Evaluation of some heavy metals concentration in body fluids of metal workers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.

PubMed

Sani, Ali; Abdullahi, Ibrahim Lawal

2017-01-01

Metal workers in urban Kano constitute a major workforce with a considerable population. The present work was aimed at obtaining baseline data on the extent of metal ion concentration in body fluids (urine and blood) of sampled population in the area. The investigation involves interaction with sampled population as well as blood and urine sample collection for heavy metals analysis. The health problems associated with the practice identified by respondents include: metal fume fever; eye and skin irritation; dizziness and respiratory problems; lack of or inadequate protective devices during activity were also reported. Laboratory investigation of urine samples by Atomic absorption spectrophotometry indicated higher concentrations for Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni); in blood samples, there were higher concentrations of Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni). Metal workers of urban Kano are at risk because of the concentration of Mn and Pb in particular. There is the need to monitor occupational activities that are responsible for pollution and with serious health risk.

Prevalence of Trachoma in Kano State, Nigeria: Results of 44 Local Government Area-Level Surveys.

PubMed

Mpyet, Caleb; Muhammad, Nasiru; Adamu, Mohammed Dantani; Muazu, Habila; Umar, Murtala Muhammad; Goyol, Musa; Yahaya, Hadi Bala; Onyebuchi, Uwazoeke; Ogoshi, Chris; Hussaini, Tijjani; Isiyaku, Sunday; William, Adamani; Flueckiger, Rebecca M; Chu, Brian K; Willis, Rebecca; Pavluck, Alexandre L; Olobio, Nicholas; Phelan, Sophie; Macleod, Colin; Solomon, Anthony W

2017-06-01

We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting household residents aged 1 year and above were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis. State-wide crude prevalence of TF in persons aged 1-9 years was 3.4% (95% CI 3.3-3.5%), and of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4%). LGA-level age- and sex-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.1% to 2.9%. All but 4 (9%) of 44 LGAs had trichiasis prevalences in adults above the elimination threshold of 0.2%. State-wide prevalence of trichiasis in adult women was significantly higher than in adult men (2.6% vs 1.8%; OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7; p = 0.001). Four of 44 LGAs had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds between 10 and 15%, while another six LGAs had TF prevalences between 5 and 9.9%. In 37 LGAs, >80% of households had access to water within 30 minutes round-trip, but household latrine access was >80% in only 19 LGAs. Trichiasis is a public health problem in most LGAs in Kano. Surgeons need to be trained and deployed to provide community-based trichiasis surgery, with emphasis on delivery of such services to women. Antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement are needed in 10 LGAs.

A Study Investigating the Perceived Service Quality Levels of Sport Center Members: A Kano Model Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yildiz, Kadir; Polat, Ercan; Güzel, Pinar

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate sport center members' perceived service quality levels with a view to Kano customer expectations and requirements model. To that end, a descriptive approach and a correlational research design featuring survey method is adopted. Research group consists of 680 (300 women, 380 men) sport center members who…

Revised Household-Based Microplanning in Polio Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kano State, Nigeria. 2013-2014.

PubMed

Gali, Emmanuel; Mkanda, Pascal; Banda, Richard; Korir, Charles; Bawa, Samuel; Warigon, Charity; Abdullahi, Suleiman; Abba, Bashir; Isiaka, Ayodeji; Yahualashet, Yared G; Touray, Kebba; Chevez, Ana; Tegegne, Sisay G; Nsubuga, Peter; Etsano, Andrew; Shuaib, Faisal; Vaz, Rui G

2016-05-01

Remarkable progress had been made since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988. However endemic wild poliovirus transmission in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan remains an issue of international concern. Poor microplanning has been identified as a major contributor to the high numbers of chronically missed children. We assessed the contribution of the revised household-based microplanning process implemented in Kano State from September 2013 to April 2014 to the outcomes of subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities using used preselected planning and outcome indicators. There was a 38% increase in the number of settlements enumerated, a 30% reduction in the number of target households, and a 54% reduction in target children. The reported number of children vaccinated and the doses of oral polio vaccine used during subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities showed a decline. Postvaccination lot quality assurance sampling and chronically missed settlement reports also showed a progressive reduction in the number of children and settlements missed. We observed improvement in Kano State's performance based on the selected postcampaign performance evaluation indicators and reliability of baseline demographic estimates after the revised household-based microplanning exercise. © 2016 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.

Patient-doctor relationship: the practice orientation of doctors in Kano.

PubMed

Abiola, T; Udofia, O; Abdullahi, A T

2014-01-01

Attitude and orientation of doctors to the doctor-patient relationship has a direct influence on delivery of high quality health- care. No study to the knowledge of these researchers has so far examined the practice orientation of doctors in Nigeria to this phenomenon. The aims of this study were to determine the orientation of Kano doctors to the practice of doctor-patient relationship and physicians' related-factors. Participants were doctors working in four major hospitals (i.e., two federal-owned and two state-owned) servicing Kano State and its environs. The Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were completed by the 214 participants. The PPOS has 18 items and measures three parameters of a total score and two dimension of "sharing" and "caring". The mean age of participants was 31.72 years (standard deviation = 0.87), with 22% being females, 40.7% have been practicing for ≥ 6 years and about two-third working in federal-owned health institution. The Cronbach's alpha of total PPOS scores was 0.733 and that of two sub-scale scores of "sharing" and "caring" were 0.659 and 0.546 respectively. Most of the doctors' orientation (92.5%) was towards doctor-centered (i.e., paternalistic) care, majority (75.2%) upheld the view of not sharing much information and control with patients, and showing little interest in psychosocial concerns of patients (i.e., 'caring'=93.0%). Respondents' characteristics that were significantly associated with high doctor 'caring' relationship orientation were being ≥ 30-year-old and practicing for ≥ 6 years. Working in State-owned hospitals was also significantly associated with high doctor "sharing" orientation. This paper demonstrated why patient-centered medical interviewing should be given top priority in medical training in Nigeria, and particularly for federal health institutions saddled with production of new doctors and further training for practicing doctors.

Women with ADHD: it is an explanation, not the excuse du jour.

PubMed

Waite, Roberta

2010-07-01

To call attention to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a psychiatric disorder that can limit women's potential and overall well-being. ADHD, a legitimate neurobiological disorder that is often hidden, ignored, or misdiagnosed among women, causes them to struggle in silence. Proper interventions for women with ADHD that provide significant attention to context mitigate challenges across psychological, academic, occupational, and social domains. This should amend the diagnosis du jour concept, thereby supporting mechanisms to improve early intervention and positive outcomes. Primary care practitioners play a central role in recognition, intervention, and recovery of women with ADHD.

Citizens' role in health services: satisfaction behavior: Kano's model, Part 1.

PubMed

Corbella Jané, Antoni; Maturana Domínguez, Salvador

2003-01-01

When it comes to consumer satisfaction, there is a lack of consensus over the importance of the role of consumers in connection with the quality of services. Widely different points of view exist, ranging from a defense of consumer satisfaction as the ultimate measure of service quality, to its treatment as a commercial issue or as one that merely has to do with image. This first article (part 1 of 2, also in this issue) describes and illustrates Kano's explicative model of how consumer satisfaction behaves and briefly analyzes the main characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the different methods used to assess consumer satisfaction.

Revised Household-Based Microplanning in Polio Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kano State, Nigeria. 2013–2014

PubMed Central

Gali, Emmanuel; Mkanda, Pascal; Banda, Richard; Korir, Charles; Bawa, Samuel; Warigon, Charity; Abdullahi, Suleiman; Abba, Bashir; Isiaka, Ayodeji; Yahualashet, Yared G.; Touray, Kebba; Chevez, Ana; Tegegne, Sisay G.; Nsubuga, Peter; Etsano, Andrew; Shuaib, Faisal; Vaz, Rui G.

2016-01-01

Background. Remarkable progress had been made since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988. However endemic wild poliovirus transmission in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan remains an issue of international concern. Poor microplanning has been identified as a major contributor to the high numbers of chronically missed children. Methods. We assessed the contribution of the revised household-based microplanning process implemented in Kano State from September 2013 to April 2014 to the outcomes of subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities using used preselected planning and outcome indicators. Results. There was a 38% increase in the number of settlements enumerated, a 30% reduction in the number of target households, and a 54% reduction in target children. The reported number of children vaccinated and the doses of oral polio vaccine used during subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities showed a decline. Postvaccination lot quality assurance sampling and chronically missed settlement reports also showed a progressive reduction in the number of children and settlements missed. Conclusions. We observed improvement in Kano State's performance based on the selected postcampaign performance evaluation indicators and reliability of baseline demographic estimates after the revised household-based microplanning exercise. PMID:26908755

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, North-West Nigeria: Hospital-Based Epidemiological Study

PubMed Central

Ugwa, EA

2015-01-01

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common problem worldwide and the role of douching as a predisposing factor is unclear. Aim: This study was undertaken to highlight the prevalence and predisposing factors of VVC in North-west Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective study done at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), North-west. AKTH is a 500-bed tertiary hospital located in Kano, the most populous state in Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained. Three hundred patients with VVC were recruited from the gynecologic and general outpatients’ clinics of AKTH. Research structured questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical information. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). Frequency, mean and simple percentages were used to analyze data. Result: Candida albicans was the most frequent cause of the positive high vaginal swabs constituting 84.5% (316/374) while Proteus vulgaris was the least frequent cause constituting 0.53% (2/374). Fifty-three percent (143/270) of those with VVC were aged 26–35 years; the married were 80% (216/270) and those who were unmarried were 20% (54/270). Douching was the commonest predisposing factor occurring in 42.5% (115/270) of cases. Conclusion: VVC was the most prevalent cause of vaginosis in North-west Nigeria, and douching was the commonest predisposing factor. PMID:26229716

Prevalence of female genital mutilation among female infants in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Garba, I D; Muhammed, Z; Abubakar, I S; Yakasai, I A

2012-08-01

To determine the prevalence and type of female genital mutilation (FGM) among female infants, reasons and attitude of the mothers to the practice. A cross sectional descriptive study. Tertiary centre in Kano Northern Nigeria. A Pretested questionnaire was administered for mothers of female infants presenting for routine immunization in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). A total of 250 questionnaires were administered, but only 200 were properly filled and this was used for the analysis. Prevalence and type of FGM, reason for and attitude of mothers towards FGM. Twenty-six infants had FGM during the period of study, giving a prevalence rate of 13 %. The mean age at cutting was 8 days ± 7.3. The commonest type of FGM was type I accounting for 96.2 % of the cases. Tradition/culture was the commonest reason for mutilation accounting for 73.1 %, other reasons included; religious in 11.5 %, hygienic in 11.5 % and to preserve virginity in 3.8 %. Traditional barbers were the commonest operators in 80.8 % of cases, followed by the nurse/midwife in 15.4 % of cases. The fathers were the main decision makers in 46.2 %, followed by both parents in 26.9 % and grandparents in 15.4 % of the cases. 84 % of mothers were not in support of the practice. Thirteen percent of the clients would circumcise all their daughters. Forty-eight percent of the clients were of the opinion that FGM cause harm to the victims. Four percent of those whose daughters were yet to be circumcised will do so later. Female genital cutting is still practiced in our environment. Educational enlightenment is fundamental in changing public opinion as well as in offering reasonable alternative to FGM. Campaign against the practice of FGM should be encouraged to eradicate its practice.

Predictors of public attitude toward living organ donation in Kano, northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Zubairu; Abubakar, Isa S; Lawan, Umar M; Abubakar, Mustapha; Adamu, Bappa

2014-01-01

Organ shortage is a major public health challenge for transplant programs globally. The sustenance of such programs as an effective therapy for end-stage organ failure (ESOF) requires an exploration of public awareness and willingness to donate organs. This is imperative, especially in developing countries where ESOF is highly prevalent. We studied the awareness and predictors of public attitude toward organ donation in Kano city in northern Nigeria. Using interviewer-administered questionnaires, we assessed the awareness and willingness to donate solid organs among 400 adults in the Kano metropolis. Three hundred and five of the 383 respondents (79.6%) reported that they had heard about organ donation. There was a significant variation of awareness by education and ethnicity (P <0.05). Most respondents, 303 (79.1%), were willing to donate an organ. Gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-4.95], educational attainment (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.35-5.88), marital status (AOR = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.97-9.1), religion (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.43-8.10) and ethnicity (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.04-5.35) were significant predictors of willingness to donate an organ. Preferred organ recipients were parents (48.9%), children (21.3%), spouses (14.6%) and other relatives (13.4%). Reasons for willingness to donate organs included religion (51.2%), moral obligation (21.4%) and compassion (11.9%), among others. However, there was widespread ignorance of religious precepts concerning organ donation. The high level of awareness and willingness to donate organs in this society could be further enhanced by intensive information, education and communication strategies providing clear messages on societal benefits, religious aspects and bioethical guidance regarding organ donation.

Awareness and attitude of antenatal clients towards HIV voluntary counselling and testing in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Z; Kabir, M; Galadanci, H S; Abubakar, I S; Aliyu, M H

2005-01-01

Mother to child transmission accounts for the majority of HIV infections in children in the developing countries. This study assessed pregnant women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS, awareness and attitudes towards Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) in a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria. A pre-tested structured interview questionnaire was administered on a cross-section of 210 antenatal clients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. All respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS. Fifty seven percent had good knowledge, 32% had fair knowledge and the remaining 11% had poor knowledge of the infection. Most respondents were aware of VCT through health workers, mass media and friends. Similarly, most respondents (81.0%) approved of VCT, 13.0% disapproved of it and the remaining (6%) was undecided. The main reasons for disapproval were; fear of stigmatisation, isolation and effect on marriage security. Those that had tertiary level of education were three times more likely to accept VCT compared to those with lower levels of education (O.R=3.2, 95% confidence interval =1.3-8.0). Although the awareness of VCT for HIV was quite high with most antenatal clients harbouring positive attitudes towards it, there is a need to intensify health education to convince the remaining minority who are still sceptical or ignorant of the benefits of VCT.

Understanding the relationship between Kano model's customer satisfaction scores and self-stated requirements importance.

PubMed

Mkpojiogu, Emmanuel O C; Hashim, Nor Laily

2016-01-01

Customer satisfaction is the result of product quality and viability. The place of the perceived satisfaction of users/customers for a software product cannot be neglected especially in today competitive market environment as it drives the loyalty of customers and promotes high profitability and return on investment. Therefore understanding the importance of requirements as it is associated with the satisfaction of users/customers when their requirements are met is worth the pain considering. It is necessary to know the relationship between customer satisfactions when their requirements are met (or their dissatisfaction when their requirements are unmet) and the importance of such requirement. So many works have been carried out on customer satisfaction in connection with the importance of requirements but the relationship between customer satisfaction scores (coefficients) of the Kano model and users/customers self-stated requirements importance have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, an attempt is made to unravel the underlying relationship existing between Kano model's customer satisfaction indexes and users/customers self reported requirements importance. The results of the study indicate some interesting associations between these considered variables. These bivariate associations reveal that customer satisfaction index (SI), and average satisfaction coefficient (ASC) and customer dissatisfaction index (DI) and average satisfaction coefficient (ASC) are highly correlated (r = 96 %) and thus ASC can be used in place of either SI or DI in representing customer satisfaction scores. Also, these Kano model's customer satisfaction variables (SI, DI, and ASC) are each associated with self-stated requirements importance (IMP). Further analysis indicates that the value customers or users place on requirements that are met or on features that are incorporated into a product influences the level of satisfaction such customers derive from the product. The

An integrative fuzzy Kansei engineering and Kano model for logistics services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartono, M.; Chuan, T. K.; Prayogo, D. N.; Santoso, A.

2017-11-01

Nowadays, customer emotional needs (known as Kansei) in product and especially in services become a major concern. One of the emerging services is the logistics services. In obtaining a global competitive advantage, logistics services should understand and satisfy their customer affective impressions (Kansei). How to capture, model and analyze the customer emotions has been well structured by Kansei Engineering, equipped with Kano model to strengthen its methodology. However, its methodology lacks of the dynamics of customer perception. More specifically, there is a criticism of perceived scores on user preferences, in both perceived service quality and Kansei response, whether they represent an exact numerical value. Thus, this paper is proposed to discuss an approach of fuzzy Kansei in logistics service experiences. A case study in IT-based logistics services involving 100 subjects has been conducted. Its findings including the service gaps accompanied with prioritized improvement initiatives are discussed.

Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Z; Arotiba, J T; Babashani, M

2004-01-01

There has been no description of the characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients that are referred to this antiretroviral treatment centre. The information could be useful in planning for prevention, care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and people affected by AIDS (PABA). To describe the socio-demographic characteristics and identify risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients presenting to Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Analysis of a prospectively collected data on 205 consecutive patients presenting to Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital from May 2002 to June 2003. Out of the 205 HIV positive patients seen, there were 112 (54.6%) males and 93 (45.4%) females giving a sex ratio of 1.2:1. The age range was 18 to 61 years with an overall mean S.D of 33.7 +/- [corrected] 8 years. The mean for males was 37.3 +/- [corrected] 7.8 years compared to 29.56 years for females. This difference was statistically significant (t = 8.1 DF = 201 P < 0.001). About 38.5% of the patients had secondary school education, 36.1% had tertiary education and 10.2% had primary education. Half of the patients were Hausas, 18.5% Igbos, 4.9% Idomas and 3.4% Igalas. Sixty percent were Muslims, the rest were Christians. About 64.0% were married, 23.0% were single and 11.0 % were divorced. Only 17.0% reported having multiple sexual partners. Eighteen percent claimed they use condoms always, 67.8% occasionally and 8.3% never. Twenty percent of the patients had previous blood transfusion. None reported intravenous drug abuse or homosexuality. The need for a sustained multi-sectoral preventive effort and the scaling up of treatment and community care initiatives were stressed.

Empirical research on Kano's model and customer satisfaction.

PubMed

Lin, Feng-Han; Tsai, Sang-Bing; Lee, Yu-Cheng; Hsiao, Cheng-Fu; Zhou, Jie; Wang, Jiangtao; Shang, Zhiwen

2017-01-01

Products are now developed based on what customers desire, and thus attractive quality creation has become crucial. In studies on customer satisfaction, methods for analyzing quality attributes and enhancing customer satisfaction have been proposed to facilitate product development. Although substantial studies have performed to assess the impact of the attributes on customer satisfaction, little research has been conducted that quantitatively calculate the odds of customer satisfaction for the Kano classification, fitting a nonlinear relationship between attribute-level performance and customer satisfaction. In the present study, the odds of customer satisfaction were determined to identify the classification of quality attributes, and took customer psychology into account to suggest how decision-makers should prioritize the allocation of resources. A novel method for quantitatively assessing quality attributes was proposed to determine classification criteria and fit the nonlinear relationship between quality attributes and customer satisfaction. Subsequently, a case study was conducted on bicycle user satisfaction to verify the novel method. The concept of customer satisfaction odds was integrated with the value function from prospect theory to understand quality attributes. The results of this study can serve as a reference for product designers to create attractive quality attributes in their products and thus enhance customer satisfaction.

Does Awareness of Status and Risks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Impact Risky Transmission Behavior Among Infected Adolescents? A Case Study of Clients Attending an Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic in Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.

PubMed

Lawan, Umar Muhammad; Envuladu, Esther Awazzi; Abubakar, Sanusi

2016-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adolescents by virtue of their position are prone to dangerous behaviors including risk-taking for HIV transmission. To determine the awareness of HIV status and risk factors for HIV transmission among HIV-positive adolescents, and how these impact their behavior. A case study approach was used to study a random sample of 400 HIV-positive adolescent children attending an antiretroviral (ART) clinic in Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 computer statistical software. The mean age of the adolescents was 14.9 ± 3.15 years. The majority were females (54.8%) from a polygamous family (57.5%). About two-thirds or 251 (62.8%) patients knew their HIV status. The age of 14 years and above (z = 11.36, P = 0.0001) and having at least secondary school level of education (z = 2.78, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with awareness of HIV status on binary logistic regression. Up to 311 (77.8%) patients had good awareness of the risks of HIV transmission. Awareness of risk of HIV transmission was associated with awareness of HIV status (X(2) = 166.2, P = 0.0001). There was a significant variation in the behaviors between those who were aware of their HIV status and those who were not. Paradoxically, the percentage differences in risk-taking were remarkably high in all the variables examined, and were all in the direction of the adolescents who had good knowledge of the risk factors for HIV transmission. Health ministries, development partners working in this field, and behavioral change communication experts should develop formidable strategies for addressing this menace. There is also a dire need for further research in this area.

Culture-related service expectations: a comparative study using the Kano model.

PubMed

Hejaili, Fayez F; Assad, Lina; Shaheen, Faissal A; Moussa, Dujana H; Karkar, Ayman; AlRukhaimi, Mona; Barhamein, Majdah; Al Suwida, Abdulkareem; Al Alhejaili, Faris F; Al Harbi, Ali S; Al Homrany, Mohamed; Attar, Bisher; Al-Sayyari, Abdulla A

2009-01-01

To compare service expectations between Arab and Austrian patients. We used a Kano model-based questionnaire with 20 service attributes of relevance to the dialysis patient. We analyzed 530, 172, 60, and 68 responses from Saudi, Austrian, Syrian, and UAE patients, respectively. We compared the customer satisfaction coefficient and the frequencies of response categories ("must be," "attractive," "one-dimensional," and "indifferent") for each of the 20 service attributes and in each of the 3 national groups of patients. We also investigated whether any differences seen were related to sex, age, literacy rate, or duration on dialysis. We observed higher satisfaction coefficients and "one-directional" responses among Arab patients and higher dissatisfaction coefficients and "must be" and "attractive" responses among Austrian patients. These were not related to age or duration on dialysis but were related to literacy rate. We speculate that these discrepancies between Austrian and Arab patients might be related to underdeveloped sophistication in market competitive forces and to cultural influences.

Poliovirus seroprevalence before and after interruption of poliovirus transmission in Kano State, Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Zubairu; Verma, Harish; Craig, Kehinde T; Nwaze, Eric; Ahmad-Shehu, Amina; Jibir, Binta Wudil; Gwarzo, Garba Dayyabu; Gajida, Auwalu U; Weldon, William C; Steven Oberste, M; Takane, Marina; Mkanda, Pascal; Muhammad, Ado J G; Sutter, Roland W

2016-09-30

In September 2015, Nigeria was removed from the list of polio-endemic countries after more than 12months had passed since the detection of last wild poliovirus case in the country on 24 July 2014. We are presenting here a report of two polio seroprevalence surveys conducted in September 2013 and October 2014, respectively, in the Kano state of northern Nigeria. Health facility based seroprevalence surveys were undertaken at Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. Parents or guardians of children aged 6-9months, 36-47months, 5-9years and 10-14years in 2013 and 6-9months and 19-22months (corresponding to 6-9months range at the time of 2013 survey) in 2014 presenting to the outpatient department, were approached for participation, screened for eligibility and asked to provide informed consent. A questionnaire was administered and a blood sample collected for polio neutralization assay. Among subjects aged 6-9months in the 2013 survey, seroprevalence was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51-66%) to poliovirus type 1, 42% (95% CI 34-50%) to poliovirus type 2, and 52% (95% CI 44-60%) to poliovirus type 3. Among children 36-47months and older, seroprevalence was 85% or higher for all three serotypes. In 2014, seroprevalence in 6-9month infants was 72% (95% CI 65-79%) for type 1, 59% (95% CI 52-66%) for type 2, and 65% (95% CI 57-72%) for type 3 and in 19-22months, 80% (95% CI 74-85%), 57% (49-63%) and 78% (71-83%) respectively. Seroprevalence was positively associated with history of increasing oral poliovirus vaccine doses. There was significant improvement in seroprevalence in 2014 over the 2013 levels indicating a positive impact of recent programmatic interventions. However the continued low seroprevalence in 6-9month age is a concern and calls for improved immunization efforts to sustain the polio-free Nigeria. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

CU’s Department of Geological Sciences - Science Education Initiative Project (GEOL-SEI): A five-year plan for introducing and supporting an evidence-based and scientific approach to teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arthurs, L.; Budd, D. A.

2009-12-01

The Science Education Initiative (SEI) at the University of Colorado at Boulder was conceived in 2006 with the goal of improving science education at the undergraduate level by changing the basic approach to teaching in science departments. Five departments were selected on a competitive basis for participation in the SEI. The SEI is operating as a five year plan with funding of ~$1 million/year for the five departments. The goal of the SEI is to implement sustainable department-level change for an evidence-based and scientific approach to teaching. Among the five departments receiving funding for discipline-specific SEI projects is the Department of Geological Sciences (GEOL-SEI). The GEOL-SEI has worked to transform geology courses beginning with lower division large enrollment courses and moving towards upper division courses. They are transformed on the basis of existing research into how people learn, and they are characterized by the use of learning goals and effective instructional approaches. Furthermore, a natural component of the transformation towards evidence-based and scientific approaches to teaching is geocognition and geoscience education research. This research focuses on how students think about geologic concepts (e.g. misconceptions) and the effectiveness of different instructional approaches (e.g. the implementation of instructional technologies, peer learning activities, homework, and labs). The research is conducted by post-doctoral fellows (with PhDs in geology and pedagogical training) in collaboration with the instructional faculty members. The directorate of CU’s Science Education Initiative provides the fellows with training useful for conducting the research. Currently, into the 4th year of its 5-year plan, the GEOL-SEI is working towards publishing its findings and exploring options for sustaining various changes made to courses and new departmental programs that support student learning (e.g. GEOL Tutoring & Study Room).

Menstruation and menstrual hygiene amongst adolescent school girls in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria.

PubMed

Lawan, U M; Yusuf, Nafisa Wali; Musa, Aisha Bala

2010-09-01

This study examined the knowledge and practices of adolescent school girls in Kano, Nigeria around menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Data was collected quantitatively and analyzed using Epi info version 3.2.05. The mean age of the students was 14.4 +/- 1.2 years; majority was in their mid adolescence. The students attained menarche at 12.9 +/- 0.8 years. Majority had fair knowledge of menstruation, although deficient in specific knowledge areas. Most of them used sanitary pads as absorbent during their last menses; changed menstrual dressings about 1-5 times per day; and three-quarter increased the frequency of bathing. Institutionalizing sexuality education in Nigerian schools; developing and disseminating sensitive adolescent reproductive health massages targeted at both parents and their adolescent children; and improving access of the adolescents to youth friendly services are veritable means of meeting the adolescent reproductive health needs in Nigeria.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among patients attending infertility and sexually transmitted diseases clinic (STD) in Kano, North Western Nigeria.

PubMed

Nwankwo, E O; Sadiq, Magaji N

2014-09-01

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world with severe complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of C. trachomatis in Kano. There is dearth of information on this subject in this locality. Urine samples, Endocervical swabs and Urethral swab were collected from consecutive patients attending the Infertility and STD clinics in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) between June and December 2012, after administering a questionnaire by the attending physician and also obtaining an informed consent.Samples were analyzed using Diaspot Chlamydia kit, a rapid immunoassay test for the detection of genital chlamydial antigen in urinogenital samples. A total of 125 consecutive samples were collected, comprising 69 females and 56 males aged between 14 - 55 years. Twelve samples tested positive for C. trachomatis antigen giving a prevalence rate of 9.6%. The age group prevalence were as follows 25 - 29 yrs (17.1%), 20 - 24 (16.7%), 15 - 19 (12.5%), 30 - 34 (11.1%) and > 49 years (9.0%). Married patients were associated with higher infection rate than single (8.3%), and divorced patients (33.3%). A higher percentage of the patients (95.2%) were not aware of the existence of C. trachomatis infection and its complications. Previous STD exposure was associated with increased risk of Chlamydia infection. C. trachomatis infection if unchecked will continue to pose a threat to reproductive life with its established complications. Since asymptomatic cases are common in the population regular screening should be encouraged for every adult especially before commencement of marital life.

Disease pattern and social needs of street people in the race course area of Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Abdu, Lawan; Withers, James; Habib, Abdulrazaq G; Mijinyawa, Muhammad S; Yusef, Shehu M

2013-02-01

The study is aimed at examining street people on Race Course Street in Kano, Nigeria for prevalence of common diseases. Descriptive report. Institutional ethical approval was obtained. Information was obtained on age, sex, place of residence, drug habits, source of drinking water, toilet facility used, visual acuity, blood pressure, random blood sugar level, presence of skin diseases and physical disability. Sixty five subjects were examined and 7 declined. There were 16 males and 49 females (M:F=1:3). The mean age was 48 + 9.2 years. They were mainly widows, some live in the street and have no access to basic amenities and six use non-narcotic medicinal substances. Diseases observed are hypertension, visual problems, and trauma. Religious factors, socio-cultural factors, and lack of government policy leads to poor access to health care for street people.

OS033. Correlates of maternal health outcomes associated with a low-costintervention in secondary facilities across Kano state, Nigeria.

PubMed

Tukur, J; Ahonsi, B; Salisu, I; Oginni, A B; Okereke, E

2012-07-01

Nigeria has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world. Eclampsia is a major contributor to the deaths especially in Northern Nigeria where the culture of teenage marriage is common. Kano is the state with the highest population in Nigeria. Despite its effectiveness, magnesium sulphate was been used to treat eclampsia and severe preclampsia in only one of 35 general hospitals inthe state as at 2007. In 2008, magnesium sulphate was introduced in 10 General Hospitals in Kano state of Northern Nigeria in a Population Council project funded by the MacArthur Foundation. The aim of the study was to determine if the maternal outcomes improved. Doctors and midwives from the 10 hospitals were trained on the use of magnesium sulphate. The trained health workers later conducted step down trainings at their health facilities. Magnesium sulphate, treatment protocol, patella hammer and calcium gluconate were then supplied to the hospitals. Data was collected through structured data forms. The data was analysed using SPSS. Within a year of the project, 1045 patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were treated. The case fatality rate for severe preeclampsia and eclampsia fell from 20.9% (95% CI 18.7-23.2) recorded before the project to 2.3% (95%CI 1.5-3.5) after the project. The perinatal mortality rate in those that received magnesium sulphate was 12.3% (CI 10.4-14.5) while the 5min APGAR score for 72.9% of the babies was 7 or more. Training of health workers on updated evidence based interventions and providing an enabling environment for their practice are key components to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in developing countries. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The Menace of Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Schistosomiasis among Rural Communities in Kano State

PubMed Central

Dawaki, Salwa; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Ithoi, Init; Ibrahim, Jamaiah; Abdulsalam, Awatif M.; Ahmed, Abdulhamid; Sady, Hany; Nasr, Nabil A.; Atroosh, Wahib M.

2015-01-01

Background Schistosomiasis is one of the most common neglected tropical diseases, especially in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases of schistosomiasis worldwide. This community-based study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding schistosomiasis among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 551 participants from Hausa communities in five local government areas in Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information as well as KAP data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Moreover, faecal and urine samples were collected and examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium eggs respectively. Results The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium respectively, and 0.5% had co-infection of both species. Moreover, 74.5% of the participants had prior knowledge about schistosomiasis with 67.0% of them how it is transmitted and 63.8% having no idea about the preventive measures. Three-quarters of the respondents considered schistosomiasis a serious disease while their practices to prevent infections were still inadequate, with only 34.7% of them seeking treatment from clinics/hospitals. Significant associations between the KAP and age, gender, education and employment status were reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, history of infection and educational level of the respondents were the most important factors significantly associated with the KAP on schistosomiasis among this population. Conclusions Schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria and participants’ knowledge about the disease was poor. Mass drug administration, community mobilization and health education regarding the cause, transmission and

The Menace of Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Schistosomiasis among Rural Communities in Kano State.

PubMed

Dawaki, Salwa; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Ithoi, Init; Ibrahim, Jamaiah; Abdulsalam, Awatif M; Ahmed, Abdulhamid; Sady, Hany; Nasr, Nabil A; Atroosh, Wahib M

2015-01-01

Schistosomiasis is one of the most common neglected tropical diseases, especially in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases of schistosomiasis worldwide. This community-based study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding schistosomiasis among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 551 participants from Hausa communities in five local government areas in Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information as well as KAP data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Moreover, faecal and urine samples were collected and examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium eggs respectively. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium respectively, and 0.5% had co-infection of both species. Moreover, 74.5% of the participants had prior knowledge about schistosomiasis with 67.0% of them how it is transmitted and 63.8% having no idea about the preventive measures. Three-quarters of the respondents considered schistosomiasis a serious disease while their practices to prevent infections were still inadequate, with only 34.7% of them seeking treatment from clinics/hospitals. Significant associations between the KAP and age, gender, education and employment status were reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, history of infection and educational level of the respondents were the most important factors significantly associated with the KAP on schistosomiasis among this population. Schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria and participants' knowledge about the disease was poor. Mass drug administration, community mobilization and health education regarding the cause, transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis and education

Management of immunization solid wastes in Kano State, Nigeria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oke, I.A.

Inadequate management of waste generated from injection activities can have a negative impact on the community and environment. In this paper, a report on immunization wastes management in Kano State (Nigeria) is presented. Eight local governments were selected randomly and surveyed by the author. Solid wastes generated during the Expanded Programme on Immunization were characterised using two different methods: one by weighing the waste and the other by estimating the volume. Empirical data was obtained on immunization waste generation, segregation, storage, collection, transportation, and disposal; and waste management practices were assessed. The study revealed that immunization offices were accommodated inmore » either in local government buildings, primary health centres or community health care centres. All of the stations demonstrated a high priority for segregation of the infectious wastes. It can be deduced from the data obtained that infectious waste ranged from 67.6% to 76.7% with an average of 70.1% by weight, and 36.0% to 46.1% with an average of 40.1% by volume. Non-infectious waste generated ranged from 23.3% to 32.5% with an average of 29.9% by weight and 53.9% to 64.0% with an average of 59.9% by volume. Out of non-infectious waste (NIFW) and infectious waste (IFW), 66.3% and 62.4% by weight were combustible and 33.7% and 37.6% were non-combustible respectively. An assessment of the treatment revealed that open pit burning and burial and small scale incineration were the common methods of disposal for immunization waste, and some immunization centres employed the services of the state or local government owned solid waste disposal board for final collection and disposal of their immunization waste at government approved sites.« less

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG HAUSA COMMUNITIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA

PubMed Central

DAWAKI, Salwa; AL-MEKHLAFI, Hesham Mahyoub; ITHOI, Init; IBRAHIM, Jamaiah; ABDULSALAM, Awatif Mohammed; AHMED, Abdulhamid; SADY, Hany; ATROOSH, Wahib Mohammed; AL-AREEQI, Mona Abdullah; ELYANA, Fatin Nur; NASR, Nabil Ahmed; SURIN, Johari

2016-01-01

SUMMARY Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases especially in Nigeria which has the greatest number of infected people worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 551 participants from Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs using the formalin-ether sedimentation method while the urine samples were examined using the filtration technique for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.5% presenting co-infection with both species. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age < 18 years (OR = 2.13; 95% CI; 1.34- 3.41), presence of infected family members (OR = 3.98; 95% CI; 2.13-7.46), and history of infection (OR = 2.87; 95% CI; 1.87- 4.56) were the significant risk factors associated with schistosomiasis in these communities. In conclusion, this study revealed that schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria. Mass drug administration, health education and community mobilization are imperative strategies to significantly reduce the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis in these communities. PMID:27410914

The pattern and correlates of intimate partner violence among women in Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Tanimu, Tanko S; Yohanna, Stephen; Omeiza, Suleiman Y

2016-11-29

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been increasingly recognised as a major public health and human rights problem that cuts across all populations, irrespective of social, economic, religious or cultural groups. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, pattern and correlates of IPV among women attending the General Out Patient Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. It was also designed to determine the pattern of health complications associated with IPV as well as the perception of women on intimate partner violence. This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Three hundred and ninety-three women aged 15-49 years who were in or had ever been in an intimate relationship were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about their socio-demographic characteristics while information on IPV was obtained using the Composite Abuse Scale. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. The prevalence of IPV within the previous year was 42.0%. Of all the 393 participants recruited in the study, 46.6% had experienced emotional/psychological violence, harassment/controlling behaviour was present in 43.3%, physical violence was reported in 29.0%, sexual violence was present in 21.9% and 37.9% of the participants had experienced severe combined abuse. Being married (χ2 = 24.726, p = 0.000) and pregnancy reduced the risk of IPV (χ2= 6.690, p = 0.030), while polygamous family setting (χ2 = 9.734, p = 0.008) and an extended family type (χ2 = 9.593, p = 0.023) were associated with an increased risk of IPV. Alcohol consumption by the partner (p = 0.000, OR 2.335, CI 1.151-3.230) was found to be a positive correlate as well as a complication of IPV. Other patterns of health complications that were significantly associated with IPV were depression (p = 0.000, OR 3.517, CI 4.061-22.306), miscarriage (p = 0.004, OR 2.080, CI 1.591-2.269) and the presence

Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State.

PubMed

Dawaki, Salwa; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Ithoi, Init; Ibrahim, Jamaiah; Atroosh, Wahib M; Abdulsalam, Awatif M; Sady, Hany; Elyana, Fatin Nur; Adamu, Ado U; Yelwa, Saadatu I; Ahmed, Abdulhamid; Al-Areeqi, Mona A; Subramaniam, Lahvanya R; Nasr, Nabil A; Lau, Yee-Ling

2016-07-08

Malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, where Nigeria has the greatest number of malaria cases. This community-based study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on 551 participants from five local government areas in Kano State. Blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium species by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films, and PCR. Moreover, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental information as well as KAP data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 334 (60.6 %) participants were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum. The prevalence differed significantly by age group (p < 0.01), but not by gender or location. A multivariate analysis showed that malaria was associated significantly with being aged 12 years or older, having a low household family income, not using insecticide treated nets (ITNs), and having no toilets in the house. Overall, 95.6 % of the respondents had prior knowledge about malaria, and 79.7, 87.6 and 95.7 % of them knew about the transmission, symptoms, and prevention of malaria, respectively. The majority (93.4 %) of the respondents considered malaria a serious disease. Although 79.5 % of the respondents had at least one ITN in their household, utilization rate of ITNs was 49.5 %. Significant associations between the respondents' knowledge concerning malaria and their age, gender, education, and household monthly income were reported. Malaria is still highly prevalent among rural Hausa communities in Nigeria. Despite high levels of knowledge and attitudes in the study area, significant gaps persist in appropriate preventive practices, particularly the use of ITNs

Peritoneal dialysis vs. haemodialysis in the management of paediatric acute kidney injury in Kano, Nigeria: a cost analysis.

PubMed

Obiagwu, Patience N; Abdu, Aliyu

2015-01-01

To determine the cost of the dialytic management of paediatric acute kidney injury in a low-income country. All children under the age of 15 years, who had either peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis for acute kidney injury in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital over a 1-year period, were studied. The average cost of each dialysis modality was estimated. Of 20 children, who had dialysis for acute kidney injury, 12 (60%) had haemodialysis and 8 (40%) had peritoneal dialysis. The mean cost for haemodialysis exceeded that of peritoneal dialysis ($363.33 vs. $311.66, t = 1.04, P = 0.313) with the mean cost of consumables significantly accounting for most of the cost variation ($248.49 vs. $164.73, t = 2.91, P = 0.009). Mean costs of nephrologist visit and nursing were not found to be significant. Peritoneal dialysis is the less costly alternative for managing acute kidney injury in children in our environment. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Reliability and validity of Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND), and development of its revised scale assessing the psychosocial acceptability of smoking among university students.

PubMed

Kitada, Masako; Musashi, Manabu; Kano, Masato

2011-08-01

To examine reliability and validity of Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND), a scale assessing the psychosocial acceptability of smoking, and to develop a new version when validity or reliability of KTSND was not acceptable. We carried out a self-administered cross-sectional survey on undergraduate university students. The participants completed the KTSND, and supplemented three questions on the attitudes toward tobacco control policies and smoking states. Using daily smokers, we examined the relationship between the KTSND and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). In each study, we examined test-retest reliability and construct validity, discriminant and convergent validity, and factor validity. Although the KTSND had high internal consistency (Cronbach's a 0.82) and high test-retest reliability (r=0.72), the results of factor analysis were unacceptable; we expected three factors to be extracted, however, only two factors of "Overestimate of smoking usefulness" and "Allege smoking as a taste and/or culture" were extracted. Using the Kano's Test for Assessing Acceptability of Smoking (KTAAS), the new version of KTSND in which a question was replaced with another one, the third factor of "Neglect of harm of tobacco smoking" was extracted adding to the above-mentioned two. KTAAS had also both high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) and test-retest reliability (r=0.66). Overall, the KTSND and the KTAAS score differed according to smoking states, and the nonsmokers' scores were the lowest. The KTSND was a popular questionnaire in Japan, however, its validity assessed using factor analysis was not acceptable, while KTAAS had sufficient reliability and validity, and might assess the cognition and attitude affirming or accepting tobacco smoking among university students.

Application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method and kano model to redesign fresh fruit bunches sorting tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anizar; Siregar, I.; Yahya, I.; Yesika, N.

2018-02-01

The activity of lowering fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from truck to sorting floor is performed manually by workers using a sorting tool. Previously, the sorting tool used is a pointed iron bar with a T-shaped handle. Changes made to the sorting tool causes several complaints on worker and affect the time to lower the fruit. The purpose of this article is to obtain the design of an FFB sorting tool that suits the needs of these workers by applying the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Kano Model methods. Both of the two methods will be integrated to find the design that matches workers’ image and psychological feeling. The main parameters are to obtain the customer requirements of the palm fruit loading workers, to find the most important technical characteristics and critical part affecting the quality of the FFB sorting tool. The customer requirements of the palm loading workers are the following : the color of the coating paint is gray, the bar material is made of stainless pipe, the main grip coating material is made of grip, the tip material is made of the spring steel, the additional grip is made of rubber and the handle is of triangular shape.

Gender differences in the use of insecticide-treated nets after a universal free distribution campaign in Kano State, Nigeria: post-campaign survey results.

PubMed

Garley, Ashley E; Ivanovich, Elizabeth; Eckert, Erin; Negroustoueva, Svetlana; Ye, Yazoume

2013-04-10

Recent expansion in insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution strategies range from targeting pregnant women and children under five and distributing ITN at antenatal care and immunization programmes, to providing free distribution campaigns to cover an entire population. These changes in strategy raise issues of disparities, such as equity of access and equality in ITN use among different groups, including females and males. Analysis is needed to assess the effects of gender on uptake of key malaria control interventions. A recent post-universal free ITN distribution campaign survey in Kano State, Nigeria offered an opportunity to look at gender effects on ITN use. A post-campaign survey was conducted three to five months after the campaign in Kano State, Nigeria from 19 October to 4 November, 2009, on a random sample of 4,602 individuals. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire adapted from the Malaria Indicator Survey. Using binary logistic regression, controlling for several covariates, the authors assessed gender effects on ITN use among individuals living in households with at least one ITN. The survey showed that household ITN ownership increased more than 10-fold, from 6% before to 71% after the campaign. There was no significant difference between the proportion of females and males living in households with at least one ITN. However, a higher percentage of females used ITNs compared to males (57.2% vs 48.8%). After controlling for several covariates, females remained more likely to use ITNs compared to males (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.7). Adolescent boys remained the least likely group to use an ITN. This study reveals gender disparity in ITN use, with males less likely to use ITNs particularly among ages 15-25 years. The uptake of the intervention among the most at-risk group (females) is higher than males, which may be reflective of earlier strategies for malaria interventions. Further research is needed to identify whether gender disparities

Non-linear assessment and deficiency of linear relationship for healthcare industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nordin, N.; Abdullah, M. M. A. B.; Razak, R. C.

2017-09-01

This paper presents the development of the non-linear service satisfaction model that assumes patients are not necessarily satisfied or dissatisfied with good or poor service delivery. With that, compliment and compliant assessment is considered, simultaneously. Non-linear service satisfaction instrument called Kano-Q and Kano-SS is developed based on Kano model and Theory of Quality Attributes (TQA) to define the unexpected, hidden and unspoken patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction into service quality attribute. A new Kano-Q and Kano-SS algorithm for quality attribute assessment is developed based satisfaction impact theories and found instrumentally fit the reliability and validity test. The results were also validated based on standard Kano model procedure before Kano model and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is integrated for patient attribute and service attribute prioritization. An algorithm of Kano-QFD matrix operation is developed to compose the prioritized complaint and compliment indexes. Finally, the results of prioritized service attributes are mapped to service delivery category to determine the most prioritized service delivery that need to be improved at the first place by healthcare service provider.

The development of an integrated Indonesian health care model using Kano's model, quality function deployment and balanced scorecard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jonny, Zagloed, Teuku Yuri M.

2017-11-01

This paper aims to present an integrated health care model for Indonesian health care industry. Based on previous researches, there are two health care models in the industry such as decease- and patient-centered care models. In their developments, the patient-centered care model is widely applied due to its capability in reducing cost and improving quality simultaneously. However, there is still no comprehensive model resulting in cost reduction, quality improvement, patient satisfaction and hospital profitability simultaneously. Therefore, this research is intended to develop that model. In doing so, first, a conceptual model using Kano's Model, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is developed to generate several important elements of the model as required by stakeholders. Then, a case study of an Indonesian hospital is presented to evaluate the validity of the model using correlation analysis. As a result, it can be concluded that the model is validated implying several managerial insights among its elements such as l) leadership (r=0.85) and context of the organization (r=0.77) improve operations; 2) planning (r=0.96), support process (r=0.87) and continual improvement (r=0.95) also improve operations; 3) operations improve customer satisfaction (r=0.89) and financial performance (r=0.93) and 4) customer satisfaction improves the financial performance (0.98).

Low back pain in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic: The Aminu Kano teaching hospital experience.

PubMed

Usman, Mustapha Ibrahim; Abubakar, Muhammad Kabir; Muhammad, Shamsuddeen; Rabiu, Ayyuba; Garba, Ibrahim

2017-01-01

The profound physiologic effects of pregnancy affect the musculoskeletal system. Pregnant women are at increased risks of low back/pelvic girdle pains. To determine the incidence of low back/pelvic girdle pains among pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2016, among consenting pregnant women at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Ethical approval was obtained from the Hospital Ethics Committee. Information was obtained in a questionnaire on consecutive pregnant women. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2012). Fisher's exact test was used for categorical data, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 309 pregnant women were recruited from May 1 to June 30, 2016. The mean age ± standard deviation was 28.4 ± 5.86 years. The incidence of low back pains (LBPs) and pelvic girdle pains among the pregnant women was 106 (34.3%) and 178 (57.6%), respectively. The pain was severe among 26 (9.2%) pregnant women, which warranted analgesic usage. Pain radiation was reported in> 50% of cases. There was an incidental finding of urinary incontinence in 36 (12.6%) cases. Low back/pelvic girdle pain was not associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.390). The incidence of LBPs and pelvic girdle pains was high and found to be 34.3% and 57.6%, respectively. Analgesics were used especially among those with severe pains. There was an incidental finding of urinary incontinence among pregnant women with complaints of low back/pelvic girdle pains. There was no statistically significant association between LBPs and maternal BMI.

Life Underneath the Deccan Trap: New Insights from Stable C, O and Clumped Isotopes from the Cretaceous Stromatolites Underneath the Amba Dongar Carbonatite Body, Gujarat, Western India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banerjee, Y.; Ghosh, P.; Fosu, B. R.; Viladkar, S.

2016-12-01

is underway while this abstract is written. Details will be presented at the conference. Reference (1) Ray et al., (2003) Int. Geol Rev, 45:857-862.; [2] Verma , K. K.(1971) Jour. Ind. Geol. Asso.12: 37- 40; [3] Viladkar, S.G (1981)Bull Geol Soc Fin 53:17-28; [4] Tandon et al. (1995) PPP, 117:153-184; [5] Veizer et al. (1999) Chem Geol 161.1: 59-88.

Surface Characterization and Direct Bioelectrocatalysis of Multicopper Oxidases (POSTPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

4620. [29] M. Tarasevich, V. Bogdanovskaya, A. Kapustin, Electrochem. Commun. 5 (2003) 491. [30] S. Tsujimura , Y. Kamitaka, K. Kano, Fuel Cells 7 (2007...463. [31] S. Tsujimura , K. Kano, T. Ikeda, J. Electroanal. Chem. 576 (2005) 113. [32] S. Varfolomeev, I. Kurochkin, A. Yaropolov, Biosens...L. Rulisek, E. Solomon, U. Ryde, Inorg. Chem. 44 (2005) 5612. [42] S. Tsujimura , H. Tatsumi, J. Ogawa, S. Shimizu, K. Kano, T. Ikeda, J. Electroanal

The role of water vendors in water service delivery in developing countries: a case of Dala local government, Kano, Nigeria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, Muhammad Tajuri

2017-06-01

In Nigeria, more than 60 million people are required to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target for improved water by 2015 and is unlikely to be achieved only by public supply. To cover these water availability gaps water vendors exist and ignoring their role is potentially deceptive. The aim of this paper is to assess the role of water vendors in meeting these peoples' need and elicit household's willingness-to-pay for improved supply. The research includes cross-sectional mixed method in which questionnaire survey was performed to 218 households; and interviews and focus group discussion were conducted with water vendors. Findings reveal that water vendors supplied most households irrespective of season. Retail vendors buy 25 l at ₦4.00 (0.013) from wholesale vendors and resale at ₦20.08 (0.07) during dry and at ₦14.02 (0.05) in wet season. The price is 28 and 40 times the cost of in-house connection from Kano State Water Board (KNSWB) during rainy and dry season, respectively. Vendors who buy from hand-dug wells pay ₦100.00 (0.33) per day and draw as much water within that day. Furthermore, willingness-to-pay for in-house connection was elicited as ₦367.00 (1.20), lower than monthly flat fixed tariff set by KNSWB. The study recommends recognizing vendors formally in form of public private partnership so that technical and financial support be given, thus their activities and charges be regulated. People's perception on water should be changed through education and enlightening. Further research should focus on estimating total volume of water supplied by water vendors.

HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among men having sex with men in Nigeria.

PubMed

Merrigan, Mike; Azeez, Aderemi; Afolabi, Bamgboye; Chabikuli, Otto Nzapfurundi; Onyekwena, Obinna; Eluwa, George; Aiyenigba, Bolatito; Kawu, Issa; Ogungbemi, Kayode; Hamelmann, Christoph

2011-02-01

To evaluate HIV and syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria, and assess their HIV-related risk behaviours and exposure to HIV prevention interventions. Cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling conducted in Lagos, Kano and Cross River states, Nigeria, between July and September 2007. A total of 879 MSM participated, 293 from each state. Eight participants (1.1%, CI 0.1% to 2.2%) in Cross River, 27 (9.3%, CI 5.7% to 15.4%) in Kano and 74 (17.4%, CI 12.3% to 23.2%) in Lagos tested positive for HIV. No syphilis was detected. The median age was 22 years. MSM reported an average of 4.2 male anal sex partners in the past 6 months. Between 24.4% (Lagos) and 36.0% (Kano) of MSM reported selling sex to other men. Up to 49.7% of MSM reported sex with a girlfriend and ≤ 6.5% purchased sex from female sex workers. Consistent condom use in commercial sex with other men over the past 6 months ranged from 28.0% (Cross River) to 34.3% (Kano), in contrast to between 23.9% (Kano) and 45.8% (Lagos) for non-commercial sex. Associations with HIV positivity included age in the three states, having been the receptive partner in anal sex in the past 6 months in Lagos and in Lagos and Kano feeling at risk of HIV. Large differentials in HIV prevalence between states together with high mobility, inconsistent condom use and behavioural links with female sex partners, have the potential for further HIV transmission within MSM networks, and between MSM and the general population.

Knowledge and utilization of contraceptive devices among unmarried undergraduate students of a tertiary institution in Kano State, Nigeria 2016.

PubMed

Ahmed, Zainab Datti; Sule, Ibrahim Baffa; Abolaji, Mohammed Lukman; Mohammed, Yahaya; Nguku, Patrick

2017-01-01

Students in the universities mostly live independently from their parents or guardians, some of them for the first time. This gives them freedom and opportunity for high risk behavior such as unplanned and unprotected sex. The results of such sexual experimentation may include unplanned and or unwanted pregnancies that may lead to unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. Contraception has the potential to prevent unwanted pregnancies, abortion, and STIs. This study aimed at assessing the general knowledge on contraceptives, sexual practices, and level of utilization of contraceptives devices among unmarried students of the Bayero University Kano. We did an institutional based cross-sectional descriptive study. We administered a pretested, self-administered, structured questionnaire to randomly selected unmarried undergraduate students of the institution. We analyzed data using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi-info7. A total of 300 students were interviewed. The median age for respondents was 23 years with an age range of 16-25 years. Male respondents made up 61.3% (184) while the females made up the remaining 38.7% (116). Also, 158(47.33%) of respondents lived outside the school campus, while 158(52.67%) lived in the school hostels. Knowledge on contraception was 87.7% among respondents with internet (91%) and media (89.3%) as the commonest sources of knowledge. Proportion of sexually active students was 10.67%, while prevalence of contraceptive utilization among sexually active students was 15.63%. About 8(25%) had their sexual debut at < 16years of age, 22(68.75%) at ages between 16-20years, and 4(12.5%) above 20years of age. All sexually active respondents practice vaginal sex. Most sexual debuts were planned (44.75 %) and with friends (86.4%), and they occurred between the ages of 16-20years age group in 70.3% of respondents. Even though knowledge on contraceptive used was high among the respondents, utilization of

Revised Calculated Volumes Of Individual Shield Volcanoes At The Young End Of The Hawaiian Ridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, J. E.; Eakins, B. W.

2003-12-01

Recent, high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and a digital elevation model of the Hawaiian Islands allow us to recalculate Bargar and Jackson's [1974] volumes of coalesced volcanic edifices (Hawaii, Maui-Nui, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau) and individual shield volcanoes at the young end of the Hawaiian Ridge, taking into account subsidence of the Pacific plate under the load of the volcanoes as modeled by Watts and ten Brink [1989]. Our volume for the Island of Hawaii (2.48 x105 km3) is twice the previous estimate (1.13 x105 km3), due primarily to crustal subsidence, which had not been accounted for in the earlier work. The volcanoes that make up the Hawaii edifice (Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Loihi) are generally considered to have formed within the past million years and our revised volume for Hawaii indicates that either magma-supply rates are greater than previously estimated (0.25 km3/yr as opposed to 0.1 km3/yr) or that Hawaii's volcanoes have erupted over a longer period of time (>1 million years). Our results also indicate that magma supply rates have increased dramatically to build the Hawaiian edifices: the average rate of the past 5 million years (0.096 km3/yr) is substantially greater than the overall average of the Hawaiian Ridge (0.018km3/yr) or Emperor Seamounts (0.012 km3/yr) as calculated by Bargar and Jackson, and that rates within the past million years are greater still (0.25 km3/yr). References: Bargar, K. E., and Jackson, E. D., 1974, Calculated volumes of individual shield volcanoes along the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain, Jour. Research U.S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 545-550. Watts, A. B., and ten Brink, U. S., 1989, Crustal structure, flexure, and subsidence history of the Hawaiian Islands, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 94, No. B8, p. 10,473-10,500.

Post diagnosis reaction, perceived stigma and sexual behaviour of HIV/AIDS patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Zubairu; Abubakar, Isa S; Musa, Babashani; Aliyu, Muktar H

2011-01-01

The process of becoming aware of one's serostatus, immediate and delayed responses of the individual, family and community have profound implications on health seeking behaviour of PLWHAs especially in developing countries. We investigated post-diagnosis reactions, disclosure, perceived stigmatization and sexual behaviour of PLWHAs in northern Nigeria. A triangulation of methods consisting of structured interviewer questionnaire administered on 205 respondents and two Focus Group Discussions with PLWHAs receiving care at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital was used. HIV serodiagnosis, immediate and delayed reaction to serostatus and responses of family, friends and community members were elicited in addition to perceived stigma and sexual behaviour. Overall, 111 (54.1%) of the 205 patients were counseled before being tested for HIV infection. Majority of women 59 (51.8%) were tested and informed during antenatal care or 46 (40.4%) following diagnostic workup for symptoms related to AIDS. Most men 69 (75.8%) came to know during diagnostic workup or as part of screening for blood transfusion 5 (5.5%). Up to 37.2% of the respondents had kept their serostatus secret. Disclosures were more likely to mothers (51.9%), sisters (31.0%), brothers (11.0%) and spouses (6.1%). Of all respondents, 149 (72.6%) said they were shocked, afraid, angry and sad while 29 (14.1%) reported being indifferent. A higher proportion of females 68 (59.7%) were shocked, sad and angry than males 36 (39.6%) (P<0.05). Significant reductions occurred over time in the proportion of patients that were sad, afraid and shocked (P<0.05). A higher proportion of mothers (67.0%), sisters (44.2%), friends of the same sex (37.1%), father (27.5%) and spouse (23.7%) were perceived to be sympathetic compared to others (P<0.05). Forty-five (21 .9%) of the respondents were discriminated against. Of this, 22 (48.9%) happened at home, 18 (40.0%) in the workplace and the remaining 17 (37.8%) among friends. Of 85 (41

A comparison between urban livestock production strategies in Burkina Faso, Mali and Nigeria in West Africa.

PubMed

Amadou, Hamadoun; Dossa, Luc Hippolyte; Lompo, Désiré Jean-Pascal; Abdulkadir, Aisha; Schlecht, Eva

2012-10-01

We undertook a comparative analysis of (peri-)urban livestock production strategies across three West African cities. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, livestock-keeping households (HH) were interviewed in Kano/Nigeria (84 HH), Bobo Dioulasso/Burkina Faso (63 HH) and Sikasso/Mali (63 HH). Questions covered livestock species kept, herd sizes and structure, feeds used, manure management, livestock marketing and production constraints. Sheep and goats dominated (p < 0.001) in Kano (76 and 75 % of HH) compared to Bobo Dioulasso (48 and 40 %) and Sikasso (28 and 40 %), while cattle and poultry were more frequent (p < 0.001) in Bobo Dioulasso (82 and 69 % of HH) and Sikasso (65 and 79 %) than in Kano (29 and 20 %). Across cities, ruminant feeding relied on grazing and homestead supplementation with fresh grasses, crop residues, cereal brans and cottonseed cake; cereal grains and brans were major ingredients of poultry feeds. Cattle and sheep fetched highest prices in Kano, unit prices for goats and chicken were highest in Sikasso. Across cities there was little association of gardens and livestock, whereas field cropping and livestock were integrated. There was no relation between the education of the HH head and the adoption of improved management practices (p > 0.05), but the proportion of HH heads with a long-term experience in UPA activities was higher in Kano and in Bobo Dioulasso than in Sikasso (p < 0.001). We therefore postulate that the high illiteracy rate among (peri-)urban livestock keepers in West Africa does not threaten the acceptance of improved technologies and innovations supporting the sustainability of their livestock production.

Incremental fold tests of remagnetized carbonate rocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Der Voo, R.; van der Pluijm, B.

2017-12-01

Many unmetamorphosed carbonates all over the world are demonstrably remagnetized, with the age of the secondary magnetizations typically close to that of the nearest orogeny in space and time. This observation did not become compelling until the mid-1980's, when the incremental fold test revealed the Appalachian carbonates to carry a syn-deformational remanence of likely Permian age (Scotese et al., 1982, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., v. 30, p. 385-395; Cederquist et al., 2006, Tectonophysics v. 422, p. 41-54). Since that time scores of Appalachian and Rocky Mountain carbonate rocks have added results to the growing database of paleopoles representing remagnetizations. Late Paleozoic remagnetizations form a cloud of results surrounding the reference poles of the Laurentian APWP. Remagnetizations in other locales and with inferred ages coeval with regional orogenies (e.g., Taconic, Sevier/Laramide, Variscan, Indosinian) are also ubiquitous. To be able to transform this cornucopia into valuable anchor-points on the APWP would be highly desirable. This may indeed become feasible, as will be explained next. Recent studies of faulted and folded carbonate-shale sequences have shown that this deformation enhances the illitization of smectite (Haines & van der Pluijm, 2008, Jour. Struct. Geol., v. 30, p. 525-538; Fitz-Diaz et al., 2014, International Geol. Review, v. 56, p. 734-755). 39Ar-40Ar dating of the authigenic illite (neutralizing any detrital illite contribution by taking the intercept of a mixing line) yields, therefore, the age of the deformation. We know that this date is also the age of the syndeformational remanence; thus we have the age of the corresponding paleopole. Results so far are obtained for the Canadian and U.S. Rocky Mountains and for the Spanish Cantabrian carbonates (Tohver et al., 2008, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 274, p. 524-530) and make good sense in accord with geological knowledge. Incremental fold tests are the tools used for this

An Assessment of Willingness To Pay by Maize and Groundnut Farmers for Aflatoxin Biocontrol Product in Northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Ayedun, Bamikole; Okpachu, Godwin; Manyong, Victor; Atehnkeng, Joseph; Akinola, Adebayo; Abu, G A; Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit; Abdoulaye, Tahirou

2017-09-01

In Nigeria, Aflasafe is a registered biological product for reducing aflatoxin infestation of crops from the field to storage, making the crops safer for consumption. The important questions are whether farmers will purchase and apply this product to reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops, and if so under what conditions. A study was carried out to address these questions and assess determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for the product among maize and groundnut farmers in Kano and Kaduna states in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 492 farmers. The majority of farmers who had direct experience with Aflasafe (experienced farmers) in Kano (80.7%) and Kaduna (84.3%) had a WTP bid value equal to or greater than the threshold price ($10) at which Aflasafe was to be sold. The mean WTP estimates for Aflasafe for experienced farmers in Kano and Kaduna were statistically the same. However, values of $3.56 and $7.46 were offered in Kano and Kaduna states, respectively, by farmers who had never applied Aflasafe (inexperienced farmers), and the difference here was significant (P < 0.01). Regression results indicate that contact with extension agents (P < 0.01) and access to credit (P < 0.05) positively and significantly influenced the probability that a farmer would be willing to pay more for Aflasafe than the threshold price. Lack of awareness of the importance of Aflasafe was the major reason cited by inexperienced farmers (64% in Kano state and 21% in Kaduna state) for not using the product. A market strategy promoting a premium price for aflatoxin-safe produce and creating awareness and explaining the availability of Aflasafe to potential users should increase Aflasafe usage.

Evaluation of Selected Subacute Effects of the Nitrotoluene Group of Munitions Compounds on Fish and Potential Use in Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

largemouth bass", Jour. Wildlife Management 22:40-44 (1958). Gardner, G.R. and Yevich, P.P., "Toxicological effects on cadmium on Fundulers heteroclitus... Qaulity Engineering Report No. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, pp 25 (1977). Henson, E.V., "Toxicology of some aliphatic ketones", Jour. of Occupational Med

Identifying radiological needs of referring clinicians.

PubMed

Zhang, Li; Hefke, Antje; Figiel, Jens; Schwarz, Ulrike; Rominger, Marga; Klose, Klaus Jochen

2013-06-01

To provide prospective information about quality- and satisfaction-related product features in radiology, a customer-centered approach for acquiring clinicians' requirements and their prioritizations is essential. We introduced the Kano model for the first time in radiology to obtain such information. A Kano questionnaire, consisting of pairs of questions regarding 13 clinician requirements related to computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) access and report turnaround time (RTT), was developed and administered. Each requirement was assigned a Kano category, and its satisfaction and dissatisfaction coefficients were calculated and presented in a Kano diagram. The data were stratified based on different clinics and on staff and resident clinicians. The time interval was evaluated between the completion of an examination and the first attempt to access the report by a clinician. Consultation for modality selection and scheduling and access to CT within 24 h and RTT within 8 to 24 h were considered as must-be requirements. Access to CT within 4 h and within 8 h, access to MRI within 8 h and within 24 h, and access to RTT within 4 h were one-dimensional requirements. The extension of operation time for CT or MRI, as well as MRI access within 4 h, was considered attractive. Eight out of nine clinics considered RTT within 8 h as a must-be requirement. There were differences in responses both among different clinics and between staff and resident clinicians. Access attempts to reports by clinicians in the first 4 h after the examination completion accounted for 65 % of CTs and 49 % of MRIs.

Influence of packaging information on consumer liking of chocolate milk.

PubMed

Kim, M K; Lopetcharat, K; Drake, M A

2013-08-01

Chocolate milk varies widely in flavor, color, and viscosity, and liking is influenced by these properties. Additionally, package labels (declared fat content) and brand are some of the extrinsic factors that may influence consumer perception. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of packaging labels and brand name on consumer liking and purchase intent of chocolate milk. A consumer acceptance test, conjoint analysis survey, and Kano analysis were conducted. One hundred eight consumers evaluated 7 chocolate milks with and without brand or package information in a 2-d crossover design. A conjoint analysis survey and Kano analysis were conducted after the consumer acceptance test. Results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and multivariate analyses. Declared fat content and brand influenced overall liking and purchase intent for chocolate milks to differing degrees. A subsequent conjoint analysis (n=250) revealed that fat content was a driver of choice for purchasing chocolate milk followed by sugar content and brand. Brand name was less important for purchase intent of chocolate milk than fat or sugar content. Among fat content of chocolate milk, 2 and 1% fat level were most appealing to consumers, and reduced sugar and regular sugar were equally important for purchase intent. Kano analysis confirmed that fat content (whole milk, 1, or 2% fat chocolate milk) was an attractive attribute for consumer satisfaction, more so than brand. Organic labeling did not affect the purchase decision of chocolate milk; however, Kano results revealed that having an organic label on a package positively influenced consumer satisfaction. Findings from this study can help chocolate milk producers as well as food marketers better target their product labels with attributes that drive consumer choice of chocolate milk. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimating the number of male sex workers with the capture-recapture technique in Nigeria.

PubMed

Adebajo, Sylvia B; Eluwa, George I; Tocco, Jack U; Ahonsi, Babatunde A; Abiodun, Lolade Y; Anene, Oliver A; Akpona, Dennis O; Karlyn, Andrew S; Kellerman, Scott

2013-12-01

Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large population of MSM-SW in 3 Nigerian cities where higher HIV prevalence among MSM compared to the general population has been documented. Research and programming are needed to better understand and address the health vulnerabilities that MSM-SW and their clients face.

Consumer knowledge and attitudes toward nutritional labels.

PubMed

Cannoosamy, Komeela; Pugo-Gunsam, Prity; Jeewon, Rajesh

2014-01-01

To determine Mauritian consumers' attitudes toward nutritional labels based on the Kano model and to identify determinants of the use and understanding of nutrition labels. The researchers also used a Kano model questionnaire to determine consumers' attitudes toward nutrition labeling. Four hundred consumers residing in Mauritius. Information was elicited via a questionnaire that assessed nutritional knowledge and information about the use and understanding of nutritional labels and demographic factors. Nutritional label use and understanding, nutrition knowledge, and association of demographic factors with label use. Statistical tests performed included 1-way ANOVA and independent samples t tests. Statistically significant relationships (P < .05) were found for nutritional knowledge and nutritional label usage with demographic factors. All demographic factors with the exception of gender were significantly associated (P < .05) with nutritional label understanding. Based on the outcome of the Kano survey, calorie content, trans fat content, protein content, and cholesterol content were found to be must-be attributes: that is, attributes that, when not present, result in consumer dissatisfaction. Age, education, income, household size, and nutrition knowledge had an impact on nutritional label use. Health promoters should aim to increase the use of nutritional labels. Copyright © 2014 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Peligros de deslizamientos [Landslide Hazards

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2000-01-01

Deslizamientos, flujos de escombrera y desastres geológicos similares provenientes de volcanes ocurren alrededor del mundo. Cada año estos desastres causan billones de dólares en pérdidas y un sinnúmero de fatalidades y heridos. El primer paso para reducir los efectos dañinos causados por estos desastres es el conocimiento y educación acerca de ellos. El Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos se dedica a educar una gran cantidad de personas a través de información e investigaciones acerca de peligros geológicos. Este documento está publicado en inglés y español y puede ser reproducido de cualquier forma para fomentar su distribución.

Selected Translations of Abstracts in Referativnyy Zhurnal - Biologiya, No. 6, 1959.

DTIC Science & Technology

1959-01-01

l/l CZECHOSLOVAKIA/Virology - Viruses of Man and Animals. E The Virus of Infectious Mononucleosis . Abs Jour : Ref Zhur Biol., No 6, 1959, 23852...Author : Kouba, Karel; Mencikova, Eva; Vyberna, Marie Title : About the Etiology of Infectious Mononucleosis . ■Orle Pub : Casop. lekaru ceskych...CZECSOSLOVAKIA/VIrolOßy - Viruses of Man and Animals, . The Virus of Infectious Mononucleosis . Abs Jour Author Inst Title Ref Zhur Diol., No 6, 1959, 23853

Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) Verification, Validation, Evaluation, and Testing (VVE&T) Bibliography: Topical Categorization

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

Different?," Jour. of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Special Issue on Al for Systems Validation and Verification, 12(4), 2000, pp...Hamilton, D., " Experiences in Improving the State of Practice in Verification and Validation of Knowledge-Based Systems," Workshop Notes of the AAAI...Unsuspected Power of the Standard Turing Test," Jour. of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence., 12, 2000, pp3 3 1-3 4 0 . [30] Gaschnig

Coupled LBM-DEM Three-phase Simulation on Seepage of CO2 Stored under the Seabed.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kano, Y.; Sato, T.

2017-12-01

Concerning the seepage of CO2 stored in a subsea formation, CO2 bubble/droplet rises to the sea-surface dissolving into the seawater, and the acidification of local seawater will be a problem. Previous research indicated that seepage rate and bubble size significantly affect its behaviour (Kano et al., 2009; Dewar et al., 2013). On the other hand, Kawada's experiments (2014) indicated that grain size affects formation of gas channels and bubbles through granular media. CO2 seepage through marine sediments probably shows similar behaviour. Additionally, such mobilisation and displacement of sand grains by gas migration may also cause capillary fracturing of CO2 in the reservoir and seal. To predict these phenomena, it is necessary to reveal three-phase behaviour of gas-water-sediment grains. We built gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow 3D simulator by coupling LBM-DEM program, and simulation results showed that the mobilisation of sand grain forms gas channels and affects bubble formation compared with that through solid porous media (Kano and Sato, 2017). In this presentation, we will report simulation results on effects of porosity, grain size and gas flow rate on the formation of gas channels and bubble and their comparison with laboratory experimental data. The results indicate that porosity and grain size of sand gravels affect the width of formed gas channels and resulting formed bubble size on the order of supposed seepage rate in the CO2 storage and that in most of experiment's conditions. References: Abe, S., Place, D., Mora, P., 2004. Pure. Appl. Geophys., 161, 2265-2277. (accessed Aug 01, 2017). Dewar, M., Wei, W., McNeil, D., Chen, B., 2013. Marine Pollution Bulletin 73(2), 504-515. Kano, Y., Sato, T., Kita, J., Hirabayashi, S., Tabeta, S., 2009. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 3(5), 617-625. Kano, Y. and Sato, T., 2017. In Proceeding of GHGT-13, Lausanne, Switzerland, Nov. 14-18, 2016. Kawada, R. 2014. Graduation thesis. Faculty of Engineering, The

Basic Studies in Plasma Physics

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-31

Process in One Dimension, (with B. Derrida and E. Speer), Jour. Stat. Phys., 1997, to appear. [16] Comment on "Phase Separation in Two-Dimensional Fluids...Short version to appear in January 1997 in Physics Today ; the long version is to appear in Jour. Stat. Phys., 87, 463-468, 1997. [25] Microscopic...SIAM J. Math. Anal. 27, 110-134, 1996. [31] Microscopic-Shock Profiles: Exact Solution of a Non-Equilibrium System, (with B. Derrida , S. Janowsky and

The JEDBURGHS: Combat Operations Conducted in the Finistere Region of Brittany, France from July-September 1944

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

commence large scale operations on 2 August 1944. Napoleon’s hat was the local name of a famous rose-red granite rock at the holiday resort of Perros ...SFHQ that the BBC message authorizing large-scale attacks on the Germans in Brittany be "Le Chapeau de Napoleon est-il 40 TouJours a Perros -Guirec...Napoleon eat-il touJours a Perros -Guirec?" Francis, along with teams Hilary, Horace, and Gilbert, (discussed later In Chapters 7, 6, and 5

HIV status of partners of HIV positive pregnant women in different regions of Nigeria: matters arising.

PubMed

Sagay, A S; Onakewhor, J; Galadanci, H; Emuveyan, E E

2006-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the pattern of HIV sero-status of Partners of HIV Positive Pregnant Women in three different regions of Nigeria and to explore the implications for HIV prevention interventions. The Site Coordinators of PMTCT programs in three Nigerian cities obtained data of the HIV status of the partners of HIV positive pregnant women. The selection of Benin City, Jos and Kano was made after consideration of their ethnic, religious and cultural representation of Nigeria. Benin City represents a traditional southern Nigeria city, Kano a traditional northern city and Jos, a middle-belt, ethnically diverse cosmopolitan setting. The data were analyzed using frequencies. A total of 500 partners of HIV infected pregnant women were tested for HIV using Determine Abbott test kits. Positive results were confirmed using Western blot or a second rapid test kit. The city-by-city results showed that in Benin City (Southern Nigeria), 78.8% (104/132) of the partners were HIV negative (sero-discordant), Jos (Middle-Belt) had 48.4% (103/213) sero-discordance while Kano (Northern Nigeria) recorded a sero-discordance rate of only 7.7% (12/155). These results indicate that the dynamics of HIV transmission in marital settings in Nigeria are different in the various regions of the country. Socio-cultural and religious settings play a significant role in HIV transmission among couples. These findings should guide prevention interventions in order to achieve maximal impact.

