How tension propagates for a driven semi-flexible chain while translocating through a nano-pore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adhikari, Ramesh; Bhattacharya, Aniket

2013-03-01

Driven translocation of a stiff chain through a nano-pore is studied using Langevin dynamics in two dimension (2D). We observe that for a given chain length N the mean first passage time (MFPT) < τ > increases for a stiffer chain and the translocation exponent α (< τ > ~Nα) satisfies the inequality 2 ν < α < 1 + ν , where ν is the equilibrium Flory exponent for a given chain stiffness. We calculate the residence time of the individual monomers and observe that the peak position of the residence time W (m) as a function of the monomer index m shifts at a lower m-value with increasing chain stiffness κb. Finally, we provide qualitative physical explanation for dependence of various quantities on chain stiffness κb by using ideas from Sakaue's tension propagation(TP) theory [Phys. Rev. E 76, 021803 (2007)] and its recent implementation into a Brownian dynamics tension propagation (BDTP) scheme for a finite chain by Ikonen et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 085101 (2012); Phys. Rev. E 85, 051803 (2012)]for a semi-flexible chain. Partially supported by UCF Office of Research and Commercialization & College of Science SEED grant.

Lateral ankle instability in high-demand athletes: reconstruction with fibular periosteal flap.

PubMed

Benazzo, Francesco; Zanon, Giacomo; Marullo, Matteo; Rossi, Stefano Marco Paolo

2013-09-01

Fibular periosteal flaps have been used to address chronic lateral ankle instability, but there are no studies in the literature reporting functional outcomes after this particular procedure in high-demand athletes. We postulated that for chronic instability, nonanatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligament with a fibular periosteal flap will return high-demand athletes to their previous levels of activity. Forty patients who had grade III ankle sprain and experienced no success after a course of supervised conservative management lasting at least six months and who had a preinjury Tegner score of ≥ 6 underwent a lateral compartment reconstruction with a fibular periosteal flap. Each patient was given the Tegner and Karlsson questionnaire and was evaluated by the Zwipp method, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at the six-month, one, two and three-year time points. Range of motion (ROM) of the affected ankle was assessed, and stress X-rays were performed. Mean patient age was 24.5 (range17-30) years, and no patient was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 36 (minimum 18) months, mean Tegner scores at the one, two and three-year time points were 8.8, 8.9 and 8.9, respectively, and mean Karlsson scores were 93 ± 5.2, 95 ± 3.1 and 94.9, respectively. AOFAS and FAOS scores improved from a mean of 69.4 and 71.4, respectively, in the preoperative group to a mean of 97.2 and 94.4, respectively, at the last follow-up. The ROM was equal to the contralateral ankle in all but two patients at the two-year follow-up. No major complications were found. Nonanatomical ligament reconstruction with a fibular periosteal flap for chronic lateral ankle instability was effective in returning high-demand athletes to their preinjury functional levels.

Determining Serpin Conformational Distributions with Single Molecule Fluorescence

PubMed Central

Mushero, Nicole; Gershenson, Anne

2012-01-01

Conformational plasticity is key to inhibitory serpin function, and this plasticity gives serpins relatively easy access to alternative, dysfunctional conformations. Thus, a given serpin population may contain both functional and dysfunctional proteins. Single molecule fluorescence (SMF), with its ability to interrogate one fluorescently labeled protein at a time, is a powerful method for elucidating conformational distributions and monitoring how these distributions change over time. SMF and related methods have been particularly valuable for characterizing serpin polymerization. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments have revealed a second lag phase during in vitro α1-antitrypsin polymerization associated with the formation of smaller oligomers that then condense to form longer polymers [Purkayastha, P., Klemke, J. W., Lavender, S., Oyola, R., Cooperman, B. S., and Gai, F. (2005). Alpha 1-antitrypsin polymerization: A fluorescence correlation spectroscopic study. Biochemistry 44, 2642–2649.]. SMF studies of in vitro neuroserpin polymerization have confirmed that a monomeric intermediate is required for polymer formation while providing a test of proposed polymerization mechanisms [Chiou, A., Hägglöf, P., Orte, A., Chen, A. Y., Dunne, P. D., Belorgey, D., Karlsson-Li, S., Lomas, D., and Klenerman, D. (2009)]. Probing neuroserpin polymerization and interaction with amyloid-beta peptides using single molecule fluorescence. Biophys. J. 97, 2306–2315.]. SMF has also been used to monitor protease–serpin interactions. Single pair Förster resonance energy transfer studies of covalent protease–serpin complexes suggest that the extent of protease structural disruption in the complex is protease dependent [Liu, L., Mushero, N., Hedstrom, L., and Gershenson, A. (2006). Conformational distributions of protease-serpin complexes: A partially translocated complex. Biochemistry 45, 10865–10872.]. SMF techniques are still evolving and the combination of

[Analysis on the long-term effects of modified double endobutton technique in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations].

