FixedDecimal; Forrr.Digits :. 0; Num2Str(Form, 1, Str ); lntToStr :. Str ; end; { lntToStr...School Monterey, CA 93943 15. Hong-on Kim SMC2665 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 16. Kang, Mung Hung SMC1375 Naval Postgraduate School

OP-AMPS on Flexible Substrates with Printable Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-10

Zinc Tin Oxide Thin - Film - Transistor Enhancement...II196, 2010. [3] D. Geng, D. H. Kang, and J. Jang, "High-Performance Amorphous Indium-Gallium- Zinc - Oxide Thin - Film Transistor With a Self-Aligned...B., Dodabalapur, A., “Band transport and mobility edge in amorphous solution-processed zinc tin oxide thin - film transistors ”, Applied

Mammographic Breast Density in a Cohort of Medically Underserved Women

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

94http : / / www.elsev ier .com/ locate / jeghPerinatal factors and breast cancer risk among HispanicsMaureen Sanderson a,b,*, Adriana Pérez c,d, Mirabel...risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:1088–100. [3] Park SK, Kang D, McGlynn KA

Infusing Classrooms with Web 2.0 Technologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Velasco, Richard Carlos L.

2018-01-01

The evolution of digital technologies over the past couple of decades has contributed to a paradigm shift in education where the internet and web-based applications have become ubiquitous in primary and secondary classrooms (Glassman & Kang, 2011). With this shift came the digital phenomena known today as Web 2.0 technologies. Web 2.0…

Identification of the Structure Model of the Si(111)-(5×2)-Au Surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirasawa, Tetsuroh; Voegeli, Wolfgang; Nojima, Takehiro; Iwasawa, Yusaku; Yamaguchi, Yudai; Takahashi, Toshio

2014-10-01

The atomic structure of the Si(111)-(5×2)-Au surface, a periodic gold chain on the silicon surface, has been a long-debated issue in surface science. The recent three candidates, the so-called Erwin-Barke-Himpsel (EBH) model [S. C. Erwin, I. Barke, and F. J. Himpsel, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155409 (2009)], the Abukawa-Nishigaya (AN) model [T. Abukawa and Y. Nishigaya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 036102 (2013)], and the Kwon-Kang (KK) model [S. G. Kwon and M. H. Kang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 086101 (2014)] that has one additional Au atom than the EBH model are tested by surface x-ray diffraction data. A two-dimensional Patterson map constructed from the in-plane diffraction intensities rejects the AN model and prefers the KK model over the EBH model. On the basis of the arrangement of Au obtained from the Patterson map, all the reconstructed Si atoms, such as the so-called honeycomb chain structure, are directly imaged out by utilizing a holographic method. The KK model reproduces out-of-plane diffraction data as well.

Content and Composition of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk Are Affected by Lactation Stage and Breed of Dairy Cow

PubMed Central

Bainbridge, Melissa L.; Cersosimo, Laura M.; Wright, André-Denis G.; Kraft, Jana

2016-01-01

Dairy products contain bioactive fatty acids (FA) and are a unique dietary source of an emerging class of bioactive FA, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The objective of this study was to compare the content and profile of bioactive FA in milk, with emphasis on BCFA, among Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), and first generation HO x JE crossbreeds (CB) across a lactation to better understand the impact of these factors on FA of interest to human health. Twenty-two primiparous cows (n = 7 HO, n = 7 CB, n = 8 JE) were followed across a lactation. All cows were fed a consistent total mixed ration (TMR) at a 70:30 forage to concentrate ratio. Time points were defined as 5 days in milk (DIM), 95 DIM, 185 DIM, and 275 DIM. HO and CB had a higher content of n-3 FA at 5 DIM than JE and a lower n-6:n-3 ratio. Time point had an effect on the n-6:n-3 ratio, with the lowest value observed at 5 DIM and the highest at 185 DIM. The content of vaccenic acid was highest at 5 DIM, yet rumenic acid was unaffected by time point or breed. Total odd and BCFA (OBCFA) were higher in JE than HO and CB at 185 and 275 DIM. Breed affected the content of individual BCFA. The content of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 in milk was higher in JE than HO and CB from 95 to 275 DIM. Total OBCFA were affected by time point, with the highest content in milk at 275 DIM. In conclusion, HO and CB exhibited a higher content of several bioactive FA in milk than JE. Across a lactation the greatest content of bioactive FA in milk occurred at 5 DIM and OBCFA were highest at 275 DIM. PMID:26930646

Content and Composition of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk Are Affected by Lactation Stage and Breed of Dairy Cow.

PubMed

Bainbridge, Melissa L; Cersosimo, Laura M; Wright, André-Denis G; Kraft, Jana

2016-01-01

Dairy products contain bioactive fatty acids (FA) and are a unique dietary source of an emerging class of bioactive FA, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The objective of this study was to compare the content and profile of bioactive FA in milk, with emphasis on BCFA, among Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), and first generation HO x JE crossbreeds (CB) across a lactation to better understand the impact of these factors on FA of interest to human health. Twenty-two primiparous cows (n = 7 HO, n = 7 CB, n = 8 JE) were followed across a lactation. All cows were fed a consistent total mixed ration (TMR) at a 70:30 forage to concentrate ratio. Time points were defined as 5 days in milk (DIM), 95 DIM, 185 DIM, and 275 DIM. HO and CB had a higher content of n-3 FA at 5 DIM than JE and a lower n-6:n-3 ratio. Time point had an effect on the n-6:n-3 ratio, with the lowest value observed at 5 DIM and the highest at 185 DIM. The content of vaccenic acid was highest at 5 DIM, yet rumenic acid was unaffected by time point or breed. Total odd and BCFA (OBCFA) were higher in JE than HO and CB at 185 and 275 DIM. Breed affected the content of individual BCFA. The content of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 in milk was higher in JE than HO and CB from 95 to 275 DIM. Total OBCFA were affected by time point, with the highest content in milk at 275 DIM. In conclusion, HO and CB exhibited a higher content of several bioactive FA in milk than JE. Across a lactation the greatest content of bioactive FA in milk occurred at 5 DIM and OBCFA were highest at 275 DIM.

A model immunization programme to control Japanese encephalitis in Viet Nam.

PubMed

Yen, Nguyen Thu; Liu, Wei; Hanh, Hoang Duc; Chang, Na Yoon; Duong, Tran Nhu; Gibbons, Robert V; Marks, Florian; Thu, Nghiem Anh; Hong, Nguyen Minh; Park, Jin Kyung; Tuan, Pham Anh; Nisalak, Ananda; Clemens, John D; Xu, Zhi-Yi

2015-03-01

In Viet Nam, an inactivated, mouse brain-derived vaccine for Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been given exclusively to ≤ 5 years old children in 3 paediatric doses since 1997. However, JE incidence remained high, especially among children aged 5-9 years. We conducted a model JE immunization programme to assess the feasibility and impact of JE vaccine administered to 1-9 year(s) children in 3 standard-dose regimen: paediatric doses for children aged <3 years and adult doses for those aged ≥ 3 years. Of the targeted children, 96.2% were immunized with ≥ 2 doses of the vaccine. Compared to the national immunization programme, JE incidence rate declined sharply in districts with the model programme (11.32 to 0.87 per 100,000 in pre-versus post-vaccination period). The rate of reduction was most significant in the 5-9 years age-group. We recommend a policy change to include 5-9 years old children in the catch-up immunization campaign and administer a 4th dose to those aged 5-9 years, who had received 3 doses of the vaccine during the first 2-3 years of life.

A Model Immunization Programme to Control Japanese Encephalitis in Viet Nam

PubMed Central

Yen, Nguyen Thu; Hanh, Hoang Duc; Chang, Na Yoon; Duong, Tran Nhu; Gibbons, Robert V.; Marks, Florian; Thu, Nghiem Anh; Hong, Nguyen Minh; Park, Jin Kyung; Tuan, Pham Anh; Nisalak, Ananda; Clemens, John D.; Xu, Zhi-yi

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT In Viet Nam, an inactivated, mouse brain-derived vaccine for Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been given exclusively to ≤5 years old children in 3 paediatric doses since 1997. However, JE incidence remained high, especially among children aged 5-9 years. We conducted a model JE immunization programme to assess the feasibility and impact of JE vaccine administered to 1-9 year(s) children in 3 standard-dose regimen: paediatric doses for children aged <3 years and adult doses for those aged ≥3 years. Of the targeted children, 96.2% were immunized with ≥2 doses of the vaccine. Compared to the national immunization programme, JE incidence rate declined sharply in districts with the model programme (11.32 to 0.87 per 100,000 in pre-versus post-vaccination period). The rate of reduction was most significant in the 5-9 years age-group. We recommend a policy change to include 5-9 years old children in the catch-up immunization campaign and administer a 4th dose to those aged 5-9 years, who had received 3 doses of the vaccine during the first 2-3 years of life. PMID:25995736

Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (IMOJEV®) in children.

PubMed

Chokephaibulkit, K; Houillon, G; Feroldi, E; Bouckenooghe, A

2016-01-01

JE-CV (IMOJEV®, Sanofi Pasteur, France) is a live attenuated virus vaccine constructed by inserting coding sequences of the prM and E structural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis SA14-14-2 virus into the genome of yellow fever 17D virus. Primary immunization with JE-CV requires a single dose of the vaccine. This article reviews clinical trials of JE-CV in children aged up to 6 years conducted in countries across South-East Asia. Strong and persistent antibody responses were observed after single primary and booster doses, with 97% of children seroprotected up to five years after booster vaccination. Models of long-term antibody persistence predict a median duration of protection of approximately 30 years after a booster dose. The safety and reactogenicity profiles of JE-CV primary and booster doses are comparable to other widely used childhood vaccines.

A Japanese Encephalitis Patient Presenting with Parkinsonism with Corresponding Laterality of Magnetic Resonance and Dopamine Transporter Imaging Findings.

PubMed

Tadokoro, Koh; Ohta, Yasuyuki; Sato, Kota; Maeki, Takahiro; Sasaki, Ryo; Takahashi, Yoshiaki; Shang, Jingwei; Takemoto, Mami; Hishikawa, Nozomi; Yamashita, Toru; Lim, Chang Kweng; Tajima, Shigeru; Abe, Koji

2018-03-09

Japanese encephalitis (JE) survivors often present with nigrostriatal aftereffects with parkinsonian features. A 67-year-old woman with JE showed right-dominant clinical parkinsonism and left-dominant substantia nigra lesions after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging using 123 I-labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane ( 123 I-FP-CIT) revealed a corresponding left-dominant decrease. The present case is the first to reveal a clear match of laterality between clinical parkinsonism, MRI-based substantia nigra lesions, and impaired DAT in presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in JE.

Study of Fractions in Elementary Mathematics Textbooks from Finland and Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Der-Ching

2018-01-01

This study examines the different ways in which fractions are dealt with in two elementary mathematics textbook series: Kang Hsuan (KH) in Taiwan and Laskutaito in Finland. The results showed that the total number of fraction questions in Laskutaito is higher than that in KH and that Laskutaito highlights the basic definition of fractions to help…

Assessment of visual resources desirable for tourism and recreational uses along the site of Lake Choon-Chon in Korea

Treesearch

Won-Woo Suh

1979-01-01

This paper describes the inventory and analysis of visual resources in the Choon-Chon lakeside tourism route between the Seoul tourism circle and the Seolag tourism circle. The study was a service requested by the Korean Society of Landscape Architects under supervision of the Tourism Department of the Kang Won Provincial Government Office, Republic of Korea. It...

Optical Investigation of Transition Metal Implanted Wide Band Gap Semiconductors

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

T., Overberg, M. E., Frazier, R., Abernathy, C. R., Pearton, S. J., Kim, Jihyun , and Ren, F. Optical and electrical properties of GaMnN films grown...Yuldashev, Sh. U., Leem, J. H., Park , C. S., Fu, D. J., Kim, H. J. and Kang, T. W. Optical and magnetic measurements of p-type GaN epilayers

Systems Execution Modeling Technologies for Large-Scale Net-Centric Department of Defense Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

pp. 303–338, 2002. [53] K. C. Kang, “Feature-oriented domain analysis ( FODA ) feasibility study,” DTIC Document, 1990. [54] V. Kumar, “Algorithms...29  5.2  PLA MODELING, DOMAIN  ANALYSIS , AND TESTING CHALLENGES...29  5.3  MODEL‐DRIVEN TESTING AND DOMAIN  ANALYSIS  TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCT‐LINE ARCHITECTURES ................................. 30

Content Analysis of the 20 Most Influential Articles in "PIQ"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cho, Yonjoo; Park, Sunyoung

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to examine key research themes in human performance technology (HPT) through content analysis of the 20 most influential articles identified in Cho, Jo, Park, Kang, and Chen (2011). Three questions guiding this inquiry are: (1) What are the key themes of the 20 most influential articles in "PIQ", (2) What information…

Publications - SR 69 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

, J.E., Freeman, L.K., Harbo, L.A., and Lasley, P.S. Publication Date: Nov 2014 Publisher: Alaska Reference Athey, J.E., Freeman, L.K., Harbo, L.A., and Lasley, P.S., 2014, Alaska's mineral industry 2013

Distinct Dictation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation and Lethality via Triggering TLR3 and TLR4 Signal Pathways

PubMed Central

Uyangaa, Erdenebelig; Kim, Seong Bum; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Kim, Bum Seok; Kim, Koanhoi; Eo, Seong Kug

2014-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is major emerging neurologic disease caused by JE virus. To date, the impact of TLR molecules on JE progression has not been addressed. Here, we determined whether each TLR modulates JE, using several TLR-deficient mouse strains (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9). Surprisingly, among the tested TLR-deficient mice there were contrasting results in TLR3−/− and TLR4−/− mice, i.e. TLR3−/− mice were highly susceptible to JE, whereas TLR4−/− mice showed enhanced resistance to JE. TLR3 ablation induced severe CNS inflammation characterized by early infiltration of inflammatory CD11b+Ly-6Chigh monocytes along with profoundly increased viral burden, proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression as well as BBB permeability. In contrast, TLR4−/− mice showed mild CNS inflammation manifested by reduced viral burden, leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, TLR4 ablation provided potent in vivo systemic type I IFN innate response, as well as ex vivo type I IFN production associated with strong induction of antiviral PRRs (RIG-I, MDA5), transcription factors (IRF-3, IRF-7), and IFN-dependent (PKR, Oas1, Mx) and independent ISGs (ISG49, ISG54, ISG56) by alternative activation of IRF3 and NF-κB in myeloid-derived DCs and macrophages, as compared to TLR3−/− myeloid-derived cells which were more permissive to viral replication through impaired type I IFN innate response. TLR4 ablation also appeared to mount an enhanced type I IFN innate and humoral, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, which were mediated by altered immune cell populations (increased number of plasmacytoid DCs and NK cells, reduced CD11b+Ly-6Chigh monocytes) and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg number in lymphoid tissue. Thus, potent type I IFN innate and adaptive immune responses in the absence of TLR4 were closely coupled with reduced JE lethality. Collectively, these results suggest that a balanced triggering of TLR signal array by viral components

Publications - RDF 2004-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

, C-4, and B-5 quadrangles, Alaska Authors: Athey, J.E., Layer, P.W., and Drake, Jeff Publication Date ): Livengood Bibliographic Reference Athey, J.E., Layer, P.W., and Drake, Jeff, 2004, 40Ar/39Ar ages of rocks

Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt

DOE PAGES

Wing, Simon; Johnson, Jay R.; Camporeale, Enrico; ...

2016-07-29

The solar wind-magnetosphere system is nonlinear. The solar wind drivers of geosynchronous electrons with energy range of 1.8–3.5 MeV are investigated using mutual information, conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). These information theoretical tools can establish linear and nonlinear relationships as well as information transfer. The information transfer from solar wind velocity ( Vsw) to geosynchronous MeV electron flux ( Je) peaks with a lag time of 2 days. As previously reported, Je is anticorrelated with solar wind density ( nsw) with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed at leastmore » partly to the Je( t + 2 days) correlation with Vsw( t) and nsw( t + 1 day) anticorrelation with Vsw( t). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the ( Vsw, nsw) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of Vsw, the response of Je to nsw is 30% smaller and has a lag time < 24 h, suggesting that the MeV electron loss mechanism due to nsw or solar wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in < 24 h. nsw transfers about 36% as much information as Vsw (the primary driver) to Je. Nonstationarity in the system dynamics is investigated using windowed TE. Here, when the data are ordered according to transfer entropy value, it is possible to understand details of the triangle distribution that has been identified between Je( t + 2 days) versus Vsw( t).« less

Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wing, Simon; Johnson, Jay R.; Camporeale, Enrico

The solar wind-magnetosphere system is nonlinear. The solar wind drivers of geosynchronous electrons with energy range of 1.8–3.5 MeV are investigated using mutual information, conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). These information theoretical tools can establish linear and nonlinear relationships as well as information transfer. The information transfer from solar wind velocity ( Vsw) to geosynchronous MeV electron flux ( Je) peaks with a lag time of 2 days. As previously reported, Je is anticorrelated with solar wind density ( nsw) with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed at leastmore » partly to the Je( t + 2 days) correlation with Vsw( t) and nsw( t + 1 day) anticorrelation with Vsw( t). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the ( Vsw, nsw) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of Vsw, the response of Je to nsw is 30% smaller and has a lag time < 24 h, suggesting that the MeV electron loss mechanism due to nsw or solar wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in < 24 h. nsw transfers about 36% as much information as Vsw (the primary driver) to Je. Nonstationarity in the system dynamics is investigated using windowed TE. Here, when the data are ordered according to transfer entropy value, it is possible to understand details of the triangle distribution that has been identified between Je( t + 2 days) versus Vsw( t).« less

Impact of Oral Commensal Bacteria on Degradation of Periodontal Connective Tissue in Mice.

PubMed

Irie, Koichiro; Tomofuji, Takaaki; Ekuni, Daisuke; Morita, Manabu; Shimazaki, Yoshihiro; Darveau, Richard P

2015-07-01

Innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal commensal bacteria can affect periodontal innate defense status. However, it is still unclear how commensal bacteria contribute to the inflammatory responses of junctional epithelium (JE) and periodontal connective tissue (PCT). The aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution of commensal bacteria on inflammatory responses in JE and PCT in mice. The periodontal tissue of germ-free (GF) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice were compared at age 11 to 12 weeks (n = 6 per group). In this study, the number of neutrophils and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-8 within the JE and the PCT are evaluated. The collagen density was also determined in PCT stained with picrosirius red (PSR). PSR staining combined with or without polarized light microscopy has been used to assess the organization and maturation of collagen matrix. In the present findings, the area of JE in SPF mice was significantly greater than that in GF mice (P <0.05). In addition, the JE and PCT in SPF mice showed greater migration of neutrophils and higher expression of ICAM-1, FGFR-1, MMP-1, and MMP-8 than those in GF mice (P <0.05). Furthermore, the density of collagen in PCT in SPF mice was lower compared to GF mice (P <0.05). These results indicate that commensal bacteria induced a low-grade inflammatory state in JE and that such conditions may contribute to degradation of collagen in PCT in mice.

Light-Actuated Micromechanical Relays for Zero-Power Infrared Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

Light-Actuated Micromechanical Relays for Zero-Power Infrared Detection Zhenyun Qian, Sungho Kang, Vageeswar Rajaram, Cristian Cassella, Nicol E...near-zero power infrared (IR) detection . Differently from any existing switching element, the proposed LMR relies on a plasmonically-enhanced...chip enabling the monolithic fabrication of multiple LMRs connected together to form a logic topology suitable for the detection of specific

Tuning Porosity of YBa2Cu3O7-delta Vicinal Films by Insertion of Y2BaCuO5 Nanoparticles (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

Paranthaman, E. D. Specht , D. M. Kroeger, D. K. Christen, Q. He, B. Saffian, F. A. List, D. F. Lee, P. M. Martin, C. E. Klabunde, E. Hartfield, and V. K...2000. 12B. W. Kang, A. Goyal, D. R. Lee, J. E. Mathis, E. D. Specht , P. M. Martin, D. M. Kroeger, M. Paranthaman, and S. Sathyamurthy, J. Mater. Res

PTSD Prevalence, Associated Exposures, and Functional Health Outcomes in a Large, Population - Based Military Cohort

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-15

of Schools of Public Health SYNOPSIS Objectives. Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic , life...124 Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) is a psychiatric condition resulting from experiencing or witnessing traumatic events such as military...Kang HK, Natelson BH, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Murphy FM. Post - traumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness among Gulf War veterans

The Occupational Role of Women in Military Service: Validation of Occupation and Prevalence of Exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

These and other studies investigating exposures associated with morbidity and reproductive health outcomes (Hourani & Hilton 2000; Kang et al. 2000...epidemiologic studies. Objectively ascertained exposure data are often not available. Consequently , researchers must rely on self-reported data to assess...associations between exposures and adverse health outcomes . Both assessment methods are limited in scope and inferential capabilities and may lead to

Towards an Interoperability Ontology for Software Development Tools

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

The description of feature models was tied to the introduction of the Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA *) [KANG90] approach in the late eighties...Feature-oriented domain analysis ( FODA ) is a domain analysis method developed at the Software...ese obstacles was to construct a “pilot” ontology that is extensible. We applied the Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis approach to capture the

A Method for Populating the Knowledge Base of AFIT’s Domain-Oriented Application Composition System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

Analysis ( FODA ). The approach identifies prominent features (similarities) and distinctive features (differences) of software systems within an... analysis approaches we have summarized, the re- searchers described FODA in sufficient detail to use on large domain analysis projects (ones with...Software Technology Center, July 1991. 18. Kang, Kyo C. and others. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Technical Report, Software

Formal Foundations for the Specification of Software Architecture.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-03-01

Architectures For- mally: A Case-Study Using KWIC." Kestrel Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, April 1994. 58. Kang, Kyo C. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ...6.3.5 Constraint-Based Architectures ................. 6-60 6.4 Summary ......... ............................. 6-63 VII. Analysis of Process-Based...between these architec- ture theories were investigated. A feasibility analysis on an image processing application demonstrated that architecture theories

Draft Genome Sequence of Leptolyngbya sp. KIOST-1, a Filamentous Cyanobacterium with Biotechnological Potential for Alimentary Purposes.

PubMed

Kim, Ji Hyung; Kang, Do-Hyung

2016-09-15

Here, we report the draft genome of cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KIOST-1 isolated from a microalgal culture pond in South Korea. The genome consists of 13 contigs containing 6,320,172 bp, and a total of 5,327 coding sequences were predicted. This genomic information will allow further exploitation of its biotechnological potential for alimentary purposes. Copyright © 2016 Kim and Kang.

Systematic Characterization of the Molecular Mechanisms That Regulate and Mediate Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Breast Carcinoma

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

von Werder A, Opitz OG (2013) Inhibition of telomerase induces alternative lengthening of telomeres during human esophageal carcinogenesis. Cancer ...MIDDLE DN 16 -0.79292 KANG DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE UP 47 -0.78178 AMUNDSON GAMMA RADIATION RESPONSE 34 -0.77391 FINETTI BREAST CANCER KINOME RED 14...Telomeres in Breast Carcinoma PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Yaara Zwang CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA 02115-6013

Persistence of antibodies six years after booster vaccination with inactivated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis.

PubMed

Paulke-Korinek, Maria; Kollaritsch, Herwig; Kundi, Michael; Zwazl, Ines; Seidl-Friedrich, Claudia; Jelinek, Tomas

2015-07-09

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus occurs in wide regions of Asia with over 3 billion people living in areas at risk for JE. An estimated 68,000 clinical cases of JE occur every year, and vaccination is the most effective prophylactic measure. One internationally licensed vaccine containing the inactivated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 is Ixiaro (Valneva, Austria). According to recommendations, basic immunization consists of vaccinations on day 0, day 28, and a booster dose 12-24 months later. Protection in terms of neutralizing antibody titers has been assessed up to 12 months after the third dose of the vaccine. The current investigation was designed to evaluate antibody decline over time and to predict long-term duration of seroprotection after a booster dose. In a preceding trial, volunteers received basic immunization (day 0, day 28) and one booster dose against JE 15 months later. A follow up blood draw 6 years following their booster dose was carried out in 67 subjects. For antibody testing, a 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50-test) was used. PRNT50 values of 10 and above are surrogate levels of protection according to WHO standards. Seventy-six months following the booster dose, 96% of the tested subjects had PRNT50 titers of 10 or higher. Geometric mean titer (GMT) was 148 (95% CI confidence interval: 107-207). Antibody titers were lower in volunteers 50 years of age and older. Vaccination history against other flaviviruses (yellow fever or tick borne encephalitis) did not significantly influence PRNT50 titers. A two-step log-linear decline model predicted protection against JE of approximately 14 years after the booster dose. Six years after a booster dose against JE, long-term protection could be demonstrated. According to our results, further booster doses should be scheduled 10 years following the first booster dose. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantification of vector and host competence and abundance for Japanese Encephalitis Virus: a systematic review of the literature.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) that affects humans in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. Although it could be prevented by a vaccine, JE has no treatment and the inadvertent introduction of the virus into JEV-free countries, such as t...

Publications - SR 46 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

, R.C., Wood, J.E., and Clough, A.H. Publication Date: 1991 Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological , R.C., Wood, J.E., and Clough, A.H., 1991, Alaska's mineral industry 1991: Alaska Division of ; Beryllium; Bismuth; Ceramics; Chromium; Coal; Cobalt; Construction Materials; Copper; Cultural Resources

Job Embeddedness May Hold the Key to the Retention of Novice Talent in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Jennifer Moradian

2018-01-01

Teacher retention has been studied for decades, yet it has recently assumed renewed significance due to current teacher shortages. This study was designed to determine whether teachers' job embeddedness (JE) is related to turnover. JE is found in organizational literature (Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, & Erez, 2001) and has been a robust…

Development of a Strategy for Simulating Blast-Vehicle Interactions

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

State, MS and J. Kang U.S. Army RDECOM-TARDEC Warren , MI September 2010 Report...Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS US Army RDECOM-TARDEC 6501 E 11 Mile Rd Warren , MI 48397-5000, USA 8...PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 21200RC 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) US Army RDECOM-TARDEC 6501 E 11 Mile Rd Warren , MI

Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Antiestrogen Resistance

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

immunogen.Theproduced antibodywas purifiedwith an affinity columnmade of immuno- gen peptides . The antibodywas characterized and validatedwith a number of...et al., 2003), PTP1B enzyme inhibitory (Chen et al., 2002; Nguyen et al., 2012), antimicrobial , cytotoxic (Sohn et al., 2004), antiplatelet (Lin et al...C.S., Kang, S.S., 2004. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of 18 prenylated flavonoids isolated frommedicinal plants:Morus alba L., Morusm ongolica

Beyond Rivalry and Camaraderie: Explaining Varying Asian Responses to China

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

Kang, 2003 encapsulates this view. 2 relations. While each of these perspectives has threads of truth, none by itself is comprehensive enough to...Thailand, the military supervised national economic growth and industrialization to nurture armed forces which were capable of resisting colonial powers...behavioral and institutional expressions of national ideology.”(Samuels, 1994, p. 31.) 30 Another common thread is the notion that economic

What Is the Right RFID for Your Process?

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-30

Support Model for Valuing Proposed Improvements in Component Reliability. June 2005. NPS-PM-05-007 Dillard, John T., and Mark E. Nissen...Arlington, VA. 2005. Kang, Keebom, Ken Doerr, Uday Apte, and Michael Boudreau. “Decision Support Models for Valuing Improvements in Component...courses in the Executive and Full-time MBA programs. Areas of Uday’s research interests include managing service operations, supply chain

Formal Transformations from Graphically-Based Object-Oriented Representations to Theory-Based Specifications

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-06-01

for Software Synthesis." KBSE 󈨡. IEEE, 1993. 51. Kang, Kyo C., et al. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Technical Report...and usefulness in domain analysis and modeling. Rumbaugh uses three distinct views to describe a domain: (1) the object model describes structural...Gibbons describe a methodology where Structured Analysis is used to build a hierarchical system structure chart. This structure chart is then translated

Optimizing Screening and Risk Assessment for Suicide in the U. S. Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

and OEF ( Kang & Bullman, 2008). Length of tour of duty has also been associated with death by suicide in Vietnam veterans ( Adams , Barton...than were veterans in the other military branches ( Adams et al., 1998). Posttraumatic stress symptoms may also contribute to increased acquired...1995; Levai , Kaplan, Ackerman, & Hammock, 1995; Hiew, 1992). Combat deployment has also been linked to later domestic violence and child

Analysis of Contractor Logistics Support for the P-8 Poseidon Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

15. NUMBER OF PAGES 103 14. SUBJECT TERMS Original Equipment Manufacturer, Contractor Logistics Support, P-8A Aircraft , 16. PRICE CODE 17...Communications Rack Mission Equipment Rack Galley G4 INMARSAT Antenna MAD Folding Stairs Crew Rest Observer Stations (2) CFM-56-7B 180 kVA IDG Engines (2...Poseidon Aircraft By: Shane Tallant, Scott Hedrick, and Michael Martin Advisors: Diana Petross Keebom Kang

Joint estimation of activity and attenuation for PET using pragmatic MR-based prior: application to clinical TOF PET/MR whole-body data for FDG and non-FDG tracers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, Sangtae; Cheng, Lishui; Shanbhag, Dattesh D.; Qian, Hua; Kaushik, Sandeep S.; Jansen, Floris P.; Wiesinger, Florian

2018-02-01

Accurate and robust attenuation correction remains challenging in hybrid PET/MR particularly for torsos because it is difficult to segment bones, lungs and internal air in MR images. Additionally, MR suffers from susceptibility artifacts when a metallic implant is present. Recently, joint estimation (JE) of activity and attenuation based on PET data, also known as maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation, has gained considerable interest because of (1) its promise to address the challenges in MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC), and (2) recent advances in time-of-flight (TOF) technology, which is known to be the key to the success of JE. In this paper, we implement a JE algorithm using an MR-based prior and evaluate the algorithm using whole-body PET/MR patient data, for both FDG and non-FDG tracers, acquired from GE SIGNA PET/MR scanners with TOF capability. The weight of the MR-based prior is spatially modulated, based on MR signal strength, to control the balance between MRAC and JE. Large prior weights are used in strong MR signal regions such as soft tissue and fat (i.e. MR tissue classification with a high degree of certainty) and small weights are used in low MR signal regions (i.e. MR tissue classification with a low degree of certainty). The MR-based prior is pragmatic in the sense that it is convex and does not require training or population statistics while exploiting synergies between MRAC and JE. We demonstrate the JE algorithm has the potential to improve the robustness and accuracy of MRAC by recovering the attenuation of metallic implants, internal air and some bones and by better delineating lung boundaries, not only for FDG but also for more specific non-FDG tracers such as 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-Fluoride.

Development of Joint Engagement in Young Deaf and Hearing Children: Effects of Chronological Age and Language Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cejas, Ivette; Barker, David H.; Quittner, Alexandra L.; Niparko, John K.

2014-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate joint engagement (JE) in age-matched children with and without hearing and its relationship to oral language skills. Method: Participants were 180 children with severe-to-profound hearing loss prior to cochlear implant surgery, and 96 age-matched children with normal hearing; all parents were hearing. JE was evaluated in a…

Comment on ``On the Crooks fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality'' [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 091101 (2008)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adib, Artur B.

2009-06-01

It has recently been argued that a self-consistency condition involving the Jarzynski equality (JE) and the Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT) is violated for a simple Brownian process [L. Y. Chen, J. Chem. Phys.129, 091101 (2008)]. This note adopts the definitions in the original formulation of the JE and CFT and demonstrates the contrary.