Torsion d'annexe en cours de grossesse: à propos d'un cas à l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Cameroun

PubMed Central

Fouedjio, Jeanne Hortence; Fouogue, Jovanny Tsuala; Fouelifack, Florent Ymele; Nangue, Charlette; Sando, Zacharie; Enow Mbu, Robinson

2014-01-01

Les kystes ovariens sont dans la majorité des cas asymptomatiques et peuvent être de découverte fortuite lors d'une échographie. Ils ne deviennent symptomatiques que lorsque survient une complication. Nous présentons un cas de torsion d'annexe gauche diagnostiqué à 8 semaines et 4 jours de grossesse. Nous avons réalisé une annexectomie Suivie de l'administration de progestérone retard à la dose 500 mg par jour. L'évolution a été marquée par la survenue d'un avortement au cinquième jour post opératoire. L'analyse anatomopathologique de la masse chirurgicale a conclu à une apoplexie ovarienne. L'ablation chirurgicale du corps jaune au premier trimestre de la grossesse pose le problème du maintien de celle - ci et devrait être présente à l'esprit des praticiens avant toute chirurgie pelvienne pendant cette période. PMID:24932350

A Three-Component Seismic Refraction Survey in Northwestern Arizona

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-31

the Pacific Plate-North American Plate boundary. The area of investigation (see Figure 1) stretches 900 kin across the Pacific Ocean , southern...50 32. Speed, R.C. (1979) Collided Paleozoic Microplate in the Western United States, J. of Geol. 87:279-292. 33. Schweichert. R.A. and Cowan, D.S...72:1-50 32. Speed, R.C. (1979) Coilided Paleozoic Microplate in the Western United States, J. of Geol. 87:279-292. 33. Schweichert, R.A. and Cowan, D.S

Ceremony 25th birthday Cern

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2006-05-08

Célébration du 25ème anniversaire du Cern (jour par jour) avec discours de L.Van Hove et J.B.Adams, des interludes musicals offerts par Mme Mey et ses collègues (au debut 1.mouvement du quatuor avec piano no 3 de L.van Beethoven) Les directeurs généraux procéderont à la remise du souvenir aux membres de personnel ayant 25 années de service dans l'organisation. Un témoignage de reconnaissance est auss fait à l'interprète Mme Zwerner

A seven-year review of accidental kerosene poisoning in children at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.

PubMed

Belonwu, R O; Adeleke, S I

2008-01-01

Accidental ingestion of kerosene is a potential source of morbidity and mortality in children. The objectives of the study are to determine to magnitude of the problem and proffer feasible solutions to reduce the frequency of occurrence. The medical records of all cases of kerosene poisoning admitted into Paediatric Medical Ward and Emergency Paediatric Unit were identified and relevant data extracted and analysed. Kerosene poisoning constituted 55 (1.2%) of cases of all paediatric admissions within the period (Jan 1999 Dec 2005). The study showed that children 4 months to 8 years were affected with peak age of 18 months. Thirty-four (61.8%) of the cases were aged below 2 years which conforms to findings in earlier studies in Nigeria. Main clinical feature was cough with difficulty in breathing in 52 (94.5%) of cases. Others features noted were central nervous system involvement (14.5%), vomiting (20%), and fever 16 (29.1%). There were 3 deaths giving the mortality of 5.5%. The study has revealed that kerosene poisoning is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Government policies that will enhance the standard of living of people and education of parents/care givers are the identified imperatives for reduction of the problem.

An analytical approach to customer requirement information processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Zude; Xiao, Zheng; Liu, Quan; Ai, Qingsong

2013-11-01

'Customer requirements' (CRs) management is a key component of customer relationship management (CRM). By processing customer-focused information, CRs management plays an important role in enterprise systems (ESs). Although two main CRs analysis methods, quality function deployment (QFD) and Kano model, have been applied to many fields by many enterprises in the past several decades, the limitations such as complex processes and operations make them unsuitable for online businesses among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Currently, most SMEs do not have the resources to implement QFD or Kano model. In this article, we propose a method named customer requirement information (CRI), which provides a simpler and easier way for SMEs to run CRs analysis. The proposed method analyses CRs from the perspective of information and applies mathematical methods to the analysis process. A detailed description of CRI's acquisition, classification and processing is provided.

Occurrence of enteric pathogens on fresh produce grown on irrigated soils

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aims: To assess the potential health risks of fresh produce grown on irrigated soils treated with manure in Kano State, a large produce region in Nigeria. Methodology: Fresh produce irrigated with wastewater on manure treated soils were assessed for the prevalence, serotype distribution and toxigeni...

The effect of proposed software products' features on the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of potential customers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussain, Azham; Mkpojiogu, Emmanuel O. C.; Yusof, Muhammad Mat

2016-08-01

This paper reports the effect of proposed software products features on the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of potential customers of proposed software products. Kano model's functional and dysfunctional technique was used along with Berger et al.'s customer satisfaction coefficients. The result shows that only two features performed the most in influencing the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of would-be customers of the proposed software product. Attractive and one-dimensional features had the highest impact on the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of customers. This result will benefit requirements analysts, developers, designers, projects and sales managers in preparing for proposed products. Additional analysis showed that the Kano model's satisfaction and dissatisfaction scores were highly related to the Park et al.'s average satisfaction coefficient (r=96%), implying that these variables can be used interchangeably or in place of one another to elicit customer satisfaction. Furthermore, average satisfaction coefficients and satisfaction and dissatisfaction indexes were all positively and linearly correlated.

Integrating Kano’s Model into Quality Function Deployment for Product Design: A Comprehensive Review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ginting, Rosnani; Hidayati, Juliza; Siregar, Ikhsan

2018-03-01

Many methods and techniques are adopted by some companies to improve the competitiveness through the fulfillment of customer satisfaction by enhancement and improvement the product design quality. Over the past few years, several researcher have studied extensively combining Quality Function Deployment and Kano’s model as design techniques by focusing on translating consumer desires into a product design. This paper presents a review and analysis of several literatures that associated to the integration methodology of Kano into the QFD process. Various of international journal articles were selected, collected and analyzed through a number of relevant scientific publications. In-depth analysis was performed, and focused in this paper on the results, advantages and drawbacks of its methodology. In addition, this paper also provides the analysis that acquired in this study related to the development of the methodology. It is hopedd this paper can be a reference for other researchers and manufacturing companies to implement the integration method of QFD- Kano for product design.

Perspective sur les ruptures d’approvisionnement de médicaments en établissement de santé de 2006 à 2010

PubMed Central

Bussières, Jean-François; Chiveri, Andrei; Lebel, Denis

2011-01-01

RÉSUMÉ Contexte: Si les ruptures d’approvisionnement de médicaments font partie de la réalité de la pratique pharmaceutique depuis plusieurs décennies, elles deviennent une préoccupation quotidienne pour les pharmaciens dans les années 2000 et dépassent les frontières de la littérature pharmaceutique. Objectif: L’objectif principal de cette étude était de quantifier le nombre de médicaments en rupture de stock par année et la durée de ces interruptions. L’objectif secondaire visait à décrire le nombre de médicaments en rupture de stock par fabricant et par classe thérapeutique. Méthode: Cette étude descriptive et rétrospective des ruptures d’approvisionnement en médicaments a porté sur l’ensemble des médicaments à contrat pour les hôpitaux des régions administratives de Montréal, de Laval et de l’Estrie, au Québec. Le nombre de ruptures de stocks, le nombre de jours de rupture de stock et leur durée moyenne par année ont été calculés par fabricant et par classe thérapeutique. De plus, la proportion de produits en rupture de stock et la proportion de jours de rupture de stocks ont été déterminées par classe thérapeutique. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives (c.-à-d. somme, moyenne, écart-type, médiane, intervalle). Résultats: Entre le 1er janvier 2006 et le 31 août 2010 (une période de 56 mois), 2400 ruptures de stocks ont été dénombrées pour un total de 258 105 jours de rupture de stocks (durée moyenne de 108 jours, écart-type de 130 jours et intervalle de 5 à 1623 jours). Un total de 70 fabricants étaient impliqués dans la survenue de toutes les ruptures d’approvisionnement de médicaments relevées durant cette période. Cinquante pour cent (50 %) des ruptures de stocks et des jours de rupture de stocks provenaient de quatre fabricants. Les interruptions étudiées touchaient la majorité des classes thérapeutiques de médicaments disponibles sur le

The Qualitative Measurement towards Emotional Feeling of Design for Product Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syaifoelida, Fevi; Megat Hamdan, M. A. M.; Murrad, M.; Aminuddin, Hazim

2018-04-01

To compete in today’s ever-growing technology market, a product needs to be well presentable to the customers. It is a challenge to design a product that is able to attract customer’s attention and to build their loyalty towards the product. A product needs to be designed with focus to give the maximum level of satisfaction to the end user which is the customer. That is the focus of this paper, to achieve customer’s satisfaction, by studying feelings and emotional value related to product designs using Kansei Engineering (KE) and to test how important that product element (level of satisfaction) by using Kano Method (KM). KE is a method of translating human emotions and feelings into product development. The method studies the human interaction and responses when a customer sees a product, then translates it into a new improved design. However, KE cannot stand on its own. It did not specify in which extends the feeling or emotions is important in a product. After we had the design appearance parameters from KE and existing design evaluation, it need to be classified which is more important than the other is. That is why Kano Method (KM) will also be used. Since this scope of study towards an emotional feeling of design (existing part/appearance) in Kano categories not in deep function of technical requirement, so KM will help to classify parts of product into categories, which part will give fully satisfaction while using it. It studies the more important attributes considered by the customers for improvement. The objective is to find out the design priority guide that can be used to maximize customer’s satisfaction. Therefore, in order to apply the qualitative measurement idea into the real situation, the headphone product is chosen (popular among students) as the product (the appearance of part, feeling when use it) domain for this study. As the results progressed, it was found out that the headband part of headphone is the most important part of the

Apes have eyes to the future.

PubMed

Vonk, Jennifer

2016-09-01

Kano and Hirata (Current Biology, 25, 2513-2517, 2015) recently showed that apes process object and location information and anticipate the repeated presentation of such events in short film clips. Their methodology, using eyetracking, can provide a foundation for further explications of long-term prospective and episodic memory in nonverbal species.

Attributes of Pre-Service and Inservice Teacher Satisfaction with Online Collaborative Mentoring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorner, Helga; Kumar, Swapna

2017-01-01

This study examines Hungarian pre-service and inservice teachers' satisfaction (n = 154) with the Mentored Innovation Model (MIM), an online collaborative mentoring model focused on technology integration. The Kano model was applied to results from two surveys to identify conditions in the MIM that most contribute to overall satisfaction with…

Modified technique for processing multiangle lidar data measured in clear and moderately polluted atmospheres

Treesearch

Vladimir Kovalev; Cyle Wold; Alexander Petkov; Wei Min Hao

2011-01-01

We present a modified technique for processing multiangle lidar data that is applicable for relatively clear atmospheres, where the utilization of the conventional Kano-Hamilton method meets significant issues. Our retrieval algorithm allows computing the two-way transmission and the corresponding extinction-coefficient profile in any slope direction searched during...

Determining Fleet Size for a Modernized Canadian Maritime Patrol Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

nécessiteraient une mise à jour si on devait retarder l’acquisition des CMA, comme on l’annonçait en février 2014. Importance pour la défense et la sécurité...on procède à la mise à jour du CP-140, cette étude conclue qu’il en faudra au moins 14 pour satisfaire aux critères de surveillance énoncés. C’est...RDDC-2014-R2 February 2014 c© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Department of National Defence), 2014 c© Sa Majesté la Reine en droit du Canada

Etude de la prévalence des infections nosocomiales et des facteurs associes dans les deux hopitaux universitaires de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo: cas des Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi et l’Hôpital Janson Sendwe

PubMed Central

Kakupa, Danny Kasongo; Muenze, Prosper Kalenga; Byl, Baudouin; Wilmet, Michèle Dramaix

2016-01-01

Introduction Estimer la prévalence « un jour donné » des infections nosocomiales et déterminer leurs facteurs associés, ensuite estimer la prévalence des micro-organismes responsables des infections nosocomiales de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. Méthodes Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée dans les deux hôpitaux de Lubumbashi au sein de cinq services d’hospitalisation (Chirurgie, Gynéco-Obstétrique, Médecine interne, Pédiatrie et Réanimation). L’échantillon était constitué de 171 patients hospitalisés et qui ont été interrogés à l’aide d’un questionnaire standardisé. La fiche médicale nous a permit de connaitre le type d’antibiotique administré au patient 48 heures après d’admission. Notre étude s’est déroulée durant le mois de février 2010 dans le cadre de la première enquête locale de prévalence des infections nosocomiales. Résultats Notre étude a permis de recenser 59 patients atteints d’une infection nosocomiale. La prévalence globale est de 34,5% (dont 17,0% pour une infection nosocomiale acquise et 17,5% pour une infection importée). L’infection nosocomiale a été définie selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé comme toute infection acquise pendant un séjour à l’hôpital et qui n’était ni présente ni en incubation au moment de l’admission du patient. Les facteurs de risque suivants ont été associés aux infections nosocomiales acquises: durée d’hospitalisation (les patients admis en long séjour, séjour de plus de sept jours d’hospitalisation avaient un risque plus élevé que ceux admis en séjour court, séjour inférieur ou égal à sept jours d’hospitalisation (Ratio de prévalence: RP =3,6 [IC a 95% 1,4-8,9]). Parmi les infections nosocomiales, les infections du site opératoire étaient les plus fréquentes (27,1%), suivies des infections pulmonaires (22,0%) et des infections urinaires (17,0%). L’examen microbiologique a permis de mettre

Exploring the critical quality attributes and models of smart homes.

PubMed

Ted Luor, Tainyi; Lu, Hsi-Peng; Yu, Hueiju; Lu, Yinshiu

2015-12-01

Research on smart homes has significantly increased in recent years owing to their considerably improved affordability and simplicity. However, the challenge is that people have different needs (or attitudes toward smart homes), and provision should be tailored to individuals. A few studies have classified the functions of smart homes. Therefore, the Kano model is first adopted as a theoretical base to explore whether the functional classifications of smart homes are attractive or necessary, or both. Second, three models and test user attitudes toward three function types of smart homes are proposed. Based on the Kano model, the principal results, namely, two "Attractive Quality" and nine "Indifferent Quality" items, are found. Verification of the hypotheses also indicates that the entertainment, security, and automation functions are significantly correlated with the variables "perceive useful" and "attitude." Cost consideration is negatively correlated with attitudes toward entertainment and automation. Results suggest that smart home providers should survey user needs for their product instead of merely producing smart homes based on the design of the builder or engineer. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Urbanization in Nigeria: A Planning Commentary. An International Urbanization Survey Report to the Ford Foundation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Leslie; Milone, Vincent

Since the end of the Second World War, the development of Nigeria has been marked by rapid commercial, manufacturing and urban growth concentrated in three main areas: (1) the southwest, the port-city and Federal capital of Metropolitan Lagos; (2) the north, a central close-settled zone which embraces the cities of Kano, Zaria and Kaduna; and (3)…

In-situ Raman spectroscopic study of aluminate speciation in H2O-KOH solutions at high pressures and temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mookherjee, M.; Keppler, H.; Manning, C. E.

2009-12-01

The solubility of corundum in H2O is low even at high pressure and temperatures. Therefore, it is commonly assumed that alumina remains essentially immobile during fluid-rock interaction. However, field and experimental evidence suggests that alumina solubility is strongly enhanced in the presence of silica as well as in alkaline solutions. In order to understand what controls the alumina solubility and how it is enhanced as a function of fluid composition, we conducted Raman-spectroscopic study of Al speciation in aqueous fluids at high pressure and temperature. Experiments were carried out in an externally heated hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell equipped with low-fluorescence diamonds and iridium gaskets. Raman spectra were collected with a Horiba Jobin-Yvon Labram HR spectrometer using the 514 nm line of an argon laser for excitation. In a first series of experiments, the speciation of alumina was studied in a 1 M KOH solution in equilibrium with corundum up to 700 oC and ~1 GPa. The Raman spectra show a prominent band at 618 cm-1 interpreted to arise from Al-O stretching vibrations associated with the tetrahedral [Al(OH)4]1- species. At higher pressure and temperature, an additional vibrational mode appears in the spectra at 374 cm-1 (full width at half maximum ~ 20 cm-1). This feature is tentatively attributed to [(OH)3Al-O-Al(OH)3]2- (Moolenaar et al. 1970, Jour. Phys. Chem., 74, 3629-3636). No evidence for KAl(OH)4 was observed, consistent with piston cylinder experiments at 700 oC and 1 GPa (Wohlers & Manning, 2009, Chem. Geol., 262, 310). Upon cooling from high-pressure and high temperature, slow kinetics of corundum regrowth lead to oversaturation in the solutions, as evidenced by sharp peaks at 930 and 1066 cm-1 observed upon cooling. These features are probably due to colloidal aluminum hydroxide. The results provide the first evidence for aluminate polymerization at high pressure and temperature, and offer insights into the causes for enhancement of

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Jegede, Feyisayo Ebenezer; Oyeyi, Tinuade Ibijoke; Abdulrahman, Surajudeen Abiola; Mbah, Henry Akwen; Badru, Titilope; Agbakwuru, Chinedu; Adedokun, Oluwasanmi

2017-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria co-infection may present worse health outcomes in the tropics. Information on HIV/malaria co-infection effect on immune-hematological profiles is critical for patient care and there is a paucity of such data in Nigeria. To evaluate immune-hematological profiles among HIV infected patients compared to HIV/malaria co-infected for ART management improvement. This was a cross sectional study conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano. A total of 761 consenting adults attending ART clinic were randomly selected and recruited between June and December 2015. Participants' characteristics and clinical details including two previous CD4 counts were collected. Venous blood sample (4ml) was collected in EDTA tube for malaria parasite diagnosis by rapid test and confirmed with microscopy. Hematological profiles were analyzed by Sysmex XP-300 and CD4 count by Cyflow cytometry. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using Chi-Square test for association between HIV/malaria parasites co-infection with age groups, gender, ART, cotrimoxazole and usage of treated bed nets. Mean hematological profiles by HIV/malaria co-infection and HIV only were compared using independent t-test and mean CD4 count tested by mixed design repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables. Of the 761 HIV infected, 64% were females, with a mean age of ± (SD) 37.30 (10.4) years. Prevalence of HIV/malaria co-infection was 27.7% with Plasmodium falciparum specie accounting for 99.1%. No statistical significant difference was observed between HIV/malaria co-infection in association to age (p = 0.498) and gender (p = 0.789). A significantly (p = 0.026) higher prevalence (35.2%) of co-infection was observed among non-ART patients compared to (26%) ART patients. Prevalence of co-infection was significantly lower (20.0%) among cotrimoxazole users compared to those not on cotrimoxazole (37%). The same

Apes perform like infants in false-belief tasks.

PubMed

Bugnyar, Thomas

2017-12-01

Although the extent to which some nonhuman animals understand mental states is currently under debate, attributing false beliefs has been considered to be beyond their limits. A recent study by Krupenye, Kano, Hirata, Call, and Tomasello (Science, 354, 110-114, 2016) shows that great apes pass a false-belief task when they are tested with an anticipatory-looking paradigm developed for nonverbal human infants.

Processing Waveforms as Trees for Pattern Recognition.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

Principles and Techniques- ( AAPG Course Note Series 13), Amer. Assoc. Pet. Geol., Tulsa, OK,p. 86, (1984). [15] W. F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology. Lange, Los Altos, CA. pp. 393-408, (1973). /

Leveraging the Technology du Jour for Overt and Covert Faculty Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagler, Debra; Kastenbaum, Beatrice; Brooks, Ruth; Morris, Brenda; Saewert, Karen J.

2013-01-01

Leveraging Educational Technology for Evidence-Based Practice (LET-EBP), a four year federally funded project, was designed to extend use of educational technologies in the prelicensure undergraduate nursing program of a large public research university. Faculty members supported through the project developed and integrated over 20…

Day Care: Guide to Reading. (Garde De Jour: Guide Du Lecteur).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa (Ontario).

This bibliography contains references to books, articles, project reports, pamphlets, and conference papers (a few written in French) chosen for their easy availability and divided into sections on various topics pertinent to day care services: (1) organization and administration, funding and costing, need for day care; (2) parent involvement,…

Conceptual MEMS Devices for a Redeployable Antenna

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

micromirrors in projection devices, and various sensors for chemical/biological applications. MEMS are a key aspect of ever- increasing significance in...with a vertical thermal actuator, linear assembly micromotor, and a locking mechanism, to create a scanning micromirror and cube reflector system. The... Micromirrors ,” Transducers, pp347-350, 1997. [24] Shimoyama, I., O. Kano, and H. Miura. “3D Microstructures Folded by Lorentz Force,” 11th

Scaling laws and properties of compositional data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buccianti, Antonella; Albanese, Stefano; Lima, AnnaMaria; Minolfi, Giulia; De Vivo, Benedetto

2016-04-01

from the perspective of compositional theory. The approach is based on the use of the isometric log-ratio transformation, characterized by theoretical and practical advantages, but requiring a more complex geochemical interpretation compared with the investigation of single variables. The proposed methodology directs attention to model the frequency distributions of more complex indices, linking all the terms of the composition to better represent the dynamics of geochemical processes. An example of its application is presented and discussed by considering topsoil geochemistry of Campania Region (southern Italy). The investigated multi-element data archive contains, among others, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, Ti, V and Zn (mg/kg) contents determined in 3535 new topsoils as well as information on coordinates, geology, land cover. (BUCCIANTI et al., 2015). AHRENS, L. ,1954a. Geochim. Cosm. Acta 6, 121-131. AHRENS, L., 1954b. Geochim. Cosm. Acta 5, 49-73. AITCHISON, J., et al., 2003. Math Geol 35(6), 667-680. BUCCIANTI et al., 2015. Jour. Geoch. Explor., 159, 302-316. CLARKE, F., 1889. Phil. Society of Washington Bull. 11, 131-142. EGOZCUE, J.J. et al., 2003. Math Geol 35(3), 279-300. MATEU-FIGUERAS, G. et al, (2005), Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Ass. 19(3), 205-214.

Refractive errors in presbyopic patients in Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Lawan, Abdu; Okpo, Eme; Philips, Ebisike

2014-01-01

The study is a retrospective review of the pattern of refractive errors in presbyopic patients seen in the eye clinic from January to December, 2009. The clinic refraction register was used to retrieve the case folders of all patients refracted during the review period. Information extracted includes patient's age, sex, and types of refractive error. Unaided and pin hole visual acuity was done with Snellen's or "E" Charts and near vision with Jaeger's chart in English or Hausa. All patients had basic eye examination and streak retinoscopy at two third meter working distance. The final subjective refractive correction given to the patients was used to categorize the type of refractive error. There were 5893 patients, 1584 had refractive error and 644 were presbyopic. There were 289 males and 355 females (M:F= 1:1.2). Presbyopia accounted for 10.9% of clinic attendance and 40% of patients with refractive error. Presbyopia was seen in 17%, the remaining 83% required distance correction; astigmatism was seen in 41%, hypermetropia 29%, myopia 9% and aphakia 4%. Refractive error was commoner in females than males and the relationship was statistically significant (P-value = 0.017; P < 0.05 considered significant). Presbyopia is common and most of the patients had other refractive errors. Full refraction is advised for all patients.

Hematological parameters of human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, North Western Nigeria.

PubMed

Abdulqadir, Ibrahim; Ahmed, Sagir Gumel; Kuliya, Aisha Gwarzo; Tukur, Jamilu; Yusuf, Aminu Abba; Musa, Abubakar Umar

2018-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) scourge continues to affect young women within the reproductive age group and pregnancy is a recognized indication for the use antiretroviral (ARV) drugs among HIV-positive women. The aim is to determine the combined effect of pregnancy, HIV and ARV drugs on the hematological parameters of the pregnant women. This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among 70 each of HIV-positive and negative pregnant women. Bio-demographic and clinical data were extracted from the client folder and 4 ml of blood sample was obtained from each participant. Full blood count was generated using Swelab automatic hematology analyzer while reticulocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were conducted manually. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version software 16 while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Pregnant women with HIV had statistically significant lower hematocrit and white blood cell (WBC) and higher ESR than pregnant women without HIV ( P < 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of platelet and reticulocyte ( P > 0.05). However, among HIV positive pregnant women, those with CD4 count <350/μL had statistically significant lower WBC and lymphocyte count than those with CD4 count ≥350/μL ( P < 0.05), whereas, those on zidovudine (AZT)-containing treatment had statistically significant lower hematocrit and higher mean cell volume than those on non-AZT-containing treatment ( P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in any of the hematological parameters ( P > 0.050) between women on first- and second-line ARV regimens. There is a significant difference in terms of hematological parameters between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in this environment.

Fièvre bilieuse hémoglobinurique (FBH) de révélation tardive: à propos d'un cas au CHU de Dakar

PubMed Central

Thiongane, Aliou; Ndongo, Aliou Abdoulaye; Faye, Papa Moctar; Sylla, Assane; Kéïta, Younoussa; Boiro, Djibril; Basse, Idrissa; Guèye, Ndèye Ramatoulaye Diagne; Ndiaye, Ousmane

2015-01-01

La fièvre bilieuse hémoglobinurique (FBH) est une forme grave du paludisme; caractérisée par la survenue d'une hémolyse intravasculaire aiguë se traduisant par une anémie hémolytique, une insuffisance rénale aiguë et une hypovolémie. Son diagnostic repose essentiellement sur la clinique notamment la couleur des urines d'aspect rouge porto. Nous rapportons un cas de fièvre bilieuse hémoglobinurique chez un jeune garçon de 10 ans originaire et vivant dans une zone d'endémie palustre, colligé dans un CHU de Dakar (Sénégal). V.G est un garçon de 10 ans qui était hospitalisé pendant 2 jours au service des urgences dans un centre de santé de proximité pour une fièvre associée à des vomissements qui évoluaient depuis 3 jours. Le test de diagnostic rapide (TDR) au paludisme était positif à la présence d'antigènes de Plasmodium falciparum dans le sang. Un traitement à base de quinine injectable (25 mg/kg/j), a été entrepris pendant 03 jours. Au quatrième jour, sont apparues une hémolyse intravasculaire aiguë et une hémoglobinurie avec une insuffisance rénale aiguë anurique. La goutte épaisse était revenue négative et le traitement par la quinine injectable arrêté. Le relais a été fait avec les dérivés de l'artémisinine. Trois (03) séances d'hémodialyse ont été réalisées. L’évolution était favorable, par la reprise de la diurèse et la normalisation de la fonction rénale. La FBH existe encore dans notre pratique quotidienne. Il faut y penser devant l'apparition brutale d'une hémolyse avec insuffisance rénale aiguë et urines rouges porto au cours du traitement d'un paludisme. PMID:26966497

Detrital geochronology of unroofing magmatic complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malusà, Marco Giovanni; Villa, Igor Maria; Vezzoli, Giovanni; Garzanti, Eduardo

2010-05-01

Tectonic reconstructions performed in recent years are increasingly based on petrographic (Dickinson & Suczek, 1979; Garzanti et al., 2007) and geochronological (Brandon et al., 1998; DeCelles et al., 2004) analyses of detrital systems. Detrital age patterns are traditionally interpreted as a result of cooling induced by exhumation (Jäger, 1967; Dodson, 1973). Such an approach can lead to infer extremely high erosion rates (Giger & Hurford 1989) that conflict with compelling geological evidence (Garzanti & Malusà, 2008). This indicates that interpretations solely based on exhumational cooling may not have general validity (Villa, 2006). Here we propose a new detrital geochronology model that takes into account the effects of both crystallization and exhumational cooling on geochronometers, from U-Pb on zircon to fission tracks on apatite. This model, specifically designed for unroofing magmatic complexes, predicts both stationary and moving mineral-age peaks. Because its base is the ordinary interaction between endogenic and exogenic processes, it is applicable to any geological setting. It was tested on the extremely well-studied Bregaglia-Bergell pluton in the Alps, and on the sedimentary succession derived from its erosion. The consistency between predicted and observed age patterns validates the model. Our results demonstrate that volcanoes were active on top of the growing Oligocene Alps, and resolve a long-standing paradox in quantitative erosion-sedimentation modelling, the scarcity of sediment during apparently fast erosion. Dickinson, W. R. & Suczek, C. A. Plate tectonics and sandstone composition. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 63, 2164-2172 (1979). Garzanti, E., Doglioni, C., Vezzoli. G. & Andò, S. Orogenic belts and orogenic sediment provenance. J. Geol. 115, 315-334 (2007). Brandon, M. T., Roden-Tice, M. K. & Garver, J. I. Cenozoic exhumation of the Cascadia accretionary wedge in the Olympic Mountains, northwest Washington State. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull

Geology of the Wilkes Land Sub-basin and Stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet: Insights from rock magnetism at IODP Site U1361

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tauxe, L.; Sugisaki, S.; Jimenez-Espejo, F. J.; Cook, C. P.; van de Flierdt, T.; Iwai, M.; Escutia, C.

2014-12-01

., Tauxe, L., Sugisaki, S., Lopez Galindo, A., Patterson, M. O., Sangiorgi, F., Pierce, E. L., Brinkhuis, H., and Scientists, I. E., 2013, Nature Geoscience, v. 6, p. 765-769. Craw, D., and Findlay, R. H., 1984, New Zealand Jour. Geol. Geophys., v. 27, p. 465-475. Schmidt, P. W., and Williams, G. E., 2013, Global and Planetary Change, v. 110, p. 289-301.

Episodic tectonic plate reorganizations driven by mantle convection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Scott D.; Lowman, Julian P.; Gable, Carl W.

2002-10-01

Periods of relatively uniform plate motion were interrupted several times throughout the Cenozoic and Mesozoic by rapid plate reorganization events [R. Hey, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88 (1977) 1404-1420; P.A. Rona, E.S. Richardson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 40 (1978) 1-11; D.C. Engebretson, A. Cox, R.G. Gordon, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 206 (1985); R.G. Gordon, D.M. Jurdy, J. Geophys. Res. 91 (1986) 12389-12406; D.A. Clague, G.B. Dalrymple, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1350 (1987) 5-54; J.M. Stock, P. Molnar, Nature 325 (1987) 495-499; C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, M.A. Richards, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 1317-1320; M.A. Richards, C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 137 (1996) 19-27; C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, M.A. Richards, Rev. Geophys. 36 (1998) 27-78]. It has been proposed that changes in plate boundary forces are responsible for these events [M.A. Richards, C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 137 (1996) 19-27; C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, M.A. Richards, Rev. Geophys. 36 (1998) 27-78]. We present an alternative hypothesis: convection-driven plate motions are intrinsically unstable due to a buoyant instability that develops as a result of the influence of plates on an internally heated mantle. This instability, which has not been described before, is responsible for episodic reorganizations of plate motion. Numerical mantle convection experiments demonstrate that high-Rayleigh number convection with internal heating and surface plates is sufficient to induce plate reorganization events, changes in plate boundary forces, or plate geometry, are not required.

Mise à jour sur l’utilisation clinique de la buprénorphine

PubMed Central

Ducharme, Simon; Fraser, Ronald; Gill, Kathryn

2012-01-01

Résumé Objectif Examiner les données scientifiques actuelles sur la buprénorphine-naloxone pour le traitement des troubles liés aux opioïdes, en insistant sur le contexte des soins primaires. Qualité des données On a fait une recension dans MEDLINE et la base de données Cochrane des synthèses critiques. Les données probantes sont surtout de niveau I. Message principal La buprénorphine est un agoniste partiel des récepteurs μ des opioïdes et un antagoniste des récepteurs κ des opioïdes ayant une longue demi-vie et un potentiel moins grand que la méthadone d’entraîner un usage abusif. Pour une désintoxication, la buprénorphine est au moins équivalente à la méthadone et supérieure à la clonidine. Comme thérapie de substitution, la buprénorphine est clairement supérieure au placebo. La méthadone comporte de légers avantages en ce qui a trait à la rétention en thérapie, mais une approche par étape en utilisant initialement la buprénorphine-naloxone est aussi efficace. Il est possible, sécuritaire et efficace de recourir à la buprénorphine en milieu de soins primaires. On peut obtenir l’autorisation de prescrire de la buprénorphine après avoir suivi une formation en ligne. Conclusion La buprénorphine est un agent sécuritaire et efficace pour la désintoxication en cas de dépendance aux opioïdes. Elle peut servir d’agent de première intention dans les programmes de thérapie de substitution, en raison de son potentiel plus faible d’usage abusif en comparaison d’autres opioïdes. Son efficacité en milieux de soins primaires en fait un outil thérapeutique utile pour les médecins de famille.

Vaginal candidiasis and its risk factors among women attending a Nigerian teaching hospital.

PubMed

Nwadioha, S I; Nwokedi, E O P; Egesie, J; Enejuo, H

2013-03-01

The study was set to detect Candida species in female genital discharge and validate the associated risk factors. A prospective study of female genital swabs collected from women with abnormal vaginal discharge (test group) and a control group who were attending gynaecology, family planning, antenatal care or HIV/STI clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria and analysed for microscopy and culture in microbiology laboratory from December 2008 to December 2009. Data on epidemiologic indices were collected from the patients, using structured interviewer- administered questionnaires. Candida species were detected in the test group in 60% (n=600/1000) cases of infective vaginal discharge while 12% (120/1000) in the control group. The isolation rate of Candida albicans was 69% more than the non- albicans. Distribution of vaginal candidiasis in the test group, was prevalent in young adults age group of 21 to 30 years with 50% (n=300/600), in patients with pregnancy 38% (n=225/600) and patients with chronically debilitating illnesses 26% (n=157/600). The result shows that vaginal candidiasis is quite common and Candida albicans is the most prevalent species. We therefore recommend early diagnosis and prompt treatment of vaginal candidiasis in all women clinics especially among the patients with chronic debilitating illness, pregnancy and young adults in order to avert the complications of vaginal candidiasis and reduce HIV transmission.

Mass Customization and Personalization Prospects in Developing Country: Indonesian Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Risdiyono; Djati Widodo, Imam; Mahtarami, Affan

2016-01-01

The advancement of information technology (IT) has changed many modes and ways for people in doing their businesses. Mass Customization and Personalization (MCP) is one example of business modes that has been dramatically evolve, mainly due to the currently very fast IT development. MCP has enabled people to involve in adjusting some design parameters of a product to meet their personal requirements before purchased. The advancement of IT has made MCP more successful as it makes the process faster, easier, simpler and more joyful. The success stories of MCP are easily found in many developed countries, where the IT infrastructure has firmly been established. For developing countries, there are very few industries have implemented the MCP concept, including Indonesia. This paper discusses a descriptive study to depict what people think about MCP implementation in Indonesia especially in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Kano model was used to see the perception of both producers and consumers in relation with MCP implementation. Five dummy MCP prototypes were developed for five creative products including plaques, hats, invitation card, t-shirts and leather bags. Based on the KANO questionnaire analyses, it is clear that there are big opportunities to implement MCP in Indonesia especially for creative products produced by SMEs. Identifying the correct product features is an important key for successful MCP implementation in developing countries.

Detection Performance of an Operator Using Lofar

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-04-01

Blur on Perimetric Thresholds," Aroh. of Opthalmology , 68:2, pp. 240-51 (1962). 15. Ferree, C.E., Rand, G., Hardy, C, "Refraction for the...Static Perimetric Technique Believed to Test Receptive Field Properties III Clinical Trials," Am. Jour. Opthalmology , 70:2, pp. 244-272 (Aug. 1970

Taxonomic Notes on the Abyssal Agglutinated Benthic Foraminifera of the HEBBLE (High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment) Area (Lower Nova Scotian Continental Rise).

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

sp. ( Protista , Rhizopoda) with comments on the taxonomy of A. ramulifonmis Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 62 pp. 595-605. *! Hbglund, H., 1947...southeastern Pacific Ocean. Micropaleo. 26, (2), pp. 113- 150. Loeblich, A.R., and Tappan, H., 1964 Protista 2, Sarcodina chiefly "Thec- amoebians" and

International Workshop on Gravel-Bed Rivers. Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers (3rd), held in Firenze - Poggio a Caiano Italy on September 24-28, 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-31

Geol., 22, 97-120. Wymer, J.J. (1968). Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain, John Baker, London. Wymer, J.J. (1976), The interpretation of... Palaeolithic cultural and faunal material found in Pleistocene sediments, in, Geo-archaeology, Davidson, D.A. and Shackley, M.L. (eds.), Duckworth, London, pp

Modeling Megacusps and Dune Erosion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orzech, M.; Reniers, A. J.; Thornton, E. B.

2009-12-01

Megacusps are large, concave, erosional features of beaches, of O(200m) alongshore wavelength, which sometimes occur when rip channel bathymetry is present. It is commonly hypothesized that erosion of the dune and back beach will be greater at the alongshore locations of the megacusp embayments, principally because the beach width is narrower there and larger waves can more easily reach the dune toe (e.g., Short, J. Geol., 1979, Thornton, et al., Mar. Geol., 2007). At present, available field data in southern Monterey Bay provide some support for this hypothesis, but not enough to fully confirm or refute it. This analysis utilizes XBeach, a 2DH nearshore sediment transport model, to test the above hypothesis under a range of wave conditions over several idealized rip-megacusp bathymetries backed by dunes. Model results suggest that while specific wave conditions may result in erosional hot spots at megacusp embayments, other factors such as tides, wave direction, and surf zone bathymetry can often play an equal or stronger role.

Extensional Detachment faulting in melange rocks. Plurikilometres migration by W the External Zone (Cordillera Bética, Spain)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roldán, Francisco Javier; Azañon, Jose Miguel; Rodríguez, Jose; Mateos, Rosa Maria

2014-05-01

The synthesis and correlation of units carried out in the continuous geological map (Roldán et al., 2012), has revealed a fragmentation of the carbonate outcrops belong to the Subbetic Domain (García-Hernández et al., 1980). Subbetic NW verging thrust and fold axial traces have not lateral continuity and Jurassic carbonate outscrops appear as klippes on the olistotromic unit. These ductile structures that can be observed in the internal structure of these jurassic blocks are unrelated to the brittle-ductile deformation bands observed at the basal pelitic levels. Basal detachments are rooted in: a) the Olistostromic unit, a Upper Langhian-Lower Serravallian breccia constituted by gypsum-bearing clay and marls; b) Cretaceous-Tertiary marly sedimentary rocks (Rodríguez-Fernández, et al., 2013) . In both kind of rocks, cataclastic structures allows to infer a top-to-the WSW displacement. Paleostress measurements, made on these detachments levels, are compatible with a extensional regime (Roldán et al., 2012). At the same time, the analysis and interpretation of subsurface data (seismic surveys and borehole testing) shows that the Subbetic Domain (External Subbetic, Molina 1987) are affected by westward low-angle normal faults. A balanced cross-section, based on morphological and cartographic data in the area between Sierra de Cabra and Sierra de Alta Coloma (Valdepeñas de Jaén), shows plurikilometric displacements which has been produced during Late Serravallian-Early Tortonian times. References: García-Hernández, M., López-Garrido, A.C., Rivas, P., Sanz de Galdeano, C., Vera, J.A. (1980): Mesozoic paleogeographic evolution of the zones of the Betic Cordillera. Geol. Mijnb. 59 (2). 155-168. Molina, J.M. (1987). Análisis de facies del Mesozoico en el Subbético. Tesis Doctoral, Univ. Granada. 518 p. Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Roldán, F. J., Azañón, J.M. y García-Cortés, A. (2013). El colapso gravitacional del frente orogénico a lpino en el Dominio Subb

Melanges Pedagogiques (Pedagogical Mixture), 1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melanges Pedagogiques, 1988

1988-01-01

The 1988 issue of the journal on second language teaching and learning contains six articles in French and two in English, including: "Production orale: Comment mettre en place des strategies d'enseignment/apprentissage (Oral Production: How To Put Teaching/Learning Strategies in Place)" (Francis Carton, Richard Duda); "Trois jours pour parler…

Hired Guns: Views about Armed Contractors in Operation Iraqi Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Survey Instrument Development , Sampling Procedures, and Other Data Sources . . . . . . . . . 4 Roadmap of the Monograph...Defense and State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). However, jour- nalists, reconstruction contractors, nongovernmental...Agency for International Development (USAID). • Published literature. Our sources included government reports, memos, news- paper accounts, and

Software Applications to Educational Planning and Management. A Collection of Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saint-Germain, M.; And Others

The five papers in this collection examine the existing trends in the use of microcomputers in educational planning and management. In the first paper, "Reflexions sur l'Ordre du Jour" (French), Michel Saint-Germain addresses contextual factors surrounding the use of computers, priorities that must be accounted for before developing new…

MX Siting Investigation Geotechnical Evaluation Conterminous United States. Volume II. Intermediate Screening.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-21

sections of the CSP ( Thordarson and others, 1967; Figure 8). Interbedded materials consist of agglomerates, air-fall and ash-flow tuffs which are welded to...of Economic Geology, 1977, Land resource map of Texas: Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. Texas, Austin, Texas. (in press). Thordarson , W., Young, R.A., and

REE Mineralization in Kiruna-type Magnetite-Apatite Ore Deposits: Magmatism and Metasomatism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harlov, D. E.

2015-12-01

Magnetite-apatite ore bodies of the Kiruna type occur worldwide and are generally associated with volcanic rocks or volcanism. They also show strong evidence of extensive metasomatism over a wide P-T range. Notable examples include the Kiirunavaara ore body, northern Sweden (Harlov et al., 2002, Chem. Geol., 191, 47-72); the Grängesberg ore body, central Sweden (Jonsson et al., 2010, NGF abstracts, vol 1, 88-89); the Mineville ore body, Adirondacks, New York, USA (McKeown and Klemc, 1956, U.S. Geol Sur Bull (1956), pp. 9-23); the Pea Ridge ore body, SE Missouri, USA (Kerr, 1998, MS Thesis, Univ. Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada 113 pp); the Jurassic Marcona ore body in south-central Peru (Chen et al., 2010, Econ Geol, 105, 1441-1456); and a collection of ore bodies from the Bafq Region, central Iran (Daliran et al., 2010, Geol. Assoc. Canada, Short Course Notes, v. 20, p.147-159). In these ore bodies, low Th and U monazite, xenotime, allanite, REE carbonates, and/or REE fluorides are commonly associated with the apatite as inclusions, rim grains, or as independent grains in the surrounding mineral matrix. High contrast BSE imaging, coupled with EMPA and LA-ICPMS, indicates that the apatite has experienced fluid-induced alteration in the form of (Y+REE) + Na + Si + Cl depletion implying that it served as the source for the (Y+REE) (e.g. Kiirunavaara, northern Sweden; Harlov et al., 2002). Formation of monazite and xenotime associated with fluorapatite, as inclusions or rim grains, has experimentally been demonstrated to originate from the fluorapatite as the result of fluid-aided, coupled dissolution-reprecipitation processes (Harlov et al., 2005, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 150, 268-286). This is explains the low Th and U content of the monazite and xenotime. Fluid sources could range from 700-900 °C, residual, acidic (HCl, H2HSO4) grain boundary fluids, remaining after the last stages of ore body crystallization, to later stage, cooler (< 600 °C) (H2O-CO2-(Na

The challenges of numerically simulating analogue brittle thrust wedges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buiter, Susanne; Ellis, Susan

2017-04-01

failed. References 1. Buiter and the GeoMod2004 Team, 2006. The numerical sandbox: comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 253, 29-64 2. Schreurs and the GeoMod2004 Team, 2006. Analogue benchmarks of shortening and extension experiments. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 253, 1-27 3. Buiter, Schreurs and the GeoMod2008 Team, 2016. Benchmarking numerical models of brittle thrust wedges, J. Struct. Geol. 92, 140-177 4. Schreurs, Buiter and the GeoMod2008 Team, 2016. Benchmarking analogue models of brittle thrust wedges, J. Struct. Geol. 92, 116-13

Disposal Site Selection Technical Appendix. Phase 2. (North and South Puget Sound)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

target species were sampled at each site. This reflects in part variation in the habitat preferences of the selected target species. The ichthyofauna ...Region. Mar. Geol., 64:291-312. Carr, W.E.S. and C.A. Adams. 1973. Food Habits of Juvenile Marine Fishes Occupying Seagrass Beds in the Estuarine Zone

Seeing the Forest of Information for the Trees of Papers: An Information Literacy Case Study in a Geography/Geology Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blake, Linda; Warner, Tim

2011-01-01

After receiving a mini-grant for developing integrated information literacy programs, a Geography/Geology Department faculty member worked with the Science Librarian to embed information literacy in a cross-listed geology and geography course, Geog/Geol 455, Introduction to Remote Sensing. Planning for the revisions to the class started with…

A Product Development Decision Model for Cockpit Weather Information System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sireli, Yesim; Kauffmann, Paul; Gupta, Surabhi; Kachroo, Pushkin; Johnson, Edward J., Jr. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

There is a significant market demand for advanced cockpit weather information products. However, it is unclear how to identify the most promising technological options that provide the desired mix of consumer requirements by employing feasible technical systems at a price that achieves market success. This study develops a unique product development decision model that employs Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Kano's model of consumer choice. This model is specifically designed for exploration and resolution of this and similar information technology related product development problems.

A Product Development Decision Model for Cockpit Weather Information Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sireli, Yesim; Kauffmann, Paul; Gupta, Surabhi; Kachroo, Pushkin

2003-01-01

There is a significant market demand for advanced cockpit weather information products. However, it is unclear how to identify the most promising technological options that provide the desired mix of consumer requirements by employing feasible technical systems at a price that achieves market success. This study develops a unique product development decision model that employs Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Kano's model of consumer choice. This model is specifically designed for exploration and resolution of this and similar information technology related product development problems.

Résultats de la chirurgie laparoscopique pour la hernie de l’aine: l’expérience Tunisienne

PubMed Central

Maghrebi, Houcine; Makni, Amin; Sebai, Amin; Chebbi, Faouzi; Rebai, Wael; Daghfous, Amin; Ksantini, Rachid; Jouini, Mohamed; Kacem, Montassar; Safta, Zoubeir Ben

2018-01-01

La hernie de l'aine de l'adulte reste une affection fréquente en chirurgie digestive. De nombreuses techniques de réparation ont été décrites à ce jour dont les procédés laparoscopiques. Deux méthodes furent rapidement adoptées par les différents praticiens pour le traitement chirurgical des hernies de l'aine par laparoscopie: la méthode laparoscopique totalement extra péritonéale (TEP) et la méthode laparoscopique transpéritonéale (TAPP). Le but était d'étudier la faisabilité de la cure de hernie de l'aine par cœlioscopie et de décrire ses résultats du point de vue récidive herniaire et douleur post opératoire. Ce travail était une étude rétrospective, uni centrique, et transversale, portant sur des patients opérés par des chirurgiens du service de chirurgie A La Rabta pour hernie de l'aine par voie laparoscopique, sur une période de 8 ans allant de janvier 2006 à décembre 2013. Le principal critère de jugement était la récidive herniaire. La douleur post opératoire et les complications étaient les critères de jugement secondaires. Nous avons colligés 104 hernies chez 92 patients respectant les critères d'inclusion de notre étude. La moyenne d'âge de nos patients était de 48 Ans (19-83). L'approche TAPP était la plus utilisée: 94 cas (90%) TAPP contre 10 cas TEP. Aucune complication per opératoires n'a été signalée. Le taux de conversion de notre série était nul. La mortalité opératoire était aussi nulle. La morbidité postopératoire était de 5% (5 patients). Elle était à type d'hématome dans 3 cas et de sérum dans 2 cas. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 1.2 jours (1-4jours). Le séjour post opératoire n'avait pas dépassé 2 jours chez 94% des patients. Seulement 2 patients avaient présenté une récidive. Les douleurs chroniques postopératoires étaient notées chez seulement 3 patients. Notre étude a montré que la cure de hernie de l'aine par laparoscopie a apporté un confort consid

Mission, MOOCs, and Money

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Kenneth C.

2013-01-01

Forget basketball and March Madness. Aside from always pressing financial issues, it is "MOOC madness" that has emerged as the topic "du jour" at a growing number of American colleges and universities. Indeed, in boardrooms all across the country, people are grappling with what the advent of MOOCs--massive open online courses--means to their…

Results of the Second U.S. Manned Suborbital Space Flight, July 21, 1961

DTIC Science & Technology

1961-07-21

Alpha - ketoglutaric ...... Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg . .............................. Isocitric ............... 0 to 10...M.: An Accurate Method for the Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen by Direct Nesslerization. Jour. Biol. Chem., vol. 143, 1942, pp. 531-544. Calcium ...DIEHL, H., and FI.LINGBOE, J. L.: Indicator for Titration of Calcium in Presence of Magnesium With Disodium. Dihy- drogen Ethylene

Understanding Plagiarism and How It Differs from Copyright Infringement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dames, K. Matthew

2007-01-01

Plagiarism has become the new piracy. Just as piracy was a few years ago, plagiarism has become the hot, new crime du jour--an act that suggests immorality and often scandal at once. What's more, plagiarism allegations feed into the society's "Candid Camera" mentality--the seemingly insatiable need to uncover wrongdoing. One of the biggest…

The Synthesis and Purification of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 3 - Isobutylbenzene Sec-Butylbenzene

DTIC Science & Technology

1946-06-01

tionsofl-Chloro- 2 -methyl- 2 - phenylpropane (ReophylChloride), Jour. hue Chem.SOCej ml, 65,QOe 8,Aug.1943,pp.2469-1471. 10.Shriner,RalphL.,andFuson...thereactionofphenylmagnesiumbrcmidewitiimethallylchlorideto yield2-reitiyl-3-phenyl-l-?xropene,whichws I?artlyre=wed to 2 -metkyl-l-phenyl-l...Theproceduredescribedhereinforthepreparationf isohutyl- benzeneinvolvesthepreparationfmethallylbenzene( 2 -methyl- 3-phenyl-l-propene)fromphenylmagnesiumbromideandnethaliyl

P-T-t paths from polyphased garnets of the Yenisey Ridge: evidence for three tectonothermal events along the western margin of Siberian craton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Likhanov, Igor

2015-04-01

episodes of regional crust evolution are correlated with the synchronous succession and similar style of the later tectonometamorphic events within the Valhalla orogen along the Arctic margin of Rodinia [7,8] and supports the spatial proximity of Siberia and North Atlantic cratons (Laurentia, Baltica, Svalbard) at c. 800 Ma, as indicated by the Neoproterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions of the classic Rodinia configuration [9,10]. [1] Likhanov et al. (2013) Petrology 21, 561-578. [2] Likhanov et al. (2014) J. Asian Earth Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.10.026. [3] Likhanov et al. (2011) Russ. Geol. Geophys. 52, 1256-1269. [4] Likhanov & Reverdatto (2011) Int. Geol. Rev. 53, 802-845. [5] Likhanov et al. (2004) J. Metamorph. Geol. 22, 743-762. [6] Likhanov et al. (2013) Dokl. Earth Sci. 450, 613-617. [7] Cutts et al. (2010) J. Metamorph. Geol. 28, 249-267. [8] Cawood et al. (2010) Geology 38, 99-102. [9] Dalziel et al. (2000) J. Geol. 108, 499-513. [10] Torsvik (2003) Science 300, 1379-1381.

Late Pleistocene oscillations of the Drau Glacier (southern Austria)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karnitschar, Christina; Reitner, Jürgen; Draganits, Erich

2016-04-01

The Drau Glacier was the largest Pleistocene glacier in the southeastern part of the Alps and significantly shaped the landscape in this region. The study area is located at the termination of the Drau Glacier in the southern part of Austria (Carinthia). The investigation aims to decipher glacial dynamics during the Late Pleistocene glacial advance, stabilisation and final recession of this glacier based on geological/geomorphological mapping, interpretation of airborne laser scan (ALS) topographic data and lithostratigraphic investigations of glacial and periglacial sediments. Special emphasis is laid on the reconstruction of the maximum extent of the glaciation (LGM). Based on previous mapping by Bobek (1959) and Ucik (1996-1998) more details have been gained for the paleogeographic reconstruction based on glacial and non-glacial erosion and accumulation features. These include traces of pre-Upper Pleistocene glaciation, drumlins, terminal moraines and kettle holes. Paleogeographic reconstruction was done with correlation of different outcrops based on lithostratigraphy and ALS topography. Sequences of gravel related to glacial advance covered by till, followed by periglacial sediments allowed detailed reconstruction of the glacial sequence in this area and the complex succession of various extents of the Drau Glacier. References Bobek, Hans. 1959: Der Eisrückgang im östlichen Klagenfurter Becken. In: Mitteilungen der österreichischen geographischen Gesellschaft, Wien. Ucik, Friedrich Hans. 1996: Bericht über geologische Aufnahmen im Quartär auf Blatt 204 Völkermarkt, Jb. Geol. B.-A., 141, S. 340, Wien. Ucik, Friedrich Hans. 1997: Bericht über geologische Aufnahmen im Quartär auf Blatt 204 Völkermarkt, Jb. Geol. B.-A., 141, S. 325-326, Wien. Ucik, Friedrich Hans. 1998: Bericht über geologische Aufnahmen im Quartär auf Blatt 204 Völkermarkt, Jb. Geol. B.-A., 142, S. 333-334, Wien.

Understanding the nineteenth century origins of disciplines: lessons for astrobiology today?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brazelton, William J.; Sullivan, Woodruff T., III

2009-10-01

Astrobiology's goal of promoting interdisciplinary research is an attempt to reverse a trend that began two centuries ago with the formation of the first specialized scientific disciplines. We have examined this era of discipline formation in order to make a comparison with the situation today in astrobiology. Will astrobiology remain interdisciplinary or is it becoming yet another specialty? As a case study, we have investigated effects on the scientific literature when a specialized community is formed by analyzing the citations within papers published during 1802-1856 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (Phil. Trans.), the most important ‘generalist’ journal of its day, and Transactions of the Geological Society of London (Trans. Geol. Soc.), the first important disciplinary journal in the sciences. We find that these two journals rarely cited each other, and papers published in Trans. Geol. Soc. cited fewer interdisciplinary sources than did geology papers in Phil. Trans. After geology had become established as a successful specialized discipline, geologists returned to publishing papers in Phil. Trans., but they wrote in the new, highly specialized style developed in Trans. Geol. Soc. They had succeeded in not only creating a new scientific discipline, but also a new way of doing science with its own modes of research and communication. A similar citation analysis was applied to papers published over the period 2001-2008 in the contemporary journals Astrobiology and the International Journal of Astrobiology to test the hypothesis that astrobiologists are in the early stages of creating their own specialized community. Although still too early to reliably detect any but the largest trends, there is no evidence yet that astrobiologists are drifting into their own isolated discipline. Instead, to date they appear to remain interdisciplinary.

The Boldest New Idea? An End to Bold Ideas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothstein, Richard

2011-01-01

The past two decades have proven that bold, single-factor reform ideas have little power to change the face of education. Pundits and policymakers would have schools and school systems make grand changes to accommodate the reform idea du jour--and then profess the incompetence of schools and teachers when those changes prove less than effective.…

Acid Rain - This cloud has no silver lining

Treesearch

Gail Michaels

2000-01-01

Twenty years ago, acid rain was the environmental cause du jour, a symptom of all that was wrong with humans and their relationship to the environment. Its discovery was accidental, ironic for what turned out to be such a wide-ranging problem. "Hub" Vogelman, a University of Vermont botanist, noticed something troubling in the precipitation data he and his...

Aerodynamic and Related Hydrodynamic Studies Using Water Facilities, Symposium of the Fluid Dynamics Panel Held in Monterey, California on 20-23 October 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

devrait lu assurer encore de beaux jours A notre 6poque marqu6e par is diffusion universelle de l’image couleur imprim6e et tlfivise ; c-est tout au... allocation of staff for such purposes as supplementing local staff for a period of time or educating staff in relation to techniques not available in

Soup "du Jour" and so Much More: A Model for School Leader Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherman, Ross B.; Gill, Peggy B.; Sherman, Cynthia A.

2007-01-01

The future of educational leadership lies in the ability to teach the next generation of leaders how to use their conceptual and intellectual skills; in essence, how to think critically, solve problems appropriately, make decisions cogently and provide leadership to the enterprise. The key to preparing administrators is not "HOW" future leaders…

Les infestations par les poux de tête : une mise à jour clinique.

PubMed

Cummings, Carl; Finlay, Jane C; MacDonald, Noni E

2018-02-01

Les infestations par les poux de tête ( Pediculus humanus capitis ) ne constituent ni un risque sanitaire primaire ni un vecteur de maladie, mais représentent plutôt un problème de société au coût impor- tant. Pour diagnostiquer une infestation, il faut déceler un pou vivant. Même si les pyréthines et la perméthrine demeurent les traitements de première intention au Canada, la solution de myristate d'isopropyle et de ST-cyclométhicone et la diméticone peuvent être envisagées en deuxième intention après un échec thérapeutique démontré.

Bilan de santé chez l’adulte

PubMed Central

Ridley, Jane; Ischayek, Amanda; Dubey, Vinita; Iglar, Karl

2016-01-01

Résumé Objectif Décrire les mises à jour apportées à Soins préventifs - Fiche de contrôle© pour aider les médecins à se tenir au fait des plus récentes recommandations en matière de soins de santé préventifs. Qualité des données Une recension dans la base de données Ovid MEDLINE a été effectuée à l’aide de mots-clés et d’autres paradigmes pertinents au bilan de santé périodique. Des sources secondaires, comme le Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs, l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada, la base de données Trip et l’Infobanque de l’Association médicale canadienne, ont aussi fait l’objet d’une recherche. Nous avons révisé les recommandations relatives aux soins préventifs pour des adultes à risque moyen. Les recommandations de bonne qualité et passables sont présentées respectivement en caractères gras et italiques. Message principal La fiche de contrôle a été mise à jour en fonction des recommandations du Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventif relatives au dépistage de l’obésité (2015), du cancer du col (2013), de la dépression (2013), de l’ostéoporose (2013), de l’hypertension (2012), du diabète (2012, 2013) et du cancer du sein (2011). D’autres mises à jour se fondent sur les recommandations d’autres organisations canadiennes concernant le dépistage du VIH (2013), le dépistage des infections transmises sexuellement (2013), les immunisations (2012 à 2014), le dépistage de la dyslipidémie (2012), le counseling en fertilité chez la femme (2011, 2012) et le dépistage du cancer colorectal (2010). Certaines recommandations antérieures ont été éliminées et d’autres, peu étayées par des données probantes, n’ont pas été incluses. Conclusion Soins préventifs - Fiche de contrôle a été mise à jour pour inclure les recommandations récentes afin de permettre aux médecins de famille d’offrir des soins complets et fondés sur des

Comment on "Timing and nature of the Xinlin-Xiguitu Ocean: constraints from ophiolitic gabbros in the northern Great Xing'an Range, eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt" by Feng et al. (2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, Dong-Hong

2017-09-01

We disagree the transitional supra-subduction zone model of Feng et al. (Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 105:491-505, 2016) for the tectonic setting of Jifeng ophiolite suite in NE China. Existence of the komatiite in the Jifeng ophiolite indicates an oceanic plateau environment for this ophiolite suite within the so-called Xinlin-Xiguitu ocean.

Art Meets Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rohs, C. Renee

2007-01-01

Numerous connections between the visual arts and sciences are evident if we choose to look for them. In February 2006, students and faculty from the Art and Geol/Geog departments at NW Missouri State University put together an exhibit at a local art gallery featuring works that were born out of science, inspired by science, or exploring the…

Markers for geodynamic stability of the Variscan basement: case study for the Montseny-Guilleries High (NE Iberia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parcerisa, David; Franke, Christine; Gómez-Gras, David; Thiry, Médard

2010-05-01

fractures; the degree of albitization-hematisation progressively increases towards the top affecting the whole rock, which acquires a characteristic pink color. Finally, the top of the profile is formed by strongly altered to hematite and kaolinite rich reddish facies. These uppermost parts of the alteration profile are formed by a relatively soft rock and are therefore usually not preserved, but the intermediate albitized parts are more resistant to surface alteration than unaltered facies and protect the peneplain from weathering and erosion. The albitization-hematisation alterations observed in the Montseny-Guilleries peneplain are very similar to the Permian-Triassic paleoalteration profiles observed in other parts of Europe, affecting the Variscan basement [Ricordel et al., 2007; Parcerisa et al., 2009]. Dating these profiles using paleomagnetic methods will help us to identify the location of the Permian-Triassic surface in the area and deduce its geodynamic history during the Mesozoic and Tertiary periods. Anadón, P., Colombo, F., Esteban, M., Marzo, M., Robles, S., Santanach, P., Solé-Sugrañes, L., 1979, Evolución tectonostratigráfica de los Catalánides, Acta Geol. Hisp., 14: 242-270. Gómez-Gras, D., 1993, El Permotrias de la Cordillera Costero Catalana: facies y petrologia sedimentaria (Parte I), Bol. Geol. Min., 104 (2): 115-161. Gómez-Gras, D., Ferrer, C., 1999, Caracterización petrológica de perfiles de meteorización antiguos desarrollados en granitos tardihercínicos de la Cordillera Costero Catalana, Rev. Soc. Geol. Esp., 12(2): 281-299. Juez-Larre, J., Andriessen, P.A.M., 2006, Tectonothermal evolution of the northeastern margin of Iberia since the break-up of Pangea to present, revealed by low-temperature fission-track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology: A case history of the Catalan Coastal Ranges, Earth Planet. Sci. Let., 243 (1-2): 159-180. Juez-Larré, J., Ter Voorde, M., 2009, Thermal impact of the break-up of Pangea on the Iberian Peninsula

Timing, Controls and Tectonic Context of Gold Mineralisation in the Southern Uplands-Longford-Down Terrane, Caledonides, Scotland and Ireland.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rice, Samuel; Cuthbert, Simon; Hursthouse, Andrew

2017-04-01

. Phillips, G.N. and Powell, R., 2009. Earth-Sci. Rev. 94(1-4), 1-21. 2. Rice, C.M., et al., 2016. Econ. Geol., 111(1), 127-150. 3. Anderson, T.B., 1987 J. Geol. Soc., 144(5), 817-825. 4. Steed, G.M. and Morris, G.M., 1986. in: Turbidite-Hosted Gold Deposits, Geol. Ass. Can. Spec. Pap., 67 - 86. 5. Lowry, D., et al., 1997. Trans. Inst. Min. Met. B 106, B157-B168. 6. Samson, I.M. and Banks D.A., 1988. Min. Dep., 1988. 23, 1-8. 7. Brown, M.J., et al., 1979. MRP Rept. 30. 8. Charley, M.J., Hazleton, R.E. and Tear, S.J., 1989. Trans. Inst. of Min. Met. B98, 48-49. 9. Leake, R.C., et al., 1981, MRP Rept. 46. 10. Dewey, J.F. and Strachan, R.A., 2003. J. Geol. Soc., 160(2), 219-229.

Partners in Flight – Working for Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Western Hemisphere

Treesearch

Terrell D. Rich

2005-01-01

In 1990, a group of far-sighted individuals from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service launched the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Initiative. At the time, few people noticed. New programs are launched all the time. In government, at least, it is easy to become cynical about the initiative du jour, the latest vision statement,...

Ocean Acoustic Observatory Federation

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-09-30

range detection and localization of blue whale calls in the northeast Pacific Ocean ousing military hydrophone arrays, Jour. Acoust . Soc. Am., vol. 104...3616- 3624, 1998 . 5 Stafford , Kathleen M., Sharon L. Nieukirk, and Christopher G. Fox, Low-frequency whale sounds recorded on hydrophones... Stafford , Kathleen M., Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Vocalizations recorded in the North Pacific Ocean: Geographic, Seasonal, and Diel Variation,

Field-Induced Phenomena in Electrical Insulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-29

Dis- charges," Jour. of App. Phys., Vol. 55, No. 1, 1984, pp. 9-14. 112 • ’ -. ; . - -. A " . i . . .- L ."L 35. A. Tomago and T. Suzuki, "A New...Impregnated with Supercritical Helium," IEE PROC., Vol. 129, pt. A, No. 3, 1982, pp. 176-182. 31. A. Tomago , et. al., "Development of Oil-Impregnated, All

Localized fluid discharge in subduction zones: Insights from tension veins around an ancient megasplay fault (Nobeoka Thrust, SW Japan)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otsubo, M.; Hardebeck, J.; Miyakawa, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Kimura, G.

2017-12-01

Fluid-rock interactions along seismogenic faults are of great importance to understand fault mechanics. The fluid loss by the formation of mode I cracks (tension cracks) increases the fault strength and creates drainage asperities along the plate interface (Sibson, 2013, Tectonophysics). The Nobeoka Thrust, in southwestern Japan, is an on-land example of an ancient megasplay fault and provides an excellent record of deformation and fluid flow at seismogenic depths of a subduction zone (Kondo et al., 2005, Tectonics). We focus on (1) Pore fluid pressure loss, (2) Amount of fault strength recovery, and (3) Fluid circulation by the formation of mode I cracks in the post-seismic period around the fault zone of the Nobeoka Thrust. Many quartz veins that filled mode I crack at the coastal outcrops suggest a normal faulting stress regime after faulting of the Nobeoka Thrust (Otsubo et al., 2016, Island Arc). We estimated the decrease of the pore fluid pressure by the formation of the mode I cracks around the Nobeoka Thrust in the post-seismic period. When the pore fluid pressure exceeds σ3, veins filling mode I cracks are constructed (Jolly and Sanderson, 1997, Jour. Struct. Geol.). We call the pore fluid pressure that exceeds σ3 "pore fluid over pressure". The differential stress in the post-seismic period and the driving pore fluid pressure ratio P* (P* = (Pf - σ3) / (σ1 - σ3), Pf: pore fluid pressure) are parameters to estimate the pore fluid over pressure. In the case of the Nobeoka Thrust (P* = 0.4, Otsubo et al., 2016, Island Arc), the pore fluid over pressure is up to 20 MPa (assuming tensile strength = 10 MPa). 20 MPa is equivalent to <10% of the total pore fluid pressure around the Nobeoka Thrust (depth = 10 km, density = 2.7 kg/m3). When the pore fluid pressure decreases by 4%, the normalized pore pressure ratio λ* (λ* = (Pf - Ph) / (Pl - Ph), Pl: lithostatic pressure; Ph: hydrostatic pressure) changes from 0.95 to 0.86. In the case of the Nobeoka Thrust

Judo principles and practices: applications to conflict-solving strategies in psychotherapy.

PubMed

Gleser, J; Brown, P

1988-07-01

Jigoro Kano created judo from ju-jitsu techniques. He realized that the Ju principle of both judo and ju-jitsu as the art of yielding, was that of living and changing. The principle of yielding has been applied in dynamic and directive psychotherapies for many years and was recently linked to the Ju principle in martial arts. After several years of using a modified judo practice as a therapeutic tool, and applying the principle of yielding as a dynamic conflict-solving strategy, the authors discovered judo principles applicable to conflict solving, particularly for regressed and violent psychotic patients.

Sacroiliites infectieuses dans le centre tunisien: étude rétrospective de 25 cas

PubMed Central

Bellazreg, Foued; Alaya, Zeineb; Hattab, Zouhour; Lasfar, Nadia Ben; Ayeche, Mohamed Laziz Ben; Bouajina, Elyes; Letaief, Amel; Hachfi, Wissem

2016-01-01

Les sacroiliites infectieuses sont rares mais peuvent se compliquer de séquelles fonctionnelles invalidantes. Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et bactériologiques des sacroiliites infectieuses chez les patients suivis à Sousse, Centre Tunisien. Etude rétrospective, descriptive, des cas de sacroiliites infectieuses chez les patients hospitalisés à Sousse entre 2000 et 2015. Le diagnostic a été retenu devant des signes cliniques, d'imagerie, et microbiologiques évocateurs. Vingt-cinq patients, 10 hommes et 15 femmes, d’âge moyen 41 ans (19-78) ont été inclus. Les sacroiliites étaient dues à des bactéries pyogènes dans 14 cas (56%), brucelliennes dans 6 cas (24%), et tuberculeuses dans 5 cas (20%). La durée moyenne d’évolution était de 61, 45 et 402 jours respectivement. Les signes cliniques les plus fréquents étaient les douleurs fessières (92%) et la fièvre (88%). La radiographie standard était anormale dans 75% des cas. La TDM et l'IRM sacro-iliaques dans tous les cas. Le diagnostic a été confirmé bactériologiquement dans 24 cas (96%). La durée moyenne d'antibiothérapie était de 83 jours dans les sacroiliites à pyogènes, et de 102 jours dans les SI brucelliennes. L’évolution était favorable chez 12 patients (48%), 9 patients (36%) ont gardé une douleur sacro-iliaque séquellaire, et 4 patients (16%) sont décédés. Dans notre étude, la durée d’évolution de la sacroiliite infectieuse ne permettait pas de prédire la bactérie responsable, d'où la nécessité d'obtenir une documentation bactériologique afin de prescrire une antibiothérapie appropriée. PMID:27583067

Mise à jour technique sur la physiologie et l'évaluation du liquide amniotique.

PubMed

Lim, Kenneth I; Butt, Kimberly; Naud, Kentia; Smithies, Mila

2017-01-01

RéSULTATS: SOURCES DES DONNéES PROBANTES: Nous avons effectué une recherche sur MEDLINE et Kfinder pour trouver des articles pertinents, puis avons examiné les bibliographies des articles retenus, notamment des revues Cochrane et des articles de revue récents. Les données recueillies ont été analysées par le Comité d'imagerie diagnostique de la Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. Les recommandations ont été classées selon les critères établis par le Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs (Tableau 1). AVANTAGES, DéSAVANTAGES ET COûTS: En obstétrique moderne, l'évaluation du volume de liquide amniotique par échographie fait partie intégrante de l'évaluation fœtale. Toute anomalie donne lieu à une intervention obstétricale et à des examens approfondis. Au Canada, il n'existe aucune définition normalisée associée à l'estimation du volume de liquide amniotique ni aucune approche d'évaluation uniforme. Plusieurs essais randomisés semblent indiquer que l'évaluation de poche unique, plutôt que de plusieurs poches (indice de liquide amniotique), diminue les interventions obstétricales sans augmenter l'incidence de résultats indésirables. La littérature récente laisse croire que des changements légers, mais détectables du liquide amniotique peuvent survenir une heure ou deux suivant des manœuvres physiologiques normales, ce qui pourrait expliquer la variabilité et le manque de cohérence des résultats d'évaluations répétées en peu de temps et ainsi créer de la confusion et donner lieu à d'autres examens. Le présent article vise à décrire les limites de l'évaluation du volume de liquide amniotique, à promouvoir une méthode d'évaluation normalisée et à proposer un ensemble commun de définitions. DéCLARATIONS SOMMAIRES: RECOMMANDATION. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The use of multifractal modelling for targeting resources from soil and stream geochemistry data: the case of the Variscan basement of the Iberian Peninsula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonçalves, Mario; Mateus, Antonio

2016-04-01

The safeguarding of access/use of many critical raw materials for Society requires that much of previously dismissed areas for exploration must be re-evaluated with new criteria in which the significance of "anomaly" should not be treated independently of the geochemical signals of the ore-forming processes and how the different chemical elements are interrelated. For much of the previous decade, several multifractal methods were methodically being refined as automatic tools to analyze and detect geochemical anomalies. These included the early concentration-area method (Cheng et al., 1994), singularity mapping (Cheng, 2007), and spectrum-area (Cheng et al., 2000), which has been recently combined with the bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (Xu et al., 2016) as a tool to separate different contributing sources of an otherwise complex geochemical pattern. We propose yet another approach, the use of geochemical indexes, which links to the geological and ore-forming processes known to define a given region in order to assess much of these numerical approaches. Therefore, we picked several areas from the Variscan basement in Portugal, with different geologic and metallogentic contexts, some of them previously analyzed with multifractal methods (Gonçalves et al., 2001; Jesus et al., 2013) and a multi-element geochemical campaign on which to test the different multifractal methods combined with the geochemical indexes, as an advantageous alternative to principal component mapping, for example. Some preliminary essays with stochastic models similar to those reported in Gonçalves (2001) and Agterberg (2007), with different overprinted pulses are presented as well. Acknowledgments: This is a contribution from UID/GEO/50019/2013 - Instituto Dom Luiz, supported by FCT. Agterberg, 2007, Math. Geol., 39, 1. Cheng et al, 1994, J. Geochem. Explor., 51, 109. Cheng et al., 2000, Nat. Resour. Res, 9, 43. Cheng, 2007, Ore Geol. Rev., 32, 314. Gonçalves, 2001, Math. Geol

Stability and Support Operations, Intervening Armed Forces and the Population They Serve: Defining a Doctrine

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-24

Chauvancy, Le moral du soldat occidental dans les nouveaux contextes d’intervention » (The Western Soldier Moral In The New Intervention Environment). MARS...Lawrence A. “Military Stability and Support Operations: Analogies, Patterns And Recurring Themes”. Military Review 4 (July-august 1997): 51. WEB SITES...And General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1967. BOOKS IN FRENCH Corvisier, André. Histoire militaire de la France, 4. de 1940 à nos jours

Final Report: Multi-Scale Analysis of Deformation and Failure in Polycrystalline Titanium Alloys Under High Strain-Rates

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-28

Masoud Anahid, Mahendra K. Samal , and Somnath Ghosh. Dwell fatigue crack nucleation model based on crystal plasticity finite element simulations of...induced crack nucleation in polycrystals. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 17, 064009. 19. Anahid, M., Samal , M. K. & Ghosh, S. (2011). Dwell fatigue...Jour. Plas., 24:428–454, 2008. 4. M. Anahid, M. K. Samal , and S. Ghosh. Dwell fatigue crack nucleation model based on crystal plasticity finite

Boardroom disclosure. In light of recent corporate scandals, AHA board execs debate whether they should serve on the boards of for-profit companies.

PubMed

Galloro, Vince

2002-12-02

Corporate integrity is the topic du jour, and now it has emerged among the leadership of the American Hospital Association, where a divide exists over whether AHA board executives should serve concurrently on the boards of for-profit firms selling goods to hospitals. Fred Brown (left), AHA chairman in 1999, is one of several former AHA chair officers who served on the boards of privately held firms during their tenures.

Consumer Perception of Retail Pork Bacon Attributes Using Adaptive Choice-based Conjoint Analysis and Maximum Differential Scaling.