PubMed

Yan, Rui-Jian; Lu, Jian-Wei; Zhang, Chun

2014-01-01

To investigate the long-term clinical effects of modified double Endobutton technique for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III. A retrospective study was done in 42 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III treated with modified double Endobutton technique from December 2008 to December 2010. There were 24 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 21 to 56 years old (averaged, 32.5 years old). All the patients were treated with open reduction, coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using double Endobutton technique, and repair of acromioclavicular ligament. The Karlsson system was used to evaluate therapeutic effects. The distance from coracoid to clavicle was measured to evaluate reduction loss. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 years (averaged,2.4 years). According to Karlsson system, 32 patients got an A degree and 10 patients got a B degree at three months post-operatively; 26 patients got an A degree and 16 patients got a B degree at the latest follow-up; 6 patients got an A degree at 3 months after operation lowered to B degree at the latest follow-up. The coracoid-clavicle distance increased from (26.91 +/- 0.91) mm at 3 months after operation to (27.41 +/- 1.10) mm at the latest follow-up. Te patients treated with over-reduction during operation or with heavy physical labour work after operation had obvious widened coracoid-clavicle distance. Bone absorption was found around the plate in most cases, mainly in the clavicular side. Treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III with modified double Endobutton technique has satisfactory early clinical results. But with time passing, loss of reduction and bone absorption around the plate could be observed, and clinical outcomes of some cases downgrade during the long-term follow-up.

[Double Endobutto reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament combined with repairing acromioclavicular ligament at stage I for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V].

PubMed

Hu, Wen-yue; Yu, Chong; Huang, Zhong-ming; Han, Lei

2015-06-01

To explore clinical efficacy of double Endobutto reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament combined with repairing acromioclavicular ligament in stage I in treating acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V . From January 2010 to September 2013, 56 patients with Rockwood type III - V acromioclavicular dislocation were treated by operation, including 20 males and 36 femlaes, aged from 32 to 52 years old with an average of 38.5 years old. Twenty-five patients were on the left side and 31 cases on the right side. The time from injury to operation was from 3 to 14 days, averaged 7 days. All patients were diagnosed as acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V, and double Endobutto were used to reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament, line metal anchors were applied for repairing acromioclavicular ligament. Postoperative complications were observed, Karlsson and Constant-Murley evaluation standard were used to evaluate clinical effects. All patients were followed up from 8 to 24 months with average of 11 months. According to Karlsson evaluation standard at 6 months after operation,42 cases were grade A, 13 were grade B and 1 was grade C. Constant-Murley score were improved from (42.80±5.43) before operation to (91.75±4.27) at 6 months after operation. All items at 6 months after operation were better than that of preoperative items. Forty-eight patients got excellent results, 7 were moderate and only 1 with bad result. No shoulder joint adhesion, screw loosening or breakage were occurred during following up. Double Endobutto reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament combined with repairing acromioclavicular ligament in stage I for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V could obtain early staisfied clinical effects, and benefit for early recovery of shoulder joint function.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability with ligamentum bifurcatum injury

PubMed Central

Sun, Yaning; Wang, Huijuan; Tang, Yuchao; Qin, Shiji; Zhao, Mingming; Zhang, Fengqi

2018-01-01

Abstract This study aimed to report our institution's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) with ligamentum bifurcatum (LB) injury. This retrospective study included 218 consecutive patients with CLAI who underwent surgery from January 2012 to December 2015. The 218 patients received tendon allograft reconstruction of the lateral ligament. CLAI was combined with LB injury in 51.4% (112/218) of patients. The 112 patients with concurrent LB injury had this treated simultaneously; 36 patients underwent excision of the anterior process of the calcaneus, 68 underwent LB repair, and 8 underwent LB reconstruction. Patients returned for a clinical and radiologic follow-up evaluation at an average of 31 (range, 24–35) months postoperatively. Outcomes were assessed by comparison of pre- and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, visual analog scale pain scores, Karlsson scores, and radiographic assessment. Of the patients with concurrent LB injury, 82.1% (92/112) returned for final evaluation. Postoperatively, most patients recovered very well. However, the outcome was not ideal in those who underwent excision of the anterior process of the calcaneus; there were significant postoperative decreases in talar tilt (P < .05) and anterior drawer (P < .05), but there was no significant postoperative improvement in visual analog scale pain score and AOFAS score. Patients who underwent LB repair or reconstruction had an excellent or good outcome regarding patient subjective self-assessment, pain scores, Karlsson scores, and AOFAS scores at final follow-up. Patients with CLAI often have concurrent LB injury. The diagnosis of LB injury can be missed or delayed. Clinicians should closely examine the LB in cases of CLAI, and should surgically repair or reconstruct the LB when necessary. PMID:29489650

A prospective outcome and cost-effectiveness comparison between two ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors for chronic ankle instability.