Japanese Encephalitis—A Pathological and Clinical Perspective

PubMed Central

Ghosh, Debapriya; Basu, Anirban

2009-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia. It is caused by the JE virus (JEV), which belongs to the family Flaviviridae. JEV is endemic to many parts of Asia, where periodic outbreaks take hundreds of lives. Despite the catastrophes it causes, JE has remained a tropical disease uncommon in the West. With rapid globalization and climatic shift, JEV has started to emerge in areas where the threat was previously unknown. Scientific evidence predicts that JEV will soon become a global pathogen and cause of worldwide pandemics. Although some research documents JEV pathogenesis and drug discovery, worldwide awareness of the need for extensive research to deal with JE is still lacking. This review focuses on the exigency of developing a worldwide effort to acknowledge the prime importance of performing an extensive study of this thus far neglected tropical viral disease. This review also outlines the pathogenesis, the scientific efforts channeled into develop a therapy, and the outlook for a possible future breakthrough addressing this killer disease. PMID:19787040

Publications - RDF 2009-1 v. 1.2 | Alaska Division of Geological &

Science.gov Websites

main content DGGS RDF 2009-1 v. 1.2 Publication Details Title: Geochemical, major-oxide, minor-oxide , M.B., Szumigala, D.J., Andrew, J.E., Newberry, R.J., and Athey, J.E., 2009, Geochemical, major-oxide prospect; Keevy Peak Formation; LEA Creek prospect; Major Oxides; Mississippian; Newman Creek; Newman Creek

Comment on “On the Crooks fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality” [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 091101 (2008)

PubMed Central

Adib, Artur B.

2009-01-01

It has recently been argued that a self-consistency condition involving the Jarzynski equality (JE) and the Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT) is violated for a simple Brownian process [L. Y. Chen, J. Chem. Phys.129, 091101 (2008)]. This note adopts the definitions in the original formulation of the JE and CFT and demonstrates the contrary. PMID:19566186

Publications - RI 2004-1B | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Delta Quadrangle, Alaska Authors: Werdon, M.B., Newberry, R.J., Athey, J.E., and Szumigala, D.J page for more information. Quadrangle(s): Big Delta Bibliographic Reference Werdon, M.B., Newberry, R.J ., Athey, J.E., and Szumigala, D.J., 2004, Bedrock geologic map of the Salcha River-Pogo area, Big Delta

Estimation of test-day model (co)variance components across breeds using New Zealand dairy cattle data.

PubMed

Vanderick, S; Harris, B L; Pryce, J E; Gengler, N

2009-03-01

In New Zealand, a large proportion of cows are currently crossbreds, mostly Holstein-Friesians (HF) x Jersey (JE). The genetic evaluation system for milk yields is considering the same additive genetic effects for all breeds. The objective was to model different additive effects according to parental breeds to obtain first estimates of correlations among breed-specific effects and to study the usefulness of this type of random regression test-day model. Estimates of (co)variance components for purebred HF and JE cattle in purebred herds were computed by using a single-breed model. This analysis showed differences between the 2 breeds, with a greater variability in the HF breed. (Co)variance components for purebred HF and JE and crossbred HF x JE cattle were then estimated by using a complete multibreed model in which computations of complete across-breed (co)variances were simplified by correlating only eigenvectors for HF and JE random regressions of the same order as obtained from the single-breed analysis. Parameter estimates differed more strongly than expected between the single-breed and multibreed analyses, especially for JE. This could be due to differences between animals and management in purebred and non-purebred herds. In addition, the model used only partially accounted for heterosis. The multibreed analysis showed additive genetic differences between the HF and JE breeds, expressed as genetic correlations of additive effects in both breeds, especially in linear and quadratic Legendre polynomials (respectively, 0.807 and 0.604). The differences were small for overall milk production (0.926). Results showed that permanent environmental lactation curves were highly correlated across breeds; however, intraherd lactation curves were also affected by the breed-environment interaction. This result may indicate the existence of breed-specific competition effects that vary through the different lactation stages. In conclusion, a multibreed model similar to the

Facing the challenge of teaching emotions to individuals with low- and high-functioning autism using a new Serious game: a pilot study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background It is widely accepted that emotion processing difficulties are involved in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). An increasing number of studies have focused on the development of training programs and have shown promising results. However, most of these programs are appropriate for individuals with high-functioning ASC (HFA) but exclude individuals with low-functioning ASC (LFA). We have developed a computer-based game called JeStiMulE based on logical skills to teach emotions to individuals with ASC, independently of their age, intellectual, verbal and academic level. The aim of the present study was to verify the usability of JeStiMulE (which is its adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency) on a heterogeneous ASC group. We hypothesized that after JeStiMulE training, a performance improvement would be found in emotion recognition tasks. Methods A heterogeneous group of thirty-three children and adolescents with ASC received two one-hour JeStiMulE sessions per week over four weeks. In order to verify the usability of JeStiMulE, game data were collected for each participant. Furthermore, all participants were presented before and after training with five emotion recognition tasks, two including pictures of game avatars (faces and gestures) and three including pictures of real-life characters (faces, gestures and social scenes). Results Descriptive data showed suitable adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency of JeStiMulE. Results revealed a significant main effect of Session on avatars (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 98.48, P < .001) and on pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 49.09, P < .001). A significant Session × Task × Emotion interaction was also found for avatars (ANOVA: F (6,192) = 2.84, P = .01). This triple interaction was close to significance for pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (12,384) = 1.73, P = .057). Post-hoc analyses revealed that 30 out of 35 conditions found a significant increase after

Intranasal Insulin: A Novel Treatment for Gulf War Multisymptom Illness

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

pyridostigmine bromide . Fort Detrick, MD: US Army Medical Research and Material Command. Li B, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Eisen SA, Engel CC. (2011, July 27...Sullivan K, Krengel M, Proctor SP, Devine S, Heeren T, White RF. (2003). Cognitive functioning in treatment-seeking Gulf War veterans: pyridostigmine ... bromide use and PTSD. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 25(2):95-103. Tillman GD, Green TA, Ferree TC, Calley CS, Maguire MJ

GABAA Receptor-Mediated Activity in a Model of Cortical Dysplasia

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-29

epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia, and results from failure of immature neurons to appropriately migrate to their cortical targets. We developed a...schizophrenia, and autism , and results from failure of immature neurons to appropriately migrate and reach their cortical targets (Taylor et al., 1971; Choi and...2012) autism (Fatemi et al., 2006 , 2009; Chao et al., 2010; Oblak et al., 2010; Chattopaddhyaya and Di Cristo, 2012; Kang and Barnes; 2012), and X

Navigating the Information Revolution: Choices for Laggard Countries

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

ways to satisfy this demand. Culture, religion , 3 Wood block printing or xylography was first developed in China, movable type was later developed...in Korea and China (Kang 2000). Religion was the key obstacle in the Islamic empire (Dator 2004) while political instability (BBC 2003) and...illiteracy (Deveneaux 1976) were the culprits in Africa. The history of the printing press suggests that market size, culture, religion , governance and

Four Kilograms to Tip the Scale: China’s Exploitation of the North Korean Nuclear Crisis

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

a diet . Have we made ourselves clear?”28 This thesis argues that China’s influence over Pyongyang is wholly coercive in nature, that concerns...still encouraging for those in the Diet intent on “normalizing” the state. 63 As per David Kang in...members, mainly China, Russia and possibly the United States. Even the recent discussions by the Japanese Diet created general anger in the region with

We Can Still Be Friends: IFN-γ Breaks Up Macrophage Enhancers.

PubMed

Novakovic, Boris; Wang, Cheng; Logie, Colin

2017-08-15

Interferon (IFN)-γ can prime macrophages for inflammatory responses by several mechanisms, including enhancer establishment and gene activation. In this issue of Immunity, Kang et al. (2017) provide insight into the mechanisms of IFN-γ-mediated gene repression as they show that IFN-γ promotes the disassembly of select active enhancers by interfering with enhancer-binding transcription factor MAF. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Second Report of the Multirate Processor (MRP) for Digital Voice Communications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-30

machine are: * two arithmetic logic units (ALUs)-one for data processing, and the other for address generation, * two memorys -6144 words (70 bits per word...of program memory , and 6094 words (16 bits per word) of data memory , q * input/output through modem and teletype, -15 .9 S-;. KANG AND FRANSEN Table...provides a measure of intelligibility and allows one to evaluate the discriminability of six distinctive features: voicing, nasality, sustention

Detailed Measurements of the Aeroelastic Response of a Rigid Coaxial Rotor in Hover

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-11

included: hover testing of single and CCR rotors (Year 1), deformation measurement and modal identification of rotor blades in the non -rotating and...the rotor blades, as well as the detailed experimental data were shared with Dr. Rajneesh Singh and Dr. Hao Kang at Vehicle Technology Directorate...VTD), Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD. In this way, the experimental data could be used to validate US Army comprehensive analysis tools, specifically

The Structured Intuitive Model for Product Line Economics (SIMPLE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-01

units are features and use cases. A feature is just as nebulous as a requirement, but techniques such as feature-oriented domain analysis ( FODA ) [Kang 90...cost avoidance DM design modified DOCU degree of documentation GQM Goal Question Metric FODA feature-oriented domain analysis IM integration effort...Hess, J.; Novak, W.; & Peterson, A. Feature- Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study (CMU/SEI- 90-TR-02 1, ADA235785). Pittsburgh, PA

Korean Affairs Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-22

DPRK-Romanian Relations (KCNA, various dates) 147 Kang Song-san Greets Romanian Counterpart 147 Kim Yong -nam Greets Romanian Counterpart 147...Independence Marked (KCNA, 3, 4 Apr 85) . 152 Papers Observe Anniversary 152 Greetings Sent 152 Independence Day Rally 153 Kim Yong -nam Message 153...them. In their speeches at the meeting Kim Chang- yong , vice-chairman of the Central Committee of the League of Socialist Working Youth, students of

Issues in Requirements Elicitation

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

oriented domain analysis ( FODA ) continues that the re- quirements analyst uses the products of domain analysis when implementing a new system [Kang 90, p...Peterson, A. Spencer. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. Technical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, ADA235785, Software Engineering...3.3 Problems of Volatility 12 4 Current Elicitation Techniques 15 4.1 Information Gathering 16 4.2 Requirements Expression and Analysis 19 4.3

Creating and Manipulating a Domain-Specific Formal Object Base to Support a Domain-Oriented Application Composition System

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

and add new attributes as needed (11:129). 2.2.3.2 Feature Oriented Domain Analysis In their Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) study, the...dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas, 1990. 12. Kang, Kyo C. and others. Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibil- ity Study...2-1 2.2.2 Requirements Languages ..................... 2-2 2.2.3 Domain Analysis ............................ 2-3 2.2.4

C4 Software Technology Reference Guide - A Prototype.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-10

domain analysis methods include • Feature-oriented domain analysis ( FODA ) (see pg. 185), a domain analysis method based upon identifying the... Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study (CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, ADA 235785). Pittsburgh, PA: Software En- gineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 1990. 178...domain analysis ( FODA ) (see pg. 185), in which a feature is a user-visible aspect or char- acteristic of the domain [Kang 90].) The features in a system

Reuse Adoption Guidebook. Version 02.00.05

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-01

Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibiity Study, W Novak, and S. Peterson CMU/SEI-90-TR-21 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Software 1990 Engineering Institute...Mettala and Graham 1992). " SEI has developed domain analysis techniques (Kang et al. 1990) and other reuse technology. Additionally, the SEI is in the...continue to build on your success. Figure 2-1 illustrates the Reuse Adoption process using a Structured Analysis and Design Thchmque (SADT) diagram

JPRS Report, Proliferation Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-22

delivering abroad polonium sources (with experimental physics. polonium - 210 radioisotopes) for several decades now. They are mostly used in space...the principle of unanimity, SK1303012993 Seoul YONHAP in English 0118 GMT the Japanese position effectively killed the resolution. 13 Mar 93 The APPU...and soul of effective , this would be a great mistake, our people, and disarm us," Kang said. We absolutely cannot assume the responsibility, even "The

Collaborative Research and Development (CR&D). Task Order 0049: Tribological Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

scratch test for TiN on stainless steel with better substrate mechanical properties. This present study was focused on the study of stress distribution...AFRL-RX-WP-TR-2010-4189 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (CR&D) Task Order 0049: Tribological Modeling Young Sup Kang Universal...SUBTITLE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (CR&D) Task Order 0049: Tribological Modeling 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER F33615-03-D-5801-0049 5b

Galerkin Optimal Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

MATHEMATICS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 2014 Randy Boucher Approved By: Wei Kang Professor Chris L. Frenzen Professor Department of...also to the members of my committee: Dr. Frank Giraldo, Dr. Chris Frenzen, Dr. Mike Ross and Dr. Arthur Krener. Each of you planted great seeds of...Louis Lions, Universite Paris, Paris, France, Oct. 2005. [80] J. R. Higgins , Completeness and Basis Properties of Sets of Special Functions. Cam

Theoretical test of Jarzynski's equality for reversible volume-switching processes of an ideal gas system.

PubMed

Sung, Jaeyoung

2007-07-01

We present an exact theoretical test of Jarzynski's equality (JE) for reversible volume-switching processes of an ideal gas system. The exact analysis shows that the prediction of JE for the free energy difference is the same as the work done on the gas system during the reversible process that is dependent on the shape of path of the reversible volume-switching process.

A numerical analysis of plasma non-uniformity in the parallel plate VHF-CCP and the comparison among various model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawada, Ikuo

2012-10-01

We measured the radial distribution of electron density in a 200 mm parallel plate CCP and compared it with results from numerical simulations. The experiments were conducted with pure Ar gas with pressures ranging from 15 to 100 mTorr and 60 MHz applied at the top electrode with powers from 500 to 2000W. The measured electron profile is peaked in the center, and the relative non-uniformity is higher at 100 mTorr than at 15 mTorr. We compare the experimental results with simulations with both HPEM and Monte-Carlo/PIC codes. In HPEM simulations, we used either fluid or electron Monte-Carlo module, and the Poisson or the Electromagnetic solver. None of the models were able to duplicate the experimental results quantitatively. However, HPEM with the electron Monte-Carlo module and PIC qualitatively matched the experimental results. We will discuss the results from these models and how they illuminate the mechanism of enhanced electron central peak.[4pt] [1] T. Oshita, M. Matsukuma, S.Y. Kang, I. Sawada: The effect of non-uniform RF voltage in a CCP discharge, The 57^th JSAP Spring Meeting 2010[4pt] [2] I. Sawada, K. Matsuzaki, S.Y. Kang, T. Ohshita, M. Kawakami, S. Segawa: 1-st IC-PLANTS, 2008

Expansion of syndromic vaccine preventable disease surveillance to include bacterial meningitis and Japanese encephalitis: Evaluation of adapting polio and measles laboratory networks in Bangladesh, China and India, 2007–2008

PubMed Central

Cavallaro, Kathleen F.; Sandhu, Hardeep S.; Hyde, Terri B.; Johnson, Barbara W.; Fischer, Marc; Mayer, Leonard W.; Clark, Thomas A.; Pallansch, Mark A.; Yin, Zundong; Zuo, Shuyan; Hadler, Stephen C.; Diorditsa, Serguey; Hasan, A.S.M. Mainul; Bose, Anindya S.; Dietz, Vance

2016-01-01

Background Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis with laboratory confirmation has been a key strategy in the global polio eradication initiative, and the laboratory platform established for polio testing has been expanded in many countries to include surveillance for cases of febrile rash illness to identify measles and rubella cases. Vaccine-preventable disease surveillance is essential to detect outbreaks, define disease burden, guide vaccination strategies and assess immunization impact. Vaccines now exist to prevent Japanese encephalitis (JE) and some etiologies of bacterial meningitis. Methods We evaluated the feasibility of expanding polio–measles surveillance and laboratory networks to detect bacterial meningitis and JE, using surveillance for acute meningitis-encephalitis syndrome in Bangladesh and China and acute encephalitis syndrome in India. We developed nine syndromic surveillance performance indicators based on international surveillance guidelines and calculated scores using supervisory visit reports, annual reports, and case-based surveillance data. Results Scores, variable by country and targeted disease, were highest for the presence of national guidelines, sustainability, training, availability of JE laboratory resources, and effectiveness of using polio–measles networks for JE surveillance. Scores for effectiveness of building on polio–measles networks for bacterial meningitis surveillance and specimen referral were the lowest, because of differences in specimens and techniques. Conclusions Polio–measles surveillance and laboratory networks provided useful infrastructure for establishing syndromic surveillance and building capacity for JE diagnosis, but were less applicable for bacterial meningitis. Laboratory-supported surveillance for vaccine-preventable bacterial diseases will require substantial technical and financial support to enhance local diagnostic capacity. PMID:25597940

Expansion of syndromic vaccine preventable disease surveillance to include bacterial meningitis and Japanese encephalitis: evaluation of adapting polio and measles laboratory networks in Bangladesh, China and India, 2007-2008.

PubMed

Cavallaro, Kathleen F; Sandhu, Hardeep S; Hyde, Terri B; Johnson, Barbara W; Fischer, Marc; Mayer, Leonard W; Clark, Thomas A; Pallansch, Mark A; Yin, Zundong; Zuo, Shuyan; Hadler, Stephen C; Diorditsa, Serguey; Hasan, A S M Mainul; Bose, Anindya S; Dietz, Vance

2015-02-25

Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis with laboratory confirmation has been a key strategy in the global polio eradication initiative, and the laboratory platform established for polio testing has been expanded in many countries to include surveillance for cases of febrile rash illness to identify measles and rubella cases. Vaccine-preventable disease surveillance is essential to detect outbreaks, define disease burden, guide vaccination strategies and assess immunization impact. Vaccines now exist to prevent Japanese encephalitis (JE) and some etiologies of bacterial meningitis. We evaluated the feasibility of expanding polio-measles surveillance and laboratory networks to detect bacterial meningitis and JE, using surveillance for acute meningitis-encephalitis syndrome in Bangladesh and China and acute encephalitis syndrome in India. We developed nine syndromic surveillance performance indicators based on international surveillance guidelines and calculated scores using supervisory visit reports, annual reports, and case-based surveillance data. Scores, variable by country and targeted disease, were highest for the presence of national guidelines, sustainability, training, availability of JE laboratory resources, and effectiveness of using polio-measles networks for JE surveillance. Scores for effectiveness of building on polio-measles networks for bacterial meningitis surveillance and specimen referral were the lowest, because of differences in specimens and techniques. Polio-measles surveillance and laboratory networks provided useful infrastructure for establishing syndromic surveillance and building capacity for JE diagnosis, but were less applicable for bacterial meningitis. Laboratory-supported surveillance for vaccine-preventable bacterial diseases will require substantial technical and financial support to enhance local diagnostic capacity. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Post-licensure, phase IV, safety study of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis recombinant vaccine in children in Thailand.

PubMed

Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee; Pruekprasert, Pornpimol; Puthanakit, Thanyawee; Pancharoen, Chitsanu; Tangsathapornpong, Auchara; Oberdorfer, Peninnah; Kosalaraksa, Pope; Prommalikit, Olarn; Tangkittithaworn, Suwimon; Kerdpanich, Phirangkul; Techasaensiri, Chonnamet; Korejwo, Joanna; Chuenkitmongkol, Sunate; Houillon, Guy

2017-01-05

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease endemic in most countries in Asia. A recombinant live, attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine, JE-CV, is licensed in 14 countries, including Thailand, for the prevention of Japanese encephalitis in adults and children. This was a prospective, phase IV, open-label, multicentre, safety study of JE-CV conducted from November 2013 to April 2015, to evaluate rare serious adverse events (AEs). JE-CV was administered to 10,000 healthy children aged 9months to <5years in Thailand as a primary (Group 1) or booster (Group 2) vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs), including AEs of special interest, up to 60days after administration were evaluated. Immediate Grade 3 systemic AEs up to 30min after JE-CV administration were also described. The median age of participants was 1.1years in Group 1 and 3.8years in Group 2. SAEs were reported in 204 (3.0%) participants in Group 1 and 59 (1.9%) participants in Group 2. Among a total of 294 SAEs in 263 participants, only three events occurring in two participants were considered related to vaccination. All three cases were moderate urticaria, none of which met the definition of AEs of special interest for hypersensitivity. AEs of special interest were reported in 28 (0.4%) participants in Group 1 and 4 (0.1%) participants in Group 2; none were considered related to vaccination. Febrile convulsion was the most frequently reported AE of special interest: 25 (0.4%) participants in Group 1; and 2 (<0.1%) in Group 2. There were no cases of Japanese encephalitis reported. No Grade 3 immediate systemic AEs were reported after any JE-CV vaccination. Our study did not identify any new safety concerns with JE-CV and confirms its good safety profile. This study was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01981967; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1127-7052). Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The Functional, Social and Economic Impact of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Nepal – a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

PubMed Central

Rayamajhi, Ajit; Poudel, Prakash; Shrestha, Pramina; Srivastav, Vijay; Kneen, Rachel; Medina-Lara, Antonieta; Singh, Rupa R.; Solomon, Tom

2013-01-01

Background Over 133,000 children present to hospitals with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) annually in Asia. Japanese encephalitis (JE) accounts for approximately one-quarter of cases; in most cases no pathogen is identified and management is supportive. Although JE is known to result in neurological impairment, few studies have examined the wider impact of JE and AES on patients and their families. Methodology/Principal Findings Children (aged 1 month–14 years) with AES were assessed 5–12 months after discharge from two Nepali hospitals. Assessment included clinical examination, the Liverpool Outcome Score (LOS) - a validated assessment of function following encephalitis, questionnaires about the child's social participation since discharge, and out-of-pocket costs to the family. Children were classified as JE or ‘other AES’ based on anti-JE virus antibody titres during acute illness. Contact was made with the families of 76% (73/96) of AES children. Six children had died and one declined participation. 48% (32/66) reported functional impairment at follow-up, most frequently affecting behaviour, language or limb use. Impairment was more frequent in JE compared to ‘other AES’ cases (68% [13/19] versus 40% [19/47]; p = 0.06). 49% (26/53) had improvement in LOS between discharge and follow-up. The median out-of-pocket cost to families, including medical bills, medication and lost earnings was US$ 1151 (10 times their median monthly income) for children with severe/moderate impairment and $524 (4.6 times their income) for those with mild/no impairment (P = 0.007). Acute admission accounted for 74% of costs. Social participation was limited in 21% of children (n = 14). Conclusions/Significance Prolonged functional impairment was common following AES. Economic impact to families was substantial. Encouragingly, almost half the children improved after discharge and most reported sustained social participation. This study highlights a need for

Wireless Telemetry of In-Flight Collision Avoidance Neural Signals in Insects

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

with a high LQ product, along with vertical npn transistors (Q1 and Q2) providing a high gm/I ratio with relatively low parasitic capacitance allows...species (pigeon: Sun and Frost, 1998; frog: Kang and Nakagawa, 2006; fish : Preuss et al., 2006; fruit fly: Fotowat et al., 2009). In locusts, this...Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 981-992. Houweling, A. R. and Brecht, M. (2008). Behavioural report of single neuron stimulation in somatosensory cortex

Designing Feature and Data Parallel Stochastic Coordinate Descent Method forMatrix and Tensor Factorization

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-11

AFRL-AFOSR-JP-TR-2016-0046 Designing Feature and Data Parallel Stochastic Coordinate Descent Method for Matrix and Tensor Factorization U Kang Korea...maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or   any other aspect...Designing Feature and Data Parallel Stochastic Coordinate Descent Method for Matrix and Tensor Factorization 5a.  CONTRACT NUMBER 5b.  GRANT NUMBER FA2386

Best Performers Announced for the NCI-CPTAC DREAM Proteogenomics Computational Challenge | Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research

Cancer.gov

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) is pleased to announce that teams led by Jaewoo Kang (Korea University), and Yuanfang Guan with Hongyang Li (University of Michigan) as the best performers of the NCI-CPTAC DREAM Proteogenomics Computational Challenge. Over 500 participants from 20 countries registered for the Challenge, which offered $25,000 in cash awards contributed by the NVIDIA Foundation through its Compute the Cure initiative.

Multifunctional Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Multifunctional Poly(2,5- benzimidazole )/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films JI-YE KANG,1 SOO-MI EO,1 IN-YUP JEON,1 YEONG SUK CHOI,2 LOON-SENG TAN,3 JONG...molecular-weight poly(2,5- benzimidazole ) (ABPBI). ABPBI/carbon nanotube (CNT) compo- sites were prepared via in situ polymerization of the AB-monomer in the...polymerization; multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT); nano- composites; poly(2,5- benzimidazole ); (ABPBI); polycondensa- tion; poly(phosphoric acid); single-walled

Korean Affairs Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-06

Urged (Editorial; Pyongyang Domestic Service, 6 May 85) 173 Kang Song-san Speaks at Designing Workers’ Meeting (KCNA, 10 May 85) 176 Kim Chong-il...missiles, short-range guided weapons, and modern chemical weapons. Such maneuvers of the U.S. imperialists and the Chon Tu-hwan ring are designed to...withdraw from South Korea, taking along all kinds of destructive weapons and aggressor military personnel, and discard their aggressive designs on our

Sensitivity of Typhoon Track Predictions in a Regional Prediction System to Initial and Lateral Boundary Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

123, 93–109. ——, T.-H. Yen, Y.-H. Kuo, and W. Wang, 2002: Rainfall simu- lation associated with Typhoon Herb (1996) near Taiwan . Part I: The topographic...Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan MELINDA S. PENG Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California DER-SONG CHEN, KANG-NING HUANG, AND...TIEN-CHIANG YEH Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan (Manuscript received 13 May 2008, in final form 25 December 2008) ABSTRACT Tropical cyclone

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation by the Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1) and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) Induces Differential Responses in Corneal Epithelial Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

induced Ca2þ signaling as well as phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated phosphatidic acid formation (Islam and Akhtar, 2000; Kang et al., 2000, 2001; Mazie et...Epithelial cell motility is triggered by activation of the EGF receptor through phosphatidic acid signaling. J. Cell Sci. 119, 1645e1654. McIntosh, B.T...buffer. Cell lysates were centrifuged and supernatants were collected for measuring proteins with a bichinchoninic acid assay (BCA) protein assay kit

Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin and Interleukin-2 on Human Leu-11(+) NK cells: Ultrastructural and Functional Correlations

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 17 RPORT SICIJRITY (LASWIC,.dION 1 b . RESTRiCIivE MARIN~ AGS Unclassif ied IS. SiCuRItv CLAISJICArION AUTMORITY 3...comparison with T cell detella pertussis endotoxin. subsets. Anat. Rec., 217:274. Mol. Inmuncl., 21:389. 25.Kang, Y. H., M. Carl, and L. 20.Herberman, R. B ... b . OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PRO(.UREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIfICATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION Naval Medical of appikawble Research and Development Command 64

R2PL 2005 - Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Reengineering towards Product Lines

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

thinking. Other domain engineer- ing approaches are FODA [6] and FORM [7]. Typically these approaches are based on the analysis of high-level...November 1998. [6] Kyo C. Kang, Sholom G. Cohen, James A. Hess, William E. Novak, and A. Spencer Peterson. Feature-oriented do- main analysis ( FODA ... Analysis � by Bas Graaf, Bas Cornelissen, and Leon Moonen. © 2006 by Bas Graaf, Bas Cornelissen, and Leon Moonen. �Identifying Domain-Specific

Creating and Manipulating Formalized Software Architectures to Support a Domain-Oriented Application Composition System

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

OOD) Paradigm ...... .... 2-7 2.4.3 Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) ..... 2-7 2.4.4 Hierarchical Software Systems .................. 2-7...domain analysis ( FODA ) is one approach to domain analysis whose primary goal is to make domain products reusable (20:47). A domain model describes 2-5...7), among others. 2.4.3 Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Kang and others used the com- plete FODA methodology to successfully develop a window

A Study of Stress Distribution in Layered and Gradient Tribological Coatings (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-01

FG) Ti/TiC coating design. On the top of the 440C stainless steel substrate, α-Ti is added as a bond layer with 50nm thickness to improve the... stainless steel substrate and the rigid spherical indenter was performed. Figure 5 (a) shows the normalized Hertzian point contact pressure distribution...AFRL-ML-WP-TP-2007-402 A STUDY OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN LAYERED AND GRADIENT TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS (PREPRINT) Young Sup Kang, Shashi K

Flux Pinning Enhancement in YBa2Cu3O7-x Films for Coated Conductor Applications (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

YBa2Cu3O7–x Films for Coated Conductor Applications Maiorov , B. , Civale , L. , Lin , Y. , Hawley , M.E. , Maley , M.P. , and Peterson , D.E...L. , Maiorov , B. , Hawley , M.E. , Maley , M.P. , and Peterson , D.E. ( 2004 ) Nat. Mater. , 3 , 439 . 30 Kang , S. , Goyal...1864 . 47 Civale , L. , Maiorov , B. , Serquis , A. , Willis , J.O. , Coulter , J.Y. , Wang , H. , Jia , Q.X. , Arendt , P.N

Ullage Tank Fuel-Air Mixture Characterisation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

247-252 Woodrow, J.E., Seiber, J.N., 1988, ‘Vapor-pressure measurement of complex mixtures by headspace gas chromatography ’, Journal of...Electron Ionisation FAR Fuel to Air Mass Ratio FID Flame Ionisation Detector GC Gas Chromatography HS Headspace MS Mass Spectrometry NIST...Determination of volatile substances in biological headspace gas chromatography ’, Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 674, pp. 25-62 Shepherd, J.E, Krok, J.C

Effects of Enhanced Oxygen Delivery by Perfluorocarbons in Spinal Cord Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

spinal cord ischemia. Acta Med Okayama 1997; 51:71–77. 10. Daugherty WP, Levasseur JE, Sun D, Spiess BD, Bullock MR: Perfluorocarbon emulsion improves...cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial function after fluid percussion brain injury in rats. Neurosurgery 2004; 54:1223–1230. 11. Spiess B...2008; 2: 213-20. 13. Zhou Z, Sun D, Levasseur JE, Merenda A, Hamm RJ, Zhu J, Spiess BD, Bullock MR. Perfluorocarbon emulsions improve cognitive

Comparing the immunogenicity and safety of 3 Japanese encephalitis vaccines in Asia-Pacific area: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Wang, Shi-Yuan; Cheng, Xiao-Hua; Li, Jing-Xin; Li, Xi-Yan; Zhu, Feng-Cai; Liu, Pei

2015-01-01

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a leading cause of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in children and adults, is a major public health problem in Asian countries. This study reports a meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and safety of vaccines used to protect infants or children from JE. Three types of JE vaccine were examined, namely, Japanese encephalitis live-attenuated vaccine (JEV-L), Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine (Vero cell) (JEV-I(Vero)), and Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine (primary hamster kidney cell) (JEV-I(PHK)). These vaccines are used to induce fundamental immunity against JE; however, few studies have compared their immunogenicity and safety in infants and young children less than 2 years of age. Data were obtained by searching 5 databases: Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the China Wanfang database, and the Cochrane database. Fifteen articles were identified and scored using the Jadad score for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to calculate the pooled seroconversion rate and adverse reaction rate when tests for heterogeneity were significant. The results showed that the pooled seroconversion rate for JEV-I(PHK) (62.23%) was lower than that for JEV-I(Vero) (86.49%) and JEV-L (83.52%), and that the pooled adverse reaction rate for JEV-L (18.09%) was higher than that for JEV-I(PHK) (10.08%) and JEV-I(Vero) (12.49%). The pooled relative risk was then calculated to compare the seroconversion and adverse reaction rates. The results showed that JEV-I(Vero) and JEV-L were more suitable than JEV-I(PHK) for inducing fundamental immunity to JE in infants and children less than 2 years of age.

West Nile encephalitis outbreak in Kerala, India, 2011.