PubMed

McLean, K G; Hanson, D J; Jervis, S M; Drake, M A

2017-11-01

Bacon is one of the most recognizable consumer pork products and is differentiated by appearance, flavor, thickness, and several possible product claims. The objective of this study was to explore the attributes of retail bacon that influence consumers to purchase and consume bacon. An Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint (ACBC) survey was designed for attributes of raw American-style bacon. An ACBC survey (N = 1410 consumers) and Kano questioning were applied to determine the key attributes that influenced consumer purchase. Attributes included package size, brand, thickness, label claims, flavor, price, and images of the bacon package displaying fat:lean ratio. Maximum Difference Scaling (MaxDiff) was used to rank appeal of 20 different bacon images with variable fat:lean ration and slice shape. The most important attribute for bacon purchase was price followed by fat:lean appearance and then flavor. Three consumer clusters were identified with distinct preferences. For 2 clusters, price was not the primary attribute. Understanding preferences of distinct consumer clusters will enable manufacturers to target consumers and make more appealing bacon. Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint (ACBC) is a research technique that allows consumers to react to assembled products and identify product attributes that they prefer. Kano questions allow researchers to look at the individual aspects of a product and understand consumer sentiment and expectations towards those product qualities while Maximum Difference scaling allows consumers to directly rank single attributes of a product relative to one another. A combination of these 3 approaches can provide key understandings on consumer perception of retail bacon allowing companies to optimize and maximize their development and advertising resources. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.

Aeroradioactivity Survey and Areal Geology of Parts of East-Central New York and West-Central New England (ARMS-I)

DTIC Science & Technology

1964-10-01

27. J. A. MacFadyen, Jr., The Geology of the Bennington Area Vermont , Vermont Geol. Survey, Bull. No. 7, 71 pp. (1956). 28. M. P. Billings, J. B...14 3. Aeroradioactivity Profile in the Keene and Brattleboro Quadrangles, New Hampshire and Vermont , Showing Relationship to Bedrock Geology and...Quadrangles, New Hampshire and Vermont , Showing Radioactivity Units, Geology , and Flight Lines . 20 4b. Aeroradioactivity Profiles along Flight Lines 178

The Kano Model: Identification of Handbook Attributes to Learn in Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szymczak, Michal; Kowal, Krzysztof

2016-01-01

Purpose: Statistics shows terrifying tendencies in people' unwillingness to develop themselves by reading books. The situation is even more serious if we look at companies and their employees. People want to be specialists, but in fact reading culture in companies is rare. Many actions which are undertaken to reverse this trend may lead to sales…

Application of the Kano-Hamilton multiangle inversion method in clear atmospheres

Treesearch

Mariana Adam; Vladimir A. Kovalev; Cyle Wold; Jenny Newton; Markus Pahlow; Wei M. Hao; Marc B. Parlange

2007-01-01

An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth and intercept (proportional to the logarithm of the backscatter coefficient) are determined...

Syndrome coronarien aigue suite à une injection accidentelle intraveineuse de Bupivacaine

PubMed Central

Koita, Siriman Abdoulaye; Bouhabba, Najib; Salaheddine, Fjouji; Bensghir, Mustapha; Charki, Haimeur

2015-01-01

Les erreurs médicamenteuses constituent une complication très redoutable en anesthésie. La fréquence des erreurs médicamenteuses par administration serait de l'ordre 1/10 000 à 1/1000. Nous rapportons un cas d'injection accidentelle de bupivacaine en intraveineuse directe. Il s'agissait d'un jeune patient classé ASA I qui était prévu pour cure chirurgicale d'une hydrocèle unilatérale sous rachianesthésie. Une injection de 12,5 mg de bupivacaine et 25 µg de fentanyl étaient injectés après un reflux net du liquide céphalorachidien sans incident. Après installation de la rachianesthésie, le début de l'intervention était autorisé sans incidents. Une sédation de confort était décidée. Juste après apparaissait des troubles de rythme à type tachycardie ventriculaire avec une élévation de taux de troponines en post opératoire. L’évolution était marquée par une normalisation de la troponine au troisième jour post opératoire et sorti de l'hôpital au cinquième jour. PMID:26889325

Devices and Systems for Nonlinear Optical Information Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

in the VLSI literature [7, 8, 9], in which basic physical principles have been invoked to both understand current VLSI performance and to project...the first time, that in fact accounts for a very wide range of observed but previously unexplained phenomena [Appendix 4; AFOSR Jour. Publ. 7, AFOSR...the variable grating mode liquid crystal device A. R. Tongay. Jr. Abstract. The physical principles of operation of the variable grating mode C. S. Wu

Year Five of Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing System (SEACOOS) Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-15

137 total]. Alvera -Azcarate, A., A. Barth, J.M. Beckers, and R.H. Weisberg, 2007. Multivariate reconstruction of missing data in sea surface...temperature, chlorophyll and wind satellite fields. Jour. Geophys. Res., 112, C03008, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003660. Alvera -Azcarate, A., A. Barth, and R.H...A., J.-M. Beckers, A. Alvera -Azcarate, and R. H. Weisberg, 2007. Filtering inertia-gravity waves from the initial conditions of the linear shallow

A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

Lyons , 1971; Stead and Scamell, 198; Ivancevich and Donnelly, 1974), tenure (Brief, Aldag, Van Sell, Melone,. 1979), higher order need strength (Beehr...JourDnal o _ ft is Psucholoau. 1965, 4 24-33. Lyons .. T.F. Role clarity, need for clarity, satisfaction, tension, * and withdrawal. Oranizational Behavior...82. Ivancevich , J.M. and Donnelly, J.H., Jr. A study of role clarity and need for clarity for three occupational groups. Academ af jt journal. 1974

Stochastic Analysis and Applied Probability(3.3.1): Topics in the Theory and Applications of Stochastic Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-13

is due to Reiman [36] who considered the case where the arrivals and services are mutually independent renewal processes with square integrable summands...to a reflected diffusion process with drift and diffusion coefficients that depend on the state of the process. In models considered in works of Reiman ...the infinity Laplacian. Jour. AMS, to appear [36] M. I. Reiman . Open queueing networks in heavy traffic. Mathematics of Operations Research, 9(3): 441

Techniques for Reaeration of Hydropower Releases.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

peak production from air induction through the baffle ring. The other aeration technique at Norris required modifications to the vacuum-breaker system...of Gas Tracers for Reaeration," Jour. Environ. Div., Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Engr., 104, 215, April. Rathbun, R. E., 1979, "Estimating the Gas and Dye ...or dissolved in the water, and--last but not least--by the decomposition of bottom mud and by oxidation of the decomposition products stirred up out

MX Siting Investigation. Volume IIC. Geotechnical Report, Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range (NBGR).

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-06-30

water holes in the mountain areas (Colton, 1965; Thordarson and Robinson, 1971; Winograd and others, 1971). Surface water conditions within NBGR are...gpm) to a maximum of over 400 gpm at Indian Spring ( Thordarson and Robinson, 1971). Most spring water not retained in catchments is lost to either...The earthquakes of Nevada and the tidal forces: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 18, p. 6013-6018. * Thordarson , W., and Robinson, B. P., 1971

Bathymetric Atlas of the North Pacific Ocean.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey provided nearshore from Novel Oceenoglphic Office neutical chert of various detils around islands and reefs. Nautical...Easter Islands , 1961. Middle America Trench: Topography and struc- Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 110, p. 1-44. ture, Geol. Sec. Amer. Bull., v. 72, p...of volcanic ash layers and turbidito% ini 1956. Clipperton fracture zone in the northeastern equa- the north Pacific, Gal. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 80, p

Active Faults and Earthquake Hazards in the FY 79 Verification Sites - Nevada-Utah Siting Region.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-26

structures, such as shelters and command/control facilities, away from rup- ture hazards. Again, the probability of rupture, the effect of damage and ...accommodate an MCE, and less critical structures (such as the shelters ) designed for a probabilistically determined event, may have merit for the MX...B., and Eaton, G. P., eds., Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western cordillera : Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 152, p. 1-32. Stewart, J. H

Integrated Geophysical and Geological Study of Earthquakes in Normally Aseismic Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-03-01

Missouri: Missouri Geol. Survey and Water Resources, v. 37, series 2, 133 P. Heyl, A.V., Brock, M.R., Jolly, J.L., and Wells , C.E., 1965, Regional...undertaken -to verify and identify features indicated in aerial photograp.s of the eastern United States, as well as to investigate areas of particular...profiles (Jacobeeni i’ projected abrupt changes in Cretaceous or CenoZoic stratigraphy as well log data might indicate, -escarpments (Fisk, 1944

Prise en charge hospitalière de la malnutrition aigue sévère chez l'enfant avec des préparations locales alternatives aux F-75 et F-100: résultats et défis

PubMed Central

Nguefack, Félicitée; Adjahoung, Chritoph Akazong; Keugoung, Basile; Kamgaing, Nelly; Dongmo, Roger

2015-01-01

Introduction La mise en œuvre des directives de l'OMS permettrait de réduire significativement la mortalité hospitalière due à la malnutrition sévère. Cependant, elle n'est pas effective et la pénurie en aliments thérapeutiques est l'une des principales causes. L’étude décrit notre expérience sur la prise en charge hospitalière de la malnutrition aigue sévère avec des laits alternatifs aux F75 et F100 composés localement. Méthodes Il s'agissait d'un essai clinique non randomisé. La prise en charge des patients utilisait les laits composés localement et une évaluation quotidienne du gain pondéral était faite. Résultats L’étude a porté sur 41 sujets âgés de 6 à 59 mois. Au total, 73,2% avaient le kwashiorkor-marasmique, 17,0% le kwashiorkor, 9,8% le marasme et 41,5% étaient infectés par le VIH. Nous avons noté une prise progressive du poids d'environ 10 g/kg/jour vers le 7ème jour et de 15 à 20 g/kg/jour en fin d'hospitalisation. Le taux de mortalité était de 21,9% soit une réduction de 8,4% des chiffres antérieurs. Conclusion Malgré les obstacles financiers liés au coût des ingrédients, les préparations lactées alternatives aux standards F75 et F100, sont adaptables dans notre contexte. En l'absence des formules standards de l'OMS et lorsque la référence vers une structure qui en disposent n'est pas possible, les préparations locales permettraient de réhabiliter efficacement les patients. D'autres recherches pointues permettraient de tirer les ingrédients uniquement de notre environnement. Elles contribueraient ainsi à minimiser les couts des préparations et de favoriser la pérennisation des laits thérapeutiques locaux. PMID:26587175

Etiologies et pronostic des occlusions intestinales aigues mécaniques à l’Hôpital National de Zinder: étude transversale sur 171 patients

PubMed Central

Adamou, Harissou; Magagi, Ibrahim Amadou; Habou, Oumarou; Magagi, Amadou; Maazou, Halidou; Adamou, Mansour; Harouna, Yacouba

2016-01-01

L’occlusion intestinale aigue (OIA) mécanique, représente l’une des pathologies les plus fréquentes en chirurgie digestive d’urgence. L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire les aspects étiologiques et pronostiques des occlusions intestinales aigues mécaniques à l’Hôpital National de Zinder (HNZ), Niger. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale sur 24 mois (Janvier 2013 à Décembre 2014) ayant inclus tous les patients opérés pour OIA. Les occlusions intestinales mécaniques représentaient 24,50% (n=171) des urgences chirurgicales digestives (n=622). L’âge médian était à 25 ans (extrêmes: 1 jour et 95 ans). Le sexe ratio était à 3,5 en faveur des hommes. Les enfants représentaient 38,60% (n=66). Le siège de l’obstacle était sur le grêle dans 60,82% (n=104), colique dans 21,63%(n=37) et mixte dans 17,54% (n=30). Le mécanisme par strangulation constituait 88,89% (n=152) dont les hernies étranglées avec 49,70% (n=85) et les invaginations intestinales aigues avec 19,88% (n=34) des patients. Les malformations ano-rectales et les tumeurs constituaient les principales étiologies par obstruction avec respectivement 7,02% (n=12) et 3,51% (n=6). Une résection intestinale était faite dans 52 cas (30,41%). Les complications septiques prédominaient (n=39/53), dont la suppuration pariétale (n=23). Le séjour moyen était de 7,82 jours. La mortalité globale était 11,70% (n=20). Celle-ci était corrélée statistiquement à la nécrose intestinale (p=0,01) et au retard d’admission (p=0,04). Les étiologies des OIA sont multiples et dominées par les hernies étranglées. La morbi-mortalité élevée qu’elles entrainent pourrait être évitée par la prise en charge précoce avant l’installation d’une nécrose intestinale. PMID:27800103

Words Du Jour: An Analysis of Traditional and Transitional Course Descriptors at Select J-Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spillman, Mary; Kuban, Adam J.; Smith, Suzy J.

2017-01-01

Journalism education may be at a tipping point. It is unclear, however, what new form curricula might take. Through an analysis of individual course titles and descriptions that appeared in the 2013-2014 undergraduate catalogs of 68 selected universities, this exploratory study finds that most departments/schools are not offering classes that…

Correlation of Survival Rates of Anopheles dirus A (Diptera: Culicidae) with Different Infection Densities of Plasmodium cynomolgi

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

rhesus, le premier indemne, le second infeste par Plasmodium cynomolgi. Vingt moustiques gorges de sang constituaient le groupe temoin non infest& et...60 autres moustiques infest& ont ete divises en trois groupes de 20 moustiques (groupes infest& 1, 2 et 3). On a evaI& le nombre moyen d’oocystes...port& par les moustiques en dissequant ceux du groupe 1 au septieme jour de I’etude; on a recherche la presence de sporozo’ites dans les glandes

Annotated Bibliography of Publications from the U.S. Navy’s Marine Mammal Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

1984 Dolphin biosonar detection in clutter: Variation in the payoff matrix. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76(3):955-957. A bottlenose dolphin was trained to...Tursiops biosonar detection in noise. In: Animal Sonar Systems, pp. 957-959 (ed. R.-G. Busnel and J. F. Fish), Plenum Press. In a detection problem in a...82 and 87 dB, the click trains became shorter and latencies were longer. Penner. R. H., and J. Kadane 1980 Biosonar interpulse interval as an

Characterizing Containment and Related Classes of Graphs,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

Math . to appear. [G2] Golumbic,. Martin C., D. Rotem and J. Urrutia. "Comparability graphs and intersection graphs" Discrete Math . 43 (1983) 37-40. [G3...intersection classes of graphs" Discrete Math . to appear. [S2] Scheinerman, Edward R. Intersection Classes and Multiple Intersection Parameters of Graphs...graphs and of interval graphs" Canad. Jour. of blath. 16 (1964) 539-548. [G1] Golumbic, Martin C. "Containment graphs: and. intersection graphs" Discrete

Post-Deployment Reintegration Measure: Psychometric Replication and Preliminary Validation Results

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

soudain au pays et la reprise des fonctions et activités « normales » peuvent engendrer un stress significatif chez le personnel militaire. Notre...Contexte : Après un séjour prolongé outre-mer, le retour soudain aux fonctions et activités normales peut engendrer un stress significatif chez...Johnson et al ., 1997; Wilson & Krause, 1985). For instance, participants in a focus group study of Canadian Forces (CF) personnel indicated that it

Post-deployment Reintegration Measure: Psychometric Replication and Preliminary Validation Results

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

soudain au pays et la reprise des fonctions et activités « normales » peuvent engendrer un stress significatif chez le personnel militaire. Notre...Contexte : Après un séjour prolongé outre-mer, le retour soudain aux fonctions et activités normales peut engendrer un stress significatif chez...Johnson et al ., 1997; Wilson & Krause, 1985). For instance, participants in a focus group study of Canadian Forces (CF) personnel indicated that it

Mechanical Failure Prognosis Through Oil Debris Monitoring

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

laboratories. The writer first heard of it from Hakkenburg of the Caterpillar Tractor Company at the ASLE/ ASME 16 Chiu, Y. P., et al, "Refinement...34Examination of Abrasion Resistance Criteria for Some Ductile Metals," ASME Jour, of Lubr. Tech. 96F, 210-214 and 246 (1974). 21 Leonard, L...failures during five months in 1970. 28 Littmann, W. E., et al, "The role of Lubrication in Propagation of Con- tact Fatigue Cracks," Trans. ASME

Error Processing Techniques for the Modified Read Facsimile Code.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

suppose la cr~ation d’un support commun pour tout** les informations, une vtritable " Banque do dones". repartic sur des moyens detraitement nationaux...Veisctnce dv 20 rdgions. Dos calculateurs ant #td implant~s done le pass# au main@ dans toutem lea plus important**. On trouve ainsi des machines Bull...rA, un certain nombre dlentre eux devront n~cessairement etre mc- cesaiblos, voire min & jour en temps rdel :parmi, ccs derniers le fichier commercial

Some Topics in Stochastic Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-14

general result in the study of such diffusion approximations is due to Reiman [27] who considered the case where the arrivals and services are mutually...state of the process. In models considered in works of Reiman and Yamada, the underlying topology of the network is the same as that of a Jackson...Sheffield and D. B. Wilson. Tug-of-war and the infinity Laplacian. Jour. AMS, to appear [27] M. I. Reiman . Open queueing networks in heavy traffic

Epilepsy and Education in developing countries: a survey of school teachers’ knowledge about epilepsy and their attitude towards students with epilepsy in Northwestern Nigeria

PubMed Central

Owolabi, Lukman Femi; Shehu, Naziru Muhammad; Owolabi, Shakirah Desola

2014-01-01

Introduction Students living with epilepsy still find themselves confronted with social barriers that prevent them from academic achievements. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of school teachers and to determine the factors associated with good knowledge and positive attitude among nursery, primary and secondary school teachers in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods A 20-item validated semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered to 200 teachers, selected through multistage sampling technique, in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Results The respondents comprised 124 (62%) males and 76(38%) females. Their age ranged between 17 and 55 with a median age of 26 years. All the respondents have heard or read about epilepsy, 13% have had students with epilepsy in their classes before, fifty one (25.5%) of them would object to having an epileptic child in their class. To one hundred and seventy one (85.5%) all seizures were convulsive, 81% of them admitted to not havingadequate knowledge of the initial procedure should their student develop epileptic seizure, 60% believed that epileptic student should be separated from non-epileptic students in the classroom and 44.5% of them preferred alternative medicine. Overall, fifty nine (29.5%) teachers had fair to good knowledge about epilepsy. and one hundred and sixty four (82%) had positive attitude to students with epilepsy. Statistically significant association was found between level of education attained by the respondents and good knowledge about epilepsy as well as between female gender and good attitude. However, none of the variables was statistically significant predictor of knowledge or attitude among the respondents. Conclusion There was low level of knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy but fair attitude towards epileptic students in Northwestern Nigeria. Higher level of education of the teachers was significantly associated with good attitude. PMID:25489360

Epilepsy and education in developing countries: a survey of school teachers' knowledge about epilepsy and their attitude towards students with epilepsy in Northwestern Nigeria.

PubMed

Owolabi, Lukman Femi; Shehu, Naziru Muhammad; Owolabi, Shakirah Desola

2014-01-01

Students living with epilepsy still find themselves confronted with social barriers that prevent them from academic achievements. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of school teachers and to determine the factors associated with good knowledge and positive attitude among nursery, primary and secondary school teachers in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. A 20-item validated semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered to 200 teachers, selected through multistage sampling technique, in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. The respondents comprised 124 (62%) males and 76(38%) females. Their age ranged between 17 and 55 with a median age of 26 years. All the respondents have heard or read about epilepsy, 13% have had students with epilepsy in their classes before, fifty one (25.5%) of them would object to having an epileptic child in their class. To one hundred and seventy one (85.5%) all seizures were convulsive, 81% of them admitted to not having adequate knowledge of the initial procedure should their student develop epileptic seizure, 60% believed that epileptic student should be separated from non-epileptic students in the classroom and 44.5% of them preferred alternative medicine. Overall, fifty nine (29.5%) teachers had fair to good knowledge about epilepsy. and one hundred and sixty four (82%) had positive attitude to students with epilepsy. Statistically significant association was found between level of education attained by the respondents and good knowledge about epilepsy as well as between female gender and good attitude. However, none of the variables was statistically significant predictor of knowledge or attitude among the respondents. There was low level of knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy but fair attitude towards epileptic students in Northwestern Nigeria. Higher level of education of the teachers was significantly associated with good attitude.

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of brines - comparing isotope ratio mass spectrometry and isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahrens, Christian; Koeniger, Paul; van Geldern, Robert; Stadler, Susanne

2013-04-01

up to full saturation. References Lécuyer, C. et al. (2009). Chem. Geol., 264, 122-126. [doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.017] Martineau, F. et al. (2012). Chem. Geol., 291, 236-240. [doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.017] Stadler, S. et al. (2012). Chem. Geol., 294-295, 226-242. [doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.006

An Approach to the Quantitative Study of Sea Floor Topography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

Basement in the Pacific Ocean MAGNETIC TOTAL RMS ANOMALY SPREADING RELIEF MEAN RMS RIDGE WINDOW RATE (cm/yr) (meters) RELIEF (meters) Nazca-Cocos 0-2’ 6 104...investigation. V. CONCLUSIONS The sea floor and the lithologic boundaries below it can generally be thought of as interfaces of acoustic impedance mismatch... Magnetic Anomalies , and Plate Tectonic History of the Mouth of the Gulf of California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 83, p. 3345-3360. Luyendyk, B. P

AMSAHTS 󈨞: Advances in Materials Science and Applications of High Temperature Superconductors Held in Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD on April 2-6, 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Millhn, I. Rasines* Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales , CSIC Serrano 113, 28006 Madrid, Spain. J.A. Camps, Facultad de Ciencias Geol6gicas, UCM Ciudad...L2080-L2081, 1987. 28. J. Amador, M.T. Casais, C. Cascales, A. Castro and I. Rasines, "Sintesis y ca- racterizaci6n de nuevos 6xidos superconductores...Ciencia de Materiales (Spain) REICK, Franklin Fluoramics, Inc. REILEY, Don PTO/Mech/Gen Classification Gp ROMANOFSKY, Robert NASA Headquarters ROYTBURD, A

Synthetic Seismogram Modeling.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-15

various phases ( designated A, B, C, etc.) are indicated on the seismic record section at the top of the diagram. The observed travel times show a good...structure of the Yellowstone aperture seismic array (LAS), Moatana, U.S. region and experiment design , J. Geophys. Geol. Suwv. Open File Rep. 1671, 1972. Res...also display little For clarity in both typography and conitext, we coherence in waveform or even in the envelope of shall henceforth write -P-bar in

Papers Selected for Presentation at the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (16th) Held at Buenos Aires, Argentina on 2-9 June 1982. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

ARGENTINA Oscar Dominguez and Stella Carballo .............. 355 STUDIES ON SOME URBAN PROBLEMS USING AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSORS IN SANTIAGO, CHILE ...SAN JUAN ARGENTINA) (1) Silvia Lendaro de Gianni (2,3) Enrique Uliarte (I) Centro Regional de Agua Subterrgnea (2) Universidad Nacional de San Juan act...Hidrogeol6gico para refuerzo do la provisi6n de agua " a Puerto Deseado. In4dito. - Pezzuchi, Hugo Daniel (1978) "studio Geol6gico de la zona de Lstancia Dos

Reinterpreting the history of women's judo in Japan.

PubMed

Miarka, Bianca; Marques, Juliana Bastos; Franchini, Emerson

2011-01-01

This paper reassesses the role of women in judo in Japan, from its secluded and restricted beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the gradual changes in gender and social paradigms triggered by the influence of Western feminist struggle from the 1960s onwards. Judo has been considered in theory an inclusive martial art because its creator, Jigoro Kano, stressed safety, etiquette and moral teachings irrespective of age, size or gender of its adherents. However, the social and cultural environment in Japan has traditionally discriminated against women both outside and inside the dojo (training place). We treat this issue historically, considering the broader context of the Japanese social, political and cultural developments.

Identification of Flaws Responsible for Crack Initiation and Micromechanisms of Slow Crack Growth in the Delayed Fracture of Alumina.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

ntsitycrOtained Alumina in 50 % Relative Humidity . 123 (1) the material constants under a certain environment, A, B, and n in eq. (2-14) and eq. (2-15), evalu... Fatigue Crack Growth," Int. Jour. Fract., 17 (1981) 235-247. 3. S.M. Wiederhorn, " Effects of Environment on the Fracture of Glass," Environment-Sensitive...Distribution of Alumina 4 1 34 2-11 Schematic Drawing of Variation in Effective Critical Stress Intensity Factor, KC ff with Crack Length Relative to Grain

The Northern Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus alascanus).

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

finally lured out of the nest with a show of food. Kussman (1976, cited in Diss. Abst. Intern. 38(3):1033-D) studied post- fledging behavior of eagles...Frenzel, L. D., G. Juenemann, and J. Kussman 1973 Behavioral Aspects of Eagle Nest Surveys. pp 33-36 in: Bald Eagle Nest Survey Workshop, 15 Aug. U.S...J. Ligas, and W. B. Robertson, Jr. 1970 Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Residues in Bald Eagle Eggs. Pestic. Monit. Jour., 3(3): 136-140. Kussman , J

Measurement of Compression Factor and Error Sensitivity Factor of Five Selected Two-Dimensional Facsimile Coding Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

et do $a mise en oeuvre done tie r~glon-pilote. La g~n~ralisation ultdrieure do lapplication realis~t dane cette region-pilote depend des reaultats...informiation*, une v~sritable " Banque tie donn(’es", ropartle stir des nioyens detraitoment nationaux et roglonaux, et qui devra rester alinientoe, mime A jour...tiouveaux 4 inettre en place pour aborder la roalisation du aysttme informatif. L’obligation tie fait e appel il des ordinateut’s tie troisi~me gcon

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES); Special Issue on Electromagnetics and High Performance Computing. Vol. 13, No. 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-07-01

author’s responsibility to obtain written permission to reproduce such material. 1 " vssmwmato srÄmaöNfTT fWi««-ii|<.1iw »■■«. i-i...interesting to compare papers in the issue with previous special issues of other jour- nals and monographs, for example [ 1 , 2]. HPC issues first attracted...environment, in particular the Kendall Square Research KSR- 1 . Fast algorithms have attracted considerable atten- tion in the CEM community, since they

Evaluacion de los recursos potenciales del petroleo y gas, en Centro y Suramerica [Evaluation of potential petroleum and gas resources in Central and South America

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schenk, C.S.

2001-01-01

El Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS, por sus siglas en inglés) completó recientemente un estudio evaluativo de recursos potenciales de petróleo y gas en 130 provincias de petróleo seleccionadas en diferentes partes del mundo (USGS, 2000). De estas 130 provincias, 23 se encuentran en Suramérica, Centroamérica, y la región del Caribe (fig. 1). El estudio comprendió desde las provincias de petróleo establecidas con un largo historial de producción, como la Cuenca de Maracaibo, hasta las provincias fronterizas de poca o ninguna producción, como la Cuenca de Guyana-Suriname. No todas las provincias con historial de producción o con potencial de producción fueron evaluadas en el Estudio Evaluativo USGS 2000. Al presente, el USGS está evaluando muchas de las provincias restantes de petróleo y gas, en Centro y Suramérica. En cada provincia hemos (1) definido geológicamente el total de los sistemas de petróleo, (2) definido las unidades evaluadas que forman parte de todos los sistemas de petróleo, y (3) evaluado el volumen potencial de petróleo y gas convencional en cada unidad evaluada. Definimos un total de 26 sistemas de petróleo y 55 unidades evaluadas en las 23 provincias

Contraceptive choices among grand multiparous women at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano.

PubMed

Rabiu, Ayyuba; Abubakar, Idris Sulaiman; Garba, Ibrahim; Haruna, Iman Usman

2016-01-01

Grand multiparity is known to be associated with pregnancy complications. Nigeria with a contraceptive prevalence of <15% and culture of early marriage in the northern part of the country, many women get to grand multiparity early in their obstetric carriers. These women contribute significantly to the bad obstetric performance indices in the country. The present study was to explore the contraceptive choices among grand multiparous women. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study among grand multiparous women attending an antenatal clinic. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, contraceptive choices, and factors that influence such choices. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18. There were 219 respondents. The mean age was 33.05 ± 3.17, and the mean parity was 6.48 ± 1.83. Most of the respondents (208, 95.50%) were aware of modern contraceptive methods, and oral contraceptive was the method of most of the respondents (197, 90.00%). Only 92 (42.00%) were currently using a modern contraceptive method. Being convenient for the lifestyle was the reason for the choice of a contraceptive method by many of the respondents (42, 19.10%). There was high awareness of modern contraceptive methods; however, there was low use prevalence among respondents, and the desire for more pregnancy was the reason for the nonuse.

Psychometric assessment of the Wagnild and Young's resilience scale in Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Abiola, Tajudeen; Udofia, Owoidoho

2011-11-23

Resilience seemed to lie at the core of the recent promotion of positive mental health and wellbeing. This concept has been well studied in western countries and less in developing countries, particularly Nigeria. The aim of the study is therefore, to demonstrate the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the Resilience Scale (RS) and its 14-item short version (RS-14) in a Nigerian sample. The RS, RS-14, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and two screening questions on experience of recent and upcoming distress were administered to 70 clinical students who consented to participate after a major professional examination. Internal consistency and convergent validity were assessed. The participants mean age was 22.50 years (SD = 0.60). The mean score of RS and RS-14 were 130.23 (SD = 17.08) and 74.17 (SD = 10.14) respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the RS was 0.87 and that of the RS-14 was 0.81. The mean RS score by gender was 132.04 (SD = 19.08) and 126.52 (SD = 11.50) for males and females respectively and the difference was significant (t = 2.50; p = 0.012). The correlation of RS with RS-14 (r = 0.97; p = 0.000), the HADS depression (r = -0.28; p = 0.017) and anxiety (r = -0.26; p = 0.028) subscales, were significant. The corresponding t-test values for the means of RS and RS-14 scores for both cases and non-cases as determined by HADS, were significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 for the depression and anxiety subscales respectively. The difference between RS means of those who experienced distress (38/125.69) to those that did not (32/134.05) from the recent clinical examination was also significant (t = 2.01; p = 0.045). The study confirms that the RS and RS-14 may be potentially useful instruments to measure resilience in Nigerians.

A Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Wave-Generated Foam Patterns in the Surf Zone

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-10

region, rectange B depicts the gap region, rectangle C is the plunging breaker, circle D represents a foam hole, rectangle E depict a top box...structures: The hidden skeleton of fluid flows . Phys. Today, 66, 41–47. 35 V. CONCLUSION Unique surf zone imagery, acquired from a UAV at Sand City...MacMahan, J. H., E . B . Thornton, T. P. Stanton, and A. J. H. M. Reniers, 2005: RIPEX: Observations of a rip current system. Mar. Geol., 218, 113–134

Computational Material Modeling of Hydrated Cement Paste Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) Chemistry Structure - Influence of Magnesium Exchange on Mechanical Stiffness: C-S-H Jennite

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-27

MODELING OF C-S-H Material chemistry level modeling following the principles and techniques commonly grouped under Computational Material Science is...Henmi, C. and Kusachi, I. Monoclinic tobermorite from fuka, bitchu-cho, Okoyama Perfecture. Japan J. Min. Petr. Econ . Geol. (1989)84:374-379. [22...31] Liu, Y. et al. First principles study of the stability and mechanical properties of MC (M=Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta) compounds. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. (2014) 582:500-504. 10

Geological-Seismological Evaluation of Earthquake Hazards for Appurtenant Structures at Gathright Dam, Virginia

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

1979, Late Holocene faulting and earthquake recurrence in the Reelfoot Lake area, northwestern Tennessee, Bull, Geol. Soc. Am.. vol. J. pp. 1013-1018...upstream from Covington, Virginia. The dam is located in northern Alleghany County and the majority of the reservoir, Lake Moomaw, is located in southern...Bath County. Lake Moomaw is approximately 12 miles (19 km) long and ranges from less than 1/4 to 1-1/2 miles (1/2 to 2-1/2 km) in width. Gathright Dam

Stratigraphical evidence of late Amazonian periglaciation and glaciation in the Astapus Colles region of Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soare, Richard J.; Osinski, Gordon R.

2009-07-01

Recent modeling of the meteorological conditions during and following times of high obliquity suggests that an icy mantle could have been emplaced in western Utopia Planitia by atmospheric deposition during the late Amazonian period [Costard, F.M., Forget, F., Madeleine, J.B., Soare, R.J., Kargel, J.S., 2008. Lunar Planet. Sci. 39. Abstract 1274; Madeleine, B., Forget, F., Head, J.W., Levrard, B., Montmessin, F., 2007. Lunar Planet. Sci. 38. Abstract 1778]. Astapus Colles (ABa) is a late Amazonian geological unit - located in this hypothesized area of accumulation - that comprises an icy mantle tens of meters thick [Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888]. For the most part, this unit drapes the early Amazonian Vastitas Borealis interior unit (ABvi); to a lesser degree it overlies the early Amazonian Vastitas Borealis marginal unit (ABvm) and the early to late Hesperian UP plains unit HBu2 [Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888]. Landscapes possibly modified by late-Amazonian periglacial processes [Costard, F.M., Kargel, J.S., 1995. Icarus 114, 93-112; McBride, S.A., Allen, C.C., Bell, M.S., 2005. Lunar Planet. Sci. 36. Abstract 1090; Morgenstern, A., Hauber, E., Reiss, D., van Gasselt, S., Grosse, G., Schirrmeister, L., 2007. J. Geophys. Res. 112, doi:10.1029/2006JE002869. E06010; Seibert, N.M., Kargel, J.S., 2001. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 899-902; Soare, R.J., Kargel, J.S., Osinski, G.R., Costard, F., 2007. Icarus 191, 95-112; Soare, R.J., Osinski, G.R., Roehm, C.L., 2008. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 272, 382-393] and glacial processes [Milliken, R.E., Mustard, J.F., Goldsby, D.L., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (E6), doi:10.1029/2002JE002005. 5057; Mustard, J.F., Cooper, C.D., Rifkin, M.K., 2001. Nature 412, 411-414; Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888] have been reported within the region. Researchers have assumed that the

Vent Complexes above Dolerite Sills in Phanerozoic LIPs: Implications for Proterozoic LIPs and IOCG Deposits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ernst, R. E.; Bleeker, W.; Svensen, H.; Planke, S.; Polozov, A. G.

2009-05-01

side of Great Bear Lake [11], be the cause of both the Wernecke Breccias of the Yukon (with their hematite, Cu, Co, U and Au mineralization) and the Olympic Dam giant IOCG deposit of the Gawler craton of Australia, which was probably an adjacent block at this time [12, 11]? A dramatic expansion of new targets for IOCGs potentially could be achieved via a systematic survey of sill provinces associated with Proterozoic and Paleozoic LIPs from around the world, with a special focus on those in which the host sediments are evaporate-rich, with the goal of identifying mineralized HVCs. [1] Hitzman, 2000, In: Porter (ed.) v.1; PGC Publishing; [2] Williams et al., 2005, Econ. Geol; [3] Corriveau, 2007, GAC Min. Dep. Div. Spec. Pub 5; [4] Jamtveit et al., 2004, In: Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 234; [5] Planke et al., 2005, In: Dore & Vining (eds) Geol. Soc. London; [6] Svensen et al., 2006, J. Geol. Soc. London; [7] Svensen et al., 2008, EPSL; [8] Buchan & Ernst, 2004 GSC. Map 2022A; [9] Jefferson et al., 1994, GSC. OF 2789; [10] Rainbird, 1998, GSC OF File 3671; [11] Hamilton & Buchan 2007, GSA Ann. Mtg ; [12] Thorkelson et al., 2001, Prec. Res.

Contribution of small and medium enterprises to economic development: Evidence from a transiting economy.

PubMed

Obi, James; Ibidunni, Ayodotun Stephen; Tolulope, Atolagbe; Olokundun, Maxwell Ayodele; Amaihian, Augusta Bosede; Borishade, Taiye Tairat; Fred, Peter

2018-06-01

The focus of this research was to present a data article on the contribution of SMEs to economic development in a transiting economy. Descriptive research design was adopted in this study. Data were obtained from 600 respondents in 60 small-scale enterprises located in different parts of the country (20 small-scale enterprises located in Lagos State, 20 in Anambra State and 20 in Kano State of Nigeria respectively). Data analysis was carried out using tables and percentages and the null hypotheses of the study was tested using chi-square ( X 2 ) inferential statistical model at 5% level of significance. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the operation of small and medium-scale enterprises and economic growth in developing nations.

Text mining meets workflow: linking U-Compare with Taverna

PubMed Central

Kano, Yoshinobu; Dobson, Paul; Nakanishi, Mio; Tsujii, Jun'ichi; Ananiadou, Sophia

2010-01-01

Summary: Text mining from the biomedical literature is of increasing importance, yet it is not easy for the bioinformatics community to create and run text mining workflows due to the lack of accessibility and interoperability of the text mining resources. The U-Compare system provides a wide range of bio text mining resources in a highly interoperable workflow environment where workflows can very easily be created, executed, evaluated and visualized without coding. We have linked U-Compare to Taverna, a generic workflow system, to expose text mining functionality to the bioinformatics community. Availability: http://u-compare.org/taverna.html, http://u-compare.org Contact: kano@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:20709690

Prevalence and correlates of gender-based violence among female university students in Northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Zubairu; Abubakar, Isa S; Aliyu, Muktar H; Galadanci, Hadiza S; Salihu, Hamisu M

2011-09-01

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health and human rights problem worldwide. The extent of this problem in educational institutions has not been explored in Northern Nigeria. Using self administered questionnaires, we determined the prevalence and risk factors for gender-based violence among 300 female university students in Kano, Northern Nigeria. The overall prevalence of gender-based violence was 58.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 52.9% to 64.5%]. Specifically, 22.8%, 22.2% and 50.8% of students experienced physical, sexual or emotional violence respectively. Religious affiliation ethnicity, indigeneship, marital status, campus residence and faculty affiliation were significant predictors of GBV. GBV awareness creation programs, legal protection and implementation of an effective redress mechanism are recommended to curb this menace.

Evolution post-opératoire des séquelles de tuberculose pulmonaire chez les séropositifs VIH

PubMed Central

Grégoire, Ayegnon Kouakou; Flavien, Kendja Hypolite; Raphaël, Ouédé; Démine, Blaise; Christophe, Ménéas Gueu; Marie, Ano Kounangui; Hervé, Yangni-Angaté Koffi; Yves, Tanauh

2014-01-01

Cette étude rapporte les aspects cliniques et évolutifs des séquelles pulmonaires tuberculeuses (SPT) opérées chez les séropositifs (VIH+). Il s'agit d'une étude prospective transversale réalisée entre Novembre 2005 et Octobre 2012. Elle a porté sur 20 patients VIH+, ayant dans leurs antécédents, une tuberculose pulmonaire (TP) traitée et déclarée guérie, et admise dans ladite période pour une chirurgie de la SPT secondaire. Une enquête sérologique VIH a été réalisée systématiquement au cours du bilan pré-opératoire. Le diagnostic pré-opératoire de la SPT, la mortalité, les complications post- opératoires (CPOP), le séjour hospitalier, le suivi à moyen terme des STP opérées ont été évalués. Les séropositifs étaient VIH1+ (n = 12; 60%), VIH1&2+ (n = 4; 20%) et VIH2+ (n = 4; 20%). La durée moyenne d’évolution des STP était de 26,22 ± 21,3 mois. Les STP étaient les pyothorax ou pleurésies enkystées (n = 16; 80%), le poumon détruit (n = 2;10%) et les dilatations de bronches (n = 2;10%). Les VIH+ ne présentaient pas d'aspergillome pulmonaire. Le séjour hospitalier moyen était 13,1 ± 10,2 jours. Le suivi total était de 82 patients-année avec une moyenne de suivi de 4,2 ± 2,3 ans (extrêmes: 1 et 7 ans). Le taux de mortalité à court et moyen terme était nul. Aucun décès post-opératoire immédiat n'a été noté. Les CPOP immédiates étaient les bullages prolongés chez 75% des immunodéprimés. Les CPOP tardives (n = 3) étaient un syndrome restrictif pulmonaire, un pyothorax persistant et une pachypleurite résiduelle restrictive. A court terme, le taux de guérison radiologique était de 80% (n = 16). PMID:24932331

Les conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo: une étude transversale à propos de 159 nouveau-nés

PubMed Central

Kokou, Vonor; Nidain, Maneh; Kassoula, Nononsaa Batomguela; Kwassi, Fiaty- Amenouvor; Meba, Banla; Patrice, Balo Komi

2016-01-01

Introduction Le but de l’étude était décrire les aspects épidémiologiques des conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo. Methodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale dans les 4 Unités Sanitaires Périphériques du canton de Glidji du 19 Mars au 13 Mai 2009 soit 8 semaines. Tous les nouveau-nés ont été inclus et la conjonctivite néonatale était définie par la présence chez un nouveau-né d'au moins deux des signes suivants: hyperhémie conjonctivale, œdème palpébral, chémosis, sécrétions purulentes, larmoiement. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l’âge, le sexe, les facteurs de risque, les antécédents, la présence ou non de conjonctivite, les germes en causes et l’évolution sous traitement. Resultats Sur la période, 159 nouveau-nés ont été examinés. L’âge moyen était de 10,9 jours avec des extrêmes de 0 à 28 jours. Il y avait 80 garçons pour 79 filles soit un sex-ratio de 1,01. Sur les 159 nouveau-nés, 7 cas de conjonctivite ont été diagnostiqués soit une prévalence de 4,4%. Les facteurs de risque identifiés étaient l'accouchement par voie basse et la présence d'IST chez la mère pendant la grossesse. Sur les 7 cas de conjonctivite, l'examen cytobactériologique a permis d'isoler le staphylococcus aureus dans 2 cas. L’évolution des cas de conjonctivite sous traitement était favorable avec régression des signes dès le 3è jour. Conclusion Les conjonctivites néonatales avaient une prévalence de 4,4% dans le canton de Glidji au sud du Togo et le staphylocoque doré était le germe en cause. Leur prévention passe par un bon suivi lors de la consultation prénatale et l'instillation de collyre antibiotique à la naissance PMID:27642383

Building Resilient Communities Workshop Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2014 CSSP-2013-CD-1120...EMBC) [ Gestion des urgences Colombie-Britannique], le Programme canadien pour la sûreté et la sécurité (PCSS) et Recherche et développement pour la ...comptes rendus de la mise à jour du rapport du RCERD sur la résilience des communautés autochtones. L’événement a aussi donné une tribune pour un groupe

Effects of Self-Esteem and Mortality Salience on Attitudes Toward Canadian Security: Exploring the Significance of Implicit-Explicit and Personal-Collective Distinctions (Les Effets de L’Estime de soi et de la Pregnance de la Mort sur les Attitudes a L’Egard de la Securite Canadienne: Analyse de L’Importance des Distinctions entre Implicite et Explicite d’une Part et entre Personnel et Collectif D’Autre Part)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2011 DRDC Toronto TR... la gestion de la terreur, c’est parce que les êtres humains sont les seuls à posséder la capacité de comprendre la finitude de la vie qu’ils ont...entre autres l’adhésion à une vision du monde culturellement significative et un sentiment de sécurité basé sur l’estime de soi. À ce jour,

Seismic Discrimination at Regional Distance.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-21

AD-A127 430 SEISMIC DISCRIMINATION AT REGIONAL D SiANCE U) NEVADA 1/ UNIVRENO SE SMOLOGICA LAB K FPRIESTLYE L 21 MAR 83 AFO0R-TR-83-0276 AFOSR-81...D.C. 20332 15a, OECLASSIFICATION. OOWNGRADING 14. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report) Un.L"ltedI i UnlJ= d ~ API IOVe8! for’ publ Io ’el easi...mentl Studies of Rock Friction wuF& Application to Zarihquake Pred- iction, 55-77. Hill. D . P. (1977). A model for earthquake swarms, Jour. Ceophys

Extensive decarbonation of continuously hydrated subducting slabs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzilli, F.; Burton, M. R.; La Spina, G.; Macpherson, C.

2016-12-01

CO2 release from subducting slabs is a key element of Earth's carbon cycle, consigning slab carbon either to mantle burial or recycling to the surface through arc volcanism, however, what controls subducted carbon's fate is poorly understood. Fluids mobilized by devolatilization of subducting slabs play a fundamental role in the melting of mantle wedges and in global geochemical cycles [1]. The effect of such fluids on decarbonation in subducting lithologies has been investigated recently [2-5] but mechanisms of carbon transfer from the slab to wedge are poorly understood [2-6]. Several thermodynamic models [2-3], and experimental studies [6] suggest that carbon-bearing phases are stable at sub-arc depths (80-140 km; 2.6-4.5 GPa), implying that this carbon can be subducted to mantle depths of >140 km. This is inconsistent with observations of voluminous CO2 release from arc volcanoes [7-10], located above slabs that are at 2.6-4.5 GPa pressure. Here, we show that continuous hydrated of sediment veneers on subducting slabs by H2O released from oceanic crust and serpentinised mantle lithosphere [11-13], produces extensive slab decarbonation over a narrow, sub-arc pressure range, even for low temperature subduction pathways. This explains the location of CO2-rich volcanism, quantitatively links the sedimentary composition of slab material to the degree of decarbonation and greatly increases estimates for the magnitude of carbon flux through the arc in subduction zones. [1] Hilton, D.R. et al. (2002) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47, 319-370. [2] Gorman, P.J. et al. (2006) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 7. [3] Kerrick, D.M. and Connolly, J.A.D. (2001) Nature 411, 293-296. [4] Cook-Kollars, J. et al. (2014) Chem. Geol. 386, 31-48. [5] Collins, N.C. et al. (2015) Chem. Geol. 412, 132-150. [6] Poli, S. et al. (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, 350-360. [7] Sano, Y. and Williams, S.N. (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2749-2752. [8] Marty, B. and Tolstikhin, I.N. (1998) Chem. Geol

An Earth Summit in a Large General Education Oceanography Class

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dodson, H.; Prothero, W. A.

2001-12-01

An Earth Summit approach in UCSB's undergraduate physical oceanography course has raised student interest level while it also supports the course goals of increased learner awareness of the process of science, and critical analysis of scientific claims. At the beginning of the quarter, each group of students chooses a country to represent in the Earth Summit. During the course of the quarter, these groups relate each of the class themes to their chosen country. Themes include 1) ocean basins and plate tectonics, 2) atmospheres, oceans and climate, and 3) fisheries. Students acquire and utilize Earth data to support their positions. Earth data sources include the "Our Dynamic Planet" CDROM (http://oceanography.geol.ucsb.edu/ODP_Advert/odp_onepage.htm), NOAA's ocean and climate database (http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/las/), WorldWatcher CD (http://www.worldwatcher.northwestern.edu/) and JPL's Seawinds web site (http://haifung.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html). During the atmospheres, oceans and climate theme, students choose from 12 mini-studies that use various kinds of on-line Earth data related to important global or regional phenomena relevant to the course. The Earth datasets that the students access for their analysis include: winds; atmospheric pressure; ocean chemistry; sea surface temperature; solar radiation; precipitation, etc. The first group of 6 mini-studies focus on atmosphere and ocean, and are: 1) global winds and surface currents, 2) atmosphere and ocean interactions, 3) stratospheric ozone depletion, 4) El Nino, 5) Indian monsoon, and 6) deep ocean circulation. The second group focus on the Earth's heat budget and climate and are: 1) influence of man's activities on the climate, 2) the greenhouse effect, 3) seasonal variation and the Earth's heat budget, 4) global warming, 5) paleoclimate, and 6) volcanoes and climate. The students use what they have learned in these mini-studies to address atmospheric and climatic issues pertinent to their specific Earth

Consommation des produits lactés chez l’enfant et l’adolescent marocain de 2 à 16 ans: une étude monocentrique Consumption of milk products among Moroccan children and adolescents aged 2-16 years: a monocentric study

PubMed Central

Berrani, Hajar; Alaoui, Asmae Mdaghri; Ettair, Said; Mouane, Nezha; Izgua, Amal Thimou

2017-01-01

Introduction Evaluer la consommation quotidienne des produits laitiers dans une population d’enfants marocains et déterminer les facteurs associés pouvant influencer cette consommation. Méthodes Etude prospective du 1er octobre 2013 au 31 avril 2014. Les enfants âgés entre 2 et 16 ans ont été inclus. Le recrutement a eu lieu dans la ville de Fès. Le recueil des données s’est fait à l’aide d’un questionnaire fréquentiel. Les parents et les enfants inclus ont été interrogés sur la consommation des produits laitiers et les facteurs socio-démographiques avec une évaluation anthropométrique des enfants. L’association des variables à la consommation des produits laitiers a été analysée en analyse univariée et multivariée par un modèle de régression logistique. Résultats L’enquête alimentaire avait intéressé 286 enfants dont 151 filles (52,8 %) et 131 garçons (45,8%). Les enfants âgés de 2 à 3 ans représentaient 26,4 %, ceux âgés de 4 à 7 ans 28,9 %, ceux âgés de 7 à 9 ans 18,3 % et les adolescents âgés de 10 à 16 ans 26,4 %. Les enfants consommaient en moyenne 2.5±1 produits laitiers par jour. Les enfants consommaient au moins 3 produits laitiers par jour dans 57,8% chez les enfants âgés de 2 à 3 ans, 53,6% chez les enfants âgés de 4 à 6 ans, 40% chez les enfants âgés de 7 à 9 ans et 41.2% chez les enfants âgés de 10 à 16 ans. Les facteurs associés à la consommation de trois produits laitiers minimum par jour en analyse univariée étaient le niveau d’instruction maternel analphabète p < 0.001 OR = 0.1 et primaire p = 0.002 OR = 0.1, le niveau socioéconomique familial moyen p < 0.001 OR = 3, l’âge p= 0.01 OR = 0.9 et l’indice de masse corporelle normal p = 0.01 OR = 2.5 et > 90° percentiles p < 0.001 OR = 6. Il existe un lien positif entre l’indice de masse corporelle > 90° percentiles p = 0.01 OR = 3.9 est et la quantité consommée des produits laitiers et négatif avec le faible niveau

Economic Benefit of Introducing a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Kano State Nigeria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, K. A.; Afolabi, S.; Nda, M.; Daura, H. A.

2018-04-01

The objective of this study is to know the variables use in quantifying economic benefits of public transport project, contribution of public transport to economic productivity This paper attempts to provide a Road User Cost (RUC) comparison of current usage of Buses and Cars in three different stages which are the present time, do nothing and the introduction of new modes. Vehicle operating cost (VOC), value of time (VOT), pollution cost, accident cost and environmental cost are calculated in other to know the benefits for their abilities to ensure accessibility and mobility, reduce accidents and reduce environmental loss. The study stretch involves an 11.1 km of 2-lane divided carriageway road connecting Kabuga bus stop to Janguza market. Social costs which included accident costs, accident cost of cars (private modes) were found to be 50 times the accident cost of bus accidents. California Air Resource Board (CARB) model was adopted to evaluate Environmental costs. The total road user costs were then obtained to provide comparative evaluation among the study modes. Furthermore, the multiple future scenarios were created to provide understanding about the need for inclusion of other modes. In this regard, this paper provided a framework for the cost evaluation for an urban area and results indicate that buses are more cost-effective in transportation of equivalent number of passengers.

A Multi-Site Knowledge Attitude and Practice Survey of Ebola Virus Disease in Nigeria

PubMed Central

Iliyasu, Garba; Ogoina, Dimie; Otu, Akan A.; Dayyab, Farouq M.; Ebenso, Bassey; Otokpa, Daniel; Rotifa, Stella; Olomo, Wisdom T.; Habib, Abdulrazaq G.

2015-01-01

Background The 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was characterised by fear, misconceptions and irrational behaviours. We conducted a knowledge attitude and practice survey of EVD in Nigeria to inform implementation of effective control measures. Methods Between July 30th and September 30th 2014, we undertook a cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) among adults of the general population and healthcare workers (HCW) in three states of Nigeria, namely Bayelsa, Cross River and Kano states. Demographic information and data on KAP were obtained using a self-administered standardized questionnaire. The percentage KAP scores were categorised as good and poor. Independent predictors of good knowledge of EVD were ascertained using a binary logistic regression model. Results Out of 1035 study participants with median age of 32 years, 648 (62.6%) were males, 846 (81.7%) had tertiary education and 441 (42.6%) were HCW. There were 218, 239 and 578 respondents from Bayelsa, Cross River and Kano states respectively. The overall median percentage KAP scores and interquartile ranges (IQR) were 79.46% (15.07%), 95.0% (33.33%) and 49.95% (37.50%) respectively. Out of the 1035 respondents, 470 (45.4%), 544(52.56%) and 252 (24.35%) had good KAP of EVD defined using 80%, 90% and 70% score cut-offs respectively. Independent predictors of good knowledge of EVD were being a HCW (Odds Ratio-OR-2.89, 95% Confidence interval-CI of 1.41–5.90), reporting ‘moderate to high fear of EVD’ (OR-2.15, 95% CI-(1.47–3.13) and ‘willingness to modify habit’ (OR-1.68, 95% CI-1.23–2.30). Conclusion Our results reveal suboptimal EVD-related knowledge, attitude and practice among adults in Nigeria. To effectively control future outbreaks of EVD in Nigeria, there is a need to implement public sensitization programmes that improve understanding of EVD and address EVD-related myths and misconceptions, especially among the general

Extrinsic attributes that influence parents' purchase of chocolate milk for their children.

PubMed

Li, Xiaomeng E; Lopetcharat, Kannapon; Drake, MaryAnne

2014-07-01

The consumption of milk is essential for children's heath; and flavored milk, especially chocolate milk, is often purchased to increase children's milk consumption. However, the sugar content of chocolate milk has raised health concerns. As such, it is important to understand chocolate milk extrinsic attributes that influence parents' purchase decisions when they are purchasing chocolate milk for their children. The objective of this study was to determine the key extrinsic attributes for parents when they purchase chocolate milk for their children. An online survey with a conjoint analysis design, emotions questions, and Kano questionnaire that focused on chocolate milk was conducted targeting parents. Three hundred and twelve parents participated in the survey. Parents reported positive emotions including good, good natured, happy, loving, and satisfied when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids. Three segments of parents were identified with subtle but distinct differences in their key preferences for chocolate milk attributes for their children. Type of sweetener was the primary driver of choice for purchasing chocolate milk for children followed by fat content. Among sweetener types, natural noncaloric/nonnutritive sweeteners or sucrose were preferred over artificial sweeteners, and reduced fat was preferred over full fat or skim milk. Kano results revealed that reduced fat and sugar with an all natural label and added vitamins, minerals, and protein were attractive to the majority of parents when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids. Understanding the driving extrinsic attributes for parents when they purchase chocolate milk for their children will assist manufacturers to target extrinsic attributes that are attractive to parents for chocolate milk. This study established that sweetener type and fat content are the primary extrinsic attributes affecting parents purchase decisions when choosing chocolate milk for their children. Different segments of

Sleep Pattern and Sleep Hygiene Practices among Nigerian Schooling Adolescents

PubMed Central

Peter, Igoche David; Adamu, Halima; Asani, Mustafa O.; Aliyu, Ibrahim; Sabo, Umar A.; Umar, Umar I.

2017-01-01

Background: Sleep problems, especially in the adolescent stage of development, may be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired neurocognitive function, and a host of others leading to suboptimal performance. Objectives: To determine the pattern of sleep problems in school-going adolescents based on the bedtime problems; excessive daytime sleepiness; awakenings during the night and problems falling back asleep; regularity and duration of sleep; sleep-disordered breathing (BEARS) sleep screening algorithm. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 353 secondary school-going adolescents in Kano metropolis. Subjects were selected for the study using multistage sampling technique. The study lasted from March 2015 to July 2015. Sleep problems were screened for using the BEARS sleep screening algorithm. Tables were used to present the qualitative data. The various BEARS sleep patterns were assessed, and comparison between stages of adolescence was done using Chi-square test (and Fisher's exact test where necessary). A significant association was considered at P < 0.05. Results: Of the 353 adolescents studied, 61.8% were males while 38.2% were females with male, female ratio of 1.6:1. Early, middle, and late adolescents constituted 13.9%, 39.9%, 46.2% respectively. BEARS sleep screening revealed awakenings during the night (34.6%) as the most common sleep-related problem reported, and this was followed by excessive daytime sleepiness (21.0%). Age-group dependent sleep duration was 7.19 ± 1.26, 7.13 ± 1.13, 7.16 ± 1.28, with P > 0.05. Although 62.9% of all the adolescents watched TV/play video games until 1 h before going to bed and this was highest in late adolescence, it was not statistically significantly associated with any of the sleep problems. Conclusion: Both the quality and quantity of sleep in Nigerian adolescents in Kano is suboptimal. Adolescent and sleep medicine should receive more attention in our

Carbon storage potential in Pleistocene volcanic rocks of the Magnesia area (Central Greece)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koutsovitis, Petros; Koukouzas, Nikolaos; Magganas, Andreas

2017-04-01

applying in situ and under certain preconditions ex situ [8] geologic carbon capture and storage (CCS) practices. This is due to the textural properties of the volcanic and pyroclastic rocks that are characterized by their high porosity, the chemistry of the rocks, as they contain rather high amounts of Ca, Mg, Fe - the necessary chemical constituents for forming stable carbonate minerals, but also because of the relatively short distance of the outcrop of the rocks with the industrial area of Volos city. It should be noted some of the studied samples already incorporate calcite within the pores, demonstrating the capability of these rocks for CCS applications. An estimated amount of about 3 tons of CO2, dissolved in water, could be stored in the frames of a small pilot project either in the Porfyrio or the Mikrothives volcanics, considering that the average porosity of these volcanics is about 20%. CO2 storage could be possibly applied at a depth greater than 400 meters below the surface, occupying a minimum area of about 104 m3 [cf. 7]. References. [1] Fytikas et al. 1984: Geol Soc London Sp Publ 17, 687-699; [2] Pe-Piper and Piper 2007: Geol Soc Am Sp Pap 418, 17-31; [3] Innocenti et al. 2010: Journal Geol Soc London 167, 475-489; [4] Rochelle, et al. 2004: Geol Soc London Sp Publ 233, 87-106; [5] Rosenbauer et al. 2012: Geoch et Cosmoch Acta 89, 116-133; [6] Matter, et al., 2007: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8; [7] Matter, et al., 2016: Science 352, 1312-1314.; [8] Rigopoulos et al. 2016: Journal CO2 Utilization 16, 361-370.

Répartition des dépôts carbonatés du Lias inférieur et moyen le long de la côte atlantique du Maroc: conséquences sur la paléogéographie de l'Atlantique naissant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dresnay, Renaud Du

Along the Atlantic coast of Morocco a series of embayments or basins including the Essaouira-Jebel Amsittène and Tarfaya-Laayoune basins, contain marine sediments which may attain considerable thickness and whose Early Jurassic (Liassic) age has been well documented. This paper describes Liassic deposits from six exposures or drill holes between the Saharan coast of Tarfaya and the Essaouira-Jebel Amsittène region. These Atlantic basins do not connect with the marine troughs of the High and Middle Atlas, which follow a Mediterranean Tethys trend, but are separated from them by a SSW-NNE trending threshold made up of the axial portion of the central Hercynian Massif (Moroccan Meseta). Their opening to the ancestral Mediterranean must have been farther north, probably by means of interconnecting, WSW-ENE trending rift-related graben trenches, possibly starting with the Rharb (Kenitra) basin. More likely, however, openingsexisted beneath the present nappes of the Rif and along the undoubtedly wide fracture zone represented by the Azores-Gibraltar line separating the Rif terrain from that of the Betic Cordilleras (both of which contain well dated marine Hettangian). Farther SW, probably hidden by the sedimentary prism of the African continental shelf, connections may exist with the Liassic occurrence of Central America, as already suggested by Avias (1953. Sci. Terre1 (1), 1-276; 1956. 20° Congr. géol. Intern Mexico, Secc. II, 1-5), shown in a figure by Erben (1956b. Neues Jb. geol. paläontol. Abh., Stuttgart 103, 28-79), and subsequently upheld by Hallam (1971a. J. Geol. Chicago79 (2), 129-157; 1983. Palaeogeogr. P. clim. P. ecol.43, 181-193) and Thierry (1982. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., Sér. 7, 24, 1053-1067). These lines of communication would have centered on a "Panamanian Strait" ("Panama Strasse") and would have permitted faunal migrations, in particular towards South America. Migrations of certain European and Mesogean faunal species have recently been

The Tyrrhena-Malea Volcanic Province, Mars: Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, D.; Greeley, R.; Ferguson, R.; Kuzmin, R.; McCord, T.; Combe, J.-P.; Head, J.; Xiao, L.; Manfredi, L.; Poulet, F.; Pinet, P.; Baratoux, D.; Plaut, J. J.; Raitala, J.; Neukum, G.

2008-09-01

`softened' appearance of their surfaces, but they do contain pedestal and ejecta flow craters and large, smooth, bright plateaus in their central depressions. This morphology is indicative of a surface with not only a high water ice content, but also a more consolidated material that is less susceptible to degradation (relative to the other four volcanoes). We suggest that Malea and Pityusa (and possibly Peneus) Paterae are Martian equivalents to Earth's giant calderas (e.g., Yellowstone, Long Valley) that erupted large volumes of volcanic materials, and that Malea and Pityusa are probably composed of either lava flows or ignimbrites. HRSC and OMEGA spectral data indicate that dark gray to slightly red materials (often represented as blue or black pixels in HRSC color images), found in the patera floors and topographic lows throughout the T-MVP, have a basaltic composition. A key issue is whether this dark material represents concentrations of underlying basaltic material exposed by aeolian winnowing, or if the material was transported from elsewhere on Mars by regional winds. Understanding the provenance of these dark materials may be the key to understanding the volcanic diversity of the Tyrrhena-Malea Volcanic Province. References [1] Crown, D. and Greeley, R. (2007) U.S. Geol. Surv. Sci. Inves. Ser. Map 2936. [2] Gregg, T., et al. (1998) U.S. Geol. Surv. Map I- 2556. [3] Leonard, G. and Tanaka, K. (2001) U. S. Geol. Survey Misc. Invest. Series Map I-2694. [4] Kolb, E. and Tanaka, K. (2008) Geologic Map of the Planum Australe Region of Mars. U. S. Geol. Survey. Misc. Investigation Series, in review. [5] Peterson, J. (1978) Proc. 9th LPSC, 3411-3432.

Reassessing Geophysical Models of the Bushveld Complex in 3D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, J.; Webb, S. J.; Finn, C.

2012-12-01

dense, thicker crust underneath the Bushveld Complex necessitates the presence of dense material in the central area between the eastern and western lobes. The simplest way to achieve this is to model the mafic component of the Bushveld Complex as a single intrusion. This is similar to what the first students of the Bushveld Complex suggested. Conceptual models are by definition simplified versions of the real situation, and the geometry of the Bushveld Complex is expected to be much more intricate. References Cawthorn, R.G., Cooper, G.R.J., Webb, S.J. (1998). Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. S Afr J Geol, 101, 291-298. Cousins, C.A. (1959). The structure of the mafic portion of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Trans Geol Soc S Afr, 62, 179-189. Du Plessis, A., Kleywegt, R.J. (1987). A dipping sheet model for the mafic lobes of the Bushveld Complex. S Afr J Geol, 90, 1-6. Nguuri, T.K., Gore, J., James, D.E., Webb, S.J., Wright, C., Zengeni, T.G., Gwavava, O., Snoke, J.A. and Kaapvaal Seismic Group. (2001). Crustal structure beneath southern Africa and its implications for the formation and evolution of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons. Geoph Res Lett, 28, 2501-2504. Webb, S.J., Cawthorn, R.G., Nguuri, T., James, D. (2004). Gravity modelling of Bushveld Complex connectivity supported by Southern African Seismic Experiment results, S Afr J Geol, 107, 207-218.

Quantitative challenges to our understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolution of rift basin systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olsen, P. E.; Kent, D. V.

2012-12-01

igneous event known during this long rifting episode. Parallel and correlative accumulation rate changes are seen in several of the other northern basins within central Pangea. Surprisingly, the rate of accommodation growth apparently increased dramatically during this time, because not only did the accumulation rate dramatically increase, the lakes apparently deepened during the same time as a huge volume of CAMP igneous material entered the basins. At the same time, the more southern basins in the southeastern US, apparently ceased to subside (2). Our ability to measure time in these rift basins using the orbitally-paced cycles, coupled with the ability to correlate between the basins using magnetic polarity stratigraphy, challenges us to form new mechanistic explanations and quantitative models to test against this rich library of observations. References: 1) Schlische RW & Olsen PE, 1990, Jour. Geol. 98:135. 2) Schlische et al., 2003, in Hames WE et al. (eds), Geophys. Monogr. 136:61.

Health care for some: a Nigerian study of who gets what, where and why?

PubMed

Stock, R

1985-01-01

The persistent underdevelopment of health in the Third World belies the optimism of the "Health care for all by the year 2000" campaign. In order to understand the underdevelopment of health, it is essential to examine the historical evolution of specific health systems. These ideas are developed in a case study of health care in Kano State, Nigeria. The nature and contemporary development of the health care system, which includes state voluntary agency and private sector outlets for Western scientific medicine and a large and varied traditional medicine sector, are examined. Although the deepening health care crisis may potentially spur a reconsideration of priorities and strategies, past experience suggests that a stubborn retention of a pared-down and increasingly unjust version of the present system is more likely.

Effet paradoxal du type d’excision sur la prise et le délai de cicatrisation des greffes expansées pour le traitement des brûlures aiguës: a propos de 1129 cas

PubMed Central

Guibert, M.; Chaouat, M.; Boccara, D.; Marco, O.; Lavocat, R.; Alameri, O.; Deslandes, E.; Montlahuc, C.; Mimoun, M.

2016-01-01

Summary La greffe de peau mince expansée est très employée dans le traitement des brûlures aiguës. Nous avons étudié l’influence de la préparation du sous-sol sur le taux de prise et le délai de cicatrisation des greffes expansées. Nous avons analysé rétrospectivement les 1 129 greffes expansées réalisées dans notre service entre 1995 et 2005 pour le traitement des brûlures aiguës. Leur taux de prise a été significativement meilleur après une préparation du sous-sol par avulsion (82%) par rapport à une préparation du sous-sol par excision tangentielle (75%). Ce taux était meilleur lorsque l’avulsion était pratiquée dans les 7 jours suivant la brûlure (83% vs 73%). Pour une prise en charge entre 7 et 21 jours, ce taux a semblé être meilleur après excision tangentielle, mais de façon non significative. La durée d’évolution jusqu’à cicatrisation était significativement raccourcie pour une préparation du sous-sol par excision tangentielle par rapport à une préparation du sous-sol par avulsion. Ces résultats montrent, paradoxalement, qu’une préparation du sous-sol par avulsion favorise la prise des greffes expansées mais rallonge leur délai de cicatrisation au contraire de l’excision tangentielle. PMID:28149235

N Isotopes in Nile Sediments (ethiopia, Sudan)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padoan, M.; Villa, I. M.; Garzanti, E.; Galbusera, M.; Quistini, S.; Peruta, L.; El Kammar, A.

2009-04-01

, values vary from 0.51240-0.51242 for tributaries draining basement rocks only (e.g., Gash, wadi Guba) to 0.51275-0.51280 for tributaries draining mostly basaltic rocks (Atbara); tributaries draining both record mixed signals (e.g., 0.51259; Beles). Nd ratios for Atbara sediments correspond closely with signatures of volcanic source rocks (0.51271-0.51298; Pik et al., 1999), revealing involvement of various mantle and crustal components in petrogenesis of flood basalts. Corresponding Nd model ages (tDM) cluster around 0.84 Ga for the mostly volcanic-derived Blue Nile, Atbara, and Main Nile muds, range 1.2 - 1.5 Ga for tributaries draining Ethiopian basement rocks, and reach as high as 2.4 Ga for the Bahr Ez Zeraf. The different Nd isotopic signal between mud and sand samples is closely controlled by mineralogical composition, Nd and other REE being chiefly contributed by ultradense minerals (e.g., monazite), and consequently concentrated in the finest size fractions of each sample (Garzanti et al., 2008). FREYDIER, R., MICHARD, A., DE LANGE G., THOMSON, J., 2001. Nd isotopic composition of Eastern Mediterranean sediments: tracers of the Nile influence during sapropel S1 formation. Mar. Geol., 177, 45-62. GARZANTI, E., ANDÒ, S., VEZZOLI, G., ABDEL MEGID, A.A., EL KAMMAR, A., 2006. Petrology of Nile River sands (Ethiopian and Sudan): Sediment budgets and erosion patterns. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 252, 327-341. GARZANTI, E., ANDÒ, S., VEZZOLI, G., 2008. Settling-equivalence of detrital minerals and grain-size dependence of sediment composition. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 273, 138-151. HARLAVAN Y., GARZANTI, E., PADOAN, M., EL KAMMAR, A. Geochemical characterization of Nile River sands; Rare earth elements, Pb and Sr isotopes of the fine fraction. In preparation. KROM, M.D., CLIFF, R.A., EIJSINK, L.M., HERUT, B., CHESTER, R., 1999a. The characterisation of Saharan dusts and Nile particulate matter in surface sediments from the Levantine basin using Sr isotopes. Mar. Geol

Post-Deployment Reintegration Experiences of AF Personnel: Implications for Scale Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

peuvent également présenter des avantages, notamment une amélioration aux points de vue suivants : confiance en soi , tolérance à l’égard de soi...notamment une amélioration aux points de vue suivants : confiance en soi , tolérance à l’égard de soi, compréhension politique et compétence militaire... confiance en soi , tolérance à l’égard de soi, compréhension politique et compétence militaire. À ce jour, les études sur l’expérience de réinsertion

Stability of loess

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lutenegger, A.J.; Hallberg, G.R.

1988-01-01

Lutenegger, A.J. and Hallberg, G.R., 1988. Stability of loess. Eng. Geol., 25: 247-261. The natural stability of loess soils can be related to fundamental geotechnical properties such as Atterberg limits, water content and void ratio. Field observations of unstable conditions in loess deposits in the upper midwest, U.S.A. show relationships between instability and the in situ moisture content and the liquidity index of the loess. Unstable loess can attain natural moisture contents equal to, or greater than, its liquid limit. Implications of these observations for applied engineering works are described. ?? 1988.

Chronostratigraphic framework for the late Miocene interval of IODP Exp. 355 Site U1457: timing of the C3-C4 transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tauxe, L.; Feakins, S. J.; Liddy, H.; Kulhanek, D. K.; Scardia, G.; Routledge, C.

2017-12-01

Combining magnetostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and isotopic data for the Late Miocene interval of U1457 provides a tight temporal framework for the C3-C4 isotopic transition first documented by Quade et al. (1989) in northern Pakistan. We have re-evaluated the chronological constraints for the shifts recorded in Pakistan, Nepal and India. Records include those from Rhotas (Behrensmeyer et al., 2007), Jalalpur (Johnson et al., 1982, Quade and Cerling, 1995) from Pakistan, Jawalamukhti and Haripur Kola (NW India) in Voegeli et al. (2017) with magnetostratigraphic control from Meigs et al. (1995), and Sangode et al. (1996) and records from Nepal summarized by Quade et al. (1995) with magnetostratigraphic control documented by Ojha et al. (2009). An age for the C3-C4 transition at ca. 7.0 Ma is consistent with all records in hand suggesting that it is possible that the transition occurred simultaneously in the Indian subcontinent Ma (although differences are allowed but not demanded by the data). We also updated the magnetic and nannofossil stratigraphies for IODP Expedition 355, Site U1457, revising the calibration of certain nannofossil datums. These data, combined with geochemical proxy data sensitive to the C3-C4 transition (d13C values of C35 n-alkanes (per mil relative to PD Belemnite) which shows a transition at 648 mcd, lead to the tentative conclusion that the C3-C4 transition recorded at Site U1457 occurred within C3Ar, or also at ca. 7; it is apparently synchronous with the records on the Indian subcontinent. A.K. Behrensmeyer, J. Quade, T. E. Cerling , J. Kappelman, I. A. Khan, P. Copeland, L. Roe, J. Hicks, P. Stubblefield, B. J. Willis, C. Latorre, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 119 1486-1505 (2007). F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz, G. M. Ogg, (2012). N. M. Johnson, N. D. Opdyke, G. D. Johnson, E. H. Lindsay, R. A. K. Tahirkheli, Paleogeo. Paleoclim. and Paleoecol. 37 17-42 (1982). A.J. Meigs, D. W. Burbank, R. A. Beck, Geology 23 423-426 (1995). Ojha

Evidences for the austroalpine - southalpine up-doming after the end of the variscan orogenesis (central and eastern alps)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, S.; Tumiati, S.

2003-04-01

): upper component of the Ivrea-Verbano crustal section; Southern Alps, North Italy and Ticino, Switzerland. Tectonophysics, 182: 103-118 CADEL G., COSI M., PENNACCHIONI G., SPALLA M.I. (1996) - A new map of the Permo-Carboniferous cover and Variscan metamorphic basement in the central Orobic Alps, Southern Alps, Italy: Structural and stratigraphical data. Mem. Sci. Geol., Padova, 48:1-53 CASSINIS G., MONTRASIO A., POTENZA R., VON RAUMER J.F., SACCHI R., ZANFERRARI A. (1974) - Tettonica ercinica nelle Alpi. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., Vol. XIII, suppl. 1, 289-318 CASSINIS G., PEROTTI C.R., VENTURINI C. (1997) - Examples of late Hercynian transtensional tectonics in the Southern Alps (Italy). In: Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum Pacific Events and Their Global Correlation (Ed. Dickins J.M., Yang Z., Yin H., Lucas S.G., Acharyya S.K.), Cambridge University Press. DEL MORO A., NOTARPIETRO A. (1987) - Rb-Sr Geochemistry of some Hercynian granitoids overprinted by eo-Alpine metamorphism in the Upper Valtellina, Central Alps. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 67: 295-306 FROITZHEIM N., MANATSCHAL G. (1996) - Kinematics of Jurassic rifting, mantle exhumation, and passive-margin formation in the Austroalpine and Penninic nappes (eastern Switzerland). GSA Bull., 108-9: 1120-1133 FURRER H. ed. (1985) - Field workshop on Triassic and Jurassic sediments in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland. Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH u. Univ. Zürich, N.F., v. 248, 82 p. MARTIN S., ZATTIN M., DEL MORO A., MACERA P. (1996) - Chronologic constraints for the evolution of the Giudicarie belt (Eastern Alps, NE Italy). Annales Tectonicae, Vol. X, N. 1-2, 60-79 MOTTANA A., NICOLETTI M., PETRUCCIANI C., LIBORIO G., DE CAPITANI L., BOCCHIO R. (1985) - Pre-alpine and alpine eolution of the South-alpine basement of the Orobic Alps. Geol. Rundsch., 74-2: 353-366 NEUBAUER F., HANDLER R. (2000) - Variscan orogeny in the Eastern Alps and Bohemian Massif: How do these units correlate?. Mitt. Österr. Geol. Ges., 92

Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction among Lecturers of Universities in Kano State: Empirical Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kassim, Sulaiman Ibrahim; Bambale, Abdu Jafaru; Jakada, Balarabe A.