PubMed

Cho, Byung-Ki; Kim, Yong-Min; Park, Kyoung-Jin; Park, Ji-Kang; Kim, Do-Kyoon

2015-02-01

There are various ligament reattachment techniques for the modified Brostrom procedure. There have been few comparative studies on recently developed techniques. This prospective study was performed to compare the functional outcomes of 2 different ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors. We furthermore evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the suture bridge technique. Forty-five amateur athletes under 30 years of age were followed for more than 2 years. Twenty-four procedures with the suture anchor technique and 21 procedures with the suture bridge technique were performed by one surgeon. The functional evaluation consisted of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Karlsson score, Sefton grading system, and the period to return to various forms of exercise (jogging, spurt running, jumping, one leg standing for >1 minute, walking on uneven ground, and going down stairs). Measurement of talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation was obtained from stress radiographs to evaluate mechanical stability. There were no significant differences on AOFAS score, FAOS, Karlsson score, Sefton grade, and stress radiographs. There were no significant differences on the return to exercises, except for jumping. As the most common complication, there were 3 cases of skin irritation by suture materials in the suture anchor group and 2 cases of intraoperative breakage of the suture anchor in suture bridge group. Both ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors showed similar functional outcomes. Considering the additional medical expenses incurred by more suture anchors, the modified Brostrom procedure using the suture bridge technique had low cost-effectiveness. Proper indication and clinical usefulness of suture bridge technique for chronic ankle instability will be addressed in further studies. Level II, prospective comparative study. © The Author(s) 2014.

Anatomical reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability in the high-demand athlete: functional outcomes after the modified Broström repair using suture anchors.

PubMed

Li, Xinning; Killie, Heather; Guerrero, Patrick; Busconi, Brian D

2009-03-01

Modification of the Bröstrom repair with suture anchors has been used to address chronic lateral ankle instability. However, there are few studies in the literature reporting the functional outcomes after this particular procedure in the high-demand athlete. Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments for chronic instability will return the high-demand athlete functionally to his or her previous level of activity. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Sixty-two patients who had grade III ankle sprain that failed at least a 6-month course of supervised conservative management with a preinjury Tegner score of > or = 6 underwent a variant of the Gould-modified Broström procedure with suture anchors for lateral ankle instability. Each patient was given the Tegner and Karlsson questionnaire at the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year time points. Range of motion of the operative ankle was also assessed. The mean age was 19.6 years (range, 16-26 years), and 10 patients were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up was 29 months (minimum, 24 months) in the remaining 52 patients (84%). Mean Tegner scores at the 1- and 2-year time points were 8.2 (range, 5-9) and 8.6 (range, 5-9), respectively. The mean Karlsson scores were 92 +/- 5.2 and 95 +/- 3.1 at the 1- and 2-year time points, respectively. Range of motion was equal to the contralateral ankle in all but 3 patients at the 2-year follow up. A 6% major complication rate included 3 reruptures. Anatomical ligament reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability using a variant of the Gould-modified Broström procedure with suture anchors was effective in returning high-demand athletes to their preinjury functional level.

Physical association and periodicity in quasar families with SDSS and 2MRS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fulton, C. C.; Arp, H. C.; Hartnett, J. G.

2018-07-01

We have used the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7) and the 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) Redshift Survey (2MRS) Ks ≤11.75 mag data release to test for physical association of candidate companion quasars with putative parent galaxies by virtue of Karlsson periodicity in quasar redshifts. We conducted this analysis using the quasar family detection algorithm described in Fulton and Arp (Astrophys. J. 754:134, 2012) and used therein to analyze the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) and the 2dF Quasar Redshift Survey (2QZ). The SDSS and 2MRS data sets confirm the 2dF results and allow us to examine additional object behaviors also at high significance.

Chronic lateral ankle instability surgical repairs: the long term prospective.

PubMed

Mabit, C; Tourné, Y; Besse, J-L; Bonnel, F; Toullec, E; Giraud, F; Proust, J; Khiami, F; Chaussard, C; Genty, C

2010-06-01

The present study sought to assess the clinical and radiological results and long-term joint impact of different techniques of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. A multicenter retrospective review was performed on 310 lateral ankle ligament reconstructions, with a mean 13-year-follow-up (minimum FU: 5 years). Male subjects (53%) and sports trauma (78%) predominated. Mean duration of instability was 92 months; mean age at surgery was 28 years. Twenty-eight percent of cases showed subtalar joint involvement. Four classes of surgical technique were distinguished: C1, direct capsular ligamentous complex reattachment; C2, augmented repair; C3, ligamentoplasty using part of the peroneus brevis tendon and C4, ligamentoplasty using the whole peroneus brevis tendon. Clinical and functional assessment used Karlsson and Good-Jones-Livingstone scores; radiologic assessment combined centered AP and lateral views, hindfoot weight-bearing Méary views and dynamic views (manual technique, Telos or self-imposed varus). The majority of results (92%) were satisfactory. The mean Karlsson score of 90 [19-100] (i.e., 87% good and very good results) correlated with the subjective assessment, and did not evolve over time. Postoperative complications (20%), particularly when neurologic, were associated with poorer results. Control X-ray confirmed the very minor progression in degenerative changes, with improved stability; there was, however, no correlation between functional result and residual laxity on X-ray. Unstable and painful ankles showed poorer clinical results and more secondary osteoarthritis. Analysis by class of technique found poorer results in C4-type plasties and poorer control of laxity on X-ray in C1-type tension restoration. The present results confirm the interest of lateral ankle ligamentoplasty in the management of instability and protection against secondary osteoarthritis, and of precise lesion assessment (CT-scan/MRI) to adapt surgery to the ligamentary and