PubMed

Anukumar, B; Sapkal, Gajanan N; Tandale, Babasheb V; Balasubramanian, R; Gangale, Daya

2014-09-01

An outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) was reported in Kerala in India in May 2011. The outbreak features were unusual in terms of seasonality, geographical distribution, age group, and clinical manifestations in comparison to the epidemiological features of Japanese Encephalitis. To detect the etiology of the acute encephalitis syndrome outbreak. Investigation of outbreak was undertaken by collection of brief clinical history and epidemiological details along with the specimens for viral diagnosis. The serum/CSF samples (patients=208) received from the sentinel hospitals were subjected to IgM capture ELISA and RT-PCR specific for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus and West Nile virus (WNV). The JE/WN IgM positive samples were further tested by serum neutralization assay for the presence of JE and WNV specific neutralizing antibody. Most of the affected patients were aged above 15 years. No spatial clustering of the disease was noticed. Cases were observed in premonsoon and early monsoon season and in JE non-endemic area of Kerala. A total of 47 patient samples were positive for in-house JE IgM capture ELISA and WNV IgM capture ELISA. Serum neutralization assay result revealed that 32 of 42 (76.19%) sera were positive for WNV neutralization antibodies. WNV was isolated from a clinical specimen. Phylogenetic analysis of WNV envelope gene revealed 99% homology with Russian Lineage 1 WNV. West Nile virus (WNV) etiology was confirmed by virus isolation and detection of virus specific antibody from clinical specimen. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the current strain in lineage I West Nile virus. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Final report on "Carbon Data Assimilation with a Coupled Ensemble Kalman Filter"

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kalnay, Eugenia; Kang, Ji-Sun; Fung, Inez

2014-07-23

We proposed (and accomplished) the development of an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) approach for the estimation of surface carbon fluxes as if they were parameters, augmenting the model with them. Our system is quite different from previous approaches, such as carbon flux inversions, 4D-Var, and EnKF with approximate background error covariance (Peters et al., 2008). We showed (using observing system simulation experiments, OSSEs) that these differences lead to a more accurate estimation of the evolving surface carbon fluxes at model grid-scale resolution. The main properties of the LETKF-C are: a) The carbon cycle LETKF is coupled with the simultaneous assimilationmore » of the standard atmospheric variables, so that the ensemble wind transport of the CO2 provides an estimation of the carbon transport uncertainty. b) The use of an assimilation window (6hr) much shorter than the months-long windows used in other methods. This avoids the inevitable “blurring” of the signal that takes place in long windows due to turbulent mixing since the CO2 does not have time to mix before the next window. In this development we introduced new, advanced techniques that have since been adopted by the EnKF community (Kang, 2009, Kang et al., 2011, Kang et al. 2012). These advances include “variable localization” that reduces sampling errors in the estimation of the forecast error covariance, more advanced adaptive multiplicative and additive inflations, and vertical localization based on the time scale of the processes. The main result has been obtained using the LETKF-C with all these advances, and assimilating simulated atmospheric CO2 observations from different observing systems (surface flask observations of CO2 but no surface carbon fluxes observations, total column CO2 from GoSAT/OCO-2, and upper troposphere AIRS retrievals). After a spin-up of about one month, the LETKF-C succeeded in reconstructing the true evolving surface fluxes of carbon at a model grid

Final Technical Report [Carbon Data Assimilation with a Coupled Ensemble Kalman Filter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kalnay, Eugenia

2013-08-30

We proposed (and accomplished) the development of an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) approach for the estimation of surface carbon fluxes as if they were parameters, augmenting the model with them. Our system is quite different from previous approaches, such as carbon flux inversions, 4D-­Var, and EnKF with approximate background error covariance (Peters et al., 2008). We showed (using observing system simulation experiments, OSSEs) that these differences lead to a more accurate estimation of the evolving surface carbon fluxes at model grid-scale resolution. The main properties of the LETKF-­C are: a) The carbon cycle LETKF is coupled with the simultaneous assimilationmore » of the standard atmospheric variables, so that the ensemble wind transport of the CO2 provides an estimation of the carbon transport uncertainty. b) The use of an assimilation window (6hr) much shorter than the months-long windows used in other methods. This avoids the inevitable “blurring” of the signal that takes place in long windows due to turbulent mixing since the CO2 does not have time to mix before the next window. In this development we introduced new, advanced techniques that have since been adopted by the EnKF community (Kang, 2009, Kang et al., 2011, Kang et al. 2012). These advances include “variable localization” that reduces sampling errors in the estimation of the forecast error covariance, more advanced adaptive multiplicative and additive inflations, and vertical localization based on the time scale of the processes. The main result has been obtained using the LETKF-­C with all these advances, and assimilating simulated atmospheric CO2 observations from different observing systems (surface flask observations of CO2 but no surface carbon fluxes observations, total column CO2 from GoSAT/OCO-­2, and upper troposphere AIRS retrievals). After a spin-­up of about one month, the LETKF-­C succeeded in reconstructing the true evolving surface fluxes of carbon at a model

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Improving Quality of Life Among Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Overview of Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Wu, Xinyin; Chung, Vincent C H; Lu, Ping; Poon, Simon K; Hui, Edwin P; Lau, Alexander Y L; Balneaves, Lynda G; Wong, Samuel Y S; Wu, Justin C Y

2016-01-01

For patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy, current clinical evidence has indicated add-on benefit of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in improving quality of life (QoL). However, the relative performance among different CHM is unknown. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and network meta-analyses (NMA) is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different CHM. Seven electronic databases including both international databases and Chinese databases were searched. SRs focus on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with comparison of CHM plus chemotherapy against chemotherapy alone on QoL among NSCLC patients were considered eligible. Data from RCTs were extracted for random effect pairwise meta-analyses. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to quantify the impact of CHM on QoL. NMA was used to explore the most effective CHM for improving QoL when used with chemotherapy. From 14 SRs, 61 RCTs (n = 4247) assessing 11 different CHM were included. Result from pairwise meta-analyses showed 6 CHM (Kang-lai-te injection, Shei-qi-fu-zheng injection, Compound ku-shen injection, Kang-ai injection, Zi-jin-long tablet, and Shen-fu injection) has significant beneficial effect on QoL among NSCLC patients when used with chemotherapy, even after adjustment for publication bias. Pooled RR varied from 1.38 (95% CI: 1.11-1.72, I2 = 0.0%, Kang-lai-te injection) to 3.36 (95% CI: 1.30-8.66, I2 = 0.0%, Zi-jin-long tablet). One trial comparing Hai-shen-su (a protein extract from Tegillarca granosa L.) plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy also demonstrated beneficial effect of combined treatment (RR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.41-6.98). Results from NMA showed no differences on the comparative effectiveness among CHM, but Hai-shen-su plus chemotherapy has the highest probability (62.3%) of being the best option for improving QoL. Use of CHM on top of chemotherapy can significantly improve QoL in NSCLC patients. Although Hai

Equilibrium sampling by reweighting nonequilibrium simulation trajectories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Cheng; Wan, Biao; Xu, Shun; Wang, Yanting; Zhou, Xin

2016-03-01

Based on equilibrium molecular simulations, it is usually difficult to efficiently visit the whole conformational space of complex systems, which are separated into some metastable regions by high free energy barriers. Nonequilibrium simulations could enhance transitions among these metastable regions and then be applied to sample equilibrium distributions in complex systems, since the associated nonequilibrium effects can be removed by employing the Jarzynski equality (JE). Here we present such a systematical method, named reweighted nonequilibrium ensemble dynamics (RNED), to efficiently sample equilibrium conformations. The RNED is a combination of the JE and our previous reweighted ensemble dynamics (RED) method. The original JE reproduces equilibrium from lots of nonequilibrium trajectories but requires that the initial distribution of these trajectories is equilibrium. The RED reweights many equilibrium trajectories from an arbitrary initial distribution to get the equilibrium distribution, whereas the RNED has both advantages of the two methods, reproducing equilibrium from lots of nonequilibrium simulation trajectories with an arbitrary initial conformational distribution. We illustrated the application of the RNED in a toy model and in a Lennard-Jones fluid to detect its liquid-solid phase coexistence. The results indicate that the RNED sufficiently extends the application of both the original JE and the RED in equilibrium sampling of complex systems.

Equilibrium sampling by reweighting nonequilibrium simulation trajectories.

PubMed

Yang, Cheng; Wan, Biao; Xu, Shun; Wang, Yanting; Zhou, Xin

2016-03-01

Based on equilibrium molecular simulations, it is usually difficult to efficiently visit the whole conformational space of complex systems, which are separated into some metastable regions by high free energy barriers. Nonequilibrium simulations could enhance transitions among these metastable regions and then be applied to sample equilibrium distributions in complex systems, since the associated nonequilibrium effects can be removed by employing the Jarzynski equality (JE). Here we present such a systematical method, named reweighted nonequilibrium ensemble dynamics (RNED), to efficiently sample equilibrium conformations. The RNED is a combination of the JE and our previous reweighted ensemble dynamics (RED) method. The original JE reproduces equilibrium from lots of nonequilibrium trajectories but requires that the initial distribution of these trajectories is equilibrium. The RED reweights many equilibrium trajectories from an arbitrary initial distribution to get the equilibrium distribution, whereas the RNED has both advantages of the two methods, reproducing equilibrium from lots of nonequilibrium simulation trajectories with an arbitrary initial conformational distribution. We illustrated the application of the RNED in a toy model and in a Lennard-Jones fluid to detect its liquid-solid phase coexistence. The results indicate that the RNED sufficiently extends the application of both the original JE and the RED in equilibrium sampling of complex systems.

[Chemical Laboratory of Celje Queen (at 580th Anniversary of Bohemian coronation of Queen Barbara of Celje)].

PubMed

Južnič, Stanislav

2017-06-01

Barbara Celjska je bila gotovo najbogatejša alkimistka vseh časov. Prispevek skuša pojasniti kakšni poskusi so potekali v njenem laboratoriju in nakazati, katere tehniške kemijske naprave je utegnila pri tem uporabljati. Ker je bila večina leteh iz zlahka lomljivih snovi, bi bilo njihovo iskanje brškone brez haska, saj ni veliko upanja za njihovo ohranitev. Barbara of Cilli was certainly the richest female alchemist of all times. The article tries to explain what kind of experiments she carried out in her laboratory and indicate which technical chemical plant she likely has used. The major part of her expensive tools was made from easily breakable materials, therefore any contemporary pursuit to locate them will be probably in vain, because there is not much hope for their preservation.

China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S. Nuclear Weapon Secrets

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

Benjamin Kang, “China Nuclear Halt May Stem From Deal,” Reuters, July 30, 1996; Robert Karniol, “Nuclear Blast Heralds A Chinese Moratorium,” Jane’s Defense...Leak,” New York Times, April 8, 1999. 12 FBI, “Statement by FBI Director Robert S. Mueller,” April 9, 2003; Katrina Leung Affidavit; James J. Smith...the appropriate congressional committees and the White House on April 21, 1999. Robert Walpole, the National Intelligence Officer for Strategic and

Atomic Layer Deposition Enabled Interconnect Technology for Vertical Nanowire Arrays

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

Diodes”, Nano Lett., Vol. 5, No. 11, 2005. [5] Hwa-Mok Kim, Tae Won Kang and Kwan Soo Chung,“Nanoscale Ultraviolet-Light- Emitting Diodes Using Wide...Bandgap Gallium Nitride Nanorods”, Adv. Materi. 2003, 15, No. 7-8. [6] Candace K. Chan, Hailin Peng, Gao Liu, Kevin McIlwrath, Xiao Feng Zhang...Coatings”Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 19, 1801 2007. [13] Candace K. Chan, Hailin Peng, Gao Liu, Kevin McIlwrath, Xiao Feng Zhang, Robert A. Huggins

China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs. No. 439

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-25

Guo Qiang [6753 1730] Kang Yu [1660 1342] Cao Qiufu [2580 4428 4395] Ma Guishu [7802 6710 2579] Li Ping [2621 1627] Li Guangheng [2621 0342...7449] Guo Yulan (F) [6753 3768 5695] Guo Junping (F) [6753 0193 1627] Guo Ruilian (F) [6753 3843 5571] Cao Gailian (F) [2580 2395 5571] Cao ...6320 1073 3843] Gao Shiying [7559 1102 5391] Jia Bin [0328 2430] Cao Guoquan [2580 0948 2938] Jing Manru (F) [7231 2581 5423] Zang Xin [5258 2450

The Domain-Specific Software Architecture Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Kang, K.C; Cohen, S.C: Jess, J.A; Novak, W.E; Peterson, A.S. Feature- Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) Feasibility Study. (CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, ADA235785...perspective of a con- trols engineer solving a problem using an iterative process of simulation and analysis . The CMU/SEI-92-SR-9 1 I ~math AnalysislP...for schedulability analysis and Markov processes for the determination of reliability. Software architectures are derived from these formal models. ORA

France and the Rif War: Lessons from a Forgotten Counterinsurgency War (Northern Morocco - April 1925 - May 1927)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-07

the fighting: the then captains Alphonse Juin, Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, and Lieutenant Philippe de Hautecloque. In his study Three Marshals of...d’aviation. Paris: Berger Levrault, 1928. Juin, Alphonse (Marechal), Je suis soldat: Paris, Editions du Conquistador, 1960. Laure, Auguste, La...Marshals of France, 15 0. 83 Clayton, Three Marshals of France, 155. 84 Juin, Alphonse (man\\chal), Je suis soldat, pp. 102-103. « J’ai rappe!e moi

Task-Evoked Pupillary Responses and Cognitive Processing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

Yingling, C.D., and Skinner, J.E. Gating of thalanic input to cerebral cortex by nucleus reticularis thalami. In J.E. Desmedt (Ed.), Attention, voluntary...innervated. Peripheral control of these muscles originates In the nucleus Edinger-Westphal (located within the third nerve nucleus at the level of the...thalamus is a thin neuronal shell, the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (Carpenter, 1978). Most of the axons from this shell enter the dorsal thalamus

Jet Measurements for Development of Jet Noise Prediction Tools

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James E.

2006-01-01

The primary focus of my presentation is the development of the jet noise prediction code JeNo with most examples coming from the experimental work that drove the theoretical development and validation. JeNo is a statistical jet noise prediction code, based upon the Lilley acoustic analogy. Our approach uses time-average 2-D or 3-D mean and turbulent statistics of the flow as input. The output is source distributions and spectral directivity.

Overview of Japanese encephalitis disease and its prevention. Focus on IC51 vaccine (IXIARO®)

PubMed Central

AMICIZIA, D.; ZANGRILLO, F.; LAI, P.L.; IOVINE, M.; PANATTO, D.

2018-01-01

Summary Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes to a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including birds and mammals. Domestic animals, especially pigs, are generally implicated as reservoirs of the virus, while humans are not part of the natural transmission cycle and cannot pass the virus to other hosts. Although JEV infection is very common in endemic areas (many countries in Asia), less than 1% of people affected develop clinical disease, and severe disease affects about 1 case per 250 JEV infections. Although rare, severe disease can be devastating; among the 30,000-50,000 global cases per year, approximately 20-30% of patients die and 30-50% of survivors develop significant neurological sequelae. JE is a significant public health problem for residents in endemic areas and may constitute a substantial risk for travelers to these areas. The epidemiology of JE and its risk to travelers have changed, and continue to evolve. The rapid economic growth of Asian countries has led to a surge in both inbound and outbound travel, making Asia the second most-visited region in the world after Europe, with 279 million international travelers in 2015. The top destination is China, followed by Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Japan, and the number of travelers is forecast to reach 535 million by 2030 (+ 4.9% per year). Because of the lack of treatment and the infeasibility of eliminating the vector, vaccination is recognized as the most efficacious means of preventing JE. The IC51 vaccine (IXIARO®) is a purified, inactivated, whole virus vaccine against JE. It is safe, well tolerated, efficacious and can be administered to children, adults and the elderly. The vaccination schedule involves administering 2 doses four weeks apart. For adults, a rapid schedule (0-7 days) is available, which could greatly enhance the feasibility of its use. Healthcare workers should inform both short

Safety and immunogenicity of a freeze-dried, Vero cell culture-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (KD-287, ENCEVAC®) versus a mouse brain-derived inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children: a phase III, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial.

PubMed

Yun, Ki Wook; Lee, Hoan Jong; Kang, Jin Han; Eun, Byung Wook; Kim, Yae-Jean; Kim, Kyung-Hyo; Kim, Nam Hee; Hong, Young Jin; Kim, Dong Ho; Kim, Hwang Min; Cha, Sung-Ho

2015-01-08

Although mouse brain-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines (JE-MBs) have been successfully used for a long time, potential rare neurological complications have prompted the development of a Vero cell culture-derived inactivated vaccine (JE-VC). In a phase III clinical study, we aimed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a JE-VC, KD-287 with a JE-MB, JEV-GCC, in children. In this multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, the study population consisted of 205 healthy Korean children aged 12-23 months. Each subject was subcutaneously vaccinated with either KD-287 or JEV-GCC twice at an interval of 2 weeks and then vaccinated once 12 months after the second vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies were measured by the plaque reduction neutralization test using the homologous and heterologous, as a post hoc analysis, challenge virus strains. The three-dose regimen of KD-287 showed a comparable safety profile with JEV-GCC except higher incidence of fever after the first dose (30.4% and 14.7%, respectively). Most of the fever was mild degree (61.3% and 66.7%, respectively). KD-287 fulfilled the non-inferiority criteria for seroconversion rate (SCR) and geometric mean titer (GMT) of the neutralizing antibody, which were the primary endpoints, at 4 weeks after the third vaccination (95% CI: -1.00, 3.10 for the SCR difference and 10.8, 17.6 for the GMT ratio). The SCRs of KD-287 were all 100% and the GMTs were higher in the KD-287 group than in the JEV-GCC group after the second vaccination and before and after the third vaccination (GMT ratio: 5.59, 20.13, and 13.79, respectively, p < 0.001 in all). GMTs were higher in the KD-287 group in the heterologous analysis also (GMT ratio: 4.05, 5.15, and 4.19, respectively, p < 0.001 in all). This study suggests that the KD-287, a JE-VC is as safe as and may be more effective than the licensed MB-derived vaccine. KD-287 could thus be useful as a second-generation vaccine and substitute

Prediction of seismic collapse risk of steel moment frame mid-rise structures by meta-heuristic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jough, Fooad Karimi Ghaleh; Şensoy, Serhan

2016-12-01

Different performance levels may be obtained for sideway collapse evaluation of steel moment frames depending on the evaluation procedure used to handle uncertainties. In this article, the process of representing modelling uncertainties, record to record (RTR) variations and cognitive uncertainties for moment resisting steel frames of various heights is discussed in detail. RTR uncertainty is used by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), modelling uncertainties are considered through backbone curves and hysteresis loops of component, and cognitive uncertainty is presented in three levels of material quality. IDA is used to evaluate RTR uncertainty based on strong ground motion records selected by the k-means algorithm, which is favoured over Monte Carlo selection due to its time saving appeal. Analytical equations of the Response Surface Method are obtained through IDA results by the Cuckoo algorithm, which predicts the mean and standard deviation of the collapse fragility curve. The Takagi-Sugeno-Kang model is used to represent material quality based on the response surface coefficients. Finally, collapse fragility curves with the various sources of uncertainties mentioned are derived through a large number of material quality values and meta variables inferred by the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model based on response surface method coefficients. It is concluded that a better risk management strategy in countries where material quality control is weak, is to account for cognitive uncertainties in fragility curves and the mean annual frequency.

Optical system for tablet variety discrimination using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Yongni; He, Yong; Hu, Xingyue

2007-12-01

An optical system based on visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS) for variety discrimination of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) tablets was developed. This system consisted of a light source, beam splitter system, sample chamber, optical detector (diffuse reflection detector), and data collection. The tablet varieties used in the research include Da na kang, Xin bang, Tian bao ning, Yi kang, Hua na xing, Dou le, Lv yuan, Hai wang, and Ji yao. All samples (n=270) were scanned in the Vis/NIR region between 325 and 1075 nm using a spectrograph. The chemometrics method of principal component artificial neural network (PC-ANN) was used to establish discrimination models of them. In PC-ANN models, the scores of the principal components were chosen as the input nodes for the input layer of ANN, and the best discrimination rate of 91.1% was reached. Principal component analysis was also executed to select several optimal wavelengths based on loading values. Wavelengths at 481, 458, 466, 570, 1000, 662, and 400 nm were then used as the input data of stepwise multiple linear regression, the regression equation of ginkgo tablets was obtained, and the discrimination rate was researched 84.4%. The results indicated that this optical system could be applied to discriminating ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) tablets, and it supplied a new method for fast ginkgo tablet variety discrimination.

Spin Dynamics in the electron-doped high-Tc superconductors Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-δ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Pengcheng

2007-03-01

We briefly review results of recent neutron scattering experiments designed to probe the evolution of antiferromagnetic (AF) order and spin dynamics in the electron- doped Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-δ (PLCCO) as the system is tuned from its as-grown non-superconducting AF state into an optimally doped superconductor (Tc = 27.5 K) without static AF order [1-3]. For under doped materials, a quasi-two- dimensional spin-density wave was found to coexist with three- dimensional AF order and superconductivity. In addition, the low-energy spin excitations follow Bose statistics. In the case of optimally doped material, we have discovered a magnetic resonance intimately related to superconductivity analogous to the resonance in hole-doped materials. On the other hand, the low energy spin excitations have very weak temperature dependence and do not follow Bose statistics, in sharp contrast to the as-grown nonsuperconducting materials. 1 Stephen D. Wilson, Pengcheng Dai, Shiliang Li, Songxue Chi, H. J. Kang, and J. W. Lynn, Nature (London) 442, 59 (2006). 2 Stephen D. Wilson, Shiliang Li, Hyungje Woo, Pengcheng Dai, H. A. Mook, C. D. Frost, S. Komiya, and Y. Ando, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 157001 (2006). 3. Stephen D. Wilson, Shiliang Li, Pengcheng Dai, Wei Bao, J. H. Chung, H. J. Kang, S.-H. Lee, S. Komiya, and Y. Ando, Phys. Rev. B 74, 144514 (2006).

Refining Field Measurements of Methane Flux Rates from Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lagron, C. S.; Kang, M.; Riqueros, N. S.; Jackson, R. B.

2015-12-01

Recent studies in Pennsylvania demonstrate the potential for significant methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells. A subset of tested wells was high emitting, with methane flux rates up to seven orders of magnitude greater than natural fluxes (up to 105 mg CH4/hour, or about 2.5LPM). These wells contribute disproportionately to the total methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells. The principles guiding the chamber design have been developed for lower flux rates, typically found in natural environments, and chamber design modifications may reduce uncertainty in flux rates associated with high-emitting wells. Kang et al. estimate errors of a factor of two in measured values based on previous studies. We conduct controlled releases of methane to refine error estimates and improve chamber design with a focus on high-emitters. Controlled releases of methane are conducted at 0.05 LPM, 0.50 LPM, 1.0 LPM, 2.0 LPM, 3.0 LPM, and 5.0 LPM, and at two chamber dimensions typically used in field measurements studies of abandoned wells. As most sources of error tabulated by Kang et al. tend to bias the results toward underreporting of methane emissions, a flux-targeted chamber design modification can reduce error margins and/or provide grounds for a potential upward revision of emission estimates.

Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Far Eastern Russia Using a Focus Reduction Neutralization Test

PubMed Central

Murata, Ryo; Hashiguchi, Kazuaki; Yoshii, Kentaro; Kariwa, Hiroaki; Nakajima, Kensuke; Ivanov, Leonid I.; Leonova, Galina N.; Takashima, Ikuo

2011-01-01

West Nile (WN) virus has been spreading geographically to non-endemic areas in various parts of the world. However, little is known about the extent of WN virus infection in Russia. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, which is closely related to WN virus, is prevalent throughout East Asia. We evaluated the effectiveness of a focus reduction neutralization test in young chicks inoculated with JE and WN viruses, and conducted a survey of WN infection among wild birds in Far Eastern Russia. Following single virus infection, only neutralizing antibodies specific to the homologous virus were detected in chicks. The neutralization test was then applied to serum samples from 145 wild birds for WN and JE virus. Twenty-one samples were positive for neutralizing antibodies to WN. These results suggest that WN virus is prevalent among wild birds in the Far Eastern region of Russia. PMID:21363987

A decade of Japanese encephalitis surveillance in Sarawak, Malaysia: 1997-2006.

PubMed

Wong, See C; Ooi, Mong H; Abdullah, Abdul R; Wong, See Y; Krishnan, Shekhar; Tio, Phaik H; Pek, Peng C; Lai, Boon F; Mohan, Anand; Muhi, Jamail; Kiyu, Andrew; Arif, Mohamad T; Cardosa, Mary J

2008-01-01

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important encephalitis virus in Asia, but there are few data on Malaysia. A hospital-based surveillance system for Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been in operation in Sarawak, Malaysia, for the last 10 years. JEV is endemic in Sarawak, with cases occurring throughout the year and a seasonal peak in the last quarter (one-way anova, P < 0.0001). Ninety-two per cent of 133 cases were children aged 12 years or younger; the introduction of JE vaccination in July 2001 reduced the number of JE cases (84 in the four seasons prior to vs. 49 in the six seasons after, McNemar's test, P = 0.0001). After implementation of the programme, the mean age of infected children increased from 6.3 to 8.0 years (Student's t-test, P = 0.0037), suggesting the need for a catch-up programme.

Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Japanese Encephalitis Virus among High-Risk Age Groups in South Korea, 2010

PubMed Central

Ju, Young Ran; Han, Myung Guk; Lee, Won-Ja; Jeong, Young Eui

2016-01-01

After an extensive vaccination policy, Japanese encephalitis (JE) was nearly eliminated since the mid-1980s in South Korea. Vaccination in children shifted the affected age of JE patients from children to adults. However, an abrupt increase in JE cases occurred in 2010, and this trend has continued. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to the JE virus (JEV) among high-risk age groups (≥40 years) in South Korea. A plaque reduction neutralization test was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to JEV in 945 subjects within four age groups (30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years) in 10 provinces. Of the 945 enrolled subjects, 927 (98.1%) exhibited antibodies against JEV. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies according to sex, age, or occupation. However, there were significant differences in the plaque reduction rate according to age and occupation; oldest age group had a higher reduction rate, and subjects who were employed in agriculture or forestry also had a higher value than the other occupations. We also found that three provinces (Gangwon, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam) had a relatively lower plaque reduction rate than the other locations. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to determine recent viral infections and 12 (2.2%) subjects were found to have been recently infected by the virus. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies has been maintained at very high levels among adult age groups owing to vaccination or natural infections, or both. In the future, serosurveillance should be conducted periodically using more representative samples to better understand the population-level immunity to JE in South Korea. PMID:26807709

A Population-Based Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes Surveillance in Guangxi, China, May 2007- June 2012

PubMed Central

Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Wu, Xinghua; Bi, Fuyin; Hadler, Stephen C.; Jiraphongsa, Chuleeporn; Sornsrivichai, Vorasith; Lin, Mei; Quan, Yi

2015-01-01

Objectives Acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) are common diseases with the main pathogens being viruses and bacteria. As specific treatments are different, it is important to develop clinical prediction rules to distinguish aseptic from bacterial or fungal infection. In this study we evaluated the incidence rates, seasonal variety and the main etiologic agents of AME, and identified factors that could be used to predict the etiologic agents. Methods A population-based AME syndrome surveillance system was set up in Guigang City, Guangxi, involving 12 hospitals serving the study communities. All patients meeting the case definition were investigated. Blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid were tested for bacterial pathogens using culture or RT-PCR and serological tests for viruses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Laboratory testing variables were grouped using factor analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the etiology of AME. Results From May 2007 to June 2012, the annual incidence rate of AME syndrome, and disease specifically caused by Japanese encephalitis (JE), other viruses, bacteria and fungi were 12.55, 0.58, 4.57, 0.45 and 0.14 per 100,000 population, respectively. The top three identified viral etiologic agents were enterovirus, mumps virus, and JE virus, and for bacteria/fungi were Streptococcus sp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Staphylococcus sp. The incidence of JE and other viruses affected younger populations and peaked from April to August. Alteration of consciousness and leukocytosis were more likely to be caused by JE, bacteria and fungi whereas CSF inflammation was associated with bacterial/fungal infection. Conclusions With limited predictive validity of symptoms and signs and routine laboratory tests, specific tests for JE virus, mumps virus and enteroviruses are required to evaluate the immunization impact and plan for further intervention. CSF bacterial culture cannot be omitted in guiding clinical decisions

Je pense donc je fais: transcranial direct current stimulation modulates brain oscillations associated with motor imagery and movement observation.

PubMed

Lapenta, Olivia M; Minati, Ludovico; Fregni, Felipe; Boggio, Paulo S

2013-01-01

Motor system neural networks are activated during movement imagery, observation and execution, with a neural signature characterized by suppression of the Mu rhythm. In order to investigate the origin of this neurophysiological marker, we tested whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modifies Mu rhythm oscillations during tasks involving observation and imagery of biological and non-biological movements. We applied tDCS (anodal, cathodal, and sham) in 21 male participants (mean age 23.8 ± 3.06), over the left M1 with a current of 2 mA for 20 min. Following this, we recorded the EEG at C3, C4, and Cz and surrounding C3 and C4 electrodes. Analyses of C3 and C4 showed significant effects for biological vs. non-biological movement (p = 0.005), and differential hemisphere effects according to the type of stimulation (p = 0.04) and type of movement (p = 0.02). Analyses of surrounding electrodes revealed significant interaction effects considering type of stimulation and imagery or observation of biological or non-biological movement (p = 0.03). The main findings of this study were (1) Mu desynchronization during biological movement of the hand region in the contralateral hemisphere after sham tDCS; (2) polarity-dependent modulation effects of tDCS on the Mu rhythm, i.e., anodal tDCS led to Mu synchronization while cathodal tDCS led to Mu desynchronization during movement observation and imagery (3) specific focal and opposite inter-hemispheric effects, i.e., contrary effects for the surrounding electrodes during imagery condition and also for inter-hemispheric electrodes (C3 vs. C4). These findings provide insights into the cortical oscillations during movement observation and imagery. Furthermore, it shows that tDCS can be highly focal when guided by a behavioral task.

Large-scale Heterogeneous Network Data Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-31

Mining (KDD’09), 527-535, 2009. [20] B. Long, Z. M. Zhang, X. Wu, and P. S. Yu . Spectral Clustering for Multi-type Relational Data. In Proceedings of...and Data Mining (KDD’06), 374-383, 2006. [33] Y. Sun, Y. Yu , and J. Han. Ranking-Based Clustering of Heterogeneous Information Networks with Star...publications in 2012 so far:  Yi-Kuang Ko, Jing- Kai Lou, Cheng-Te Li, Shou-de Lin, and Shyh-Kang Jeng. “A Social Network Evolution Model Based on

Volumetric Combustion Diagnostics

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-03

Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber Based Endoscopes Journal of Gas Turbine and Power, 138(2) (2015). [1] M. Kang, Y. Wu, L... Wind Tunnel Using Fiber Based Endoscopes Journal of Gas Turbine and Power, 138(2) (2015). [18] L. Ma, A.J. Wickersham, W. Xu, S.J. Peltier, T.M...provided here with the aid of Figure 1. Figure 1 shows the mathematical formation of the problem . We assume the measurement volume is cubical with a

Palm fruit in traditional African food culture.