2016-01-01

Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction are two concepts of high interest in modern work environment. They serve as a competitive edge in personal and organizational life. The educational system or lecturing profession is one of those within which the individuals could reap great advantage from the knowledge of emotional intelligence owing to…

Pneumomédiastin compliquant une crise d’éclampsie: à propos d'un cas

PubMed Central

Doumiri, Mouhssine; Motiaa, Youssef; Oudghiri, Nezha; Saoud, Anas Tazi

2014-01-01

Le pneumomédiastin associé à l'emphysème sous cutané et le pneumothorax, sont des complications rares de la grossesse et surviennent au cours du travail obstétrical. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une parturiente de 25ans, sans antécédent pathologique particulier, admise pour une crise d’éclampsie à 36 semaines d'aménorrhées avec une mort fœtale et trouble de la conscience. L'examen clinique a montré un emphysème sous cutané étendu du visage jusqu’à l'abdomen sans notion de traumatisme et un score de Glasgow à 10. Après mise en condition, traitement de la crise d’éclampsie, stabilisation de la tension artérielle et retour à l’état de conscience, une TDM cervico-thoraco-abdominale a été demandée et a révélé la présence d'un pneumomédiastin important avec un discret pneumothorax droit postérieur et un pneumopéritoine important qui n'ont pas nécessité de drainage pleural. Deux jours après son admission, la patiente a expulsé un mort-né d'un poids de 1800 grammes avec forceps et sans efforts d'expulsions sous analgésie péridurale. Le contrôle radiologique à une semaine a noté une nette diminution de l'emphysème sous cutané et du pneumomédiastin. La patiente a quitté l'hôpital après dix jours. PMID:25838864

Écologie bactérienne de l'infection nosocomiale au service de réanimation de l'hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, Cameroun

PubMed Central

Njall, Clotilde; Adiogo, Dieudonné; Bita, André; Ateba, Noel; Sume, Gérald; Kollo, Basile; Binam, Fidèle; Tchoua, Romain

2013-01-01

Introduction L'objectif principal de notre étude était d'identifier les bactéries associées à l'infection nosocomiale, dans le service de réanimation, de l'hôpital Laquintinie de Douala en vue d'améliorer la prise en charge et diminuer la létalité. Méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale et descriptive, menée du 1er mars au 31 mai 2011.Tous les patients hospitalisés depuis au moins 48 h étaient inclus dans l’étude et ceux présentant une infection documentée à l'admission étaient exclus. L'analyse des donnés a été faite par le logiciel SPSS 16.Les tests de Khi deux pour la signification. Résultats La prévalence de l'infection nosocomiale était de 12%, elle concernait des personnes âgées de plus de 60 ans et présentant une infection urinaire dans 79% des cas. La létalité était de 72% pour une durée moyenne de séjour de 11,7 ± 12,1 jours. Les bactéries responsables étaient en majorité des bactéries gram positifs (BGN), dont E coli dans 23,1% et les cocci gram positifs(CGP), dans 15,4% des cas. Conclusion L’étude de la résistance aux antibiotiques, montre une multi résistance, dont il faut tenir compte en mettant en place une stratégie de prévention active. PMID:23785545

Analysis of stress changes and fault stability related to CO2 injection at the Tomakomai offshore site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kano, Y.; Funatsu, T.; Nakao, S.; Kusunose, K.; Ishido, T.; Lei, X.; Tosha, T.

2013-12-01

A carbon capture and storage demonstration project is planned at the Tomakomai offshore site, which is located in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, Japan. The project includes geological CO2 storage at a rate of 0.25 Mt/year for three and a half years and a coherent system of capture (from petroleum refineries) and transportation (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2012). Two different reservoirs are candidates: one is the Moebetsu formation which is shallow, gently inclined and composed of relatively homogeneous sandstone, and another is the Takinoue T1 formation which is deep, sharply inclined, overpressured and composed of heterogeneous volcanic rocks. Effects of the CO2 injection are expected to be considerably different between these two reservoirs. As part of a safety assessment, Kano et al. (2013) investigated stress changes and corresponding fault stability in the deeper Takinoue T1 formation, based on an estimated initial stress field and numerically-simulated changes in fluid pressure caused by a planned CO2 injection. One of the important features was that the slip tendency becomes maximal near the top of the dipping Takinoue formation which is substantially shallower than the injection depth. This is thought to be due to a combination of the overpressure and heterogeneous structure. In this presentation we will report results of additional analysis and discuss different behaviours between the Takinoue and Moebetsu formations. Sensitivity to uncertain geomechanical properties such as the friction coefficient and the effects of poro-elastic stress development due to changes in fluid pressure and temperature are also discussed. This research was partly funded and supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. We would like to acknowledge Japan CCS Co., Ltd., for providing their survey and research data on the Tomakomai site. References: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2012. CCS demonstration project at the Tomakomai site (in

"Poverty is the big thing": exploring financial, transportation, and opportunity costs associated with fistula management and repair in Nigeria and Uganda.

PubMed

Keya, Kaji Tamanna; Sripad, Pooja; Nwala, Emmanuel; Warren, Charlotte E

2018-06-01

Women living with obstetric fistula often live in poverty and in remote areas far from hospitals offering surgical repair. These women and their families face a range of costs while accessing fistula repair, some of which include: management of their condition, lost productivity and time, and transport to facilities. This study explores, through women's, communities', and providers' perspectives, the financial, transport, and opportunity cost barriers and enabling factors for seeking repair services. A qualitative approach was applied in Kano and Ebonyi in Nigeria and Hoima and Masaka in Uganda. Between June and December 2015, the study team conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women affected by fistula (n = 52) - including those awaiting repair, living with fistula, and after repair, and their spouses and other family members (n = 17), along with health service providers involved in fistula repair and counseling (n = 38). Focus group discussions (FGDs) with male and female community stakeholders (n = 8) and post-repair clients (n = 6) were also conducted. Women's experiences indicate the obstetric fistula results in a combined set of costs associated with delivery, repair, transportation, lost income, and companion expenses that are often limiting. Medical and non-medical ancillary costs such as food, medications, and water are not borne evenly among all fistula care centers or camps due to funding shortages. In Uganda, experienced transport costs indicate that women spend Ugandan Shilling (UGX) 10,000 to 90,000 (US$3.00-US$25.00) for two people for a single trip to a camp (client and her caregiver), while Nigerian women (Kano) spent Naira 250 to 2000 (US$0.80-US$6.41) for transportation. Factors that influence women's and families' ability to cover costs of fistula care access include education and vocational skills, community savings mechanisms, available resources in repair centers, client counseling, and subsidized care and

N° 342-L'hépatite B et la grossesse.

PubMed

Castillo, Eliana; Murphy, Kellie; van Schalkwyk, Julie

2017-03-01

Examiner l'épidémiologie, l'histoire naturelle, l'évaluation et le traitement de l'infection au virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) durant la grossesse. Cela aidera les fournisseurs de soins obstétricaux à conseiller leurs patientes quant aux risques périnataux et aux options de prise en charge offertes aux femmes enceintes atteintes de l'hépatite B. Les éléments évalués comprennent les seuils de traitement antiviral contre le VHB pour la prévention de la transmission périnatale et pour les interventions effractives durant la grossesse pour les femmes atteintes de l'hépatite B. RéSULTATS: Nous avons recherché dans MEDLINE, Embase et CINAHL des articles en anglais sur les sujets liés à l'infection par le VHB, à la grossesse et à la transmission périnatale publiés de 1966 à mars 2016. Nous n'avons tenu compte que des résultats qui proviennent de revues systématiques, d'essais contrôlés aléatoires ou d'essais cliniques contrôlés et d'études d'observation. Nous avons également étudié d'autres articles (non publiés) trouvés sur les sites Web d'organismes d'évaluation des technologies de la santé et d'autres organismes connexes, dans des collections de directives cliniques et dans des registres d'essais cliniques, et obtenus auprès d'associations nationales et internationales de médecins spécialistes. MéTHODES DE VALIDATION: La qualité des résultats a été évaluée au moyen des critères décrits dans le rapport du Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs (Tableau 1). Les recommandations pour la pratique sont classées selon la méthode décrite dans ce rapport. MISE à JOUR DE DIRECTIVES CLINIQUES: La directive clinique sera évaluée cinq ans après sa publication afin de déterminer si une mise à jour est nécessaire. Cependant, si de nouvelles données probantes importantes sont publiées avant la fin du cycle de cinq ans, le processus peut être accéléré pour mettre à jour rapidement certaines

Care seeking and beliefs about the cause of mental illness among Nigerian psychiatric patients and their families.

PubMed

Aghukwa, Chikaodiri Nkereuwem

2012-06-01

This study examined treatment seeking by 219 psychiatric patients at a teaching hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Patients or their families were interviewed about the types of mental health healers that patients saw before seeking conventional psychiatric treatment and beliefs about the causes of the illness. The length of illness before the psychiatric consultation was 4.5 years, and 99 (45%) respondents reported that patients had previously sought religious healing. A majority of respondents (N=128, 59%) attributed the illness to supernatural forces. Up to 68% and 75% of respondents who believed in a medical or genetic cause of illness, respectively, reported seeking a psychiatric consultation within six months of onset, and about 70% who believed in supernatural forces reported seeking psychiatric consultation five years after onset or later (p<.05). Mental health planners should educate alternative mental health healers and integrate them in the care of mental illness.

Phosphorus zoning in olivine of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fabbrizio, Alessandro; Beckett, John R.; Baker, Michael B.; Stolper, Edward M.

2010-05-01

low P chambers and P enriched zones were also observed; near the margins of the crystals is possible to find the presence of discontinuous sets of P-enriched bands that generally outline euhedral crystal forms; some crystals are characterized by P-enriched ghosts of relict crystals in their interior that are associated with probable undercooling and/or with an initial pulse of rapid crystal growth [8, 10]. Phenocrysts and microphenocrysts are frequently unzoned in major and minor divalent cations (Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Ni), but all are zoned in P. Variations in Cr and Al correlate spatially with P but are much fainter or absents, in some crystal the P-enriched bands are superimposed with small crystals of chromite (≤1 μm) aligned along the P zoning. Probably these chromites were formed by precipitation from the original Cr and Al bands. In no case was observed Ti zoning. [1] Richter D.H. et al. (1970) US Geol Surv Prof Pap 537-E, 73 p. [2] Richter D.H., Moore J.G. (1966) US Geol Surv Prof Pap 537-B, 26 p. [3] Helz R.T. (1980) Bull Volcanol 43-4, 675-701. [4] Helz R.T. et al. (1984) US Geol Surv Open File Rep 84-484, 72 p. [5] Hardee H.C. et al. (1981) Geophys Res Lett 8, 1211-1214. [6] Helz R.T., Wright T.L. (1983) US Geol Surv Open File Rep 83-326, 66 p. [7] Helz R.T. (1987) Geochem Soc Spec Pub 1, 241-258. [8] Beckett J.R. et al. (2008) LPSC abs. 1726. [9] Mccanta M.C. et al. (2008) LPSC abs. 1807. [10] Milmann-Barris M.S. et al. (2008) CMP 155, 739-765. [11] Mccanta M.C. et al. (2008) GCA 72-12, S1, A610.

Cosmic markers, 40Ar/ 39Ar dating and paleomagnetism of the KT sections in the Anjar Area of the Deccan large igneous province

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtillot, V.; Gallet, Y.; Rocchia, R.; Féraud, G.; Robin, E.; Hofmann, C.; Bhandari, N.; Ghevariya, Z. G.

2000-10-01

Bhandari et al. [Bhandari et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 433-436; Bhandari et al., Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 307 (1996) 417-424] reported the discovery of iridium-bearing sediments sandwiched between basalt flows in the Anjar area (Kutch province, India). They concluded that the signature of the K/T impact had been recorded and that onset of volcanism in the Deccan traps preceded the K/T boundary, excluding the possibility of a causal connection. This paper reports complementary analyses of Anjar outcrops by a joint Indo-French team, where we focused on cosmic markers (iridium and spinels) in the intertrappean sediments and 40Ar/ 39Ar dating and paleomagnetism of the lava flows. Anomalous Ir concentrations (up to 0.4 ng/g) are confirmed, with up to three thin and patchy enriched layers which cannot be traced throughout the exposed sections. Despite careful search, no Ni-rich spinels were found. Eight basalt samples provided 40Ar/ 39Ar results, four on plagioclase bulk samples, four on whole rocks. Spectra for whole rocks all indicate some amount of disturbance, and ages based on plagioclase bulk samples seem to be consistently more reliable [Hofmann et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 180 (2000) 13-28]. The three flows underlying the Ir-bearing sediments are dated at ˜66.5 Ma, and two overlying flows at ˜65 Ma. Magnetic analyses (both thermal and by alternating fields) uncovered clear reversed primary components in the upper flows, and more disturbed normal components in the lower flows, with evidence for an additional reversed component. There are reports [Bajpai, Geol. Soc. India Mem. 37 (1996) 313-319; Bajpai, J. Geol. Soc. London 157 (2000) 257-260] that the intertrappean sediments contain uppermost Maastrichtian dinosaur and ostracod remains above the uppermost Ir-bearing level, and may not be mechanically disturbed. We propose the following scenario to interpret these multiple field and analytical observations. Deccan trap volcanism started within

Eocene upper shoreface facies from the Circum-Rhodope belt, NE Greece: sedimentological evidence for an ancient rocky shore environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatalov, Atanas; Ivanova, Daria; Bonev, Nikolay

2013-04-01

lithofacies transitions, small-scale cycles, and internal key stratal surfaces in the Eocene rocks testifies that the upper shoreface deposits were accumulated during a single transgressive phase. The particular absence of convincingly recognized beachface facies can be explained with the so called "cannibalization" mechanism (cf. Sheppard, 2006). The present-day exposures of the basement and covering rocks are consistent with the assumption of a paleoisland having homogeneous lithology. The prolonged erosional destruction of its rocky coast was gradually terminated and after the cessation of marine wave-cutting processes and contemporaneous deposition the remaining emerged cliffs of Lower Cretaceous limestones were continuously degraded by subaerial processes. The obtained results may elucidate the geological evolution of the hydrocarbon-bearing Thrace Basin and to promote the basin-wide correlation of its thick (~9000 m) sedimentary record. Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, Grant DDVU 02/94. References Cattaneo, A., R. J. Steel. 2003. Transgressive deposits: a review of their variability. - Earth Sci. Rev., 62, 187-228. Sheppard, T. H. 2006. Sequence architecture of ancient rocky shorelines and their response to sea-level change: an Early Jurassic example from South Wales, UK. - Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 163, 595-606.

The Effect of Early Diagenesis on the 238U/235U Ratio of Platform Carbonates.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tissot, F.; Chen, C.; Go, B. M.; Naziemiec, M.; Healy, G.; Swart, P. K.; Dauphas, N.

2017-12-01

of all ages. We find that early diagenesis results in a 0 to +0.50 ‰ offset between the δ238U of carbonates and that of seawater. [1] Teng et al (2017) RiMG 82. [2] Tissot & Dauphas (2015) GCA 167. [3] Andersen et al. (2016) Chem. Geol. 420. [4] Ku et al (1977) Deep-Sea Research 24. [5] Dunk et al (2002) Chem. Geol. 190. [6] Romaniello et al (2013) Chem. Geol. 362. [7] Andersen et al. (2014) EPSL 400.

Youth Supervision While Mothers Work: A Daily Diary Study of Maternal Worry.

PubMed

Blocklin, Michelle K; Crouter, Ann C; McHale, Susan M

2012-01-01

Using data from a daily diary study of hourly hotel employees in the U.S. and their children, this study examined links between youth supervision arrangements and maternal worry while at work, examining both differences between individuals and day-to-day variation within individuals. Multilevel model analyses revealed both between- and within-person effects linking youth supervision to maternal worry. Mothers' partner status functioned as moderator, and maternal knowledge also emerged as a protective factor when youth were in self-care, highlighting a potential target for future work-family interventions, particularly those for hourly employees with limited access to family-friendly workplace policies.En utilisant les données d'une étude de journal quotidien des employés horaires de l'hôtel aux États-Unis et leurs enfants, cette étude a examiné les liens entre les modalités de supervision des jeunes et l'inquiétude maternelle pendant le travail, en examinant à la fois les différences inter individus et la variation intra individus au jour le jour. Analyses multi-niveaux ont révélé à la fois des effets inter et intra reliant la supervision des jeunes à l'inquiétude maternelle. Statut de partenaire des mères a fonctionné en tant que modérateur, et la connaissance maternelle est également apparue comme un facteur de protection lorsque les jeunes ont pris soins d'eux-mêmes, soulignant une cible potentielle pour des interventions de conciliation travail-famille, en particulier ceux conçus pour des employés horaires avec un accès limité à des politiques favorables à la famille.

Validation de modeles d'eclairement incident a la surface de l'eau en Arctique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Julien, Laliberte

Dans ce memoire, deux methodes d'estimation d'eclairement incident a la surface de l'Arctique sont evaluees. Une base de donnees in situ a ete constituee a partir de 16 campagnes oceanographiques en Arctique. Pour les dates ou l'eclairement est mesure, les estimations d'eclairement journalier incident a la surface obtenues a partir des satellites de la couleur de l'eau (Frouin et al. 2003) et a partir des satellites meteorologiques (Belanger et al. 2013) sont produites. De meme, un exercise de comparaison entre les estimations satellitaires est produit pour l'annee 2004 sur tout le territoire Arctique. La comparaison entre les donnees observees et les donnees estimees a partir des satellites meteorologiques donnent un biais de 6% et une quadratique moyenne 33%. La comparaison entre les observations et les satellites de la couleur de l'eau donnent un biais de 2% et 20%. Finalement, la difference moyenne entre les estimations des 2 methodes d'estimation satellitaires pour tout l'Arctique pour l'annee 2004 est de 0,29 Einstein/m2/jour avec un ecart-type de 6,78 Einstein/m2/jour. Les resultats montrent entre autres que la methode qui utilise les satellites de la couleur de l'eau est plus precise pour estimer l'eclairement sur une petite superficie puisqu'elle rend mieux les variations locales dans l'eclairement. La methode qui utilise les satellites meteorologique est plus precise pour estimer l'eclairement sur une grande superficie, puisqu'elle est moins restreinte dans les conditions qui permettent de fournir une estimation. Ainsi, la methode qui utilise les satellites meteorologiques montre qu'un eclairement annuel de l'Arctique de 38% n'est pas prise en compte par les satellites de la couleur de l'eau.

Etat des lieux des soins de premier recours des malades mentaux à Antananarivo : étude rétrospective

PubMed Central

Bakohariliva, Hasina Andrianarivony; Rafehivola, Imisanavalona Hanitrinihaja; Raobelle, Evah Norotiana; Raharivelo, Adeline; Rajaonarison, Bertille Hortense

2018-01-01

Résumé Religion et guérisseurs traditionnels occupent encore une place prépondérante dans la prise en charge des maladies mentales à Madagascar. Ainsi, nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif d'établir un état des lieux sur les soins de premier recours des malades mentaux. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective descriptive s'étalant sur une période de 16 mois allant de janvier 2014 en avril 2015 au sein du service de psychiatrie du CHU de Befelatanana à Antananarivo. La prévalence des psychoses était de 25%. Le genre féminin (53%), l'ethnie merina (77%), les étudiants (45%), le niveau d'étude secondaire (40%), les célibataires (72%), la religion protestante (45%), ainsi que le niveau socio-économique moyen (57,5%) étaient prédominants. Dans les paramètres cliniques, le mode de début brutal (52%), le premier recours à la religion (40%), la présence d'antécédents des cas similaire (90%), étaient majoritaires. La schizophrénie était la pathologie la plus rencontrée dans la moitié des cas. Le délai d'amélioration en cas de traitement religieux et traditionnels était dans la moitié des cas de plus de 10 jours d'hospitalisation. Les patients ayant reçu une prise en charge psychiatrique en premier recours, étaient améliorés dans 75 % cas en moins de 10jours. Le retard du recours aux soins psychiatriques est une réalité à Madagascar qui aggrave le pronostic des psychoses. PMID:29632623

Socio-demographic and maternal factors in anaemia in pregnancy at booking in Kano, northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Nwizu, E N; Iliyasu, Z; Ibrahim, S A; Galadanci, H S

2011-12-01

Anaemia in pregnancy still causes significant maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries including Nigeria. The burden and underlying factors are varied even within countries. We studied the prevalence of anaemia at booking and underlying factors in a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria. Using the capillary technique and blood film, the packed cell volume (PCV) and red cell morphology of 300 pregnant women was determined. Additional information was obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and past medical history using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Of the 300 pregnant women studied, 51 (17%) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)=12.9%-21.7%] were anaemic. Specifically, 12.7% and 4.3% of the women had mild and moderate anaemia respectively. Blood film of 74.5%, 15.7% and 11.8% anaemic women showed normochromic normocytic, haemolytic and microcytic hypochromic pictures respectively. Low educational attainment [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=2.13], being single or divorced [AOR=2.02], high parity [AOR=2.06], late booking [AOR=2.71] and short intervals between pregnancies [AOR=2.37] were significant predictors of anaemia in pregnancy. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy related to low educational and economic status especially among women with background obstetric risk factors calls for vigilance, sustained health education and chemoprophylaxis for pregnant women.

Mise à jour sur le nouveau vaccin 9-valent pour la prévention du virus du papillome humain

PubMed Central

Yang, David Yi; Bracken, Keyna

2016-01-01

Résumé Objectif Informer les médecins de famille quant à l’efficacité, à l’innocuité, aux effets sur la santé publique et à la rentabilité du vaccin 9-valent contre le virus du papillome humain (VPH). Qualité des données Des articles pertinents publiés dans PubMed jusqu’en mai 2015 ont été examinés et analysés. La plupart des données citées sont de niveau I (essais randomisés et contrôlés et méta-analyses) ou de niveau II (études transversales, cas-témoins et épidémiologiques). Des rapports et recommandations du gouvernement sont aussi cités en référence. Message principal Le vaccin 9-valent contre le VPH, qui offre une protection contre les types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 et 58 du VPH, est sûr et efficace et réduira encore plus l’incidence des infections à VPH, de même que les cas de cancer lié au VPH. Il peut également protéger indirectement les personnes non immunisées par l’entremise du phénomène d’immunité collective. Un programme d’immunisation efficace peut prévenir la plupart des cancers du col de l’utérus. Les analyses montrent que la rentabilité du vaccin 9-valent chez les femmes est comparable à celle du vaccin quadrivalent original contre le VPH (qui protège contre les types 6, 11, 16 et 18 du VPH) en usage à l’heure actuelle. Toutefois, il faut investiguer plus en profondeur l’utilité d’immuniser les garçons avec le vaccin 9-valent contre le VPH. Conclusion en plus d’être sûr, le vaccin 9-valent protège mieux contre le VPH que le vaccin quadrivalent. Une analyse coûtefficacité en favorise l’emploi, du moins chez les adolescentes. Ainsi, les médecins devraient recommander le vaccin 9-valent à leurs patients plutôt que le vaccin quadrivalent contre le VPH.

Mise à jour sur la vaccination contre la méningococcie invasive chez les enfants et les adolescents canadiens.

PubMed

Robinson, Joan L

2018-02-01

La méningococcie invasive (MI) est une maladie grave qui est souvent à l'origine d'un sepsis fulminant ou d'une méningite. Au Canada, elle est surtout attribuable aux sérogroupes B et C. Des programmes de vaccination systématique contre le méningocoque du sérogroupe C sont prévus à l'âge de 12 mois, et dans certaines régions sociosanitaires, le calendrier comprend l'administration de doses supplémentaires aux enfants plus jeunes. Les adolescents reçoivent systématiquement une dose de rappel du vaccin contre le sérogroupe C ou d'un vaccin quadrivalent (sérogroupes A, C, W et Y). L'utilisation systématique des vaccins contre le sérogroupe B n'est pas recommandée tant qu'on n'aura pas recueilli de données supplémentaires sur l'efficacité des vaccins sur le marché et la durée de la protection qu'ils confèrent. Cependant, les enfants d'au moins deux mois qui courent un risque accru de MI devraient être vaccinés contre les sérogroupes B et C dans les plus brefs délais.

Testing a model of intonation in a tone language.

PubMed

Lindau, M

1986-09-01

Schematic fundamental frequency curves of simple statements and questions are generated for Hausa, a two-tone language of Nigeria, using a modified version of an intonational model developed by Gårding and Bruce [Nordic Prosody II, edited by T. Fretheim (Tapir, Trondheim, 1981), pp. 33-39]. In this model, rules for intonation and tones are separated. Intonation is represented as sloping grids of (near) parallel lines, inside which tones are placed. The tones are associated with turning points of the fundamental frequency contour. Local rules may also modify the exact placement of a tone within the grid. The continuous fundamental frequency contour is modeled by concatenating the tonal points using polynomial equations. Thus the final pitch contour is modeled as an interaction between global and local factors. The slope of the intonational grid lines depends at least on sentence type (statement or question), sentence length, and tone pattern. The model is tested by reference to data from nine speakers of Kano Hausa.

Status of Day Care in Canada, 1983: A Review of the Major Findings of the National Day Care Study, 1983. = Situation de la garde de jour au Canada, 1983: Revue des principales conclusions de l'etude nationale sur la garde de jour en 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Day Care Information Centre, Ottawa (Ontario).

The major purpose of the Status of Day Care in Canada reports is to gather information from the provinces concerning day care spaces in order to determine the growth of day care from year to year. In addition to reporting the increase in the availability of day care services from 1973 to 1983, this report provides data on the ages of children…

Extensive decarbonation of continuously hydrated subducting slabs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzilli, Fabio; Burton, Mike; La Spina, Giuseppe; Macpherson, Colin G.

2017-04-01

in subduction zones. [1] Hilton, D.R. et al. (2002) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47, 319-370. [2] Gorman, P.J. et al. (2006) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 7. [3] Kerrick, D.M. and Connolly, J.A.D. (2001) Nature 411, 293-296. [4] Cook-Kollars, J. et al. (2014) Chem. Geol. 386, 31-48. [5] Collins, N.C. et al. (2015) Chem. Geol. 412, 132-150. [6] Poli, S. et al. (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, 350-360. [7] Sano, Y. and Williams, S.N. (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2749-2752. [8] Marty, B. and Tolstikhin, I.N. (1998) Chem. Geol. 145, 233-248. [9] Wallace, P.J. (2005) J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 140, 217-240. [10] Burton, M.R. et al. (2013) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 75, 323-354. [11] Ulmer, P. and Trommsdorff, V. (1995) Science 268, 858-861. [12] Schmidt, M.W. and Poli, S. (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 163, 361-379. [13] van Keken, P. E. et al. (2011) J. Geophys. Res. 116.

A reality check on the timing of initiation, geological offsets, slip rates and geodetic rates on the Karakoram strike-slip fault.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Searle, M. P.; Phillips, R. J.

2003-12-01

Karakoram fault today. GPS data suggest that right-lateral slip parallel to the Karakoram fault occurred at 3.4 +/- 5 mm/yr (Gaur 2002). If this figure is meaningful, then the slip today must be taken up mainly by aseismic creep, which suggests high temperatures occur at shallow depths along the fault, consistent with continuous but sporadic, and very young high-temperature metamorphism and anatexis in the southern Karakoram (Fraser et al. 2001). References cited: Dunlap, W.J., Weinberg, R.F. & Searle, M.P. 1998. J. Geol. Soc. London, 155, 903-12. Fraser, J.E., Searle, M.P., Parrish, R.R. & Noble, S.R. 2001. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 113, 1443-55. Gaur, V. 2002. Abstract, 17th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Sikkim. Peltzer, G., Tapponnier, P. 1988. J. Geophysical Research, 93, 15058-117. Searle, M.P., Weinberg, R.F. & Dunlap, W.J. 1998. In: Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub. 135, 307-26.

Examination of Knowledge and NOS in a PBL Curriculum: Comparing the Impact on Pre-service Teachers and Science Career Undergraduates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schleigh, S.; Manda, A. K.

2011-12-01

). Participants in all groups engaged in the same curriculum with the same instructors. Curriculum is taken from those developed by the Earth Systems Science Alliance (ESSEA) modules, funded by an NSF grant. Results that compare the groups (their gains and applications) will be discussed during the presentation. The results suggest that there is no significant difference between the two groups of undergraduate students in terms of their prior knowledge; however there are differences in their understanding for the nature of science. In addition, the results show that students in the SCIE3602 course have a stronger content understanding and greater gains in understanding the NOS than the GEOL1700 students. The students in the SCIE3602 groups also had more creativity and possibly spatial reasoning than those in the GEOL1700 group and they developed stronger skills in argumentation than the GEOL1700 students. Possible reasons for the differences between groups and implications for teaching with technology and using the PBL approach will be shared.

Knowledge of safe motherhood among women in rural communities in northern Nigeria: implications for maternal mortality reduction

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Most developed countries have made considerable progress in addressing maternal mortality, but it appears that countries with high maternal mortality burdens like Nigeria have made little progress in improving maternal health outcomes despite emphasis by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Knowledge about safe motherhood practices could help reduce pregnancy related health risks. This study examines knowledge of safe motherhood among women in selected rural communities in northern Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two states (Kaduna and Kano States) within northern Nigeria. Pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaires were applied by female data collectors to 540 randomly selected women who had recently delivered within the study site. Chi-square tests were used to determine possible association between variables during bivariate analysis. Variables significant in the bivariate analysis were subsequently entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The degree of association was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between knowledge of maternal danger signs and independent socio-demographic as well as obstetric history variables which indicated significance at p< 0.05. Results Over 90% of respondents in both states showed poor knowledge of the benefits of health facility delivery by a skilled birth attendant. More than 80% of respondents in both states displayed poor knowledge of the benefits of ANC visits. More than half of the respondents across both states had poor knowledge of maternal danger signs. According to multivariate regression analysis, ever attending school by a respondent increased the likelihood of knowing maternal danger signs by threefold (OR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8) among respondents in Kaduna State. While attendance at ANC visits during most recent pregnancy increased the likelihood of knowing maternal danger signs by twofold among respondents in Kano State

Serum uric acid levels among Nigerians with essential hypertension.

PubMed

Emokpae, Abiodun M; Abdu, Aliyu

2013-06-30

There is an ongoing debate on the role of serum uric acid as an independent risk factor for hypertension and renal disease. This study determined the serum uric acid levels of Nigerians with essential hypertension and also evaluated the association between serum uric acid levels and blood pressure of these patients. A retrospective case-control study of three hundred and fifty one patients with essential hypertension seen at the hypertension clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January 2004 and December 2008. The control group comprised of one hundred apparently healthy non hypertensive subjects. The clinical characteristics including blood pressure measurement, serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, lipid profile and glucose were evaluated.The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the male patients were 156mmHg and 101mmHg respectively, while those of the male controls were 120 ± 6.0 and 80 ± 5 respectively. The mean serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose, urea and creatinine were 483umol/L, 5.7mmol/L,6.61mmol/L, 93umol/l respectively compared to those of the male controls which were 326 ±10μmol/l, 5.0± 0.5mmol/l, 4.2± 0.12mmol/l, 5.16mmol/l ± 0.12 and 69±2.71μmol/l respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the female patients were 158mmHg and 101mmHg, while those of the female controls were 101±2 and 62±9 respectively. The mean serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose, urea and creatinine of the female patients were 434umol/L, 5.3mmol/L 6.20mmol/L, and 88umol/L respectively while those for the female controls were 290±9μmol/l, 4.8±0.5mmol/l, 5.02±0.28 mmol/l, 62±0.36μmol/l respectively. Hyperuricaemia was observed in 59.3% of the male study patients and 62% of the female study patients. Serum uric acid correlated positively with both systolic blood pressure (r=0.192, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.216; p<0.001). Hyperuricaemia is common among Nigerian patients with essential hypertension

Délais de prise en charge des syndromes coronariens aigus avec sus-décalage du segment ST à Ouagadougou et facteurs associés à un allongement de ces délais: étude transversale à propos de 43 cas colligés au CHU-Yalgado Ouédraogo

PubMed Central

Yameogo, Nobila Valentin; Samadoulougou, André; Millogo, Georges; Kologo, Koudougou Jonas; Kombassere, Karim; Toguyeni, Boubacar Jean Yves; Zabsonre, Patrice

2012-01-01

La prise en charge de l'infarctus du myocarde est une course contre la montre et les trois premières heures constituent les « golden hours ». Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer le délai de prise en charge des infarctus du myocarde du myocarde au Burkina Faso, les facteurs liés à un allongement du délai et le pronostic des patients. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive menée de Septembre 2010 à Août 2011. Le critère d'inclusion était l'infarctus du myocarde dont le diagnostic était basé sur des critères clinique (douleur angineuse), électrocardiographique (sus-décalage persistant du segment ST dans au moins deux dérivations contiguës du même territoire coronaire, onde Q de nécrose) et biologique (élévation de la troponine). Les informations relatives au délai de prise en charge ont été recueillies: début du premier symptôme, contact avec le premier agent de santé et le cardiologue, nombre de centre de santé consulté avant le transfert en cardiologie, situation géographique des patients, moyen de transport utilisé. Les données ont été analysées grâce au logiciel SPSS version 17. Durant la période d’étude, 43 patients d’âge moyen de 56,51 ± 12,91 ans ont été admis pour infarctus du myocarde. Plus de la moitié des patients (72,0%) habitait Ouagadougou et sa banlieue. Le délai moyen entre le début de la douleur et la consultation dans la première structure sanitaire était de 48 ± 20,8 heures; celui entre le début de la douleur et la réalisation du premier ECG était en moyenne de 8,6 ±4,5 jours. Le délai entre la réalisation de l'ECG et l'admission dans le service de cardiologie était de 4,35 ±4,0 jours [00 heure et 13 jours]. Le délai entre l'admission dans le service de cardiologie et la thrombolyse était de 34 minutes. Enfin le délai entre le début de la douleur et le contact avec le cardiologue était de 9,6±3,5 jours. Il n'y avait pas de différence statiquement

Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables Irrigated with Urban Grey Waste Water in Fagge, Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Chiroma, T M; Ebewele, R O; Hymore, F K

2014-01-01

There is currently an increased consumption of vegetables within the local urban community. However, contamination of these vegetables with heavy metals poses a potential health hazard. Consequently, the potential contamination problem due to the effect of levels of some heavy metals (Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cr) in soils and vegetables irrigated with drainage urban grey waste water were investigated. The maximum levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cr in the urban grey waste waters were respectively 2.8, 2.1, 19.5, 2.3 and 143.1 times, higher than the maximum recommended concentrations of these metals: 5.0 μg/mL, 2.0 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively, for irrigation waters. The soils were found to be contaminated with these metals to levels that range between 24 to 84 percent contaminations. Although the heavy metals concentration ranking in vegetable parts vary with plant specie, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cr in most parts of the vegetables were above their critical concentrations of 750 - 1000 μg/g, 100 - 400 μg/g, 300 - 500 μg/g, 20 - 100 μg/g and 5 - 30 μg/g, respectively, in plants. This suggests potential toxicity of these parts of vegetables. It was however found that over 40 percent of the concentrations of Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu in Onions, Fe in Okro, Cr in Bushgreen, Cu in Roselle and Zn, Cu in Carrot leaves can be easily removed by washing the leaves with water. However, only Cu concentration in Onions and Bushgreen leaves met the acceptable permissible level in plants after washing.

The fossil land and freshwater snails of Gündlkofen (Middle Miocene, Germany).

PubMed

Salvador, Rodrigo B

2014-04-03

The molluscan fauna from the Middle Miocene (MN 5-6) fossil site of Gündlkofen in southern Germany was first reported by Gall (1980: Mitt. Bayer. Staatssaml. Paläont. hist. Geol., 20, 51-77). He listed 34 continental gastropod species, which were neither figured nor properly described in many cases. Here a revision of his identifications is presented, with a full description of the material and illustration of the best preserved specimens. Following this revision, 20 species are listed for Gündlkofen. Unfortunately, part of the original material was missing and the record of a few species could not be confirmed. The depositional environment seems to have been a temporary water body, like an oxbow lake, surrounded by a humid and warm forest and scrubland.

Is the Bangweulu Basin in Zambia the Eroded Remnant of a Large, Multiring Impact Crater?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Master, S.

1993-07-01

, surrounded by an arcuate high south of the Luongo Fold Belt [7,8]. There are few heat flow measurements in Zambia [9], but there is no indication that the Bangweulu Basin has abnormally high heat flow, which is present in the Luangwaand Upper Zambezi rifts, as evidenced by numerous hot springs and historical geysers [10]. Satellite imagery of Central Africa clearly shows a roughly circular outline of the Bangweulu Basin, including the lakes and swamps, surrounded by a concentric ring of uplifts. The concentric islands in Lake Bangweulu are reminiscent of the multiple concentric rings around impact basins in other planetary bodies, e.g., Valhalla and Asgard structures on the jovian moon of Callisto. Lunar craters Eratosthenes, Aristarchus, and others also have similar terraced morphologies with concentric rings. Based on the above geomorphological and geophysical features, it is postulated that the Bangweulu Basin represents the eroded remnant of a large multiring impact structure that postdates the Katangan Supergroup. Any possible connection between the Bangweulu structure and the Lukanga swamp (a postulated astrobleme in central Zambia [11]) is unknown at this stage. Ground search for macro- and microscopic shock features in the Bangweulu Basin is planned for 1994. References: [1] Debenham F. (1947) Geog. Rev., 37, 351-368. [2] Thieme J. G. and Johnson R. L. (1976) The 1:1,000,000 Scale Geological Map of the Republic of Zambia, Geol. Surv. Zambia. [3] Andersen L. S. and Unrug R. (1984) Precambrian Res., 25, 187-212. [4] Bram K. (1972). Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 62, 1211-1216. [5] Fairhead J. D. and Henderson N. B. (1977) Tectonophysics, 41, 19-26. [6] Saviaro K. (1979) Bull. Geol. Surv. Botswana, 22, 159-181. [7] Mazac O. (1974) Tech. Rept. Geol. Surv. Zambia, 76, 40 pp. [8] Cowan I. M. and Pollack H. N. (1977) Nature, 266, 615-617. [9] Chapman D. S. and Pollack H. N. (1975) Nature, 256, 28-30. [10] Legg C. A. (1974) Econ. Rept. Geol. Surv. Zambia, 50, 60 pp. [11] Vrana S

Oceanographic Changes through the Early Triassic Crisis Interval

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Algeo, T. J.

2013-12-01

-surface warming and attendant effects prior to the cessation of external perturbations to the marine system around the Early/Middle Triassic boundary. These oceanographic changes conform closely to the pattern and tempo of marine ecosystem recovery during the Early Triassic13. 1Sun, Y., et al., 2012, Science 338:366-370. 2Romano, C., et al., 2013, Nature Geosci. 6:57-60. 3Luo, G.M., et al., 2010, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 300:101-111. 4Song, H.Y., et al., 2013, Global Planet. Change 105:7-20. 5Algeo, T.J., Twitchett, R.J., 2010, Geology 38:1023-1026. 6Algeo, T.J., et al., 2011, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 308:1-11. 7Yin, H.F., et al., 2012, Earth-Sci. Rev. 115:163-172. 8Xie, S.C., et al., 2010, Geology 38:447-450. 9Shen, J., et al., 2012, Geology 40:963-966. 10Shen, J., et al., 2012, Geobiology 10:82-103. 11Zhao, L., et al., 2013, Global Planet. Change 105:135-151. 12Tong, J.N., et al., 2007, Geol. Jour. 42:371-389. 13Chen, Z.Q., Benton, M.J., 2012, Nature Geosci. 5:375-383.

Profil épidémiologique et prise en charge des exacerbations d'asthme chez l'enfant à l'hôpital d'enfants de Rabat au Maroc

PubMed Central

Boubkraoui, Mohamed El Mahdi; Benbrahim, Fadoua; Assermouh, Abdellah; El Hafidi, Naima; Benchekroun, Soumia; Mahraoui, Chafiq

2015-01-01

Introduction L'exacerbation d'asthme est un phénomène paroxystique qui peut mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Le but de l’étude est d’évaluer le profil épidémiologique et les modalités de prise en charge de l'exacerbation d'asthme chez les enfants âgés de 2 à 15 ans dans l'unité de pneumoallergologie pédiatrique de l'hôpital d'enfants de Rabat au Maroc. Méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective qui a concerné 1461 enfants hospitalisés pour exacerbation d'asthme modérée à sévère durant une période d'un an allant de décembre 2011 à novembre 2012, les exacerbations légères étant traitées en ambulatoire. Résultats Les hospitalisations pour exacerbation d'asthme chez les enfants ont représenté 34% de l'ensemble des hospitalisations avec trois pics en mai, septembre et décembre. L’âge moyen de survenue était de 3 ans et demi avec une prédominance masculine nette. L'exacerbation d'asthme était inaugurale dans 22% des cas. Les infections respiratoires virales dominaient les facteurs déclenchants des exacerbations d'asthme. Le séjour hospitalier était en moyenne de 3 jours. Un transfert en réanimation a été nécessaire dans 2% des cas. L’évolution sous traitement a toujours été favorable et la mortalité a été nulle. Conclusion La prévalence des hospitalisations pour exacerbation d'asthme suit un profil saisonnier lié aux effets environnementaux. La plupart de ces hospitalisations pourraient cependant être évitées grâce à un meilleur contrôle de l'asthme et à l'amélioration de l’éducation thérapeutique de l'enfant asthmatique et de son entourage. PMID:26090031

Place du traitement chirurgical sous circulation extracorporelle à cœur battant dans les cancers du rein avec envahissement cave supra-diaphragmatique: à propos de sept cas

PubMed Central

Lahyani, Mounir; Karmouni, Tarik; Elkhader, Khalid; Koutani, Abdellatif; Andaloussi, Ahmed Ibn Attya

2014-01-01

Ce travail vise à analyser les résultats de la néphrectomie avec thrombectomie atrio-cave sous circulation extracorporelle (CEC) chez sept patients ayant un cancer du rein avec envahissement cave supra-diaphragmatique et de discuter les indications opératoires. Sept patients, six hommes et une femme dont l’âge varie entre 46ans et 65ans, ont été opérés d'un cancer du rein avec extension atrio-cave. L’écho-doppler a toujours permis la mise en évidence de l'extension veineuse mais la limite supérieure du thrombus était formellement identifiée par l'examen tomodensitométrique quatre fois, et par la résonance magnétique nucléaire dans tous les cas. Tous les patients ont été opérés sous CEC à cœur battant en normothermie. Un seul décès postopératoire est survenu. La durée du séjour en réanimation a été de 4,5 jours. Cinq patients ont eu à distance une dissémination métastatique. Cinq malades ont eu une médiane de survie de 11,5 mois (de 7 à16). Un malade a subi une métastasectomie pulmonaire 6 mois après la néphrectomie. L'exérèse des thrombi atrio-caves a été facilitée par la CEC avec une mortalité et une morbidité postopératoires acceptables mais les résultats à distance ont été décevants. Cette intervention ne peut être proposée qu'aux patients n'ayant aucune extension locorégionale et générale décelable, ce qui souligne l'importance des examens morphologiques préopératoires. PMID:25995777

Tectono-metamorphic evolution and magmatic processes in the thermo-metamorphic aureole of the Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morelli, M.; Pandeli, E.; Principi, G.

2003-04-01

-crystallized and the original structure is oblitered. D_3M_4: is linked to the intrusion of the Monte Capanne pluton (6.9 Ma). Because of the flattening of the country rocks a penetrative foliation, sub-parallel to the surface of the plutonic body, developed during its intrusion and the uplift. Fluidal structures and discharge folding also developed. This structures affected both the country rocks and the laccoliths intruded in. At the meso-scale are also evident fractures, filled by calcite, cutting the garnet/wollastonite aggregate and later flattened and-or partially transposed. Late felsic products associated with the Monte Capanne pluton partly are deformed by the flattening and partly cut the flattening structures. The contact between the pluton and the country rocks itself is locally deformed by flattening structures. At the microscope the growth of HT/LP minerals, mimetic on the previous associations, or syn-kinematic or static, is evident. M_5: finally, during the last intrusive event (Orano porphyries, 6.8 Ma) a static thermo-metamorphic blastesis locally occurs post-dating the structures previously described. Only gentle folding, veins and fractures formation, and faulting processes followed the tectono-metamorphic and thermo-metamorphic deformation events. Conclusions The Punta Nera Unit represents another important element to understand the relationships between Alps and Apennines. In fact, the evidences of a pre-granitoid polyphased tectono-metamorphic framework in this metamorphic oceanic unit allow to correlate it to the Schistes Lustrés of the Alpine Corsica (e.g. Inzecca Massif, Duran Delga, 1984) and of the Northern Tyrrhenian area (e.g. the outcrops of oceanic metamorphic units in the Gorgona Island, Giglio Island and eastern Elba Island: Bortolotti et al., 2001; Pandeli et alii, 2001; Rossetti et al., 2001; Orti et al., 2002). References Barberi et al. (1969). F.126. Isola d'Elba. Note Ill. Carta Geol. It., 1:100.000. Ser. Geol. d'It. Bortolotti V. et al

Une tachycardie à QRS large mal tolérée chez un nourrisson

PubMed Central

Affangla, Désiré Alain; Leye, Mohamed; Simo, Angèle Wabo; D’Almeida, Franck; Sarr, Thérèse Yandé; Phiri, Adamson; Kane, Adama

2017-01-01

Les tachycardies à QRS large mal tolérées du nourrisson posent le problème de leur diagnostic et de la prise en charge en urgence. Nous rapportons un cas de tachycardie à QRS large chez un nourrisson de 35 jours reçu pour détresse cardio-circulatoire. Le cœur était morphologiquement normal à l’échographie cardiaque Doppler. Un traitement par une dose charge d’Amiodarone n’a pas permis de réduire cette tachycardie. Un retour en rythme sinusal a été obtenu après cardioversion par un défibrillateur externe semi-automatique type Lifeline. Un traitement d’entretien par Amiodarone per os est institué et le patient est en rythme sinusal à 03 mois. PMID:28904685

La prévention des infections par le virus respiratoire syncytial

PubMed Central

Robinson, JL

2011-01-01

RÉSUMÉ L’infection par le virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) est la principale cause d’infections des voies respiratoires inférieures chez les jeunes enfants. Le palivizumab, un anticorps monoclonal anti-VRS, réduit le taux d’hospitalisation des enfants à haut risque mais est très coûteux. Le présent document de principes remplace les trois précédents documents de principes de la Société canadienne de pédiatrie sur le sujet et est mis à jour principalement pour traiter des récentes modifications aux lignes directrices de l’American Academy of Pediatrics dans le contexte canadien. Il contient une analyse des publications ainsi que des recommandations au sujet de l’utilisation du palivizumab chez les enfants à haut risque

Status of Day Care in Canada, 1984: A Review of the Major Findings of the National Day Care Study, 1984 = Situation de la garde de jour au Canada, 1984: Revue des principales conclusions tirees de l'etude nationale menee en 1984 sur la garde de jour.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Day Care Information Centre, Ottawa (Ontario).

Intended to give Canadians a general overview of the country's day care services, the study was undertaken by the Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare, Canada. Begun in 1971 and updated yearly since 1973, the national survey provides an inventory of day care spaces which can be used to measure future growth in day care and to…

Inventory of geomorphosites with educational purposes in the Province of Málaga (South of Spain).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martínez-Murillo, Juan F.; Ruiz-Sinoga, José D.; Ferre-Bueno, Emilio

2017-04-01

The geomorphological landscape, as it was defined by Reynard (2004) can be considered a portion of the geomorphological context that is viewed, perceived, (and sometimes ex- ploited) by Man and, when perceived by humans and characterised by certain attributes, it may be considered a wider geomorphosite (Reynard and Panizza, 2005) or a complex of geomorphosites inside of which single geomorphosites can be individuated. Moreover, single geomorphosites belong to a landscape system that is dynamic, and thus the comprehension of a geomorphosite mechanism requires good observations, measurements and quantifications of processes (Reynard 2004). Since 1990s, interest on geomorphosite studies has increased, especially, due to their educational. The aim of this study is to present a complete inventory of the main geomorphosites that can be found in the Province of Málaga, with educational purposes. The Province of Málaga, located in the South of Spain, in the Mediterranean Coast but very close to the Atlantic Ocean, is characterised by a wide range of geomorphological landscape, with many different landforms and very dynamic land uses. The methodology follows that proposed by the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (IGME, 2014). In total, more than 100-geomorphosites were recognised, inventoried and classified in order to achieve a better comprehension and improve the learning of high academic level students. References IGME, 2014. Documento metodológico para la elaboración del inventario español de lugares de interés geológico (IELIG). Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, España, pp. 64. Pelfini, M., Bollati, I. 2014. Landforms and geomorphosites ongoing changes: concepts and implications for geoheritage promotion. Quaestiones Geographicae, 33-1: 131-143. Reynard E., 2004. Géotopes, géo(morpho)sites et paysag- es géomorphologiques. In: E. Reynard, J.P. Pralong (eds), Paysages géomorphologiques, Institut de géographie, Travaux et Recherches

Carbonation of Subduction Interface Ultramafic Rocks and Implications for Deep Carbon Cycling: Evidence from Hybrid Serpentinite-Marble in the Voltri Massif, Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scambelluri, M.; Bebout, G. E.; Gilio, M.; Belmonte, D.; Campomenosi, N.; Crispini, L.

2015-12-01

Release of COH fluids from hydrous minerals and carbonates influences element recycling and magmatism at subduction zones. Contradictory interpretations exist regarding the retention/storage of C in subducting plates and in the forearc to subarc mantle. Multiple lines of evidence indicate mobility of C in forearcs; however, the magnitude of this loss is highly uncertain[1-5]. A poorly constrained fraction of the 40-115 Mt/y of C initially subducted is released into fluids (e.g., by decarbonation, carbonate dissolution), and 18-43 Mt/y is returned at arc volcanoes[2-5, refs. therein]. The imbalance could reflect subduction into the deeper mantle or forearc/subarc storage[4-7]. We examine the fate of C in slab/interface ultramafic rocks, and by analogy serpentinized mantle wedge, via study of fluid-rock evolution of marble and variably carbonated serpentinite (Ligurian Alps). Based on petrography, and major/trace element and C and O isotope compositions, we demonstrate that serpentinite dehydration at 2-2.5 GPa, 550°C released aqueous fluids triggering breakdown of dolomite in nearby marbles, thus releasing C into fluids. Carbonate + olivine veins document flow of COH fluids; interaction of these COH fluids with serpentinite led to formation of high-pressure carbonated ultramafic-rock domains, thus resulting in retention of C in some rocks at an ancient subduction interface. We stress that lithologically complex interfaces could contain sites of both C release and C addition, further confounding estimates of net C loss at forearc and subarc depths [cf 4,5]. Sites of C retention, also including carbonate veins and graphite as reduced carbonate[7], could influence the transfer of slab C to at least the depths beneath volcanic fronts. 1. Poli S et al. 2009 EPSL; 2. Ague and Nicolescu 2014 Nat Geosci; 3. Cook-Collars et al. 2014 Chem Geol; 4. Collins et al. 2015 Chem Geol; 5. Kelemen and Manning 2015 PNAS; 6. Sapienza et al. 2009 CMP; 7 Galvez et al. 2013 Nat Geosci

Effects of Simple Leaching of Crushed and Powdered Materials on High-precision Pb Isotope Analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Todd, E.; Stracke, A.

2013-12-01

We present new results of simple leaching experiments on the Pb isotope composition of USGS standard reference material powders and on ocean island basalt whole rock splits and powders. Rock samples were leached with 6N HCl in two steps, first hot and then in an ultrasonic bath, and washed with ultrapure H2O before conventional sample digestion and chromatographic purification of Pb. Pb isotope analyses were determined with Tl-doped MC-ICP-MS. Intra- and inter-session analytical reproducibility of repeated analyses of both synthetic Pb solutions and Pb from single digests of chemically processed natural samples were generally < 100 ppm (2 S.D.). The comparison of leached and unleached samples shows that leaching reliably removes variable amounts of different contaminants for different starting materials. For repeated digests of a single sample, the leached samples reproduce better than the unleached ones, showing that leaching effectively removes heterogeneously distributed extraneous Pb. However, the reproducibility of repeated digests of variably contaminated natural samples is up to an order of magnitude worse than the analytical reproducibility of ca. 100 ppm. More complex leaching methods (e.g., Nobre Silva et al., 2009) yield Pb isotope ratios within error of and with similar reproducibility to our method, showing that the simple leaching method is reliable. The remaining Pb isotope heterogeneity of natural samples, which typically exceeds 100 ppm, is thus attributed to inherent isotopic sample heterogeneity. Tl-doped MC-ICP-MS Pb ratio determination is therefore a sufficiently precise method for Pb isotope analyses in natural rocks. More precise Pb double- or triple-spike methods (e.g., Galer, 1999; Thirlwall, 2000), may exploit their full potential only in cases where natural isotopic sample heterogeneity is demonstrably negligible. References: Galer, S., 1999, Chem. Geol. 157, 255-274. Nobre Silva, et al. 2009, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10, Q08012

Serpentinite-driven Exhumation of the UHP Lago di Cignana Unit in the Fossil Alpine Plate Interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scambelluri, M.; Gilio, M.; Angiboust, S.; Godard, M.; Pettke, T.

2015-12-01

The Lago di Cignana Unit (LCU) is a coesite- [1] and diamond-bearing [2] slice of oceanic-derived eclogites and metasediments recording Alpine UHP metamorphism at 600 °C-3.2 GPa (~110 km depth) [3]. The LCU is tectonically sandwiched between the eclogitic Zermatt-Saas Zone (ZSZ; 540 °C-3.2 GPa) [4] and the blueschist Combin Zone (400 °C-0.9 GPa) [5] along a tectonic structure joining HP units recording a ~1.2 GPa (40 km) pressure difference. So far, the ZSZ has been attributed to normal HP conditions and the mechanism driving exhumation and accretion of the LCU in its present structural position is not fully understood.We performed petrography and bulk-rock trace element analyses of rocks from LCU and ZSZ serpentinites. We observed that, while serpentinites in the core of the ZSZ show normal subduction zone trace elements and REE's patterns, the Ol+Ti-chu+Chl veins and host serpentinites enveloping the LCU are strongly enriched in sediment-derived fluid-mobile elements (U, Th, Nb, Ta, Ce, Y, As, Sb) and REE's: their patterns well match those of the closely associated LCU-UHP rocks.The presence of extremely enriched Ol+Ti-chu+Chl veins in the serpentinites at direct contact with the UHP Lago di Cignana Unit suggests that fluid exchange between serpentinite and LCU crustal rocks occurred at peak metamorphic conditions. Their coupling therefore occurred during subduction burial and/or peak UHP conditions. As such, the buoyancy force originating from the relatively light serpentinites fuelled the exhumation of the Lago di Cignana Unit. In this contest, the tectonic contact between the Zermatt-Saas Zone and the Combin Zone evolved into a true tectonic plate interface surface.1. Reinecke (1998). Lithos 42(3), 147-189; 2. Frezzotti et al. (2011). Nat. Geosci. 4(10), 703-706; 3. Groppo et al. (2009). J. Metam. Geol. 27(3), 207-231; 4. Angiboust et al. (2009). Terra Nova 21(3), 171-180; 5. Reddy et al. (1999). J. Metam. Geol. 17, 573-590.

Evaluating the influence of chemical weathering on the composition of the continental crust using lithium and its isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudnick, R. L.; Liu, X.

2011-12-01

The continental crust has an "intermediate" bulk composition that is distinct from primary melts of peridotitic mantle (basalt or picrite). This mismatch between the "building blocks" and the "edifice" of the continental crust points to the operation of processes that preferentially remove mafic to ultramafic material from the continents. Such processes include lower crustal recycling (via density foundering or lower crustal subduction - e.g., relamination, Hacker et al., 2011, EPSL), generation of evolved melts via slab melting, and/or chemical weathering. Stable isotope systems document the influence of chemical weathering on the bulk crust composition: the oxygen isotope composition of the bulk crust is distinctly heavier than that of primary, mantle-derived melts (Simon and Lecuyer, 2005, G-cubed) and the Li isotopic composition of the bulk crust is distinctly lighter than that of mantle-derive melts (Teng et al., 2004, GCA; 2008, Chem. Geol.). Both signatures mark the imprint of chemical weathering on the bulk crust composition. Here, we use a simple mass balance model for lithium inputs and outputs from the continental crust to quantify the mass lost due to chemical weathering. We find that a minimum of 15%, a maximum of 60%, and a best estimate of ~40% of the original juvenile rock mass may have been lost via chemical weathering. The accumulated percentage of mass loss due to chemical weathering leads to an average global chemical weathering rate (CWR) of ~ 8×10^9 to 2×10^10 t/yr since 3.5 Ga, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the minimum estimates based on modern rivers (Gaillardet et al., 1999, Chem. Geol.). While we cannot constrain the exact portion of crustal mass loss via chemical weathering, given the uncertainties of the calculation, we can demonstrate that the weathering flux is non-zero. Therefore, chemical weathering must play a role in the evolution of the composition and mass of the continental crust.

Constraints on continental crustal mass loss via chemical weathering using lithium and its isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudnick, R. L.; Liu, X. M.

2012-04-01

The continental crust has an "intermediate" bulk composition that is distinct from primary melts of peridotitic mantle (basalt or picrite). This mismatch between the "building blocks" and the "edifice" that is the continental crust points to the operation of processes that preferentially remove mafic to ultramafic material from the continents. Such processes include lower crustal recycling (via density foundering or lower crustal subduction - e.g., relamination, Hacker et al., 2011, EPSL), generation of evolved melts via slab melting, and/or chemical weathering. Stable isotope systems point to the influence of chemical weathering on the bulk crust composition: the oxygen isotope composition of the bulk crust is distinctly heavier than that of primary, mantle-derived melts (Simon and Lecuyer, 2005, G-cubed) and the Li isotopic composition of the bulk crust is distinctly lighter than that of mantle-derive melts (Teng et al., 2004, GCA; 2008, Chem. Geol.). Both signatures mark the imprint of chemical weathering on the bulk crust composition. Here, we use a simple mass balance model for lithium inputs and outputs from the continental crust to quantify the mass lost due to chemical weathering. We find that a minimum of 15%, a maximum of 60%, and a best estimate of ~40% of the original juvenile rock mass may have been lost via chemical weathering. The accumulated percentage of mass loss due to chemical weathering leads to an average global chemical weathering rate (CWR) of ~ 1×10^10 to 2×10^10 t/yr since 3.5 Ga, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the minimum estimates based on modern rivers (Gaillardet et al., 1999, Chem. Geol.). While we cannot constrain the exact portion of crustal mass loss via chemical weathering, given the uncertainties of the calculation, we can demonstrate that the weathering flux is non-zero. Therefore, chemical weathering must play a role in the evolution of the composition and mass of the continental crust.

Uvulectomy as an epidemiological factor in neonatal tetanus mortality:- observations from a cluster survey.

PubMed

Eregie, C O

1994-01-01

A total of 2,623 live-births were recorded over a 12-month period during a cluster survey on Neonatal tetanus (NNT) mortality in Kano metropolis, Northern Nigeria. There were 79 neonatal deaths including 54 NNT deaths. NNT mortality was 20.6/1000 live-births. Although there was a male preponderance (55.6%) amongst NNT deaths, the association between sex and NNT death was not significant. Traditional Surgery was performed in over 80% of NNT deaths. The association between NNT death and traditional surgery was highly significant. Uvulectomy was the most frequently performed traditional surgery while circumcision was the least performed. There was also a highly significant association between uvulectomy and NNT death. Indeed, uvulectomy alone had a much stronger association with NNT death than traditional surgeries combined. There was no association between sex and performance of uvulectomy. It is reported that circumcision is not an important epidemiological factor in NNT mortality in this region. Health education is suggested to improve utilization of health facilities and discourage uvulectomy and other traditional surgeries.

Model for selecting quality standards for a salad bar through identifying elements of customer satisfaction.

PubMed

Ouellet, D; Norback, J P

1993-11-01

Continuous quality improvement is the new requirement of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. This means that meeting quality standards will not be enough. Dietitians will need to improve those standards and the way they are selected. Because quality is defined in terms of the customers, all quality improvement projects must start by defining what customers want. Using a salad bar as an example, this article presents and illustrates a technique developed in Japan to identify which elements in a product or service will satisfy or dissatisfy consumers. Using a model and a questionnaire format developed by Kano and coworkers, 273 students were surveyed to classify six quality elements of a salad bar. Four elements showed a dominant "must-be" characteristic: food freshness, labeling of the dressings, no spills in the food, and no spills on the salad bar. The two other elements (food easy to reach and food variety) showed a dominant one-dimensional characteristic. By better understanding consumer perceptions of quality elements, foodservice managers can select quality standards that focus on what really matters to their consumers.

Pattern of facial palsy in a typical Nigerian specialist hospital.

PubMed

Lamina, S; Hanif, S

2012-12-01

Data on incidence of facial palsy is generally lacking in Nigeria. To assess six years' incidence of facial palsy in Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Kano, Nigeria. The records of patients diagnosed as facial problems between January 2000 and December 2005 were scrutinized. Data on diagnosis, age, sex, side affected, occupation and causes were obtained. A total number of 698 patients with facial problems were recorded. Five hundred and ninety four (85%) were diagnosed as facial palsy. Out of the diagnosed facial palsy, males (56.2%) had a higher incidence than females; 20-34 years age group (40.3%) had a greater prevalence; the commonest cause of facial palsy was found out to be Idiopathic (39.1%) and was most common among business men (31.6%). Right sided facial palsy (52.2%) was predominant. Incidence of facial palsy was highest in 2003 (25.3%) and decreased from 2004. It was concluded that the incidence of facial palsy was high and Bell's palsy remains the most common causes of facial (nerve) paralysis.

Platinum Group Elements, 187OS/188OS and 87SR/86SR Isotope Systematics in Depleted Fluid-Modified Mariana Fore-Arc Peridotites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harvey, J.; Savov, I. P.; Shirey, S. B.; Horan, M. F.; Mock, T. D.

2012-12-01

N/IrN "donor" and high OsN/IrN "recipient" serpentinites. The distinct chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the low OsN/IrN serpentinites are remarkably similar to those of back-arc basin basalts (BABB) from sites 291, 292, 444A, 450 drilled in the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) during DSDP Legs 31, 58 and 59 [9]. [1] Fryer, et al. (1992) Proc. ODP Sci. Results 125, Fryer, P., Pearce, J. A., Stokking, L. B., et al., 373-385, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station TX, USA. [2] Savov et al. (2005) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 6, Q04J15, doi:10.1029/2004GC000777 [3] Handler, & Bennett (1999) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 3597-3618 [4] Mottl, M.J. (1992) Proc. ODP Sci. Results, 125, Fryer, P., Pearce, J. A., Stokking, L. B., et al., 373-385, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station TX, USA. [5] Lorand, et al. (2003) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 4137-4151. [6] Brandon et al. (1999) Chem. Geol. 160, 387-407. [7] Widom et al. (2003) Chem. Geol. 196, 283- 306. [8] Parkinson et al. (1999) Science 281, 211-312 [9] Dale et al. (2008) Chem. Geol. 248, 213-238.

A new restoration of the NFP20-East cross section and possible tectonic overpressure in the Penninic Adula Nappe (Central Alps)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pleuger, J.; Podladchikov, Y.

2012-04-01

Adula Nappe (Mayerat Demarne 1994) and zircon fission track ages (Flisch 1986) indicating that the Austroalpine units have not been more than 10 km below surface after the Palaeocene. The maximum pressures of eclogites from the Adula nappe reported in the literature are about 1.8 times as high as the lithostatic pressures derived from our cross section restoration. Given that tectonic overpressure in an orogen may be as high as lithostatic pressure (Petrini and Podladchikov 2000), the results of our cross section restoration suggest that the exceptionally high pressures recorded by the Adula Nappe may not be due to exceptionally deep burial but, at least partly, to tectonic overpressure. Engi, M., Berger, A. & Roselle, G.T. 2001: Geology 29, 1143-1146. Flisch, M. 1986: Bull. Ver. Schweiz. Pet.-Geol.-Ing. 53, 23- 49. Froitzheim, N., Pleuger, J., Roller, S. & Nagel, T. 2003: Geology 31, 925-928. Mayerat Demarne, A.M. 1994: Beitr. Geol. Karte Schweiz, 165. Petrini, K. & Podladchikov, Yu. 2000: J. metamorphic Geol.18, 67-77. Schmid, S.M., Pfiffner, O.A., Froitzheim, N., Schönborn, G. & Kissling, E. 1996: Tectonics 15, 1036-1064.

Age of metamorphic events : petrochronology and hygrochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bosse, Valerie; Villa, Igor M.

2017-04-01

, reflect the interaction with the surrounding mineral assemblages. An often neglected observation is that the K-Ar chronometer minerals show similar patterns of isotopic inheritance closely tied to relict patches and heterochemical retrogression phases (Villa and Williams 2013). Isotopic closure in the U-Pb and K-Ar systems follows the same principle: thermal diffusion is very slow, dissolution and reprecipitation are several orders of magnitude faster. This means that both U-Pb and K-Ar mineral chronometers are hygrochronometers. The interpretation of the ages of the different domains cannot be decoupled from the geochemical and petrological context. The focus on petrology also requires, following Villa (1998, 2016), that the ages measured in metamorphic rocks no longer can be used in geodynamic models according to the "closure temperature" concept as originally defined by Dodson (1973). Bosse et al. (2009) Chem Geol 261: 286 Didier et al. (2014) Chem Geol 381: 206 Didier et al. (2015) Contrib Mineral Petrol 170: 45 Dodson (1973) Contrib Mineral Petrol 40: 259 Muller (2003) EPSL, 206: 237 Villa (1998) Terra Nova 10: 42 Villa (2016) Chem Geol 420: 1 Villa & Williams (2013) In: Harlov & Austrheim (eds.), Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock. Springer, p171

High Precision 40K/39K Ratio Determination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naumenko, M. O.; Mezger, K.; Nagler, T. F.; Villa, I. M.

2012-12-01

evaporation procedures (B) and (C). Our measured 40K/39K ratios are statistically indistinguishable from those reported by [1] but have lower uncertainties. Techniques A, B and C gave 1 standard error of 0.07 %, 0.2 %, and 0.14 %, respectively. 1. Garner E.L. et al. (1975) J.Res.Natl.Bur.Stand.79A, 713-725. 2. Grau Malonda A., Grau Carles A. (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56, 153-156. 3. Kossert K., Günter E. (2004) Appl.Radiat.Isot.60, 459-464. 4. Krumrei T.V. et al. (2006) Chem.Geol. 227, 258-273. 5. Kwon J. et al. (2002) Math.Geol. 34, 457-475. 6. Min K. et al. (2000) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 73-98. 7. Nägler T.F., Villa I.M. (2000) Chem. Geol. 169, 5-16. 8. Renne P.R. et al. (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 5349-5367. 9. Schwarz W.H. et al. (2011) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 5094-5096. 10. Richter S., Goldberg S.A. (2003) Int. J. Mass Spect. 229, 181-197.

Carbon Retention and Isotopic Evolution in Deeply Subducted Sediments: Evidence from the Italian Alps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook-Kollars, J.; Bebout, G. E.; Agard, P.; Angiboust, S.

2012-12-01

Subduction-zone metamorphism of oceanic crust and carbonate-rich seafloor sediments plays an important regulatory role in the global C cycle by controlling the fraction of subducting C entering long-term storage in the mantle and the fraction of subducting C emitted into the atmosphere in arc volcanic gases. Modeling studies suggest that the extent of decarbonation of subducting sediments could be strongly affected by extents of infiltration by external H2O-rich fluids and that, in cool subduction zones, the dehydration of subducting oceanic slabs may not release sufficient H2O to cause significant decarbonation of overlying sediments [Gorman et al. (2006), G-cubed; Hacker (2008), G-cubed]. Metasedimentary suites in the Western Alps (sampled from the Schistes Lustres, Zermatt-Saas ophiolite, and at Lago di Cignana) were subducted to depths corresponding to 1.5-3.2 GPa, over a range of peak temperatures of 350-600°C, and are associated with HP/UHP-metamorphosed Jurassic ophiolitic rocks [Agard et al. (2001), Bull. soc. geol. France; Frezzotti et al. (2011), Nature Geoscience]. These metasedimentary suites are composed of interlayered metapelites and metacarbonates and represent a range of peak P-T conditions experienced in modern, relatively cool subduction zones. Integrated petrologic and isotopic study of these rocks allows an analysis of decarbonation and isotopic exchange among oxidized and reduced C reservoirs along prograde subduction-zone P-T paths. Petrographic work on Schistes Lustres metacarbonates indicates only minor occurrences of calc-silicate phases, consistent with the rocks having experienced only very minor decarbonation during prograde metamorphism. Carbonate δ13CVPDB values (-1.5 to 1‰) are similar to values typical of marine carbonates. Higher grade, UHP-metamorphosed carbonates at Cignana show mineralogic evidence of decarbonation; however, the δ13C of the calcite in these samples remains similar to that of marine carbonate. With

Demographic characteristics and visual status of patients undergoing cataract surgery at a tertiary hospital in Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Kurawa, Musbahu Sani; Abdu, Lawan

2017-01-01

Objective/Purpose: To describe the demographic and baseline ocular characteristics, prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction for age related cataract at the study hospital over a one year period. Materials/Patients: All consecutive patients aged 40 years and above identified with age related cataract in one or both eyes who voluntarily agree to participate were included. The study adhered to the tenets of the Helsinki declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all eligible patients. All patients underwent basic eye examination by the ophthalmologist. Visual impairment was determined for each eye according to the standard WHO categorizations. Information obtained also included age, sex and history of previous cataract surgery. Data were recorded in manual tally sheets and on modified computer Cataract Surgery Record forms. Analyses were done using SPSS (version 16, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The participation rate was 91.2%. There were 495 eyes of 487 consecutive patients. This include 212 males and 275 females (M:F, 1:1.3). The age range was 40 to 99 years with a mean age of 62.76 ± 10.49 years (61.35 ± 9.75 years in men and 63.85±10.9 years in females). Most of the patients (n = 451; 92.6%, 95% CI: 89.9-94.6%) were aged 50 years and above. Sixty patients (12.3%, 95% CI: 9.6-15.5%) had cataract in both eyes, 427 (87.7%, 95% CI: 84.5-90.3%) were in one eye. Among these, preoperatively 16 (3.3%, 95% CI: 2.0-5.3%) had aphakia, 21 (4.3%, 95% CI: 2.8-6.5%) had uniocular pseudophakia. About 63.2% (95% CI: 58.9-67.4%) of patients had normal vision in the better eye (presenting VA ≥6/18). Overall 9.5% (95% CI: 7.3-12.7%) were bilaterally blind. About 96.8% of eyes (95% CI: 94.5-98.0%) undergoing cataract surgery were blind (presenting VAConclusion: The study highlights preponderance of females and high incidence of blinding cataract. Education and early disease awareness may play an important role in these patients and could improve cataract surgical services in our hospital..

L'atteinte vésicale au cours de la neurofibromatose de Von Recklinghausen

PubMed Central

Benazzouz, Mohamed Hicham; Hajjad, Tilila; Essatara, Younes; El Sayegh, Hachem; Iken, Ali; Benslimane, Lounis; Nouini, Yassine

2014-01-01

La neurofibromatose de type 1 ou maladie de Von Recklinghausen est une maladie génétique autosomique dominante en rapport avec des mutations dans le gène suppresseur de tumeur NF1. L'atteinte uro-génitale au cours de cette maladie est rare et moins de 80 cas ont été rapportés à ce jour dans la littérature mondiale. Les auteurs rapportent un nouveau cas d'atteinte vésicale découverte fortuitement au cours du suivi d'une patiente atteinte de la maladie de Von Recklinghausen. A travers cette observation et une revue de la littérature les auteurs discutent également les difficultés diagnostiques, thérapeutiques ainsi que les modalités de suivi dans cette maladie. PMID:25328590

Mécanismes de la non-stœchiométrie dans les nouveaux supraconducteurs à haute Tboldmath_c

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hervieu, M.; Michel, C.; Martin, C.; Huvé, M.; van Tendeloo, G.; Maignan, A.; Pelloquin, D.; Goutenoire, F.; Raveau, B.

1994-11-01

Two new families of high T_c superconductors have been recently discovered : ll the mercury based oxides gg and the ll oxycarbonates gg. The main characteristics of the structural mechanisms were studied by high resolution electron microscopy. This paper deals with the description of the numerous order-disorder phenomena which have been observed on the cation and anion networks. Deux nouvelles familles de supraconducteurs ont récemment vu le jour : ll les oxydes à base de mercure gg et les ll oxycarbonates gg. Les caractéristiques essentielles des mécanismes structuraux ont été étudiées par microscopie électronique haute résolution. Les nombreux phénomènes ordre-désordre observés tant sur le réseau des cations que sur celui des anions sont exposés.