Creative and algorithmic mathematical reasoning: effects of transfer-appropriate processing and effortful struggle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jonsson, Bert; Kulaksiz, Yagmur C.; Lithner, Johan

2016-11-01

Two separate studies, Jonsson et al. (J. Math Behav. 2014;36: 20-32) and Karlsson Wirebring et al. (Trends Neurosci Educ. 2015;4(1-2):6-14), showed that learning mathematics using creative mathematical reasoning and constructing their own solution methods can be more efficient than if students use algorithmic reasoning and are given the solution procedures. It was argued that effortful struggle was the key that explained this difference. It was also argued that the results could not be explained by the effects of transfer-appropriate processing, although this was not empirically investigated. This study evaluated the hypotheses of transfer-appropriate processing and effortful struggle in relation to the specific characteristics associated with algorithmic reasoning task and creative mathematical reasoning task. In a between-subjects design, upper-secondary students were matched according to their working memory capacity.

A comparison of the "All-Inside" arthroscopic Broström procedure with the traditional open modified Broström-Gould technique: A review of 62 patients.

PubMed

Rigby, Ryan B; Cottom, James M

2018-02-05

The open Broström-Gould lateral ankle stabilization procedure has been the gold standard for primary lateral ankle stabilization. A new minimally invasive all-inside arthroscopic technique has been described for the correction of lateral ankle instability. We performed a review of patients who underwent lateral ankle stabilization by either the traditional open Broström-Gould (BG) or the All-Inside Bröstrom (AIB) technique to compare and identify any discrepancies between functional and/or patient satisfaction outcomes. A total of 62 patients underwent a lateral ankle stabilization. Of those 62 patients, 32 received a traditional open Broström-Gould procedure and 30 patients underwent an All-Inside Bröstrom type procedure. The two groups were compared preoperatively with AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scoring system and Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain. Postoperatively, AOFAS, Karlsson Peterson and VAS scores were compared. The mean preoperative VAS pain score for the open Broström-Gould was 7.28, the All-Inside Broström was 8.18. The mean postoperative VAS pain score for the open Broström-Gould was 1.2, the All-Inside Broström was 1.5. The mean preoperative AOFAS score for the Broström-Gould was 35.44, the All-Inside Broström was 35.07. The mean postoperative AOFAS score for the open Broström-Gould was 93.53, the All-Inside Broström was 95.33. The mean postoperative Karlsson Peterson score for the open Broström-Gould was 93.41, the All-Inside Broström was 91.80. The mean time to weight bearing for the Broström-Gould was 22 days, the All-Inside Broström was 12 days. There were no statistically significant differences identified in any of the functional or patient satisfaction outcome scores using either technique. This review suggests the minimally invasive arthroscopic technique using bone anchors for lateral ankle stabilization may be comparable to the traditional open Broström-Gould with the added advantage of earlier time to weight bearing. Copyright

[COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS BETWEEN TWO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES OF CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOR TREATMENT OF Tossy TYPE III ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATION].

PubMed

Tang, Hongwei; Gao, Sheng; Yin, Yong; Li, Yunfei; Han, Qingtian; Li, Huizhang

2015-11-01

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of double Endobutton technique and suture anchor combined Endobutton plate in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Between May 2010 and March 2014, a retrospective study was preformed on 56 patients with Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The coracoclavicular ligament was reconstructed with double Endobutton technique in 31 cases (Endobutton group), and with suture anchor combined Endobutton plate in 25 cases (Anchor group). There was no significant difference in age, gender, injury causes, injury side, associated injury, medical comorbidities, and disease duration between 2 groups (P>0.05). The operation time, medical device expenses, postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative Constant-Murley scores, and postoperative Karlsson grading of the injured shoulder were compared between 2 groups. The average operation time in Endobutton group was significantly greater than that in Anchor group (t = 4.285, P = 0.000); there was no significant difference in the medical device expenses between 2 groups (t = 1.555, P = 0.126). Primary healing of incision was obtained in all patients of 2 groups; no early complications of infection and skin necrosis occurred. All patients were followed up 15.6 months on average (range, 11-35 months). During follow-up, some loss of reduction and ectopic ossification in the coracoclavicular gap were observed in 1 case and 6 cases of Endobutton group, respectively. No recurrence of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, implant fixation loosening and broken, and secondary fractures occurred in the other patients. There was significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between 2 groups (P = 0.013). Constant-Murley scores of the injured shoulder significantly increased at 9 months after operation when compared with preoperative values in 2 groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between 2 groups

A retrospective comparative study of arthroscopic fixation in acute Rockwood type IV acromioclavicular joint dislocation: single versus double paired Endobutton technique.