PubMed

Atinmo, Tola; Bakre, Aishat Taiwo

2003-01-01

The centre of origin of the oil palm is the tropical rain forest region of West Africa. It is considered to be the 200-300 kilometre wide coastal belt between Liberia and Mayumbe. The oil palm tree has remained the 'tree of life' of Yoruba land as well as of other parts of southern West Africa to which it is indigenous. The Yoruba are adept at spinning philosophical and poetical proverbs around such ordinary things as hills, rivers, birds, animals and domestic tools. Hundreds of the traditional proverbs are still with us, and through them one can see the picture of the environment that contributed to the moulding of the thoughts of the people. Yoruba riddles or puzzles were also couched in terms of the environment and the solutions to them were also environmental items. They have a popular saying: A je eran je eran a kan egungun, a je egungun je egungun a tun kan eran: 'A piece of meat has an outer layer of flesh, an intermediate layer of bone and an inner layer of flesh'. What is it? A palm fruit: it has an outer edible layer, the mesocarp; then a layer of shell, inedible, and the kernel inside, edible. The solution to this puzzle summarises the botanical and cultural characteristics of the palm fruit.

Development of Intrathecal AAV9 Gene Therapy for Giant Axonal Neuropathy.

PubMed

Bailey, Rachel M; Armao, Diane; Nagabhushan Kalburgi, Sahana; Gray, Steven J

2018-06-15

An NIH-sponsored phase I clinical trial is underway to test a potential treatment for giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) using viral-mediated GAN gene replacement (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02362438). This trial marks the first instance of intrathecal (IT) adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer in humans. GAN is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by autosomal recessive loss-of-function mutations in the GAN gene, which encodes the gigaxonin protein. Gigaxonin is involved in the regulation, turnover, and degradation of intermediate filaments (IFs). The pathologic signature of GAN is giant axonal swellings filled with disorganized accumulations of IFs. Herein, we describe the development and characterization of the AAV vector carrying a normal copy of the human GAN transgene (AAV9/JeT-GAN) currently employed in the clinical trial. Treatment with AAV/JeT-GAN restored the normal configuration of IFs in patient fibroblasts within days in cell culture and by 4 weeks in GAN KO mice. IT delivery of AAV9/JeT-GAN in aged GAN KO mice preserved sciatic nerve ultrastructure, reduced neuronal IF accumulations and attenuated rotarod dysfunction. This strategy conferred sustained wild-type gigaxonin expression across the PNS and CNS for at least 1 year in mice. These results support the clinical evaluation of AAV9/JeT-GAN for potential therapeutic outcomes and treatment for GAN patients.

A homolog of Escherichia coli RecA in mitochondria of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

PubMed

Hasegawa, Yasuna; Wakabayashi, Masayuki; Nakamura, Shogo; Kodaira, Ken-ichi; Shinohara, Hiroaki; Yasukawa, Hiro

2004-05-04

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum expresses a gene encoding a 452-amino-acid polypeptide that is 47% identical to Escherichia coli RecA. A recA-deficient E. coli, JE6651, was transformed by pYSN1, which was designed to express the truncated form of the D. discoideum gene, and used in suppression assays. The viability of the transformant, JE6651(pYSN1), increased following UV irradiation or mitomycin C treatment. Phage lambda (red(-) gam(-)), which required RecA activity for DNA packaging, formed plaques on a lawn of JE6651(pYSN1). These results indicate that the gene product has a DNA recombination activity. Fluorescence of D. discoideum protein fused with GFP was detected in mitochondria. The gene disruption mutant was hypersensitive to UV-light (254nm), mitomycin C and H(2)O(2), indicating that D. discoideum recA is important for survival following exposure to DNA damaging agents.

Structural and Mechanistic Analyses of TSC1/2 and Rheb 1/2-Mediated Regulation of the mTORC Pathway

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

11, 895-904. 7. Sancak, Y., Thoreen, C.C., Peterson , T.R., Lindquist, R.A., Kang, S.A., Spooner, E., Carr, S.A., Sabatini, D.M. PRAS40 Is an Insulin...of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex interacting with the binding domain of human FRAP. Science 1996 , 273, 239- 42. 16. Choo, A.Y., Blenis, J. Not all...J., Hershey , J. W., Blenis, J., Pende, M., and Sonenberg, N. (2006) EMBO J. 25, 2781–2791 9. Barbet, N. C., Schneider, U., Helliwell, S. B

Untangling the drivers of nonlinear systems with information theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wing, S.; Johnson, J.

2017-12-01

Many systems found in nature are nonlinear. The drivers of the system are often nonlinearly correlated with one another, which makes it a challenge to understand the effects of an individual driver. For example, solar wind velocity (Vsw) and density (nsw) are both found to correlate well with radiation belt fluxes and are thought to be drivers of the magnetospheric dynamics; however, the Vsw is anti-correlated with nsw, which can potentially confuse interpretation of these relationships as causal or coincidental. Information theory can untangle the drivers of these systems, describe the underlying dynamics, and offer constraints to modelers and theorists, leading to better understanding of the systems. Two examples are presented. In the first example, the solar wind drivers of geosynchronous electrons with energy range of 1.8-3.5 MeV are investigated using mutual information (MI), conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). The information transfer from Vsw to geosynchronous MeV electron flux (Je) peaks with a lag time (t) of 2 days. As previously reported, Je is anticorrelated with nsw with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed mainly to the Je(t + 2 days) correlation with Vsw(t) and nsw(t + 1 day) anticorrelation with Vsw(t). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the (Vsw, nsw) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of Vsw, the response of Je to nsw is 30% smaller and has a lag time < 24 hr, suggesting that the loss mechanism due to nsw or solar wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in < 24 hr. nsw transfers about 36% as much information as Vsw (the primary driver) to Je. Nonstationarity in the system dynamics are investigated using windowed TE. When the data is ordered according to high or low transfer entropy it is possible to understand details of the triangle distribution that has been identified between Je(t + 2

Pediatricians' perceptions of vaccine effectiveness and safety are significant predictors of vaccine administration in India

PubMed Central

Gargano, Lisa M.; Thacker, Naveen; Choudhury, Panna; Weiss, Paul S.; Russ, Rebecca M.; Pazol, Karen; Arora, Manisha; Orenstein, Walter A.; Omer, Saad B.; Hughes, James M.

2013-01-01

Background New vaccine introduction is important to decrease morbidity and mortality in India. The goal of this study was to identify perceptions that are associated with administration of four selected vaccines for prevention of Japanese encephalitis (JE), typhoid fever, influenza and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Methods A random sample of 785 pediatricians from a national list of Indian Academy of Pediatrics members was selected for a survey to assess perceptions of vaccine effectiveness and safety, and vaccine administration practices. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with selective or routine use. Results Pediatricians reported administering typhoid (91.6%), influenza (60.1%), HPV (46.0%) and JE (41.9%) vaccines selectively or routinely. Pediatricians who perceived the vaccine to be safe were significantly more likely to report administration of JE (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.3), influenza (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 9.6) and HPV vaccine (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.1 to 12.7). Pediatricians who perceived the vaccine to be effective were significantly more likely to report administration of JE (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.5), influenza (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.5 to 23.1) and HPV vaccine (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.4) Conclusion Understanding the role perceptions play provides an opportunity to design strategies to build support for vaccine use. PMID:24030271

[Current treatment options for hereditary angioedema].

PubMed

Hakl, Roman

Hereditární angioedém je vzácné dominantně dědičné onemocnění způsobené deficitem inhibitoru C1-esterázy (C1-INH). Onemocnění se klinicky projevuje recidivami lokalizovaných otoků podkoží a sliznic. Nemoc je hendikepující a může být i smrtelná. Charakteristická je extrémní variabilita v četnosti a závažnosti symptomů. Článek se zabývá organizací péče o pacienty a zahrnuje aktuální léčebné možnosti onemocnění. Strategie léčby zahrnuje krátkodobou a dlouhodobou profylaxi a léčbu atak. V současné době léčebné možnosti zahrnují atenuované androgeny, antifibrinolytika, rekombinantní (rhC1-INH) a plazma derivované (pdC1-INH) C1-INH, antagonistu bradykininového receptoru a inhibitor kalikreinu. V České republice je péče od roku 2011 soustředěna do 4 diagnosticko-terapeutických center.Klíčová slova: bradykininový receptor - C1 inhibitor - hereditární angioedém - komplementový systém.

Range and trend of expected toxicity level (ETL) in standard A + B designs: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.

PubMed

Chen, Zhengjia; Krailo, Mark D; Sun, Junfeng; Azen, Stanley P

2009-03-01

The traditional algorithm-based 3+3 designs are most widely used for their practical simplicity in phase I clinical trials. At early stage, a common belief was that the expected toxicity level (ETL) at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) should be 33% [Storer, B. Design and analysis of phase I clinical trials. Biometrics 1989;45;925-937, Gorden, N., Willson, J. Using toxicity grades in the design and analysis of cancer phase I clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 1992; 11: 2063-2075, Mick, R. Phase I Clinical Trial Design. In Schilsky, R., Milano, G., Ratain, M., eds. Principles of Antineoplastic Drug Development and Pharmacology New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1996; 29-36]. Recently, Kang and Ahn [Kang, S., Ahn, C. The expected toxicity rate at the maximum tolerated dose in the standard phase I cancer clinical trial design. Drug Information Journal 2001; 35:1189-1199, Kang, S., Ahn, C. An investigation of the traditional algorithm-based designs for phase I cancer clinical trials. Drug Information Journal 2002; 36:865-873] found that the ETL is between 17% and 21% and He et al [He, W., Liu, J., Binkowitz, B., Quan, H. A model-based approach in the estimation of the maximum tolerated dose in phase I cancer clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 2006; 25(12):2027-42] further reported that the ETL ranges from 19% to 24%. However they only investigated designs where the number of dose levels was at most 20. It has practical significance in designing and conducting phase I clinical trial to definitely assess the full range and trend of ETL by all possible number of tested dose levels in traditional algorithm-based A+B designs, especially 3+3 designs. In this simulation study, we originally find that the ETL decreases monotonically from about 30% to 0% as the number of dose levels increase from 3 to infinity, which will correct the inaccuracy in the common belief among phase I trial investigators. To help better design and conduct phase I trials, we create a table as a

Particulate matters emitted from maize straw burning for winter heating in rural areas in Guanzhong Plain, China: Current emission and future reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jian; Shen, Zhenxing; Cao, Junji; Zhang, Leiming; Wu, Tingting; Zhang, Qian; Yin, Xiuli; Lei, Yali; Huang, Yu; Huang, R.-J.; Liu, Suixin; Han, Yongming; Xu, Hongmei; Zheng, Chunli; Liu, Pingping

2017-02-01

Maize straw smoldering in "Heated Kang" is the traditional way for heating in winter in rural areas of Guanzhong Plain. This smolder procedure produced large quantities of pollutants and got more and more concern from both public and researchers. In this study, on-site measurements of straw smoldering in a residence with a Chinese 'Heated Kang' (Scenario 1) were done to determine the emissions factors (EFs) for pollutants. Moreover, EFs of pollutants from an advanced stove fired with maize straw (Scenario 2) and maize-straw pellet (Scenario 3) had been conducted in a laboratory to find the new measure to reduce the pollution emissions. The results showed that the EFs of PM2.5 for three scenarios were 38.26 ± 13.94 g·kg- 1, 17.50 ± 8.29 g·kg- 1 and 2.95 ± 0.71 g·kg- 1, respectively. Comparing EFs of pollutants from 3 scenarios indicates that both briquetting of straw and advanced stove with air distribution system could efficiently reduce pollutants emission especially for Scenario 3. In detail, EFs of PM2.5, OC, EC and water soluble ions all have over 90% reduction between Scenarios 1 and 3. All particle-size distributions were unimodal, and all peaked in particle sizes < 0.47 μm. The EFs for K+ and Cl- were the highest of cations and anions for the majority of size groups. Converting to pellets and advanced stoves for residential heating could reduce PM2.5 emission from 48.3 Gg to 3.59 Gg, OC from 19.0 Gg to 0.91 Gg, EC from 1.7 Gg to 0.17 Gg and over 90% reduction on total water soluble ions in the whole region. A box model simulation for the Guanzhong Plain indicated that this conversion would lead to a 7.7% reduction in PM2.5 (from 130 to 120 μg·m- 3) in normal conditions and a 14.2% reduction (from 350 to 300 μg·m- 3) in hazy conditions. The results highlighted that the straw pellets burning in advanced stove can effectively reduce pollutants emitted and improve the energy use efficiency in comparison with maize straw smoldering in "Heated Kang

L'Aventure du LHC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2010-06-11

Cette présentation s’adressera principalement aux personnes qui ont construit le LHC. La construction du LHC fut longue et difficile. De nombreux problèmes sont apparus en cours de route. Tous ont été résolus grâce au dévouement et à l’engagement du personnel et des collaborateurs. Je reviendrai sur les coups durs et les réussites qui ont marqués ces 15 dernières années et je vous montrerai combien cette machine, le fruit de vos efforts, est extraordinaire.

L'optique spatiale au CES

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtois, M.; Otrio, G.

2018-04-01

Jai le plaisir d'inaugurer cette troisieme conference ICS0'97 consacree a l'optique patialc Les techniques evoluent tres vite; l'optique et l'optoelectronique n'echappent pas a c:ene regle. Depuis Garmisch. en 1994, bien des evenements concemant ces domaines se som produits le rappellerai !es faits les plus saillants dans la premiere panie de mon expose Je donncrai ensuite un apercu des activites en cours au Cnes et je tenninerai en parlant du futur quelles sont les technologies emergentes et quels projets peuvent en decouler ?

Prospective Study on the Effectiveness of Complementary Food Supplements on Improving Status of Elder Infants and Young Children in the Areas Affected by Wenchuan Earthquake

PubMed Central

Dong, Caixia; Ge, Pengfei; Ren, Xiaolan; Wang, Jie; Fan, Haoqiang; Yan, Xiang; Yin, Shi-an

2013-01-01

Objective To prospectively evaluate the efficiency of daily providing complementary food supplements decreasing malnutrition and anemia prevalence in elder infants and young children living in areas affected by Wenchuan Earthquake. Design Using promotional probability sampling method, 250 to 300 children from six-randomized townships (30 to 50 children in each township) in Kang County affected by the Earthquake were randomly chosen for follow up to evaluate intervention effectiveness using anthropometric measurement and hemoglobin level at six, twelve and eighteen months after start of intervention. Setting and Subjects All children from 6 to 18 months of age in Kang County (in North Western China) were daily provided with complementary food supplements containing multiple vitamins and minerals for up to 24 months of age. The intervention period lasted for one and half year. Results At beginning of intervention, malnutrition prevalence, including underweight, stunting and wasting were respectively 4.5%, 8.9% and 3.5%; anemia prevalence was 74.3%. After one and half year intervention, the growth and anemia status were significantly improved; the percentages of wasting, stunting underweight prevalence were decreased from 3.5%, 8.9% and 4.5% to 1.7%, 5.0% and 3.3% respectively, and the anemia rates were significantly decreased. Conclusions Our results indicated that an intervention using complementary food supplements could improve nutritional status and elevate hemoglobin level in elder infants and young children, which would significantly decrease the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia. PMID:24039797

Synthesis of Si Nanowires for an Anode Material of Li Batteries

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-04

Zhou, H. Li, H.P. Sun , D.P. Yu, Y.Q. Wang, X.J. Huang, L.Q. Chen, Z. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (16) (1999) 2447 6. A.M. Wilson, B.M. Way, J.R. Dahn...Y. Liu, Electrochem. Commun. 5 (2003) 165 12. Tatsuo Umeno, Kenji Fukuda, Hongyu Wang, Nikolay Dimov, Takashi Iwao, Masaki Yoshio, Chem. Lett...Hansu Kim, Junghee Choi, Hun-Joon Sohn and Tak Kang, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (12) (1999) 4401 18. G.X. Wang, L. Sun , D.H. Bradhurst, S. Zhong, S.X. Dou

Molecular Dissection of the Human Antibody Response to the Structural Repeat Epitope of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite from a Protected Donor

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-07-29

8217HuVk 5’-TATTAGCGGCCGCCCAACCAGCCATGGCCGAEFI- JLOPETGACBCAGTCTCC-3’ (where B=G+C+T, S=G+C, E = 50%A+33%C+17%T, F = 83%A = 17%G, I = 83%T+17%C, J = 50%T+33...Winter G, Griffiths AD, Hawkins RE, Hoogenboom HR: Making antibodies by phage display technology. Annu Rev Immunol 1994, 12:433-455. 14. Kang A...Plasmo- dium vivax. J Exp Med 1982, 156:20-30. 18. Zavala F , Tam JP, Hollingdale MR, Cochrane AH, Quakyi I, Nussenz- weig RS, Nussenzweig V: Rationale

The Association Between Suicide and OIF/OEF Deployment History. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

80.6) Female 36,467 (11.5) 186,922 (19.4) Race White 248,375 (78.2) 725,117 (75.2) Nonwhite 69,206 (21.8) 239,376 (24.8) Marital status* Married 163,053...51.3) 469,036 (48.6) Not married 154,528 (48.7) 495,457 (51.4) Year of discharge 2001 5202 (1.6) 119,373 (12.4) 2002 7777 (2.5) 123,728 (12.8) 2003...2007. Not Married category includes single, divorced, and separated individuals. y Last recorded through end of 2007. H.K. Kang et al. / Annals of

Stochastic Availability of a Repairable System with an Age - and Maintenance - Dependent Failure Rate,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

STOCKATZC LV AaMIQ.YN 0gp M@lIm iii s m -r ANAs WgLMSZIb 940=04 WoeU-O PolytechnicInstitute June 1982 Stochastic Availability of a Repairable System ...STOCHASTIC AVAILABILITY OF A REPAIRABLE SYSTEM WITH AN AGE AND MAINTENANCE DEPENDENT FAILURE RATE by JACK-KANG CHAN June 1982 Report No..Poly EE/CS 82-004...1.1 Concepts of System Availability 1 1.2 Maintenance and Failure Rate 7 1.3 Summary Chapter 2 SYSTEM4 MODEL 2.1 A Repairable System with Lintenance

Plasmon Lasers: Coherent Light Source at Molecular Scales

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Y . S . Oei, R . Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M.K. Smit, Opt. Express 17, 11107–11112 (2009). [8] M.A. Noginov...Kang, C. Seassal, S .-K. Kim, P. Regreny, Y .-H. Lee, C.M. Lieber, and H.-G. Park Nano, Lett. 10, 3679–3683 (2010). [11] R.M.Ma, R . F. Oulton, V. J... R . T. Hill, J. J. Mock, Y . Urzhumov, D. S . Sebba, S . J. Olden- burg, S .- Y . Chen, A. Lazarides, A. Chilkoti, and D. R . Smith, Nano Lett. 10,

Translations on North Korea. Number 616.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-09-20

Chin-u, Kye Ung -tae, Kim -hwan, Kim Man-kum, Ho Tam, Chong Chun-ki and Kong Chin-tae. Attending the soiree were Comrade Han Tok-su, chairman of the...Committee which was held on 10 June under the leadership of Kim Il-song; listed ninth, after Kim Tu- yong and before No T’ae-sok (NODONG SINMUN 12 Jun...Province KWP Committee which was held on 10 June under the leadership of Kim Il-song; listed seventh, after Kang Song-san and before Kim Tu- yong

In vitro reconstruction of human junctional and sulcular epithelium

PubMed Central

Dabija-Wolter, G; Bakken, V; Cimpan, M R; Johannessen, A C; Costea, D E

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and characterize standardized in vitro three-dimensional organotypic models of human junctional epithelium (JE) and sulcular epithelium (SE). METHODS Organotypic models were constructed by growing human normal gingival keratinocytes on top of collagen matrices populated with gingival fibroblasts (GF) or periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF). Tissues obtained were harvested at different time points and assessed for epithelial morphology, proliferation (Ki67), expression of JE-specific markers (ODAM and FDC-SP), cytokeratins (CK), transglutaminase, filaggrin, and basement membrane proteins (collagen IV and laminin1). RESULTS The epithelial component in 3- and 5-day organotypics showed limited differentiation and expressed Ki-67, ODAM, FDC-SP, CK 8, 13, 16, 19, and transglutaminase in a similar fashion to control JE samples. PLF supported better than GF expression of CK19 and suprabasal proliferation, although statistically significant only at day 5. Basement membrane proteins started to be deposited only from day 5. The rate of proliferating cells as well as the percentage of CK19-expressing cells decreased significantly in 7- and 9-day cultures. Day 7 organotypics presented higher number of epithelial cell layers, proliferating cells in suprabasal layers, and CK expression pattern similar to SE. CONCLUSION Both time in culture and fibroblast type had impact on epithelial phenotype. Five-day cultures with PLF are suggested as JE models, 7-day cultures with PLF or GF as SE models, while 9-day cultures with GF as gingival epithelium (GE) models. Such standard, reproducible models represent useful tools to study periodontal bacteria–host interactions in vitro. PMID:22947066

Wake meandering statistics of a model wind turbine: Insights gained by large eddy simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foti, Daniel; Yang, Xiaolei; Guala, Michele; Sotiropoulos, Fotis

2016-08-01

Wind tunnel measurements in the wake of an axial flow miniature wind turbine provide evidence of large-scale motions characteristic of wake meandering [Howard et al., Phys. Fluids 27, 075103 (2015), 10.1063/1.4923334]. A numerical investigation of the wake, using immersed boundary large eddy simulations able to account for all geometrical details of the model wind turbine, is presented here to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the wake and the mechanisms controlling near and far wake instabilities. Similar to the findings of Kang et al. [Kang et al., J. Fluid Mech. 744, 376 (2014), 10.1017/jfm.2014.82], an energetic coherent helical hub vortex is found to form behind the turbine nacelle, which expands radially outward downstream of the turbine and ultimately interacts with the turbine tip shear layer. Starting from the wake meandering filtering used by Howard et al., a three-dimensional spatiotemporal filtering process is developed to reconstruct a three-dimensional meandering profile in the wake of the turbine. The counterwinding hub vortex undergoes a spiral vortex breakdown and the rotational component of the hub vortex persists downstream, contributing to the rotational direction of the wake meandering. Statistical characteristics of the wake meandering profile, along with triple decomposition of the flow field separating the coherent and incoherent turbulent fluctuations, are used to delineate the near and far wake flow structures and their interactions. In the near wake, the nacelle leads to mostly incoherent turbulence, while in the far wake, turbulent coherent structures, especially the azimuthal velocity component, dominate the flow field.

Investigation on the inertial cavitation threshold and shell properties of commercialized ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles.

PubMed

Guo, Xiasheng; Li, Qian; Zhang, Zhe; Zhang, Dong; Tu, Juan

2013-08-01

The inertial cavitation (IC) activity of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) plays an important role in the development and improvement of ultrasound diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, various diagnostic and therapeutic applications have different requirements for IC characteristics. Here through IC dose quantifications based on passive cavitation detection, IC thresholds were measured for two commercialized UCAs, albumin-shelled KangRun(®) and lipid-shelled SonoVue(®) microbubbles, at varied UCA volume concentrations (viz., 0.125 and 0.25 vol. %) and acoustic pulse lengths (viz., 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cycles). Shell elastic and viscous coefficients of UCAs were estimated by fitting measured acoustic attenuation spectra with Sarkar's model. The influences of sonication condition (viz., acoustic pulse length) and UCA shell properties on IC threshold were discussed based on numerical simulations. Both experimental measurements and numerical simulations indicate that IC thresholds of UCAs decrease with increasing UCA volume concentration and acoustic pulse length. The shell interfacial tension and dilatational viscosity estimated for SonoVue (0.7 ± 0.11 N/m, 6.5 ± 1.01 × 10(-8) kg/s) are smaller than those of KangRun (1.05 ± 0.18 N/m, 1.66 ± 0.38 × 10(-7) kg/s); this might result in lower IC threshold for SonoVue. The current results will be helpful for selecting and utilizing commercialized UCAs for specific clinical applications, while minimizing undesired IC-induced bioeffects.

Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China.

PubMed

Ren, Xiaojie; Fu, Shihong; Dai, Peifang; Wang, Huanyu; Li, Yuanyuan; Li, Xiaolong; Lei, Wenwen; Gao, Xiaoyan; He, Ying; Lv, Zhi; Cheng, Jingxia; Wang, Guiqin; Liang, Guodong

2017-06-08

The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers' households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers' households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers' courtyards without pigsties was zero. The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was

Safety and immunogenicity of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine co-administered with measles vaccine in 9-month-old infants in Sri Lanka.

PubMed

Wijesinghe, Pushpa Ranjan; Abeysinghe, M R Nihal; Yoksan, Sutee; Yao, Yafu; Zhou, Benli; Zhang, Lei; Yaich, Mansour; Neuzil, Kathleen M; Victor, John C

2014-08-20

To facilitate introduction of live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LJEV) into the National Immunization Programme of Sri Lanka, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of co-administration of LJEV and measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Serum immune responses were evaluated post-vaccination on days 28, 180, and 365 using JE neutralization test and anti-measles IgG ELISA. 278 infants received one dose of LJEV and measles vaccine. Of these, 257 were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. On Day 0, 14 infants (5.5%) were seropositive for JE, but none were seropositive for measles. At Day 28, seropositivity rates were 90.7% (95% CI, 86.4-93.9%) for JE and 84.8% (95% CI, 79.8-89.0%) for measles. The geometric mean titer for JE neutralizing antibodies was 111 (95% CI, 90-135), and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) for anti-measles IgG was 375 mI U/mL (95% CI, 351-400 mI U/mL). Over the next year, JE neutralizing antibody responses declined only slightly, with seropositivity at 87.4% (95% CI, 82.6-91.2%) at Day 365. In contrast, measles antibody levels continued to increase over time. Seropositivity for anti-measles IgG reached 97.2% (95% CI, 94.4-98.9%) at Day 365, and the GMC rose to 1202 mI U/mL (95% CI, 1077-1341 mI U/mL). Co-administration of LJEV and measles vaccine was also safe. Most adverse reactions were mild, and no serious adverse events were related to study vaccinations. The safety and immunogenicity of LJEV co-administered with measles vaccine in Sri Lankan infants is similar to that seen in other populations, and our results support use of LJEV at 9 months of age. Live SA 14-14-2 vaccine is now prequalified by the WHO for use in infants in Asia, and other countries may wish to introduce LJEV to combat this devastating disease. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Regeneration of junctional epithelium and its innervation in adult rats: a study using immunocytochemistry for p75 nerve growth factor receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

PubMed

Redd, P E; Byers, M R

1994-05-01

Junctional epithelium (JE) is a rapidly proliferating tissue that connects the gum to the tooth, that provides a free surface for bidirectional movement of substances between the body and the oral cavity, and that participates in defense against bacterial infection. It is innervated by numerous sensory nerve fibers that are immunoreactive (IR) for neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and for low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75-NGFR). Basal epithelial cells of the JE and of adjacent sulcular epithelium also have intense p75-NGFR-IR. In the present study we removed a wedge of the free gingiva and JE from the anterior side of the maxillary first molar of adult rats, and then studied the return of nerve fibers during tissue regeneration from 1-63 days after gingivectomy. The nerve fibers entered the adjacent healing sulcular epithelium before innervating the new JE, in both cases prior to return of epithelial cell p75-NGFR-IR. The regenerating nerve fibers completely bypassed the zone of epithelial down-growth (long junctional epithelium, LJE) that was briefly present along the tooth from 1-3 weeks after injury. The LJE did not have p75-NGFR-IR and was gradually replaced by a modified thicker regenerated junctional epithelium (RJE). The RJE was attached along the injured root surface, had numerous nerves in basal layers, and it had begun to regain p75-NGFR-IR staining of basal epithelial cells by 22 d. Regenerating nerve fibers at 6-10 d had unusually weak CGRP-IR and greatly increased p75-NGFR-IR. Both nerve stains had returned to normal by 3-6 weeks. The intense p75-NGFR-IR of regenerating nerves was found on both axonal and Schwann cell membranes using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In both the normal and regenerating JE, nerve fibers were rare in the attachment layers next to the anterior side of the maxillary first molar, compared to well-innervated basal layers. The complete avoidance of LJE by regenerating nerve

Cost/efficacy clinical trial about the use of T-tube in cadaveric donor liver transplant: preliminary results.

PubMed

Amador, A; Charco, R; Marti, J; Alvarez, G; Ferrer, J; Mans, E; Fuster, J; Fondevila, C; Garcia-Valdecasas, J C

2005-03-01

Biliary reconstruction is the most common cause of morbidity associated with orthotopic liver transplantation. Our objective was to assess the complications and hospital resources related to the use of a T-tube. Among 95 liver transplants performed from October 2002 to November 2003, 84 patients were randomized to receive a T-tube or no T-tube. We analyzed all patients with a follow-up of at least of 3 months. Fifty-five transplants were analyzed with 8 months mean follow-up, including twenty eight with T-tube and twenty seven without a T-tube. No patient died during the follow-up. The overall rate of biliary complications was 45.4% (25/55) including 21/28 (75%) in the T-tube group and 4/27(14.8%) in the non-T-tube group (P < .0001). Complications related to T-tube extraction occurred in 48.2% (13/27), including 3 cholangitis and 10 leaks. The costs of hospital resources due to radiological studies were 5329 capital JE, Ukrainian for the T-tube group vs 5785 capital JE, Ukrainian for the non-T-tube group. The costs of hospital resources due to treatment were 28,280 capital JE, Ukrainian for the T-tube group vs 10,088 capital JE, Ukrainian for the non-T-tube group. Use of a T-tube during orthotopic liver transplantation does not seem justified. Biliary anastomosis stenting is followed by an increased incidence of complications, most of which are related to its use. Hospital stay, radiological studies, and cost of hospital resources are higher among the T-tube patients. Therefore its systematic use is not advisable.

Experimental evidence that RNA recombination occurs in the Japanese encephalitis virus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chuang, C.-K.; Chen, W.-J., E-mail: wjchen@mail.cgu.edu.t; Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan

2009-11-25

Due to the lack of a proofreading function and error-repairing ability of genomic RNA, accumulated mutations are known to be a force driving viral evolution in the genus Flavivirus, including the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. Based on sequencing data, RNA recombination was recently postulated to be another factor associated with genomic variations in these viruses. We herein provide experimental evidence to demonstrate the occurrence of RNA recombination in the JE virus using two local pure clones (T1P1-S1 and CJN-S1) respectively derived from the local strains, T1P1 and CJN. Based on results from a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay onmore » the C/preM junction comprising a fragment of 868 nucleotides (nt 10-877), the recombinant progeny virus was primarily formed in BHK-21 cells that had been co-infected with the two clones used in this study. Nine of 20 recombinant forms of the JE virus had a crossover in the nt 123-323 region. Sequencing data derived from these recombinants revealed that no nucleotide deletion or insertion occurred in this region favoring crossovers, indicating that precisely, not aberrantly, homologous recombination was involved. With site-directed mutagenesis, three stem-loop secondary structures were destabilized and re-stabilized in sequence, leading to changes in the frequency of recombination. This suggests that the conformation, not the free energy, of the secondary structure is important in modulating RNA recombination of the virus. It was concluded that because RNA recombination generates genetic diversity in the JE virus, this must be considered particularly in studies of viral evolution, epidemiology, and possible vaccine safety.« less

Comparison of PanBio Dengue Duo Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and MRL Dengue Fever Virus Immunoglobulin M Capture ELISA for Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infections in Southeast Asia

PubMed Central

Cuzzubbo, Andrea J.; Vaughn, David W.; Nisalak, Ananda; Solomon, Tom; Kalayanarooj, Siripen; Aaskov, John; Dung, Nguyen Minh; Devine, Peter L.