Additional and revised thermochemical data and computer code for WATEQ2: a computerized chemical model for trace and major element speciation and mineral equilibria of natural waters

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ball, James W.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Jenne, Everett A.

1980-01-01

A computerized chemical model, WATEQ2, has resulted from extensive additions to and revision of the WATEQ model of Truesdell and Jones (Truesdell, A. H., and Jones, B. F., 1974, WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters: J. Res. U. S. Geol, Survey, v. 2, p. 233-274). The model building effort has necessitated searching the literature and selecting thermochemical data pertinent to the reactions added to the model. This supplementary report manes available the details of the reactions added to the model together with the selected thermochemical data and their sources. Also listed are details of program operation and a brief description of the output of the model. Appendices-contain a glossary of identifiers used in the PL/1 computer code, the complete PL/1 listing, and sample output from three water analyses used as test cases.

Foreword: special issue on the geology of Northwestern Mexico and adjacent areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-León, Carlos M.; Barajas, Arturo Martin

2001-10-01

The eight papers presented in this special issue are contributions that were received following the Fourth Meeting on the Geology of Northwestern Mexico and Adjacent Areas that took place from March 6- 8, 2000, in Hermosillo, México. The meeting was organized by the Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora; Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada; Departamento de Geociencias, Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora; Distrito Sonora, Asociación de Ingenieros de Minas, Metalurgistas y Geólogos de México and Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. The manuscripts present new result that constitute recent advances to our understanding of the geology of southwestern North America.

Field trips along the Geological Transpyrenean Road

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgio, Marion; Dekeyser, Dominique; Richert, Jean Paul; Gruneisen, Pierre; Vazquez-Prada, Diego; Lacazedieu, Annie

2015-04-01

GeolVal association, www.geolval.fr , in collaboration with Geoambiente association, created a serie of pedagogical explanations about Pyrenees landscapes along the road from France to Spain, linking the towns of Pau, Oloron,Jaca and Mallos de Riglos. It was a ten years work that lasted in 2008. http://www.routetranspyreneenne.com/home_f.php We can now use this "treasure" with tourists, students and mix some landscapes explanations from a road site with a little field trip along mountain in order to "touch" the rocks. We are working about the importance of field in the way the students understand geosciences and try to organize field trips that aim to simplify and make concrete some key concepts. We also began an interactive software version of this work, presented through a pilot application, made in collaboration with Total petroleum firm.

Advances in Constraining Solubilities of H-O-C-S-Cl-bearing Fluids in Silicate Melts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Webster, J. D.

2009-12-01

and Cl (Botcharnikov et al. 2007). Conversely, other work involving Cl-enriched phonolitic melts plus two fluids at 900°C observes that the presence of Cl strongly reduces CO2 solubility in the melt. In fact, for runs containing as much as 80 mole percent CO2 in the fluid, the CO2/CO3 contents of the melts were reduced to values below the limit of detection for FTIR (< ca. 30-40 ppm). Thus, Cl works to reduce CO2 solubility, which in turn reduces H2O solubility in phonolitic melts. Current work on the solubility of H-O-C-S in haplogranitic melts at 200 MPa demonstrates that the addition of C reduces the (fluid/melt) partition coefficient for S. In addition, these experimentally determined partition coefficients decrease in the order CO2 > S > H2O, and their ranges are virtually identical to and thus confirm modeled values computed (Scaillet and Pichavant, 2003) for pre-eruptive magmatic fluids based on volatile fugacities of volcanic gases of arc-related magmas. Botcharnikov R et al (2004) Chem. Geol. 213, 207-225. Botcharnikov R, Holtz F, Behrens H (2007) Eur. J. Mineral. 19, 671-680. Newton R, Manning C (2005) J. Petrol. 46, 701-716. Scaillet B, Pichavant M (2003) Volcanic Degassing, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub. 213, 23-52. Webster J, Sintoni M, De Vivo B (2009) Chem. Geol. 263, 19-36.

The rocks and fossils of my school… as educational and cientific divulgation resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canas, Ana; Lopes, Francisco; Guerreiro, Catarina; Reis, Raquel; Carneiro, Amanda

2017-04-01

design of the digital guide and informative boards (students of the graphic design course); practical classes, guided tours and other promotion and divulgation initiatives. In the end, with this project, students, teachers and the rest of the educational community, will regard rocks and fossils differently. In the next school year (2017/2018), we intend to carry the work forward, extending it to other schools in Silves county. Some of the papers that inspired our project: -Cachada, M., Santos, A., Alfaro, E., Silva, C. S. (2012). Experiencias de aprovechamiento educativo y turístico de recursos geológicos en las ciudades de Huelva, Sevilla y Córdoba. Comunicaciones XVII Simposio sobre Enseñanza de la Geología. Universidad de Huelva, 64-70 -Fuertes, I., Calzada, E., Llamas, T., Tejerina, A., Crespo, M., Pereiras, L., Crespo, T., Domínguez, L., Cabezas, L. (2016). Lugares de interés geoeducativo en el medio urbano. Potencialidad de las ciudades para la enseñanza de Geología. Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, Vol. 24 (2), 195-201 -Rodrigues, L., Agostinho, M., Manteigas, R. (2014). Geologia e Paleontologia Urbanas - potencialidades e aplicações em três cidades do Algarve. Comunicações Geológicas, 101, Especial III: 1359-1363 -Silva, C. M., Cachão, M. (1998). "Paleontologia Urbana": percursos citadinos de interpretação e educação (paleo)ambiental. Actas V Congresso Nacional de Geologia, Comunicações Instituto Geológico e Mineiro, Lisboa, 84 (2), H33-H37

Le ciment brûle toujours

PubMed Central

Lebreton, T.; Fontaine, M.; Le Floch, R.

2017-01-01

Summary Les brûlures chimiques par ciment représentent une cause fréquente de corrosion cutanée en France. Elles nécessitent fréquemment un traitement chirurgical. Notre étude rétrospective concerne tous les patients admis pour une brûlure par ciment dans le service entre 2004 et 2016. Quarante-neuf patients âgés de 21 à 71 ans ont été pris en charge dans le centre des brûlés du Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph Saint Luc à Lyon entre 2004 et 2016. La population concernée était majoritairement masculine, relativement jeune (44 ans en moyenne) et professionnellement active. Les brûlures survenaient principalement dans le cadre d’accidents domestiques (78%). Elles étaient profondes et atteignaient majoritairement les membres inférieurs, de façon bilatérale. La surface brûlée représentait 3% de la surface cutanée totale. Presque tous les patients (98%) ont nécessité une prise en charge chirurgicale pour excision et autogreffe de peau mince. Un seul patient a bénéficié d’une cicatrisation dirigée. Le délai moyen entre la brûlure et la chirurgie était de 13 jours et la durée moyenne d’hospitalisation de 8 jours. Sept patients ont nécessité une prise en charge en centre de rééducation à leur sortie du service. Cette étude confirme la sévérité des brûlures chimiques par ciment. Elle met également en avant l’impact que peut avoir ce type de brûlure en terme de retentissement socio-économique dans une population de patients majoritairement jeune et active. Elle insiste sur le fait que des mesures doivent être prises afin d’informer cette population rarement professionnelle sur les risques encourus lors du mésusage du ciment. La réglementation actuelle, classant le ciment comme irritant, ne prend pas en compte son caractère corrosif et devrait être amendée. PMID:28592929

Coagulopathie aigue précoce des traumatismes crâniens graves: mortalité et facteurs pronostiques

PubMed Central

Hachimi, Abdelhamid; Elkhayari, Mina; Chaibi, Ibtissam; Razine, Rachid; Ziadi, Amra; Samkaoui, Mohamed Abdenasser

2014-01-01

Introduction Le but de ce travail était d'étudier la mortalité et les facteurs pronostiques de la Coagulopathie Traumatique (CoT) aigue précoce. Méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective sur 21 mois, incluant tous les traumatisés crâniens graves > 16 ans. Les données clinico-démographiques, biologiques et radiologiques ont été collectées à l'admission. La CoT a été définie par une thrombopénie < 120 000 /mm3 t/ou un Taux de Prothrombine (TP) < 70% et/ou un International Normalized Ratio (INR) > 1,3 et/ou un Temps de Céphaline Activé (TCA) > 40 sec. Résultats Nous avons colligé 69 patients ayant une CoT avec une médiane d'âge à 29 ans avec un intervalle interquartile à (23-41), et une prédominance masculine dans 87% des cas (60 patients). L'ISS médian à 56 avec un intervalle interquartile à (42-75). La mortalité était de 52,2% des cas (36 patients) suite à une souffrance cérébrale dans 74,3% des cas (26 patients). La durée médiane de séjour était de 10 jours avec un intervalle interquartile à (5-19). Les facteurs associés à la mortalité en analyse univariée étaient: le passager de véhicule, le délai de prise en charge, l'hématome sous dural aigu, l'AIS tête et l'ISS à l'admission; alors qu'en analyse multivariée c'étaient le délai de prise en charge (OR: 1,01; IC à 95%: 1,001-1,02) et l'ISS à l'admission (OR: 1,1; IC à 95%: 1,04-1,15) étaient des facteurs pronostiques indépendants. Conclusion L'amélioration du pronostic de ces patients repose essentiellement sur un développement de la médecine pré-hospitalière. PMID:25018842

Phytoavailability, human risk assessment and transfer characteristics of cadmium and zinc contamination from urban gardens in Kano, Nigeria.

PubMed

Abdu, Nafiu; Agbenin, John O; Buerkert, Andreas

2011-12-01

Quantitative data about phytoavailability and transfer into consumed plant parts for heavy metals in intensively managed urban vegetable production areas of sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. We therefore studied the transfer of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) from soil to the root and subsequent translocation to edible portions of four vegetables in six urban gardens. While respective diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-available Zn and Cd concentrations ranged from 18 to 66 mg kg(-1) and from 0.19 to 0.35 mg kg(-1) , respectively, in soils, total Zn and Cd were 8.4-256 mg kg(-1) and 0.04-1.7 mg kg(-1) in shoot parts. Metal transfer factor (MTF) ratios were higher in Zn (0.2-0.9) than in Cd (0.1-0.6). Our data suggest that total Zn concentration in soil is a reliable indicator to assess its transfer from soil to crop in lettuce, carrot and parsley, while for Cd DTPA-extractable concentration may be used to estimate soil-crop transfer of Cd in amaranthus and carrot. Overall, Cd was more easily translocated to the aerial plant parts than Zn. Zinc and Cd accumulation by vegetables in our soils is mainly a metabolically controlled process. Such accumulation can contaminate the ecosystem but under our conditions intake and ingestion of these metals will likely have to occur over a prolonged period to experience health hazard. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

Listening to the rumours: What the northern Nigeria polio vaccine boycott can tell us ten years on

PubMed Central

Ghinai, Isaac; Willott, Chris; Dadari, Ibrahim; Larson, Heidi J.

2013-01-01

In 2003 five northern Nigerian states boycotted the oral polio vaccine due to fears that it was unsafe. Though the international responses have been scrutinised in the literature, this paper argues that lessons still need to be learnt from the boycott: that the origins and continuation of the boycott were due to specific local factors. We focus mainly on Kano state, which initiated the boycotts and continued to reject immunisations for the longest period, to provide a focused analysis of the internal dynamics and complex multifaceted causes of the boycott. We argue that the delay in resolving the year-long boycott was largely due to the spread of rumours at local levels, which were intensified by the outspoken involvement of high-profile individuals whose views were misunderstood or underestimated. We use sociological concepts to analyse why these men gained influence amongst northern Nigerian communities. This study has implications on contemporary policy: refusals still challenge the Global Polio Eradication Initiative; and polio remains endemic to Nigeria (Nigeria accounted for over half of global cases in 2012). This paper sheds light on how this problem may be tackled with the ultimate aim of vaccinating more children and eradicating polio. PMID:24294986

Interet du Lambeau Hypogastrique Dans le Traitement des Sequelles de Brulure de la Face Dorsale de la Main

PubMed Central

Tourabi, K.; Moussaoui, A.; Ribag, Y.; Ihrai, H.

2010-01-01

Summary Le lambeau hypogastrique est un lambeau cutané axial, vascularisé par le pédicule épigastrique inférieur superficiel. Il constitue un des moyens efficaces pour la couverture de la face postérieure de la main et du poignet. Quatre patients ont bénéficié de la couverture de la perte de substance après que l’excision du placard cicatriciel a fait appel au lambeau hypogastrique sevré au 21ème jour. Les résultats esthétiques et fonctionnels étaient plutôt satisfaisants. Ce lambeau constitue une technique de choix dans le traitement des séquelles de brûlures de la main avec exposition des éléments nobles; de dissection facile, donne peu de complications, et nécessite des retouches à distance pour obtenir un résultat optimal. PMID:21991214

Geochronology of pervasive top-to-the-SE directed deformation in the Caledonian nappe stack, Jämtland, Sweden

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bender, Hagen; Glodny, Johannes; Ring, Uwe; Almqvist, Bjarne S. G.; Grasemann, Bernhard; Stephens, Michael B.

2017-04-01

retrograde structures. References: Brueckner and Van Roermund, 2007, J. Geol. Soc. 164, 117-128. Grimmer et al., 2015, Geology 43 (4), 347-350. Ladenberger et al., 2014, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 390, 337-368.

Quantifying Cyclic Thermal Stresses Due to Solar Exposure in Rock Fragments in Gale Crater, Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallet, B.; Mackenzie-Helnwein, P.; Sletten, R. S.

2017-12-01

Curiosity and earlier rovers on Mars have revealed in detail rocky landscapes with decaying outcrops, rubble, stone-littered regolith, and bedrock exposures that reflect the weathering processes operating on rock exposed to Mars' cold and hyperarid environment. Evidence from diverse sources points to the importance of thermal stresses driven by cyclic solar exposure in contributing to the mechanical weathering of exposed rock and generation of regolith in various settings on Earth [1,2,3], and even more so on extraterrestrial bodies where large, rapid cyclic temperature variations are frequent (e.g. Mars [4], as well as comets [5], asteroids [6] and other airless bodies [7]). To study these thermal stresses, we use a 3d finite element (FE) model constrained by ground-based surface temperature measurements from Curiosity's Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS). The numerical model couples radiation and conduction with elastic response to determine the temperature and stress fields in individual rocks on the surface of Mars based on rock size and thermo-mechanical properties. We provide specific quantitative results for boulder-size basalt rocks resting on the ground using a realistic thermal forcing that closely matches the REMS temperature observations, and related thermal inertia data. Moreover, we introduce analytical studies showing that these numerical results can readily be generalized. They are quite universal, informing us about thermal stresses due to cyclic solar exposure in general, for rock fragments of different sizes, lithologies, and fracture- thermal- and mechanical-properties. Using Earth-analogue studies to gain insight, we also consider how the shapes, fractures, and surface details of rock fragments imaged by Curiosity likely reflect the importance of rock breakdown due to thermal stresses relative to wind-driven rock erosion and other surface processes on Mars. References:[1] McFadden L et al. (2005) Geol. Soc.Am. Bull. 117(1-2): 161-173 [2

Parallel δ 13C and Conifer Physiognomic Trends Across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whiteside, J. H.; Olsen, P. E.; Sambrotto, R. N.; Cornet, B.

2003-12-01

The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event ( ˜200 Ma) had a profound effect on biotic evolution, and herein we describe trends in cheirolepidaceous conifer leaf physiognomy from the Pangean tropics (present northeastern USA) that at least broadly parallel a negative δ 13C excursion recorded in the same strata. The physiognomic changes appear at an abrupt (<10 ky) negative carbon isotope excursion (1) synchronous with a previously described palynological extinction level, fern spike, and Ir anomaly (2), and continue through a prolonged negative excursion, lasting 900 ky (through all three CAMP basaltic extrusive events), encompassing most of the Hettangian age. The physiognomic changes seen in the cheirolepidaceous conifer leafy shoot forms Brachyphyllum and Pagiophyllum through the δ 13C excursions include primarily the development of microphyllous leaves with thickened cuticle and sunken papillate stomata (3). These floral modifications are consistent with intense thermal stress plausibly due to very high atmospheric CO2 concentrations and corroborate McElwain's (4) thermal damage hypothesis for the Triassic-Jurassic transition that was originally based on different plant taxa from the higher Pangean latitudes in present Greenland and Sweden. Subsequently, a 2- to 5-fold increase in the area of leafy shoots in strata of latest Hettangian age suggest a return to lower thermal stress levels perhaps due to lower CO2, despite the fact that eastern North America continued to drift into more arid latitudes. The floral physiognomic changes associated with the negative δ 13C excursion and likely very elevated CO2 levels is in many ways a microcosm of the Mesozoic in which the dominance of cheiroleps apparently overlaps with the highest CO2 levels of the Mesozoic (5). References. (1) Whiteside JH, Olsen PE, Sambrotto RN. 2003. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abst. Prog. (in press). (2) Olsen PE et al., Science 296:1305-1307 (3) Cornet B. 1989. in Olsen PE, Schlische RW, Gore PJW

A Boreal high-resolution d13C-carb record of the Albian-Cenomanian transition from NW Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bornemann, André; Erbacher, Jochen; Heldt, Matthias; Wilmsen, Markus; Lübke, Nathalie; Heimhofer, Ulrich

2015-04-01

The upper Albian of the central NW German Basin is represented by a monotonous (marly) claystone succession of several hundred meters thickness, which becomes siliceous in the topmost Albian (Flammenmergel facies) and shows a gradual increase in carbonate content during the early to middle Cenomanian. Here we present a new ~160-m-thick composite record spanning the uppermost Albian to middle Cenomanian based on two cored drill sites at Anderten, east of Hannover (Germany). We successfully correlated the long-term d13C record to other European reference sections in England (Speeton; Mitchell et al., 1996) and Italy (Contessa - Stoll and Schrag, 2000) as well as to records from the NW German Basin (Wunstorf - Mitchell et al., 1996; Konrad 101 - unpublished). Based on the observed pattern we are able to identify the d13C expression of (1) the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, (2) the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, (3) possibly the Lower Cenomanian Event(s) (LCE) and, finally, (4) the Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE) I close to the top of the record. Chemostratigraphic age assignments are supported by biostratigraphic results. Calcareous nannofossils indicate an extended CC9 zone up to the lowermost CC10 (UC0-UC3 according to Burnett et al., 1998) as indicated by the FAD of Microrhabdulus decoratus at the top. Moreover, previously described influxes of Rotalipora aff. reicheli and the occurrence of the ostracod Neocythere steghausi support a mid-Cenomanian age for the upper part of the studied succession. Due to both moderately well preserved microfossils and high sedimentation rates the drilled succession can be considered as a potential reference for the Albian-Cenomanian transition in the Boreal realm. References: Burnett, J. (1998). Upper Cretaceous Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, 132-199. - in: Bown, P. (Ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (Kluwer Academic Publishers). Mitchell, S., Paul, C., Gale, A. (1996). Carbon isotopes and sequence stratigraphy. Geol. Soc

Preliminary Inventory of geomorphosites along The Great Málaga Path (Gran Senda de Málaga).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez-Murillo, Juan F.; Ferre-Bueno, Emilio; Ruiz-Sinoga, José D.

2016-04-01

Reynard (2004) defined a geomorphological landscape as a portion of the geomorphological context that is viewed, perceived, (and sometimes ex- ploited) by Man and, when perceived by humans and characterised by certain attributes, it may be considered a wider geomorphosite (Reynard and Panizza, 2005) or a complex of geomorphosites inside of which single geomorphosites can be individuated. Moreover, single geomorphosites belong to a landscape system that is dynamic, and thus the comprehension of a geomorphosite mechanism requires good observations, measurements and quantifications of processes (Reynard 2004). Since 1990s, interest on geomorphosite studies has increased, especially, due to their educational. The aim of this study is to present a preliminary inventory of the main geomorphosites that can be found along the Great Málaga Path (or Gran Senda de Málaga). This route, developed by the Government of Malaga Province, is a pioneer in Andalusia route incorporating the territorial and environmental range of an entire province, integrating it into a journey that stimulates interest in natural spaces. One of the main attractions is crossing most of the more important sites from the geomorphological point of view in the Province of Málaga. In this study, some of them are inventoried in order to highlight their importance and improve their knowledge from educational and touristic purposes. The methodology follows that proposed by the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (IGME, 2014). References IGME, 2014. Documento metodológico para la elaboración del inventario español de lugares de interés geológico (IELIG). Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, España, pp. 64. Pelfini, M., Bollati, I. 2014. Landforms and geomorphosites ongoing changes: concepts and implications for geoheritage promotion. Quaestiones Geographicae, 33-1: 131-143. Reynard E., 2004. Géotopes, géo(morpho)sites et paysag- es géomorphologiques. In: E. Reynard, J.P. Pralong (eds

Porosity characterization of fresh and altered stones by ultrasound velocity and mercury intrusion porosimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scrivano, Simona; Gaggero, Laura; Gisbert Aguilar, Josep

2016-04-01

, Gisbert J, et al. The pore system of sedimentary rocks as a key factor in the durability of building materials. Eng Geol 118 (2011) 110-21. D. Benavente, M.A. Garcia del Cura, A. Bernabeu, S. Ordonez. Quantification of salt weathering in porous stones using an experimental continuous partial immersion method. Eng Geol 59 (2001) 313-325.

Mafic enclaves in dacitic domes and their relation with La Poruña scoria cone, Central Andes, northern Chile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-Maurel, O. P.; Gallmeyer, G.; Godoy, B.; Menzies, A.; le Roux, P. J.; Harris, C.

2017-12-01

Chao Dacite, Chillahuita, Cerro Pabellón, Chanka, Chac-Inca, and Cerro La Torta (or Tocorpuri) are dacitic domes of late Pleistocene age (30 to 140 ka; Renzulli et al., 2006; Tierney et al., 2016) located in Northern Chilean Central Andean province (NCCA; 17°20'S - 27°40'S). While, La Poruña is a 180 m high basaltic-andesite scoria cone erupted ca. 100 ka (Wörner et al., 2000). This scoria cone is also located at the NCCA, 26 km to the SW of Chanka and 45 km to the NW of Chao Dacite. The dacitic domes are generally porphyritic and highly crystalline lavas (30 - 50 vol % phenocrysts, plagioclase > biotite > amphibole > quartz ≥ accessory), with hyalopilitic or intersertal groundmass. These domes contain mafic enclaves, mostly andesite in composition, with plagioclase > amphibole > biotite ≥ clinopyroxene ≥ olivine ≥ accessory phenocryst (10 - 20 vol %) in a lightly oxidized groundmass with intersertal or intergranular textures. In contrast, La Poruña rocks are mostly aphanitic (75 - 85 vol % groundmass) and highly vesicular, with plagioclase > olivine ≥ clinopyroxene ≥ orthopyroxene phenocrysts in an intersertal or hyalopilitic groundmass. Although petrographically different, the composition (57 wt % SiO2; 580 ppm Sr, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7066) of mafic enclaves from Cerro Pabellón dome are similar to the lava flows and pyroclastic blocks of La Poruña scoria cone (55 - 59 wt % SiO2; 560 - 610 ppm Sr; 0.7062 - 0.7066 87Sr/86Sr). Based on this data and the eruption ages of these volcanic structures, we suggest that the mafic enclaves and La Poruña magmas are co-genetic. Thus, we propose that the genesis of these mafic enclaves is associated with the origin of less evolved parental magmas erupted in the NCCA, such as those from La Poruña. In this case, the mafic enclaves would represent batches of less evolved magmas that ascended from deeper sources and probably contributed in the eruption of the dacitic domes. Renzulli et al., 2006. In XI Congreso Geol

Automatic fault tracing of active faults in the Sutlej valley (NW-Himalayas, India)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janda, C.; Faber, R.; Hager, C.; Grasemann, B.

2003-04-01

mapped near the MT and the KNF suggesting that the most active zones are restricted to the Sutlej Valley. Faber R., 2002: WinGeol - Software for Analyzing and Visualization of Geological data, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna. Vannay, J.-C., Grasemann, B., 2001. Himalayan inverted metamorphism and syn-convergence extension as a consequence of a general shear extrusion. Geol. Mag. 138 (3), 253-276.

What to Build for Middle-Agers to Come? Attractive and Necessary Functions of Exercise-Promotion Mobile Phone Apps: A Cross-Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Chien, Yu-Tai; Chen, Yu-Jen; Hsiung, Hsiao-Fang; Chen, Hsiao-Jung; Hsieh, Meng-Hua; Wu, Wen-Jie

2017-01-01

Background Physical activity is important for middle-agers to maintain health both in middle age and in old age. Although thousands of exercise-promotion mobile phone apps are available for download, current literature offers little understanding regarding which design features can enhance middle-aged adults’ quality perception toward exercise-promotion apps and which factor may influence such perception. Objectives The aims of this study were to understand (1) which design features of exercise-promotion apps can enhance quality perception of middle-agers, (2) whether their needs are matched by current functions offered in app stores, and (3) whether physical activity (PA) and mobile phone self-efficacy (MPSE) influence quality perception. Methods A total of 105 middle-agers participated and filled out three scales: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the MPSE scale, and the need for design features questionnaire. The design features were developed based on the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London—Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy. Following the Kano quality model, the need for design features questionnaire asked participants to classify design features into five categories: attractive, one-dimensional, must-be, indifferent, and reverse. The quality categorization was conducted based on a voting approach and the categorization results were compared with the findings of a prevalence study to realize whether needs match current availability. In total, 52 multinomial logistic regression models were analyzed to evaluate the effects of PA level and MPSE on quality perception of design features. Results The Kano analysis on the total sample revealed that visual demonstration of exercise instructions is the only attractive design feature, whereas the other 51 design features were perceived with indifference. Although examining quality perception by PA level, 21 features are recommended to low level, 6 features to medium level, but none to high-level PA. In

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Nigeria.

PubMed

Ado, J Mohammed; Etsano, Andrew; Shuaib, Faisal; Damisa, Eunice; Mkanda, Pascal; Gasasira, Alex; Banda, Richard; Korir, Charles; Johnson, Ticha; Dieng, Boubacar; Corkum, Melissa; Enemaku, Ogu; Mataruse, Noah; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Baig, Shahzad; Galway, Michael; Seaman, Vincent; Wiesen, Eric; Vertefeuille, John; Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U; Armstrong, Gregory; Mahoney, Frank J

2014-11-01

the second half of 2013, WPV transmission was restricted to Kano, Borno, Bauchi, and Taraba states. Despite considerable progress, 24 LGAs in 2012 and 7 LGAs in 2013 reported ≥2 cases, and WPV continued to circulate in 8 LGAs that had cases in 2012. Campaign activities were negatively impacted by insecurity and violence in Borno and Kano states. Efforts to interrupt transmission remain impeded by poor SIA implementation in localized areas, anti-polio vaccine sentiment, and limited access to vaccinate children because of insecurity. Sustained improvement in SIA quality, surveillance, and outbreak response and special strategies in security-compromised areas are needed to interrupt WPV transmission in 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

A large seroprevalence survey of brucellosis in cattle herds under diverse production systems in northern Nigeria

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background This study was carried out to investigate the status of brucellosis in cattle under various management systems in Adamawa, Kaduna and Kano states, northern Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling, serum samples of 4,745 cattle from 271 herds were tested using the Rose-Bengal plate-agglutination test (RBPT) and positives were confirmed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Results Prevalence estimates were calculated by adjusting for sampling weights and where possible for test sensitivity and specificity. Thirty-seven percent of all animals were RBPT positive, and after confirmation with c-ELISA the overall animal-level prevalence, adjusted for sampling weights, was 26.3% (95% CI, 22.1%-31.0%). Of the herds sampled, 210 (77.5%; 95% CI, 68.6%-84.5%) had at least one animal positive to both tests; this did not differ significantly between states (P = 0.538). Mean within-herd seroprevalence in positive herds was 30.2% (95% CI, 25.3%-35.1%) and ranged from 3.1% to 85.7%. Overall animal-level seroprevalences of 29.2% (95% CI, 22.5%-36.9%) n = 1,827, 23.3% (95% CI, 18.9%-28.3%) n = 1,870 and 26.7% (95% CI, 18.8%-36.7%) n = 1,048 were observed in Adamawa, Kaduna and Kano states, respectively (P = 0.496). A significantly higher seroprevalence was found in males (38.2%; 95% CI, 31.7%-45.2%) than in females (24.7%; 95% CI, 20.4%-29.5%) (P < 0.001) and in non-pregnant females (27.8%; 95% CI, 22.9%-33.5%) than in pregnant females (17.2%; 95% CI, 13.6%-21.5%) (P < 0.001). Seroprevalence increased with increasing age (P < 0.001), from 13.5% (95% CI, 8.9%-19.9%) in cattle <4 years to 35.0% (95% CI, 28.5%-42.3%) in cattle >7 years. Seroprevalence also varied between management systems (P < 0.001): pastoral systems 45.1% (95% CI, 38.6%-51.9%), zero-grazing systems 23.8% (95% CI, 6.8%-59.2%), agro-pastoral systems 22.0% (95% CI, 17.3%-27.8%), and commercial farms 15.9% (95% CI, 9.5%-25.5%). Seroprevalence did not differ

Spatio-temporal transitions in the dynamics of bacterial populations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Anna; Lincoln, Bryan; Mann, Bernward; Torres, Gelsy; Kas, Josef; Swinney, Harry

2001-03-01

We experimentally investigate the population dynamics of a strain of E. coli bacteria living under spatially inhomogeneous growth conditions. A localized perturbation that moves with a well-defined drift velocity is imposed on the system. A reaction-diffusion model of this situation^1 predicts that an abrupt transition between spatial localization and extinction of the colony occurs for a fixed average growth rate when the drift velocity exceeds a critical value. Also, a transition between localized and delocalized populations is predicted to occur at a fixed drift velocity when the spatially averaged growth rate is varied. We create a spatially localized perturbation with UV light and vary the strength and drift velocity of the perturbation to investigate the existence of the different bacterial population distributions and the transitions between them. Numerical simulations of a 250 mm by 20 mm system guide our experiments. ^1K. A. Dahmen, D. R. Nelson, N. M. Shnerb, Jour. Math. Bio., 41 1 (2000).

A Viscoplastic Stress Relaxation Model for Predicting Variations of the Least Principal Stress With Depth in Unconventional Reservoirs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zoback, M. D.; Xu, S.; Rassouli, F.; Ma, X.

2016-12-01

In this paper we extend the viscoplastic stress relaxation model of Sone and Zoback (Jour. Petrol. Sci. and Eng., 2014) for predicting variations of least principal stress with stress and its impact on the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures. Viscoplastic stress relaxation in clay-rich (or diagenetically immature) sedimentary rocks makes the stress field more isotropic. In normal faulting and strike-slip faulting environments, this causes the least principal stress to increase making such formations likely barriers to vertical hydraulic fracture growth. In order to predict the magnitude of viscoplastic stress relaxation in different unconventional formations, we generalize a constitutive law developed from a wide range of creep experiments in our lab over the past several years and apply it to areas of stacked pay in Oklahoma and Texas. Using frac gradients were measured from minifrac and DFIT (Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test) experiments. The viscoplastic model does a good job of explaining vertical hydraulic fracture propagation, as indicated by the distribution of microseismic events recorded during stimulation.

Étude comparative de l’innocuité de deux vaccins commerciaux contre la babésiose canine provoquée par Babesia canis

PubMed Central

Freyburger, L.; Lemaitre, L.; Médaille, C.; Oberli, F.; Fanchon, L.; Bergamo, P.

2011-01-01

L’innocuité de deux vaccins commercialisés en France contre la babésiose canine – Nobivac Piro® (NP) et Pirodog® (P) – a été étudiée. Leur impact local, général et biochimique a été comparé, en conditions expérimentales maîtrisées, sur un groupe témoin (T) et deux groupes vaccinés deux fois à 21 jours d’intervalle. Tous les chiens ont présenté une réaction locale modérée. Cependant, le groupe NP a présenté une réaction locale significativement plus intense que le groupe P. Ceci est objectivé par les paramètres cliniques et biologiques. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’est mise en évidence entre les évolutions des groupes P et T. PMID:22091461

Retraction notice to "Effects of organic ligands on fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in hydroponic plants: An application to the determination of binding capacities by humic acid for modeling" [Chemosphere 65(11) (2006) 1942-1948].

PubMed

Ding, Shiming; Liang, Tao; Zhang, Chaosheng; Yan, Juncai; Zhang, Zili

2010-08-10

Reason: This article has been retracted, please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal:http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy This article has been retracted at the request of the editor as the authors have plagiarized part of papers that had already appeared in Chem. Geol. 209 (2004) 271-294, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.012 and Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67 (2003) 2321-2339, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01413-8. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we apologize to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Le Carbonifère du Maroc central : les formations de Migoumess, de Tirhela et d'Idmarrach. Lithologie, biostratigraphie et conséquences géodynamiquesThe Carboniferous formations of Migoumess, Tirhela and Idmarrach (central Morocco): lithology, biostratigraphy and geodynamic consequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkhli, Mostafa; Vachard, Daniel

2002-01-01

New biostratigraphical data based on foraminifers, algae and pseudo-algae indicate that the limestone pebbles of the channelized polygenic conglomerates of the Migoumess formation contain Late Visean (V3b γ-V3c) assemblages. That confirms the Westphalian age attributed to this formation by Hollard [Zdt. Geol. Ges. 129 (1978) 495-512]. The Tournaisian age assigned to it by palynology [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, série II 310 (1990) 1573-1576] cannot be retained. The Tirhela formation, Late Visean and Serpukhovian (E1) in age, is coeval with the Akerchi formation [Berkhli, thèse d'État, 1999; Berkhli et al., J. Afr. Earth Sci. (accepté)]. The Idmarrach formation, mapped as a thrust sheet [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, série II 310 (1990) 1573-1576], is dated as Serpukhovian (E1) and its thrusting is consequently post-Serpukhovian. Palaeogeographic and geodynamic consequences are listed. To cite this article: M. Berkhli, D. Vachard, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 67-72

Determinación astronómica de la Desviación de la Vertical

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pacheco, A. M.; Podestá, R. C.

A partir de las coordenadas astronómicas de Latitud y Longitud determinadas en la falla geológica de Nikizanga ubicada en las serranías de Pie de Palo, y, en base a un Punto Datum de referencia, se desarrolla la metodología para la determinación de la Desviación de la Vertical, que comprende la reducción de las observaciones astronómicas, transformaciones de coordenadas, aplicación de correcciones y el cálculo definitivo de los valores angulares de la Vertical. Estos estudios se iniciaron a sugerencia del Servicio Internacional de Latitud, International Polar Motion Service (IPMS), con el objeto de obtener en determinados puntos de la Tierra la Desviación de la Vertical y su variación, dentro de la nueva disciplina denominada Astrogeodinámica, con la idea de correlacionar estas variaciones con la predicción de grandes sismos.

Groundwater sensitivity mapping in Kentucky using GIS and digitally vectorized geologic quadrangles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Croskrey, Andrea; Groves, Chris

2008-05-01

Groundwater sensitivity (Ray and O’dell in Environ Geol 22:345 352, 1993a) refers to the inherent ease with which groundwater can be contaminated based on hydrogeologic characteristics. We have developed digital methods for identifying areas of varying groundwater sensitivity for a ten county area of south central Kentucky at a scale of 1:100,000. The study area includes extensive limestone karst sinkhole plains, with groundwater extremely sensitive to contamination. Digitally vectorized geologic quadrangles (DVGQs) were combined with elevation data to identify both hydrogeologic groundwater sensitivity regions and zones of “high risk runoff” where contaminants could be transported in runoff from less sensitive to higher sensitivity (particularly karst) areas. While future work will fine-tune these maps with additional layers of data (soils for example) as digital data have become available, using DVGQs allows a relatively rapid assessment of groundwater sensitivity for Kentucky at a more useful scale than previously available assessment methods, such as DRASTIC and DIVERSITY.

Comparison of two stable hydrogen isotope-ratio measurement techniques on Antarctic surface-water and ice samples

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hopple, J.A.; Hannon, J.E.; Coplen, T.B.

1998-01-01

A comparison of the new hydrogen isotope-ratio technique of Vaughn et al. ([Vaughn, B.H., White, J.W.C., Delmotte, M., Trolier, M., Cattani, O., Stievenard, M., 1998. An automated system for hydrogen isotope analysis of water. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 152, 309-319]; the article immediately preceding this article) for the analysis of water samples utilizing automated on-line reduction by elemental uranium showed that 94% of 165 samples of Antarctic snow, ice, and stream water agreed with the ??2H values determined by H2-H2O platinum equilibration, exhibiting a bias of +0.5??? and a 2 - ?? variation of 1.9???. The isotopic results of 10 reduction technique samples, however, gave ??2H values that differed by 3.5??? or more, and were too negative by as much as 5.4??? and too positive by as much as 4.9??? with respect to those determined using the platinum equilibration technique.

On the existence of stationary reaction fronts in precipitation-dissolution systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondratiuk, Paweł; Nizinkiewicz, Hanna; Ladd, Anthony JC; Szymczak, Piotr

2014-05-01

Coupled precipitation-dissolution processes are ubiquitous in hydrogeochemical systems which are out of chemical equilibrium. However, as already remarked by Ortoleva et al. [1], the precipitation front will in general move with a velocity different form that of a dissolution front; thus the distance between them will increase in time. However, there are a number of systems where the both fronts appear to move with the same velocity. One example is the terra rossa formation process [2], in which kaolinite precipitation produces hydrogen ions that dissolve the underlying calcite. In this case the velocities of the dissolution and precipitation front agree to within 1%, which does not seem accidental. In this communication, we propose a possible mechanism of such a front synchronization, and study its further implications for the dynamics of the system. [1] P. Ortoleva et al., Physica D: 19, 334 (1986) [2] E. Merino and A. Banjerjee, J. Geol., 116, 62 (2008)

Thermal-field propagation in an exocontact zone of a magmatic body and its impact on radiogenic isotope concentrations in minerals.

PubMed

Brandt, I S; Rasskazov, S V; Brandt, S B; Ivanov, A V

2002-03-01

In application of radioactive isotope systems (K-Ar, Rb-Sr etc.) during the last decades, experience was gained not only on their geochronometrical uses, but also on estimations of some important parameters of geological processes, especially temperatures and durations of superimposed thermal events. In this paper, the formation of an exocontact thermal field of a magmatic intrusion is considered as a spreading of a thermal source delta-function. Appropriate solutions of the heat-transfer equation are deduced and correlated with diffusion parameters of the radiogenic argon, coupling radioactive, thermal and kinetic parameters in an exocontant zone of a magmatic body. These solutions were used for quantitative reinterpretations of data taken from Hart's classical paper [The petrology and isotopic mineral age relations of a contact zone in the Front Range, Colorado. J. Geol., 1964, v. 72, pp. 493-525]. Theoretic and measured radiogenic argon and strontium concentrations within exocontact aureoles are found to be in good concordance.

The ILAN sprite campaigns in Israel: results from 7 years of observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yair, Yoav; Rubanenko, Lior; Katzenelson, Dor; Rosenthal, Neta; Mezuman, Keren; Price, Colin

2014-05-01

., 129, 5, 1259-1266. Bór, J., 2013: Optically perceptible characteristics of sprites observed in Central Europe in 2007-2009. Jour. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 92, 151-177 doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.10.008. Matsudo Y., Suzuki T., Hayakawa M., Yamashita K., Ando Y., Michimoto K., Korepano V., 2007: Characteristics of Japanese winter sprites and their parent lightning as estimated by VHF lightning and ELF transients Jour. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 69, 12, 1431-1446.

Utilisation de lignes directrices dans le cadre de l’implantation de cabinets automatisés décentralisés en établissement de santé

PubMed Central

Brisseau, Lionel; Bussières, Jean-François; Lebel, Denis; Atkinson, Suzanne; Robinette, Louise; Fortin, Sylvie; Lemay, Michel

2011-01-01

RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Il existe peu de données sur les conséquences de l’utilisation des cabinets automatisés décentralisés (CAD) en établissements de santé. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive de la conformité des pratiques par rapport à des lignes directrices publiées dans le cadre de l’implantation de CAD. L’objectif principal de l’étude est d’évaluer la conformité globale et celle de chaque processus du circuit du médicament. L’étude se déroule au sein du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, un établissement mère–enfant de 500 lits. À partir des lignes directrices portant sur l’utilisation sécuritaire des CAD de l’Institute for Safe Medication Practice (aux États-Unis) (2008) et de son outil d’autoévaluation (2009), nous avons évalué la conformité de la pratique à 30 jours et à 120 jours après l’implantation. Résultats : Nous avons procédé de novembre 2009 à avril 2010 à l’implantation de sept stations de CAD au sein du CHU Sainte-Justine. Le profil de conformité est passé de 66 % à 74 % de janvier à avril 2010. Pour chaque processus relatif à l’utilisation sécuritaire des CAD, nous présentons une brève description des critères ainsi que les éléments de non-conformité liés à la technologie ou aux aspects organisationnels. Pour chaque élément de non-conformité, nous avons déterminé les actions requises auprès du fabricant afin de modifier l’équipement (c. à .d. aspects technologiques) et auprès de l’établissement afin de modifier les modalités d’utilisation (aspects organisationnels) en précisant le ou les processus impliqués. Conclusion : Cette étude décrit la conformité des pratiques au CHU Sainte-Justine par rapport à des lignes directrices publiées par l’Institute for Safe Medication Practices. L’utilisation de lignes directrices dans le cadre de l’implantation de cabinets automatisés décentralisés en établissement peut

Diagnostiquer l’hypertension artérielle

PubMed Central

Gelfer, Mark; Dawes, Martin; Kaczorowski, Janusz; Padwal, Raj; Cloutier, Lyne

2015-01-01

Résumé Objectif Mettre en lumière les recommandations 2015 du Programme éducatif canadien sur l’hypertension (PECH) sur le diagnostic et l’évaluation de l’hypertension artérielle (HTA). Qualité des données Une recherche systématique remontant à août 2014 a été effectuée par un bibliothécaire de la Collaboration Cochrane dans les banques de données MEDLINE et PubMed. Les résultats de la recherche ont fait l’objet d’une évaluation critique par le sous-comité du PECH sur la mesure de la pression artérielle (PA) et le diagnostic d’HTA, et les recommandations fondées sur les données probantes ont été soumises au Comité central d’examen du PECH aux fins d’examen indépendant et de classement. Finalement, les résultats et recommandations ont été présentés au Groupe de travail sur les recommandations aux fins de discussion, de débat, d’approbation et de vote. Les principales recommandations reposent sur des données probantes de niveau II. Message principal Selon les données probantes les plus récentes, le PECH a formulé 4 nouvelles recommandations classées dans 2 vastes catégories pour améliorer la mesure de la PA et la façon dont l’HTA est diagnostiquée en 2015. Il est fortement recommandé de mesurer la PA à l’aide d’appareils électroniques en clinique plutôt que par auscultation. Chez les patients dont les mesures en clinique sont élevées, le PECH recommande de se tourner précocement vers les mesures ambulatoires, préférablement le monitorage ambulatoire de la PA, afin d’identifier rapidement les patients atteints du syndrome du sarrau blanc. Conclusion Il est crucial d’améliorer la justesse diagnostique afin d’optimiser la prise en charge de l’HTA au Canada. Les mises à jour annuelles du PECH veillent à ce que les praticiens disposent de renseignements fondés sur les données probantes à jour pour éclairer leur pratique.

A hands-on experience of the voice of customer analysis in maternity care from Iran.

PubMed

Aghlmand, Siamak; Lameei, Aboulfath; Small, Rhonda

2010-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of voice of customer (VoC) analysis in a maternity care case study, where the aim was to identify the most important requirements of women giving birth and to determine targets for the improvement of maternity care in Fayazbakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The tools of VoC analysis were used to identify: the main customer segment of maternity care; the most important of women's needs and requirements; the level of maternal satisfaction with delivered services at the study hospital and at a competitor; the nature of women's of requirements (termed Kano levels: assumed, expected, and unexpected); and the priorities of the study hospital for meeting these requirements. Women identified the well-being of mother and baby as the most important requirements. Women's satisfaction with the services was, with a few exceptions, low to moderate. Services related to most of the maternal requirements were ranked better in the competitor hospital than the study hospital. The results form a solid basis for achieving improvements in the processes of care for mothers and babies. The paper presents a systematic approach to VoC analysis in health care settings as a basis for clinical process improvement initiatives.

Local audit of diagnostic surgical pathology as a tool for quality assurance.

PubMed

Malami, Sani Abubakar; Iliyasu, Yawale

2008-01-01

Internal audit has been rarely done for quality assurance of histology laboratories in Nigeria. We reviewed the steps involved in the production of reports with a view to assessing the performance of the histopathology laboratory of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. A randomly selected 2 per cent sample of the total histology workload of the center for the year ending December 2005 amounting to 2877 cases was systematically reviewed. Analysis of the accumulated data showed a concordance rate of 94.8% between the original and review histological diagnoses, comparable to other published studies. Significant defects were observed to be due to missing demographic information on request forms (22.8%), poor technical quality of slide sections (18.4%) and typographical errors by typists (12.3%) In a minority of cases microscopic description was inadequate or inappropriate (7.0%) and some were inaccurate (2.7%). The turnaround time ranged from 2 to 16 days (mean 6.2 days) with results of 75.8 per cent of the specimens completed within 7 days. From the study we have shown that local audit is feasible in Nigerian laboratories and is an excellent method for detecting errors and improving performance in Surgical Pathology to optimize the scarce resources available to patient care in our country.

Tracking Vaccination Teams During Polio Campaigns in Northern Nigeria by Use of Geographic Information System Technology: 2013-2015.

PubMed

Touray, Kebba; Mkanda, Pascal; Tegegn, Sisay G; Nsubuga, Peter; Erbeto, Tesfaye B; Banda, Richard; Etsano, Andrew; Shuaib, Faisal; Vaz, Rui G

2016-05-01

Nigeria is among the 3 countries in which polio remains endemic. The country made significant efforts to reduce polio transmission but remains challenged by poor-quality campaigns and poor team performance in some areas. This article demonstrates the application of geographic information system technology to track vaccination teams to monitor settlement coverage, reduce the number of missed settlements, and improve team performance. In each local government area where tracking was conducted, global positioning system-enabled Android phones were given to each team on a daily basis and were used to record team tracks. These tracks were uploaded to a dashboard to show the level of coverage and identify areas missed by the teams. From 2012 to June 2015, tracking covered 119 immunization days. A total of 1149 tracking activities were conducted. Of these, 681 (59%) were implemented in Kano state. There was an improvement in the geographic coverage of settlements and an overall reduction in the number of missed settlements. The tracking of vaccination teams provided significant feedback during polio campaigns and enabled supervisors to evaluate performance of vaccination teams. The reports supported other polio program activities, such as review of microplans and the deployment of other interventions, for increasing population immunity in northern Nigeria. © 2016 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.

Predictors of poststroke health-related quality of life in Nigerian stroke survivors: a 1-year follow-up study.

PubMed

Hamza, Ashiru Mohammad; Al-Sadat, Nabilla; Loh, Siew Yim; Jahan, Nowrozy Kamar

2014-01-01

This study aims to identify the predictors in the different aspects of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to measure the changes of functional status over time in a cohort of Nigerian stroke survivors. A prospective observational study was conducted in three hospitals of Kano state of Nigeria where stroke survivors receive rehabilitation. The linguistic-validated Hausa versions of the stroke impact scale 3.0, modified Rankin scale, Barthel index and Beck depression inventory scales were used. Paired samples t-test was used to calculate the amount of changes that occur over time and the forward stepwise linear regression model was used to identify the predictors. A total of 233 stroke survivors were surveyed at 6 months, and 93% (217/233) were followed at 1 year after stroke. Functional disabilities were significantly reduced during the recovery phase. Motor impairment, disability, and level of depression were independent predictors of HRQoL in the multivariate regression analysis. The involvement of family members as caregivers is the key factor for those survivors with improved functional status. Thus, to enhance the quality of poststroke life, it is proposed that a holistic stroke rehabilitation service and an active involvement of family members are established at every possible level.

Empirical research on Kano’s model and customer satisfaction

PubMed Central

Lin, Feng-Han; Tsai, Sang-Bing; Lee, Yu-Cheng; Hsiao, Cheng-Fu; Zhou, Jie; Wang, Jiangtao; Shang, Zhiwen

2017-01-01

Products are now developed based on what customers desire, and thus attractive quality creation has become crucial. In studies on customer satisfaction, methods for analyzing quality attributes and enhancing customer satisfaction have been proposed to facilitate product development. Although substantial studies have performed to assess the impact of the attributes on customer satisfaction, little research has been conducted that quantitatively calculate the odds of customer satisfaction for the Kano classification, fitting a nonlinear relationship between attribute-level performance and customer satisfaction. In the present study, the odds of customer satisfaction were determined to identify the classification of quality attributes, and took customer psychology into account to suggest how decision-makers should prioritize the allocation of resources. A novel method for quantitatively assessing quality attributes was proposed to determine classification criteria and fit the nonlinear relationship between quality attributes and customer satisfaction. Subsequently, a case study was conducted on bicycle user satisfaction to verify the novel method. The concept of customer satisfaction odds was integrated with the value function from prospect theory to understand quality attributes. The results of this study can serve as a reference for product designers to create attractive quality attributes in their products and thus enhance customer satisfaction. PMID:28873418

Assessment of surveys for the management of hospital clinical pharmacy services.

PubMed

Čufar, Andreja; Mrhar, Aleš; Robnik-Šikonja, Marko

2015-06-01

Survey data sets are important sources of data, and their successful exploitation is of key importance for informed policy decision-making. We present how a survey analysis approach initially developed for customer satisfaction research in marketing can be adapted for an introduction of clinical pharmacy services into a hospital. We use a data mining analytical approach to extract relevant managerial consequences. We evaluate the importance of competences for users of a clinical pharmacy with the OrdEval algorithm and determine their nature according to the users' expectations. For this, we need substantially fewer questions than are required by the Kano approach. From 52 clinical pharmacy activities we were able to identify seven activities with a substantial negative impact (i.e., negative reinforcement) on the overall satisfaction of clinical pharmacy services, and two activities with a strong positive impact (upward reinforcement). Using analysis of individual feature values, we identified six performance, 10 excitement, and one basic clinical pharmacists' activity. We show how the OrdEval algorithm can exploit the information hidden in the ordering of class and attribute values, and their inherent correlation using a small sample of highly relevant respondents. The visualization of the outputs turns out highly useful in our clinical pharmacy research case study. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fine resolution mapping of population age-structures for health and development applications

PubMed Central

Alegana, V. A.; Atkinson, P. M.; Pezzulo, C.; Sorichetta, A.; Weiss, D.; Bird, T.; Erbach-Schoenberg, E.; Tatem, A. J.

2015-01-01

The age-group composition of populations varies considerably across the world, and obtaining accurate, spatially detailed estimates of numbers of children under 5 years is important in designing vaccination strategies, educational planning or maternal healthcare delivery. Traditionally, such estimates are derived from population censuses, but these can often be unreliable, outdated and of coarse resolution for resource-poor settings. Focusing on Nigeria, we use nationally representative household surveys and their cluster locations to predict the proportion of the under-five population in 1 × 1 km using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model. Results showed that land cover, travel time to major settlements, night-time lights and vegetation index were good predictors and that accounting for fine-scale variation, rather than assuming a uniform proportion of under 5 year olds can result in significant differences in health metrics. The largest gaps in estimated bednet and vaccination coverage were in Kano, Katsina and Jigawa. Geolocated household surveys are a valuable resource for providing detailed, contemporary and regularly updated population age-structure data in the absence of recent census data. By combining these with covariate layers, age-structure maps of unprecedented detail can be produced to guide the targeting of interventions in resource-poor settings. PMID:25788540

Fine resolution mapping of population age-structures for health and development applications.

PubMed

Alegana, V A; Atkinson, P M; Pezzulo, C; Sorichetta, A; Weiss, D; Bird, T; Erbach-Schoenberg, E; Tatem, A J

2015-04-06

The age-group composition of populations varies considerably across the world, and obtaining accurate, spatially detailed estimates of numbers of children under 5 years is important in designing vaccination strategies, educational planning or maternal healthcare delivery. Traditionally, such estimates are derived from population censuses, but these can often be unreliable, outdated and of coarse resolution for resource-poor settings. Focusing on Nigeria, we use nationally representative household surveys and their cluster locations to predict the proportion of the under-five population in 1 × 1 km using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model. Results showed that land cover, travel time to major settlements, night-time lights and vegetation index were good predictors and that accounting for fine-scale variation, rather than assuming a uniform proportion of under 5 year olds can result in significant differences in health metrics. The largest gaps in estimated bednet and vaccination coverage were in Kano, Katsina and Jigawa. Geolocated household surveys are a valuable resource for providing detailed, contemporary and regularly updated population age-structure data in the absence of recent census data. By combining these with covariate layers, age-structure maps of unprecedented detail can be produced to guide the targeting of interventions in resource-poor settings.

Evaluation of a pilot intervention to redesign the decentralised vaccine supply chain system in Nigeria.

PubMed

Molemodile, Shola; Wotogbe, Maruchi; Abimbola, Seye

2017-05-01

Responsibility for immunisation in Nigeria is decentralised to sub-national governments. So far, they have failed to achieve optimal coverage for their populations. We evaluated a pilot intervention implemented between 2013 and 2014 to redesign a vaccine supply chain management system in Kano, Nigeria. The intervention included financing immunisation services from a designated pool of government and donor funds, a visibility tool to track vaccine stock, and a private vendor engaged to deliver vaccines directly to health facilities. The number of local government areas within the state with adequate vaccine stock increased from 21% to 98% after 10 months. To understand how the intervention achieved this outcome, we analysed immunisation coverage for the period and interviewed 18 respondents across different levels of government. We found that the intervention worked by improving ownership and accountability for immunisation by sub-national governments and their capacity for generating resources and management (of data and the supply chain). While the intervention focused on improving immunisation coverage, we identified gaps in the demand for services. Efforts to improve immunisation coverage and vaccine supply systems should streamline decentralised structures, empower sub-national governments with financial and technical capacity, and promote strategies to improve the demand and use of services.

U-Compare: share and compare text mining tools with UIMA

PubMed Central

Kano, Yoshinobu; Baumgartner, William A.; McCrohon, Luke; Ananiadou, Sophia; Cohen, K. Bretonnel; Hunter, Lawrence; Tsujii, Jun'ichi

2009-01-01

Summary: Due to the increasing number of text mining resources (tools and corpora) available to biologists, interoperability issues between these resources are becoming significant obstacles to using them effectively. UIMA, the Unstructured Information Management Architecture, is an open framework designed to aid in the construction of more interoperable tools. U-Compare is built on top of the UIMA framework, and provides both a concrete framework for out-of-the-box text mining and a sophisticated evaluation platform allowing users to run specific tools on any target text, generating both detailed statistics and instance-based visualizations of outputs. U-Compare is a joint project, providing the world's largest, and still growing, collection of UIMA-compatible resources. These resources, originally developed by different groups for a variety of domains, include many famous tools and corpora. U-Compare can be launched straight from the web, without needing to be manually installed. All U-Compare components are provided ready-to-use and can be combined easily via a drag-and-drop interface without any programming. External UIMA components can also simply be mixed with U-Compare components, without distinguishing between locally and remotely deployed resources. Availability: http://u-compare.org/ Contact: kano@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp PMID:19414535

Fingerprints of resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 from vegetables and environmental samples.

PubMed

Abakpa, Grace Onyukwo; Umoh, Veronica J; Kamaruzaman, Sijam; Ibekwe, Mark

2018-01-01

Some routes of transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to fresh produce include contaminated irrigation water and manure polluted soils. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic relationships of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from some produce growing region in Nigeria using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) DNA fingerprinting analysis. A total of 440 samples comprising leafy greens, irrigation water, manure and soil were obtained from vegetable producing regions in Kano and Plateau States, Nigeria. Genes coding for the quinolone resistance-determinant (gyrA) and plasmid (pCT) coding for multidrug resistance (MDR) were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 16 isolates that showed MDR. Cluster analysis of the ERIC-PCR profiles based on band sizes revealed six main clusters from the sixteen isolates analysed. The largest cluster (cluster 3) grouped isolates from vegetables and manure at a similarity coefficient of 0.72. The present study provides data that support the potential transmission of resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 from vegetables and environmental sources to humans with potential public health implications, especially in developing countries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Tracking Vaccination Teams During Polio Campaigns in Northern Nigeria by Use of Geographic Information System Technology: 2013–2015

PubMed Central

Touray, Kebba; Mkanda, Pascal; Tegegn, Sisay G.; Nsubuga, Peter; Erbeto, Tesfaye B.; Banda, Richard; Etsano, Andrew; Shuaib, Faisal; Vaz, Rui G.

2016-01-01

Introduction. Nigeria is among the 3 countries in which polio remains endemic. The country made significant efforts to reduce polio transmission but remains challenged by poor-quality campaigns and poor team performance in some areas. This article demonstrates the application of geographic information system technology to track vaccination teams to monitor settlement coverage, reduce the number of missed settlements, and improve team performance. Methods. In each local government area where tracking was conducted, global positioning system–enabled Android phones were given to each team on a daily basis and were used to record team tracks. These tracks were uploaded to a dashboard to show the level of coverage and identify areas missed by the teams. Results. From 2012 to June 2015, tracking covered 119 immunization days. A total of 1149 tracking activities were conducted. Of these, 681 (59%) were implemented in Kano state. There was an improvement in the geographic coverage of settlements and an overall reduction in the number of missed settlements. Conclusions. The tracking of vaccination teams provided significant feedback during polio campaigns and enabled supervisors to evaluate performance of vaccination teams. The reports supported other polio program activities, such as review of microplans and the deployment of other interventions, for increasing population immunity in northern Nigeria. PMID:26609004

Relevé postnatal Rourke 2014

PubMed Central

Riverin, Bruno; Li, Patricia; Rourke, Leslie; Leduc, Denis; Rourke, James

2015-01-01

Résumé Objectif Mettre à jour la version de 2011 du Relevé postnatal Rourke (RPR) à la suite d’une révision des meilleures données probantes récentes sur le suivi de la santé des nourrissons et des enfants de la naissance jusqu’à l’âge de 5 ans. Qualité des données La qualité des données a été cotée en fonction de l’ancien système de classification du Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs (jusqu’à 2006) et l’approche de détermination, d’élaboration et d’évaluation des recommandations (GRADE). Message principal De nouveaux faits scientifiques ont été pris en compte dans les recommandations du RPR 2014 en ce qui a trait au suivi de la croissance, à la nutrition, à l’éducation et aux conseils, au développement, à l’examen physique et à l’immunisation. La croissance est surveillée à l’aide des courbes de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé qui ont été révisées en 2014. On devrait introduire les aliments solides en fonction de l’état de préparation du nourrisson et ces produits devraient contenir du fer. Il n’est actuellement plus recommandé de retarder l’introduction des allergènes alimentaires courants pour prévenir les allergies. Il faut promouvoir l’utilisation d’une tasse sans couvercle au lieu d’une tasse à bec dès l’âge de 12 mois. La section sur l’éducation et les conseils porte sur les blessures causées par du mobilier instable, ainsi que l’utilisation d’un siège d’auto orienté vers l’arrière jusqu’à 2 ans. Elle comporte aussi de l’information sur les saines habitudes de sommeil, la prévention de la maltraitance des enfants, la vie saine et active et la sédentarité de la famille, de même que l’hygiène buccale. On a aussi ajouté à cette section une nouvelle catégorie consacrée à la santé environnementale pour tenir compte des effets des dangers environnementaux sur la santé des enfants. Le RPR a recours à une

Porosity developed during mineral replacement reactions: implications for fluid flux in the Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Putnis, Christine V.; Trindade Pedrosa, Elisabete; Hövelmann, Jörn; Renard, François; Ruiz-Agudo, Encarnacion

2017-04-01

) Coupled dissolution and precipitation at mineral-fluid interfaces. Chem. Geol., 383, 132-146. Putnis C.V. and Ruiz-Agudo E. (2013) The mineral-water interface: where minerals react with the environment. Elements, 9, 177-182. Hövelmann J., Putnis A., Geisler T., Schmidt B.C., Golla-Schindler U. (2009) The replacement of plagioclase feldspars by albite: observations from hydrothermal experiments. Contrib. Min. and Pet. 159, 43-59. Pedrosa E.T., Putnis C.V., Putnis A. (2016) The pseudomorphic replacement of marble by apatite: the role of fluid composition. Chem. Geol., 425, 1-11.

Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) by Methane - in Situ Observation and Raman Characterization in Fused Silica Capsules at Temperatures up to 450°C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chou, I.; Shang, L.; Burruss, R. C.

2008-12-01

An experimental technique using optically transparent fused silica capsules has been developed for TSR studies. Reactions between sulfuric acid (5 m) and methane (~30 MPa) were observed and characterized by Raman spectroscopy at temperatures (T) up to 450°C. In situ Raman signals showed the transformation from sulfate (S6+) to sulfite (S4+), elemental sulfur (S0), and finally to sulfide (S2-) with the generation of CO2. The durations for each transformation range from a few minutes to a few tens of minutes depending on the T. The sample capsules were prepared by first loading sulfuric acid in a fused silica tube (0.3 mm OD, 0.1 mm ID, and ~6 cm long), which had one end sealed. The tube was attached to a vacuum line, methane was loaded cryogenically and the tube sealed with a hydrogen flame. (Chou et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2008, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.030). The sample was placed in a USGS-type heating-cooling stage and in situ Raman spectra were collected continuously during heating and cooling. In the aqueous phase (L), SO42- disappears at ~80°C and the transformation of HSO4- to SO2 in both aqueous and vapor (V) phases begins at ~350°C. Soon after L-V homogenization at ~410°C, CO2 was produced while HSO4- disappeared. Finally, SO2 transformed to S0, which was then reduced to H2S within 10 minutes. During cooling, L-V phase separation occurred at ~300°C (L-V homogenization T = 310°C), and only CO2, CH4, and H2S were detected in both L and V phases at room T. High concentrations of H2S in a number of deeply buried petroleum reservoirs (e.g., Orr, 1994, AAPG Bull., v. 50, p. 2295; Worden et al., 1995, AAPG Bull., v. 79, p. 854) are thought to be the product of TSR. However, reliable reaction kinetics as well as documented reaction mechanisms for TSR are still lacking. Our technique has great potential in examining TSR and also in the studies of ore forming processes in magmatic/hydrothermal (Rye, 2005, Chem. Geol., v. 215, p. 5) as well as

Ge and Fe Isotope Fractionation in Metabasites during Subduction-Zone Metamorphism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luais, B.; El Korh, A. M. T.; Boiron, M. C.; Deloule, E.; Cividini, D.

2016-12-01

and Fe isotope compositions under subsolidus conditions. [1] Rouxel et al 2003, Chem Geol 202, 155-182. [2] Luais 2012. Chem Geol 334, 295-311. [3] Teng et al, 2013, GCA 107, 12-26. [4] Escoube et al 2015. GCA 167, 93-112. [5] El Korh et al 2009, J Petrol 50, 1107-1148.

High-Resolution Analysis and Chemical Imaging of Single Fluid Inclusions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Philippot, P.; Menez, B.; Foriel, J.; Simionovici, A.; Bohic, S.

2002-05-01

M. 2001. NIM B 181, 749-754 Ménez B., Philippot P., Bonnin-Mosbah M., Simionovici A., Gibert, F., 2002. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in press Philippot P., Ménez B., Chevallier P., Gibert F., Legrand F., Populus, P. 1998 Chem. Geol., 144, 121-136. Philippot P., Ménez B., Simionovici A., Cuney M., Chabiron A., Snigirev A., 2000. Terra Nova, 12, 84 - 89 Philippot P., Ménez B., Drakopoulos M., Simionovici A., Snigirev A. 2001. Chem. Geol., 173, 151-158.

The effect of melt composition on the partitioning of trace elements between titanite and silicate melt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prowatke, S.; Klemme, S.

2003-04-01

. From our experimental data we present an model that combines the influence of the crystal lattice on partitioning with the effect of melt composition on trace element partition coefficients. [1] Nakada, S. (1991) Am. Mineral. 76: 548-560 [2] Green, T.H. and Pearson, N.J. (1986) Chem. Geol. 55: 105-119 [3] Tiepolo, M.; Oberti, R. and Vannucci, R. (2002) Chem. Geol. 191: 105-119

Effect of water on the fluorine and chlorine partitioning behavior between olivine and silicate melt.

PubMed

Joachim, Bastian; Stechern, André; Ludwig, Thomas; Konzett, Jürgen; Pawley, Alison; Ruzié-Hamilton, Lorraine; Clay, Patricia L; Burgess, Ray; Ballentine, Christopher J

2017-01-01

Halogens show a range from moderate (F) to highly (Cl, Br, I) volatile and incompatible behavior, which makes them excellent tracers for volatile transport processes in the Earth's mantle. Experimentally determined fluorine and chlorine partitioning data between mantle minerals and silicate melt enable us to estimate Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) and Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) source region concentrations for these elements. This study investigates the effect of varying small amounts of water on the fluorine and chlorine partitioning behavior at 1280 °C and 0.3 GPa between olivine and silicate melt in the Fe-free CMAS+F-Cl-Br-I-H 2 O model system. Results show that, within the uncertainty of the analyses, water has no effect on the chlorine partitioning behavior for bulk water contents ranging from 0.03 (2) wt% H 2 O (D Cl ol/melt = 1.6 ± 0.9 × 10 -4 ) to 0.33 (6) wt% H 2 O (D Cl ol/melt = 2.2 ± 1.1 × 10 -4 ). Consequently, with the effect of pressure being negligible in the uppermost mantle (Joachim et al. Chem Geol 416:65-78, 2015), temperature is the only parameter that needs to be considered for the determination of chlorine partition coefficients between olivine and melt at least in the simplified iron-free CMAS+F-Cl-Br-I-H 2 O system. In contrast, the fluorine partition coefficient increases linearly in this range and may be described at 1280 °C and 0.3 GPa with ( R 2  = 0.99): [Formula: see text]. The observed fluorine partitioning behavior supports the theory suggested by Crépisson et al. (Earth Planet Sci Lett 390:287-295, 2014) that fluorine and water are incorporated as clumped OH/F defects in the olivine structure. Results of this study further suggest that fluorine concentration estimates in OIB source regions are at least 10% lower than previously expected (Joachim et al. Chem Geol 416:65-78, 2015), implying that consideration of the effect of water on the fluorine partitioning behavior between Earth's mantle minerals and

Carbon Dioxide Removal from Air using Seafloor Peridotite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelemen, P. B.; Brandt, A. R.; Benson, S. M.

2016-12-01

to the sea surface. Does anyone know James Cameron's phone number? [1] Kelemen & Matter PNAS 08 [2] Kelemen & Matter AGU Fall 14 [3] Kelemen et al AREPS 11 [4] Wilson et al IJGHGC 14 [5] Schuiling & Krijgsman Climate Change 06 [6] Barnes & O'Neil GSA Bull 69 [7] Kelley et al Science 01 [8] Paukert et al Chem Geol 12 [9] Mervine et al GCA 13 [10] Mervine et al Chem Geol 15

Comments on Some Phanerozoic Batholiths, Ignimbrites, f- Rhyolites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obenholzner, J. H.

2007-05-01

features indicative for a caldera-root system. Basalt dikes dissected tonalites and pillowed into aplites (Frasl et al., 1995). Permian ignimbrite sequences on Carb. volcanics are known from the S Alps. The F- and B-rich Plio./Quart. granite at Larderello (Italy) is a cooling intrusion with melt batches (Fulignati, pers. comm.). Thermal anomalies of the E Alps had been interpreted as surface manifestation of plutons. Atmospheric 210Po data exist from Bad Gastein (Austria; Wallner, 2001). Could such dormant "volcanoes" become sites of future F-rhyolite eruptions? Pure gas sparging cannot rejuvenate a non-solid batholith (Bachman et al., 2003). Heating of Na fluoride and Na borate in a glass vial (ca. 900°C) revealed surface modification accompanied by vesicle nucleation even inside the glass. Can F- and B- rich fluids operate as fluxing agents? Past super-eruptions need to be correlated with past mantle and core dynamics and maybe F- and B-rich fluid events. "3 magnetic superchrons precede the 4 largest Phanerozoic extinction events (K/T, G/T P/T doublet, end Ord.)".(Courtillot et al., 2006). This hypothesis needs to identify the Ord. LIPs (BPIs of the E Alps?). Bachman et al. 2003, Geology, 31, 789-792. Courtillot et al., 2006. EOS Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.. Frasl et al., 1995. Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, 20, 121-151. Kempe et al., 2004. Min. Depos., 39, 646-669. Königer et al., 2002. Int.J. Earth Sci., 91, 341-356. Reddy et al., 2006. Geology, 34, 4, 257-260. Obenholzner et al., 1999. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 100A, 13-38. Vienna. Orozco-Esquirel et al., 2002. JVGR, 118, 37-56. Sainsbury, 1960. Econ. Geol., 55, 1478-1509. Söllner et al., 1997. Z. dt. geol. Ges., 148/3-4, 499-522. Wallner, G. (2001): Radiochim. acta, Bd. 89, 791-798. .

Ophiolites in ocean-continent transitions: From the Steinmann Trinity to sea-floor spreading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernoulli, Daniel; Jenkyns, Hugh C.

2009-05-01

ophiolites as ocean crust is apparent. Between 1920 and 1930, the stage was thus potentially set for modern mobilist concepts that were, however, to prove attractive to only a small circle of Alpine and peri-Gondwanian geologists. After the Second World War, the 1950s saw the rapid progress of the geophysical and geological exploration of oceans and continental margins that provided the data for a reevaluation of the geosynclinal concept. Actualistic models now equated the former preorogenic miogeosyncline of Stille (1940) and Kay (1951) with passive continental margins [C.L. Drake, M. Ewing, G.H. Sutton, Continental margin and geosynclines: the east coast of North America, north of Cape Hatteras, in: L. Ahrens, et al. (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 3, Pergamon Press, London, 1959, pp. 110-189], the (American version of the) eugeosyncline and its igneous rocks with "collapsing continental rises" [R.S. Dietz, J. Geol. 71 (1963) 314-333] and the ophiolites, the Steinmann Trinity, of the (European) eugeosyncline with fragments of oceanic lithosphere [H.H. Hess, History of ocean basins, in: Petrologic Studies: a Volume to Honor A.F. Buddington, Geol. Soc. Am., New York. 1962, pp. 599-620]. The concept of sea-floor spreading [H.H. Hess, History of ocean basins, in: Petrologic Studies: a Volume to Honor A.F. Buddington, Geol. Soc. Am., New York. 1962, pp. 599-620; H.H. Hess, Mid-oceanic ridges and tectonics of the sea-floor, in: W.F. Whittard, R. Bradshaw (Eds), Submarine Geology and Geophysics, Colston Papers 17, Butterworths, London, 1965, pp. 317-333] finally eliminated the weaknesses in Wegener's hypothesis and, with the coming of the "annus mirabilis" of 1968, the concept of the geosyncline could be laid to rest. Ocean-continent transitions of modern oceans, as revealed by seismology and deep-sea drilling, could now be compared with the remnants of their ancient counterparts preserved in the Alps and elsewhere.

Cockade-textured cataclasite and silica gel from damage zone in carbonated ultramafics: markers of cycles of seismic activity?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scarsi, Marco; Crispini, Laura; Garofalo, Paolo; Capponi, Giovanni

2016-04-01

present within the fault rocks and the hydrothermal fluid that flowed within these faults. These interactions were probably similar to those occurring within the coeval Au- and chalcedony veins. Field evidence and theoretical considerations indicate that the reverse faults could have experienced stages of fault-valve behaviour (Sibson et al., 1998), which consisted in cycles of fluid pressure build-ups, fault opening, fluid flushing, and mineral precipitation during the seismic failure of the faults. These cycles varied transiently fault permeabilities. During the fluid pressure build up stage the radial coarse grains developed, while during the fluid flushing stage the clast cortex grains developed their laminated texture. The Au-quartz and chalcedony veins could have formed during the stages of fluid pressure drops following fault slip (Sibson et al., 1998, 2004). References Capponi G. & Crispini L., 1997, Progressive shear deformation in the metasediments of the Voltri Group (Ligurian Alps, Italy): occurence of structure recording extension parallel to the regional foliation, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 116, 267-277. Genna A., Jébrack M., Marcoux E., Milési J.P., 1996, Genesis of cockade breccias in the tectonic evolution of the Cirotan epithermal gold system, West Java, Can. Journ. of Earth Sci., 33, 93-102. Giorza A., 2010, Late to post-metamorphic hydrotermalism in the Voltri Unit (Lavagnina Lakes Area, NW Alps). Structural-Petrological-Geochemical approach, PhD Thesis, University of Turin. Rempe M., Smith S. A. F., Ferri F., Mitchell T. M., 2014, Clast-cortex aggregates in experimental and natural calcite-bearing fault zones, Journ. Of Struct. Geol., 68, 142-157. Sibson R. H., 2004, Controls of maximum fluid overpressure defining conditions for mesozonal mineralization, Journ. of Struct. Geol., 26, 6-7, 1127-1136. Sibson R. H., Robert F., Poulsen H., 1998, High-angle reverse faults, fluid-pressure cycling, and mesothermal gold-quartz deposits, Geology, 16, 551

What to Build for Middle-Agers to Come? Attractive and Necessary Functions of Exercise-Promotion Mobile Phone Apps: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Liao, Gen-Yih; Chien, Yu-Tai; Chen, Yu-Jen; Hsiung, Hsiao-Fang; Chen, Hsiao-Jung; Hsieh, Meng-Hua; Wu, Wen-Jie

2017-05-25

Physical activity is important for middle-agers to maintain health both in middle age and in old age. Although thousands of exercise-promotion mobile phone apps are available for download, current literature offers little understanding regarding which design features can enhance middle-aged adults' quality perception toward exercise-promotion apps and which factor may influence such perception. The aims of this study were to understand (1) which design features of exercise-promotion apps can enhance quality perception of middle-agers, (2) whether their needs are matched by current functions offered in app stores, and (3) whether physical activity (PA) and mobile phone self-efficacy (MPSE) influence quality perception. A total of 105 middle-agers participated and filled out three scales: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the MPSE scale, and the need for design features questionnaire. The design features were developed based on the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy. Following the Kano quality model, the need for design features questionnaire asked participants to classify design features into five categories: attractive, one-dimensional, must-be, indifferent, and reverse. The quality categorization was conducted based on a voting approach and the categorization results were compared with the findings of a prevalence study to realize whether needs match current availability. In total, 52 multinomial logistic regression models were analyzed to evaluate the effects of PA level and MPSE on quality perception of design features. The Kano analysis on the total sample revealed that visual demonstration of exercise instructions is the only attractive design feature, whereas the other 51 design features were perceived with indifference. Although examining quality perception by PA level, 21 features are recommended to low level, 6 features to medium level, but none to high-level PA. In contrast, high-level MPSE is recommended

TKKMOD: A computer simulation program for an integrated wind diesel system. Version 1.0: Document and user guide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manninen, L. M.