PubMed

Xu, Jian; Liu, Haifeng; Lu, Wei; Li, Dingfu; Zhu, Weimin; Ouyang, Kan; Wu, Bing; Peng, Liangquan; Wang, Daping

2018-05-24

Rockwood type IV acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a trauma usually needs surgical treatment. Paired EndoButton technique (PET) is used in treating such condition. However, the effect of using different types of PET (single versus double PET) for fixation remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of single and double PET and to provide a suitable option for the surgeons. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with acute Rockwood type IV ACJ dislocation who had undergone arthroscopic fixation using single or double PET fixation between March 2009 and March 2015. Seventy-eight consecutive patients identified from chart review were picked and were divided into the single and double PET group with 39 cases in each group. The indexes of visual analog scale score (VAS) for pain, the radiographs of the affected shoulder at different time points of the follow-up, the time of return to activities and sports, the constant functional score, and the Karlsson acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) score, were assessed in a minimum of 2 years postoperation. The average coracoclavicular (CC) and acromioclavicular (AC) distances of the affected joints in the double PET group were significantly smaller than those of the single PET group 2 years postoperation (P < 0.05). The average AC and CC distances in the healthy shoulder joints were significantly smaller than those of the affected joints in the single PET group (P < 0.05); however, these values were not significantly different from those of the affected joints in the double PET group (P > 0.05). The mean VAS pain score was not significantly different, while significant difference was found for the number and times of cases return to activities and sports, constant functional score, and Karlsson ACJ score (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Therefore, the double PET group has better outcome than the single PET group. Complications including redislocation, button

Comparison of the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability With and Without Subfibular Ossicle.

PubMed

Ahn, Hyeon-Wook; Lee, Keun-Bae

2016-12-01

Subfibular ossicles are frequently found in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). However, there is a lack of consensus about the optimal surgical treatment for CLAI with subfibular ossicle. To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the modified Broström procedure with subfibular ossicle excision compared with the same procedure for CLAI without subfibular ossicle. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Ninety-six patients (96 ankles) treated with the modified Broström procedure using bone tunnel and suture anchor techniques for CLAI constituted the study cohort. The 96 ankles were divided into 2 groups with and without subfibular ossicles. The ossicle group (42 ankles) and nonossicle group (54 ankles) consisted of patients with a mean age of 26.6 and 30.3 years, respectively, at the time of surgery with a mean follow-up duration of 63.7 and 62.1 months, respectively. Subfibular ossicles were excised in the ossicle group. Mean Karlsson scores improved from 55.2 to 95.3 in the ossicle group and from 56.4 to 94.8 in the nonossicle group at final follow-up. Mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores also improved from 63.3 to 95.9 in the ossicle group and from 62.8 to 95.1 in the nonossicle group at final follow-up. Mean talar tilt angles were 14.0° in the ossicle group and 12.2° in the nonossicle group preoperatively and 7.6° and 6.8° at the final follow-up, respectively. Mean anterior talar translations in the ossicle group and nonossicle groups improved from 9.3 and 9.4 mm preoperatively to 5.8 and 5.7 mm at final follow-up, respectively. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of Karlsson score, AOFAS score, talar tilt angle, and anterior talar translation at final follow-up (P > .05). The modified Broström procedure with subfibular ossicle excision provided similarly good clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with the same procedure without subfibular ossicle

Normal Auger spectra of iodine in gas phase alkali iodide molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Zhengfa; Caló, Antonio; Kukk, Edwin; Aksela, Helena; Aksela, Seppo

2005-06-01

Molecular normal Auger electron spectra following the iodine 4d ionization in gas-phase alkali iodides were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The Auger electron spectra for LiI, NaI and KI were recorded using electron impact, and for RbI by using photo-excitation. These Auger spectra were analyzed in detail and compared to the referenced normal Auger spectra of HI [L. Karlsson, S. Svensson, P. Baltzer, M. Carlsson-Göthe, M.P. Keane, A. Naves de Brito, N. Correia, B. Wannberg, J. Phys. B 22 (1989) 3001]. An energy shift toward higher kinetic energy and a narrowing in linewidth are observed in the Auger spectra series revealing the effect of the changing environment from covalently bonded HI to ionic alkali iodide compounds. The experimental results are also compared with the theoretical ab initio calculations and with the Auger spectra of I -, computed with the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method.

Study of the structure of concrete with C-14-PMMA method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muuri, E.; Tikkanen, O.; Ikonen, J.; Siitari-Kauppi, M.; Autio, M.