1999-01-01

The performances of the MRL dengue fever virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the PanBio Dengue Duo IgM capture and IgG capture ELISA were compared. Eighty sera from patients with dengue virus infections, 24 sera from patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE), and 78 sera from patients with nonflavivirus infections, such as malaria, typhoid, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus, were used. The MRL test showed superior sensitivity for dengue virus infections (94 versus 89%), while the PanBio test showed superior specificity for JE (79 versus 25%) and other infections (100 versus 91%). The PanBio ELISA showed better overall performance, as assessed by the sum of sensitivity and specificity (F value). When dengue virus and nonflavivirus infections were compared, F values of 189 and 185 were obtained for the PanBio and MRL tests, respectively, while when dengue virus infections and JE were compared, F values of 168 and 119 were obtained. The results obtained with individual sera in the PanBio and MRL IgM ELISAs showed good correlation, but this analysis revealed that the cutoff value of the MRL test was set well below that of the PanBio test. Comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the tests at different cutoff values (receiver-operator analysis) revealed that the MRL and PanBio IgM ELISAs performed similarly in distinguishing dengue virus from nonflavivirus infections, although the PanBio IgM ELISA showed significantly better distinction between dengue virus infections and JE. The implications of these findings for the laboratory diagnosis of dengue are discussed. PMID:10473522

Japanese encephalitis on Saipan: a survey of suspected mosquito vectors.

PubMed

Mitchell, C J; Savage, H M; Smith, G C; Flood, S P; Castro, L T; Roppul, M

1993-04-01

An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred on Saipan, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, in October 1990. Adult and larval mosquitoes were collected during September-October 1991 to retrospectively determine the probable mosquito vector(s). Virus was not isolated from 119 mosquito pools composed of 7,250 adult specimens as follows: Aedes vexans nocturnis (14%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (39%), Cx. sitiens group (11%), Culex (Culex) species (35%), and < 1% each of Ae. albopictus, Ae. oakleyi, Aedes saipanensis, Cx. annulirostris marianae, and Cx. fuscanus. Three additional species were collected only as larvae: Anopheles indefinitus, Ae. neopandani, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Among the vectors of JE incriminated in other areas, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant species in our collections and the principal species feeding on swine. This is the first published record of the occurrence of this species on Saipan. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is abundant and widely distributed on the southern half of Saipan where human JE cases occurred in 1990, and where swine seroconversions were detected. Although the identity of the mosquito vector(s) responsible for the 1990 outbreak cannot be established with certainty, our results suggest that Cx. tritaeniorhychus was probably involved.

Cryptanalysis of Controlled Mutual Quantum Entity Authentication Using Entanglement Swapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Gan; Wang, Yue

2017-01-01

By using GHZ-like states and entanglement swapping, Kang et al. [Chin. Phys. B 24 (2015) 090306] proposed a controlled mutual quantum entity authentication protocol. We find that the proposed protocol is not secure, that is, the center, Charlie can eavesdrop the secret keys shared between Alice and Bob without being detected. Supported by the 2014-year Program for Excellent Youth Talents in University of Anhui Province and the Talent Scientific Research Fundation of Tongling University under Grant No. 2015tlxyrc01 and the Program for Academic Leader Reserve Candidates in Tongling University under Grant No. 2014tlxyxs30

Venus Transit

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-05

It appeared that New Yorkers were not going to be able to see the transit of the planet Venus across the Sun, but just before the transit was over the sun broke through the clouds and Yvette Lee Kang was able to catch a glimpse of the transit on Tuesday, June 5, 2012 in New York. A transit of Venus occurs when the planet passes directly between the sun and earth. This alignment is rare, coming in pairs that are eight years apart but separated by over a century. The next Venus transit will be in December 2117. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Design of a bio-inspired controller for dynamic soaring in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle.

PubMed

Barate, Renaud; Doncieux, Stéphane; Meyer, Jean-Arcady

2006-09-01

This paper is inspired by the way birds such as albatrosses are able to exploit wind gradients at the surface of the ocean for staying aloft for very long periods while minimizing their energy expenditure. The corresponding behaviour has been partially reproduced here via a set of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy rules controlling a simulated glider. First, the rules were hand-designed. Then, they were optimized with an evolutionary algorithm that improved their efficiency at coping with challenging conditions. Finally, the robustness properties of the controller generated were assessed with a view to its applicability to a real platform.

Dissection of Rovibronic Structure by Polarization-Resolved Two-Color Resonant Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdock, Daniel; Burns, Lori A.; Vaccaro, Patrick H.

2009-08-01

A synergistic theoretical and experimental investigation of stimulated emission pumping (SEP) as implemented in the coherent framework of two-color resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) spectroscopy is presented, with special emphasis directed toward the identification of polarization geometries that can distinguish spectral features according to their attendant changes in rotational quantum numbers. A vector-recoupling formalism built upon a perturbative treatment of matter-field interactions and a state-multipole expansion of the density operator allowed the weak-field signal intensity to be cast in terms of a TC-RFWM response tensor, RQ(K)(ɛ4*ɛ3ɛ2*ɛ1;Jg,Je,Jh,Jf), which separates the transverse characteristics of the incident and generated electromagnetic waves (ɛ4*ɛ3ɛ2*ɛ1) from the angular momentum properties of the PUMP and DUMP resonances (Jg,Je,Jh,Jf). For an isolated SEP process induced in an isotropic medium, the criteria needed to discriminate against subsets of rovibronic structure were encoded in the roots of a single tensor element, R0(0)(ɛ4*ɛ3ɛ2*ɛ1;Jg,Je,Jh,Je). By assuming all optical fields to be polarized linearly and invoking the limit of high quantum numbers, specific angles of polarization for the detected signal field were found to suppress DUMP resonances selectively according to the nature of their rotational branch and the rotational branch of the meshing PUMP line. These predictions were corroborated by performing SEP measurements on the ground electronic potential energy surface of tropolone in two distinct regimes of vibrational excitation, with the near-ultraviolet Ã1B2-X˜1A1 (π* ← π) absorption system affording the requisite PUMP and DUMP transitions.

Dissection of rovibronic structure by polarization-resolved two-color resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy.

PubMed

Murdock, Daniel; Burns, Lori A; Vaccaro, Patrick H

2009-11-26

A synergistic theoretical and experimental investigation of stimulated emission pumping (SEP) as implemented in the coherent framework of two-color resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) spectroscopy is presented, with special emphasis directed toward the identification of polarization geometries that can distinguish spectral features according to their attendant changes in rotational quantum numbers. A vector-recoupling formalism built upon a perturbative treatment of matter-field interactions and a state-multipole expansion of the density operator allowed the weak-field signal intensity to be cast in terms of a TC-RFWM response tensor, RQ(K)(epsilon4*epsilon3epsilon2*epsilon1;Jg,Je,Jh,Jf), which separates the transverse characteristics of the incident and generated electromagnetic waves (epsilon4*epsilon3epsilon2*epsilon1) from the angular momentum properties of the PUMP and DUMP resonances (Jg,Je,Jh,Jf). For an isolated SEP process induced in an isotropic medium, the criteria needed to discriminate against subsets of rovibronic structure were encoded in the roots of a single tensor element, R0(0)(epsilon4*epsilon3epsilon2*epsilon1;Jg,Je,Jh,Je). By assuming all optical fields to be polarized linearly and invoking the limit of high quantum numbers, specific angles of polarization for the detected signal field were found to suppress DUMP resonances selectively according to the nature of their rotational branch and the rotational branch of the meshing PUMP line. These predictions were corroborated by performing SEP measurements on the ground electronic potential energy surface of tropolone in two distinct regimes of vibrational excitation, with the near-ultraviolet 1B2-1A1 (pi*<--pi) absorption system affording the requisite PUMP and DUMP transitions.

[Research on syndrome distribution features, etiologies, and pathogeneses of Japanese encephalitis].

PubMed

Tu, Jin-Wen; Dong, Meng-Jiu; Liu, Zhi-Yong; Zhu, Qing-Jing; Zhu, Chao-Min; Li, Li; Wan, Hu; Lan, Ying; Li, Yun; Chen, Jun

2014-03-01

To explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses. Recruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed. After clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)]. The four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Development of the Japanese version of the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire and its simplified versions, and evaluation of their reliability, validity, and reproducibility.

PubMed

Tokudome, Yuko; Okumura, Keiko; Kumagai, Yoshiko; Hirano, Hirohiko; Kim, Hunkyung; Morishita, Shiho; Watanabe, Yutaka

2017-11-01

Because few Japanese questionnaires assess the elderly's appetite, there is an urgent need to develop an appetite questionnaire with verified reliability, validity, and reproducibility. We translated and back-translated the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ), which has eight items, into Japanese (CNAQ-J), as well as the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ-J), which includes four CNAQ-J-derived items. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the CNAQ-J structure based on data of 649 Japanese elderly people in 2013, including individuals having a certain degree of cognitive impairment, and we developed the SNAQ for the Japanese elderly (SNAQ-JE) according to an exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses on the appetite questionnaires were conducted to probe fitting to the model. We computed Cronbach's α coefficients and criterion-referenced/-related validity figures examining associations of the three appetite battery scores with body mass index (BMI) values and with nutrition-related questionnaire values. Test-retest reproducibility of appetite tools was scrutinized over an approximately 2-week interval. An exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the CNAQ-J was constructed of one factor (appetite), yielding the SNAQ-JE, which includes four questions derived from the CNAQ-J. The three appetite instruments showed almost equivalent fitting to the model and reproducibility. The CNAQ-J and SNAQ-JE demonstrated satisfactory reliability and significant criterion-referenced/-related validity values, including BMIs, but the SNAQ-J included a low factor-loading item, exhibited less satisfactory reliability and had a non-significant relationship to BMI. The CNAQ-J and SNAQ-JE may be applied to assess the appetite of Japanese elderly, including persons with some cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scurvy

MedlinePlus

... by scurvy. Alternative Names Vitamin C deficiency; Deficiency - vitamin C; Scorbutus Images Scurvy, periungual hemorrhage Scurvy, corkscrew hair Scurvy corkscrew hairs References Hall JE, Dietary balances; ...

The influence of crustal radioactivity on mantle convection and lithospheric thickness on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiefer, Walter S.

2016-12-01

Orbital measurements of gravity and topography demonstrate that the crust of Mars varies in thickness by about 100 km across the surface. As a result, the heat flux due to crustal radioactivity varies laterally by nearly 15 mW m-2. In an important new paper, Plesa et al. (2016, doi:JE005126">10.1002/2016JE005126) have assessed how these variations in crustal thickness and heat flow affect the spatial pattern of convection in the Martian mantle. Their results have important implications for the interpretation of the Martian heat flux that will be measured by the upcoming InSight mission to Mars.

L'Aventure du LHC

ScienceCinema

None

2018-05-16

Cette présentation s’adressera principalement aux personnes qui ont construit le LHC. La construction du LHC fut longue et difficile. De nombreux problèmes sont apparus en cours de route. Tous ont été résolus grâce au dévouement et à l’engagement du personnel et des collaborateurs. Je reviendrai sur les coups durs et les réussites qui ont marqués ces 15 dernières années et je vous montrerai combien cette machine, le fruit de vos efforts, est extraordinaire.

Steel Sea-Going Ship Construction Standards (Kang-chih Hai-ch’uan Chien-tsao Kuei-fan).

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-03-06

decozh lessthn5, ehto-aerolnabeth deck may be 2.-,;e he deo)th. (2) Flushing T.o.sts s.o Ad binocrae -’tth fdlowin re: (1)Mei*htfro td te~in: sot o...dieter d z , 4bD -53 m, it shou!d not be exceeding 1.5 :mm; -,,ihen chain diameter d,: 57 :-.n, it should not exceed 2 . Th. welded chains and links and

Lithotripsy

MedlinePlus

... Laser lithotripsy; Percutaneous lithotripsy; Endoscopic lithotripsy; ESWL; Renal calculi-lithotripsy ... Lingeman JE. Surgical management of upper urinary tract calculi. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters ...

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using a Mobile Application Synchronizable With Wearable Devices for Insomnia Treatment: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Kang, Seung-Gul; Kang, Jae Myeong; Cho, Seong-Jin; Ko, Kwang-Pil; Lee, Yu Jin; Lee, Heon-Jeong; Kim, Leen; Winkelman, John W.

2017-01-01

Study Objectives: The use of telemedicine with a mobile application (MA) and a wearable device (WD) for the management of sleep disorders has recently received considerable attention. We designed an MA synchronizable with a WD for insomnia treatment. Our pilot study determined the efficacy of simplified group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) delivered using our MA and assessed participant adherence to and satisfaction with the device. Methods: The efficacy of the CBT-I using MA (CBT-I-MA) was assessed by comparing sleep variables (sleep efficiency [SE], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory [PSQI] scores) before and after a 4-week treatment protocol in 19 patients with insomnia disorder patients. SE was assessed using a sleep diary, actigraphy, and the PSQI. Results: The intervention significantly improved all three measures of SE (P < .05), and the response rate to treatment was high (94.7%). Total ISI and PSQI scores and sleep latency, as measured by the sleep diary, improved significantly. Participants showed relatively good adherence to our MA, and sleep diary entries were made on 24.3 ± 3.8 of 28 days. Moreover, 94.7% of the participants reported that our MA was effective for treating insomnia. Conclusions: Our pilot study suggested the clinical usefulness of a CBT-I-MA. We expect that our findings will lead to further development and replication studies of CBT-I-MA. Citation: Kang SG, Kang JM, Cho SJ, Ko KP, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Kim L, Winkelman JW. Cognitive behavioral therapy using a mobile application synchronizable with wearable devices for insomnia treatment: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(4):633–640. PMID:28162145

Retraction RETRACTION of "Association between polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer", by Han JC, Zhang YJ and Li XD - Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (4): 12888-12893 (2015).

PubMed

Han, J C; Zhang, Y J; Li, X D

2016-10-07

The retracted article is: Han JC, Zhang YJ and Li XD (2015). Association between polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Genet. Mol. Res. 14: 12888-12893. The GMR editorial staff was alerted about this article (received on May 3, 2015; accepted on August 18, 2015) published on October 21, 2015 (DOI: 10.4238/2015.October.21.9) that was found to be substantially similar to the publication of "Association of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with risk of non-small cell lung cancer" (received on January 25, 2015; accepted on March 23, 2015; e-published on April 1, 2015) by Kang et al., published in the International Journal of Clinical Experimental Pathology 8 (4): 4171-4176. The authors were aware of the Kang et al.'s paper, since they cite it several times in the manuscript published in GMR. Some of the language is similar between the two manuscripts, but what is the most concerning is that several of the tables in the papers are nearly identical. Tables 2 and 3 are exactly identical between the two articles, suggesting that the publication in GMR was plagiarized from the publication in the International Journal of Clinical Experimental Pathology. The Publisher and Editor decided to retract these articles in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). After a thorough investigation, we have strong reason to believe that the peer review process was failure and, after review and contacting the authors, the editors of Genetics and Molecular Research decided to retract the article. The authors and their institutions were advised of this serious breach of ethics.

Immunohistochemical localization of beta-amyloid precursor protein sequences in Alzheimer and normal brain tissue by light and electron microscopy.

PubMed

McGeer, P L; Akiyama, H; Kawamata, T; Yamada, T; Walker, D G; Ishii, T

1992-03-01

Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies directed against four segments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) was studied by light and electron microscopy in normal and Alzheimer (AD) brain tissue. The segments according to the Kang et al. sequence were: 18-38 (T97); 527-540 (R36); 597-620 (1-24 of beta-amyloid protein [BAP], R17); and 681-695 (R37) (Kang et al. [1987]: Nature 325:733-736). The antibodies recognized full length APP in Western blots of extracts of APP transfected cells. They stained cytoplasmic granules in some pyramidal neurons in normal appearing tissue from control and AD cases. In AD affected tissue, the antibodies to amino terminal sections of APP stained tangled neurons and neuropil threads, and intensely stained dystrophic neurites in senile plaques. By electron microscopy, this staining was localized to abnormal filaments. The antibody to the carboxy terminal segment failed to stain neurofibrillary tangles or neuropil threads; it did stain some neurites with globular swellings. It also stained globular and elongated deposits in senile plaque areas. The antibody against the BAP intensely stained extracellular material in senile plaques and diffuse deposits. By electron microscopy, the antibodies all stained intramicroglial deposits. Some of the extracellular and intracellular BAP-positive deposits were fibrillary. Communication between intramicroglial and extracellular fibrils was detected in plaque areas. These data suggest the following sequence of events. APP is normally concentrated in intraneuronal granules. In AD, it accumulates in damaged neuronal fibers. The amino terminal portion binds to abnormal neurofilaments. Major fragments of APP are phagocytosed and processed by microglia with the BAP portion being preserved. The preserved BAP is then extruded and accumulates in extracellular tissue.

Intracellular pH regulation by acid-base transporters in mammalian neurons

PubMed Central

Ruffin, Vernon A.; Salameh, Ahlam I.; Boron, Walter F.; Parker, Mark D.

2014-01-01

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in the brain is important in both physiological and physiopathological conditions because changes in pHi generally result in altered neuronal excitability. In this review, we will cover 4 major areas: (1) The effect of pHi on cellular processes in the brain, including channel activity and neuronal excitability. (2) pHi homeostasis and how it is determined by the balance between rates of acid loading (JL) and extrusion (JE). The balance between JE and JL determine steady-state pHi, as well as the ability of the cell to defend pHi in the face of extracellular acid-base disturbances (e.g., metabolic acidosis). (3) The properties and importance of members of the SLC4 and SLC9 families of acid-base transporters expressed in the brain that contribute to JL (namely the Cl-HCO3 exchanger AE3) and JE (the Na-H exchangers NHE1, NHE3, and NHE5 as well as the Na+- coupled HCO3− transporters NBCe1, NBCn1, NDCBE, and NBCn2). (4) The effect of acid-base disturbances on neuronal function and the roles of acid-base transporters in defending neuronal pHi under physiopathologic conditions. PMID:24592239

Enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis and Japanese encephalitis can be distinguished by topographic distribution of inflammation and specific intraneuronal detection of viral antigen and RNA.

PubMed

Wong, K T; Ng, K Y; Ong, K C; Ng, W F; Shankar, S K; Mahadevan, A; Radotra, B; Su, I J; Lau, G; Ling, A E; Chan, K P; Macorelles, P; Vallet, S; Cardosa, M J; Desai, A; Ravi, V; Nagata, N; Shimizu, H; Takasaki, T

2012-08-01

To investigate if two important epidemic viral encephalitis in children, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalomyelitis and Japanese encephalitis (JE) whose clinical and pathological features may be nonspecific and overlapping, could be distinguished. Tissue sections from the central nervous system of infected cases were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. All 13 cases of EV71 encephalomyelitis collected from Asia and France invariably showed stereotyped distribution of inflammation in the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, cerebellar dentate nucleus and, to a lesser extent, cerebral cortex and meninges. Anterior pons, corpus striatum, thalamus, temporal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex were always uninflamed. In contrast, the eight JE cases studied showed inflammation involving most neuronal areas of the central nervous system, including the areas that were uninflamed in EV71 encephalomyelitis. Lesions in both infections were nonspecific, consisting of perivascular and parenchymal infiltration by inflammatory cells, oedematous/necrolytic areas, microglial nodules and neuronophagia. Viral inclusions were absent. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays were useful to identify the causative virus, localizing viral antigens and RNA, respectively, almost exclusively to neurones. The stereotyped distribution of inflammatory lesions in EV71 encephalomyelitis appears to be very useful to help distinguish it from JE. © 2011 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology © 2011 British Neuropathological Society.

Vaccine Strategies for the Control and Prevention of Japanese Encephalitis in Mainland China, 1951–2011

PubMed Central

Li, Minghua; Fu, Shihong; Wang, Huanyu; Lu, Zhi; Cao, Yuxi; He, Ying; Zhu, Wuyang; Zhang, Tingting; Gould, Ernest A.; Liang, Guodong

2014-01-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is arguably one of the most serious viral encephalitis diseases worldwide. China has a long history of high prevalence of Japanese encephalitis, with thousands of cases reported annually and incidence rates often exceeding 15/100,000. In global terms, the scale of outbreaks and high incidence of these pandemics has almost been unique, placing a heavy burden on the Chinese health authorities. However, the introduction of vaccines, developed in China, combined with an intensive vaccination program initiated during the 1970s, as well as other public health interventions, has dramatically decreased the incidence from 20.92/100,000 in 1971, to 0.12/100,000 in 2011. Moreover, in less readily accessible areas of China, changes to agricultural practices designed to reduce chances of mosquito bites as well as mosquito population densities have also been proven effective in reducing local JE incidence. This unprecedented public health achievement has saved many lives and provided valuable experience that could be directly applicable to the control of vector-borne diseases around the world. Here, we review and discuss strategies for promotion and expansion of vaccination programs to reduce the incidence of JE even further, for the benefit of health authorities throughout Asia and, potentially, worldwide. PMID:25121596

Pulmonary infection of cystic fibrosis mice with Staphylococcus aureus requires expression of α-toxin.

PubMed

Keitsch, Simone; Riethmüller, Joachim; Soddemann, Matthias; Sehl, Carolin; Wilker, Barbara; Edwards, Michael J; Caldwell, Charles C; Fraunholz, Martin; Gulbins, Erich; Becker, Katrin Anne

2018-05-01

Pulmonary infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) occur very early in the disease. The molecular details that cause infection-susceptibility of CF patients to and mediate infection with S. aureus are poorly characterized. Therefore, we aimed to identify the role of α-toxin, a major S. aureus toxin, for pulmonary infection of CF mice. Infection with S. aureus JE2 resulted in severe pneumonia in CF mice, while wildtype mice were almost unaffected. Deficiency of α-toxin in JE2-Δhla reduced the pathogenicity of S. aureus in CF mice. However, CF mice were still more susceptible to the mutant S. aureus strain than wildtype mice. The S. aureus JE2 induced a marked increase of ceramide and a downregulation of sphingosine and acid ceramidase expression in bronchi of CF mice. Deletion of α-toxin reduced these changes after infection of CF mice. Similar changes were observed in wildtype mice, but at much lower levels. Our data indicate that expression of α-toxin is a major factor causing S. aureus infections in CF mice. Wildtype S. aureus induces a marked increase of ceramide and a reduction of sphingosine and acid ceramidase expression in bronchial epithelial cells of wildtype and CF mice, changes that determine infection susceptibility.

Newer Vaccines against Mosquito-borne Diseases.

PubMed

Aggarwal, Anju; Garg, Neha

2018-02-01

Mosquitos are responsible for a number of protozoal and viral diseases. Malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and chikungunya epidemics occur commonly all over the world, leading to marked mortality and morbidity in children. Zika, Yellow fever and West Nile fever are others requiring prevention. Environmental control and mosquito bite prevention are useful in decreasing the burden of disease but vaccination has been found to be most cost-effective and is the need of the hour. RTS,S/AS01 vaccine is the first malaria vaccine being licensed for use against P. falciparum malaria. Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) against dengue was licensed first in Mexico in 2015. A Vero-cell derived, inactivated and alum-adjuvanted JE vaccine based on the SA14-14-2 strain was approved in 2009 in North America, Australia and various European countries. It can be used from 2 mo of age. In India, immunization is carried out in endemic regions at 1 y of age. Another inactivated Vero-cell culture derived Kolar strain, 821564XY, JE vaccine is being used in India. Candidate vaccines against dengue, chikungunya and West Nile fever are been discussed. A continued research and development of new vaccines are required for controlling these mosquito-borne diseases.

Je Maintiendrai: The Royal Netherlands Army Within the Alliance

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

not only by virtue of its 5 successes during the revolution but by its involvement in several external conflicts. The Treaty of Westphalia, besides...both an internal as well as external threat. No small task, given that the combined length of coastlines in the territory exceeded the circumference...principal external threats to the Netherlands in the event of heightened East-West tensions: foreign military intimidation leading to international

Controlled photomosaic map of Europa Je 15 M CMN

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2002-01-01

This sheet is one in a series of maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter at a nominal scale of 1:15,000,000. This series is based on data from the Galileo Orbiter Solid-State Imaging (SSI) camera and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft.

Nuclear ventriculography

MedlinePlus

... ventriculography (RNV); Multiple gate acquisition scan (MUGA); Nuclear cardiology; Cardiomyopathy - nuclear ventriculography ... 56. Udelson JE, Dilsizian V, Bonow RO. Nuclear cardiology. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby ...

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - hospital

MedlinePlus

Arias CA, Murray BE. Enterococcus species, Streptococcus gallolyticus group, and Leuconostoc species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious ...

Belching

MedlinePlus

... by the unconscious swallowing of air (aerophagia) Acid reflux disease (GERD) and heartburn ... 2016:chap 132. Richter JE, Friedenberg FK. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

MedlinePlus

RSV; Palivizumab; Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin; Bronchiolitis - RSV ... Crowe JE. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . 20th ...

Proton therapy

MedlinePlus

Levin WP, DeLaney TF. Charged particle radiotherapy. In: Gunderson LL, Tepper JE, eds. Gunderson and Tepper: Clinical Radiation Oncology . 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 19. National Association ...

Immunotherapy: questions to ask your doctor

MedlinePlus

... Schroeder H, Frew AJ, Weyand CM, eds. Clinical Immunology . 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:chap 77. Pardoll D. Cancer immunology. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan ...

Publications - NL 2006-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Liberty Bell, western Bonnifield mining district geophysical tract Authors: DGGS Staff, and Athey, J.E inventory Liberty Bell, western Bonnifield mining district geophysical tract: Alaska Division of Geological

Lyme disease - what to ask your doctor

MedlinePlus

What to ask your doctor about Lyme disease; Lyme borreliosis - questions; Bannwarth syndrome - questions ... Accessed October 27, 2016. Steere AC. Lyme disease (Lyme Borreliosis) due to Borrelia burgdorferi. In: Bennett JE, Dolin ...

RSV antibody test

MedlinePlus

Respiratory syncytial virus antibody test; RSV serology; Bronchiolitis - RSV test ... Crowe JE. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . 20th ...

The genes Scgb1a1, Lpo and Gbp2 characteristically expressed in peri-implant epithelium of rats.

PubMed

Mori, Gentaro; Sasaki, Hodaka; Makabe, Yasushi; Yoshinari, Masao; Yajima, Yasutomo

2016-12-01

The peri-implant epithelium (PIE) plays an important role in the prevention against initial stage of inflammation. To minimize the risk of peri-implantitis, it is necessary to understand the biological characteristics of the PIE. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic gene expression profile of PIE as compared to junctional epithelium (JE) using laser microdissection and microarray analysis. Left upper first molars of 4-week-old rat were extracted, and titanium alloy implants were placed. Four weeks after surgery, samples were harvested by laser microdissection, and total RNA samples were isolated. Comprehensive analyses of genes expressed in the JE and PIE were performed using microarray analysis. Confirmation of the differential expression of selected genes was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The microarray analysis showed that 712 genes were more than twofold change upregulated in the PIE compared with the JE. Genes Scgb1a1 were significantly upregulated more than 19.1-fold, Lpo more than 19.0-fold, and Gbp2 more than 8.9-fold, in the PIE (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical localization of SCGB1A1, LPO, and GBP2 was observed in PIE. The present results suggested that genes Scgb1a1, Lpo, and Gbp2 are characteristically expressed in the PIE. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Biomarkers in Japanese Encephalitis: A Review

PubMed Central

Kant Upadhyay, Ravi

2013-01-01

JE is a flavivirus generated dreadful CNS disease which causes high mortality in various pediatric groups. JE disease is currently diagnosed by measuring the level of viral antigens and virus neutralization IgM antibodies in blood serum and CSF by ELISA. However, it is not possible to measure various disease-identifying molecules, structural and molecular changes occurred in tissues, and cells by using such routine methods. However, few important biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, neuro-imaging, brain mapping, immunotyping, expression of nonstructural viral proteins, systematic mRNA profiling, DNA and protein microarrays, active caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, levels of stress-associated signaling molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines could be used to confirm the disease at an earlier stage. These biomarkers may also help to diagnose mutant based environment specific alterations in JEV genotypes causing high pathogenesis and have immense future applications in diagnostics. There is an utmost need for the development of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable physiological, immunological, biochemical, biophysical, molecular, and therapeutic biomarkers to confirm the disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Hence, the present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of JE disease and its related disorders in the future. PMID:24455705

Site-directed mutagenesis of lysine 193 in Escherichia coli isocitrate lyase by use of unique restriction enzyme site elimination.

PubMed Central

Diehl, P; McFadden, B A

1993-01-01

By a newly developed double-stranded mutagenesis technique, histidine (H), glutamate (E), arginine (R) and leucine (L) have been substituted for the lysyl 193 residue (K-193) in isocitrate lyase from Escherichia coli. The substitutions for this residue, which is present in a highly conserved, cationic region, significantly affect both the Km for Ds-isocitrate and the apparent kcat of isocitrate lyase. Specifically, the conservative substitutions, K-193-->H (K193H) and K193R, reduce catalytic activity by ca. 50- and 14-fold, respectively, and the nonconservative changes, K193E and K193L, result in assembled tetrameric protein that is completely inactive. The K193H and K193R mutations also increase the Km of the enzyme by five- and twofold, respectively. These results indicate that the cationic and/or acid-base character of K193 is essential for isocitrate lyase activity. In addition to the noted effects on enzyme activity, the effects of the mutations on growth of JE10, an E. coli strain which does not express isocitrate lyase, were observed. Active isocitrate lyase is necessary for E. coli to grow on acetate as the sole carbon source. It was found that a mutation affecting the activity of isocitrate lyase similarly affects the growth of E. coli JE10 on acetate when the mutated plasmid is expressed in this organism. Specifically, the lag time before growth increases over sevenfold and almost twofold for E. coli JE10 expressing the K193H and K193R isocitrate lyase variants, respectively. In addition, the rate of growth decreases by almost 40-fold for E. coli JE10 cells expressing form K193H and ca. 2-fold for those expressing the K193R variants. Thus, the onset and rate of E. coli growth on acetate appears to depend on isocitrate lyase activity. Images PMID:8385665

Evolution of a recombinant (gucoamylase-producing) strain of Fusarium venenatum A3/5 in chemostat culture.

PubMed

Wiebe, M G; Robson, G D; Shuster, J; Trinci, A P

2001-04-20

Fusarium venenatum JeRS 325 is a transformant of strain A3/5 which produces Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (GAM) under the control of a Fusarium oxysporum trypsin-like protease promoter. The evolution of JeRS 325 was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures grown on NaNO3 or (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source. Thirteen mutants which were more highly branched and four mutants which were more sparsely branched than the parental strain were isolated from the NaNO3 chemostat. The highly branched mutants detected in this chemostat did not displace the sparsely branched population. The mutants isolated from the NaNO3 chemostat complemented representative strains previously isolated from glucose-limited chemostat cultures of F. venenatum A3/5 grown on (NH4)2SO4, but showed little complementation between themselves. By contrast, a highly branched mutant isolated from the (NH4)2SO4 chemostat culture displaced the sparsely branched mycelial population. None of the mutants isolated from the NaNO3 or (NH4)2SO4 chemostats produced as much GAM as JeRS 325. Southern blot analysis showed that all except one mutant had lost copies of both the glucoamylase and the acetamidase (the selectable marker) genes. However, specific GAM production was not necessarily correlated with the extent of glaA gene loss observed. Further, 10 of the mutants had lost the ability to grow on acetamide as the sole nitrogen source, although they retained copies of the amdS gene. In competition studies, mutants which could not utilize acetamide displaced mutants which could. The presence of foreign DNA in JeRS 325 resulted in a reduced specific growth rate (compared to A3/5), but the presence of the foreign DNA did not prevent the evolution of the strain or the isolation of mutants which had improved growth rates. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY, 1958 THROUGH 1959

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnston, M.E.