1993-12-01

The document describes TKKMOD, a simulation model developed at Helsinki University of Technology for a specific wind-diesel system layout, with special emphasis on the battery submodel and its use in simulation. The model has been included into the European wind-diesel modeling software package WDLTOOLS under the CEC JOULE project 'Engineering Design Tools for Wind-Diesel Systems' (JOUR-0078). WDLTOOLS serves as the user interface and processes the input and output data of different logistic simulation models developed by the project participants. TKKMOD cannot be run without this shell. The report only describes the simulation principles and model specific parameters of TKKMOD and gives model specific user instructions. The input and output data processing performed outside this model is described in the documentation of the shell. The simulation model is utilized for calculation of long-term performance of the reference system configuration for given wind and load conditions. The main results are energy flows, losses in the system components, diesel fuel consumption, and the number of diesel engine starts.

Ostéogenèse imparfaite type III de découverte tardive: à propos d'un cas

PubMed Central

Rachidi, Wafae; Nassar, Kawtar; Janani, Saadia; Mkinsi, Ouafa

2015-01-01

Patient âgé de 52 ans, était admis dans notre établissement pour des polyarthralgies chroniques, plutôt mécaniques, touchant spécialement les articulations du membre inférieur. L'interrogatoire retrouvait l'antécédent de fractures répétées depuis l'enfance, pour des traumatismes minimes, suite à des chutes par glissement. Les signes cliniques et radiologiques, notamment, les fractures récurrentes, sclérotiques bleues, hyperlaxité ligamentaire, dentinogenèse imparfaite, syndrome dysmorphique, ostéoporose densitométrique importante, plaidaient tous en faveur d'une ostéogénèse imparfaite type III. Le patient a initié le traitement, par prise régulière du calcium (1g/jour), supplémentation en vitamine D, et il est programmé pour perfusion de Bisphosphonate (Pamidronate 60mg). Ce cas illustre une forme rare de découverte tardive d'ostéogénèse imparfaite type III. PMID:25995811

Regard sur les lazarets en terre canadienne

PubMed Central

Milot, Jean

2008-01-01

Puisant dans les nombreuses références qu’offrent les publications médicales canadiennes du milieu du XIXe siècle à nos jours, l’auteur fait découvrir l’existence de lazarets en terre canadienne, décrit l’impact de la maladie sur les conditions vie des lépreux qui y étaient confinés et en souligne les contrecoups tant sur le plan physique et psychologique que social. Il présente un bref aperçu de la maladie, ses symptômes, ses signes ainsi que ses complications oculaires et rappelle les premiers moyens thérapeutiques à base d’huile de chaulmoogra introduits dans la colonie de Tracadie vers 1901. Il illustre son propos en évoquant la vie dans les lazarets de l’île de Sheldrake (1844–1848) et de Tracadie (1848–1965) au Nouveau-Brunswick, puis dans ceux des îles D’Arcy (1891–1924) et de Bentinck (1924–1957) en Colombie-Britannique. PMID:19352451

Contribution a la comprehension de la durabilite a l'ecaillage des betons contenant de la cendre volante et du laitier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houehanou, Ernesto C.

similaires apres 4 et 6 annees de service. La microstructure des betons en service a ete analysee au moyen du microscope a balayage electronique (MEB). Les resultats montrent que la qualite du murissement influence grandement la durabilite a l'ecaillage des betons contenant de la cendre volante et de laitier surtout lorsqu'ils sont soumis ' aux essais acceleres en laboratoire. La duree du pretraitement humide est un parametre cle de la durabilite a l'ecaillage des betons testes en laboratoire. Le pretraitement humide correspond a la duree totale du murissement humide (100% HR) et de la periode de presaturation. Pour les deux methodes d'essai, l'allongement du pretraitement humide a 28 jours ameliore la resistance a l'ecaillage de tous les types de betons et en particulier celle des betons avec cendres volantes. Pour les deux methodes d'essai, l'allongement du pretraitement humide a 28 jours ameliore la resistance a l'ecaillage de tous les types de betons et en particulier celle des betons avec cendres volantes. La periode de presaturation de 7 jours de la procedure NQ 2621-900 a un effet similaire a celui d'un murissement humide de meme longueur. Un murissement humide de 28 jours apparait optimal et conduit a une estimation plus realiste de la resistance a l'ecaillage reelle des betons. Pour une meme duree de pretraitement humide, les procedures NQ 2621-900 et ASTM C672 donnent des resultats equivalents. L'utilisation d'un moule a fond drainant n'a pas d'effet sur la resistance a l'ecaillage des betons de cette etude. Bien que le murissement dans l'eau saturee de chaux offre toute l'eau requise pour favoriser le developpement des proprietes du beton et l'amelioration de sa durabilite a l'ecaillage, elle lessive cependant les ions alcalins ce qui diminue defavorablement l'alcalinite et le pH de la solution interstitielle de la pate de ciment pres de la surface exposee. L'utilisation d'un agent de murissement protege mieux les betons contenant de la cendre volante et ameliore

Swift Creek Landslide Observatory: a university public - private partnership for education and public safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linneman, S. R.

2017-12-01

Community - Scientist partnerships take many forms. In the northwest corner of Washington state a large, active, serpentinitic earthflow has, for decades, shed >25,000 m^3/yr of asbestos-rich sediment into a small agricultural stream system. While the landslide, which moves 3 m/yr, and its unusual sediment have much attracted scientific interest, the situation also presents a great opportunity for community - scientist partnerships. The Swift Creek Landslide Observatory (SCLO) (http://landslide.geol.wwu.edu) is a partnership between scientists and technical staff at Western Washington University + local landowners + the state Department of Ecology + Whatcom County Public Works + a local video security firm. SCLO maintains two remote webcams from which current images are posted to the SCLO website hourly. Users can also view archived images from the cameras, create image-compare visualizations, and create time-lapse movies from the eight-year image archive. SCLO is used by local emergency managers and residents to evaluate the threat of debris flows and floods. It is also used by educators to dramatically illustrate hillslope evolution at a variety of time scales.

Open Course Ware, Distance Education, and 21st Century Geoscience Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Connors, M. G.

2010-12-01

Open Course Ware (OCW) allows the highest quality educational materials (including videos of lectures from the best classroom lecturers) to find a wide audience. This audience may include many who wish to obtain credentials for formal study yet who are unable to be campus-based students. This opens a role for formal, credentialed and accredited distance education (DE) to efficiently integrate OCW into DE courses. OCW materials will in this manner be able to be used for education of credential-seeking students who would not otherwise benefit from them. Modern presentation methods using the Internet and video (including mobile device) technologies may offer pedagogical advantages over even traditional classroom learning. A detailed analysis of the development of Athabasca University’s PHYS 302 Vibrations and Waves course (based mainly on MIT’s OCW), and application of lessons learned to development of PHYS 305 Electromagnetism is presented. These courses are relevant to the study of geophysics, but examples of GEOL (Geology) courses will also be mentioned, along with an broad overview of OCW resources in Geoscience.

Magnetite-apatite-dolomitic rocks of Ust-Chulman (Aldan shield, Russia): Seligdar-type carbonatites?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prokopyev, Ilya R.; Doroshkevich, Anna G.; Redina, Anna A.; Obukhov, Andrey V.

2018-04-01

The Ust-Chulman apatite ore body is situated within the Nimnyrskaya apatite zone at the Aldan shield in Russia. The latest data confirm the carbonatitic origin of the Seligdar apatite deposit (Prokopyev et al. in Ore Geol Rev 81:296-308, 2017). The results of our investigations demonstrate that the magnetite-apatite-dolomitic rocks of the Ust-Chulman are highly similar to Seligdar-type dolomitic carbonatites in terms of the mineralogy and the fluid regime of formation. The ilmenite and spinel mineral phases occur as solid solutions with magnetite, and support the magmatic origin of the Ust-Chulman ores. The chemical composition of REE- and SO3-bearing apatite crystals and, specifically, monazite-(Ce) mineralisation and the formation of Nb-rutile, late hydrothermal sulphate minerals (barite, anhydrite) and haematite are typical for carbonatite complexes. The fluid inclusions study revealed similarities to the evolutionary trend of the Seligdar carbonatites that included changes of the hydrothermal solutions from highly concentrated chloride to medium-low concentrated chloride-sulphate and oxidized carbonate-ferrous.

Diffuse fluid flux through orogenic belts: Implications for the world ocean

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ingebritsen, S.E.; Manning, C.E.

2002-01-01

Fifty years ago a classic paper by W. W. Rubey [(1951) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 62, 1111-1148] examined various hypotheses regarding the origin of sea water and concluded that the most likely hypothesis was volcanic outgassing, a view that was generally accepted by earth scientists for the next several decades. More recent work suggests that the rate of subduction of water is much larger than the volcanic outgassing rate, lending support to hypotheses that either ocean volume has decreased with time, or that the imbalance is offset by continuous replenishment of water by cometary impacts. These alternatives are required in the absence of additional mechanisms for the return of water from subducting lithosphere to the Earth's surface. Our recent work on crustal permebility suggests a large capacity for water upflow through tectonically active continental crust, resulting in a heretofore unrecognized degassing pathway that can accommodate the waer subduction rate. Escape of recycled water via delivery from the mantle through zones of active metamorphism eliminates the mass-balance argument for the loss of ocean volume or extraterestrial sources.

Coal fly ash as a resource for rare earth elements.

PubMed

Franus, Wojciech; Wiatros-Motyka, Małgorzata M; Wdowin, Magdalena

2015-06-01

Rare earth elements (REE) have been recognised as critical raw materials, crucial for many clean technologies. As the gap between their global demand and supply increases, the search for their alternative resources becomes more and more important, especially for the countries which depend highly on their import. Coal fly ash (CFA), which when not utilised is considered waste, has been regarded as the possible source of many elements, including REE. Due to the increase in the energy demand, CFA production is expected to grow, making research into the use of this material a necessity. As Poland is the second biggest coal consumer in the European Union, the authors have studied different coal fly ashes from ten Polish power plants for their rare earth element content. All the fly ashes have a broadly similar distribution of rear earth elements, with light REE being dominant. Most of the samples have REE content relatively high and according to Seredin and Dai (Int J Coal Geol 94: 67-93, 2012) classification can be considered promising REE raw materials.

Swash saturation: an assessment of available models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hughes, Michael G.; Baldock, Tom E.; Aagaard, Troels

2018-06-01

An extensive previously published (Hughes et al. Mar Geol 355, 88-97, 2014) field data set representing the full range of micro-tidal beach states (reflective, intermediate and dissipative) is used to investigate swash saturation. Two models that predict the behavior of saturated swash are tested: one driven by standing waves and the other driven by bores. Despite being based on entirely different premises, they predict similar trends in the limiting (saturated) swash height with respect to dependency on frequency and beach gradient. For a given frequency and beach gradient, however, the bore-driven model predicts a larger saturated swash height by a factor 2.5. Both models broadly predict the general behavior of swash saturation evident in the data, but neither model is accurate in detail. While swash saturation in the short-wave frequency band is common on some beach types, it does not always occur across all beach types. Further work is required on wave reflection/breaking and the role of wave-wave and wave-swash interactions to determine limiting swash heights on natural beaches.

Implications of crustal permeability for fluid movement between terrestrial fluid reservoirs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ingebritsen, S.E.; Manning, C.E.

2003-01-01

A classic paper by Rubey [Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull 62 (1951) 1111] examined various hypotheses regarding the origin of sea water and concluded that the most likely hypothesis was volcanic outgassing, a view that was generally accepted by Earth scientists for the next several decades. More recent work suggests that the rate of subduction of water is much larger than the volcanic outgassing rate, lending support to hypotheses that either ocean volume has decreased with time, or that the imbalance is offset by continuous replenishment of water by cometary impacts. These alternatives are required in the absence of additional mechanisms for the return of water from subducting lithosphere to the Earth's surface. Our recent work on crustal permeability suggests a large capacity for water upflow through tectonically active continental crust, resulting in a heretofore-unrecognized degassing pathway that can accommodate the water-subduction rate. Escape of recycled water via delivery from the mantle through zones of active metamorphism eliminates the mass-balance argument for the loss of ocean volume or extraterrestrial sources. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Geomorphological stability of Permo-Triassic albitized profiles - case study of the Montseny-Guilleries High (NE Iberia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parcerisa, D.; Casas, L.; Franke, C.; Gomez-Gras, D.; Lacasa, G.; Nunez, J. A.; Thiry, M.

2010-05-01

could draw the link of the paleosurface preservation to its albitisation [Battiau-Queney, 1996; Widdowson, 1997]. Anadón, P., Colombo, F., Esteban, M., Marzo, M., Robles, S., Santanach, P., Solé-Sugrañes, L.., 1979. Evolución tectonostratigráfica de los Catalánides. Acta Geológica Hispánica, 14: 242-270. Battiau-Queney Y., 1996, A tentative classification of paleoweathering formations based on geomorphological criteria. Geomorphology, 16, p. 87-102. Gómez-Gras, D., 1993. El Permotrias de la Cordillera Costero Catalana: facies y petrologia sedimentaria (Parte I). Boletin Geologico y Minero, 104(2): 115-161. Gómez-Gras, D., Ferrer, C., 1999. Caracterización petrológica de perfiles de meteorización antiguos desarrollados en granitos tardihercínicos de la Cordillera Costero Catalana. Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 12(2): 281-299. Parcerisa, D., Thiry, M., Schmitt, J.M., 2009. Albitisation related to the Triassic unconformity in igneous rocks of the Morvan Massif (France). International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol Rundsch). DOI 10.1007/s00531-008-0405-1 Ricordel, C., Parcerisa, D., Thiry, M., Moreau, M.G., Gómez-Gras, D., 2007. Triassic magnetic overprints related to albitization in granites from the Morvan massif (France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 251: 268-282. Schmitt J.M., 1992, Triassic albitization in southern France : an unusual mineralogical record from a major continental paleosurface. in : Mineralogical and geochemical records of paleoweathering, IGCP 317, Schmitt J.M., Gall Q., (eds), E.N.S.M.P. Mém. Sc. de la Terre, 18, p. 115-132. Widdowson M., 1997, The geomorphological and geological importance of palaeosurfaces. in: Widdowson M. (ed.), Palaeosurfaces: recognition, reconstruction and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Geol. Soc. Special Publ., 120, p. 1-12.

Structures in an anhydrite layer embedded in halite matrix: Results from thermomechanical experiments under bulk plain strain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mertineit, M.; Zulauf, G.; Peinl, M.; Zanella, F.; Bornemann, O.

2009-04-01

considers rheological parameters. Moreover experiments carried out under bulk constrictional strain (Zulauf et al., 2007, 2009) show a similar dependency of the initial layer thickness and boudin width. For microstructual investigations of the halite matrix, thin sections (XZ- and YZ-sections) were prepared and etched following the method of Urai et al. (1987). First microfabric data show that halite behaves viscous whereas anhydrite deforms by fracturing or rare folding under the chosen deformation conditions. Halite deforms by climb-controlled dislocation creep with strain hardening (Carter et al., 1993). Anhydrite, on the other hand, was deformed in the brittle-plastic regime, characterized by twinning, kinking and fracturing. The subgrain size of halite has been used to estimate the differential stress (Schléder & Urai, 2005, 2007), that was compared with the stress recorded by the load cells. The subgrain size of deformed halite varies between 0.04 and 0.07mm, resulting in differential stresses between 3.3 +1.5/-0.8 MPa (S⊥X) and 4.2 +3.0/-1.2 MPa (S⊥Z), although the conditions for piezometry are not completely fulfilled (e.g. lack of steady state during deformation in some samples). These stress values in the matrix fit with the stress values recorded during deformation. Close to rigid anhydrite the subgrain size decreases to values of 0.02 - 0.03 mm, reflecting peak stress up to 6.7 +3.7/-0.7 MPa. We do not know the reasons why folding of the anhydrite layer is largely lacking, although the viscosity contrast between halite and anhydrite should be appropriate for folding. Possible reasons are the lack in confining pressure or mechanical anisotropies in the undeformed anhydrite. Further investigations will focus on the texture of halite and on microfabrics of the anhydrite. References Carter, N.L., Horseman, S.T., Russel, J.E. & Handin, J (1993): Rheology of rocksalt, J. Struct. Geol., Vol. 15, No. 9/10, p. 1257-1271 Price, N.J.; Cosgrove, J.W. (1990

A malaria model tested in the African savannah*

PubMed Central

Dietz, K.; Molineaux, L.; Thomas, A.

1974-01-01

A new mathematical model of malaria has been developed for comparing the effects of alternative control measures. It describes both the temporal changes of the P. falciparum infection rate and the immunity level of the population as a function of the dynamics and characteristics of the vector populations, which are summarized in the concept of vectorial capacity. A critical vectorial capacity is specified, below which malaria cannot maintain itself at an endemic level. The model has been tested with epidemiological data collected in a WHO research project in the African Savannah, Kano State, Northern Nigeria, since October 1970. The estimates of the model parameters were obtained by minimizing the χ2 function that measures the discrepancy between the observed and expected age-specific parasite rates in the two villages with the highest and the lowest vectorial capacity, respectively, at five surveys during one year of baseline data collection and between the observed and expected infant inoculation rates, in the main transmission seasons, in the same two villages. The model describes three aspects of immunity: loss of infectivity, loss of detectability, and increase of recovery rate. It is assumed that loss of infectivity precedes loss of detectability and increase of recovery rate. Superinfections are slowing down the recovery for high inoculation rates but do not reduce them to zero. They do not increase infectivity. PMID:4613512

Salmonella Bacteremia Among Children in Central and Northwest Nigeria, 2008–2015

PubMed Central

Obaro, Stephen K.; Hassan-Hanga, Fatimah; Olateju, Eyinade K.; Umoru, Dominic; Lawson, Lovett; Olanipekun, Grace; Ibrahim, Sadeeq; Munir, Huda; Ihesiolor, Gabriel; Maduekwe, Augustine; Ohiaeri, Chinatu; Adetola, Anthony; Shetima, Denis; Jibir, Binta W.; Nakaura, Hafsat; Kocmich, Nicholas; Ajose, Therasa; Idiong, David; Masokano, Kabir; Ifabiyi, Adeyemi; Ihebuzor, Nnenna; Chen, Baojiang; Meza, Jane; Akindele, Adebayo; Rezac-Elgohary, Amy; Olaosebikan, Rasaq; Suwaid, Salman; Gambo, Mahmoud; Alter, Roxanne; Davies, Herbert D.; Fey, Paul D.

2015-01-01

Background. Etiologic agents of childhood bacteremia remain poorly defined in Nigeria. The absence of such data promotes indiscriminate use of antibiotics and delays implementation of appropriate preventive strategies. Methods. We established diagnostic laboratories for bacteremia surveillance at regional sites in central and northwest Nigeria. Acutely ill children aged <5 years with clinically suspected bacteremia were evaluated at rural and urban clinical facilities in the Federal Capital Territory, central region and in Kano, northwest Nigeria. Blood was cultured using the automated Bactec incubator system. Results. Between September 2008 and April 2015, we screened 10 133 children. Clinically significant bacteremia was detected in 609 of 4051 (15%) in the northwest and 457 of 6082 (7.5%) in the central region. Across both regions, Salmonella species account for 24%–59.8% of bacteremias and are the commonest cause of childhood bacteremia, with a predominance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole was 38.11%, with regional differences in susceptibility to different antibiotics but high prevalence of resistance to readily available oral antibiotics. Conclusions. Salmonella Typhi is the leading cause of childhood bacteremia in central Nigeria. Expanded surveillance is planned to define the dynamics of transmission. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains calls for improvement in environmental sanitation in the long term and vaccination in the short term. PMID:26449948

From the Dawn of Nuclear Physics to the First Atomic Bombs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woolbright, Stephen; Schumacher, Jacob; Michonova-Alexova, Ekaterina

2014-03-01

This work gives a fresh look at the major discoveries leading to nuclear fission within the historical perspective. The focus is on the main contributors to the discoveries in nuclear physics, leading to the idea of fission and its application to the creation of the atomic bombs used at the end of the World War II. The present work is a more complete review on the history of the nuclear physics discoveries and their application to the atomic bomb. In addition to the traditional approach to the topic, focusing mainly on the fundamental physics discoveries in Europe and on the Manhattan Project in the United States, the nuclear research in Japan is also emphasized. Along with that, a review of the existing credible scholar publications, providing evidence for possible atomic bomb research in Japan, is provided. Proper credit is given to the women physicists, whose contributions had not always been recognized. Considering the historical and political situation at the time of the scientific discoveries, thought-provoking questions about decision-making, morality, and responsibility are also addressed. The work refers to the contributions of over 20 Nobel Prize winners. EM-A is grateful to Prof. Walter Grunden and to Prof. Emeritus Shadahiko Kano, Prof. Emeritus Monitori Hoshi for sharing their own notes, documents, and references, and to CCCU for sponsoring her participation in the 2013 Nuclear Weapons Seminar in Japan.

Desert dust and human health disorders.

PubMed

Goudie, Andrew S

2014-02-01

Dust storms may originate in many of the world's drylands and have an effect not only on human health in the drylands themselves but also in downwind environments, including some major urban centres, such as Phoenix, Kano, Athens, Madrid, Dubai, Jedda, Tehran, Jaipur, Beijing, Shanghai, Seoul, Taipei, Tokyo, Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne. In some parts of the world dust storms occur frequently throughout the year. They can transport particulate material, pollutants, and potential allergens over thousands of km from source. The main sources include the Sahara, central and eastern Asia, the Middle East, and parts of the western USA. In some parts of the world, though not all, the frequency of dust storms is changing in response to land use and climatic changes, and in such locations the health implications may become more severe. Data on the PM10 and P2.5 loadings of dust events are discussed, as are various pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides, etc.) and biological components (spores, fungi, bacteria, etc.). Particulate loadings can far exceed healthy levels. Among the human health effects of dust storms are respiratory disorders (including asthma, tracheitis, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis and silicosis) cardiovascular disorders (including stroke), conjunctivitis, skin irritations, meningococcal meningitis, valley fever, diseases associated with toxic algal blooms and mortality and injuries related to transport accidents. © 2013.

Factors affecting the appreciation generated through applying human factors/ergonomics (HFE) principles to systems of work.

PubMed

So, R H Y; Lam, S T

2014-01-01

This retrospective study examined the levels of appreciation (applause) given by clients to Human Factors/Ergonomic (HFE) specialists after they have modified the systems of work. Thirteen non-academic projects were chosen because the HFE interventions involved changed the way workers work at their workplaces. Companies involved range from multi-national corporations and military organizations with thousands of employees to small trading companies with less than 10 employees. In 5 cases the HFE recommendations were fully adopted and well appreciated. In 4 they were largely ignored and not appreciated, with partial adoption and some appreciation in the other 4 cases. Three factors that predict appreciation were identified: (i) alignment between the benefits HFE can provide and the project's key performance indices; (ii) awareness of HFE among the client's senior management; and (iii) a team organization appropriate for applying HFE recommendations. Having an HFE specialist on the client's side can greatly increase levels of appreciation, but lack of such a specialist will not affect levels of appreciation. A clear contractual requirement for HFE intervention does not promote appreciation significantly, but its absence can greatly reduce levels of appreciation. These relationships are discussed using the Kano's model of quality. Means to generate greater appreciation of the benefits of HFE are discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

The initial superposition of oceanic and continental units in the southern Western Alps: constraints on geometrical restoration and kinematics of the continental subduction wedge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dumont, Thierry; Schwartz, Stéphane; Matthews, Steve; Malusa, Marco; Jouvent, Marine

2017-04-01

older in the oceanic rocks (Malusà et al. 2015). Finally, further SE, the Voltri massif shows a huge volume of serpentinized mantle which locally overlies continental basement (strongly metamorphosed), and is interpreted as an exhumed remnant of the subduction channel (Federico et al., 2007). In all these localities the transport directions during initial pulses of stacking were consistently oriented generally towards the NW to N, taking into account the subsequent Oligocene and younger collision-related deformation (complex folds, thrusts, backfolds and backthrusts, and block-rotations). It is thus possible to attempt reconstructing an early stage continental subduction wedge involving these different elements from the subduction channel to the most frontal part of the accretionary complex. However, this early Alpine orogen which was active throughout the Eocene is interpreted to have propagated generally towards the NW to N, prior to subsequent pulses of more westerly directed deformation from the Oligocene onwards within the southern part of the Western Alps arc. It is therefore essential to continually improve high-resolution 3D geophysical imaging to facilitate a better understanding of the complex western termination of the Alpine orogen. References: Dumont T., Schwartz S., Guillot S., Simon-Labric S., Tricart P. & Jourdan S. (2012), Structural and sedimentary record of the Oligocene revolution in the Western Alpine arc. Jour. Geodynamics, doi:10.1016/j.jog.2011.11.006 Federico L., Crispini L., Scambelluri M. & Capponi G. (2007), Ophiolite mélange zone records exhumation in a fossil subduction channel. Geology, 35, p. 499-502 Malusà M.G., Faccenna C., Baldwin S.L., Fitzgerald P.G., Rossetti F., Balestrieri M.L., Danišík M., Ellero A., Ottria G. & Piromallo C. (2015), Contrasting styles of (U)HP rock exhumation along the Cenozoic Adria-Europe plate boundary (Western Alps, Calabria, Corsica). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. ,16, p. 1786-1824 Tricart P. & Schwartz S

Fentes labiopalatines dans la province du Katanga en République Démocratique du Congo: Aspects épidémiologiques, anatomocliniques et thérapeutiques

PubMed Central

Sangwa, Cedrick Milindi; Mukuku, Olivier; Tshisuz, Christian; Panda, Jules Mulefu; Kakinga, Mireille; Kitembo, Marius Feruzi; Mutomb, Jean-Felix; Odimba, Bwana Fwamba

2014-01-01

Les fentes labiopalatines sont les malformations les plus rencontrées de la sphère orofaciale. L'objectif est de décrire le profil épidémiologique, anatomoclinique et thérapeutique des fentes labiopalatines observées dans la province minière du Katanga au sud-est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée dans quatre institutions hospitalières de la province du Katanga dans des districts sanitaires différents (Hôpital Jason Sendwe à Lubumbashi, Hôpital Gécamines Panda à Likasi, Hôpital Gécamines du personnel à Kolwezi, Hôpital General de référence de Kamina) et qui a porté sur 154 cas de fentes labiopalatines enregistrés au cours de la période allant du 1er mai 2010 au 30 septembre 2012. L'âge moyen de consultation était de 11,8 ans et une prédominance masculine (55,2%) était notée. Un pic était noté chez les deux premiers nés de la famille (55,8%). Nous avons enregistré 20,7% des cas de consanguinité dont 54,2% de premier degré. La fréquence des différents types de fentes labiopalatines diminue au fur à mesure que la fente s'étend de la lèvre supérieure au palais en passant par l'alvéole : 72% (labiales), 21,4% (labiopalatines) et 7,7% (palatines). Les variétés unilatérales sont plus fréquentes (76,7%) que les bilatérales (16,1%). Dans les formes unilatérales, le côté gauche est plus concerné (47,1%) par rapport au côté droit (38,6%). L'évaluation de la gravité selon Anastassov montre que 50,6% de nos patients étaient de degré moyen et 16,2% étaient à un degré sévère. Les malformations associées ont été retrouvées dans 5% des cas et elles sont à prédominance squelettique. C'est la technique de Millard qui a été la plus pratiquée (72/130). Les résultats étaient excellents dans 71,5% contre 1,5% de mauvais. Le séjour d'hospitalisation était de 3 jours et le taux de complications post opératoire était de 2,98%. PMID:25328615

Pore-fluid chemistry along the main axis of an active lobe at the Congo deep-sea fan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Croguennec, C.; Ruffine, L.; Guyader, V.; Le Bruchec, J.; Ruesch, B.; Caprais, J.; Cathalot, C.; de Prunelé, A.; Germain, Y.; Bollinger, C.; Dennielou, B.; Olu, K.; Rabouille, C.

2013-12-01

channel system of the Zaire deep-sea fan, Mar. Pet. Geol., 19, 445-467. Savoye, B., Babonneau, N., Dennielou, B. & Bez, M., 2009. Geological overview of the Angola-Congo margin, the Congo deep-sea fan and its submarine valleys, Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 56, 2169-2182. Vangriesheim, A., Khripounoff, A. & Crassous, P., 2009. Turbidity events observed in situ along the Congo submarine channel, Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 56, 2208-2222. Zabel, M. & Schulz, H.D., 2001. Importance of submarine landslides for non-steady state conditions in pore water systems - lower Zaire (Congo) deep-sea fan, Mar. Geol., 176, 87-99.

Evidence of Arc Magma Genesis in a Paleo-Mantle Wedge, the Higashi-Akaishi Peridotite, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Till, C. B.; Guild, M. R.; Grove, T. L.; Carlson, R. W.

2014-12-01

. [1] Enami et al. (2004) J. Meta. Geol. 22, 1-15. [2] Okamoto et al. (2004) Terra Nova 16, 81-89. [3] Wallis et al. (1990) J. Meta. Geol. 27, 93-105. [4] Hattori et al. (2010) Island Arc 19, 192-207. [5] Grove et al. (2006) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 249, 74-89. [6] Till et al. (2012) Cont. Min. Petrol. 163, 669-688.

Comparing the topographic long profiles of gullies on Earth and Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conway, Susan; Balme, Matthew; Murray, John; Towner, Martin

2014-05-01

Planet. Sci. Conf. 35, (2004),no. 1556. [6] C.H. Hugenholtz, Icarus, (2008), 197,65-72. [7] J.L. Dickson and J.W. Head, Icarus, (2009), 204,63-86. [8] C.J. Gallagher and M.R. Balme, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., (2011), 356,87-110. [9] J.T. Hack, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., (1957), 294-B,45-97. [10] M.A. Kreslavsky, Workshop Martian Gullies, (2008),abs.#1301.

Re-Os Isotopic Characteristics of the Earth's Oldest Preserved Oceanic Crustal Fragments (Isua Supracrustals Belt, W Greenland); A Vastly Disturbed System.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frei, R.; Frei, R.; Jensen, B. K.

2001-12-01

, in press). They can be regarded as minimum ages of deposition of the supracrustals. The complexity of post-formational overprinting however makes it difficult to investigate and explore the Earth's mantle geochemical evolution before this time. Blichert-Toft, J. and Frei, R. (2001) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 3177-3187. Frei, R., Rosing, M.T., Waight, T.E., and Ulfbeck, D.G. (in press) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Frei,R. and Rosing, M.T. (in press) Chem. Geol. Nutman, A.P., Bennett, V.C., Friend, C.R.L., and Rosing, M.T. (1997) Chem. Geol., 141, 271-287.

Tectonic and metamorphic discontinuities in the Greater Himalayan Sequence in Central Himalaya: in-sequence shearing by accretion from the Indian plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carosi, Rodolfo

2016-04-01

. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Publ., 268, 1-23. Carosi R., Montomoli C., Rubatto D. & Visonà D. 2010. Tectonics, 29, TC4029. Iaccarino S., Montomoli C., Carosi R., Massonne H-J., Langone A., Visonà D. 2015. Lithos, 231, 103-121. Montomoli C., Iaccarino S., Carosi R., Langone A. & Visonà D. 2013. Tectonophysics 608, 1349-1370, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.06.006. Montomoli C., Carosi R., Iaccarino S. 2015. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Publ., 412, 25-41.

Hf isotope compositions In detrital zircons as a new tool for provenance studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobsen, Y. J.; Münker, C.; Mezger, K.

2003-04-01

with Nd crustal residence ages from the possible sources in Australia, Antarctica and Laurentia reveals the possible sources of the zircons. Based on the paleogeographic setting in Cambrian time the Grenville-age zircons were most likely derived from Drauning Maud Land (Antarctica), thus confirming earlier models by [1] and [3]. The Archean zircons were most likely derived from W-Australia (Yilgarn or Pilbara Kraton) or E-Antarctica (Miller Range). [1] Wombacher and Münker 2000: J. Geol. 108, [2] Ireland et al. 1998: Geology 26, [3] Flöttmann et al. 1998: J. Geol. Soc. 155.

VOC and VOX in fluid inclusions of quartz: New chemical insights into hydrothermal vein mineralization by GC-MS and GC-IRMS measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sattler, Tobias; Kirnbauer, Thomas; Keppler, Frank; Greule, Markus; Fischer, Jan; Spiekermann, Patrik; Schreiber, Ulrich; Mulder, Ines; Schöler, Heinz Friedrich

2015-04-01

, thermogenic or abiotic, and to investigate the relationship between aquifer rocks and FIs. Our results add new information to the evolution of FIs in hydrothermal systems and the potential role of hydrothermal fluids to the origin of life [6]. [1] Mulder et al., 2013 Chem. Geol., 358: 148-155 [2] Kirnbauer, 1998, Geologie und hydro-thermale Mineralisationen im rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirge. - 328 pp [3] Kirnbauer et al., 2012, Ore Geol. Reviews, 48: 239-257. [4] Jordan, 2003, Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Part P: 121-139 [5] Schöler & Keppler, 2003 Handbook of Environ-mental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Part P: 63-84; [6] Schreiber et al., 2012 Origins of Life and Evolution of Biosphere, 42: 47-54.

A 74 or 75 ka Age for the Toba Super-eruption? Resolving the Debate.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Storey, M.; Roberts, R. G.; Haslam, M.

2015-12-01

Rivera et al. (2013) and, hence, an astronomically calibrated age of 73.9 ka age for the Toba super-eruption. This confirms the original high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age determination of Storey et al. (2012) Storey et al., 2012, PNAS, 109, 18684-18688; Rivera et al., 2013, Chem. Geol., 345, 87-98; Rivera et al., 2014, Geol. 42 643-646; Mark et al, 2014, Quat. Geochron. 21, 90-103

A basic tool for post-seismic rebuilding: the new 1:5.000 scale geological map of Amatrice town

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mancini, Marco; Vignaroli, Gianluca; Ardizzone, Francesca; Bucci, Francesco; Cardinali, Mauro; Cavinato, Gian Paolo; Cosentino, Giuseppe; Di Salvo, Cristina; Fiorucci, Federica; Gaudiosi, Iolanda; Giallini, Silvia; Peronace, Edoardo; Polpetta, Federica; Putignano, Maria Luisa; Reichenbach, Paola; Santangelo, Michele; Scionti, Veronica; Simionato, Maurizio; Sirianni, Pietro; Stigliano, Francesco

2017-04-01

fans, downlapping the substratum, while on the West the stratigraphic setting is strongly complicated by large scale deformations (folding and tectonic repetitions) produced by shortening mechanisms. The recognized morphological irregularities, stratigraphic heterogeneities, and structural alignments are considered critical elements to define, at local scale, subsoil models useful for evaluating seismic amplification effects. References Koopman, A., (1983) Detachment tectonics in the central Apennines, Italy. Geol. Ultraiectina, 30, 1-155. Marini M., Milli S., Ravnås R., Moscatelli M. (2015) A comparative study of confined vs. semi-confined turbidite lobes from the Lower Messinian Laga Basin (Central Apennines, Italy): Implications for assessment of reservoir architecture. Mar. and Petrol. Geol., 63, 142-165.

Dating the emergence of the Africa Superswell: a window into mantle processes using combined (U-Th)/He and AFT thermochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dobson, Katherine J.; McDonald, Rhona; Brown, Roderick W.; Gallagher, Kerry; Stuart, Finlay M.

2010-05-01

-chronometer modelling techniques we can constrain the temporal and spatial distribution of denudation across Southern Africa. Ultimately we aim to constrain both the timing and rate of the emergence of the African Superswell and to provide quantitative constraints on when the first-order topography of Africa was created. References: 1. Nyblade & Sleep, 2003.Geochem Geophys Geosys 4, DOI:1029/2003GC000573 2. Burke & Gunnell, 2008. Geol. Soc. of Am., Memoir 201, pp 66 3. Partridge and Maud, 1987. S Afr J Geol 90, 179-208 4. Brown et al. 2002. J Geophys Res 107, DOI: 101029/2001JB000745 5. Tinker et al. 2008. Tectonophysics, 455, 77-93

Fake Statistically Valid Isotopic Ages in Impact Crater Geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jourdan, F.; Schmieder, M.; McWilliams, M. M.; Buchner, E.

2009-05-01

cross- calibrations in order to obtain both accurate and precise impact ages. [1] Earth Impact Database, Univ. New Brunswick, Canada (accessed Feb 28, 2009), [2] Jourdan et al., submitted to EPSL, [3] Baldwin et al., AJES 1991, [4] Grieve, Impact structures in Canada, GEOText 5, Geol. Assoc. Canada, 2006, [5] Jourdan et al., LPSC 39, 2008., [6] van Soest et al., LPSC 40, 2009, [7] Schmieder et al., Geol. Mag. 145, 2008, [8] Buchner et al., LPSC 40, 2009.

Epanchement pleuro-péricardique liquidien révélant un lymphome lymphoblastique

PubMed Central

N'goran, Yves N'da Kouakou; Soya, Kossa Esaïe; Beossin, Sylvanus Koui; Angoran, Ines; Traore, Fatou; Tano, Micesse; Afassinou, Yaovi; Ekou, Arnaud; Koffi, Florent; Yao, Hermann; Kramoh, Euloge Kouadio; Kakou, Maurice Guikahue

2014-01-01

L'atteinte cardiaque au cours des lymphomes lymphoblastiques est rare. Il s'agissait d'un patient de 17 ans de race noire qui a été admis pour une douleur médiothoracique. Le patient avait des signes d'insuffisance cardiaque droite; un syndrome d’épanchement pleural liquidien gauche; des adénopathies superficielles et une splénomégalie de type IV de Hackett. La biopsie ganglionnaire a été réalisée pour la confirmation du diagnostic par analyse histologique et immuno-histochimique. Des ponctions pleurale et péricardique ont été effectuées. Le patient a été confié au service d'oncologie pédiatrique pour la chimiothérapie. L’évolution a été marquée par le décès du patient 18 jours après. La manifestation cardiaque est une entité rare et très souvent méconnue.la confirmation histologique est parfois difficile à obtenir du vivant de la plupart des patients. Le pronostic est souvent réservé à court terme. PMID:25419294

La perforation stercorale du côlon: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature

PubMed Central

Mahmoudi, Ammar; Maâtouk, Mezri; Noomen, Faouzi; Nasr, Mohamed; Zouari, Khadija; Hamdi, Abdelaziz

2015-01-01

Affection rare, la perforation stercorale du côlon touche des malades âgés souvent fragiles ayant une longue histoire de constipation chronique et sévère. Elle constitue une urgence chirurgicale dont le pronostic, souvent sombre, dépend du terrain et de la rapidité de la prise en charge. Nous rapportons le cas d'une perforation stercorale du côlon survenu chez une patiente âgée de 74 ans. La symptomatologie clinique était celle d'une péritonite aiguë évoluant depuis quatre jours. Le diagnostic n’était posé qu'en peropératoire. Le geste avait consisté en une intervention de Hartmann. Les suites étaient malheureusement marquées par un état de choc septique résistant aboutissant au décès de la patiente à J 2 postopératoire. Le diagnostic de perforation stercorale du côlon, souvent difficile et retardé, doit être connu par tous les médecins qui prennent en charge une population de patients de plus en plus âgés. PMID:26958112

Les supraconducteurs en courant alternatif

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacaze, A.; Laumond, Y.

1991-02-01

Since 1983, when the very first AC wire became available, the comprehension of electromagnetic phenomenas ruling over stability and losses of multifilamentary superconductors in AC use, has much improved. Improvements of manufacturing process has opened up the possibility of industrial scale manufacturing of up to one million, 140 nm in diameter, filaments. The AC loss performances and stability remains at the best level up to date. Les premiers brins supraconducteurs utilisables en courants alternatifs sont apparus en 1983. Depuis, des progrès importants ont été réalisés sur le plan de la compréhension des phénomènes électromagnétiques commandant les pertes et la stabilité dans des brins multifilamentaires à filaments ultrafins. L'amélioration des performances et des procédés de fabrication nous permet aujourd'hui de présenter des brins, fabriqués à l'échelle industrielle, comprenant jusqu'à près d'un million de filaments de 140 nm de diamètre, avec des niveaux de pertes et de stabilité inégalés à ce jour.

The Impact and Promise of Open-Source Computational Material for Physics Teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christian, Wolfgang

2017-01-01

A computer-based modeling approach to teaching must be flexible because students and teachers have different skills and varying levels of preparation. Learning how to run the ``software du jour'' is not the objective for integrating computational physics material into the curriculum. Learning computational thinking, how to use computation and computer-based visualization to communicate ideas, how to design and build models, and how to use ready-to-run models to foster critical thinking is the objective. Our computational modeling approach to teaching is a research-proven pedagogy that predates computers. It attempts to enhance student achievement through the Modeling Cycle. This approach was pioneered by Robert Karplus and the SCIS Project in the 1960s and 70s and later extended by the Modeling Instruction Program led by Jane Jackson and David Hestenes at Arizona State University. This talk describes a no-cost open-source computational approach aligned with a Modeling Cycle pedagogy. Our tools, curricular material, and ready-to-run examples are freely available from the Open Source Physics Collection hosted on the AAPT-ComPADRE digital library. Examples will be presented.

Mucocèle appendiculaire: à propos d'un cas observé à Lubumbashi

PubMed Central

Wakunga, Eric; Mukuku, Olivier; Bugeme, Marcellin; Tshiband, Moïse; Kipili, Audifax; Mobambo, Pitchou; Arung, Willy; Wakunga, Warach

2014-01-01

La mucocèle appendiculaire est une entité pathologique rare, mais potentiellement dangereuse, elle se présente sous différentes formes cliniques. Nous rapportons ici un cas d'une patiente âgée de 49 ans sans antécédents chirurgicaux chez qui nous avons découvert d'une façon fortuite cette affection. La clinique était celle d'un syndrome appendiculaire aigu patent et elle révélait une masse dans la fosse iliaque droite. Les examens de laboratoire ont montré une hyperleucocytose et une vitesse de sédimentation augmentée. L’échographie a démontré une masse kystique péricaecal. La patiente a subi une appendicectomie avec cæcectomie partielle et la pièce opératoire appendiculaire mesurait 153 mm de longueur et 64 mm de diamètre. L'analyse anatomopathologique de celle-ci a confirmé le diagnostic de mucocèle appendiculaire sans cellules de malignité. Les suites opératoires ont été simples et la patiente est sortie au cinquième jour postopératoire. PMID:25368725

Comparative Effects of Concept Mapping and Cooperative Learning Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students' Achievement in Mathematics-Trigonometry in Kano State, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bot, Thomas D.; Eze, John E.

2016-01-01

This article presents the findings from an experimental study on the effectiveness of concept mapping and cooperative learning strategies on SSII students' achievement in trigonometry in mathematics. The research design used in conducting the study was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test non-equivalent control group. The sample consisted of…

Cholecystokinin like immunoreactivity in the brains of young Meishan and Duroc pigs(4).

PubMed

Elmquist, J K; Ross, L R; Hsu, W; Rothschild, M F; Jacobson, C D

1993-01-12

zwischen Tag 1 und 20. Zwischen Rassen waren keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in CCK-IR. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen Anstieg in CCK-IR in Gehirnregionen, die bei Futteraufnahme involviert sind, und könnten der Fähigkeit junger Schweine zur Assimilation von Nährstoffen aus festen Rationen parallel sein. RÉSUMÉ: Immunoréactivité de type cholécyctokinine dans le cerveau de jeunes porcs Meishan et Duroc La cholécystokinine (CCK) est peptide présent à la fois dans le tractus gastro-intestinal et le cerveau. Son influence sur le contrôle de la consommation alimentaire a été mise en évidence dans plusieurs espèces d'animaux dont le porc. Les races porcines chinoises comme la Meishan présentent une faible croissance et un dépôt de gras important. Cette étude décrit les concentrations régionales des composés présentant une réactivité immunologique similaire à la cholécystokinine (CCK-IR), déterminés par dosage radio-immunologique, dans le cerveau de porcelets Duroc et Meishan. Des cerveaux de porcelets de chacune des deux races ont été examinés à 1, 10 et 20 jours après la naissance. La CCK-IR augmente avec l'âge dans les trois zones du cerveau examinées (cortex, moelle et hypothalamus). Les concentrations corticales augmentent significativement etre 1 et 10 jours d'â ainsi qu'entre 10 et 20 jours d'âge. Les concentrations dans l'hypothalamus et la moelle croissent significativement entre 1 et 20 jours d'âge. Les différences de CCK-IR entre races ne sont statistiquement significatives pour aucun des trois âges étudiés. Nos résultats montrent qu'un accroissement de CCK-IR dans les régions du cerveau impliquées dans le contrôle de la consommation alimentaire peutètre mis en parallèle avec la capacité de porcelets à assimiler les éléments nutritifs d'un régime alimentaire solide. RESUMEN: Immunoreactividad similar a la de la colecistoquinina en los cerebros de lechones jovenes Meishan y Duroc La colecistoquinina

Stress history and fracture pattern in fault-related folds based on limit analysis: application to the Sub-Andean thrust belt of Bolivia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbe, Charlotte; Leroy, Yves; Ben Miloud, Camille

2017-04-01

A methodology is proposed to construct the stress history of a complex fault-related fold in which the deformation mechanisms are essentially frictional. To illustrate the approach, fours steps of the deformation of an initially horizontally layered sand/silicone laboratory experiment (Driehaus et al., J. of Struc. Geol., 65, 2014) are analysed with the kinematic approach of limit analysis (LA). The stress, conjugate to the virtual velocity gradient in the sense of mechanicam power, is a proxy for the true statically admmissible stress field which prevailed over the structure. The material properties, friction angles and cohesion, including their time evolution are selected such that the deformation pattern predicted by the LA is consistent with the two main thrusting events, the first forward and the second backward once the layers have sufficiently rotated. The fractures associated to the stress field determined at each step are convected on today configuration to define the complete pattern which should be observed. The end results are presented along virtual vertical wells and could be used within the oil industry at an early phase of exploration to prepare drealing operations.

Seismic Wavefield Imaging of Long-Period Ground Motion in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagao, H.; Kano, M.; Nagata, K.; Ito, S. I.; Sakai, S.; Nakagawa, S.; Hori, M.; Hirata, N.

2017-12-01

Long-period ground motions due to large earthquakes can cause devastating disasters, especially in urbanized areas located on sedimentary basins. To assess and mitigate such damage, it is essential to rapidly evaluate seismic hazards for infrastructures, which can be simulated by seismic response analyses that use waveforms at the base of each infrastructure as an input ground motion. The present study reconstructs the seismic wavefield in the Tokyo metropolitan area located on the Kanto sedimentary basin, Japan, from seismograms of the Metropolitan Seismic Observation network (MeSO-net). The obtained wavefield fully explains the observed waveforms in the frequency band of 0.10-0.20 Hz. This is attributed to the seismic wavefield imaging technique proposed by Kano et al. (2017), which implements the replica exchange Monte Carlo method to simultaneously estimate model parameters related to the subsurface structure and source information. Further investigation shows that the reconstructed seismic wavefield lower than 0.30 Hz is of high quality in terms of variance reduction (VR), which quantifies a misfit in waveforms but that the VR rapidly worsens in higher frequencies. Meanwhile, the velocity response spectra show good agreement with observations up to 0.90 Hz in terms of the combined goodness of fit (CGOF), which is a measure of misfit in the velocity response spectra. Inputting the reconstructed wavefield into seismic response analyses, we can rapidly assess the overall damage to infrastructures immediately after a large earthquake.

Disambiguating the species of biomedical named entities using natural language parsers

PubMed Central

Wang, Xinglong; Tsujii, Jun'ichi; Ananiadou, Sophia

2010-01-01

Motivation: Text mining technologies have been shown to reduce the laborious work involved in organizing the vast amount of information hidden in the literature. One challenge in text mining is linking ambiguous word forms to unambiguous biological concepts. This article reports on a comprehensive study on resolving the ambiguity in mentions of biomedical named entities with respect to model organisms and presents an array of approaches, with focus on methods utilizing natural language parsers. Results: We build a corpus for organism disambiguation where every occurrence of protein/gene entity is manually tagged with a species ID, and evaluate a number of methods on it. Promising results are obtained by training a machine learning model on syntactic parse trees, which is then used to decide whether an entity belongs to the model organism denoted by a neighbouring species-indicating word (e.g. yeast). The parser-based approaches are also compared with a supervised classification method and results indicate that the former are a more favorable choice when domain portability is of concern. The best overall performance is obtained by combining the strengths of syntactic features and supervised classification. Availability: The corpus and demo are available at http://www.nactem.ac.uk/deca_details/start.cgi, and the software is freely available as U-Compare components (Kano et al., 2009): NaCTeM Species Word Detector and NaCTeM Species Disambiguator. U-Compare is available at http://-compare.org/ Contact: xinglong.wang@manchester.ac.uk PMID:20053840

State variations in women's socioeconomic status and use of modern contraceptives in Nigeria.

PubMed

Lamidi, Esther O

2015-01-01

According to the 2014 World Population Data Sheet, Nigeria has one of the highest fertility and lowest contraceptive prevalence rates around the world. However, research suggests that national contraceptive prevalence rate overshadows enormous spatial variations in reproductive behavior in the country. I examined the variations in women's socioeconomic status and modern contraceptive use across states in Nigeria. Using the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data (n = 18,910), I estimated the odds of modern contraceptive use among sexually active married and cohabiting women in a series of multilevel logistic regression models. The share of sexually active, married and cohabiting women using modern contraceptives widely varied, from less than one percent in Kano, Yobe, and Jigawa states, to 40 percent in Osun state. Most of the states with low contraceptive prevalence rates also ranked low on women's socioeconomic attributes. Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that women residing in states with greater shares of women with secondary or higher education, higher female labor force participation rates, and more women with health care decision-making power, had significantly higher odds of using modern contraceptives. Differences in women's participation in health care decisions across states remained significantly associated with modern contraceptive use, net of individual-level socioeconomic status and other covariates of modern contraceptive use. Understanding of state variations in contraceptive use is crucial to the design and implementation of family planning programs. The findings reinforce the need for state-specific family planning programs in Nigeria.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical laboratory practitioners in the fight against Ebola virus disease.

PubMed

Hamid, Kabir M; Yusuf, Ibrahim; Onoja, Bernard A; Koki, Abdullahi Y

2018-01-01

Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa was an enormous public health challenge. Nigeria was able to contain the spread of the virus with a concerted effort and an effective public health response in terms of identification of contacts, rapid laboratory diagnosis, quarantine and symptomatic treatment. We determined the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical laboratory practitioners (MLPs) in this post-Ebola epidemic era. This cross-sectional study was carried out in eight hospitals in Kano State for 6 months, between January and June 2016. It involved medical laboratory scientists (MLS), medical laboratory technicians (MLT) and medical laboratory assistants (MLA). Questionnaires were administered and analysed. Of the 75 participants, mean knowledge score was 5.54 (standard deviation [SD] ±1.44) while the mean attitude score was 13.72 ±2.80, and mean practice score was 3.10 ±0.80. Mean age of participants was 36.82 ± 8.07 years. There was full awareness of EVD among all 75 participants; however, many medical laboratory practitioners (52.7%) did not know EVD prevention methods. The majority (86.1%) knew the source of disease outbreak and most MLPs (66.7%) practised improper hand washing to prevent Ebola transmission. In addition, they had a negative attitude and practice towards EVD. Of 71 MLPs, 52 (73.2%) strongly disagreed that a traditional remedy was preferable in EVD treatment. Fear of EVD among MLPs has declined.

Confirming, Classifying, and Prioritizing Needed Over-the-Bed Table Improvements via Methodological Triangulation.

PubMed

Manganelli, Joe; Threatt, Anthony; Brooks, Johnell O; Healy, Stan; Merino, Jessica; Yanik, Paul; Walker, Ian; Green, Keith

2014-01-01

This article presents the results of a qualitative study that confirmed, classified, and prioritized user needs for the design of a more useful, usable, and actively assistive over-the-bed table. Manganelli et al. (2014) generated a list of 74 needs for use in developing an actively assistive over-the-bed table. This present study assesses the value and importance of those needs. Fourteen healthcare subject matter experts and eight research and design subject matter experts engaged in a participatory and iterative research and design process. A mixed methods qualitative approach used methodological triangulation to confirm the value of the findings and ratings to establish importance. Open and closed card sorts and a Delphi study were used. Data analysis methods included frequency analysis, content analysis, and a modified Kano analysis. A table demonstrating the needs that are of high importance to both groups of subject matter experts and classification of the design challenges each represents was produced. Through this process, the list of 74 needs was refined to the 37 most important need statements for both groups. Designing a more useful, usable, and actively assistive over-the-bed table is primarily about the ability to position it optimally with respect to the user for any task, as well as improving ease of use and usability. It is also important to make explicit and discuss the differences in priorities and perspectives demonstrated between research and design teams and their clients. © 2014 Vendome Group, LLC.

Facteurs de risque de mortalité par tuberculose pulmonaire

PubMed Central

Janah, Hicham; Souhi, Hicham; Kouismi, Hatim; Mark, Karima; Zahraoui, Rachida; Benamor, Jouda; Soualhi, Mona; Bourkadi, Jamal Eddine

2014-01-01

La tuberculose est une maladie infectieuse transmissible provoquée par myco-bacterium tuberculosis (bacille de Koch ou BK). Elle représente, selon les estimations del'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), l'une des pathologies infectieuses causant le plus de décès au niveau mondial avec plus de 1 million de décès par an. Pour déterminer les facteurs de risque de mortalité au cours de la tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive nous avons mené une étude rétrospective portant sur tous les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive et qui étaient décédés au cours de leur hospitalisation. Cette étude a colligé 1803 cas de tuberculose sur une période de 2 ans et demi dont 46 sont décédés. La prévalence de décès est de 2,55%. La population se répartit en 32 hommes et 14 femmes. L’âge moyen était de 53ans ± 17 ans. Le tabagisme était retrouvé chez la moitié des cas. Une comorbidité était retrouvée dans 43%, avec 17% de diabète. Le délai de diagnostic avait une médiane de 60 jours avec percentile (30j; 105j). La symptomatologie clinique était dominée par la toux, la dyspnée et les expectorations soit respectivement: 97,8%, 69,6% et 67,4% des cas. Sur le plan radiologique les lésions étaient diffuses et bilatérales dans 76,1% des cas. Tous les patients étaient mis sous SRHZ. 11% avaient présenté une toxicité aux antibacillaires (de type hépatiques dans 3 cas et neurologiques dans 2 cas). Le délai médian de décès était de 8,5 jours (5j; 17j). Les causes de décès retrouvées étaient: Une hépatite fulminante (3 cas), une décompensation acido-cétosique (3 cas), un SDRA (2 cas), des hémoptysies foudroyantes (2 cas), et respectivement un cas secondaire à une décompensation de BPCO, une décompensation cardiaque, une hypoglycémie et un tableau d'anasarque. Cette étude suggère que le terrain, le retard diagnostique et les effets secondaires du traitement sont les principaux facteurs de risque de

Plasma lipid profile in Nigerians with high--normal blood pressure.

PubMed

Saidu, Hadiza; Karaye, Kamilu Musa; Okeahialam, Basil N

2014-12-18

High blood pressure levels have been associated with elevated atherogenic blood lipid fraction, but epidemiological surveys often give inconsistent results across population sub-groups. To determine the extent to which there are differences in lipid profile based on blood pressure levels, we assessed lipid profile of subjects with high-normal blood pressure and compared with those of hypertensives and optimally normal blood pressure. The study was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Fasting lipid levels were examined among randomly selected patients with optimally normal blood pressure (group 1), high-normal blood pressure (group 2) and those with hypertension (group 3). Optimal blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of <120 mmHg/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of <80 mmHg; and high-normal blood pressure as SBP of 130-139 mmHg and/or DBP of 85-89 mmHg. A total of 300 subjects were studied, 100 in each group. The mean age of subjects in group 1 was 27.32±8.20 years and 60% were female, while that of group 2 was 34.04±6.25 years, and 53% were female, and that for group 3 was 52.81±13.3 years and 56% were female. The mean total cholesterol (TC) for subjects in group1 (3.96±0.40 mmol/L) was significantly lower than levels in group2 (4.55±1.01 mmol/L); P=<0.001. Subjects in group 3 (5.20±1.88 mmol/L), however had statistically significant higher mean TC when compared with group 2; (P=0.03). The difference between the groups for low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) followed the same pattern as that of TC, with statistically significant increasing trend across the blood pressure categories. Levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were however similar across the three groups (group 2 versus group 1; P=0.49, group 2 versus group 3; P=0.9). Increased TC (>5.2 mmol/L) was absent in group1, but found among 11% of group2 subjects and 40% of

High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express - a decade of PR/EO activities at Freie Universität Berlin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balthasar, Heike; Dumke, Alexander; van Gasselt, Stephan; Gross, Christoph; Michael, Gregory; Musiol, Stefanie; Neu, Dominik; Platz, Thomas; Rosenberg, Heike; Schreiner, Björn; Walter, Sebastian

2014-05-01

Since 2003 the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) experiment on the Mars Express mission is in orbit around Mars. First images were sent to Earth on January 14th, 2004. The goal-oriented HRSC data dissemination and the transparent representation of the associated work and results are the main aspects that contributed to the success in the public perception of the experiment. The Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group at Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) offers both, an interactive web based data access, and browse/download options for HRSC press products [www.fu-berlin.de/planets]. Close collaborations with exhibitors as well as print and digital media representatives allows for regular and directed dissemination of, e.g., conventional imagery, orbital/synthetic surface epipolar images, video footage, and high-resolution displays. On a monthly basis we prepare press releases in close collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) [http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/geol/fachrichtungen/planet/press/index.html]. A release comprises panchromatic, colour, anaglyph, and perspective views of a scene taken from an HRSC image of the Martian surface. In addition, a context map and descriptive texts in English and German are provided. More sophisticated press releases include elaborate animations and simulated flights over the Martian surface, perspective views of stereo data combined with colour and high resolution, mosaics, and perspective views of data mosaics. Altogether 970 high quality PR products and 15 movies were created at FUB during the last decade and published via FUB/DLR/ESA platforms. We support educational outreach events, as well as permanent and special exhibitions. Examples for that are the yearly "Science Fair", where special programs for kids are offered, and the exhibition "Mars Mission and Vision" which is on tour until 2015 through 20 German towns, showing 3-D movies, surface models, and images of the HRSC

Metasomatic Evolution in Tectonically Mixed Zones (Mélange) and Significance for Geochemical Evolution of the Slab-Mantle Interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bebout, G. E.; King, R. L.

2012-12-01

slabs to arc source regions bear chemical/isotopic signatures reflecting their interaction with these hybridized zones produced by mixing of varying proportions of sedimentary, mafic, and ultramafic compositions. Also, the high-variance hydrous mineral assemblages created by these coeval mechanical and metasomatic processes (e.g., nearly monomineralic chlorite, talc, and amphibole schists) could play an important role in the volatiles budgets at subduction zones (i.e., having stabilities to P and T significantly higher than those for mineral assemblages in metabasaltic and metasedimentary rocks containing the same mineral phases [1,4]). Field, petrologic/geochemical, theoretical, and geophysical studies should work toward assessment of the volumetric significance, physical properties, and devolatilization histories of these hybridized compositions. [1] Bebout and Barton (2002) Chem. Geol. 187:79-106 [2] King et al. (2006) Ear. Planet. Sci. Lett. 246:288-304 [3] King et al. (2007) Chem. Geol. 239:305-322 [4] Spandler et al. (2008) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 155:181-198 [5] Miller et al. (2009) Lithos 107:53-67

The "granite pump": LP/HT metamorphism and exhumation in the Montagne Nore (S-France)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franke, W.; Doublier, M. P.; Doerr, W.; Stein, E.

2003-04-01

gradient between the locus of melt generation in the orogenic root, and the opening pull-apart window. Such a pumping model may also be applied to other thermal anomalies in the Variscan Belt, e.g., in the SW-Bohemian Transverse Zone (FRANKE 2000), or in the Saxonian Granulites (FRANKE and STEIN 2000). Hydraulic expulsion of hot, low viscously materials has played an important role in the transport of heat for the hot Variscan root to higher and more external parts of the crust. FRANKE (2000); Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 179, 35-63. FRANKE and STEIN (2000); Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 179, 337-355. KLAMA et al. (2001); J. Conf. Abs.,6, 235. MALUSKI et al. (1991); Lithos, 26: 287-304. MATTE et al. (1998); Geodynamica Acta: 13-22. WIEDERER et al. (2002); Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 82, 393-407.

From Nm-Scale Measurements Of Mineral Dissolution Rate To Overall Dissolution Rate Laws: A Case Study Based On Diopside

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daval, D.; Saldi, G.; Hellmann, R.; Knauss, K.

2011-12-01

measurements and in situ monitoring of the topography of the dissolving surface of diopside in a hydrothermal AFM flow-cell (e.g. [5]). By investigating the dissolution of several cleavages, we will show how these latter techniques represent a powerful tool for studying the anisotropy of diopside dissolution, and determining which face ultimately controls its dissolution rate. An attempt to link these observations to macroscopic determination of diopside dissolution rates as a function of fluid composition will be discussed. [1] Daval et al. (2011) Chem. Geol., 284, 193-209. [2] Dixit & Carroll (2007) Geochem. T, 8, 1-14. [3] Daval et al. (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 2615-2633. [4] Arvidson & Luttge (2010) Chem. Geol., 269, 79-88. [5] Saldi et al. (2009) Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 5646-5657.

Isotope characterisation of historical alabaster quarries in Western Europe.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kloppmann, Wolfram; Leroux, Lise; Bromblet, Philippe; Cooper, Anthony H.; Nestler, Angela; Guerrot, Catherine; Montech, Anne-Thérèse; Worley, Noel

2015-04-01

ranging from the 14th to 16th century from the Louvre Museum, Cleveland Museum of Fine Arts, the Petit Palais Museum in Avignon and several regional collections and monuments. Burke W. H., Denison R. E., Hetherington E. A., Koepnick R. B., Nelson H. F., and Otto J. B. (1982) Variation of seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time. Geology 10, 516-519. Claypool G. E., Holser W. T., Kaplan I. R., Sakai H., and Zak I. (1980) The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation. Chem. Geol. 28, 199-260. Denison R. E., Kirkland D. W., and Evans R. (1998) Using strontium isotopes to determine the age and origin of gypsum and anhydrite beds. J. Geol. 106, 1-17. Kloppmann W., Leroux L., Bromblet P., Guerrot C., Proust E., Cooper A. H., Worley N., Smeds S. A., and Bengtsson H. (2014) Tracing Medieval and Renaissance Alabaster Works of Art Back to Quarries: A Multi-Isotope (Sr, S, O) Approach. Archaeometry 56, 203-219.

Mise à jour sur la prévention et le dépistage selon l’âge à l’intention des médecins de soins primaires canadiens

PubMed Central

Shimizu, Tawnya; Bouchard, Manon; Mavriplis, Cleo

2016-01-01

Résumé Objectif Faire la synthèse des meilleures lignes directrices fondées sur des données probantes concernant la prévention et le dépistage chez les adultes canadiens selon l’âge. Qualité des données Les recommandations du Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs représentent la source principale des renseignements et sont complétées par les recommandations pertinentes du Preventive Services Task Force des États-Unis lorsque celles du Groupe d’étude canadien étaient inaccessibles ou désuètes. Les guides de pratique des principales organisations nationales axées spécifiquement sur une maladie ou une spécialité ont aussi fait l’objet d’une révision pour prendre en compte les données factuelles les plus récentes. Message principal Les interventions de dépistage recommandées selon l’âge et le sexe sont présentées dans un tableau de synthèse où est mise en évidence la qualité des données à l’appui de ces recommandations. Un exemple de modèle à suivre dans les dossiers médicaux électroniques ou sur papier est aussi proposé. Conclusion Qu’il s’agisse d’une visite consacrée à la prévention ou d’une occasion saisie autrement de faire du counseling et du dépistage de prévention chez leurs patients, les médecins de soins primaires peuvent se servir de cette synthèse des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour maximiser leur efficience et prévenir d’importantes omissions ou des dépistages inutiles.

Differents aspects du fer dans l'organisme

PubMed Central

Bessis, Marcel; Breton-Gorius, Janine

1959-01-01

On voit des molécules de ferritine apparaitre dans le cytoplasme des cellules réticulaires au cours de la digestion des érythrocytes, autour des stromas phagocytés. Cette ferritine s'accumule en amas dans lesquels entrent d'autres substances, en particulier des lipides, provenant aussi des stromas globulaires et qui apparaissent sous forme myélinique. Souvent la ferritine se dispose d'une manière cristalline. Parfois la ferritine et l'apoferritine alternent dans ces cristaux. Parfois l'hémosidérine contient des cristaux qui semblent bien être de l'apoferritine pure. L'injection de sels de fer donne lieu à l'apparition de ferritine dans les cellules réticulaires. Dans les conditions de nos expériences, la plus grande partie du fer injecté était sous forme de ferritine dans un délai de 3 jours. Un aspect intermédiaire entre celui du fer injecté et celui de la ferritine a été trouvé. Dans le cas des injections de saccharate de fer ce sont de fines aiguilles; dans le cas des injections de lactate de fer, il s'agit de masses fibreuses. PMID:13800106

Accident D’Electrisation et Hemorragie Cerebro-Meningee : A Propos D’une Observation

PubMed Central

Chaibdraa, A.; Medjellakh, M.S.; Saouli, A.; Bentakouk, M.C.

2008-01-01

Summary L'électrisation est un évènement accidentel qui diffère des autres pathologies occasionnant des brûlures graves, à cause de ses spécificités qui traduisent d'une part la destruction du revêtement cutané, mais également les effets directs ou indirects du courant électrique sur tout tissu de l'organisme rencontré lors de son passage, en particulier le tissu nerveux. Les manifestations neurologiques centrales sont nombreuses, en relation avec les effets de l'électricité sur le parenchyme cérébral ou une lésion associée à l'électrisation. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une hémorragie cérébro-meningée survenant au 3ème jour d'une électrisation grave. Cette complication est bien documentée dans la littérature traitant des accidents d'électrisation post-foudroiement. N'ayant pas rencontré de cas similaire publié lors des accidents dus au courant industriel, nous présentons cette observation, qui soulève le problème du mécanisme physiopathologique de survenue, difficile à trancher. PMID:21991125

The effect of extrinsic attributes on liking of cottage cheese.

PubMed

Hubbard, E M; Jervis, S M; Drake, M A

2016-01-01

Preference mapping studies with cottage cheese have demonstrated that cottage cheese liking is influenced by flavor, texture, curd size, and dressing content. However, extrinsic factors such as package, label claims, and brand name may also influence liking and have not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of package attributes and brand on the liking of cottage cheese. A conjoint survey with Kano analysis (n=460) was conducted to explore the effect of extrinsic attributes (brand, label claim, milkfat content, and price) on liking. Following the survey, 150 consumers evaluated intrinsic attributes of 7 cottage cheeses with and without brand information in a 2-d crossover design. Results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and multivariate analyses. Milkfat content and price had the highest influence on liking by conjoint analysis. Cottage cheese with 2% milkfat and a low price was preferred. Specific label claims such as "excellent source of calcium (>10%)" were more attractive to consumers than "low sodium" or "extra creamy." Branding influenced overall liking and purchase intent for cottage cheeses to differing degrees. For national brands, acceptance scores were enhanced in the presence of the brand. An all-natural claim was more appealing than organic by conjoint analysis and this result was also confirmed with consumer acceptance testing. Findings from this study can help manufacturers, as well as food marketers, better target their products and brands with attributes that drive consumer choice. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Census-independent population mapping in northern Nigeria

DOE PAGES

Weber, Eric M.; Seaman, Vincent Y.; Stewart, Robert N.; ...

2017-10-21

Although remote sensing has long been used to aid in the estimation of population, it has usually been in the context of spatial disaggregation of national census data, with the census counts serving both as observational data for specifying models and as constraints on model outputs. Here we present a framework for estimating populations from the bottom up, entirely independently of national census data, a critical need in areas without recent and reliable census data. To make observations of population density, we replace national census data with a microcensus, in which we enumerate population for a sample of small areasmore » within the states of Kano and Kaduna in northern Nigeria. Using supervised texture-based classifiers with very high resolution satellite imagery, we produce a binary map of human settlement at 8-meter resolution across the two states and then a more refined classification consisting of 7 residential types and 1 non-residential type. Using the residential types and a model linking them to the population density observations, we produce population estimates across the two states in a gridded raster format, at approximately 90-meter resolution. We also demonstrate a simulation framework for capturing uncertainty and presenting estimates as prediction intervals for any region of interest of any size and composition within the study region. As a result, used in concert with previously published demographic estimates, our population estimates allowed for predictions of the population under 5 in ten administrative wards that fit strongly with reference data collected during polio vaccination campaigns.« less

Smoking habits and nicotine dependence of North Korean male defectors.

PubMed

Kim, Sei Won; Lee, Jong Min; Ban, Woo Ho; Park, Chan Kwon; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu; Lee, Sang Haak

2016-07-01

The smoking rates and patterns in the North Korean population are not well known. More than 20,000 North Korean defectors have settled in South Korea; thus, we can estimate the current North Korean smoking situation using this group. All North Korean defectors spend their first 3 months in a South Korean facility learning to adapt to their new home. We retrospectively analyzed the results from a questionnaire conducted among North Korean male defectors in this facility from August 2012 to February 2014. Of 272 men, 84.2% were current smokers, 12.5% were ex-smokers, and 3.3% were non-smokers. The mean age of this group was 35.9 ± 11.3 years, and smoking initiation occurred at a mean age of 18.2 ± 4.7 years. Among the subjects, 78.1% had a family member who smoked. Of the 221 current smokers, 67.4% responded that they intended to quit smoking. Fagerström test and Kano test for social nicotine dependence (KTSND) results for current smokers were 3.35 ± 2.26 and 13.76 ± 4.87, respectively. Question 9 on the KTSND (doctors exaggerate the ill effects of smoking) earned a significantly higher score relative to the other questions and a significantly higher score in current smokers compared with non-smokers. The smoking rate in North Korean male defectors was higher than that indicated previously. However, interest in smoking cessation was high and nicotine dependence was less severe than expected. Further investigation is needed to identify an efficient method for North Korean smokers to stop smoking.

Primary and secondary structural analyses of glutathione S-transferase pi from human placenta.

PubMed

Ahmad, H; Wilson, D E; Fritz, R R; Singh, S V; Medh, R D; Nagle, G T; Awasthi, Y C; Kurosky, A

1990-05-01

The primary structure of glutathione S-transferase (GST) pi from a single human placenta was determined. The structure was established by chemical characterization of tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides as well as automated sequence analysis of the intact enzyme. The structural analysis indicated that the protein is comprised of 209 amino acid residues and gave no evidence of post-translational modifications. The amino acid sequence differed from that of the deduced amino acid sequence determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA clone (Kano, T., Sakai, M., and Muramatsu, M., 1987, Cancer Res. 47, 5626-5630) at position 104 which contained both valine and isoleucine whereas the deduced sequence from nucleotide sequence analysis identified only isoleucine at this position. These results demonstrated that in the one individual placenta studied at least two GST pi genes are coexpressed, probably as a result of allelomorphism. Computer assisted consensus sequence evaluation identified a hydrophobic region in GST pi (residues 155-181) that was predicted to be either a buried transmembrane helical region or a signal sequence region. The significance of this hydrophobic region was interpreted in relation to the mode of action of the enzyme especially in regard to the potential involvement of a histidine in the active site mechanism. A comparison of the chemical similarity of five known human GST complete enzyme structures, one of pi, one of mu, two of alpha, and one microsomal, gave evidence that all five enzymes have evolved by a divergent evolutionary process after gene duplication, with the microsomal enzyme representing the most divergent form.

Census-independent population mapping in northern Nigeria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weber, Eric M.; Seaman, Vincent Y.; Stewart, Robert N.

Although remote sensing has long been used to aid in the estimation of population, it has usually been in the context of spatial disaggregation of national census data, with the census counts serving both as observational data for specifying models and as constraints on model outputs. Here we present a framework for estimating populations from the bottom up, entirely independently of national census data, a critical need in areas without recent and reliable census data. To make observations of population density, we replace national census data with a microcensus, in which we enumerate population for a sample of small areasmore » within the states of Kano and Kaduna in northern Nigeria. Using supervised texture-based classifiers with very high resolution satellite imagery, we produce a binary map of human settlement at 8-meter resolution across the two states and then a more refined classification consisting of 7 residential types and 1 non-residential type. Using the residential types and a model linking them to the population density observations, we produce population estimates across the two states in a gridded raster format, at approximately 90-meter resolution. We also demonstrate a simulation framework for capturing uncertainty and presenting estimates as prediction intervals for any region of interest of any size and composition within the study region. As a result, used in concert with previously published demographic estimates, our population estimates allowed for predictions of the population under 5 in ten administrative wards that fit strongly with reference data collected during polio vaccination campaigns.« less

Determination of Magnitude and Location of Earthquakes With Only Five Seconds of a Three Component Broadband Sensor Signal Located Near Bogota, Colombia Using Support Vector Machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ochoa Gutierrez, L. H.; Vargas Jiménez, C. A.; Niño Vasquez, L. F., Sr.