2017-12-01

Cement is used widely in the construction industry and, additionally, in the waste management industry for the stabilization of hazardous materials because of its capacity for both physical and chemical immobilization of contaminants. Cementitious materials have also been suggested as the backfilling materials, for example, in deep geological repositories for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. As a result, it is necessary to study the structure of the materials in different conditions. In this study, the structure of concrete was studied with the polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) method in samples from the construction industry. The spatial distribution of porosity was characterized using this autoradiography method that involves the impregnation of a dried rock sample of hand specimen size with 14C-labelled methyl methacrylate (MMA) in vacuum, thermally initiated polymerization, film and digital autoradiography, and porosity calculation routines relying on digital image processing techniques [1]. Three main components are clearly visible on the PMMA autoradiographs of the studied concrete samples, because of their contrasted porosity (Fig 1.). Ground matrix cement shows even porosity; 27.0±4.7 %. The other two phases are mineral grains and bubbles, which are classified into four categories against their size and quantity. Fig 1. The scanned surface of the concrete sample (left) and the corresponding autoradiograph (right), where the darkest areas are caused by larger activity, and thus, larger porosity. The exposure time used for the autoradiogram was three days. J. Sammaljärvi, L. Jokelainen, J. Ikonen, M. Siitari-Kauppi, Eng. Geol. 135-136, 52-59 (2012).

[Complications of treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation and unstable distal clavicular fracture with clavicular hook plate].

PubMed

Zhu, Yi-Yong; Cui, Heng-Yan; Jiang, Pan-Qiang; Wang, Jian-Liang

2013-11-01

To investigate the causes and prevention of the complications about treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) with clavicular hook plate. From January 2001 to December 2011, 246 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and 222 patients with unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) were treated with acromioclvicular hook plate fixation,including 348 males and 120 females with an average age of 45.4 years old ranging from 21 to 80 years old. The mean time from injury to operation was 30.8 hours (ranged from 1 h to 15 d). All patients had normal shoulder function before injury. According to Karlsson evaluation standard, the cases with excellent and good function of the shoulder joint were regarded as the normal group, and the cases with poor function of shoulder joint as the abnormal group. The comparison of the range of forward flexion,backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups was performed. The data of impingement, subacromial osteolysis, acromioclavicular arthritis, clavicular stress fracture, downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, hook cut-out and hook break were summarized. All patients were followed up from 8 to 48 months with an average of 12.5 months. The results were excellent in 308 cases,good in 76,and poor in 84 according to Karlsson evaluation. The excellent and good rate was 82.1%. The difference of the range of forward flexion, backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Among 84 poor cases, there were 41 (8.76%) in acromial impingement or inadequate place of plate hook, 12 (2.56%) with subacromial osteolysis or/and bursitis, 10 (2.14%) with acromioclavicular arthritis or painful shoulder caused by delayed dirigation,7 (1.50%) with clavicular stress fracture or interal plate upward, 6 (1.28%) with

Percutaneous lateral ligament reconstruction with allograft for chronic lateral ankle instability.

PubMed

Youn, Hyunkook; Kim, Yong Sang; Lee, Jongseok; Choi, Woo Jin; Lee, Jin Woo

2012-02-01

The majority of lateral ankle instability can be treated successfully with conservative method. However, if such treatments fail, surgical treatment should be considered. A wide variety of procedures have been introduced to treat chronic lateral ankle instability. The percutaneous method avoids dissection which is associated with open surgery and can lead to excessive morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of percutaneous lateral ligament reconstruction with an allograft in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. Between October 2006 and April 2009, percutaneous lateral ligament reconstruction using an allograft was performed on 15 ankles in 13 patients for chronic lateral ankle instability. The patients included in this study satisfied at least one of the following criteria: a previously failed reconstruction of the ligament, severe ankle instability (more than 15 degrees of talar tilt, more than 10 mm of anterior drawer), general laxity of ligaments, body mass index (BMI) higher than 25. The mean followup period was 18.1 (range, 12 to 40) months. The grafted tendon was secured by double tenodeses at both the talus and calcaneus or triple tenodeses which included a fibular tenodesis. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Karlsson-Peterson ankle score, and patients' subjective satisfaction. The radiological results were evaluated using the varus tilting angle and the anterior displacement distance. The VAS improved from preoperative 3.7 ±2.2 to 1.6 ±1.3 at the last followup (p = 0.002). The Karlsson-Peterson ankle score increased from 54.2 ±8.8 to 80.9 ±7.2 (p = 0.001). Patients were satisfied in 13 cases (86.7%) with excellent or good results. Radiologically, the mean varus tilting angle was 15.5 ±4.4 degrees preoperatively and 7.3 ±3.6 at the last followup (p = 0.001). The anterior drawer distance was 10.1 ±3.3 mm preoperatively and 7.2 ±2.7 mm at