1959-08-01

This bibliography of 281 reports and published literature references on biological applications of autoradiography is a supplement to the one published July 1958 as UCRL-8400. References previously omitted are included. (J.E. D.)

Acid-fast stain

MedlinePlus

... substance is infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis ( TB ) and other illnesses. How the Test is ... 91. Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...

Gastric culture

MedlinePlus

... child's stomach contents for the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). How the Test is Performed A flexible ... References Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...

Genetics Home Reference: autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy

MedlinePlus

... RE, Davidson AE, Urquhart JE, Holder GE, Robson AG, Moore AT, Keefe RO, Black GC, Manson FD. ... qualified healthcare professional . About Selection Criteria for Links Data Files & API Site Map Subscribe Customer Support USA. ...

Universal main magnetic focus ion source for production of highly charged ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ovsyannikov, V. P.; Nefiodov, A. V.; Levin, A. A.

2017-10-01

A novel room-temperature compact ion source has been developed for the efficient production of atomic ions by means of an electron beam with energy Ee and current density je controllable within wide ranges (100 eV ≲Ee ≲ 60 keV, 10 A/cm2 ≲je ≲ 20 kA/cm2). In the first experiments, the X-ray emission of Ir64+ ions has been measured. Based on a combination of two different techniques, the device can operate both as conventional Electron Beam Ion Source/Trap and novel Main Magnetic Focus Ion Source. The tunable electron-optical system allows for realizing laminar and turbulent electron flows in a single experimental setup. The device is intended primarily for fundamental and applied research at standard university laboratories.

Effect of activated sludge acclimation aeration time on bayberry wastewater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Liang; He, Lingfeng; Zhang, Yongli

2018-03-01

Taking the myrica rubra pickle wastewater of Chaozhou Kang Hui group as the water sample, biochemical method was used to treat the wastewater, after domestication, the biochemical treatment was carried out. The influence of time on COD index was investigated. The results showed that: tap water: sewage: sludge = 1:1:1, 900 mL each. Under the action of 30 min time, the supernatant was taken at 100 mL, and the wastewater was added to 900 mL,. Under the action of activated sludge, the degradation of myrica rubra wastewater samples, after domestication 84 h, the effect is better. Under this condition, the standard of SBR process for wastewater treatment is reached.

Targeted therapy: questions to ask your doctor

MedlinePlus

... References Garraway LA, Verweij J, Ballman KV. Precision oncology: an overview. J Clin Oncol . 2013;31(15): ... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ...

Pancreatic islet cell tumor

MedlinePlus

... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ... Cancer Network website. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN guidelines): pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Version 3.2017. www. ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma

MedlinePlus

... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ... Cancer Network website. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hepatobiliary cancers. Version 3.2017. www.nccn.org/ ...

Pancreatic cancer

MedlinePlus

... JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ... Cancer Network website. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Version 1.2018. www.nccn.org/ ...

Taeniasis

MedlinePlus

... Taenia solium; Taeniasis Images Digestive system organs References King CH, Fairley JK. Tapeworms (cestodes). In: Bennett JE, ... commercial use must be authorized in writing by ADAM Health Solutions. About MedlinePlus Site Map FAQs Customer ...

Peristalsis

MedlinePlus

... JE, ed. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 63. ... Saunders; 2016:chap 43. Weiss RM, Martin DT. Physiology and pharmacology of the renal pelvis and ureter. ...

TSI test

MedlinePlus

... JE, ed. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 77. ... TF, Schlumberger MJ, Hay ID, Larsen PR. Thyroid physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders. ...

Salads and nutrients

MedlinePlus

... calories and fat. Try to use a darker lettuce. Light green Iceberg has fiber but not as ... JE, ed. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 72. ...

Lepromin skin test

MedlinePlus

... infection if left untreated. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria. This test is a research tool that ... Renault CA, Ernst JD. Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy). In: Bennett JE, ... Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Updated ...

Colorado tick fever

MedlinePlus

... cord ( meningitis ) Irritation and swelling of the brain ( encephalitis ) Repeated bleeding episodes for no apparent cause Call ... Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Encephalitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, ... Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, Updated Edition . ...

Congenital rubella

MedlinePlus

... mother is infected with the virus that causes German measles. Congenital means the condition is present at ... Gershon AA. Rubella virus (German measles). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, ... Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Updated ...

Stool Gram stain

MedlinePlus

... RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods . 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 64. Eliopoulos GM, Moellering RC. Principles of anti-infective therapy. In: Bennett JE, Dolin ...

Vaginal dryness alternative treatments

MedlinePlus

... JE, Murray MT, eds. Textbook of Natural Medicine . 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2013: ... Vaginal dryness. In: Rakel D, ed. Integrative Medicine . 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 59.

Genetics Home Reference: von Willebrand disease

MedlinePlus

... PubMed Nichols WL, Hultin MB, James AH, Manco-Johnson MJ, Montgomery RR, Ortel TL, Rick ME, Sadler ... JE, Yawn BP, James AH, Hultin MB, Manco-Johnson MJ, Weinstein M. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of ...

Immunotherapy for cancer

MedlinePlus

... 2017. Accessed February 15, 2018. Pardoll D. Cancer immunology. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan ... D.A.M. Editorial team. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics Cancer Immunotherapy Browse the Encyclopedia A.D.A. ...

Genetics Home Reference: familial exudative vitreoretinopathy

MedlinePlus

... the eye . The disorder prevents blood vessels from forming at the edges of the retina, which reduces ... Burdon KP, Craig JE, Tengtrisorn S, Carden SM, Maclean H, Mackey DA. Mutations in the NDP gene: contribution ...

Crutches and children - sitting and getting up from a chair

MedlinePlus

... Othopaedic Surgeons. How to use crutches, cans, and walkers. OrthoInfo. orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00181 . ... January 6, 2017. Edelstein JE. Canes, crutches, and walkers. In: Hsu JD, Michael JW, Fisk JR, eds. ...

Septic shock

MedlinePlus

... shock; Warm shock References Munford RS, Suffredini AF. Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, ... D.A.M. Editorial team. Gangrene Read more Sepsis Read more Shock Read more A.D.A. ...

Otitis media with effusion

MedlinePlus

OME; Secretory otitis media; Serous otitis media; Silent otitis media; Silent ear infection; Glue ear ... Kerschner JE, Preciado D. Otitis media. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. ... of Pediatrics . 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: ...

Brain abscess

MedlinePlus

Tunkel AR. Brain abscess. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice ... Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 92. Tunkel AR, Winn HR, Scheld WM. Brain abscess. In: Winn ...

Breast infection

MedlinePlus

Breast infections are usually caused by common bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ) found on normal skin. The bacteria enter through ... 2017:chap 8. Que Y-A, Moreillon P. Staphylococcus aureus (including staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome). In: Bennett JE, ...

Vital signs

MedlinePlus

... assessment. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination . 8th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015:chap 4. Simel DL. Approach to the patient: history and ...

Shingles - aftercare

MedlinePlus

Herpes zoster - treatment ... Mays RM, Petersen ET, Gordon RA, Tyring SK. Herpes zoster. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones ... Saunders; 2014:chap 101. Whitley RJ. Chickenpox and herpes zoster (varicella-zoster virus). In: Bennett JE, Dolin ...

Genetics Home Reference: adult polyglucosan body disease

MedlinePlus

... This Page Klein CJ, Boes CJ, Chapin JE, Lynch CD, Campeau NG, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJ. Adult polyglucosan body disease: case description of an expanding genetic and clinical syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2004 Feb;29(2):323-8. ...

Energy conversion and dissipation at dipolarization fronts: Theory, modeling and MMS observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sitnov, M. I.; Motoba, T.; Merkin, V. G.; Ohtani, S.; Cohen, I. J.; Mauk, B.; Vines, S. K.; Anderson, B. J.; Moore, T. E.; Torbert, R. B.; Giles, B. L.; Burch, J. L.

2017-12-01

Magnetic reconnection is one of the most important energy conversion mechanisms in space plasmas. In the classical picture it converts the energy of antiparallel magnetic fields into the kinetic and thermal energy of accelerated plasma particles in reconnection exhausts. It also involves energy dissipation near the X-line. This classical picture may be substantially modified in real space plasma configurations, such as the dayside magnetopause and the magnetotail. In particular, in the magnetotail the flows of accelerated particles may be strongly asymmetric along the tail with the domination of earthward flows. At the same time, strong energy conversion and even dissipation may occur away from the X-line, in particular, at dipolarization fronts. Here we present a theoretical picture of spontaneous magnetotail reconnection based on 3-D PIC simulations with the focus on plasma bulk flows, energy conversion and dissipation. This picture is compared with some observations from the MMS tail season. An important finding from these observations is that dipolarizations fronts may not only be regions of the total energy conversion with jE>0, but they may also be the sites of energy dissipation, both positive (jE'>0, E' is the electric field E in the system moving with one of the plasma species) and negative (jE'<0). Observations are further compared with theory and modeling that predict the specific location and sign of the energy dissipation at fronts depending on their evolution phase (e.g., formation, propagation, braking).

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Elicited "Jackhammer Esophagus": A New Complication Due to Vagal Nerve Stimulation?

PubMed

Tolone, Salvatore; Savarino, Edoardo; Docimo, Ludovico

2015-10-01

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a potentially curative method for treatment of highly symptomatic and drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this technique can provoke esophageal and nerve lesion, due to thermal injury. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of a newly described motor disorder, the Jackhammer esophagus (JE) after RFCA, independently of GERD. We report a case of JE diagnosed by high-resolution manometry (HRM), in whom esophageal symptoms developed 2 weeks after RFCA, in absence of objective evidence of GERD. A 65-year-old male with highly symptomatic, drug-refractory paroxysmal AF was candidate to complete electrical pulmonary vein isolation with RFCA. Prior the procedure, the patient underwent HRM and impedance-pH to rule out GERD or hiatal hernia presence. All HRM parameters, according to Chicago classification, were within normal limits. No significant gastroesophageal reflux was documented at impedance pH monitoring. Patient underwent RFCA with electrical disconnection of pulmonary vein. After two weeks, patient started to complain of dysphagia for solids, with acute chest-pain. The patient repeated HRM and impedance-pH monitoring 8 weeks after RFCA. HRM showed in all liquid swallows the typical spastic hypercontractile contractions consistent with the diagnosis of JE, whereas impedance-pH monitoring resulted again negative for GERD. Esophageal dysmotility can represent a possible complication of RFCA for AF, probably due to a vagal nerve injury, and dysphagia appearance after this procedure must be timely investigated by HRM.

Ikaros promotes rearrangement of TCR alpha genes in an Ikaros null thymoma cell line

PubMed Central

Collins, Bernard; Clambey, Eric T.; Scott-Browne, James; White, Janice; Marrack, Philippa; Hagman, James; Kappler, John W.

2014-01-01

Summary Ikaros is important in the development and maintenance of the lymphoid system, functioning in part by associating with chromatin-remodeling complexes. We have studied the functions of Ikaros in the transition from pre-T cell to the CD4+CD8+ thymocyte using an Ikaros null CD4−CD8− mouse thymoma cell line (JE131). We demonstrate that this cell line carries a single functional TCR β gene rearrangement and expresses a surface pre-TCR. JE131 cells also carry non-functional rearrangements on both alleles of their TCR α loci. Retroviral re-introduction of Ikaros dramatically increased the rate of transcription in the α locus and TCR Vα/Jα recombination resulting in the appearance of many new αβTCR+ cells. The process is RAG dependent, requires SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes and is coincident with the binding of Ikaros to the TCR α enhancer. Furthermore, knockdown of Mi2/NuRD complexes increased the frequency of TCR α rearrangement. Our data suggest that Ikaros controls Vα/Jα recombination in T cells by controlling access of the transcription and recombination machinery to the TCR α loci. The JE131 cell line should prove to be a very useful tool for studying the molecular details of this and other processes involved in the pre-T cell to αβTCR+ CD4+CD8+ thymocyte transition. PMID:23172374

Ikaros promotes rearrangement of TCR α genes in an Ikaros null thymoma cell line.

PubMed

Collins, Bernard; Clambey, Eric T; Scott-Browne, James; White, Janice; Marrack, Philippa; Hagman, James; Kappler, John W

2013-02-01

Ikaros is important in the development and maintenance of the lymphoid system, functioning in part by associating with chromatin-remodeling complexes. We have studied the functions of Ikaros in the transition from pre-T cell to the CD4(+) CD8(+) thymocyte using an Ikaros null CD4(-) CD8(-) mouse thymoma cell line (JE131). We demonstrate that this cell line carries a single functional TCR β gene rearrangement and expresses a surface pre-TCR. JE131 cells also carry nonfunctional rearrangements on both alleles of their TCR α loci. Retroviral reintroduction of Ikaros dramatically increased the rate of transcription in the α locus and TCR Vα/Jα recombination resulting in the appearance of many new αβTCR(+) cells. The process is RAG dependent, requires switch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin-remodeling complexes and is coincident with the binding of Ikaros to the TCR α enhancer. Furthermore, knockdown of Mi2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complexes increased the frequency of TCR α rearrangement. Our data suggest that Ikaros controls Vα/Jα recombination in T cells by controlling access of the transcription and recombination machinery to the TCR α loci. The JE131 cell line should prove to be a very useful tool for studying the molecular details of this and other processes involved in the pre-T cell to αβTCR(+) CD4(+) CD8(+) thymocyte transition. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Eustachian tube patency

MedlinePlus

... to become blocked. Images Ear anatomy Eustachian tube anatomy References Kerschner JE, Preciado D. Otitis media. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: ...

Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test

MedlinePlus

... chap 17. Murray PR. The clinician and the microbiology laboratory. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases . 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 16.

Publications - PDF 91-6 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

content DGGS PDF 91-6 Publication Details Title: Summary of Alaska's mineral industry for 1990 Authors ., Bundtzen, T.K., and Wood, J.E., 1991, Summary of Alaska's mineral industry for 1990: Alaska Division of

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF DI- AND TETRACHLOROETHANE AND DICHLOROPROPANE IN EMBRYO CULTURE

EPA Science Inventory

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF DI- AND TETRACHLOROETHANE AND DICHLOROPROPANE IN EMBRYO CULTURE. JE Andrews, H Nichols, and ES Hunter. Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, USEPA, RTP, NC.

Disinfection of drinking water with chlorine results in numerous chlorinated byprodu...

Vulva cancer

MedlinePlus

Jhingran A, Russell AH, Seiden MV, et al. Cancers of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow ... Updated January 31, 2018. Accessed March 9, 2018. Russell AH, Horowitz NS. Cancers of the vulva and ...

Alveolar abnormalities

MedlinePlus

Albertine KH. Anatomy of the lungs. In: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine . 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 1. Hall JE. Respiratory insufficiency - pathophysiology, diagnosis, ...

Networking as a Seismograph for Social Development. A Contribution to the Function Expansion of Networks Using the Example of Health Promotion of the Socially Disadvantaged (Netzwerkbildung als Seismograph gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen: Ein Beitrag zur Funktionserweiterung von Netzwerken am Beispiel der Gesundheitsfoerderung von sozial Benachteiligten)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

Miftelzu- wachs profitieren mochten. Je st5rker eine Landesvereinigung Modellprojekte akqui- rieren muss, urn die eigene Funktionsf5higkeit...Denn 5hnlich wie die Krankenkas- sen stehen andere Institutionen und Bereiche wie Sozialversicherungstrager, die Arzteschaft, Institutionen des Sports

Impact of transgenic sweet corn silks to two noctuid pests

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Eight Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic sweet corn hybrids were evaluated (with two controls) for their efficacy against two ear-feeding insects; the corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)], and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuid...

Genetics Home Reference: Adams-Oliver syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Baveja R, Silva ES, Dixon J, Leon EL, Solomon BD, Glusman G, Niederhuber JE, Roach JC, Patel MS. Mutations in NOTCH1 cause Adams-Oliver syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2014 Sep 4;95(3):275-84. doi: 10.1016/j. ...

When your cancer treatment stops working

MedlinePlus

... facing cancer. Palliative care can help improve your quality of life. You may receive this type of care at ... JL. Caring for patients at the end of life. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage ... . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap ...

The Impact of Mitochondrial Complex Inhibition on mESC Differentiation

EPA Science Inventory

The Impact of Mitochondrial Complex Inhibition on mESC Differentiation JE Royland, SH Warren, S Jeffay, MR Hoopes, HP Nichols, ES Hunter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC The importance of mitochondrial funct...

Hyperactivity and sugar

MedlinePlus

... Elsevier; 2016:chap 2. Lyon M, Murray MT. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, eds. Textbook of ... Livingstone; 2013:chap 150. Sawni A, Kemper KJ. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Rakel D, ed. Integrative Medicine . 4th ed. ...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MCCLOSKEY LUMBER LIFE RUSTIC CEDAR PRESERVATIVE, 04/24/1969

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... " " . ' , t· .. , " s"" R't"l"OA-I' ,~;( f'" " .2l •••. _.... I J ::'1 ~ ,),1.'. :. r." .- , I --\\ih dc) ~~:~t'crt'(1 ~~~;J'/e PRESERVATIVE ", 1 ~: I • " I'.' • , t .:x.. ~ , • ...

Lyme disease

MedlinePlus

... Borrelia burgdorferi Tick, deer engorged on the skin Lyme disease - Borrelia burgdorferi organism Tick, deer - adult female Lyme disease ... Accessed January 11, 2018. Steere AC. Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) due to Borrelia burgdorferi . In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ...

Lyme disease antibody

MedlinePlus

... Lyme disease organism, Borrelia burgdorferi Deer ticks Ticks Lyme disease - Borrelia burgdorferi organism Tick imbedded in the skin Antibodies ... Saunders; 2013:745-747. Steere AC. Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) due to Borrelia burgdorferi . In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ...

Application of 15N-enrichment methodologies to estimate nitrogen fixation in Casuarina equisetifolia

Treesearch

John A. Parrotta; Dwight D. Baker; Maurice Fried

1994-01-01

The 15N-enrichment technique for estimating biological nitrogen fixation in Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. & G. Forst. was evaluated under field conditions in single-species and mixed-species plantings (with a nonfixing reference species, Eucalyptus X robusta J.E. Smith) between...

INHIBITION OF NEURAL CREST CELL MIGRATION BY THE WATER DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS DICHLORO-, DIBROMO-, AND BROMOCHLORO-ACETIC ACID.

EPA Science Inventory

INHIBITION OF NEURAL CREST CELL MIGRATION BY THE WATER DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS DICHLORO-, DIBROMO- AND BROMOCHLORO-ACETIC ACID. JE Andrews, H Nichols, J Schmid 1, and ES Hunter. Reproductive Toxicology Division, 1Research Support Division, NHEERL, USEPA, RTP, NC, USA.

...

SEAGRASS RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

EPA Science Inventory

Devereux, Richard. 2005. Seagrass Rhizosphere Microbial Communities. In: Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments. E. Kristense, J.E. Kostka and R.H. Haese, Editors. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. p199-216. (ERL,GB 1213).

Seagrasses ...

Behavior of high-performance concrete in structural applications.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-10-01

High Performance Concrete (HPC) with improved properties has been developed by obtaining the maximum density of the matrix. Mathematical models developed by J.E. Funk and D.R. Dinger, are used to determine the particle size distribution to achieve th...

Pituitary tumor

MedlinePlus

... during the person's lifetime. The pituitary is part of the endocrine system. The pituitary helps control the release of hormones ... Hollander AB, Alonso-Basanta M, et al. Cancer of the central nervous system. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan ...

Cryptanalysis on a scheme to share information via employing a discrete algorithm to quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amellal, H.; Meslouhi, A.; El Baz, M.; Hassouni, Y.; El Allati, A.

2017-03-01

Recently, Yang and Hwang [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53, 224 (2014)] demonstrated that the scheme to share information via employing discrete algorithm to quantum states presented by Kang and Fang [Commun. Theor. Phys. 55, 239 (2011)] suffers from a major vulnerability allowing an eavesdropper to perform a measurement and resend attack. By introducing an additional checking state framework, the authors have proposed an improved protocol to overcome this weakness. This work calls into question the invoked vulnerability in order to clarify a misinterpretation in the same protocol stages also introduce a possible leakage information strategy, known as a faked state attack, despite the proposed improvement, which means that the same security problem may persist. Finally, an upgrading technic was introduced in order to enhance the security transmission.

Sugeno-Fuzzy Expert System Modeling for Quality Prediction of Non-Contact Machining Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivaraos; Khalim, A. Z.; Salleh, M. S.; Sivakumar, D.; Kadirgama, K.

2018-03-01

Modeling can be categorised into four main domains: prediction, optimisation, estimation and calibration. In this paper, the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy logic method is examined as a prediction modelling method to investigate the taper quality of laser lathing, which seeks to replace traditional lathe machines with 3D laser lathing in order to achieve the desired cylindrical shape of stock materials. Three design parameters were selected: feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut. A total of twenty-four experiments were conducted with eight sequential runs and replicated three times. The results were found to be 99% of accuracy rate of the TSK fuzzy predictive model, which suggests that the model is a suitable and practical method for non-linear laser lathing process.

Extracting TSK-type Neuro-Fuzzy model using the Hunting search algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouzaida, Sana; Sakly, Anis; M'Sahli, Faouzi

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type Neuro-Fuzzy model tuned by a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Hunting Search (HuS). The HuS algorithm is derived based on a model of group hunting of animals such as lions, wolves, and dolphins when looking for a prey. In this study, the structure and parameters of the fuzzy model are encoded into a particle. Thus, the optimal structure and parameters are achieved simultaneously. The proposed method was demonstrated through modeling and control problems, and the results have been compared with other optimization techniques. The comparisons indicate that the proposed method represents a powerful search approach and an effective optimization technique as it can extract the accurate TSK fuzzy model with an appropriate number of rules.

Metallic Properties of the Si(111) - 5 × 2 - Au Surface from Infrared Plasmon Polaritons and Ab Initio Theory.

PubMed

Hötzel, Fabian; Seino, Kaori; Huck, Christian; Skibbe, Olaf; Bechstedt, Friedhelm; Pucci, Annemarie

2015-06-10

The metal-atom chains on the Si(111) - 5 × 2 - Au surface represent an exceedingly interesting system for the understanding of one-dimensional electrical interconnects. While other metal-atom chain structures on silicon suffer from metal-to-insulator transitions, Si(111) - 5 × 2 - Au stays metallic at least down to 20 K as we have proven by the anisotropic absorption from localized plasmon polaritons in the infrared. A quantitative analysis of the infrared plasmonic signal done here for the first time yields valuable band structure information in agreement with the theoretically derived data. The experimental and theoretical results are consistently explained in the framework of the atomic geometry, electronic structure, and IR spectra of the recent Kwon-Kang model.

Giant oscillations of the current in a dirty 2D electron system flowing perpendicular to a lateral barrier under magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadigrobov, A. M.

2017-08-01

The charge transport in a dirty 2-dimensional electron system biased in the presence of a lateral potential barrier under magnetic field is theoretically studied. The quantum tunnelling across the barrier provides the quantum interference of the edge states localized on its both sides that results in giant oscillations of the charge current flowing perpendicular to the lateral junction. Our theoretical analysis is in a good agreement with the experimental observations presented in Kang et al. [Lett. Nat. 403, 59 (2000)]. In particular, positions of the conductance maxima coincide with the Landau levels while the conductance itself is essentially suppressed even at the energies at which the resonant tunnelling occurs and hence these puzzling observations can be resolved without taking into account the electron-electron interaction.

Risk Factors for Mosquito House Entry in the Lao PDR

PubMed Central

Hiscox, Alexandra; Khammanithong, Phasouk; Kaul, Surinder; Sananikhom, Pany; Luthi, Ruedi; Brey, Paul T.; Lindsay, Steve W.

2013-01-01

Background Construction of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project and flooding of a 450 km2 area of mountain plateau in south-central Lao PDR resulted in the resettlement of 6,300 people to newly built homes. We examined whether new houses would have altered risk of house entry by mosquitoes compared with traditional homes built from poorer construction materials. Methodology/Principal Findings Surveys were carried out in the Nam Theun 2 resettlement area and a nearby traditional rice farming area in 2010. Mosquitoes were sampled in bedrooms using CDC light traps in 96 resettlement houses and 96 traditional houses and potential risk factors for mosquito house entry were recorded. Risk of mosquito house entry was more than twice as high in traditional bamboo houses compared with those newly constructed from wood (Putative Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vector incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.26, 95% CI 1.38–3.70, P = 0.001; Anopheline IRR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30–4.23, P = 0.005). Anophelines were more common in homes with cattle compared against those without (IRR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.29–4.17, P = 0.005).Wood smoke from cooking fires located under the house or indoors was found to be protective against house entry by both groups of mosquito, compared with cooking in a separate room beside the house (Putative JE vector IRR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.73, P = 0.002; Anopheline IRR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0.51, P<0.001). Conclusions/Significance Construction of modern wooden homes should help reduce human-mosquito contact in the Lao PDR. Reduced mosquito contact rates could lead to reduced transmission of diseases such as JE and malaria. Cattle ownership was associated with increased anopheline house entry, so zooprophylaxis for malaria control is not recommended in this area. Whilst wood smoke was protective against putative JE vector and anopheline house entry we do not recommend indoor cooking since smoke inhalation can enhance respiratory

THE GRK4 SUBFAMILY OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASES: ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, GENE ORGANIZATION, AND SEQUENCE CONSERVATION

EPA Science Inventory

The GRK4 subfamily of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Alternative splicing, gene organization, and sequence conservation.

Premont RT, Macrae AD, Aparicio SA, Kendall HE, Welch JE, Lefkowitz RJ.

Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke Univer...

Foliar resistance to fall armyworm in corn germplasm lines that confer resistance to root- and ear-feeding insects

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A holistic approach to developing new corn germplasm that confers multiple insect resistance in various plant tissues at different growth stages was examined. Eight corn germplasm lines were examined for their foliage resistance to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noc...

Efficacy of silk channel injections with insecticides for management of Lepidopteran pests of sweet corn

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The primary Lepidopteran pests of sweet corn in Georgia are the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Control of these pests typically requires multiple insecticide applications from first silking until harvest, with commercial growers fre...

Use of benzimidazole agar plates to assess fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on excised maize and sorghum leaves

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an economically significant pest of sorghum and maize. To screen sorghum and maize germplasm for resistance to fall armyworm feeding, field, greenhouse, or lab bioassays are often utilized individually or in combinatio...

Publications - RI 2006-2 v. 1.0.1 | Alaska Division of Geological &

Science.gov Websites

, R.J., Werdon, M.B., Freeman, L.K., Smith, R.L., and Szumigala, D.J. Publication Date: Nov 2006 Bibliographic Reference Athey, J.E., Newberry, R.J., Werdon, M.B., Freeman, L.K., Smith, R.L., and Szumigala

Ching Chuan Kang AB, Kung Kuan, Formosa. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F.

DTIC Science & Technology

1972-04-11

jt: PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE Iso - 1 4Qo (FROM HOURLY OBSERVATIONS) VISIBILITY (STATUTE MILES) CEIUNG ,FEET, [ 0 >_6 :>5 -4 _3 2 -2 I I >_I...73,1 76,7 79,2 8o?0, 81,4 81,7 82,1 8628 82,8 82,8 2,a 82.8 82.8 >- 1500 52@ 7i),3 7,6 79, 8 s7 83,s 83,9 64,2 84.6 8a5,3 8j,1 8583 85:3 8503 85,3 1 200...19,0 46,0 7Z 252 06.06 7v9 00 7.9 ).,Z 1 4,8 3.2 17,9 42,5 7,2 252 Ol-L1 70 11,5 7.5 o.3 .#0 7,.1 7,5 23,0 25.0 6,4 252 12-14 4- iso , 9o,1 ,3 0,3 4.0

GROWTH RESPONSE OF SYMBODINIUM SPP. TO COMBINED TEMPERATURE AND UV RADIATION

EPA Science Inventory

Rogers, J.E. and D. Marcovich. In press. Growth Response of a Coral Symbiont, Symbiodinium sp., to Combined Temperature and UV Radiation Exposure (Abstract). To be presented at the ASLO 2004 Summer Meeting: The Changing Landscapes of Oceans and Freshwater, 13-18 June 2004, Savann...

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Neisseri meningitides . In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Updated Edition . 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 213. Stewart PM, Newell-Price JDC. The adrenal cortex. In: Melmed S, Polonsky ...

Thyroid insufficiency in developing rat brain: A genomic analysis.

EPA Science Inventory

Thyroid Insufficiency in the Developing Rat Brain: A Genomic Analysis. JE Royland and ME Gilbert, Neurotox. Div., U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA. Endocrine disruption (ED) is an area of major concern in environmental neurotoxicity. Severe deficits in thyroid hormone (TH) levels have bee...

THYROID INSUFFICIENCY AND GENE EXPRESSION IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN: A DOSE RESPONSE STUDY.

EPA Science Inventory

Thyroid Insufficiency and Gene Expression in Developing Rat Brain: A Dose Response Study. JE Royland and ME Gilbert, Neurotox. Div., U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA. Endocrine disruption is an area of major concern in environmental neurotoxicity. Deficits in thyroid hormone (TH) levels h...

GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SP22 GENE AND A UNIQUE PATTERN OF EXPRESSION IN SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

EPA Science Inventory

GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SP22 GENE AND A UNIQUE PATTERN OF EXPRESSION IN SPERMATOGENIC CELLS.
JE Welch*, RR Barbee*, JD Suarez*, NL Roberts*, and GR Klinefelter. Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Our laboratory has rep...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, COMBAT SUPERBAIT BRAND GRANULAR ANT KILLER, 05/31/2002

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... iJ:' i. •• t I \\iJe:."'" t,~d '''''jJ 'll~" -, I 1'1';"- 'I' Ul vz.~, _ , _ i L, >'.1-_;;:_ .. _ .... - I R7360-1Z J "I I ~ f ,~ii -t~~ ~ II ~ \\)\\ , l r' t 'J' j ,J£. ''j'' ~ rll ...

An Investigation of Respondent Confidentiality Concerns in Army Surveys: Data from Ten Focus Groups

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

Swan, J.E. (1977). Anonymity and responses by salespeople to a mail questionnaire. Journal of Marketing Research , 14, 611-616. Hamel, L., & Reif...Jefferson, R.W. (1975). On the personalization- anonymity relationship in mail surveys--reply. Journal of Marketing Research , 1_3, 112-113. Jones

MATERNAL FOLATE DEFICIENCY AMPLIFIES THE CELLULAR AND TERATOLOGIC EFFECTS OF TOMUDEX

EPA Science Inventory

Lau, C., J.E. Andrews, B.E. Grey*, R.G. Hanson*, J.R. Thibodeaux* and J.M. Rogers. Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US EPA, ORD, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Maternal folate deficiency amplifies the cellular and teratologic effects of Tomudex.
Maternal fo...

Studies on fall armyworm migration and monitoring

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or fall armyworm is an important agricultural pest of a number of crops in thewestern hemisphere. Two morphologically identical host strains of fall armyworm exist, the rice-strain and corn-strain, with the latter inflicting substantial eco...

Comparative molecular analyses of invasive fall armyworm in Togo reveal strong similarities to populations from the eastern United States and the Greater Antilles

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) is a major and ubiquitous noctuid pest of agricultural in the Western Hemisphere. Infestations have recently been identified in several locations in Africa, indicating its establishment in the Eastern Hemisphere where it poses an immediate and si...

Changes in the use of young bulls

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Availability of genomic information since 2008 has increased accuracy of genetic evaluations for young bulls in Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), and Brown Swiss (BS). As a result, AI organizations have been aggressively promoting young bulls and producers have been using young bulls more extensively. Num...