2017-12-01

Early warning generation for earthquakes that occur near the city of Bogotá-Colombia is extremely important. Using the information of a broadband and three component station, property of the Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC), called El Rosal, which is located very near the city, we developed a model based on support vector machines techniques (SVM), with a standardized polynomial kernel, using as descriptors or input data, seismic signal features, complemented by the hipocentral parameters calculated for each one of the reported events. The model was trained and evaluated by cross correlation and was used to predict, with only five seconds of signal, the magnitude and location of a seismic event. With the proposed model we calculated local magnitude with an accuracy of 0.19 units of magnitude, epicentral distance with an accuracy of about 11 k, depth with a precision of approximately 40 km and the azimuth of arrival with a precision of 45°. This research made a significant contribution for early warning generation for the country, in particular for the city of Bogotá. These models will be implemented in the future in the "Red Sismológica de la Sabana de Bogotá y sus Alrededores (RSSB)" which belongs to the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

³Cat-3/MOTS Nanosatellite Mission for Optical Multispectral and GNSS-R Earth Observation: Concept and Analysis.

PubMed

Castellví, Jordi; Camps, Adriano; Corbera, Jordi; Alamús, Ramon

2018-01-06

The ³Cat-3/MOTS (3: Cube, Cat: Catalunya, 3: 3rd CubeSat mission/Missió Observació Terra Satèl·lit) mission is a joint initiative between the Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (UPC) to foster innovative Earth Observation (EO) techniques based on data fusion of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) and optical payloads. It is based on a 6U CubeSat platform, roughly a 10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm parallelepiped. Since 2012, there has been a fast growing trend to use small satellites, especially nanosatellites, and in particular those following the CubeSat form factor. Small satellites possess intrinsic advantages over larger platforms in terms of cost, flexibility, and scalability, and may also enable constellations, trains, federations, or fractionated satellites or payloads based on a large number of individual satellites at an affordable cost. This work summarizes the mission analysis of ³Cat-3/MOTS, including its payload results, power budget (PB), thermal budget (TB), and data budget (DB). This mission analysis is addressed to transform EO data into territorial climate variables (soil moisture and land cover change) at the best possible achievable spatio-temporal resolution.

Responsibilities of the active participation of geoscientists in public funded projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Correia, Victor; Fernandez, Isabel

2016-04-01

The European Federation of Geologists (EFG) is based in 24 European countries and represents over 50,000 geoscientists in Europe, working in organisations dealing with many of the critical societal challenges that came with fast population growing: soils fertility; fresh water; energy; and raw materials supply. This calls for the concerted contribution of networks of geoscientists to frame and answer the global challenges we are facing. In Europe, the Research and Innovation funding program Horizon 2020 provided a unique opportunity for EFG to play an active role in this context, and this justifies the direct involvement of EFG in several funded projects, ranging from international cooperation on raw materials supply to groundwater research or combined heat, power and metal extraction from ultra-deep ore bodies. But an active participation of a not for profit organization of geoscientists in such public funded projects brings responsibilities and reputational risks. The authors will describe how EFG is taking these responsibilities and facing the correspondent risks, through the involvement of certified professionals. The authors will highlight why EFG is keen in promoting the EurGeol professional title, ensuring title holders are skilled and competent to deliver high quality services within the practice of geology, framed by a Code of Ethics and a commitment towards continuing professional development.

Petrogenesis of selected A-type granitic intrusions from Central Eastern Desert of Egypt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, Tharwat; Asran, Asran; Amron, Taha; Hauzenberger, Christoph

2014-05-01

The Pan-African orogeny in the Arabian-Nubian Shield was terminated by intrusion of A-type granites (~ 595 Ma; Greenberg, 1981) and its volcanic equivalents. Subsequent to the intrusions of these granitic bodies the shield was exhumed. Eroded A-type granite pebbles were found in the molasse sediments that were deposited in intermountain basins. Therefore the A-type granites provide information about the last stage of the Pan-African geochemical system. Preliminary whole-rock geochemical data of three granitic intrusions (Kadabora, Um Naggat and El shiekh Salem) from the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt; indicate that all of them are peraluminous and with A-type characteristics. These intrusions show low CaO content (average 0.43 %wt), high FeOT/MgO ratio (10.46-121.88), high Na2O+K2O (average 8.04 %wt), marked enrichment of high field strength elements (Y, Nb and Ga except Zr), depletion in MgO (0.01-0.11 %wt) and with low concentration of Sr and Ba. The studied granitoids were emplaced in within plate tectonic regime. References: Greenberg, J.K. (1981): Characteristic and origin of Egyptian younger granites. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Part 1, v.92: 224-232.

Gas bubbles in marine mud-How small are they?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reed, Allen H.; Briggs, Kevin B.

2003-10-01

Free gas in marine mud poses a challenging problem in the realm of ocean acoustics as it readily attenuates (i.e., scatters or absorbs) energy, such that objects lying below the gassy sediment are acoustically masked. Gas-laden sediments were located in 10- to 120-m water depth adjacent to the South Pass of the Mississippi River in East Bay using a 12-kHz transducer and the Acoustic Sediment Classification System. Several cores were collected in this region for physical property measurements. Some of the cores were x-rayed on medical and industrial computed tomography (CT) scanners. Volumetric CT images were used to locate gas bubbles, determine shapes and sizes to within the limits of the CT resolution. Free gas in the East Bay sediments was relegated to worm tubes as well as isolated pockets as was the case in Eckernförde Bay sediments [Abegg and Anderson, Mar. Geol. 137, 137-147 (1997)]. The primary significance of the present work is that gas bubbles have been determined to exist in the tens of μm size range, which is significantly smaller than the smallest bubbles that were previously resolved with medical CT (~440 μm) with NRL's HD-500 micro-CT System. [Work supported by ONR and NRL.

3Cat-3/MOTS Nanosatellite Mission for Optical Multispectral and GNSS-R Earth Observation: Concept and Analysis

PubMed Central

Castellví, Jordi; Corbera, Jordi; Alamús, Ramon

2018-01-01

The 3Cat-3/MOTS (3: Cube, Cat: Catalunya, 3: 3rd CubeSat mission/Missió Observació Terra Satèl·lit) mission is a joint initiative between the Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (UPC) to foster innovative Earth Observation (EO) techniques based on data fusion of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) and optical payloads. It is based on a 6U CubeSat platform, roughly a 10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm parallelepiped. Since 2012, there has been a fast growing trend to use small satellites, especially nanosatellites, and in particular those following the CubeSat form factor. Small satellites possess intrinsic advantages over larger platforms in terms of cost, flexibility, and scalability, and may also enable constellations, trains, federations, or fractionated satellites or payloads based on a large number of individual satellites at an affordable cost. This work summarizes the mission analysis of 3Cat-3/MOTS, including its payload results, power budget (PB), thermal budget (TB), and data budget (DB). This mission analysis is addressed to transform EO data into territorial climate variables (soil moisture and land cover change) at the best possible achievable spatio-temporal resolution. PMID:29316649

Simulation of multistatic and backscattering cross sections for airborne radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biggs, Albert W.

1986-07-01

In order to determine susceptibilities of airborne radar to electronic countermeasures and electronic counter-countermeasures simulations of multistatic and backscattering cross sections were developed as digital modules in the form of algorithms. Cross section algorithms are described for prolate (cigar shape) and oblate (disk shape) spheroids. Backscattering cross section algorithms are also described for different categories of terrain. Backscattering cross section computer programs were written for terrain categorized as vegetation, sea ice, glacial ice, geological (rocks, sand, hills, etc.), oceans, man-made structures, and water bodies. PROGRAM SIGTERRA is a file for backscattering cross section modules of terrain (TERRA) such as vegetation (AGCROP), oceans (OCEAN), Arctic sea ice (SEAICE), glacial snow (GLASNO), geological structures (GEOL), man-made structures (MAMMAD), or water bodies (WATER). AGCROP describes agricultural crops, trees or forests, prairies or grassland, and shrubs or bush cover. OCEAN has the SLAR or SAR looking downwind, upwind, and crosswind at the ocean surface. SEAICE looks at winter ice and old or polar ice. GLASNO is divided into a glacial ice and snow or snowfields. MANMAD includes buildings, houses, roads, railroad tracks, airfields and hangars, telephone and power lines, barges, trucks, trains, and automobiles. WATER has lakes, rivers, canals, and swamps. PROGRAM SIGAIR is a similar file for airborne targets such as prolate and oblate spheroids.

The Baroque monuments of Modica (Eastern Sicily): assessment of causes of chromatic alteration of stone building materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belfiore, Cristina M.; La Russa, Mauro F.; Pezzino, Antonino; Campani, Elisa; Casoli, Antonella

2010-09-01

The Baroque monuments of several cities in eastern Sicily, built of local calcarenitic stone, are often subjected to conservation treatments, since they undergo many forms of alteration and degradation which can cause significant damage. However, a recent study of these building materials (Barone et al. in Environ. Geol. 54:1501, 2008) has demonstrated that some protective products, once applied, cause irreversible chromatic alterations. The façades of the monuments of the historic city centre of Modica are typically creamy yellow in colour, sometimes varying slightly due to the use of various pigments, such as clayey and gypseous earths (La Russa et al. in Appl. Phys. A 92:185, 2008). However, in some cases, these nuances are lost due to the application of protective products. This work provides a petrographic and colorimetric characterisation of the calcarenitic stone used to create the façades of the churches of S. Pietro, S. Maria del Soccorso and S. Maria dell’Annunziata in Modica, also by comparisons with locally quarried samples. In addition, it aims to identify protective substances which may have been used during previous restoration work. Analytical techniques included polarising optical microscopy, spectrophotometric colorimetric tests, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

A spatio-temporal landslide inventory for the NW of Spain: BAPA database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valenzuela, Pablo; Domínguez-Cuesta, María José; Mora García, Manuel Antonio; Jiménez-Sánchez, Montserrat

2017-09-01

A landslide database has been created for the Principality of Asturias, NW Spain: the BAPA (Base de datos de Argayos del Principado de Asturias - Principality of Asturias Landslide Database). Data collection is mainly performed through searching local newspaper archives. Moreover, a BAPA App and a BAPA website (http://geol.uniovi.es/BAPA) have been developed to obtain additional information from citizens and institutions. Presently, the dataset covers the period 1980-2015, recording 2063 individual landslides. The use of free cartographic servers, such as Google Maps, Google Street View and Iberpix (Government of Spain), combined with the spatial descriptions and pictures contained in the press news, makes it possible to assess different levels of spatial accuracy. In the database, 59% of the records show an exact spatial location, and 51% of the records provided accurate dates, showing the usefulness of press archives as temporal records. Thus, 32% of the landslides show the highest spatial and temporal accuracy levels. The database also gathers information about the type and characteristics of the landslides, the triggering factors and the damage and costs caused. Field work was conducted to validate the methodology used in assessing the spatial location, temporal occurrence and characteristics of the landslides.

Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms.

PubMed

Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain

2014-09-30

In 1879, Charles Darwin characterized the sudden and unexplained rise of angiosperms during the Cretaceous as an "abominable mystery." The diversification of this clade marked the beginning of a rapid transition among Mesozoic ecosystems and floras formerly dominated by ferns, conifers, and cycads. Although the role of environmental factors has been suggested [Coiffard C, Gómez B (2012) Geol Acta 10(2):181-188], Cretaceous global climate change has barely been considered as a contributor to angiosperm radiation, and focus was put on biotic factors to explain this transition. Here we use a fully coupled climate model driven by Mesozoic paleogeographic maps to quantify and discuss the impact of continental drift on angiosperm expansion and diversification. We show that the decrease of desertic belts between the Triassic and the Cretaceous and the subsequent onset of long-lasting humid conditions during the Late Cretaceous were driven by the breakup of Pangea and were contemporaneous with the first rise of angiosperm diversification. Positioning angiosperm-bearing fossil sites on our paleobioclimatic maps shows a strong match between the location of fossil-rich outcrops and temperate humid zones, indicating that climate change from arid to temperate dominance may have set the stage for the ecological expansion of flowering plants.

Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms

PubMed Central

Chaboureau, Anne-Claire; Sepulchre, Pierre; Donnadieu, Yannick; Franc, Alain

2014-01-01

In 1879, Charles Darwin characterized the sudden and unexplained rise of angiosperms during the Cretaceous as an “abominable mystery.” The diversification of this clade marked the beginning of a rapid transition among Mesozoic ecosystems and floras formerly dominated by ferns, conifers, and cycads. Although the role of environmental factors has been suggested [Coiffard C, Gómez B (2012) Geol Acta 10(2):181–188], Cretaceous global climate change has barely been considered as a contributor to angiosperm radiation, and focus was put on biotic factors to explain this transition. Here we use a fully coupled climate model driven by Mesozoic paleogeographic maps to quantify and discuss the impact of continental drift on angiosperm expansion and diversification. We show that the decrease of desertic belts between the Triassic and the Cretaceous and the subsequent onset of long-lasting humid conditions during the Late Cretaceous were driven by the breakup of Pangea and were contemporaneous with the first rise of angiosperm diversification. Positioning angiosperm-bearing fossil sites on our paleobioclimatic maps shows a strong match between the location of fossil-rich outcrops and temperate humid zones, indicating that climate change from arid to temperate dominance may have set the stage for the ecological expansion of flowering plants. PMID:25225405

Termochemical Models For Slags and Silicate Melts, Review and Perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ottonello, G.

R.O. (1983) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 84, 107-145. [3] Papale P. (1997) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 237-251. [4] Papale P. (1999) Amer. Mineral., 84, 477-492. [5] Nuccio P.M. and Paonita A. (2999) Earth Planet. Sci. Letters., 183, 499-512. [6] Berman R.G. and Brown T.H. (1984) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 661-678. [7] Lin P.L. and Pelton A.D. (1979) Metall. Trans. B., 10B, 667-675. [8] Pelton A.D. and Blander M. (1986) Metall. Trans. B., 17B, 805-15. [9] Kapoor M.L., Mehrotre G.M. and Frohberg M.G. (1975) Proc. Aust. Inst. Mining Metall., 254, 11. [10] Kapoor M.L., Frohberg G.M. (1971) Proc. Symp. "Chemical Metallurgy of Iron and Steel" Sheffield. [11] Taylor J.R. and Dinsdale A.T. (1990] CALPHAD, 14, 71-88. [12] Sastri P. and Lahiri A.K. (1986) Metall. Trans. B., 17B, 105-110. [13] Bjorkman B. (1985) CALPHAD, 9, 271-282. [14] Hastie J.W., Horton W.S., Plante E.R. and Bonnell D.W. (1982) High Temp. High Press., 14, 669-679. [15] Goel R.P., Kellogg H.H. and Larrain J.M. (1980) Metall. Trans. B., 11B, 107-117. [16] Hillert M., Sundman B. and Wang X. (1990) Metall. Trans. B., 21B, 303-12. [17] Hoch M. and Arpshofen I. (1984) Zeits. fur Metallkde., 75, 23-29. [18] Masson C.R. (1965) Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A287, 201-221. [19] Masson C.R. (1968) J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 51, 134-143. [20] Masson C.R. (1972) Jour. Iron Steel Inst., 210, 89-96. [21] Toop G.W. and Samis C.S. (1962) Can. Met. Quart., 1, 129-52. [22] Toop G.W. and Samis C.S. (1962) Trans. AIME, 224, 878-87. [23] Ottonello G., Moretti R., Marini L. and Vetuschi Zuccolini M. (2000) Chem. Geol., 174, 157-179. [24] Ottonello G. (2001) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 282, 72-85. [25] Moretti R. and Ottonello G. (2002) , Metall. Trans. (submitted).

Tectonic-erosion coupling? The erosional response to India-Asia collision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Najman, Y.; Henderson, A.; Jenks, D.; Parrish, R.; Horstwood, M.; Foster, G. L.; Green, O.

2009-04-01

-derived detritus may lie beneath the overthrust fold-thrust belt. A third possibility is that the time gap does in fact represent a true delayed response to erosion after collision. This idea is consistent with the evidence of a transition from slow to exponentially increasing accumulation rates in offshore basins adjacent to the Himalaya around the start of the Oligocene. A 10 million year delayed response to erosion following India-Asia collision has been ascribed to either climatic causes or subdued topography in the early stages of collision, the result of a number of proposed mechanisms [16-18]. Given the bedrock evidence for metamorphism in the Himalaya that requires early crustal thickening [19, 20], we would favour those models that allow early crustal thickening, but retard erosion or uplift, if indeed early erosion was negligible. Such a study illustrates how the detrital record can inform and constrain models of crustal deformation, but also serves to show how incomplete our understanding of the principles of tectonic-erosion coupling currently stand. 1. Hodges, K.V.. GSA Bull, 2000. 112 p. 324-350. 2. Henderson, A., et al., (abstr). EGU 2009; this conference.. 3. Wu, F.Y., et al Tectonics, 2007. 26. 4. Najman, Y., et al., Nature, 2001. 410(6825): p. 194-197. 5. Clift, P.D., et al., GSA Bull, 2001. 113: p. 1039-1051. 6. Qayyum, M., et al. GSA Bull, 2001. 113: p. 320-332. 7. Najman, Y., et al., EPSL, 2008. 273: p. 1-14. 8. Curray, J.R. et al. Marine & Petrol. Geol., 2003. 19: p. 1191-1223. 9. Curray, J.R., J. Asian Earth Sci., 2005. 25: p. 187-232. 10. Curray, J.R., et al., AAPG Memoir, J.. Watkins, Ed.. 1979. p. 189-198. 11. Allen, R., et al., GSA Spec. Pap, A. Draut & P.D. Clift, Eds. 2008. p. 223-255. 12. Allen, R., et al., J. Geol. Soc. London, 2008. 165: p. 1045-1057. 13. Aitchison, J.C., J.R. Ali, and A.M. Davis, J. Geophys. Res., 2007. 112: p. B05423. 14. Critelli, S. & E. Garzanti, Sed. Geol, 1994. 89: p. 265-284. 15. Jenks, D., et al., (abstr.). EGU 2009; this

Raman spectroscopy of detrital garnet from the (U)HP terrane of eastern Papua New Guinea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andò, Sergio; Baldwin, Suzanne L.; Fitzgerald, Paul G.; Malusà, Marco G.; Aliatis, Irene; Vezzoli, Giovanni; Garzanti, Eduardo

2013-04-01

adjacent to orogenic systems, Raman-assisted heavy-mineral studies allow us to detect the first arrival of eclogitic garnet, and thus to assess the minimum age of exhumation and final unroofing of high-pressure rocks (Malusà et al., 2011; Malusà and Garzanti, 2012). However, in the (U)HP terrane of southeastern Papua New Guinea, sediments derived from the actively exhuming D'Entrecasteaux Island core complexes are still being deposited offshore, are rarely preserved sub-aerially, and as such stratigraphic constraints are limited. Raman analysis of detrital garnets from placer sand thus provides invaluable constraints to compare with mineral assemblages preserved in exhumed eclogites. REFERENCES Andò S., Bersani D., Vignola P., Garzanti E. 2009. Raman spectroscopy as an effective tool for high-resolution heavy-mineral analysis: Examples from major Himalayan and Alpine fluvio-deltaic systems. Spectrochim. Acta A73:450-455. Andò S., Morton A., Garzanti E. 2013. Metamorphic grade of source rocks revealed by chemical fingerprints of detrital amphibole and garnet. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. Sediment Provenance Studies in Hydrocarbon Exploration & Production. Baldwin S.L., Monteleone B., Webb L.E., Fitzgerald P.G., Grove M., Hill E.J. 2004. Pliocene eclogite exhumation at plate tectonic rates in eastern Papua New Guinea. Nature 431:263-267. Baldwin S.L., Webb L.E., Monteleone B.D. 2008. Late Miocene coesite-eclogite exhumed in the Woodlark Rift. Geology 36:735-738 Bersani D., Andò S., Vignola P., Moltifiori G., Marino I.G., Lottici P.P., Diella V., 2009. Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a routine tool for garnet analysis. Spectrochim. Acta A73:484-491. Hill E.J., Baldwin S.L. 1993. Exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks during crustal extension in the D'Entrecasteaux region, Papua New Guinea. J. Metam. Geol. 11:261-277. Malusà M.G., Faccenna C., Garzanti E., Polino R. 2011. Divergence in subduction zones and exhumation of high-pressure rocks (Eocene Western Alps

Esker-based computation of glacial load and new insights into glacio-fluvial depositional settings in southern Argyre Planitia, Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernhardt, Hannes; Hiesinger, Harald; Reiss, Dennis; Ivanov, Mikhail; Erkeling, Gino

2013-04-01

:10.1029/2008JE003244. [4] A. Pacifici and M. Pondrelli (2010) Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Mars Sed. and Strat., 50, 6043. [5] D. Scott and K. Tanaka (1986) USGS, I-1802-A. [6] R. Shreve (1985) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 27-37. [7] R. Shreve (1985), Quaternary Research, 23, 27-37. [8] T. Brennand (2000) Geomorphology, 32, 263-293. [9] T. Gustavson and J. Boothroyd (1987) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 99, 187-200. [10] W. Shilts et al. (1987). Geol. Soc. Am., Cent. Spec. 2, 119-161.

Évolution nycthémérale des composantes biochimiques du phytoplancton de la retenue du barrage Idriss premier (Fès, Maroc)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahhou, J.; Alaoui Mhamdi, M.

1999-03-01

, le rapport protéines/glucides (P/G), reconnu comme un bon indicateur de l'état physiologique des algues, présente des valeurs plus élevées la nuit que le jour au niveau du fond du lac. Ce résultat suggère que le phytoplancton utilise les produits de réserve synthétisés le jour pour assurer le fonctionnement métabolique des cellules. De plus, les valeurs de ce rapport sont relativement élevées par rapport à celle enregistrées dans les régions tempérés et semblent être liées aux ressources azotées du milieu en particulier les apports de l'Oued Inaouène.

In Situ Local Fracture Flow Measurement by the Double Packer Dilution Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Englert, A.; Le Borgne, T.; Bour, O.; Klepikova, M.; Lavenant, N.

2011-12-01

a double packer dilution system. We performed a pumping test in the adjacent well. Different flow rates were estimated from the dilution curves for the different pumping rates in the adjacent well, showing a linear response. The obtained fracture flow rates provide important information on the flow geometry and connectivity between the two wells. Future joint interpretation of flow measurements, hydraulic head and tracer test data is expected to provide detailed insights in the flow and transport processes at the Ploemeur site. Drost, W., Klotz, D., Koch, A., Moser, H., Neumaier, F., Rauert, W.: Point dilution methods of investigating ground water flow by means of radioisotopes, Water. Resour. Res., 4(1), 1968. Novakowski, K., Bickerton, G., Lapcevic, P., Voralek, J., Ross, N.: Measurements of groundwater velocity in discrete rock fractures: Jour. Cont. Hydr., 82(1-2), 2006. Brouyere, S., Batlle-Aguilar, J., Goderniaux, P., Dassargues, A.: A new tracer technique for monitoring groundwater fluxes: The Finite Volume Point Dilution Method, Jour. Cont. Hydr., 95(3-4), 121-140, 2008.

U-Pb ID-TIMS zircon ages of TTG gneisses of the Aravalli Craton of India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chauhan, Hiredya; Saikia, Ashima; Kaulina, Tatiana; Bayanova, Tamara; Ahmad, Talat

2015-04-01

zircon types from UD-16 sample yield a U-Pb discordant age of 2680±30 Ma. Two zircon fractions from UD-17 sample show discordant 207Pb/206Pb ages of 2506 and 2577 Ma. Zircons in our samples have moderate to high U contents (180-770 ppm) with low Th/U ratios (0.2-0.5) in the sample UD-16, characteristic for magmatic zircons from TTG rocks. Thus the obtained age of 2680±30 Ma is interpreted as an age of magmatic crystallization of tonalites. Gopalan, K. et al., (1990): Precambrian Res., 48, 287-297. Ludwig, K.R. (1991): PBDAT program. US. Geol. Surv. Open-file report 88-542, 38 p. Ludwig, K. R. (2008): Isoplot/Ex, version 3.6, Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication no. 4. Upadhyaya, R. et al., (1992): Current Sci., 62(2): 87-92. Wiedenbeck, M. et al., (1996): Chem Geol. 129: 325-340.

Investigation of watercourses by comparison of successive historical map surveys of Western Hungary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovács, Gábor

2010-05-01

newly regulated sections are recognized as well as forced and free meandering ones. Thus, the neotectonic evaluation of the study area can be made more accurate. References - Biszak, S., Timár, G., Molnár, G., Jankó, A. (2007): Digitized maps of the Habsburg Empire - The third military survey, Ungarn, Siebenbürgen, Kroatien-Slawonien, 1867-1887, 1:25000. Arcanum, Budapest, DVD-issue. - Kovács, G. (2010): The advantages of using the Second Military Survey maps in fluvial studies. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 45(1): 64-70. - Ouchi, S. (1985): Response of alluvial rivers to slow active tectonic movement. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 96: 504-515. - Schumm, S. A., Khan, H. R. (1972): Experimental study of channel patterns. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83: 1755-1770. - Timár, G., Molnár, G., Székely, B., Biszak, S., Varga, J., Jankó, A. (2006): Digitized maps of the Habsburg Empire - The map sheets of the second military survey and their georeferenced version. Arcanum, Budapest, 59 p.

Isotopic chemical weathering behaviour of Pb derived from a high-Alpine Holocene lake-sediment record

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutjahr, Marcus; Süfke, Finn; Gilli, Adrian; Anselmetti, Flavio; Glur, Lukas; Eisenhauer, Anton

2017-04-01

. In contrast, adsorbed Th and U concentrations (given in concentrations of ng/g of sediment) are indeed significantly elevated during the earliest part of the record, while other adsorbed metals such as Al and Ti display highest adsorbed concentrations during the mid-Holocene. Elements such as Nd display fairly constant normalised concentrations throughout the record. Hence, while our Pb isotopic record appears remarkably insensitive towards climatic perturbations seen during the Holocene, the various elemental records display a striking sensititivity towards the overall climate evolution of the Holocene. Finally, the rise and fall of the Roman Empire as well as the onset of the industrial revolution are clearly resolvable in our Pb isotopic records. References [1] Harlavan, Y. Y. et al. (1998), GCA 62, 33-46; [2] Gutjahr, M. et al. (2009), EPSL 286, 546-555; [3] Kurweil, F. et al. (2010), EPSL 299, 458-465; [4] Crocket, K.C. et al. (2012) QSR 38, 89-99; [5] Gutjahr et al. (2007) Chem. Geol. 242, 351-370; [6] Blaser, P. et al. (2016) Chem. Geol. 439, 189-204.

Investigating Alpine fissure rutilated quartz to constrain timing and conditions of post-metamorphic hydrothermal fluid flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shulaker, D. Z.; Schmitt, A. K.; Zack, T.; Bindeman, I. N.

2013-12-01

-metamorphic hydrothermal fluid flow and mineralization. Discrepancies in thermometers are attributed to differences between experimental calibrations of isotopic and trace element thermometers, and the conditions of post-metamorphic hydrothermal fluid flow. Only rutile-quartz oxygen isotope exchange [3] has been calibrated close to natural T conditions for rutilated quartz (500°C). This may help to extend the applicability of the Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-rutile to T below experimental calibrations (>600°C; [4] and >700°C; [5], resp.). [1] Janots et al., 2012, Chem. Geol., 326-327, 61-71 [2] Mullis, 1996, Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 76, 159-164 [3] Matthews, 1994, J. Met. Geol., 12, 211-219 [4] Thomas et al., 2010, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 160, 743-759 [5] Ferry and Watson, 2007, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 154, 429-437

Constraining cooling rates of UHP metamorphic rocks with closure temperature geospeedometry: a case study from the Dabie orogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lloyd, M. K.; Shimizu, N.; Wang, Z.; Zheng, Y.

2011-12-01

with the Cherniak et al. (2007) diffusion rates for Zr in rutile to the core of each grain, we derived a maximum possible cooling rate to allow for complete peak temperature memory loss: i.e., since the largest grain requires most diffusion to reset, we are able to limit the maximum possible cooling rate for all grains in the sample to 5.4 ± 15.6 °C/my. This value is comparable to estimates for the Central Dabie mid-T/UHP eclogite (e.g., Li et al., 2000). Li XP et al. (2004) CMP, 148, 443-470. Shi & Wang (2006) J. Met. Geol., 24, 803-822. Luvizotto et al. (2009) Chem. Geol., 3-4, 346-369. Ferry & Watson (2007) CMP, 154, 429-437. Dodson (1973) CMP, 40, 259-274. Cherniak et al. (2007) EPSL, 261, 267-279. Li SG et al. (2000) GCA, 64, 1077-1093.

The influence of buried nodules on the mobility of metals in deep sea sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heller, Christina; Kuhn, Thomas

2017-04-01

Hydrothermal fluids can extract significant amounts of heat from oceanic lithosphere by lateral fluid flow through permeable basaltic crust of an age of up to 65 Ma. Fluid recharge and discharge occur at basement outcrops in between impermeable pelagic deep sea sediments. Recharge of oxic seawater causes upward oxygen diffusion into sediments overlying the permeable basalt in areas proximal to recharge sites. It is suggested that this oxygen has a strong impact on sediments and Mn-nodules during fluid exposure time. The aim of this study is to investigate if/how fluid flow through oceanic crust influence the distribution and element budget of Mn-nodules. Nodules occur widespread at the seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the equatorial North Pacific and were analyzed in many studies worldwide. Nodules buried in the deep sea sediments could be found only rarely (von Stackelberg, 1997, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 119: 153-176). High resolution side-scan sonar recordings (unpublished Data BGR Hannover) indicate that there exist a coherent layer of nodules buried in the sediments of the working area. During the expedition SO 240/FLUM nodules were found on the sediment surface in 4200 to 4300 m water depth as well as in the sediment down to 985 cm below seafloor. In general, nodules consist of different nm- to µm-thick, dense and porous layers. The geochemical composition of bulk nodules and single nodule layers were determined by XRF, ICP-MS/OES, XRD and by high resolution analyses with electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS. Dense layers have low Mn/Fe ratios (<4) and high concentrations of Co, Zr and REY, while porous layers are characterized by high Mn/Fe ratios (> 10) and high Ni+Cu and Li concentrations. The different compositions depend on different formation processes of the layers. They were formed by metal precipitation from oxic (hydrogenetic) and suboxic (diagenetic) bottom-near seawater and/or pore water (Wegorzewski and Kuhn, 2014, Mar. Geol. 357, 123

Magma-poor and magma-rich segments along the hyperextended, pre-Caledonian passive margin of Baltica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andersen, Torgeir B.; Alsaif, Manar; Corfu, Fernando; Jakob, Johannes; Planke, Sverre; Tegner, Christian

2015-04-01

the pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica underwent hyperextension until break-up, which was associated with emplacement of a LIP at ~600 Ma in the central segment. Andersen, T.B., Labrousse, L., Corfu, F. and Osmundsen, P.T., 2012: Evidence for hyperextension along the pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica. Jl. Geol. Soc. London, 601-612 Baird, G.B., Figg, SA. and Chamberlain, K.R., 2014: Intrusive age and geochemistry of the Kebne Dyke Complex in the Seve Nappe Complex, Kebnekaise Massif, arctic Sweden Caledonides, GFF, doi: 10.1080/11035897.2014.924553 Corfu, F., Andersen, T.B. and Gasser, D., 2014: The Scandinavian Caledonides: main features, conceptual advances and critical questions. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 390 doi:10.1144/SP390.25 Hollocher. K, Robinson, P., Walsh, E. and Terry M.P., 2007:The Neoproterozoic Ottfjellet dike swarm of the Middle Allochthon, traced geochemically into the hinterland, Western Gneiss Region, Norway. Am. Jl. Sci. 307, 901-953 Svenningsen, O., 2001: Onset of seafloor spreading in the Iapetus Ocean at 608Ma: precise age of the Sarek Dyke Swarm, northern Swedish Caledonides. Precambrian Res., 110, 241-254.

Age of the Australasian Tektite Strewn Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izokh, E. P.

1993-07-01

to be the most appropriate process of the tektite formation and launching [7]. The frequent shift of the K-Ar ages relative to the fission-track ages of tektites can be explained by the presence of an extra argon inherited from some older crystalline inclusions foreign to the tektite glass. These inclusions are most common to the Muong Nong-type layered tektites and to flanges of the button-shape australites, and can be considered as an extraterrestrial environmental dust peppering. References: [1] Storzer and Wagner (1980) Meteoritics, 15, 372. [2] Fleischer et al. (1969) EPSL, 7, 51-52. [3] Storzer and Muller-Sonhius (1986) Meteoritics, 21, 518-519. [4] Kashkarov et al. (1986) Meteoritika, 45, 105-170. [5] Izokh (1991) Soviet Geol. and Geophys., 32, 1-10. [6] Tollman and Tollmann (1992) Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges., 84. [7] Izokh and Le duc An (1983) Meteoritika, 42, 158-169.

Progressive softening of brittle-ductile transition due to interplay between chemical and deformation processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeřábek, Petr; Bukovská, Zita; Morales, Luiz F. G.

2017-04-01

documents a competition between shear zone widening and narrowing mechanisms, i.e. distributed and localized deformation, depending on the specific mineral phase and deformation mechanism active in each moment of the shear zone evolution. In addition, our mechanical data point to dynamic evolution of the studied brittle-ductile transition characterized by major weakening to strengths ˜10 MPa. Such non-steady-state evolution may be common in crustal shear zones especially when phase transformations are involved. References: Diamond, L. W., and A. Tarantola (2015), Interpretation of fluid inclusions in quartz deformed by weak ductile shearing: Reconstruction of differential stress magnitudes and pre-deformation fluid properties, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 417, 107-119. Mares, V. M., and A. K. Kronenberg (1993), Experimental deformation of muscovite, J. Struct. Geol., 15(9), 1061-1075. Paterson, M. S., and F. C. Luan (1990), Quartzite rheology under geological conditions, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 54(1), 299-307. Stipp, M., and J. Tullis (2003), The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(21), 1-5.

Percolation and permeability of heterogeneous fracture networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adler, Pierre; Mourzenko, Valeri; Thovert, Jean-François

2013-04-01

for transmissivity are presented. A simple parallel flow model is introduced. The flow properties of the medium vary with the distance z from the wall. However, the macroscopic pressure gradient does not depend on z, and the flow lines are in average parallel to the wall. Hence, the overall transmissivity is tentatively estimated by a parallel flow model, where a layer at depth z behaves as a fractured medium with uniform properties corresponding to the state at this position in the medium. It yields an explicit analytical expression for the transmissivity as a function of the heterogeneity and anisotropy parameters, and it successfully accounts for all the numerical data. Graphical tools are provided from which first estimates can be quickly and easily obtained. A short overview of the second class of heterogeneous media will be given. [1] Barton C.A., Zoback M.D., J. Geophys. Res., 97B, 5181-5200 (1992). [2] Bossart P. et al, Eng. Geol., vol. 66, 19-38 (2002). [3] Thovert J.-F. et al, Eng. Geol., 117, 39-51 (2011). [4] Adler P.M. et al, Fractured porous media, Oxford U. Press, 2012.

Cost-effectiveness assessment in outpatient sinonasal surgery.

PubMed

Mortuaire, G; Theis, D; Fackeure, R; Chevalier, D; Gengler, I

2018-02-01

To assess the cost-effectiveness of outpatient sinonasal surgery in terms of clinical efficacy and control of expenses. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to January 2016. Patients scheduled for outpatient sinonasal surgery were systematically included. Clinical data were extracted from surgical and anesthesiology computer files. The cost accounting methods applied in our institution were used to evaluate logistic and technical costs. The standardized hospital fees rating system based on hospital stay and severity in diagnosis-related groups (Groupes homogènes de séjours: GHS) was used to estimate institutional revenue. Over 2years, 927 outpatient surgical procedures were performed. The crossover rate to conventional hospital admission was 2.9%. In a day-1 telephone interview, 85% of patients were very satisfied with the procedure. All outpatient cases showed significantly lower costs than estimated for conventional management with overnight admission, while hospital revenue did not differ between the two. This study confirmed the efficacy of outpatient surgery in this indication. Lower costs could allow savings for the health system by readjusting the rating for the procedure. More precise assessment of cost-effectiveness will require more fine-grained studies based on micro costing at hospital level and assessment of impact on conventional surgical activity and post-discharge community care. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Lambeaux autofermants pour le traitement des brulures electriques du scalp par haut voltage

PubMed Central

Hafidi, J.; El Mazouz, S.; El Mejatti, H.; Fejjal, N.; Gharib, N.E.; Abbassi, A.; Belmahi, A.M.

2011-01-01

Summary Les brûlures électriques par haut voltage sont responsables de gros dégâts tissulaires en immédiat et dans les jours suivant l’accident du fait de la chaleur importante dégagée par effet joule et de la thrombose microvasculaire évolutive. Les pertes de substances du scalp secondaires à ces brûlures nécessitent une couverture par lambeaux vu la destruction du périoste et du calvarium en regard. De juin 1997 à juin 2008, 15 patients ont été traités pour des pertes de substance du scalp secondaires à des brûlures électriques par haut voltage de diamètre allant de 8 à 11 cm et siégeant dans la région tonsurale. Ces patients ont été opérés dans la première semaine suivant l’accident. Les pertes de substance du scalp de taille moyenne secondaires à ces brûlures peuvent être couvertes per primam de façon fiable par des lambeaux locaux axialisés et multiples. Nous relatons l’expérience du Service de Chirurgie Plastique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn-Sina, Rabat, Maroc, dans la gestion et la prise en charge de ces brûlures. PMID:22262963

L'astronomie des Anciens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nazé, Yaël

2009-04-01

Quelle que soit la civilisation à laquelle il appartient, l'être humain cherche dans le ciel des réponses aux questions qu'il se pose sur son origine, son avenir et sa finalité. Le premier mérite de ce livre est de nous rappeler que l'astronomie a commencé ainsi à travers les mythes célestes imaginés par les Anciens pour expliquer l'ordre du monde et la place qu'ils y occupaient. Mais les savoirs astronomiques passés étaient loin d'être négligeables et certainement pas limités aux seuls travaux des Grecs : c'est ce que l'auteur montre à travers une passionnante enquête, de Stonehenge à Gizeh en passant par Pékin et Mexico, fondée sur l'étude des monuments anciens et des sources écrites encore accessibles. Les tablettes mésopotamiennes, les annales chinoises, les chroniques médiévales, etc. sont en outre d'une singulière utilité pour les astronomes modernes : comment sinon remonter aux variations de la durée du jour au cours des siècles, ou percer la nature de l'explosion qui a frappé tant d'observateurs en 1054 ? Ce livre offre un voyage magnifiquement illustré à travers les âges, entre astronomie et archéologie.

Étude de la perméabilité de la barrière hémato-encéphalique par microdialyse après irradiation photonique monofractionnée chez le rat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agin, A.; Martin, C.; Mauris, J.; Staali, F.; Diserbo, M.

1999-01-01

The effects of total-body irradiation on the permeability of rat striatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) to [ ^3H] aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA) and [ 14C] sucrose were investigated. Seven days, 6 weeks, 3 and 5 months after gamma exposure at the dose of 4.5 Gy, no modification of the permeability to both [ ^3H] AIBA and [ 14C] sucrose was observed. A transient “opening" of the BBB to [ 14C] sucrose was noticed about 28 hours following irradiation. The transport of [3H] AIBA through BBB was decreased between the 33^th and the 47^th post-radiation hour. Nous avons étudié, dans le striatum de rat, les effets d'une irradiation globale aiguë sur la perméabilité de la barrière hémato-encéphalique à l'acide [ ^3H] aminoisobutyrique et au [ 14C] saccharose. Sept jours, 6 semaines, 3 et 5 mois après exposition γ à la dose de 4,5 Gy, aucune altération de la perméabilité aux deux marqueurs n'a été observée. Une “ouverture" transitoire de la BHE au [ 14C] saccharose est notée vers la 28e heure suivant l'irradiation. Le transport du [ ^3H] aminoisobutyrate est diminué entre 33 et 47 heures après irradiation.

Molecular detection of Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma spp. ticks from camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Nigeria, West Africa.

PubMed

Kamani, J; Baneth, G; Apanaskevich, D A; Mumcuoglu, K Y; Harrus, S

2015-06-01

Several species of the spotted fever group rickettsiae have been identified as emerging pathogens throughout the world, including in Africa. In this study, 197 Hyalomma ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) collected from 51 camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kano, northern Nigeria, were screened by amplification and sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA), outer membrane protein A (ompA) and 17-kDa antigen gene fragments. Rickettsia sp. gltA fragments were detected in 43.3% (42/97) of the tick pools tested. Rickettsial ompA gene fragments (189 bp and 630 bp) were detected in 64.3% (n = 27) and 23.8% (n = 10) of the gltA-positive tick pools by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The amplicons were 99-100% identical to Rickettsia aeschlimannii TR/Orkun-H and R. aeschlimannii strain EgyRickHimp-El-Arish in GenBank. Furthermore, 17-kDa antigen gene fragments of 214 bp and 265 bp were detected in 59.5% (n = 25) and 38.1% (n = 16), respectively, of tick pools, and sequences were identical to one another and 99-100% identical to those of the R. aeschlimannii strain Ibadan A1 in GenBank. None of the Hyalomma impressum ticks collected were positive for Rickettsia sp. DNA. Rickettsia sp. gltA fragments (133 bp) were detected in 18.8% of camel blood samples, but all samples were negative for the other genes targeted. This is the first report to describe the molecular detection of R. aeschlimannii in Hyalomma spp. ticks from camels in Nigeria. © 2015 The Royal Entomological Society.

[Establishment of a practical training program in smoking cessation for use by pharmacists using cognitive-behavioral therapy and the motivational interview method].

PubMed

Saito, Moemi; Nodate, Yoshitada; Maruyama, Keiji; Tsuchiya, Masao; Watanabe, Machiko; Niwa, Sin-ichi

2012-01-01

We established a practical training program to nurture pharmacists who can give smoking cessation instructions. The program was provided to 85 interns (45 males and 40 females) in Teikyo University Hospital. The one-day practical training was provided to groups comprised of five members each. The training consisted of studies on the adverse effects of smoking, general outlines of the outpatient smoking cessation service, experiencing Smokerlyzer, studies about smoking-cessation drugs, studies about a smoking cessation therapy using cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, and case studies applying role-playing. Before and after the practical training, we conducted a questionnaire survey consisting of The Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) and the assessment of the smoking status, changes in attitudes to smoking, and willingness and confidence to give smoking cessation instructions. The overall KTSND score significantly dropped from 14.1±4.8 before the training to 8.9±4.8 after the training. The confidence to give smoking cessation instructions significantly increased from 3.4±1.9 to 6.2±1.3. Regarding the correlation between the smoking status and willingness and confidence to give smoking cessation instructions, the willingness and confidence were lower among the group of interns who either smoked or had smoked previously, suggesting that smoking had an adverse effect. A total of 88.2% of the interns answered that their attitudes to smoking had "changed slightly" or "changed" as a result of the training, indicating changes in their attitudes to smoking. Given the above, we believe that our newly-established smoking cessation instruction training is a useful educational tool.

Comparative study on drug safety surveillance between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria.

PubMed

Abubakar, Abdullahi Rabiu; Ismail, Salwani; Rahman, Nor Iza A; Haque, Mainul

2015-01-01

Internationally, there is a remarkable achievement in the areas of drug discovery, drug design, and clinical trials. New and efficient drug formulation techniques are widely available which have led to success in treatment of several diseases. Despite these achievements, large number of patients continue to experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and majority of them are yet to be on record. The purpose of this survey is to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to ADRs and pharmacovigilance (PV) between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria and to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge and practice. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey involving year IV and year V medical students of the Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin and Bayero University Kano was carried out. The questionnaire which comprised 25 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice was adopted, modified, validated, and administered to them. The response was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The response rate from each country was 74%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and practice score on ADRs and PV between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria, both at P<0.000. No significance difference in attitude was observed at P=0.389. Also, a statistically significant relationship was recorded between their knowledge and practice (r=0.229, P=0.001), although the relationship was weak. Nigerian medical students have better knowledge and practice than those of Malaysia, although they need improvement. Imparting knowledge of ADRs and PV among medical students will upgrade their practice and enhance health care delivery services in the future.

Comparative study on drug safety surveillance between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria

PubMed Central

Abubakar, Abdullahi Rabiu; Ismail, Salwani; Rahman, Nor Iza A; Haque, Mainul

2015-01-01

Background Internationally, there is a remarkable achievement in the areas of drug discovery, drug design, and clinical trials. New and efficient drug formulation techniques are widely available which have led to success in treatment of several diseases. Despite these achievements, large number of patients continue to experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and majority of them are yet to be on record. Objectives The purpose of this survey is to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to ADRs and pharmacovigilance (PV) between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria and to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge and practice. Method A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey involving year IV and year V medical students of the Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin and Bayero University Kano was carried out. The questionnaire which comprised 25 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice was adopted, modified, validated, and administered to them. The response was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results The response rate from each country was 74%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and practice score on ADRs and PV between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria, both at P<0.000. No significance difference in attitude was observed at P=0.389. Also, a statistically significant relationship was recorded between their knowledge and practice (r=0.229, P=0.001), although the relationship was weak. Conclusion Nigerian medical students have better knowledge and practice than those of Malaysia, although they need improvement. Imparting knowledge of ADRs and PV among medical students will upgrade their practice and enhance health care delivery services in the future. PMID:26170680

Triple-Layer Plastic Bags Protect Dry Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Against Damage by Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) During Storage.

PubMed

Mutungi, C; Affognon, H D; Njoroge, A W; Manono, J; Baributsa, D; Murdock, L L

2015-10-01

Fumigated dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that were artificially infested with Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, and others that were not artificially infested, were stored in hermetic triple-layer PICS (Lela Agro, Kano, Nigeria) or woven polypropylene (PP) bags for 6 mo at ambient laboratory temperature conditions of 22.6 ± 1.9°C and 60.1 ± 4.3% relative humidity. In an additional trial, beans contained in PP bags were treated with Actellic Super dust before introducing A. obtectus. Moisture content, number of live adult A. obtectus, seed damage, weight loss, and seed germination were determined at monthly intervals. At 6 mo, beans stored in PICS bags retained higher moisture than those stored in PP bags, but in all treatments the moisture level remained below that recommended for safe storage of beans. In the PICS bags, proliferation of A. obtectus did not proceed and at 6 mo, beans stored in these bags did not have insect-inflicted seed damage or weight loss. In contrast, seed damage and weight loss in PP bags exceeded economic threshold after 1 mo in the absence of Actellic Super dust (Syngenta Crop protection AG, Basle, Switzerland), and after 2 mo in the presence of it. Germination of beans stored in PP bags decreased greatly whereas the beans stored in PICS bags did not show reduced germination. Chemical free storage of common beans in PICS bags protects them against damage by A. obtectus. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Consumer attitudes and preferences for fresh market tomatoes.

PubMed

Oltman, A E; Jervis, S M; Drake, M A

2014-10-01

This study established attractive attributes and consumer desires for fresh tomatoes. Three focus groups (n = 28 participants) were conducted to explore how consumers perceived tomatoes, including how they purchased and consumed them. Subsequently, an Adaptive Choice Based Conjoint (ACBC) survey was conducted to understand consumer preferences toward traditional tomatoes. The ACBC survey with Kano questions (n = 1037 consumers in Raleigh, NC) explored the importance of color, firmness, size, skin, texture, interior, seed presence, flavor, and health benefits. The most important tomato attribute was color, then juice when sliced, followed by size, followed by seed presence, which was at parity with firmness. An attractive tomato was red, firm, medium/small sized, crisp, meaty, juicy, flavorful, and with few seeds. Deviations from these features resulted in a tomato that was rejected by consumers. Segmentations of consumers were determined by patterns in utility scores. External attributes were the main drivers of tomato liking, but different groups of tomato consumers exist with distinct preferences for juiciness, firmness, flavor, and health benefits. Conjoint analysis is a research technique that collects a large amount of data from consumers in a format designed to be reflective of a real life market setting and can be combined with qualitative insight from focus groups to gain information on consumer consumption and purchase behaviors. This study established that the most important fresh tomato attributes were color, amount of juice when sliced, and size. Distinct consumer clusters were differentiated by preference for color/appearance, juiciness and firm texture. Tomato growers can utilize the results to target attributes that drive consumer choice for fresh tomatoes. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

Smoking habits and nicotine dependence of North Korean male defectors

PubMed Central

Kim, Sei Won; Lee, Jong Min; Ban, Woo Ho; Park, Chan Kwon; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu; Lee, Sang Haak

2016-01-01

Background/Aims: The smoking rates and patterns in the North Korean population are not well known. More than 20,000 North Korean defectors have settled in South Korea; thus, we can estimate the current North Korean smoking situation using this group. Methods: All North Korean defectors spend their first 3 months in a South Korean facility learning to adapt to their new home. We retrospectively analyzed the results from a questionnaire conducted among North Korean male defectors in this facility from August 2012 to February 2014. Results: Of 272 men, 84.2% were current smokers, 12.5% were ex-smokers, and 3.3% were non-smokers. The mean age of this group was 35.9 ± 11.3 years, and smoking initiation occurred at a mean age of 18.2 ± 4.7 years. Among the subjects, 78.1% had a family member who smoked. Of the 221 current smokers, 67.4% responded that they intended to quit smoking. Fagerström test and Kano test for social nicotine dependence (KTSND) results for current smokers were 3.35 ± 2.26 and 13.76 ± 4.87, respectively. Question 9 on the KTSND (doctors exaggerate the ill effects of smoking) earned a significantly higher score relative to the other questions and a significantly higher score in current smokers compared with non-smokers. Conclusions: The smoking rate in North Korean male defectors was higher than that indicated previously. However, interest in smoking cessation was high and nicotine dependence was less severe than expected. Further investigation is needed to identify an efficient method for North Korean smokers to stop smoking. PMID:26951917

Unique Clones of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor with Haitian Type ctxB Allele Implicated in the Recent Cholera Epidemics from Nigeria, Africa.

PubMed

Adewale, Akinsinde Kehinde; Pazhani, Gururaja Perumal; Abiodun, Iwalokun Bamidele; Afolabi, Oluwadun; Kolawole, Olukoya Daniel; Mukhopadhyay, Asish K; Ramamurthy, Thanadarayan

2016-01-01

The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1, which is responsible for several cholera epidemics in Nigeria, are not reported in detail since 2007. In this study, we screened V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype isolates from cholera cases and water samples from different states to investigate their phenotypic and genetic attributes with special reference to their clonality. All the V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor isolates isolated during 2007-2013 were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, the drugs currently used in the treatment of cholera cases in Nigeria. Emergence of CT genotype 7 (Haitian type of ctxB allele) was predominantly seen among Ogawa serotype and the CT genotype 1 (classical ctxB allele) was mostly found in Inaba serotype. Overall, V. cholerae O1 from clinical and water samples were found to be closely related as determined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. V. cholerae isolates from Abia, Kano and Bauchi were found to be genetically distinct from the other states of Nigeria. Fecal contamination of the water sources may be the possible source of the cholera infection. Combined prevalence of Haitian and classical ctxB alleles were detected in Ogawa and Inaba serotypes, respectively. This study further demonstrated that V. cholerae O1 with the ctxB has been emerged similar to the isolates reported in Haiti. Our findings suggest that the use of fluoroquinolones or tetracycline/doxycycline may help in the effective management of acute cholera in the affected Nigerian states. In addition, strengthening the existing surveillance in the hospitals of all the states and supply of clean drinking water may control cholera outbreaks in the future.

Experience-oriented tobacco-use prevention lecture using a COPD-simulation mask for junior high school students.

PubMed

Iizuka, Makito; Tomita, Kazuhide; Takeshima, Reiko

2015-04-01

We recently developed a mask that simulates the experience of having one of the major diseases caused by tobacco smoking: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here we examined the effects of a tobacco-use prevention lecture accompanied by a pseudo-COPD experience created with this mask on adolescents' attitude toward smoking. Junior high school students (12-13 years old, n=165) in Japan were the subjects. The students attended a 30-min tobacco-use prevention lecture with slides and movie clips and engaged in a light exercise session wearing the COPD-simulation mask for 15min. Before and after the lecture, the students' attitudes toward smoking were evaluated by the Kano test for social nicotine dependence (KTSND). The total KTSND scores decreased significantly from 9.9±4.4 (mean±SD, n=149) to 7.5±5.3 (n=144). Ninety-eight students wore the COPD mask, and their modified Borg scale scores increased significantly from 0.7±1.0 to 3.2±2.1 after exercise (P<0.0001). To the questionnaire item "Do you think you understand the suffering of individuals with COPD?", 24 and 51 students answered "definitely yes" and "yes", whereas 16, 4 and 1 answered "Cannot say," "no" and "definitely no", respectively. The KTSND scores were significantly smaller in the former affirmative group compared to the latter negative group (P<0.05). Of the 98 students who wore the simulation mask, 83 reported being satisfied with this pseudo-COPD experience. The tobacco-use prevention lecture with the pseudo-COPD experience created by the simulation mask was effective and safe. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Perception of infertility and acceptability of assisted reproduction technology in northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Iliyasu, Z; Galadanci, H S; Abubakar, I S; Bashir, F M; Salihu, H M; Aliyu, M H

2013-01-01

Infertility is a stigmatized reproductive morbidity with severe psycho-social consequences, especially in developing countries. There has been little exploration of the public view of infertility and acceptance of assisted reproduction in these countries, including Nigeria. To determine the public perception of infertility, its causes and factors associated with acceptability of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Using interviewer administered questionnaires, a cross-section of 600 adults were interviewed about perceived definition, causes and acceptance of ART. Majority of the respondents (n = 577, 99.3%) perceived infertility as a disease. Only 18.1% (n = 105) of the respondents would consider a couple infertile after one year of marriage. Causes of infertility mentioned by participants included paranormal events (n = 535, 92.1%), suprapubic pain (n = 321, 55.2%), induced abortion (n = 187, 32.2%) and sexually transmitted infections (n = 177, 30.5%). A minority of respondents (n = 161,27.7%) of participants mentioned blocked tubes and 24.6% (n = 143) irregular menstrual cycles. Although 36.1% of respondents were aware of ART; only 7.6% were willing to accept it. Being male [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% CI)] 2.1 (1.55.72), childless [AOR (95% CI)] 2.2 (1.35.95), highly educated [AOR (95% CI)] 3.2 (1.326.72) and non-Muslim [AOR (95% CI)] 2.3 (1.23.76) were significant predictors of acceptance ofART. Infertility was correctly perceived as a disease, but there were misconceptions about its causes. The low acceptance of ART was influenced by socio-demographic factors. There is a need for sustained targeted information, education and communication regarding new reproductive technologies for fertility management.

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Nigeria, January 2012-September 2013.

PubMed

2013-12-13

Transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has never been interrupted in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria, and since 2003, Nigeria has been a reservoir for WPV reintroduction to 25 polio-free countries. In 2012, the Nigerian government activated an emergency operations center and implemented a national emergency action plan to eradicate polio. The 2013 revision of this plan prioritized 1) improving quality of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), 2) implementing strategies to reach underserved populations, 3) adopting special approaches in security-compromised areas, 4) improving outbreak response, 5) enhancing routine immunization and activities implemented between SIAs, and 6) strengthening surveillance. This report summarizes polio eradication activities in Nigeria during January 2012-September 2013 and updates previous reports. During January-September 2013, 49 polio cases were reported from 26 local government areas (LGAs) in nine states in Nigeria, compared with 101 cases reported from 70 LGAs in 13 states during the same period in 2012. For all of 2012, a total of 122 cases were reported. No WPV type 3 (WPV3) cases have been reported since November 2012. For the first time ever, in 2013, no polio cases of any type have been detected in the northwest of Nigeria; however, transmission continues in Kano and states in the northeast. Despite considerable progress, 24 LGAs in 2012 and seven LGAs in 2013 reported two or more cases; WPV continues to circulate in eight LGAs that had cases in 2012. Efforts to interrupt transmission remain impeded by insecurity, anti-polio-vaccine sentiment, and chronically poor SIA implementation in selected areas. Improvement of SIA quality and effective outbreak response will be needed to interrupt WPV transmission in 2014.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Psychosocial Status and Serum Uric Acid in Men with Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Lamina, S; Okoye, GC

2012-01-01

Background: Chronic psychosocial stress and serum uric acid (SUA) level have been implicated in the etiology and cardiovascular events risk factors in hypertension. Studies have reported significant benefit of exercise in the overall management of hypertension. However, studies on the effect of exercise on psychosocial stress and SUA in the management of hypertension seem scanty. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous training program on SUA and psychosocial status of black African (Nigerian) population with hypertension. Subjects and Methods: Age-matched randomized controlled trial was used; subjects with diagnosis of hypertension attending the hypertensive clinic of Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Kano, Nigeria form the population for the study. Two hundred and seventeen subjects with mild to moderate (systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 and180 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 90 and 109 mmHg) essential hypertension were grouped into continuous (112) and control groups (105). The continuous group involved in an 8 weeks continuous training (60%-79% HR max) of between 45 and 60 min, 3 times per week, while the controls group remain sedentary. SBP, DBP, SUA, VO2 max and psychosocial status were assessed. Student t-test and Pearson correlation test were used in data analysis. Results: The study revealed significant beneficial effect of continuous training programs on VO2 max, SBP, DBP, SUA, and psychosocial status (P < 0.05). Psychosocial status and SUA was significantly and positively and negatively correlated respectively with VO2 max at P < 0.01. Conclusions: This study concludes and supports the recommendations of moderate intensity (continuous) training program in blood pressure reduction, SUA and psychosocial stress management in hypertension. PMID:23439606

Identifying Key Attributes for Protein Beverages.

PubMed

Oltman, A E; Lopetcharat, K; Bastian, E; Drake, M A

2015-06-01

This study identified key attributes of protein beverages and evaluated effects of priming on liking of protein beverages. An adaptive choice-based conjoint study was conducted along with Kano analysis to gain insight on protein beverage consumers (n = 432). Attributes evaluated included label claim, protein type, amount of protein, carbohydrates, sweeteners, and metabolic benefits. Utility scores for levels and importance scores for attributes were determined. Subsequently, two pairs of clear acidic whey protein beverages were manufactured that differed by age of protein source or the amount of whey protein per serving. Beverages were evaluated by 151 consumers on two occasions with or without priming statements. One priming statement declared "great flavor," the other priming statement declared 20 g protein per serving. A two way analysis of variance was applied to discern the role of each priming statement. The most important attribute for protein beverages was sweetener type, followed by amount of protein, followed by type of protein followed by label claim. Beverages with whey protein, naturally sweetened, reduced sugar and ≥15 g protein per serving were most desired. Three consumer clusters were identified, differentiated by their preferences for protein type, sweetener and amount of protein. Priming statements positively impacted concept liking (P < 0.05) but had no effect on overall liking (P > 0.05). Consistent with trained panel profiles of increased cardboard flavor with higher protein content, consumers liked beverages with 10 g protein more than beverages with 20 g protein (6.8 compared with 5.7, P < 0.05). Protein beverages must have desirable flavor for wide consumer appeal. © 2015 Institute of Food Technologists®

Potential for Hydrothermal Deposits in Large Martian Impact Craters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thorsos, I. E.; Newsom, H. E.; Davies, A.

2000-12-01

Investigation of environments on Mars favorable for pre-biotic chemistry or primitive life is a goal of current strategy. Deposits left by hydrothermal systems on Mars are high priority targets. Impact craters larger than 50 km in diameter should have breached local aquifers and provided sufficient heat to power hydrothermal systems. The amount of heat in craters depends on the size of the melt sheet and uplifted basement forming the central peak. The volume of melt is estimated using scaling relationships (Cintala & Grieve, 1998). The central uplift originates below the transient crater cavity and has a stratigraphic uplift of 1/10 the final crater diameter (Melosh & Ivanov, 1999). The central uplift's temperature with depth profile is estimated using a cylindrical "plug" model and adding the enthalpy profile at the time of maximum impactor penetration (O'Keefe & Ahrens, 1994) to the ambient thermal gradient. The heat from the two sources is estimated over a range of crater diameters. The next phase of this work is to model the longevity and extent of the hydrothermal systems. Cintala, H. J. & R. A. F. Grieve, Meteor. and Plan. Sci. 33, 889-912, 1998. Melosh, H. J. & B. A. Ivanov, Annual Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 385-415, 1999. O'Keefe, J. D. & T. J. Ahrens, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 293, 103-109, 1994.

Experimental and geochemical evidence for derivation of the El Capitan Granite, California, by partial melting of hydrous gabbroic lower crust

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ratajeski, K.; Sisson, T.W.; Glazner, A.F.

2005-01-01

Partial melting of mafic intrusions recently emplaced into the lower crust can produce voluminous silicic magmas with isotopic ratios similar to their mafic sources. Low-temperature (825 and 850??C) partial melts synthesized at 700 MPa in biotite-hornblende gabbros from the central Sierra Nevada batholith (Sisson et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 148:635-661, 2005) have major-element and modeled trace-element (REE, Rb, Ba, Sr, Th, U) compositions matching those of the Cretaceous El Capitan Granite, a prominent granite and silicic granodiorite pluton in the central part of the Sierra Nevada batholith (Yosemite, CA, USA) locally mingled with coeval, isotopically similar quartz diorite through gabbro intrusions (Ratajeski et al. in Geol Soc Am Bull 113:1486-1502, 2001). These results are evidence that the El Capitan Granite, and perhaps similar intrusions in the Sierra Nevada batholith with lithospheric-mantle-like isotopic values, were extracted from LILE-enriched, hydrous (hornblende-bearing) gabbroic rocks in the Sierran lower crust. Granitic partial melts derived by this process may also be silicic end members for mixing events leading to large-volume intermediate composition Sierran plutons such as the Cretaceous Lamarck Granodiorite. Voluminous gabbroic residues of partial melting may be lost to the mantle by their conversion to garnet-pyroxene assemblages during batholithic magmatic crustal thickening. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.

Les bons conseils de la naissance à la maternelle

PubMed Central

Rourke, Leslie; Leduc, Denis; Constantin, Evelyn; Carsley, Sarah; Rourke, James; Li, Patricia

2013-01-01

Résumé Objectif Donner un aperçu de la version 2011 du Relevé postnatal Rourke (RPR), qui comporte aussi des nouveautés dans son site web et de nouvelles initiatives connexes et qui intègre les données des ouvrages scientifiques récents sur les soins de santé préventifs à l’intention des enfants de 0 à 5 ans. Qualité des données À l’instar des versions antérieures du RPR, la nouvelle édition présente des recommandations identifiées comme se fondant sur des preuves suffisantes, acceptables ou consensuelles, selon les classifications adoptées par le Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs en 2011. Message principal De nouveaux renseignements et des recommandations sont présentés concernant la surveillance de la croissance, la nutrition et la vaccination contre la varicelle, les pneumocoques, les méningocoques et le rotavirus. Il y a maintenant de bonnes données probantes en faveur de l’adaptation canadienne des courbes de croissance de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé, du dépistage universel des problèmes d’audition chez le nouveau-né et du recours à des stratégies de réduction de la douleur liée à la vaccination. On a mis à jour les conseils anticipatoires concernant la sécurité durant le sommeil, la supervision de la santé des enfants en foyer d’accueil, le trouble du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale, les facteurs de risque nécessitant le dépistage du plomb et de l’anémie, les soins dentaires et la santé buccale. Parmi les nouvelles rubriques dans le site web du RPR, on peut mentionner une section présentant des ressources pour les parents, des modifications à l’intention de populations particulières, comme les personnes vivant au Nunavut, une version du RPR qui met en évidence en un coup d’œil les modifications à la version de 2009 et une expansion de la fonction d’exploration du RPR accompagnée des hyperliens connexes menant aux renseignements pertinents. On peut

Deep-crustal seismicity in volcanic regions by fluid-enhanced wallrock embrittlement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sisson, T. W.; Power, J. A.

2013-12-01

dominantly conductive heat transfer at those depths. Over the ca. 1-5×105 yr durations of convergent margin volcanoes, characteristic isotherms propagate <10 km (k: 2.25 W/mK); temperature dependent thermal conductivity [4] would reduce these distances. Deep magmatic systems are therefore encased in relatively thin thermal sheaths, outboard of which temperatures drop sharply to near-ambient values, and rock strengths increase accordingly. Collectively, these factors support a scenario wherein magmas crystallize in the roots of volcanic systems, gradually exsolving and releasing vapor, some of which percolates into surrounding wallrocks. Beyond some critical isotherm, plastic rock strength increases sufficiently for fluid enhanced brittle failure when the walls are stressed by magma replenishments or by ordinary tectonic forces. If so, the statistical spatial distribution of DLPs indicates that the hot, active portions of the deep magmatic systems are relatively narrow, commonly <6 km in semi-minor radius. 1. Pitt et al., 2002, Seis Res Lett 73:144-152 2. Power et al., 2004, Jour Volc Geotherm Res 138:243-266 3. Nichols et al., 2011, Jour Volc Geotherm Res 200:116-128 4. Whittington et al., 2009, Nature 458, 319-321

Orogenesis of the Oman Mountains - a new geodynamic model based on structural geology, plate reconstructions and thermochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grobe, Arne; Virgo, Simon; von Hagke, Christoph; Ralf, Littke; Urai, Janos L.

2017-04-01

faults on the northern flank of the anticline. We link these results with the geodynamic framework of the area, constrained by plate tectonic reconstructions. Furthermore, we constrain the exhumation history of the mountain belt using zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He dating. Geodynamic and exhumation events can be linked to structural generations. This results in a new tectonic model of the Oman Mountains. We find a remarkable along-strike consistency of mountain building phases and argue involvement of a micro-plate is not required. Breton, J.P., Béchennec, F., Le Métour, J., Moen-Maurel, L., Razin, P., 2004. Eoalpine (Cretaceous) evolution of the Oman Tethyan continental margin: Insights from a structural field study in Jabal Akhdar (Oman Mountains). GeoArabia 9, 41-58. Fink, R., Virgo, S., Arndt, M., Visser, W., Littke, R., Urai, J.L.L., 2015. Solid bitumen in calcite veins from the Natih Formation in the Oman Mountains: Multiple phases of petroleum migration in a changing stress field. Int. J. Coal Geol. 157, 39-51. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2015.07.012 Grobe, A., Urai, J.L.L., Littke, R., Lünsdorf, N.K.K., 2016. Hydrocarbon generation and migration under a large overthrust: The carbonate platform under the Semail Ophiolite, Jebel Akhdar, Oman. Int. J. Coal Geol. 1-17. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2016.02.007

Could borate have played a role in the RNA World?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grew, E. S.; Bada, J. L.; Hazen, R. M.

2012-12-01

Hills, Australia, have been cited as evidence for the presence of granitic (s. l.) "protocontinental" crust by 4.3 Ga (Ushikuba et al. 2008 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.032; Valley et al. 2010 Rec Geol Surv W Aust, 5-7), but the existence of conventional plate tectonics prior to 3.8 Ga remains controversial. Chaussidon & Appel (1997 Chem Geol 136, 171-180) concluded that boron isotope compositions (δ11B) of tourmaline from Isua volcaniclastic rocks provide no evidence for changes of δ11B in the mantle or continental crust between now and 3.8 Ga, whereas the very light B (δ11B = -20‰) in tourmaline from Isua metachert could indicate that seawater δ11B was at least 10‰ less at 3.8 Ga than now and that there was proportionally less B in sediments at 3.8 Ga, i.e., fractionation of B between depleted mantle, oceans, continental crust and oceanic crust was still in progress (Chaussidon & Albarède 1992, EPSL 108, 229-241). If fractionation and outgassing of boron had not proceeded very far during the RNA World, neither of the proposed scenarios of borate enrichment is plausible, particularly in the absence of a conventional plate tectonics regime.

Origin and significance of the 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaczek-Pedroza, Kirsten; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Meade, Fiona C.; Burchardt, Steffi; Carracedo, Juan C.; Klügel, Andreas; Harris, Chris; Wiesmaier, Sebastian; Berg, Sylvia E.; Barker, Abigail K.

2014-05-01

During the first week of the 2011/2012 submarine eruption off El Hierro (Canary Islands), peculiar light-coloured pumiceous rocks (xeno-pumice) were found floating on the sea. The appearance of these rocks led to a potentially inappropriate response from the authorities, because the rocks were viewed as likely indicators of high-silica magma and possible explosive eruptive behaviour. However, the eruption remained a relatively minor and dominantly effusive event and the origin and significance of these peculiar xeno-pumice rocks for volcanic monitoring remains unresolved. Three contrasting models have been put forward, describing them as: a) recycled hydrothermally altered felsic magmatic rocks (Meletlidis et al., 2012, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39:L17302), b) sediment-contaminated high-silica magma (Sigmarsson et al., 2013, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 165:601-622) or c) frothy xenoliths from pre-island sedimentary strata that were melted while immersed in magma (Troll et al., 2012, Solid Earth, 3:97-110). Here, we combine the three available datasets to assess the origin of El Hierro xeno-pumice in the light of texture, mineralogy, major and trace element composition, and oxygen isotope characteristics in order to discuss their significance. We note that: 1) Sedimentary relicts occur frequently in xeno-pumice samples with occasionally observed relict bedding. 2) Vesicle sizes are extremely variable, which documents multiple degassing events. The vesicles are biggest especially close to sedimentary relicts, likely the result of a complex mix of minerals and porewaters originally present. 3) The mineral assemblage of xeno-pumice includes quartz, smectite, illite, wollastonite, jasper and mica (XRD) and is akin to marine sedimentary rocks in the region (Hoernle, 1998, J. Petrol.,39:859-880; Robertson & Stillman, 1979, J. Geol. Soc., 136:47 -60; Aparicio et al., 2006, Geol. Mag. 143:181 -193). 4) CIPW norms calculated from xeno-pumice major element compositions show the

Tertiary stress field evolution in Sistan (Eastern Iran)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michael, Jentzer; Marc, Fournier; Philippe, Agard; Jafar, Omrani

2016-04-01

are presently mechanically coupled and shortened in the Arabia Eurasia collision zone. The counterclockwise rotation of compression, from Miocene to Present, documented everywhere in Iran is probably related to the rotation of the Arabia-Eurasia direction of convergence. However, the amount of rotation is higher in Central Iran than in South Iran, suggesting a progressive mechanical coupling from Miocene to Present. Tirrul, R., Bell, I.R., Griffis, R.J., Camp, V.E., 1983. The Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 94, 134-150. Walker, R., Jackson, J., 2004. Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran. Tectonics 23, doi:10.1029/2003TC001529 Walker, R.T., 2006 a. A remote sensing study of active folding and faulting in southern Kerman province, S.E. Iran. J. Struct. Geol. 28, 654-668. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.12.014 Walker, R.T., Khatib, M.M., 2006 b. Active faulting in the Birjand region of NE Iran. Tectonics 25, doi:10.1029/2005TC001871

Using Grand Challenges to Teach Science: A Biology-Geology Collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyford, M.; Myers, J. D.

2012-12-01

. Global Sustainability: Managing Earth's Resources (GEOL 1600) focuses on the energy-water climate nexus with a similar emphasis on STEM and non-STEM perspectives as LIFE 1002. Each week, there are three one hour lectures and a two hour lab. To set the stage for global and systems thinking, the concept of the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries are introduced early in the semester. Lectures focus on a variety of energy-water-climate topics and provide the content background for the labs. Labs are mini-case studies that address a variety of issues set in different global contexts, e.g. groundwater in Bangladesh, coal in China and petroleum in Saudi Arabia. Often the labs cover two weeks with one part covering science and the other economics. Unlike the other two courses, Energy: A Geological Perspective (GEOL 3650), is enrolled with half geology majors and half non-majors, representing almost every college on campus. Its organizational structure is similar to 1600. Labs focus on case studies, each lasting from 3 to 5 weeks, with each week addressing a different aspect of the same issue and social context, e.g. geology, economics, engineering, regulatory and political/social. Students, working in groups, present oral and written reports. Topics range from nuclear power and weapons in Iran to atmospheric emissions and global climate treaties.

Finding the "true" age: ways to read high-precision U-Pb zircon dates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaltegger, U.; Schoene, B.; Ovtcharova, M.; Sell, B. K.; Broderick, C. A.; Wotzlaw, J.

2011-12-01

rheological lockup by the crystals. Last crystallizing zircons in the interstitial melt may therefore postdate emplacement of the magma. The range of 206Pb/238U ages may yield a time frame for the cooling of a given magma batch, which could be added to quantitative thermal models of magma emplacement and cooling. Hf isotopes and trace elements of the dated zircon are used to trace the nature of the dated grains [4], specifically for identification of crystals that form earlier at lower crustal levels (antecrysts). Autocrystic zircons typically show, e.g., distinctly different (higher or lower) Th/U ratios. Cautiously interpreted high-precision U-Pb data of chemically abraded zircons may resolve the evolution of a magmatic system from its roots to final emplacement or eruption, trace fractional crystallization of zircon and other accessory and major phases in a magma batch, and add quantitative temporal constraints to thermal models. The proposed interpretation scheme thus adds significant information compared to conventional statistics. [1] Mattinson J., 2005, Chem. Geol. 200, 47-66; ; [2] Slama et al., 2008, Chem. Geol. 249, 1-35; [3] Miller et al., 2007, J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 167, 282-299; [4] Schoene et al., 2010, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 7144-7159

Next-generation marine instruments to join plume debate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simons, F. J.; Nolet, G.; Babcock, J.