Working Memory in 8 Kleine-Levin Syndrome Patients: An fMRI Study

PubMed Central

Engstrom, Maria; Vigren, Patrick; Karlsson, Thomas; Landtblom, Anne-Marie

2009-01-01

Study Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate possible neuropathology behind the Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS), a severe form of hypersomnia with onset during adolescence. Design: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) applying a verbal working memory task was used in conjunction with a paper-and-pencil version of the task. Participants: Eight patients with KLS and 12 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Results: The results revealed a pattern of increased thalamic activity and reduced frontal activity (involving the anterior cingulate and adjacent prefrontal cortex) while performing a reading span task. Discussion: This finding may explain the clinical symptoms observed in KLS, in that the thalamus is known to be involved in the control of sleep. Given the increasing access to fMRI, this investigation may aid clinicians in the diagnosis of patients suffering from severe forms of hypersomnia. Citation: Engström M; Vigren P; Karlsson T; Landtblom AM. Working memory in 8 kleine-levin syndrome patients: an fmri study. SLEEP 2009;32(5):681–688. PMID:19480235

First Calderón Prize

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rundell, William; Somersalo, Erkki

2008-07-01

The Inverse Problems International Association (IPIA) awarded the first Calderón Prize to Matti Lassas for his outstanding contributions to the field of inverse problems, especially in geometric inverse problems. The Calderón Prize is given to a researcher under the age of 40 who has made distinguished contributions to the field of inverse problems broadly defined. The first Calderón Prize Committee consisted of Professors Adrian Nachman, Lassi Päivärinta, William Rundell (chair), and Michael Vogelius. William Rundell For the Calderón Prize Committee Prize ceremony The ceremony awarding the Calderón Prize. Matti Lassas is on the left. He and William Rundell are on the right. Photos by P Stefanov. Brief Biography of Matti Lassas Matti Lassas was born in 1969 in Helsinki, Finland, and studied at the University of Helsinki. He finished his Master's studies in 1992 in three years and earned his PhD in 1996. His PhD thesis, written under the supervision of Professor Erkki Somersalo was entitled `Non-selfadjoint inverse spectral problems and their applications to random bodies'. Already in his thesis, Matti demonstrated a remarkable command of different fields of mathematics, bringing together the spectral theory of operators, geometry of Riemannian surfaces, Maxwell's equations and stochastic analysis. He has continued to develop all of these branches in the framework of inverse problems, the most remarkable results perhaps being in the field of differential geometry and inverse problems. Matti has always been a very generous researcher, sharing his ideas with his numerous collaborators. He has authored over sixty scientific articles, among which a monograph on inverse boundary spectral problems with Alexander Kachalov and Yaroslav Kurylev and over forty articles in peer reviewed journals of the highest standards. To get an idea of the wide range of Matti's interests, it is enough to say that he also has three US patents on medical imaging applications. Matti is

Accelerated Versus Traditional Rehabilitation After Anterior Talofibular Ligament Reconstruction for Chronic Lateral Instability of the Ankle in Athletes.

PubMed

Miyamoto, Wataru; Takao, Masato; Yamada, Kazuaki; Matsushita, Takashi

2014-06-01

Although several reconstruction procedures for chronic lateral ankle instability using autografts have been reported, all have recommended postoperative immobilization and a nonweightbearing period. Reconstructive surgery with a gracilis autograft using an interference fit anchoring system for chronic lateral ankle instability enables early accelerated rehabilitation and recovery with a return to activity without requiring immobilization. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. A total of 33 patients (33 feet) who underwent reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament with a gracilis autograft using interference screws were included; 15 were followed for 4 weeks with postoperative cast immobilization (group I), while 18 were followed with accelerated rehabilitation without immobilization (group A). Clinical and radiological results were evaluated based on the Karlsson and Peterson score, talar tilt angle, anterior displacement of the talus on stress radiography, and time between surgery and return to full athletic activity. The mean Karlsson and Peterson scores before and 2 years after surgery were the following: for group I: 62.3 ± 4.7 (range, 54-72) and 94.4 ± 7.1 (range, 76-100), respectively (P < .001), and for group A: 64.1 ± 4.8 (range, 57-70) and 91.7 ± 7.7 (range, 74-100), respectively (P < .001). The mean difference in the talar tilt angle compared with the contralateral side and mean displacement of the talus on stress radiography before and 2 years after surgery were the following: for group I: 8.7° ± 2.6° and 7.7 ± 1.8 mm and 3.8° ± 1.5° and 4.0 ± 1.6 mm, respectively, and for group A: 10.5° ± 3.4° and 8.7 ± 2.1 mm and 4.3° ± 1.8° and 4.3 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. Radiography revealed significantly improved postoperative outcomes in both groups (P < .0001). No significant differences in the score and any parameters on stress radiography were evident at 2 years after surgery between the groups. The mean time between surgery and

Zeolite Formation and Weathering Processes Within the Martian Regolith: An Antarctic Analog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gibson, E. K.; McKay, D. S.; Wentworth, S. J.; Socki, R. A.

2003-01-01

As more information is obtained about the nature of the surface compositions and processes operating on Mars, it is clear that significant erosional and depositional features are present on the surface. Apparent aqueous or other fluid activity on Mars has produced many of the erosional and outflow features observed. Evidence of aqueous activity on Mars has been reported by earlier studies. Gooding and colleagues championed the cause of pre-terrestrial aqueous alteration processes recorded in Martian meteorites. Oxygen isotope studies on Martian meteorites by Karlsson et al. and Romenek et al. gave evidence for two separate water reservoirs on Mars. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the host silicate minerals was different from the oxygen isotopic composition of the secondary alteration products within the SNC meteorites. This implied that the oxygen associated with fluids which produced the secondary alteration was from volatiles which were possibly added to the planetary inventory after formation of the primary silicates from which the SNC s were formed. The source of the oxygen may have been from a cometary or volatile-rich veneer added to the planet in its first 600 million years.