Field screening of sweet sorghum inbred lines for pest resistance and biomass production

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the favorable biofuel feedstocks for ethanol production. Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is one of the most serious foliar-feeding insect pests in sorghum production in the southeastern US states. Sev...

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) migration pathways in the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or fall armyworm is an important agricultural pest of a number of crops in the western hemisphere. Two morphologically identical host strains of fall armyworm exist, the rice-strain and corn-strain, with the latter inflicting substantial ec...

Meningitis - gram-negative

MedlinePlus

... system and peripheral nervous system References Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine . 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap ... D, Scheld WM. Acute meningitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...

Meningitis - staphylococcal

MedlinePlus

... system and peripheral nervous system References Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine . 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap ... D, Scheld WM. Acute meningitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...

Epidemic classification of phytosanitary situations on cereal crops using mathematical modeling

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Most plant protection researchers and experts divide emerging phytosanitary situations into three classes: epidemic, moderate development of disease, and yield depression. The known principles and methods for estimating these situations (Van der Plank J.E., Kranz J. et al.) do not fully describe th...

A General Surface Representation Module Designed for Geodesy

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

one considers as a reasonable interpolation function, one of the often accepted compromises is the choice q = 2 (Schumnaker, 1976, Bybee and Bedross...Fast Fourier Transform: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Bybee , J.E. and G.M. Bedross (1978): The IPIN computer network control softward. In: Proceedings

Genomic analysis of lactation persistency in four breeds of dairy cattle

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objectives of this study were to determine gains in reliability from the addition of genomic information to genetic evaluations for best predictions of lactation persistency in US Ayrshire (AY), Brown Swiss (BS), Holstein (HO), and Jersey (JE) cattle, and to identify genomic regions with large e...

INHIBITION OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN THE HAMSTER BY ANTIBODIES RAISED AGAINST THE RAT SPERM PROTEIN SP22

EPA Science Inventory

INHIBITION OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN THE HAMSTER BY ANTIBODIES RAISED AGAINST THE RAT SPERM PROTEIN SP22. SC Jeffay*, SD Perreault, KL Bobseine*, JE Welch*, GR Klinefelter, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.
SP22, a rat sperm membrane protein that is highly-correlated w...

Posterior fossa tumor

MedlinePlus

... Most tumors of the posterior fossa are primary brain cancers. They start in the brain, rather than spreading from somewhere else in the ... nausea, vomiting, or vision changes. Alternative Names ... JF, Hollander AB, Alonso-Basanta M, et al. Cancer of the central nervous system. In: Niederhuber JE, ...

Genetics Home Reference: mucolipidosis III alpha/beta

MedlinePlus

... R, Kudo M, Martinelli M, Bosshard NU, Schaffner T, Kornfeld S, Steinmann B. A splicing mutation in the alpha/beta GlcNAc- ... N, Reutter G, Cantz M, Ullrich K, Braulke T. Missense mutations in ... A, Czartoryska B, Groener JE, Ługowska A. Clinical variability in mucolipidosis ...

Analysis of strain distribution, migratory potential, and invasion history of fall armyworm populations in northern Sub-Saharan Africa

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) is a noctuid moth pest endemic throughout the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a strong expectation of significant damage to African maize crop yield and a high likelihood of further dispersal, pu...

Stress Response as a Function of Task Relevance

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

be benchmarked for validity and reliability. The State-Trait Anxiety Index (or STAI; Spielberger and Sydeman, 1994) is a popular self-report...and human performance. In J.E. Driskell & E. Salas (Eds.), Stress and Human Performance Spielberger , C.D. and Sydeman, S.J. (1994). State-Trait

GENE ARRAY ANALYSIS OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE IN RATS EXPOSED TO EITHER VINCLOZOLIN OR PROCYMIDONE

EPA Science Inventory

GENE ARRAY ANALYSIS OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE IN RATS EXPOSED TO EITHER VINCLOZOLIN OR PROCYMIDONE. MB Rosen, VS Wilson, JE Schmid, and LE Gray Jr. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTP, NC.

Vinclozolin (Vi) and procymidone (Pr) are antiandrogenic fungicides. While changes in gene expr...

Evaluation of median barrier safety issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brifen TL-4 and Trinity CASS median cable barrier systems in preventing cross-median collisions on sections of I-64, I-71, and I-265 (Brifen system) and I-265 (Trinity system) in Je...

USE OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC (PBPK) MODEL FOR CHLOROFORM IN RATS TO DETERMINE AGE-RELATED TOXICITY

EPA Science Inventory

USE OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC (PBPK) MODEL FOR CHLOROFORM IN RATS TO DETERMINE AGE-RELATED TOXICITY.
CR Eklund, MV Evans, and JE Simmons. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Research Triangle Park, NC.

Chloroform (CHCl3) is a disinfec...

Estimation of parameters and basic reproduction ratio for Japanese encephalitis transmission in the Philippines using sequential Monte Carlo filter

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We developed a sequential Monte Carlo filter to estimate the states and the parameters in a stochastic model of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) spread in the Philippines. This method is particularly important for its adaptability to the availability of new incidence data. This method can also capture the...

Effect of eastern gamagrass on fall armyworm and corn earworm development

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) are two important corn pests in the southern U.S. states. Effect of the leaves from the corn relative, the Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) on fall armyworm and corn earworm development ...

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

MedlinePlus

... section through the middle Heart, front view Conduction system of the heart References Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific ... urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is ...

After chemotherapy - discharge

MedlinePlus

... References Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine . 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 179. Freifeld AG, Kaul DR. Infection in the patient with cancer. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan ...

Characterization and cytotoxicity of PAHs in PM2.5 emitted from residential solid fuel burning in the Guanzhong Plain, China.

PubMed

Sun, Jian; Shen, Zhenxing; Zeng, Yaling; Niu, Xinyi; Wang, Jinhui; Cao, Junji; Gong, Xuesong; Xu, Hongmei; Wang, Taobo; Liu, Hongxia; Yang, Liu

2018-05-28

The emission factors (EFs) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 were measured from commonly used stoves and fuels in the rural Guanzhong Plain, China. The toxicity of the PM 2.5 also was measured using in vitro cellular tests. EFs of PAHs varied from 0.18 mg kg -1 (maize straw charcoal burning in a clean stove) to 83.3 mg kg -1 (maize straw burning in Heated Kang). The two largest influencing factors on PAH EFs were air supply and volatile matter proportion in fuel. Improvements in these two factors could decrease not only EFs of PAHs but also the proportion of 3-ring to 5-ring PAHs. Exposure to PM 2.5 extracts caused a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability but an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). PM 2.5 emitted from maize burning in Heated Kang showed the highest cytotoxicity, and EFs of ROS and inflammatory factors were the highest as well. In comparison, maize straw charcoal burning in a clean stove showed the lowest cytotoxicity, which indicated a clean stove and fuel treatment were both efficient methods for reducing cytotoxicity of primary PM 2.5 . The production of these bioreactive factors were highly correlated with 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs. Specifically, pyrene, anthracene and benzo(a)anthracene had the highest correlations with ROS production (R = 0.85, 0.81 and 0.80, respectively). This study shows that all tested stoves emitted PM 2.5 that was cytotoxic to human cells; thus, there may be no safe levels of exposure to PM 2.5 emissions from cooking and heating stoves using solid fuels. The study may also provide a new approach for evaluating the cytotoxicity of primary emitted PM 2.5 from solid fuel burning as well as other PM 2.5 sources. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coupled transport, mixing and biogeochemical reactions in fractured media: experimental observations and modelling at the Ploemeur fractured rock observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Borgne, T.; Bochet, O.; Klepikova, M.; Kang, P. K.; Shakas, A.; Aquilina, L.; Dufresne, A.; Linde, N.; Dentz, M.; Bour, O.

2016-12-01

Transport processes in fractured media and associated reactions are governed by multiscale heterogeneity ranging from fracture wall roughness at small scale to broadly distributed fracture lengths at network scale. This strong disorder induces a variety of emerging phenomena, including flow channeling, anomalous transport and heat transfer, enhanced mixing and reactive hotspot development. These processes are generally difficult to isolate and monitor in the field because of the high degree of complexity and coupling between them. We report in situ experimental observations from the Ploemeur fractured rock observatory (http://hplus.ore.fr/en/ploemeur) that provide new insights on the dynamics of transport and reaction processes in fractured media. These include dipole and push pull tracer tests that allow understanding and modelling anomalous transport processes characterized by heavy-tailed residence time distributions (Kang et al. 2015), thermal push pull tests that show the existence of highly channeled flow with a strong control on fracture matrix exchanges (Klepikova et al. 2016) and time lapse hydrogeophysical monitoring of saline tracer tests that allow quantifying the distribution of transport length scales governing dispersion processes (Shakas et al. 2016). These transport processes are then shown to induce rapid oxygen delivery and mixing at depth leading to massive biofilm development (Bochet et al., in prep.). Hence, this presentation will attempt to link these observations made at different scales to quantify and model the coupling between flow channeling, non-Fickian transport, mixing and chemical reactions in fractured media. References: Bochet et al. Biofilm blooms driven by enhanced mixing in fractured rock, in prep. Klepikova et al. 2016, Heat as a tracer for understanding transport processes in fractured media: theory and field assessment from multi-scale thermal push-pull tracer tests, Water Resour. Res. 52Shakas et al. 2016, Hydrogeophysical

Effect of Yifukang oral liquid on gastric emptying and intestinal peristalsis in mice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jianhua; Li, Jun; Li, Xianyu; Hao, Shaojun; Guo, Junyi; Ma, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Zhengchen

2018-04-01

To observe the effect of Yifukang oral liquid on gastric emptying and intestinal peristalsis in mice. Methods: 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The suspension of Baohe Pill and the same volume of normal saline group were given once a day for 7 days. After the last administration for 30 minutes, 0.25 ml of 0.04% phenolic red solution was administered by stomach. After 20 minutes, the animals were killed, the stomach was removed, the gastric contents were cleaned, and the lotion 5ml was centrifuged. The absorbance of the supernatant was measured by TU-1901 ultraviolet spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 560nm. The residual rate of gastric phenolic red was calculated. Rate was used to evaluate gastric emptying velocity.60 mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 5, large, medium, small Yifukang oral liquid dosage group, pill suspension and the same volume normal saline. After 20 min after the last dose of carbon powder suspension, the mice were sacrificed, the abdominal cavity was cut open, the intestine of the ileocecum was cut off, the intestinal mesentery was separated, the total length of the small intestine (cm) was measured, and the distance (cm) in the small intestine was measured, and the end-of-carbon propulsion rate was calculated. Compared with the blank group, small dose of Yi Fu Kang group and Baohe Pill group could significantly promote the ability of gastric emptying in mice. Compared with the blank group, small dose group and rehabilitation benefits Baohewan group can significantly promote the gastric emptying ability of mice (P<0.01), high dose group had no obvious benefit rehabilitation ability to promote gastric emptying in mice. Yi Fu Kang oral liquid group could significantly increase the percentage of small intestine carbon powder(P<0.01), Large, medium-dose Yifukang oral liquid and Baofuwan group could significantly increase the percentage of small intestinal carbon in mice (P<0.05). Yi Fukang oral liquid has the effect

Synthesis of High-Speed Digital Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-08

1 (sub2 sub 16 2 (sub3 sub 16) 3 (sub4 sub 16) 4 (eub5 sub 16) 5 (sub6 sub 16) 6 ( sub7 sub 16) 7 (addi add 16) 8 (add2 add 16) 9 (add3 add 16) 10...seB uub5 J2 16 se5) 15 (se6 sub6 JI 16 soO) 18 (se7 sub7 J5 16 se7) 17 (aol addi Dl 16 aol) 18 (a921 add2 add7 18 a02) 19 (&922 add2 add5 16 a02) 20...de4l D4 add4 16 de4) 33 Wd942 D4 sub4 16 de4) 34 (de~i D5 sub7 16 de5) 35 (deS2 D5 add8 16 deS) 36 (jell Ji add7 16 jel) 37 (je12 JI D5 16 jel) 38 (je2

Proposal for Japanese encephalitis surveillance using captured invasive mongooses under an eradication project on Okinawa Island, Japan.

PubMed

Saito, Mika; Nakata, Katsushi; Nishijima, Taku; Yamashita, Katsuhiro; Saito, Anna; Ogura, Go

2009-06-01

A project to eradicate invasive small Asian mongooses (Herpestes javanicus) is underway to conserve the unique ecosystem of Okinawa Island, Japan. In the present study, we tried to elucidate whether the mongoose is a host of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and to evaluate the reliability of surveillance of Japanese encephalitis (JE) using this species. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the main vector mosquito of JEV, feeds on the mongoose. Eighty-five (35.4%) of 240 wild small Asian mongooses captured between 2001 and 2005 had neutralizing antibodies against more than one of four JEV strains. Prevalence rates of JEV antibodies tended to increase with body weight and length of the animals. One of three sentinel mongooses showed a temporal change in antibody titer. These results indicate that the small Asian mongooses on Okinawa Island are sensitive to JEV. From the antibody titers and the locations of capture, the JEV active area was clarified. We propose that surveillance of JE using mongooses captured under the eradication program is reliable.

Cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus).

PubMed

Nemeth, Nicole M; Bosco-Lauth, Angela M; Bowen, Richard A

2009-09-01

Similar to West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has a history of intercontinental spread, and birds are important for the maintenance and transmission of both of these closely related viruses. We examined viremic and serologic responses of blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), with and without immunity to WNV, following experimental inoculation with two strains of JEV. Japanese encephalitis (JE) viremia was detected in only one of 16 (6.3%) WNV-immune birds, while all 16 nonimmune birds had detectable JE viremia. Two weeks after JEV inoculation, all birds without pre-existing WNV immunity had clearly distinguishable anti-JEV antibodies, while in all birds with pre-existing WNV immunity, antibodies to WNV and JEV were either indistinguishable or the anti-WNV antibody titers were significantly higher. As WNV is endemic throughout much of North America, WNV immunity among birds may dampen transmission while complicating the serologic diagnosis of JEV, should this pathogen be introduced to North America.

Production of Japanese encephalitis virus-like particles in insect cells.

PubMed

Yamaji, Hideki; Konishi, Eiji

2013-01-01

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of one or several recombinant viral surface proteins that spontaneously assemble into particulate structures without the incorporation of virus DNA or RNA. The baculovirus-insect cell system has been used extensively for the production of recombinant virus proteins including VLPs. While the baculovirus-insect cell system directs the transient expression of recombinant proteins in a batch culture, stably transformed insect cells allow constitutive production. In our recent study, a secretory form of Japanese encephalitis (JE) VLPs was successfully produced by Trichoplusia ni BTI-TN-5B1-4 (High Five) cells engineered to coexpress the JE virus (JEV) premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins. A higher yield of E protein was attained with recombinant High Five cells than with the baculovirus-insect cell system. This study demonstrated that recombinant insect cells offer a promising approach to the high-level production of VLPs for use as vaccines and diagnostic antigens.

Free-energy landscape of glycerol permeation through aquaglyceroporin GlpF determined from steered molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Chen, L Y

2010-10-01

The free-energy landscape of glycerol permeation through the aquaglyceroporin GlpF has been estimated in the literature by the nonequilibrium method of steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations and by the equilibrium method of adaptive biasing force (ABF) simulations. However, the ABF results qualitatively disagree with the SMD results that were based on the Jarzynski equality (JE) relating the equilibrium free-energy difference to the nonequilibrium work of the irreversible pulling experiments. In this paper, I present a new SMD study of the glycerol permeation through GlpF to explore the free-energy profile of glycerol along the permeation channel. Instead of the JE in terms of thermodynamic work, I use the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) of Brownian dynamics (BD), in terms of mechanical work, for extracting the free-energy difference from the nonequilibrium work of irreversible pulling experiments. The results of this new SMD-BD-FDT study are in agreement with the experimental data and with the ABF results. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Post-marketing surveillance of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine safety in China.

PubMed

Wang, Yali; Dong, Duo; Cheng, Gang; Zuo, Shuyan; Liu, Dawei; Du, Xiaoxi

2014-10-07

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most severe form of viral encephalitis in Asia and no specific treatment is available. Vaccination provides an effective intervention to prevent JE. In this paper, surveillance data for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) related to SA-14-14-2 live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Chengdu Institute of Biological Products) was presented. This information has been routinely generated by the Chinese national surveillance system for the period 2009-2012. There were 6024 AEFI cases (estimated reported rate 96.55 per million doses). Most common symptoms of adverse events were fever, redness, induration and skin rash. There were 70 serious AEFI cases (1.12 per million doses), including 9 cases of meningoencephalitis and 4 cases of death. The post-marketing surveillance data add the evidence that the Chengdu institute live attenutated vaccine has a reasonable safety profile. The relationship between encephalitis and SA-14-14-2 vaccination should be further studied. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Broad Temperature Pinning Study of 15 mol.% Zr-Added (Gd, Y)-Ba-Cu-O MOCVD Coated Conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, AX; Khatri, N; Liu, YH

BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocolumns have long been shown to be very effective for raising the pinning force F-p of REBa2Cu3Ox (REBCO, where RE = rare earth) films at high temperatures and recently at low temperatures too. We have successfully incorporated a high density of BZO nanorods into metal organic chemical vapor deposited (MOCVD) REBCO coated conductors via Zr addition. We found that, compared to the 7.5% Zr-added coated conductor, dense BZO nanorod arrays in the 15% Zr-added conductor are effective over the whole temperature range from 77 K down to 4.2 K. We attribute the substantially enhanced J(c) at 30 Kmore » to the weak uncorrelated pinning as well as the strong correlated pinning. Meanwhile, by tripling the REBCO layer thickness to similar to 2.8 mu m, the engineering critical current density J(e) at 30 K exceeds J(e) of optimized Nb-Ti wires at 4.2 K.« less

The Jena Diversity Model: Towards a Richer Representation of the Terrestrial Biosphere for Earth System Modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavlick, R.; Reu, B.; Bohn, K.; Dyke, J.; Kleidon, A.

2010-12-01

The terrestrial biosphere is a complex, self-organizing system which is continually both adapting to and altering its global environment. It also exhibits a vast diversity of vegetation forms and functioning. However, the terrestrial biosphere components within current state-of-the-art Earth System Models abstract this diversity in to a handful of relatively static plant functional types. These coarse and static representations of functional diversity might contribute to overly pessimistic projections regarding terrestrial ecosystem responses to scenarios of global change (e.g. Amazonian and boreal forest diebacks). In the Jena Diversity (JeDi) model, we introduce a new approach to vegetation modelling with a richer representation of functional diversity, based not on plant functional types, but on unavoidable plant ecophysiological trade-offs, which we hypothesize should be more stable in time. The JeDi model tests a large number of plant growth strategies. Each growth strategy is simulated using a set of randomly generated parameter values, which characterize its functioning in terms of carbon allocation, ecophysiology, and phenology, which are then linked to the growing conditions at the land surface. The model is constructed in such a way that these parameters inherently lead to ecophysiological trade-offs, which determine whether a growth strategy is able to survive and reproduce under the prevalent climatic conditions. Kleidon and Mooney (2000) demonstrated that this approach is capable of reproducing the geographic distribution of species richness. More recently, we have shown the JeDi model can explain other biogeographical phenomena including the present-day global pattern of biomes (Reu et al., accepted), ecosystem evenness (Kleidon et al. 2009), and possible mechanisms for biome shifts and biodiversity changes under scenarios of global warming (Reu et al., submitted). We have also evaluated the simulated biogeochemical fluxes from JeDi against a variety

The use of sewage sludge and horticultural waste to develop artificial soil for plant cultivation in Singapore.

PubMed

Stabnikova, O; Goh, W-K; Ding, H-B; Tay, J-H; Wang, J-Y

2005-06-01

Greenhouse pot experiments were performed with Ipomoea aquatica (Kang Kong) to evaluate artificial soil produced from poor fertility subsoil, horticultural compost, and sewage sludge. The addition of horticultural compost and sewage sludge to subsoil substantially improved plant growth, improved the physical properties of subsoil and enriched subsoil by essential nutrients for plants. The effect was enhanced when the two ingredients were added to subsoil together. The highest yield of biomass of I. aquatica was observed in artificial soil prepared by mixing subsoil with 4% (wet weight/wet weight) of horticultural compost and 2% (dry weight/wet weight) of sewage sludge. The contents of heavy metals in plants, grown in the artificial soil, were significantly lower than toxic levels. The artificial soil could be recommended for urban landscaping and gardening in Singapore.

Intelligent control of an IPMC actuated manipulator using emotional learning-based controller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shariati, Azadeh; Meghdari, Ali; Shariati, Parham

2008-08-01

In this research an intelligent emotional learning controller, Takagi- Sugeno- Kang (TSK) is applied to govern the dynamics of a novel Ionic-Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) actuated manipulator. Ionic-Polymer Metal Composites are active actuators that show very large deformation in existence of low applied voltage. In this research, a new IPMC actuator is considered and applied to a 2-dof miniature manipulator. This manipulator is designed for miniature tasks. The control system consists of a set of neurofuzzy controller whose parameters are adapted according to the emotional learning rules, and a critic with task to assess the present situation resulted from the applied control action in terms of satisfactory achievement of the control goals and provides the emotional signal (the stress). The controller modifies its characteristics so that the critic's stress decreased.

It takes two to tango: cigarette smoke partners with viruses to promote emphysema.

PubMed

Tuder, Rubin M; Yun, Jeong H

2008-08-01

Viruses constitute a constant and renewed threat to humans. Not only do viruses cause disease directly due to their tissue tropism and pathogenicity, but they have also been linked to autoimmunity. In their study in this issue of the JCI, Kang et al. show that exposure to cigarette smoke induces alterations in the innate immune response to viral infection and that these changes hasten alveolar destruction characteristic of emphysema in mice (see the related beginning on page 2771). This study builds on evidence that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have clinical exacerbations associated with viral or bacterial infections, which lead to worsened lung function and increased mortality. This novel paradigm may aid related genetic, biomarker, and therapeutic developments and provides important insights into the pathogenesis of emphysematous lung destruction.

Global Characterization of Protein-Altering Mutations in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

abnormal signals are marked as horizontal dashed lines on each plot. (A) Average number of AR per nucleus. (B) Average PTEN/CEP10 ratio. doi:10.1371...1060. 20. Hankinson SE, Manson JE, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Longcope C, et al. (1995) Reproducibility of plasma hormone levels in postmenopausal

Psychiatric Diagnoses and Punishment for Misconduct: The Effects of PTSD in Combat-deployed Marines

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-25

between cohorts of veterans with and without mental illness discharged from inpatient units. Psychiatr Serv 2008, 59:178-83. 25. Koenen KC, Lyons MJ ...1991. 44. Edwards JE, Newell CE: Navy pattern-of-misconduct discharges: A study of potential racial effects (NPRDC-TR-94-11). San Diego, CA: Navy

Psychiatric Diagnoses and Punishment for Misconduct: The Effects of PTSD in Combat-Developed Marines

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-25

illness discharged from inpatient units. Psychiatr Serv 2008;59:178-83. 25. Koenen KC, Lyons MJ , Goldberg J, Simpson J, William WM, Toomey R, Eisen SA...Research and Development Center, 1991. 44. Edwards JE, Newell CE: Navy pattern-of-misconduct discharges: A study of potential racial effects (NPRDC-TR

Publications - RI 2005-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

; Solomon Bibliographic Reference Werdon, M.B., Stevens, D.S.P., Newberry, R.J., Szumigala, D.J., Athey, J.E ; Geochronology; Geology; Igneous Rocks; Mesozoic; Metamorphic Rocks; Nome; Nome Group; Ordovician; Paleozoic ; Plutonic Rocks; Proterozoic; Quaternary; Rb-Sr; STATEMAP Project; Seward Peninsula; Solomon Schist

A Three-Parameter Generalisation of the Beta-Binomial Distribution with Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

York. Rust, R.T. and Klompmaker, J.E. (1981). Improving the estimation procedure for the beta binomial t.v. exposure model. Journal of Marketing ... Research . 18, 442-448. Sabavala, D.J. and Morrison, D.G. (1977). Television show loyalty: a beta- binomial model using recall data. Journal of Advertiuing

Diallel analysis for aflatoxin accumulation and fall armyworm leaf feeding damage in maize

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two of the major impediments to profitable maize, Zea mays L., production in the southern United States are losses from feeding by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and losses from the production and accumulation of aflatoxin in maize grain. The fall armyworm feeds on all above-grou...

Etiology and Rapid Diagnosis of Human Viral Gastroenteritis

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

Esherichia coli infections detected by DNA hybridization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26:1362-1366,1988. 16. Herrmann, J.E., Blacklow, N.R., Perron... coli infections in pediatric diarrhea in the Philippines, J. Infect. Dis. 138:326, 1978. 13. Echeverria, P., Hodge, F.A., Blacklow, N.R., Vollet, J.J

Feeding deterrence and inhibitory effects of bee balm (Monarda didyma) leaves on fall armyworm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] is a serious pest of many field and horticulture crops. Because of the many advantages for the use of plant-derived pesticides, we tested whether bee balm (Monarda didyma L.) leaves could have feeding deterrence on fall armyworm. When S. frugipe...

An Instrument for Every Child: A Study on Long-Term Effects of Extended Music Education in German Primary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krupp-Schleußner, Valerie; Lehmann-Wermser, Andreas

2018-01-01

Does extended music education during primary school foster long-term musical participation? What other factors contribute to long-term musical participation? In our study on "Impacts and Long-Term Effects of Musical Participation," we investigate how the German programme "An Instrument for Every Child (JeKi)," which fosters the…

Bi-Layer Wound Dressing System for Combat Casualty Care

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-08-01

25] P.G. Bowler. 2003. The 105 bacterial growth guideline: reassessing its clinical relevance to wound healing. Ostomy /Wound Management 49: 44-53...33] M. Briggs, I. Torra, and J.E. Bou. 2003. Understanding the origin of wound pain during dressing change. Ostomy /Wound Management 49: 10-11

Collected Papers in Teaching English as a Second Language and Bilingual Education: Themes, Practices, Viewpoints.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Light, Richard L., Ed.; Osman, Alice H., Ed.

This volume contains the following papers: (1) "Linguistics, TESOL, and Bilingual Education: An Overview," by J.E. Alatis; (2) "TESOL: Meeting a Social Need," by M. Galvan; (3) "Bilingual Education, TESL, and Ethnicity in New York State," by E.B. Nyquist; (4) "Control, Initiative, and the Whole Learner," by…

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF PERFLUOROOCATANE SULFONATE (PFOS) IN THE RAT AND MOUSE

EPA Science Inventory

1Lau, C., 1J.M. Rogers, 1R.G. Hanson*, 1B.D. Barbee*, 1M.G. Narotsky, 1J.E. Schmid* and 2J.H. Richards*. 1Reproductive Toxicology Division, and 2Environmental Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Developmental toxicity of Perfluorooctane ...

Frost Collection Presented to University of the Incarnate Word

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Childhood Education, 2004

2004-01-01

On April 21, 2004, the Joe L. Frost Children's Play and Play Environments Research Collection was dedicated at the J.E. and L.E. Mabee Library at the University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas. This brief article describes the collection and Frost's plans for the future.

Molecular evidence for the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype I and III infection associated with acute Encephalitis in Patients of West Bengal, India, 2010

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is the sole etiologic agent of Japanese Encephalitis (JE); a neurotropic killer disease which is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis worldwide with prime public health concern. JE was first reported in the state of West Bengal, India in 1973. Since then it is being reported every year from different districts of the state, though the vaccination has already been done. Therefore, it indicates that there might be either partial coverage of the vaccine or the emergence of mutated/new strain of JEV. Considering this fact, to understand the JEV genotype distribution, we conducted a molecular epidemiological study on a total of 135 serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples referred and/or collected from the clinically suspected patients with Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), admitted in different district hospitals of West Bengal, India, 2010. Findings JEV etiology was confirmed in 36/135 (26.6%) and 13/61 (21.3%) 2–15 days’ febrile illness samples from AES cases by analyzing Mac-ELISA followed by RT-PCR test respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete envelope gene sequences of 13 isolates showed the emergence of JEV genotype I (GI), co-circulating with genotype III (GIII). Conclusion This study represents the first report of JEV GI with GIII, co-circulating in West Bengal. The efficacy of the vaccine (derived from JEV GIII strain SA-14-14-2) to protect against emerging JEV GI needs careful evaluation. In future, JE outbreak is quite likely in the state, if this vaccine fails to protect sufficiently against GI of JEV. PMID:23153306

Muscle layer histopathology and manometry pattern of primary esophageal motility disorders including achalasia.

PubMed

Nakajima, N; Sato, H; Takahashi, K; Hasegawa, G; Mizuno, K; Hashimoto, S; Sato, Y; Terai, S

2017-03-01

Histopathology of muscularis externa in primary esophageal motility disorders has been characterized previously. We aimed to correlate the results of high-resolution manometry with those of histopathology. During peroral endoscopic myotomy, peroral esophageal muscle biopsy was performed in patients with primary esophageal motility disorders. Immunohistochemical staining for c-kit was performed to assess the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Hematoxylin Eosin and Azan-Mallory staining were used to detect muscle atrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, respectively. Slides from 30 patients with the following motility disorders were analyzed: achalasia (type I: 14, type II: 5, type III: 3), one diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), two outflow obstruction (OO), four jackhammer esophagus (JE), and one nutcracker esophagus (NE). ICCs were preserved in high numbers in type III achalasia (n=9.4±1.2 cells/high power field [HPF]), compared to types I (n=3.7±0.3 cells/HPF) and II (n=3.5±1.0 cells/HPF). Moreover, severe fibrosis was only observed in type I achalasia and not in other types of achalasia, OO, or DES. Four of five patients with JE and NE had severe inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal muscle layer (73.8±50.3 eosinophils/HPF) with no epithelial eosinophils. One patient with JE showed a visceral myopathy pattern. Compared to types I and II, type III achalasia showed preserved ICCs, with variable data regarding DES and OO. In disorders considered as primary esophageal motility disorders, a disease category exists, which shows eosinophilic infiltration in the esophageal muscle layer with no eosinophils in the epithelium. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Genetic evaluation of lactation persistency for five breeds of dairy cattle.

PubMed

Cole, J B; Null, D J

2009-05-01

Cows with high lactation persistency tend to produce less milk than expected at the beginning of lactation and more than expected at the end. Best prediction of lactation persistency is calculated as a function of trait-specific standard lactation curves and linear regressions of test-day deviations on days in milk. Because regression coefficients are deviations from a tipping point selected to make yield and lactation persistency phenotypically uncorrelated it should be possible to use 305-d actual yield and lactation persistency to predict yield for lactations with later endpoints. The objectives of this study were to calculate (co)variance components and breeding values for best predictions of lactation persistency of milk (PM), fat (PF), protein (PP), and somatic cell score (PSCS) in breeds other than Holstein, and to demonstrate the calculation of prediction equations for 400-d actual milk yield. Data included lactations from Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey (GU), Jersey (JE), and Milking Shorthorn (MS) cows calving since 1997. The number of sires evaluated ranged from 86 (MS) to 3,192 (JE), and mean sire estimated breeding value for PM ranged from 0.001 (Ayrshire) to 0.10 (Brown Swiss); mean estimated breeding value for PSCS ranged from -0.01 (MS) to -0.043 (JE). Heritabilities were generally highest for PM (0.09 to 0.15) and lowest for PSCS (0.03 to 0.06), with PF and PP having intermediate values (0.07 to 0.13). Repeatabilities varied considerably between breeds, ranging from 0.08 (PSCS in GU, JE, and MS) to 0.28 (PM in GU). Genetic correlations of PM, PF, and PP with PSCS were moderate and favorable (negative), indicating that increasing lactation persistency of yield traits is associated with decreases in lactation persistency of SCS, as expected. Genetic correlations among yield and lactation persistency were low to moderate and ranged from -0.55 (PP in GU) to 0.40 (PP in MS). Prediction equations for 400-d milk yield were calculated for each breed by

What can we learn about Mars from satellite magnetic field measurements?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morschhauser, A.; Mittelholz, A.; Thomas, P.; Vervelidou, F.; Grott, M.; Johnson, C.; Lesur, V.; Lillis, R. J.