2003-12-01

Whether hot spot volcanism is the consequence of plate tectonics or has a deep origin in a mantle plume is debated. G.~Foulger (Geol.~Soc.~London Lett.~Online, accessed 9/3/2003), writes that carefully truncated cross sections, with color scales cranked up, give noisy images the illusion of strong anomalies traversing the mantle. Don Anderson, the big daddy of non-plume hypotheses (R.~Kent, Geol.~Soc.~London Lett.~Online, accessed 9/3/2003) has written that the resolution of regional tomography experiments must be improved in order to successfully determine whether (...) the deep mantle is the controlling factor in the formation of proposed hot spots (Keller et al., GRL 27 (24), 2000). In particular for Iceland, at issue is the inherently limited aperture of any land-based seismometer array on the island: (...) the resolution of such images could be increased (...) by using ocean bottom seismometers (...) (ibidem). These problems are not unique to the plume debate. Coverage, resolution and robustness of models of the wave speed distribution in the interior of the Earth obtained by seismic tomographic inversions are limited by the areal distribution of seismic stations. Two thirds of Earth's surface are virtually inaccessible to passive-source seismometry, save indeed for expensive ocean-bottom seismometers or moored hydrophones. Elsewhere at this meeting, Montelli et al. describe how an improved theoretical treatment of the generation and survival of travel-time anomalies and sophisticated parameterization techniques yield unprecedented resolution of the seismic expression of a variety of ``plumes'' coming from all depths within the mantle. On the other hand, the improved resolution required to settling the debate on the depth to the seismic origin of various hot spots will also result from the collection of previously inaccessable data. Here, we show our progress in the development of an independent hydro-acoustical recording device mounted on SOLO floats. Our

Percolation and permeability of fracture networks in Excavated Damaged Zones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mourzenko, V.; Thovert, J.; Adler, P. M.

2012-12-01

are systematically determined for a wide range of decay lengths and anisotropy parameters. They can be modeled by comparison with anisotropic fracture networks with a constant density. A heuristic power-law model is proposed which accurately describes the results for the percolation threshold over the whole investigated range of heterogeneity and anisotropy. Then, the data for the EDZ transmissivity are presented. A simple parallel flow model is introduced. The flow properties of the EDZ vary with the distance z from the wall. However, the macroscopic pressure gradient does not depend on z, and the flow lines are in average parallel to the wall. Hence, the overall transmissivity is tentatively estimated by a parallel flow model, where a layer at depth z behaves as a fractured medium with uniform properties corresponding to the state at this position in the EDZ. It yields an explicit analytical expression for the transmissivity as a function of the heterogeneity and anisotropy parameters, and it successfully accounts for all the numerical data. Graphical tools are provided from which first estimates can be quickly and easily obtained. [1] Bossart P. et al, Eng. Geol., vol. 66, 19-38 (2002). [2] Thovert J.-F. et al, Eng. Geol., 117, 39-51 (2011). [3] Adler P.M. et al, Fractured porous media, Oxford U. Press, in press.

Hydrogeology of a fractured shale (Opalinus Clay): Implications for deep geological disposal of radioactive wastes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gautschi, Andreas

2001-01-01

ême lorsque des fractures et des failles existaient dans certains des intervalles d'essais. Ces mesures sont conformes aux données hydrogéologiques tirées du recoupement des argiles à Opalinus par dix tunnels du Jura plissé du nord de la Suisse. Malgré une tectonique intense, peu de manifestations de faibles venues d'eau ont été rencontrées dans plus de 6600 m de tunnel. Toutes les venues d'eau se sont produites dans des sections de tunnel où le recouvrement est inférieur à 200 m. Les données hydrauliques sont en bon accord avec les données hydrochimiques et isotopiques de l'eau porale des argiles. En se basant sur le grand nombre de données hydrogéologiques, qui portent en partie sur les environnements géologiques particulièrement peu propices, on peut avancer que le transport advectif le long des failles et des fractures n'est pas un facteur susceptible de remettre en question le choix de l'argile à Opalinus comme roche hôte pour le stockage de déchets radioactifs en formation géologique profonde. Resúmen. Dentro del programa suizo de eliminación de residuos radiactivos de alta actividad, se está investigando la posibilidad de utilizar unos esquistos Jurásicos (Arcilla Opalina) como depósito geológico. Las observaciones efectuadas en pozos en arcilla y los resultados de un programa de estudio alemán sobre eliminación de residuos peligrosos han demostrado que, a profundidades de entre 10 y 30 m, la permeabilidad de la Arcilla Opalina decrece en varios órdenes de magnitud. Los ensayos hidráulicos realizados en sondeos más profundos (en intervalos situados a más de 300 m) proporcionaron conductividades hidráulicas inferiores a 10-12 m/s, pese a que algunos de los intervalos interceptaban juntas y fallas. Estas medidas son coherentes con los datos hidrogeológicos de las secciones de Arcilla Opalina existentes en 10 túneles del Jurásico Plegado, al norte de Suiza. A pesar de las fallas extensivas, apenas se hallaron indicios de entrada de

Consumer awareness of salt and sodium reduction and sodium labeling.

PubMed

Kim, M K; Lopetcharat, K; Gerard, P D; Drake, M A

2012-09-01

Reduction of dietary sodium by reduction of sodium in foods is a current industry target. Quantitative information on consumer knowledge of sodium and reduction of dietary sodium is limited. The objectives of this study were to characterize consumer knowledge and awareness of sodium and salt reduction in foods. Consumers (n = 489) participated in a quantitative internet survey designed to gather knowledge and attitudes towards dietary sodium, sodium in foods, and health. Eating habits and food consumption characteristics, knowledge of salt and sodium, and interest in health and wellness were probed. Saltiness believe and sodium knowledge indices were calculated based on correct responses to salt levels in food products. Kano analysis was conducted to determine the role of nutrition labels and satisfaction/dissatisfaction of foods. Consumers were aware of the presence of sodium in "salty" foods, and that sodium was part of salt. People who had a family history of certain diseases associated with a higher intake of dietary sodium did not necessarily have more knowledge of the relationship between sodium intake and a specific disease compared to consumers with no family history. Sodium content on the food label panel did not influence consumer dissatisfaction; however, sodium content did not necessarily increase consumer product satisfaction either. The addition of a healthy nutrient (that is, whole grain, fiber) into a current food product was appealing to consumers. For nutrient labeling, a "reduced" claim was more appealing to consumers than a "free" claim for "unhealthy" nutrients such as fat, sodium, and sugar. This study demonstrated the current state of consumer knowledge on sodium and salt reduction, and consumer perception of the relationship between diets high in sodium and many chronic diseases. Information that may contribute to consumer satisfaction on nutrition panel labeling was also determined. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

Sound waves and antineoplastic drugs: The possibility of an enhanced combined anticancer therapy.

PubMed

Feril, Loreto B; Kondo, Takashi; Umemura, Shin-Ichiro; Tachibana, Katsuro; Manalo, Angelo H; Riesz, Peter

2002-12-01

Kremkau wrote a historical review of the use of ultrasound in cancer therapy in 1979((1)) In 1990, Kondo and Kano published a Japanese review of the implications of the thermal and nonthermal effects of ultrasound in the treatment of cancer(2)). Again in 2000, Kondo et al reviewed the therapeutic applications of ultrasound and shock wave, emphasizing their thermal and cavitational effects(3)). Here we focus on the effects of ultrasound or shock waves in combination with anticancer agents, emphasizing their mechanisms of action and interaction. Most of the studies cited here reported promising results. Although the extent of the augmented combined effects in vivo is limited, synergism is the rule in vitro. In addition to the thermal effect of ultrasound, cavitational effects undoubtedly played a major role in both ultrasound and, more prominently, in shock wave therapy. Although the mechanism of the nonthermal noncavitational effects on biological processes is obscure, several factors, including temperature and the occurrence of cavitation and inertial cavitation, probably coexist and blend with these other effects. Magnification of anticancer activity results mainly from increased localization of drugs or other agents in vivo and increased intracellular permeabilisation both in vivo and in vitro. On the other hand, sublethal damage caused by ultrasound or shock waves may render cells more susceptible, to the effects of the agents, and both may act together, further amplifying these effects. We thus conclude that proper combination of an appropriate agent and ultrasound or shock wave should help improve cancer therapy by minimizing the side effects of drugs by lowering the effective dose and reducing the systemic concentration while increasing the efficiency of the therapy as a whole. Future studies should reveal specific conditions in this combined therapy that will lead to optimal outcome.

Qualitative study of knowledge and attitudes to biobanking among lay persons in Nigeria.

PubMed

Igbe, Michael A; Adebamowo, Clement A

2012-10-16

Interest in biobanking for collection of specimens for non-communicable diseases research has grown in recent times. This paper explores the perspectives of Nigerians on donation of specimen for the biobanking research. We conducted 16 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with individuals from different ethnic, age and socio-economic groups in Kano (North), Enugu (Southeast), Oyo States (Southwest) and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (Central) of Nigeria. We used topic guides and prompt statements to explore the knowledge and understanding of interviewees to general issues about biobanking of biospecimens, their use and specifically about role of biobanking in non-communicable diseases research. A total of 123 individuals participated in 16 focus group discussions in 2011. Our participants had limited knowledge of the concept of biobanking but accepted it once they were educated about it and saw it as a worthwhile venture. Half of our study participants supported use of broad consent, a quarter supported restricted consent while the remaining quarter were in favour of tiered consent. Most discussants support shipment of their samples to other countries for further research, but they prefer those collaborations to be done only with competent, ethical researchers and they would like to receive feedback about such projects. The majority preferred health care as a benefit from participation, particularly for any unexpected condition that may be discovered during the course of the research instead of financial compensation. Participants emphasized the need to ensure that donated samples were not used for research that contradicts their religious beliefs. Our study demonstrates that our participants accepted biobanking once they understand it but there were different attitudes to elements of biobanking such as type of consent. Our study highlights the need to carefully document population attitudes to elements of modern scientific research and the consenting process.

'Every disease has its cure': faith and HIV therapies in Islamic northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Tocco, Jack Ume

2010-12-01

Northern Nigeria has one of the highest levels of HIV prevalence among societies that are predominantly Muslim. In the last decade the region has experienced marked expansion of religiously-oriented healing practices following the formal adoption of Islamic sharia law. Since 2005, international funding has also made antiretroviral therapy (ART) more widely available throughout Nigeria. This study uses ethnographic data collected in Kano, northern Nigeria's largest city, to examine Muslims' perspectives on HIV treatment in the context of popular health beliefs and expanding therapeutic options. The research found that passages from classical Islamic texts are regularly cited by both HIV/AIDS practitioners and patients, especially when talking about the supposition that Allah sends a cure to humankind for every disease. Some religious scholar-practitioners (malamai) working in the Islamic traditions of prophetic medicine insist that HIV can be completely cured given sufficient faith in the supernatural power of the Quran; others claim that the natural ingredients prescribed in Islamic texts can cure HIV. Such assertions contradict the mainstream biomedical position that, with the proper therapeutic regimen, infection with HIV can be managed as a chronic illness, although not cured. Thus, these assertions constitute a challenge to the increasing therapeutic hegemony of antiretroviralbased care in Nigeria. Without falsifying the proposition that a divine cure for HIV exists, many Muslim patients on ART, and the predominantly Muslim biomedical staff who treat them, express scepticism about whether the cure has yet to be revealed to humans. These findings suggest that despite recent efforts in Nigeria to assert a unified Islamic perspective on HIV and AIDS, substantive disagreements persist over the causes, treatments and curability of the disease. The healing systems in which practitioners and patients operate influence how they interpret Islamic texts concerning the

Substance use and sexual behaviour among female students in Nigerian universities.

PubMed

Oye-Adeniran, B A; Aina, O F; Gbadegesin, A; Ekanem, E E

2014-01-01

Substance use continues to constitute social and health problems, more so among adolescents and young adults. One consequence is risky sexual behavior, a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa already facing the synergistic problems of poverty and HIV/AIDS. This study of female students aged ≥ 18 years in two universities in Nigeria uses a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, and each subject that gave consent to the study was administered with a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers; 2,408 female students were studied (1,854 from the University of Ibadan and 554 from the Bayero University, Kano). The mean age of the respondents was 21.6 (SD = 2.9), and about two-thirds (65.7%) were aged between 20-24, with 2,204 (91.5%) being single and 4.3% married. In all, 23.4% of the subjects used one form of substance. Alcoholic drinks of palm wine, alcoholic wine, and beer were the most common of substances used (22.7%), followed by tobacco (2%) and cannabis (1%). Substance use was significantly associated with religious affiliation of the students (p < 0.001), as the prevalence of substance use was least among Muslim students (11.7%) and highest among those who professed traditional religion (39.4%). Alcohol use was also positively associated with sexual activity (p < 0.001). Among the 547 students who used alcohol, 147 (26.9%) had sex in the 4 weeks prior to the survey, while among the 1,861 non-users, only 8.9% did so. The practice of unprotected sex was found not to be associated with substance use: a slightly lower proportion (29.5% vs. 36.6%) of substance users engaged in unprotected sex in their last encounter compared to non-users. There is need to scale up public health education on the dangers of substance use and its associated sexual risk behavior.

Comparison of nucleotide sequences of recent and previous lineages of peste-des-petits-ruminants viruses of sheep and goats in Nigeria.

PubMed

Mantip, Samuel; Quan, Melvyn; Shamaki, David; Van Vuuren, Moritz

2016-08-31

Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious, fatal and economically important viral disease of small ruminants that is still endemic and militates against the production of sheep and goats in endemic areas of the world. The aim of this study was to describe the viral strains within the country. This was carried out by collecting tissue and swab samples from sheep and goats in various agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. The phylogeny of archived PPRV strains or isolates and those circulating and causing recent outbreaks was determined by sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N)-gene. Twenty tissue and swab samples from apparently healthy and sick sheep and goats were collected randomly from 18 states, namely 3 states in each of the 6 agro-ecological zones visited. A total of 360 samples were collected. A total of 35 samples of 360 (9.7%) tested positive by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, of which 25 were from oculo-nasal swabs and 10 were from tissue samples. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis using Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) identified four different lineages, that is, lineages I, II, III and IV. Interestingly, the Nigerian strains described in this study grouped in two separate major lineages, that is, lineages II and IV. Strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau and Ondo states grouped according to the historical distribution of PPRV together with the Nigerian 75/1 strain of lineage II, while other strains from Sokoto, Oyo, Plateau, Akwa-Ibom, Adamawa, Kaduna, Lagos, Bauchi, Niger and Kano states grouped together with the East African and Asian strains of lineage IV. This finding confirms that both lineage II and IV strains of PPRV are circulating in Nigeria. Previously, only strains of lineage II were found to be present in the country.

Unique Clones of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor with Haitian Type ctxB Allele Implicated in the Recent Cholera Epidemics from Nigeria, Africa

PubMed Central

Pazhani, Gururaja Perumal; Abiodun, Iwalokun Bamidele; Afolabi, Oluwadun; Kolawole, Olukoya Daniel; Mukhopadhyay, Asish K.; Ramamurthy, Thanadarayan

2016-01-01

Background and Objectives The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1, which is responsible for several cholera epidemics in Nigeria, are not reported in detail since 2007. In this study, we screened V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype isolates from cholera cases and water samples from different states to investigate their phenotypic and genetic attributes with special reference to their clonality. Results All the V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor isolates isolated during 2007–2013 were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, the drugs currently used in the treatment of cholera cases in Nigeria. Emergence of CT genotype 7 (Haitian type of ctxB allele) was predominantly seen among Ogawa serotype and the CT genotype 1 (classical ctxB allele) was mostly found in Inaba serotype. Overall, V. cholerae O1 from clinical and water samples were found to be closely related as determined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. V. cholerae isolates from Abia, Kano and Bauchi were found to be genetically distinct from the other states of Nigeria. Conclusion Fecal contamination of the water sources may be the possible source of the cholera infection. Combined prevalence of Haitian and classical ctxB alleles were detected in Ogawa and Inaba serotypes, respectively. This study further demonstrated that V. cholerae O1 with the ctxB has been emerged similar to the isolates reported in Haiti. Our findings suggest that the use of fluoroquinolones or tetracycline/doxycycline may help in the effective management of acute cholera in the affected Nigerian states. In addition, strengthening the existing surveillance in the hospitals of all the states and supply of clean drinking water may control cholera outbreaks in the future. PMID:27479360

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in polio eradication in northern Nigeria.

PubMed

Taylor, Sebastian; Khan, Mahmud; Muhammad, Ado; Akpala, Okey; van Strien, Marit; Morry, Chris; Feek, Warren; Ogden, Ellyn

2017-11-07

Vaccine hesitancy constitutes a major threat to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), and to further expansion of routine immunisation. Understanding hesitancy, leading in some cases to refusal, is vital to the success of GPEI. Re-emergence of circulating wild poliovirus in northern Nigeria in mid-2016, after 24months polio-free, gives urgency to this. But it is equally important to protect and sustain the global gains available through routine immunisation in a time of rising scepticism and potential rejection of specific vaccines or immunisation more generally. This study is based on a purposive sampling survey of 1653 households in high- and low-performing rural, semiurban and urban areas of three high-risk states of northern Nigeria in 2013-14 (Sokoto, Kano and Bauchi). The survey sought to understand factors at household and community level associated with propensity to refuse polio vaccine. Wealth, female education and knowledge of vaccines were associated with lower propensity to refuse oral polio vaccine (OPV) among rural households. But higher risk of refusal among wealthier, more literate urban household rendered these findings ambiguous. Ethnic and religious identity did not appear to be associated with risk of OPV refusal. Risk of vaccine refusal was highly clustered among households within a small sub-group of sampled settlements. Contrary to expectations, households in these settlements reported higher levels of expectation of government as service provider, but at the same time lesser confidence in the efficacy of their relations with government. Results suggest that strategies to address the micro-political dimension of vaccination - expanding community-level engagement, strengthening the role of local government in public health, and enhancing public participation of women - should be effective in reducing non-compliance, asan important set of strategies complementary to conventional didactic/educational approaches and working through

Décontamination nucléaire par laser UV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delaporte, Ph.; Gastaud, M.; Marine, W.; Sentis, M.; Uteza, O.; Thouvenot, P.; Alcaraz, J. L.; Le Samedy, J. M.; Blin, D.

2003-06-01

Le développement et l'utilisation de procédés propres pour le nettoyage ou la préparation de surfaces est l'une des priorités du milieu industriel. Cet intérêt est d'autant plus grand dans le domaine du nucléaire pour lequel la réduction des déchets est un axe de recherche important. Un dispositif de décontamination nucléaire par laser UV impulsionnel a été développé et testé. Il est composé. d'un laser à excimères de 1kW, d'un faisceau de fibres optiques et d'un dispositif de récupération des particules. Les essais réalisés en milieu actif ont démontré sa capacité à nettoyer des surfaces métalliques polluées par différents radioéléments avec des facteurs de décontamination généralement supérieurs à 10. Ce dispositif permet de décontaminer de grandes surfaces de géométrie simple en réduisant fortement la génération de déchets secondaires. Il est, à ce jour et dans ces conditions d'utilisations, le procédé de décontamination par voie sèche le plus efficace.

Sidération myocardique au cours d'une intoxication au monoxyde de carbone (CO) chez une femme enceinte

PubMed Central

Coulibaly, Mahamadoun; Berdai, Mohamed Adnane; Labib, Smael; Harandou, Mustapha

2015-01-01

L'intoxication au monoxyde de carbone (CO) est la première cause de décès par intoxication en France. La littérature est ancienne et peu connue. Les signes les plus fréquents de l'intoxication sont la triade: Céphalées; asthénie, faiblesse musculaire surtout des membres inférieurs. Ses conséquences sont potentiellement graves pour le fœtus quand elle survient chez la femme enceinte, il est particulièrement exposé au risque d'hypoxie en raison de la forte affinité de son hémoglobine pour le CO qui traverse aisément le placenta. Les événements cardiovasculaires ne sont pas rares et peuvent être responsable d'une morbi-mortalité assez importante qui peuvent être d'apparition rapide ou secondaire mais régressent habituellement en quelques jours. Des SCA peuvent survenir lors d'une une intoxication au CO avec à l'extrême infarctus myocardique avec surélévation du segment ST. Il paraît légitime de proposer pour toutes les patientes: l’éloignement maternel de la source de CO; l'oxygénothérapie à 100% au masque facial par les services de secours et pendant le transfert; le traitement par oxygénothérapie hyperbare pour toutes les femmes enceintes, le plus rapidement possible et quelque soit l’âge gestationnel. PMID:26405502

Appendicite aigue non compliquée: y a-t- il une place pour le traitement conservateur

PubMed Central

El Khader, Ahmed; Lahkim, Mohamed; El Barni, Rachid; Achour, Abdessamad

2015-01-01

Le but de cette étude a été d’évaluer l'efficacité de l'antibiothérapie seule dans le traitement des appendicites aigues non compliquées. C'est une étude prospective, intéressant 68 patients ayant eu une appendicite aigue simple, de confirmation radiologique, traités par l'amoxicilline associée à l'acide clavulanique pendant 10 jours. L'appendicectomie a été réalisée en cas d'aggravation ou en cas de non amélioration au bout de 48heures de traitement. Le traitement conservateur a été efficace dans 82,35% avec une résolution complète des symptômes chez 56 patients. Les 12 cas restants (17,65%) ont subit une appendicectomie. l'appendicite a été gangréneuse dans 8 cas et phlegmoneuse dans 4 cas. Cinq des 56 patients, qui ont bien évolué sous traitement conservateur, ont été réadmis et opérés pour récidive, soit 8,9%. Deux cas ont eu une appendicite compliquée. L'appendicectomie reste le traitement de référence pour l'appendicite aigue, mais le traitement antibiotique peut être proposé en première intension à des patients présentant une appendicite aigue non compliquée. PMID:26327981

Up-to-date Geomagnetic Coordinate Transforms with AACGM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stephens, G. K.; Morrison, D.; Barnes, R. J.; Potter, M.; Schaefer, R. K.

2017-12-01

Geomagnetic plasmas organize along magnetic field lines, thus, it is often appropriate to use magnetic field line conjunctions for comparisons between spacecraft observations. Due to the expense of tracing magnetic field lines, the Altitude-Adjusted Corrected GeoMagnetic (AACGM) coordinate system is used. The (AACGM) coordinates are defined by the best fit dipole of the Earth's magnetic field and have been a standard tool used by the SPA community for a long time. However, standard 5 year updated coefficients for this transform are no longer available after the 2010 set. A new version of AACGM (V2 - Shepard, 2014) has been defined. AACGM V2 is fit to a spherical harmonic expansion. A pitfall with this V2 coordinate system is that it is undefined near the magnetic equator, which is problematic for determining conjunctions for spacecraft that with ground stations that pass through these regions. We have derived a new set of coefficients valid for the current epoch that allow us to continue to use the original version of AACGM. We also explore the errors that are introduced by ignoring the magnetic field caused by magnetospheric electric currents. The derived coefficients are made available to the public along with Java software that can be used to evaluate the AACGM coordinates. Shepard, S., 2014, Altitude-Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates: Definition and Functional Approximations, Jour. Geophys. Res., 119, 020264, DOI:10.1002/2014JA020264

Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markewich, Helaine W.; Litwin, Ronald J.; Pavich, Milan J.; Brook, George A.

2009-05-01

Inactive parabolic dunes are present in southeastern Maryland, USA, along the east bank of the Potomac River. More elongate and finer-grained eolian deposits and paha-like ridges characterize the Potomac River-Patuxent River upland and the west side of Chesapeake Bay. These ridges are streamlined erosional features, veneered with eolian sediment and interspersed with dunes in the low-relief headwaters of Potomac- and Patuxent-river tributaries. Axis data for the dunes and ridges indicate formation by WNW-NW winds. Optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon age data suggest dune formation from ˜ 33-15 ka, agreeing with the 30-13 ka ages Denny, C.S., Owens, J.P., Sirkin, L., Rubin, M., 1979. The Parsonburg Sand in the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1067-B, 16 pp. suggested for eolian deposits east of Chesapeake Bay. Age range and paleowind direction(s) for eolian features in the Bay region approximate those for late Wisconsin loess in the North American midcontinent. Formation of midcontinent loess and Bay-region eolian features was coeval with rapid growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and strong cooling episodes (δ 18O minima) evident in Greenland ice cores. Age and paleowind-direction coincidence, for eolian features in the midcontinent and Bay region, indicates strong mid-latitude WNW-NW winds for several hundred kilometers south of the Laurentide glacial terminus that were oblique to previously simulated anticyclonic winds for the last glacial maximum.

Increasing Minority Participation and Matriculation in the Geosciences at El Paso Community College

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villalobos, J. I.

2011-12-01

Community colleges currently serve 44% of all undergraduate students and 45% of all of all first time freshmen in the US. Hispanics now constitute 15% of the general population and 19% of the college population in the US. This increase has led to more institutions emerging as HSI (Hispanic Serving Institution) by the federal government. These facts illustrate the potential community colleges hold to encourage STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Math) majors to minorities as well as non-minorities. But the reality is the number of STEM degrees awarded at community colleges has not followed the same trends in enrollment. El Paso Community College (EPCC) currently enrolls 27,000 students with 85% of the student body being Hispanic. More than 130 programs of study are offered including an Associate of Science degree in Geological Sciences. Over the past three years we have implemented several initiatives in our effort to increase the number of Geological Science (GS) majors at EPCC. These efforts are aimed to decrease attrition rates of science majors by; streamlining the GS degree plan along with the process of course registration, introduce field-based research projects to students to allow hands on research, develop a work relationships with students and university faculty, increase the number of geology courses offered at EPCC including a field-based capstone course (GEOL 2407- Geological Field Methods), and strengthening the educational-bridge between the geological science departments of EPCC and University of Texas at El Paso.

Geomorphology, acoustic backscatter, and processes in Santa Monica Bay from multibeam mapping.

PubMed

Gardner, James V; Dartnell, Peter; Mayer, Larry A; Hughes Clarke, John E

2003-01-01

Santa Monica Bay was mapped in 1996 using a high-resolution multibeam system, providing the first substantial update of the submarine geomorphology since the initial compilation by Shepard and Emery [(1941) Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 31]. The multibeam mapping generated not only high-resolution bathymetry, but also coregistered, calibrated acoustic backscatter at 95 kHz. The geomorphology has been subdivided into six provinces; shelf, marginal plateau, submarine canyon, basin slope, apron, and basin. The dimensions, gradients, and backscatter characteristics of each province is described and related to a combination of tectonics, climate, sea level, and sediment supply. Fluctuations of eustatic sea level have had a profound effect on the area; by periodically eroding the surface of Santa Monica plateau, extending the mouth of the Los Angeles River to various locations along the shelf break, and by connecting submarine canyons to rivers. A wetter glacial climate undoubtedly generated more sediment to the rivers that then transported the increased sediment load to the low-stand coastline and canyon heads. The trends of Santa Monica Canyon and several bathymetric highs suggest a complex tectonic stress field that has controlled the various segments. There is no geomorphic evidence to suggest Redondo Canyon is fault controlled. The San Pedro fault can be extended more than 30 km to the northwest by the alignment of a series of bathymetric highs and abrupt changes in direction of channel thalwegs.

Control of hyper-extended passive margin architecture on subduction initiation with application to the Alps and present-day North Atlantic ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Candioti, Lorenzo; Bauville, Arthur; Picazo, Suzanne; Mohn, Geoffroy; Kaus, Boris

2016-04-01

Hyper-extended magma-poor margins are characterized by extremely thinned crust and partially serpentinized mantle exhumation. As this can act as a zone of weakness during a subsequent compression event, a hyper-extended margin can thus potentially facilitate subduction initiation. Hyper-extended margins are also found today as passive margins fringing the Atlantic and North Atlantic ocean, e.g. Iberia and New Foundland margins [1] and Porcupine, Rockwall and Hatton basins. It has been proposed in the literature that hyper-extension in the Alpine Tethys does not exceed ~600 km in width [2]. The geodynamical evolution of the Alpine and Atlantic passive margins are distinct: no subduction is yet initiated in the North Atlantic, whereas the Alpine Tethys basin has undergone subduction. Here, we investigate the control of the presence of a hyper-extended margin on subduction initiation. We perform high resolution 2D simulations considering realistic rheologies and temperature profiles for these locations. We systematically vary the length and thickness of the hyper-extended crust and serpentinized mantle, to better understand the conditions for subduction initiation. References: [1] G. Manatschal. New models for evolution of magma-poor rifted margins based on a review of data and concepts from West Iberia and the Alps. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) (2004); 432-466. [2] G. Mohn, G. Manatschal, M. Beltrando, I. Haupert. The role of rift-inherited hyper-extension in alpine-type orogens. Terra Nova (2014); 347-353.

A critical state model for mudrock behavior at high stress levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heidari, M.; Nikolinakou, M. A.; Flemings, P. B.

2016-12-01

Recent experimental work has documented that the compression behavior, friction angle, and lateral stress ratio (k0) of mudrocks vary over the stress range of 1 to 100 MPa. We integrate these observations into a critical state model. The internal friction angle and the slope of the compression curve are key parameters in a mudrock critical state model. Published models assume that these parameters do not depend on the stress level, and hence predict lateral stress and normalized strength ratios that do not change with the stress level. However, recent experimental data on resedimented mudrock samples from Eugene Island, Gulf of Mexico, demonstrate that all these parameters vary considerably with the stress level (Casey and Germaine, 2013; Casey et al., 2015). To represent these variations, we develop an enhanced critical state model that uses a stress-level-dependent friction angle and a curvilinear compression curve. We show that this enhanced model predicts the observed variations of the lateral stress and strength ratios. The successful performance of our model indicates that the critical state theory developed for soil can predict mudrock nonlinear behavior at high stress levels and thus can be used in modeling geologic systems. Casey, B., Germaine, J., 2013. Stress Dependence of Shear Strength in Fine-Grained Soils and Correlations with Liquid Limit. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 139, 1709-1717. Casey, B., Germaine, J., Flemings, P.B., Fahy, B.P., 2015. Estimating horizontal stresses for mudrocks under one-dimensional compression. Mar. Pet. Geol. 65, 178-186.

Stress state reconstruction and tectonic evolution of the northern slope of the Baikit anteclise, Siberian Craton, based on 3D seismic data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moskalenko, A. N.; Khudoley, A. K.; Khusnitdinov, R. R.

2017-05-01

In this work, we consider application of an original method for determining the indicators of the tectonic stress fields in the northern Baikit anteclise based on 3D seismic data for further reconstruction of the stress state parameters when analyzing structural maps of seismic horizons and corresponded faults. The stress state parameters are determined by the orientations of the main stress axes and shape of the stress ellipsoid. To calculate the stress state parameters from data on the spatial orientations of faults and slip vectors, we used the algorithms from quasiprimary stress computation methods and cataclastic analysis, implemented in the software products FaultKinWin and StressGeol, respectively. The results of this work show that kinematic characteristics of faults regularly change toward the top of succession and that the stress state parameters are characterized by different values of the Lode-Nadai coefficient. Faults are presented as strike-slip faults with normal or reverse component of displacement. Three stages of formation of the faults are revealed: (1) partial inversion of ancient normal faults, (2) the most intense stage with the predominance of thrust and strike-slip faults at north-northeast orientation of an axis of the main compression, and (3) strike-slip faults at the west-northwest orientation of an axis of the main compression. The second and third stages are pre-Vendian in age and correlate to tectonic events that took place during the evolution of the active southwestern margin of the Siberian Craton.

Leaiid conchostracans from the uppermost Permian strata of the Paraná Basin, Brazil: Chronostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira-Oliveira, Luis Gustavo; Rohn, Rosemarie

2010-03-01

Conchostracan fossils are abundant and relatively diversified in the Rio do Rasto Formation (Passa Dois Group, Paraná Basin, southern Brazil), but leaiids (' Leaia pruvosti' [Reed, F.R.C., 1929. Novos Phyllopodos Fósseis do Brasil. Boletim do Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil 34, 2-16]) were previously found at only one locality of the formation in the northern Santa Catarina State. New specimens of the Family Leaiidae, collected from two outcrops in central Paraná State near the top of the formation, stimulated a revision of related taxa. Both the new and the previously known leaiids are herein assigned to Hemicycloleaia mitchelli [Etheridge Jr., R., 1892. On Leaia mitchelli Etheridge. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7, 307-310] based on the presence of three carinae and subovate shape. This species was originally recorded in the upper Tatarian (Wuchiapingian, Late Permian) of Sydney Basin, eastern Australia and therefore corroborates the interpretation that the leaiid bearing strata of the Rio do Rasto Formation cannot be younger than Permian. H. mitchelli possibly was one of the most widespread, eurytopic and conservative Late Paleozoic conchostracans of Gondwana (although records from Africa, India and Antarctica must still be confirmed) and it was also found in the Tatarian of Russia. The sudden disappearance of leaiids after their apparent success is consistent with the hypothesis about the biotic crisis around the Permo-Triassic boundary.

Platinum-group element contents of Karelian kimberlites: Implications for the PGE budget of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maier, W. D.; O'Brien, H.; Peltonen, P.; Barnes, Sarah-Jane

2017-11-01

We present high-precision isotope dilution data for Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd and Re in Group I and Group II kimberlites from the Karelian craton, as well as 2 samples of the Premier Group I kimberlite pipe from the Kaapvaal craton. The samples have, on average, 1.38 ppb Pt and 1.33 ppb Pd, with Pt/Pd around unity. These PGE levels are markedly lower, by as much as 80%, than those reported previously for kimberlites from South Africa, Brazil and India, but overlap with PGE results reported recently from Canadian kimberlites. Primitive-mantle-normalised chalcophile element patterns are relatively flat from Os to Pt, but Cu, Ni and, somewhat less so, Au are enriched relative to the PGE (e.g., Cu/Pd > 25.000). Pd/Ir ratios are 3,6 on average, lower than in most other mantle melts. The PGE systematics can be largely explained by two components, (i) harzburgite/lherzolite detritus of the SCLM with relatively high IPGE (Os-Ir-Ru)/PPGE (Rh-Pt-Pd) ratios, and (ii) a melt component that has high PPGE/IPGE ratios. By using the concentrations of iridium in the kimberlites as a proxy for the proportion of mantle detritus in the magma, we estimate that the analysed kimberlites contain 3-27% entrained and partially dissolved detritus from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, consistent with previous estimates of kimberlites elsewhere (Tappe S. et al., 2016, Chem. Geol. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.08.019).

Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

USGS Publications Warehouse

Markewich, H.W.; Litwin, R.J.; Pavich, M.J.; Brook, G.A.

2009-01-01

Inactive parabolic dunes are present in southeastern Maryland, USA, along the east bank of the Potomac River. More elongate and finer-grained eolian deposits and paha-like ridges characterize the Potomac River-Patuxent River upland and the west side of Chesapeake Bay. These ridges are streamlined erosional features, veneered with eolian sediment and interspersed with dunes in the low-relief headwaters of Potomac- and Patuxent-river tributaries. Axis data for the dunes and ridges indicate formation by WNW-NW winds. Optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon age data suggest dune formation from ??? 33-15??ka, agreeing with the 30-13??ka ages Denny, C.S., Owens, J.P., Sirkin, L., Rubin, M., 1979. The Parsonburg Sand in the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1067-B, 16??pp. suggested for eolian deposits east of Chesapeake Bay. Age range and paleowind direction(s) for eolian features in the Bay region approximate those for late Wisconsin loess in the North American midcontinent. Formation of midcontinent loess and Bay-region eolian features was coeval with rapid growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and strong cooling episodes (??18O minima) evident in Greenland ice cores. Age and paleowind-direction coincidence, for eolian features in the midcontinent and Bay region, indicates strong mid-latitude WNW-NW winds for several hundred kilometers south of the Laurentide glacial terminus that were oblique to previously simulated anticyclonic winds for the last glacial maximum.

The biology of mass extinction: a palaeontological view

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jablonski, D.; Raup, D. M. (Principal Investigator)

1989-01-01

Extinctions are not biologically random: certain taxa or functional/ecological groups are more extinction-prone than others. Analysis of molluscan survivorship patterns for the end-Cretaceous mass extinctions suggests that some traits that tend to confer extinction resistance during times of normal ('background') levels of extinction are ineffectual during mass extinction. For genera, high species-richness and possession of widespread individual species imparted extinction-resistance during background times but not during the mass extinction, when overall distribution of the genus was an important factor. Reanalysis of Hoffman's (1986) data (Neues Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 172, 219) on European bivalves, and preliminary analysis of a new northern European data set, reveals a similar change in survivorship rules, as do data scattered among other taxa and extinction events. Thus taxa and adaptations can be lost not because they were poorly adapted by the standards of the background processes that constitute the bulk of geological time, but because they lacked--or were not linked to--the organismic, species-level or clade-level traits favoured under mass-extinction conditions. Mass extinctions can break the hegemony of species-rich, well-adapted clades and thereby permit radiation of taxa that had previously been minor faunal elements; no net increase in the adaptation of the biota need ensue. Although some large-scale evolutionary trends transcend mass extinctions, post extinction evolutionary pathways are often channelled in directions not predictable from evolutionary patters during background times.

TouchTerrain: A simple web-tool for creating 3D-printable topographic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasiuk, Franciszek J.; Harding, Chris; Renner, Alex Raymond; Winer, Eliot

2017-12-01

An open-source web-application, TouchTerrain, was developed to simplify the production of 3D-printable terrain models. Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) using 3D Printers can change how geoscientists, students, and stakeholders interact with 3D data, with the potential to improve geoscience communication and environmental literacy. No other manufacturing technology can convert digital data into tangible objects quickly at relatively low cost; however, the expertise necessary to produce a 3D-printed terrain model can be a substantial burden: knowledge of geographical information systems, computer aided design (CAD) software, and 3D printers may all be required. Furthermore, printing models larger than the build volume of a 3D printer can pose further technical hurdles. The TouchTerrain web-application simplifies DDM for elevation data by generating digital 3D models customized for a specific 3D printer's capabilities. The only required user input is the selection of a region-of-interest using the provided web-application with a Google Maps-style interface. Publically available digital elevation data is processed via the Google Earth Engine API. To allow the manufacture of 3D terrain models larger than a 3D printer's build volume the selected area can be split into multiple tiles without third-party software. This application significantly reduces the time and effort required for a non-expert like an educator to obtain 3D terrain models for use in class. The web application is deployed at http://touchterrain.geol.iastate.edu/.

Lithium in Brachiopods - proxy for seawater evolution?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaspers, Natalie; Magna, Tomas; Tomasovych, Adam; Henkel, Daniela

2017-04-01

Marine biogenic carbonates have the potential to serve as a proxy for evolution of seawater chemistry. In order to compile a record of the past and recent δ7Li in the oceans, foraminifera shells, scleractinian corals and belemnites have been used. However, only a foraminifera-based record appears to more accurately reflect the Li isotope composition of ocean water. At present, this record is available for the Cenozoic with implications for major events during this period of time, including K/T event [1]. A record for the entire Phanerozoic has not yet been obtained. In order to extend this record to the more distant past, Li elemental/isotope systematics of brachiopods were investigated because these marine animals were already present in Early Cambrian oceans and because they are less sensitive to diagenesis-induced modifications due to their shell mineralogy (low-Mg calcite). The preliminary data indicates a species-, temperature- and salinity-independent behavior of Li isotopes in brachiopod shells. Also, no vital effects have been observed for different shell parts. The consistent offset of -4‰ relative to modern seawater is in accordance with experimental data [2]. Further data are now being collected for Cenozoic specimens to more rigorously test brachiopods as possible archives of past seawater in comparison to the existing foraminiferal records. [1] Misra & Froelich (2012) Science 335, 818-823 [2] Marriott et al. (2004) Chem Geol 212, 5-15

Application of remote sensing and geographical information system for generation of runoff curve number

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meshram, S. Gajbhiye; Sharma, S. K.; Tignath, S.

2017-07-01

Watershed is an ideal unit for planning and management of land and water resources (Gajbhiye et al., IEEE international conference on advances in technology and engineering (ICATE), Bombay, vol 1, issue 9, pp 23-25, 2013a; Gajbhiye et al., Appl Water Sci 4(1):51-61, 2014a; Gajbhiye et al., J Geol Soc India (SCI-IF 0.596) 84(2):192-196, 2014b). This study aims to generate the curve number, using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) and the effect of slope on curve number values. The study was carried out in Kanhaiya Nala watershed located in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh. Soil map, Land Use/Land cover and slope map were generated in GIS Environment. The CN parameter values corresponding to various soil, land cover, and land management conditions were selected from Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) standard table. Curve number (CN) is an index developed by the NRCS, to represent the potential for storm water runoff within a drainage area. The CN for a drainage basin is estimated using a combination of land use, soil, and antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC). In present study effect of slope on CN values were determined. The result showed that the CN unadjusted value are higher in comparison to CN adjusted with slope. Remote sensing and GIS is very reliable technique for the preparation of most of the input data required by the SCS curve number model.

Photovaporisation prostatique au laser chez les patients à haut risque hémorragique

PubMed Central

Bouabdallah, Zakaria; Kharbouchi, Amine; Colau, Alexandre; Cariou, Gerard

2013-01-01

Introduction Les patients sous traitement anticoagulant sont à risque élevé de saignement lors de la résection transurétrale de la prostate ou de l'adénomectomie par taille vésicale et ils se voient souvent récuser pour la chirurgie de l'hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate symptomatique. En Utilisant la photovaporisation de la prostate, les patients à haut risque peuvent subir en toute sécurité la chirurgie. Nous avons évalué l'innocuité et l'efficacité de la photovaporisation de la prostate (PVP) chez les patients sous anticoagulants en cours avec les dérivés de la coumarine, l'aspirine ou le clopidogrel, se plaignant de symptômes d'hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate. Méthodes Entre janvier 2009 et mai 2010, 47 hommes sous anticoagulation systémique ont subi une photovaporisation de la prostate. Les données ont été recueillies sur les caractéristiques démographiques, les comorbidités, les complications, la natrémie, l'hémoglobine, le débit urinaire maximal, le résidu post-mictionnel, l'IPSS et les complications. Résultats L'âge moyen était de 78 ans, le volume prostatique moyen était de 44g et le PSA était de 3.4ng/ml. Parmi les 10 patients (21.2%) étaient sous AVK, 27 (57.4%) étaient sous aspirine, 2 (4.2%) étaient sous clopidogrel, un sous fondaparinux et 6 (12.7%) étaient sous 2 anticoagulants ou plus. Le score ASA moyen était de 3. La durée moyenne de fonctionnement de l'appareil était de 38 minutes, l'énergie moyenne utilisée était de 200kJ. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 2 jours. Les complications survenant dans les 30 jours comprenaient une infection urinaire chez 5 patients (10.6%), une dysurie chez 4 patients et une hémorragie retardée chez 4 autres (8.5%). Un seul de ces patients a nécessité une transfusion sanguine et aucun patient n'a nécessité une réintervention. En 3 mois de suivi un seul patient a nécessité une incision du col vésical pour sclérose du col. Aucune incontinence

Rupture prématurée des membranes à terme: facteurs pronostiques et conséquences néonatales

PubMed Central

Yasmina, Asmama; Barakat, Amina

2017-01-01

durée allant de 5 à 10 jours avec une durée d'hospitalisation moyenne de 2,44jours. Ce travail souligne le risque important d'IMF associé à une RPM même à terme. Ce risque est d'autant plus important que la rupture est supérieure à 24 heures de temps. Dans la majorité des cas le liquide amniotique est clair et les nouveau-nés sont asymptomatiques à l'admission, ce qui laisse la mise sous antibiothérapie automatiquement de ces nouveau-nés un sujet encore très discutable. PMID:28451045

Supplémentation préconceptionnelle en acide folique / multivitamines pour la prévention primaire et secondaire des anomalies du tube neural et d'autres anomalies congénitales sensibles à l'acide folique.

PubMed

Wilson, R Douglas

2016-12-01

Offrir des renseignements à jour sur l'utilisation pré et postconceptionnelle d'acide folique par voie orale, avec ou sans supplément de multivitamines / micronutriments, aux fins de la prévention des anomalies du tube neural et d'autres anomalies congénitales. Ces renseignements aideront les médecins, les sages-femmes, les infirmières et les autres professionnels de la santé à contribuer aux efforts de sensibilisation des femmes quant à l'utilisation et aux posologies adéquates de la supplémentation en acide folique / multivitamines, avant et pendant la grossesse. RéSULTATS: La littérature publiée a été récupérée par l'intermédiaire de recherches menées dans PubMed, Medline, CINAHL et la Cochrane Library en janvier 2011 au moyen d'un vocabulaire contrôlé et de mots clés appropriés (p. ex. « folic acid », « prenatal multivitamins », « folate sensitive birth defects », « congenital anomaly risk reduction », « pre-conception counselling »). Les résultats ont été restreints aux analyses systématiques, aux études observationnelles et aux essais comparatifs randomisés / essais cliniques comparatifs publiés en anglais entre 1985 et juin 2014. Les recherches ont été mises à jour de façon régulière et intégrées à la directive clinique jusqu'en juin 2014. La littérature grise (non publiée) a été identifiée par l'intermédiaire de recherches menées dans les sites Web d'organismes s'intéressant à l'évaluation des technologies dans le domaine de la santé et d'organismes connexes, dans des collections de directives cliniques, dans des registres d'essais cliniques, et auprès de sociétés de spécialité médicale nationales et internationales. COûTS, RISQUES ET AVANTAGES: Les coûts financiers sont ceux de la supplémentation quotidienne en vitamines et de la consommation d'un régime alimentaire santé enrichi en folate. Les risques sont ceux qui sont liés à une association signalée entre la suppl

Potential For Stratospheric Ozone Depletion During Carboniferous

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bill, M.; Goldstein, A. H.

. This interpretation is coherent with higher productivity as a result of an increasing nutrient transfer from the continent to the ocean which occurs during cold and humid climates. We have estimated the effective amount of active chlorine and bromine released to the atmosphere by an increase of the paleobiological production needed to cause ozone depletion. This estimation indicates that the threshold for the onset of ozone strato- spheric depletion is reached if the current day natural source is increased by a factor 2. It is also likely that some of the major methyl halide loss processes such as hydolysis in the ocean and soil uptake were inhibited by lower temperatures, resulting in higher atmospheric concentrations. The increase of methyl halide, by biological sources and 1 the polar conditons in south pole, are compatible with a possible paleoozone layer depletion. Together ozone layer depletion with cold temperatures could be the factors which triggered the mid-Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) extinction. References: Bruckschen, P. ,Oesmann, S.., Veizer, J., 1999. Isotope stratigraphy of the European Carboneferous: Proxy signals for ocean chemistry, climate and tectonics, Chem. Geol., 161, 127-163. Falcon-Lang, H.J., 2000. Fire ecology of the Carbonifer- ous tropical zone, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 164, 355-371. Mii, H.S., Grossman, E.L., Yancey, T.E., 1999. Carboniferous isotope stratigraphies of North America: implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography and Mississippian glacia- tion, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 111, 960-973. 2

Correlation between the Palaeozoic structures from West Iberian and Grand Banks margins using inversion of magnetic anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, Elsa A.; Miranda, J. M.; Luis, J. F.; Galdeano, A.

2000-05-01

The Ibero-Armorican Arc (IAA) is a huge geological structure of Pre-Cambrian origin, tightened during hercynian times and deeply affected by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Biscay. Its remnants now lie in Iberia, north-western France and the Canadian Grand Banks margins. The qualitative correlation between these three blocks has been attempted by several authors (e.g. Lefort, J.P., 1980. Un 'Fit' structural de l'Atlantique Nord: arguments geologiques pour correler les marqueurs geophysiques reconnus sur les deux marges. Mar. Geol. 37, 355-369; Lefort, J.P., 1983. A new geophysical criterion to correlate the Acadian and Hercynian orogenies of Western Europe and Eastern America. Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. 158, 3-18; Galdeano, A., Miranda, J.M., Matte, P., Mouge, P., Rossignol, C., 1990. Aeromagnetic data: A tool for studying the Variscan arc of Western Europe and its correlation with transatlantic structures. Tectonophysics 177, 293-305) using magnetic anomalies, mainly because they seem to preserve the hercynian zonation, in spite of the strong thermal and mechanical processes that took place during rifting and ocean spreading. In this paper, we present a new contribution to the study of the IAA structure based on the processing of a compilation of magnetic data from Iberia and Grand Banks margins. To interpret the magnetic signature, a Fourier-domain-based inversion technique was applied, considering a layer with a constant thickness of 10 km, and taking into account only the induced field. The digital terrain model was derived from ETOPO5 (ETOPO5, 1986. Relief map of the earth's surface. EOS 67, 121) and TerrainBase (TerrainBase, 1995. In: Row III, L.W., Hastings, D.A., Dunbar, P.K. (Eds.), Worldwide Digital Terrain Data, Documentation Manual, CD-ROM Release 1.0. GEODAS-NGDC Key to Geophysical Records. Documentation N. 30, April) databases. The pseudo-susceptibility distribution obtained was repositioned for the 156.5 Ma epoch, using the Srivastava and

Early Mesozoic cooling from low temperature thermochronology in N Spain and N Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grobe, R.; Alvarez-Marrón, J.; Glasmacher, U. A.; Menéndez-Duarte, R.

2009-04-01

, Volume 94, Issue 2, pp.193-203. Ghorbal, B.; Bertotti, G.; Foeken, J.; Andriessen, P. (2008). Unexpected Jurassic to Neogene vertical movements in ‘stable' parts of NW Africa revealed by low temperature geochronology. Terra Nova, Volume 20, Number 5, October 2008 , pp. 355-363(9). Jourdan, F.; Marzoli, A.; Bertrand, H.; Cosca, M.; Fontignie, D. (2003). The Northernmost CAMP: 40Ar/39Ar Age, petrology and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the Kerforne Dike, Brittany, France. In: Hames, W.E., McHone, J.G., Renne, P.R., Ruppel, C. (Eds.), The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights From Fragments of Pangea. AGU, Geophys. Mon., vol. 136, pp. 209-226. Juez-Larré, J. (2003). Post Late Paleozoic tectonothermal evolution of the northeastern margin of Iberia, assessed by fission-track and (U-T)/He analysis: a case history from the Catalan Coastal Ranges. Ph.D. thesis, Free University of Amsterdam. 200 pp. Marzoli, A.; Renne, P.R.; Piccirillo, E.M.; Ernesto, M.; Bellieni, G.; De Min, A. (1999). Extensive 200-million-year-old continental food basalts of the Central Atlantic magmatic province. Science 284, 616-618. Pe-Piper, G.; Jansa, L.F.; Lambert, R.St.-J. (1992). Early Mesozoic magmatism of the Eastern Canadian margin. In: Puffer, J.H., Ragland, P.C. (Eds.), Eastern North American Mesozoic magmatism. Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Paper, vol. 268, pp. 13-36. Wilson, M. (1997). Thermal evolution of the Central Atlantic passive margins: continental break-up above a Mesozoic super-plume. J. Geol. Soc. (Lond.) 154, 491-495.

The ophiolite of the Eohellenic nappe in the island of Skyros, Greece: Geotectonic environment of formation and metamorphic conditions inferred by mineralogical and geochemical data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karkalis, Christos; Magganas, Andreas; Koutsovitis, Petros

2014-05-01

, the occurrence of rodingites and ophicalcites clearly point to interaction of the gabbroic rocks and serpentinites with hydrothermal fluids, which most probably took place during the stage of exhumation and tectonic emplacement. Ophicalcites contain serpentine, calcite, magnetite, as well as rare pyroxene and spinel. Rodingites on their behalf include hydroandradite (Alm0.00Adr61.33-67.43Grs28.25-35.18Prp0.10-2.49Sps0.00-0.33Uv0.41-2.75), vesuvianite (MgO=2.78-3.33 wt.%; TiO2=0.02-0.59 wt.%) diopside neoblasts (En48.53-49.89Wo47.56-48.10Fs2.32-3.33; Mg#=93.96-96.28), chlorite and also accessory prehnite. Some small-sized Cr-bearing hydrogarnet crystals (Cr2O3=10.34 wt.%) were most likely formed at the expense of spinel. The types of hydrogarnet and vesuvianite crystals are highly indicative for the involvement of subduction-related fluids during the formation of the rodingites [6]. References: [1] Jacobshagen & Wallbrecher 1984: Geol. Soc., London, Sp. Pub. 17, 591-602, [2] Pe-Piper 1991: Ofioliti, 16, 111 - 120, [3] Kamenetsky Sobolev, Joron & Semet 2001: J Petrol 42, 655-671, [4] Agrawal, Guevara & Verma 2008: Intern. Geol. Rev. 50, 1057-1079, [5] Pearce & Cann 1973: Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 19, 290-300, [6] Koutsovitis, Magganas, Pomonis & Ntaflos 2013. Lithos 172-173, 139-157.

The Eastern delta-fan deposits on the Granada Basin as tectonic indicators of the Sierra Nevada uplift (Betic Cordillera, South Spain)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roldán, Francisco Javier; Azañon, Jose Miguel; Mateos, Rosa Maria

2014-05-01

Sierra Nevada uplift and with original NE-SW normal left-lateral fault system associated with a compatible ESE-WNW normal fault system. The asymmetrical morphologies of the two delta-fan bodies confirm this configuration as tectonic induced deposits. References Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M. and Alcalá, B. (1990). Coral reefs in coarse-terrigenous sedimentary environments (Upper Tortonian, Granada Basin, southern Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 66, pp 135-150. Clark, S.J.P.and Dempster, T.J. (2009). The record of tectonic denudation and erosion in an emerging orogen: an apatite fission-track study of the Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 166, pp. 87-100. Dabrio, C.J., Fernández, J., Peña, J., Ruíz-Bustos, A. y Sanz de Galdeano, C. (1978). Rasgos sedimentarios de los conglomerados miocénicos del borde noreste de la Depresión de Granada. Estudios Geológicos, 34, pp 89-97. García-García, F., Fernández, J., Viseras, C. and Soria, J.M. (2006). Architecture and sedimentary facies evolution in a delta stack controlled by fault growth (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain, late Tortonian). Sedimentary Geology, 185, pp. 79-92. García-García, F., Viseras, C. and Fernández, J. (1999). Organización secuencial de abanicos deltaicos controlados por la tectónica (Tortoniense superior, cuenca de Granada, Cordillera Bética). Rev. Soc. Geol. España, 12 (2): 199-208.

Feldspar palaeo-isochrons from early Archaean TTGs: Pb-isotope evidence for a high U/Pb terrestrial Hadean crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamber, B. S.; Whitehouse, M. J.; Moorbath, S.; Collerson, K. D.

2001-12-01

the redetermined 176Lu decay constant of Scherer et al. [6] is correct. Our model of a stable basaltic Hadean shell for the pre-plate tectonic era explicitly refutes operation of processes such as sediment recycling or melting of hydrated material in subduction zones as far back as 4.4 Ga (as recently suggested by [7]; and [8]). Instead, we propose that initiation of terrestrial subduction occurred at ca. 3.75 Ga, at which stage most of the Hadean basaltic shell (and its differentiation products) was recycled into the mantle, because of the lack of a stabilising mantle lithosphere. We further argue that >3.75 Ga terrestrial rocks and minerals were not preserved by chance, but because of creation of a lithospheric mantle keel concommitant with intrusion of voluminous granitoids immediately after establishment of global subduction. In other words, the only portions of >3.75 Ga crust (basaltic and otherwise) that survived were those that were involved in voluminous arc magmatism along the earliest subduction zones. [1] Nutman A.P. et al. (1999). Contr. Min. Pet. 137, 364. [2] Moorbath S. et al. (1973). Nature 245, 138. [3] Kamber B. S. et al.. (2001). Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 190, 177. [4] Frei R. & Rosing M. T. (in press). Chem. Geol. [5] Amelin Y. et al. (2000). GCA 64, 4205. [6] Scherer E. et al (2001) Science 293, 683. [7] Wilde S. A. et al.(2001). Nature 409, 175. [8] Mojzsis S. J. (2001). Nature 409, 178.

Osmium Isotopic Composition of the Sumbar Cretaceous- Tertiary Boundary, Turkmenia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meisel, T.; Krahenbuhl, U.; Nazarov, M. A.

1992-07-01

., Barsukova L. D., Koselov G. M., Nizhegorodova I. V. and Amanniyazov K. N. (1988) The Cretaceous- Paleogene boundary in southern Turkmenia and its geochemical characteristics. Int. Geol. Rev. 30, 121-135. Esser B. K. and Turekian K. K. (1989) Osmium isotopic composition of the Raton Basin Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval. 70, 717. Kraehenbuehl U., Geissbuehler M., Buehler F. and Eberhardt P. (1988) The measurement of osmium isotopes in samples from a Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) section of the Raton Basin, USA. Meteoritics 23, 282. Lichte F. E., Wilson S. M., Brooks R. R., Reeves R. D., Holzbecher J. and Ryan D. E. (1986) New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale. Nature 322, 816-817. Luck J. M. and Turekian K. K. (1983) Osmium-^187/Osmium-^186 in manganese nodules and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Science 222, 613- 615. Turekian K. K. (1982) Potential of ^187Os/^186Os as a cosmic versus terrestrial indicator in high iridium layers of sedimentary strata. Geol. Bull. Am. Spec. Pap. 190, 243-249.

Gas Geochemistry of Volcanic and Geothermal Areas in the Kenya Rift: Implications for the Role of Fluids in Continental Rifting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, H.; Fischer, T. P.; Ranka, L. S.; Onguso, B.; Kanda, I.; Opiyo-Akech, N.; Sharp, Z. D.; Hilton, D. R.; Kattenhorn, S. A.; Muirhead, J.

2013-12-01

CH4 and H2, denoting their sources are reduced (oxygen-poor) magma chambers or hydrothermal systems. 40Ar/36Ar ratios (average of all samples=299.15) are similar to our air standard value (299.65×4.05), however, some volcanoes (~308.75) and springs (~321.96) have slightly higher ratios. The springs with elevated 40Ar imply that both the intra-rift (Lake Bogoria) and transverse (Lake Magadi) faults are possibly pathways to carry volatiles from deep sources to the surface. In future work, we will carry out wet chemistry and ion chromatography analyses of the NaOH solutions, measure 3He/4He ratios and complete C, N, and S isotope analyses to further constrain fluid sources and migration processes. [1] Fischer et al., 2009, Nature 459. [2] de Moor et al., 2013, EPSL 361. [3] Sawyer et al., 2008, G-cubed 9. [4] Tassi et al., 2009, G-cubed 10. [5] Barry et al., 2013, Chem Geol 339. [6] de Moor et al., 2013, Chem Geol 339.

The White Nile sedimentary system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garzanti, Eduardo; Andò, Sergio; Padoan, Marta; Resentini, Alberto; Vezzoli, Giovanni; Villa, Igor

2014-05-01

respectively from Archean gneisses of Uganda and Neoproterozoic basements of Ethiopia, become gradually homogenized and enriched in quartz, and remain finally unchanged down to Khartoum. This suggests massive sediment dumping in the Sudd and Machar Marshes, and explains why White Nile sediment contribution to the main Nile is negligible (Garzanti et al. 2006). REFERENCES Garzanti E., Andò S., Vezzoli G., Megid A.A.A., El Kammar A., 2006. Petrology of Nile River sands (Ethiopian and Sudan): sediment budgets and erosion patterns. EPSL 252:327-341. Garzanti E., Padoan M., Setti M., Peruta L., Najman Y., Villa I.M., 2013. Weathering geochemistry and Sr-Nd fingerprints of equatorial upper Nile and Congo muds. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 14:292-316. Garzanti E., Padoan M., Andò S., Resentini A., Vezzoli G., Lustrino M., 2013. Weathering and relative durability of detrital minerals in equatorial climate: sand petrology and geochemistry in the East African Rift. J.Geol. 121:547-580. Padoan M., Garzanti E., Harlavan Y., Villa I.M., 2011. Tracing Nile sediment sources by Sr and Nd isotope signatures (Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75:3627-3644. Shukri N.M., 1950. The mineralogy of some Nile sediments. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 105:511-534. Woodward J.C., Macklin M.G., Krom M.D., Williams M.A.J. 2007. The Nile: Evolution, quaternary river environments and material fluxes. In: Large Rivers, Avijit Gupta (Ed.), Wiley, 261-292.

Inclusion/lamella mineralogy and chemical characteristics of garnets from the Garnet Ridge in the Colorado Plateau, northern Arizona

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Y.; Ogasawara, Y.

2013-12-01

, oriented lamellae: (a) Rt + Cr-bearing titanates + Ol, (b) Rt + titanates + Px or Ol, (b, low Mg) Rt + Ilm + Amp + Chl. Groups (f) and (g): aggregate (f) and megacryst (g) are rich in Alm, Grs and Pyp; almost 1:1:1. The chemistries of the garnets fall into pyrope-grossular almandine by Dawson and Stephens (1975). Both garnets contain Cpx, Zrn, sulfides, and oriented Ap and Rt rods. Chl, Cpx, Rt and Ilm grains occur near grain boundaries of (f). A significant variation of hydroxyls was detected in the garnets from the Garnet Ridge (Ogasawara et al. 2012); hydroxyls in garnets (c, f, g) and (a, b), but no hydroxyls in garnet (d).Detected hydroxyls in the host garnet and in identified inclusion/lamella and their assemblages may lead to clarify the volatile environments of the metasomatic processes in peridotites and subducted materials underneath the Colorado Plateau. References Turkin, A.I., Sobolev, N.V. (2009) Russ. J. Geol. Geophys., 50, 1169-1182. Smith, D. et al. (2004) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, 4. Dawson, J. B., Stephens, W. E. (1975) J. Geol., 83, 589-607. Koga, I., Ogasawara, Y. (2012) AGU Fall Meeting, V43A-2824. Wang, L. et al., (1999) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 135, 164-178. Ogasawara, Y., Sakamaki, K. and Koga, I. (2012) AGU Fall Meeting, V43A-2821.

Petrography and Geochemistry of the Zamora Batholith in the south of the sub-Andean zone (Ecuador)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villares, F. M.

2013-05-01

The Zamora Batholith is an intrusive complex that is located in the extreme south-east of Ecuador. It has dimensions of 200 x 50 km approximately. It is mainly located in the Zamora Chinchipe province from which it takes its name. This study consisted in the petrographic and geochemical characterization of the Zamora Batholith in the area covered by 1: 50,000 geological maps of Centro Shaime, Guayzimi, Paquisha, Los Encuentros and El Pangui. Fieldwork was done by the "Proyecto Mapeo Geológico escala 1:50.000 (zonas prospectivas mineras)" of the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Geológico, Minero, Metalúrgico of Ecuador. This research was performed with 59 thin sections and 10 whole - rock chemical analysis done in the C.I.C of the Granada University. The Zamora Batholith intrudes Triassic to Jurassic volcanic rocks. It is overlaid by sandstones of the Hollin Formation of the Upper Aptian age and shale and limestone from the Napo Formation. Post-cretaceous deposits of ash and lava flows of andesitic to rhyolitic compositions cover the batholith. The petrography of the Zamora Batholith ranges from tonalite to monzogranite with the same qualitative mineralogy. The rocks are composed by different proportions of plagioclase, amphibole, feldspar K, quartz, biotite, opaque, pyroxene and epidote, as accessory minerals has zircon, sphene and apatite. To the south of the Conguime and Guayzimi towns, the dominant petrography is medium to coarse grained amphibole granodiorite with tonalitic and monzogranitic subordinates. To the north monzogranites are dominant rocks and subordinate granodiorites. To the East of Santa Elena the sienogranites are associated with El Hito porphyritic granite that intrudes to Zamora Batholith. Frequently the batholith has propylitic alteration; which produces a primary association of chlorite, epidote, calcite and pyrite. The granitoids have dioritic to granitic compositions (60.09 to 73.6 wt.% SiO2) and are I - type, medium to high-K calc

The late Variscan ferroan granite magmatism of southern Sardinia: inferences from Mo metallogenesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naitza, Stefano; Conte, Aida Maria; Cuccuru, Stefano; Fadda, Sandro; Fiori, Maddalena; Oggiano, Giacomo; Secchi, Francesco

2017-04-01

concentration processes. Mo concentration occurred during latest intrusive phases in granitic cupolas, as local subsolidus reactions. They involve: 1) leaching of Mo5+ and Mo6+ from their primary hosts (e.g., biotites) by Cl- and F-rich fluids under decreasing pH and increasing fH2O and fO2, and 2) transport of Mo cations towards intrusive contacts, where they quickly reacted with Sulphur from country rocks to be reduced as MoS2. Overall, the late Variscan Mo metallogenic peak in Sardinia is a single event located in a short timespan at around 290 Ma. In the early Permian extensional setting of Corsica-Sardinia batholith, a distinct HT/LP event related to melting of mantle lithosphere (Rossi et al., 2015), triggered partial melting of Mo-bearing deep crustal sources, producing the F-bearing ferroan magmas. The singular concentration of Mo-bearing granites could indicate a peculiar compositional character of the Sardinian lower crust. References: Conte A.M. et al. (2016). Proc. 2nd European Mineralogical Conference, Rimini, Italy, 154. Fadda et al. (2015). Proc. 13th Biennial SGA Meeting, Nancy, France, Vol. 2, 721-724. Frost, C. D. and Frost R. B. (2011). J. Petrol. 52, 39-53. Ishihara S. (1981). Econ. Geol., 75th Anniversary Volume, 458-484. Naitza S. et al. (2017). Ore Geol. Rev. 80, 1259-1278. Rossi et al. (2015). Bull. Soc. Géol. France 186, 171-192.

Bromine partitioning between olivine and melt at OIB source conditions: Indication for volatile recycling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joachim, Bastian; Ruzié, Lorraine; Burgess, Ray; Pawley, Alison; Clay, Patricia L.; Ballentine, Christopher J.

2016-04-01

ppb, respectively. The effect on the partitioning behaviour of other minerals such as pyroxene, mantle inhomogeneity, incongruent melting, a potential effect of iron, temperature, pressure or the presence of fluids, would be to shift the estimated bromine mantle source concentration to higher but not to lower values. Comparing our minimum bromine OIB source region estimate with the estimated primitive mantle bromine abundance (3.6 ppb; Lyubetskaya and Korenaga, 2007) implies that the OIB source mantle is enriched in bromine relative to the primitive mantle by at least a factor of 3 in EM1 source regions and a factor of 5.5 in EM2 source regions. One explanation is that bromine may be efficiently recycled into the OIB source mantle region through recycling of subducted oceanic crust. Dasgupta R, Hirschmann MM, Humayun, ND (2007) J. Petrol. 48, pp. 2093-2124. Davis FA, Hirschmann MM, Humayun M (2011) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 308, pp. 380-390. Johnson L, Burgess R, Turner G, Milledge JH, Harris JW (2000) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, pp. 717-732. Kendrick MA, Woodhead JD, Kamenetsky VS (2012) Geol. 32, pp. 441-444. Lyubetskaya T, Korenaga J (2007) J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Earth 112, B03211. Palme H, O'Neill HStC (2014). Cosmochemical Estimates of Mantle Composition. Treat. Geochem. 2nd edition, 3, pp. 1-39. Pyle DM, Mather TA (2009) Chem. Geol. 263, pp. 110-121.

Reactive transport modeling of ferroan dolomitization by seawater interaction with mafic igneous dikes and carbonate host rock at the Latemar platform, Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomme, Katreine; Fowler, Sarah Jane; Bachaud, Pierre

2017-04-01

share these benefits (e.g. [6]). Predicted alteration mineral assemblages are consistent with observations on dikes and with ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite genesis. The simulation results also show that fluid dolomitizing potential (Mg/Ca and Fe/Mg) increases during dissolution of igneous solid solution minerals. Enrichment in fluid Fe concentration is sufficient to stabilize ferroan replacement dolomite. Consistent with field observations, ferroan dolomite forms closest to dikes due to the abundance of Fe associated with the dikes. This leads to depletion of Fe in fluid flowing away from dikes and formation of non-ferroan replacement dolomite further afield. References S.K. Carmichael, J.M. Ferry, W.F. McDonough, Formation of replacement dolomite in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Northern Italy: Part 1. Field relations, mineralogy and geochemistry, Am. J. Sci. 308 (2008) 851-884. J.M. Ferry, B.H. Passey, C. Vasconcelos, J.M. Eiler, Formation of dolomite at 40 - 80 °C in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy, from clumped isotope thermometry, Geology. 39 (2011) 571-574. C. Jacquemyn, M. Huysmans, D. Hunt, G. Casini, R. Swennen, Multi-scale three-dimensional distribution of fracture- and igneous intrusion- controlled hydrothermal dolomite from digital outcrop model, Latemar platform, Dolomites, northern Italy, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 99 (2015) 957-984. C. Jacquemyn, H. El Desouky, D. Hunt, G. Casini, R. Swennen, Dolomitization of the Latemar platform: Fluid flow and dolomite evolution, Mar. Pet. Geol. 55 (2014) 43-67. L. Trenty, A. Michel, E. Tillier, Y. Le Gallo, A Sequential Splitting Strategy for CO2 Storage Modelling, in: ECMOR X - 10th Eur. Conf. Math. Oil Recover., 2006. T. Gabellone, F. Whitaker, Secular variations in seawater chemistry controlling dolomitisation in shallow reflux systems: Insights from reactive transport modelling, Sedimentology. 63 (2016) 1233-1259.

Magnitude of long-term non-lithostatic pressure variations in lithospheric processes: insight from thermo-mechanical subduction/collision models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerya, Taras

2014-05-01

confinement of the subduction/collision channel are the key factors controlling this magnitude (Burg and Gerya, 2005; Li et al., 2010). High-temperature (>700 C) UHP rocks formed by continental crust subduction typically demonstrate negligible non-lithostatic pressure variations at peak metamorphic conditions, although these variations can be larger at the prograde stage (Gerya et al., 2008; Li et al., 2010). However, the variability of tectonic mechanisms by which UHP rocks can form (e.g., Sizova et al., 2012; Hacker and Gerya, 2013) precludes generalization of this result for all types of UHP-complexes. References Burg, J.-P., Gerya, T.V. (2005) Viscous heating and thermal doming in orogenic metamorphism: numerical modeling and geological implications. J. Metamorph. Geol., 23, 75-95. Faccenda, M., Gerya, T.V., Burlini, L. (2009) Deep slab hydration induced by bending related variations in tectonic pressure. Nature Geoscience, 2, 790-793. Gerya T.V., Perchuk, L.L., Burg J.-P. (2008) Transient hot channels: perpetrating and regurgitating ultrahigh-pressure, high temperature crust-mantle associations in collision belts. Lithos, 103, 236-256. Hacker, B., Gerya, T.V. (2013) Paradigms, new and old, for ultrahigh-pressure tectonism. Tectonophysics, 603, 79-88. Li, Z., Gerya, T.V., Burg, J.P. (2010) Influence of tectonic overpressure on P-T paths of HP-UHP rocks in continental collision zones: Thermomechanical modelling. J. Metamorphic Geol., 28, 227-247. Sizova, E., Gerya, T., Brown M. (2012) Exhumation mechanisms of melt-bearing ultrahigh pressure crustal rocks during collision of spontaneously moving plates. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 927-955.

Une urgence médico-chirurgicale rare: l’abcès épidural rachidien (à propos de 03 cas)

PubMed Central

Saqui, Abderrazzak El; Aggouri, Mohamed; Benzagmout, Mohamed; Chakour, Khalid; Chaoui, Mohamed El Faiz

2017-01-01

Les infections de l’espace épidural sont de mieux en mieux connues grâce au développement de la neurochirurgie, notamment l’IRM. Les abcès épiduraux rachidiens représentent une pathologie rare mais éminemment grave sur le plan fonctionnel, avec un risque vital potentiel. Nous rapportons trois cas d’abcès épidural rachidien tous diagnostiqués chez des patients de sexe masculin, le premier âgé de 52 ans le deuxième de 57 ans et le troisième de 63ans. Deux patients ont été admis aux urgences neurochirurgicales pour un tableau de compression médullaire lente évoluant dans un contexte infectieux, et le dernier se plaignait d’une sciatique S1 droite rebelle au traitement avec des fuites urinaires. Aucune porte d’entrée n’a été identifiée dans le bilan initial. Tous les patients ont été opérés par voie d’abord postérieure avec décompression médullaire/radiculaire et évacuation de l’abcès épidural. L’étude bactériologique a trouvé un germe pyogène justifiant une antibiothérapie adaptée dans les trois cas. L’évolution a été favorable dans deux cas. Par contre un patient est décédé trois jours en post-opératoire par un sepsis sévère. PMID:28533868

Intoxications aigues aux organophosphores chez la femme enceinte

PubMed Central

Barhoumi, Mohamed Hafed; Bannour, Badra; Barhoumi, Tarek; Jouini, Rami; Marwene, Nadia; Fatnassi, Mohamed Ridha

2016-01-01

Les intoxications aiguës par les pesticides organophosphorés (OP) au cours de la grossesse sont des événements rares, peu décrites dans la littérature. A travers cette étude rétrospective, nous rapportons les résultats de sept cas d’ingestion suicidaire d’OP chez des femmes enceintes. Cette intoxication était le plus souvent grave. En effet, cinq des sept parturientes avaient un Glasgow initial < 9 et le POP score était ≥ 3 chez toutes les parturientes. Cinq patientes avaient nécessité une ventilation mécanique de durée moyenne de 3,4 jours. L’évolution était favorable pour toutes les patientes mais dans plus de la moitié des cas elle était défavorable pour le fœtus (mort fœtal in utéro). Deux mécanismes peuvent expliquer ces complications fœtales. Le premier est l’hypoxie fœtale associée ou non à un état de choc qui peuvent se traduire au niveau du RCF par une tachycardie ou des décélérations et aboutir ainsi à un décès in utero. Le deuxième mécanisme est le passage de ces pesticides à travers la barrière placentaire, ce qui pose un risque potentiel pour le fœtus par altération des systèmes enzymatiques des microsomes. PMID:28293343