2017-12-01

The Mars orbiters MGS and MAVEN provide vector magnetic field data for Mars at a variety of altitudes, locations, and local times. In spite of the abundance of data, there are many open questions concerning the crustal magnetic field of Mars. In this contribution, we present our efforts to estimate the shutdown time of the Martian core dynamo and to estimate Martian paleopole locations, using magnetic field satellite data and models derived from these data [1]. Models are primarily based on MGS data, and we shortly present our recent advances to include MAVEN data. There exists some controversy concerning the timing of the Martian core dynamo shutdown [e.g., 2-5]. We address this question by studying the so-called visible magnetization [6-7] of impact craters larger than 400 km in diameter, and conclude that the dynamo ceased to operate in the Noachian period [8]. Further, paleopole locations have been used to constrain the dynamics of the Martian core dynamo [e.g. 4-5, 9]. However, such estimates are limited by the inherent non-uniqueness of inferring magnetization from magnetic field measurements. Here, we discuss how estimated paleopoles are influenced by this non-uniqueness and the limited signal-to-noise ratio of satellite measurements [6]. Furthermore, we discuss how paleopole locations may still be obtained from satellite magnetic field measurements. In this context, we present some new paleopole estimates for Mars including estimates of uncertainties. References: [1] A. Morschhauser et al. (2014), JGR, doi: 10.1002/2013JE004555 [2] R.J. Lillis et al. (2015), JGR, doi: 10.1002/2014je004774 [3] L.L. Hood et al. (2010), Icarus, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.009 [4] C. Milbury et al. (2012), JGR, doi: 10.1029/2012JE004099 [5] B. Langlais and M. Purucker (2007), PSS, 10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.008 [6] F. Vervelidou et al., On the accuracy of paleopole estimations from magnetic field measurements, GJI, under revision 2017 [7] D. Gubbins et al. (2011), GJI, doi: 10

Reply to 'Comments on upscaling geochemical reaction rates usingpore-scale network modeling' by Peter C. Lichtner and Qinjun Kang

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Li; Peters, Catherine A.; Celia, Michael A.

2006-05-03

Our paper "Upscaling geochemical reaction rates usingpore-scale network modeling" presents a novel application of pore-scalenetwork modeling to upscale mineral dissolution and precipitationreaction rates from the pore scale to the continuum scale, anddemonstrates the methodology by analyzing the scaling behavior ofanorthite and kaolinite reaction kinetics under conditions related to CO2sequestration. We conclude that under highly acidic conditions relevantto CO2 sequestration, the traditional continuum-based methodology may notcapture the spatial variation in concentrations from pore to pore, andscaling tools may be important in correctly modeling reactive transportprocesses in such systems. This work addresses the important butdifficult question of scaling mineral dissolution and precipitationreactionmore » kinetics, which is often ignored in fields such as geochemistry,water resources, and contaminant hydrology. Although scaling of physicalprocesses has been studied for almost three decades, very few studieshave examined the scaling issues related to chemical processes, despitetheir importance in governing the transport and fate of contaminants insubsurface systems.« less

Neuroexcitatory Drug Receptors in Mammals and Invertebrates.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-11-30

1082 . 9. Lawrence, J.J. and Casida, J.E. (1983) Stereospecific action of pyrethroid insecticides on the y-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore...1984). Olsen, R.W. and A.M. Snowman. Avermectin B Modulation of GABA Receptor Binding in Rat Brain, J. Neurochem. 44, 1074- 1082 (1985). Lunt, G.G., T

Development of a Cavum Septi Pellucidi after Ommaya Reservoir Placement: A Cause of Shunt Malfunction

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

pellucidi (Figure 1). After the first injection of intrathecal cytarabine (Ara-C) via the Ommaya reservoir the patient experienced a generalized tonic...methotrexate and cytarabine . Child’s Nerv Syst 1990; 6: 231-235. 3. Lishner M, Perrin RG, Feld R, Messner HA, Tuffnell PG, Elhakim T, Matlow A, Curtis JE

Annual Progress Report and Report of Significant Accomplishments. Joint Services Electronics Program of the Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

Maccagno, and A. Miller, "Interaction of Acoustic Waves and Ferroelastic Domain Walls," Ferroelectrics (to be published). 3. J. A. Armstrong , et al...34 Preprint (November 1982). Also: Published in Electronics Letters, 18.A 999 (11 November 1982). 3513 S.A. Newton, J.E. Bowers, G. Kotler , Litton Systems, and

Varia. (Miscellany).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthey, Marinette

1996-01-01

This collection of diverse research papers in linguistics includes: "La notion de tour de parole dans une perspective syntaxique" ("The Notion of Turn Taking from a Syntactic Perspective") (Jean-Marc Luscher, Sandrine Piaget, Christian Rubattel); "'Si tu me fais honneur d'un p'tit telephone demain matin ben je suis…

Serbo-Croatian. SC-15A. Part 3. Advanced Grammar and Syntax,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

mislili smo, (mi) The second person designates the person whom the speaker is addressing. Sg. govoris, pevas , pises, pevao si (ti) PI. govorite, pevate...one who is addressed. Sg. govori (on or ona), peva , pise, je pevao (la) PI. govore, pevau, pisu, su pevali(le) (one, oni) II. Aspect Predicates: There

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 08/05/1971

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-13

... ', <- j ' .. :.1 1 I'C"J~' I !cu:po(..d\\,;: c ... ~r r' 2 fcCI. In ! ," .; itt :',' C,i: r '\\ '''0'''-' r(' 'cl'l·(·.·h'll 1 , , ' . I j'-" :- I 1·,·i'_·'_I.U'·L:c'=+() q'. " j. 'd, (J'e 'II.! ...

Application of Picosecond and Light Scattering Spectroscopies to the Study of Energetic Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-11

Conference in Paris, 1971, p. 488; also Flammarion , 1971. 23. Mitchell, R.S. and Guillet, J.E., Journal of Polymer Science. Part A-2; Polymer Physics...Solids," Proceedings of the International Conference in Paris, 1971, p. ); also Flammarion , 1971. 26. Dil, J.G. and Brody, E.M., Physical Review B

40 CFR 52.1396 - Federal implementation plan for regional haze.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: PPL Montana, LLC, Colstrip Power Plant, Units 1, 2; and PPL Montana, LLC, JE Corette Steam Electric... production plants: Ash Grove Cement, Montana City Plant; and Holcim (US) Inc. Cement, Trident Plant. This..., SO2 or NOX in excess of the following limitations, in pounds per million British thermal units (lb...

40 CFR 52.1396 - Federal implementation plan for regional haze.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: PPL Montana, LLC, Colstrip Power Plant, Units 1, 2; and PPL Montana, LLC, JE Corette Steam Electric... production plants: Ash Grove Cement, Montana City Plant; and Holcim (US) Inc. Cement, Trident Plant. This..., SO2 or NOX in excess of the following limitations, in pounds per million British thermal units (lb...

Travaux Neuchatelois de linguistique (TRANEL) (Neuchatel Works in Linguistics). Number 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Travaux Neuchatelois de linguistique (TRANEL), 1985

1985-01-01

The five papers in this collection include: "Apprendre a apprendre les langues: 'Mais je veux etre un handicape linguistique!'" (Learning To Learn Languages: But I Want To Be Linguistically Handicapped!) (Richard Duda); "Pedagogie integree des langues maternelle et seconde. La conscience des problemes chez les enseignants et chez les enseignes"…

Evaluatie Constructie Joint Support Ship (Evaluation Structure Joint Support Ship)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-15

die de toegevoeade massa berekent volgens ONGERUBRICEERD -62- ONGERUBRICEERD I TNO-rapport 1 2008-D-R0437 dezelfde theorie als gebruikt binnen...I2008-D-RO437 -69 8 Ondertekening Auteur : Ir. T.N. Bosman Approved: Ir. J.E. van Aanhold C’ ’ Visa: Ir. W. Trouwborst ONGERUBRICEERD -70

LOCALIZATION, FERTILITY INHIBITION, AND EPITOPE MAPS USING ANTIBODIES TO THE SPERM PROTEIN SP22

EPA Science Inventory

LOCALIZATION, FERTILITY INHIBITION, AND EPITOPE MAPS USING ANTIBODIES TO THE SPERM PROTEIN SP22. GR Klinefelter1, JE Welch*1, HDM Moore*2, K Bobseine*1, J Suarez*1 ,N Roberts*1 ,R Zucker *1 1U.S. EPA, NHEERL, Reproductive Toxicology Division, RTP, NC and 2University of Sheffield...

Prediction of internal dosimetry and toxicity of volatile chemicals in rats using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: carbon tetrachloride as a model compound

EPA Science Inventory

Prediction of internal dosimetry and toxicity of volatile chemicals in rats using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: carbon tetrachloride as a model compound D.N. Williams1, J.E. Simmons2, J.V. Bruckner3, and M.V. Evans2 1ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117; 2US EPA/ORD/...

Phenotypic and genetic effects of recessive haplotypes on yield, longevity, and fertility

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Phenotypes from the August 2015 US national genetic evaluation were used to compute phenotypic effects of cholesterol deficiency (CD) and 17 other recessive haplotypes in Ayrshire (AY; n=1), Brown Swiss (BS; n = 5), Holstein (HO; n = 10), and Jersey (JE; n = 2) cattle on milk, fat, and protein yield...

THE EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF CRUDE OIL ON EXTENT OF ITS BIODEGRADATION IN OPEN WATER- AND SANDY BEACH- LABORATORY SIMULATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

Lepo, J.E., C. R. Cripe, J.L. Kavanaugh, S. Zhang and G.P. Norton. 2003. Effect of Amount of Crude Oil on Extent of Its Biodegradation in Open Water- and Sandy Beach-Laboratory Simulations. Environ. Technol. 24(10):1291-1302. (ERL,GB 1109).

We examined the biodegradation ...

Modeling the Carbon Implications of Ecologically Based Forest Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-20

richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem. American Journal of Botany 88, 2119-2128. Kolb, T.E., and J.E. Stone. 2000...litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 61(3):872-879 Loudermilk, E.L., Cropper, W.P., Mitchell, R.J., Lee, H., 2011. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and

Modeling the Carbon Implications of Ecologically-Based Forest Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem. American Journal of Botany 88, 2119-2128. Kolb, T.E., and J.E. Stone. 2000...litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 61(3):872-879 Loudermilk, E.L., Cropper, W.P., Mitchell, R.J., Lee, H., 2011. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and

Neurotransmitter Receptors and Their Ionic Channels as Targets for Drugs and Toxins

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-06

Albuquerque, E.X. Acetylcholine receptors in normal and myasthenic muscle. In: Myasthenia Gravis (E.X. Albuquerque and A.T. Eldefrawi, eds.), Chapman and...M-asthenia Gravis (E.X. Albuquerque and A.T. E1defrawi, eds.), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 189-214, 1983. 13. Warnick, J.E., Spivak, C.E., and

Gene and Stress History Interplay in Emergence of PTSD-like Features

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-27

35–50. [9] Hetherington MM, Cecil JE. Gene–environment interactions in obesity . Forum Nutr 2010;63:195–203. [10] Lau JY, Eley TC. Gene–environment...Psychiatry 2010;34(3):459–62. [56] Binder EB, et al. Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE ELIMINATION RATE AND BODY FAT MASS IN A PBPK MODEL FOR TCDD IN PREDICTING THE SERUM TCDD CONCENTRATIONS FROM VETERANS OF OPERATION RANCH HAND

EPA Science Inventory

The Influence of Variable Elimination Rate and Body Fat Mass in a PBPK Model for TCDD in Predicting the Serum TCDD Concentrations from Veterans of Operation Ranch Hand.
C Emond1,2, LS Birnbaum2, JE Michalek3, MJ DeVito2
1 National Research Council, National Academy of Scien...

Melanges Pedagogiques (Pedagogical Mixture), 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melanges Pedagogiques, 1983

1983-01-01

The 1983 issue of the journal on second language teaching and learning contains six articles in French. These include the following: "E.A.O.: Expression avec ordinateur (E.A.O.: Computer-Aided Expression)" (Daniele Abe, Michele Cembalo); "Ou suis-je? De la relation apprenant/environnement (Where Am I? On the Learner/Environment…

Actes du colloque: Tendances actuelles de la recherche sur la langue parlee (Conference Presentations: Current Trends in Research on Oral Language).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auger, Julie, Ed.

Student papers presented at a sociolinguistics conference include: "La variation phonologique [d'une voyelle] a Hull"; "La force illocutoire des pronoms personnels 'je' et 'tu' en tant qu'insignes des places d'ou parlent les femmes et les hommes"; "L'emploi des modes indicatif et subjonctif dans le francais parle de la…

Efficacy of a Commercial Bacterin in Protecting Strain 13 Guinea Pigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica Pneumonia.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

colonies have continued to occur (2-4). In addition to bronchopneumonia, it also induces abortion, still births, infertility, and otitis media (5-7...New York, NY 1976; 121-35. 7. Wagner JE, Owens DR, Kusewitt DF, et al. Otitis media of guinea pigs. Lab Anim Sci 1976; 26:902-7. 8. Shimizu T

CDNA CLONING OF FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) ESTROGEN AND ANDROGEN RECEPTORS FOR USE IN STEROID RECEPTOR EXTRAPOLATION STUDIES FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS

EPA Science Inventory

cDNA Cloning of Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) Estrogen and Androgen Receptors for Use in Steroid Receptor Extrapolation Studies for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.

Wilson, V.S.1,, Korte, J.2, Hartig P. 1, Ankley, G.T.2, Gray, L.E., Jr 1, , and Welch, J.E.1. 1U.S...

Dimension Reduction Near Periodic Orbits of Hybrid Systems: Appendix

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-07

aplicable to a class of non-smooth systems called hybrid dynamical systems. We relegate a formal definition of the class of hybrid systems under...and highly mobile hexapod robot. IJRR, 20(7):616, 2001. [4] S. Kim, J.E. Clark, and M.R. Cutkosky. iSprawl: Design and tuning for high-speed

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, D.Z.N DIAZINON 50W INSECTICIDE, 04/11/1988

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-13

... i\\ll!Jl'i 1'; I flllt:n.lilt ;:)rl,/ 1 It). I: ;Je,:-n ,Ji 1/.1 f):)!) J~'; ,J\\'~' ;1)·;. j')r-:;ldrd (>11 <)[ ,~ J.l1';. ;\\I;,"T l'lT t '/1)" ()II :"'t l()(j '11: ()f 'vI,lt ··r. j , \\j , -10- ...

Mesure et retroaction sur un qubit multi-niveaux en electrodynamique quantique en circuit non lineair

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boissonneault, Maxime

L'electrodynamique quantique en circuit est une architecture prometteuse pour le calcul quantique ainsi que pour etudier l'optique quantique. Dans cette architecture, on couple un ou plusieurs qubits supraconducteurs jouant le role d'atomes a un ou plusieurs resonateurs jouant le role de cavites optiques. Dans cette these, j'etudie l'interaction entre un seul qubit supraconducteur et un seul resonateur, en permettant cependant au qubit d'avoir plus de deux niveaux et au resonateur d'avoir une non-linearite Kerr. Je m'interesse particulierement a la lecture de l'etat du qubit et a son amelioration, a la retroaction du processus de mesure sur le qubit de meme qu'a l'etude des proprietes quantiques du resonateur a l'aide du qubit. J'utilise pour ce faire un modele analytique reduit que je developpe a partir de la description complete du systeme en utilisant principalement des transfprmations unitaires et une elimination adiabatique. J'utilise aussi une librairie de calcul numerique maison permettant de simuler efficacement l'evolution du systeme complet. Je compare les predictions du modele analytique reduit et les resultats de simulations numeriques a des resultats experimentaux obtenus par l'equipe de quantronique du CEASaclay. Ces resultats sont ceux d'une spectroscopie d'un qubit supraconducteur couple a un resonateur non lineaire excite. Dans un regime de faible puissance de spectroscopie le modele reduit predit correctement la position et la largeur de la raie. La position de la raie subit les decalages de Lamb et de Stark, et sa largeur est dominee par un dephasage induit par le processus de mesure. Je montre que, pour les parametres typiques de l'electrodynamique quantique en circuit, un accord quantitatif requiert un modele en reponse non lineaire du champ intra-resonateur, tel que celui developpe. Dans un regime de forte puissance de spectroscopie, des bandes laterales apparaissent et sont causees par les fluctuations quantiques du champ electromagnetique

Jet Noise Diagnostics Supporting Statistical Noise Prediction Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James E.

2006-01-01

The primary focus of my presentation is the development of the jet noise prediction code JeNo with most examples coming from the experimental work that drove the theoretical development and validation. JeNo is a statistical jet noise prediction code, based upon the Lilley acoustic analogy. Our approach uses time-average 2-D or 3-D mean and turbulent statistics of the flow as input. The output is source distributions and spectral directivity. NASA has been investing in development of statistical jet noise prediction tools because these seem to fit the middle ground that allows enough flexibility and fidelity for jet noise source diagnostics while having reasonable computational requirements. These tools rely on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions as input for computing far-field spectral directivity using an acoustic analogy. There are many ways acoustic analogies can be created, each with a series of assumptions and models, many often taken unknowingly. And the resulting prediction can be easily reverse-engineered by altering the models contained within. However, only an approach which is mathematically sound, with assumptions validated and modeled quantities checked against direct measurement will give consistently correct answers. Many quantities are modeled in acoustic analogies precisely because they have been impossible to measure or calculate, making this requirement a difficult task. The NASA team has spent considerable effort identifying all the assumptions and models used to take the Navier-Stokes equations to the point of a statistical calculation via an acoustic analogy very similar to that proposed by Lilley. Assumptions have been identified and experiments have been developed to test these assumptions. In some cases this has resulted in assumptions being changed. Beginning with the CFD used as input to the acoustic analogy, models for turbulence closure used in RANS CFD codes have been explored and

Underground Injection Control, Hydraulic Fracturing, and Sources of Drinking Water in the Western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, R. B.; Kang, M.

2016-12-01

Oil and gas extraction is expanding in the United States, attributable to the success of high-volume hydraulic fracturing, and associated wastewater disposal is increasing as a result. The United States currently has approximately 180,000 Class II injection wells associated with the oil and gas industry, more than 50,000 of them in California. Hydraulic fracturing and underground injection often occur many thousands of feet belowground. Previously, however, we documented shallow hydraulic fracturing and other oil and gas activities across the western United States in particular, including California and Wyoming. In eight CA counties, for example, as many as 19% and 35% of oil/gas activities have occurred directly in freshwater zones and USDWs, respectively (Kang and Jackson 2016 PNAS). Here we expand this analysis to examine the underground injection control program and accompanying hydrogeologic variables found in California and elsewhere.

Minimal modification of tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing and leptonic CP violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Sin Kyu

2017-12-01

We confront possible forms of the minimal modification of the tri-bimaximal (TBM) neutrino mixing matrix proposed by Kang and Kim (Phys. Rev. D 90, 077301 (2014)) with the latest global fit to neutrino data. One form among them is singled out by the current experimental results at 1σ confidence level (C.L.) The minimal modification of the TBM mixing matrix makes possible the prediction of Dirac-type CP phase in the Pontecorbo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix in terms of two neutrino mixing angles. By carrying out a numerical analysis based on the latest experimental results for neutrino mixing angles, we are able to present new results on the prediction of the Dirac-type CP phase. We also compare our results on CP violation with those from the current global fit at 1 σ C.L.

Immunogenicity and safety of the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine IXIARO® in elderly subjects: Open-label, uncontrolled, multi-center, phase 4 study.

PubMed

Cramer, Jakob P; Dubischar, Katrin; Eder, Susanne; Burchard, Gerd D; Jelinek, Tomas; Jilma, Bernd; Kollaritsch, Herwig; Reisinger, Emil; Westritschnig, Kerstin

2016-08-31

IXIARO® is a Vero cell-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine licensed mainly in western countries for children and adults traveling to JE endemic areas. Limited immunogenicity and safety data in elderly travelers have been available. To evaluate safety and immunogenicity of IXIARO in elderly subjects. Open-label, single arm, multi-centered study. Two-hundred subjects with good general health, including adequately controlled chronic conditions, received two doses of IXIARO®, 28days apart. Protective levels of antibodies were tested 42days after the second dose. Systemic and local adverse events (AEs) were solicited for 7days after each dose, unsolicited AEs were collected up to day 70 and in a phone call at month 7. Subjects were aged 64-83years (median 69.0years). Nineteen percent of subjects had serious or medically attended AEs up to Day 70 (primary endpoint), none of them causally linked to IXIARO. Solicited local AEs were reported by 33.5% (most common: local tenderness) and solicited systemic AEs by 27% (most common: headache) of subjects. The seroprotection rate was 65% with a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 37. Subjects with tick borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccinations in the past 5years (N=29) had a SCR of 90% and GMT of 65. IXIARO is generally well tolerated in the elderly, and the safety profile is largely comparable with younger adults. SCR and GMT are lower compared to younger adults, but SCR is in the range reported in elderly for other vaccines e.g. against TBE, hepatitis-A virus (HAV)/hepatitis-B virus (HBV), influenza. The differences in SCR and GMT from younger to elderly adults were in the range of other vaccines. Duration of protection is uncertain in older persons, therefore a booster dose (third dose) should be considered before any further exposure to JE virus. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Forecasting Japanese encephalitis incidence from historical morbidity patterns: Statistical analysis with 27 years of observation in Assam, India.

PubMed

Handique, Bijoy K; Khan, Siraj A; Mahanta, J; Sudhakar, S

2014-09-01

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the dreaded mosquito-borne viral diseases mostly prevalent in south Asian countries including India. Early warning of the disease in terms of disease intensity is crucial for taking adequate and appropriate intervention measures. The present study was carried out in Dibrugarh district in the state of Assam located in the northeastern region of India to assess the accuracy of selected forecasting methods based on historical morbidity patterns of JE incidence during the past 22 years (1985-2006). Four selected forecasting methods, viz. seasonal average (SA), seasonal adjustment with last three observations (SAT), modified method adjusting long-term and cyclic trend (MSAT), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) have been employed to assess the accuracy of each of the forecasting methods. The forecasting methods were validated for five consecutive years from 2007-2012 and accuracy of each method has been assessed. The forecasting method utilising seasonal adjustment with long-term and cyclic trend emerged as best forecasting method among the four selected forecasting methods and outperformed the even statistically more advanced ARIMA method. Peak of the disease incidence could effectively be predicted with all the methods, but there are significant variations in magnitude of forecast errors among the selected methods. As expected, variation in forecasts at primary health centre (PHC) level is wide as compared to that of district level forecasts. The study showed that adopted forecasting techniques could reasonably forecast the intensity of JE cases at PHC level without considering the external variables. The results indicate that the understanding of long-term and cyclic trend of the disease intensity will improve the accuracy of the forecasts, but there is a need for making the forecast models more robust to explain sudden variation in the disease intensity with detail analysis of parasite and host population

COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR COUNTING HUMAN SPERMATOZOA

EPA Science Inventory

COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR COUNTING HUMAN SPERMATOZOA SC Jeffay1, LF Strader1, RA Morris1, JE Schmid1, AF Olshan2, LW Lansdell2, SD Perreault1. 1US EPA/ORD, RTP, NC; 2UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC.
The IDENT feature of the HTM-IVOS semen analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research, Bev...

Publications - RDF 2002-3 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

geochemical data from the rocks collected in the Big Delta Quadrangle, Alaska in 2001 Authors: Athey, J.E or please see our publication sales page for more information. Quadrangle(s): Big Delta Bibliographic , minor-oxide, trace-element, and geochemical data from the rocks collected in the Big Delta Quadrangle

Automated Analysis of Vital Signs to Identify Patients with Substantial Bleeding before Hospital Arrival: A Feasibility Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

Dziekan G, Bahl R, Mathai M, Merialdi M, Berry W, Gawande AA: Designing the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist program to improve quality of care at... childbirth . Int J Gynaecol Obstet 122(2):164Y168, 2013. 35. Arriaga AF, Bader AM, Wong JM, Lipsitz SR, Berry WR, Ziewacz JE, Hepner DL, Boorman DJ, Pozner

Joint Engagement and Early Language in Young Children with Fragile X Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Laura J.; Brady, Nancy C.; Fleming, Kandace; Warren, Steven F.

2016-01-01

Purpose: In this study, we examine joint engagement (JE) in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and its relationship to language abilities and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology at 24 to 36 months (toddler period) and 59 to 68 months (child period). Method: Participants were 28 children with FXS (24 boys, four girls) and their…

Alaska Mineral Industry Reports | Alaska Division of Geological &

Science.gov Websites

Publications Geologic Materials Center General Information Inventory Monthly Report Hours and Location Policy Surveys has published an annual summary of mineral activity each winter followed by an annual report of conveyor in the foreground. Photo provided by Fairbanks Gold Mining Co. SR 72 Report Athey, J.E., and

Dietary Influences on Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) Expression in the Prostate

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

calculated from the point where each curve crossed the threshold line (Ct) using the following equation : Rel. value = 2[Ct(control) Ct(test)]test...pancreatic cancer. J Hum Genet 2005;50:159–67. 41. Armes JE, Hammet F, de Silva M, et al. Candidate tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome arm 8p in early

MIL-STD-2411-1 Change 3. Notice Impacts to NAVAIR

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

is Steve Rogan, NGA OCIO CE, 314-676- 0292, rogans@nga.mil. METRIC MIL-STD-2411-1 w/CHANGE 3 ______________ SUPERCEDING MIL-STD-2411-1 Change...JN Jan Mayen Is (NO) JA Japan DQ Jarvis Island (US) JE Jersey (UK) JQ Johnston Atoll (US) JO Jordan JU Juan De Nova Islands (FR) YV Juan

Evaluating the Effects of Clothing and Individual Equipment on Marksmanship Performance Using a Novel Five Target Methodology

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-01

operationally relevant and address the key factors for Warfighter performance. N ot s ub je ct to U .S . c op yr ig ht re st ric tio ns . D...11B) from the 75th Ranger Regiment. Two TPs were Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) Contractors as Representative Soldiers (CARS). One of the CARS is

Impact of genomic selection on genetic gain of Net Merit of US dairy cattle

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The introduction of genomic selection (GS) in dairy cattle has opened new possibilities to increase the rates of genetic gain. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of GS on Net Merit (NM) genetic gain of US Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE) and Brown Swiss (BS) cattle, using a four-path mo...

The dominant roles of ICAM-1-encoding gene in DNA vaccination against Japanese encephalitis virus are the activation of dendritic cells and enhancement of cellular immunity.

PubMed

Zhai, Yong-Zhen; Zhou, Yan; Ma, Li; Feng, Guo-He

2013-01-01

We investigated the cellular immune responses elicited by a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding prM-E protein from the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) with or without various forms of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 gene to maximize the immune responses evoked by the JE DNA vaccine. We observed that co-immunization with the construct containing murine ICAM-1 gene (pICAM-1) resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of CD4(+)T cells, high level of JEV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, and high production of T helper 1 (Th1)-type cytokines in splenic T cells. Furthermore, the co-expression of ICAM-1 and DNA immunogens was found to be more effective in generating T cell-mediated immune responses than those induced by immunization with pJME in combination with pICAM-1. Our results suggested that ICAM-1 enhanced T cell receptor signaling and activated Th1 immune responses in the JEV model system by increasing the induction of CD4(+)Th1 cell subset and activating dendritic cells. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nébulisation d’épinéphrine chez les jeunes enfants atteints de bronchiolite

PubMed Central

Sakulchit, Teeranai; Goldman, Ran D.

2016-01-01

Résumé Question Tous les ans, durant l’hiver, je vois des nourrissons qui présentent des symptômes pseudo-grippaux et des sibilances. Je pose souvent un diagnostic de bronchiolite en fonction du tableau clinique. Serait-il prudent d’envoyer ces nourrissons à l’urgence la plus proche pour recevoir un traitement par nébulisation d’épinéphrine? Réponse La nébulisation d’épinéphrine ne doit pas être administrée systématiquement aux nourrissons atteints de bronchiolite. C’est une option à envisager chez les patients qui manifestent des symptômes graves. S’il n’y a aucun signe d’amélioration après l’administration d’épinéphrine, les doses subséquentes sont déconseillées. Il est nécessaire de poursuivre les études sur l’épinéphrine associée à d’autres agents (p. ex. solution saline hypertonique, dexaméthasone par voie orale) pour en confirmer les bienfaits. PMID:27965346

Effect of cathode cooling efficiency and oxygen plasma gas pressure on the hafnium cathode wall temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashtekar, Koustubh; Diehl, Gregory; Hamer, John

2012-10-01

The hafnium cathode is widely used in DC plasma arc cutting (PAC) under an oxygen gas environment to cut iron and iron alloys. The hafnium erosion is always a concern which is controlled by the surface temperature. In this study, the effect of cathode cooling efficiency and oxygen gas pressure on the hafnium surface temperature are quantified. The two layer cathode sheath model is applied on the refractive hafnium surface while oxygen species (O2, O, O+, O++, e-) are considered within the thermal dis-equilibrium regime. The system of non-linear equations comprising of current density balance, heat flux balance at both the cathode surface and the sheath-ionization layer is coupled with the plasma gas composition solver. Using cooling heat flux, gas pressure and current density as inputs; the cathode wall temperature, electron temperature, and sheath voltage drop are calculated. Additionally, contribution of emitted electron current (Je) and ions current (Ji) to the total current flux are estimated. Higher gas pressure usually reduces Ji and increases Je that reduces the surface temperature by thermionic cooling.

Derivation of the Schwartzchild Metric From the ``Self Censorship'' of the ZPF (Zero Point Energy) in the GEM Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandenburg, John

2012-10-01

The GEM theory (1) links the EM stress tensor directly to the metric tensor by the principle of ``self censorship'' of the ZPF (2) where the definition of guv = FuwF^wv/ 4 for Planck scale fields makes the stress tensor vanish even when fields are present. The first order form of the metric is recovered as Lorentzian due to alternating regions of strong electric and magnetic fields similar to that seen in models of spacetime in ``Loop Gravity,'' where the model admits perturbations. The GEM ExB drift models of gravity is used The first order perturbations on the fields are considered to be of the order of the fine structure constant alpha. Radiation fields due to a single charged particle of mass M fall off as 1/r and give the values (G=c=1) gtt = 1-2M/r and grr = (1-2M/r). (1) Brandenburg, J.E. (2012)., (2) STAIF II Conference Albuquerque NM 2.Brandenburg, J.E. (2007). IEEE Transactions On Plasma Science, Vol. 35, No. 4., p845.

Simulation Models for Teacher Training: Perspectives and Prospects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharma, Manisha

2015-01-01

It has always been a mind dwelling exercise for the trainers to meet the training needs of the future role players of any organization. May it be corporate offices, Government offices and charitable organizations; training is needed at various stages of job from executives to administrators, from teachers to principals, from line officer to JE and…

Effect of a New Local Anesthetic Buffering Device on Pain Reduction During Nerve Block lnjections

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-10

injection by pH buffering. Arch Emerg Med 1990;7:65-68. 15. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby;2006:383-387...2014. 26. Drake RL, Wayne V, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s anatomy for students. St. Louis: Mosby; 2005:21-25. 27. DiFelice M, Maller S, Hancock R