The effect of taping versus semi-rigid bracing on patient outcome and satisfaction in ankle sprains: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Lardenoye, Sacha; Theunissen, Ed; Cleffken, Berry; Brink, Peter Rg; de Bie, Rob A; Poeze, Martijn

2012-05-28

Functional treatment is a widely used and generally accepted treatment for ankle sprain. A meta-analysis comparing the different functional treatment options could not make definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness, and until now, little was known about patient satisfaction in relation to the outcome. Patients with acute ankle sprain received rest, ice, compression and elevation with an compressive bandage at the emergency department. After 5-7 days, 100 patients with grade II and III sprains were randomized into two groups: one group was treated with tape and the other with a semi-rigid ankle brace, both for 4 weeks. Post-injury physical and proprioceptive training was standardized. As primary outcome parameter patient satisfaction and skin complications were evaluated using a predefined questionnaire and numeric rating scale. As secondary outcome parameter the ankle joint function was assessed using the Karlsson scoring scale and range of motion. Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction during treatment with a semi-rigid brace was significantly increased. The rate of skin complication in this group was significantly lower compared to the tape group (14.6% versus 59.1%, P < 0.0001). Functional outcome of the ankle joint was similar between the two treatment groups, as well as reported pain. Treatment of acute ankle sprain with semi-rigid brace leads to significantly higher patient comfort and satisfaction, both with similar good outcome.

Explicit and spontaneous retrieval of emotional scenes: electrophysiological correlates.

PubMed

Weymar, Mathias; Bradley, Margaret M; El-Hinnawi, Nasryn; Lang, Peter J

2013-10-01

When event-related potentials (ERP) are measured during a recognition task, items that have previously been presented typically elicit a larger late (400-800 ms) positive potential than new items. Recent data, however, suggest that emotional, but not neutral, pictures show ERP evidence of spontaneous retrieval when presented in a free-viewing task (Ferrari, Bradley, Codispoti, Karlsson, & Lang, 2012). In two experiments, we further investigated the brain dynamics of implicit and explicit retrieval. In Experiment 1, brain potentials were measured during a semantic categorization task, which did not explicitly probe episodic memory, but which, like a recognition task, required an active decision and a button press, and were compared to those elicited during recognition and free viewing. Explicit recognition prompted a late enhanced positivity for previously presented, compared with new, pictures regardless of hedonic content. In contrast, only emotional pictures showed an old-new difference when the task did not explicitly probe episodic memory, either when making an active categorization decision regarding picture content, or when simply viewing pictures. In Experiment 2, however, neutral pictures did prompt a significant old-new ERP difference during subsequent free viewing when emotionally arousing pictures were not included in the encoding set. These data suggest that spontaneous retrieval is heightened for salient cues, perhaps reflecting heightened attention and elaborative processing at encoding.

[Design and clinical application of the drilling guide in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation with closed reduction and Kirschner fixation].

PubMed

Zhou, Song; Hao, Yong-qiang; Shi, Xiao-lin; Zhao, Huan-li; Gao, Kai-tuo; Sun, Jin-xu

2011-03-01

To investigate a drilling guide in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation with closed reduction and Kirschner fixation and explore the therapeutic effect. From June 2008 to December 2009, 36 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with closed reduction and Kirschner fixation using a self-designed drilling guide as well as percutaneous repair of acromioclavicular joint. Among the patients, 24 patients were male and 12 patients were female,ranging in age from 20 to 61 years, averaged 38.6 years. The duration from injury to operation ranged from 3.5 to 72 h,with a mean of 15.2 h. No clavicle fracture was found in all cases. The operative time, intra-operative bleeding and therapeutic effects were observed. There were no complications including neurovascular problems. The mean operating time were 20 min,mean blood loss were about 10 ml. According to the observation of postoperative X-ray examination, all Kirschners in acromioclavicular joint were in place. All Kirschners were removed in 6 postoperative weeks. All the patients were followed up ranging from 2 to 26 months (averaged 14.3 months). According to the Karlsson standard,22 patients got an excellent result, 13 good and 1 poor. This method has following advantages: easy operation and fixation; minimum injuries to articular surface; and which would be widely used in clinical practice.

The effect of taping versus semi-rigid bracing on patient outcome and satisfaction in ankle sprains: a prospective, randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Functional treatment is a widely used and generally accepted treatment for ankle sprain. A meta-analysis comparing the different functional treatment options could not make definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness, and until now, little was known about patient satisfaction in relation to the outcome. Methods Patients with acute ankle sprain received rest, ice, compression and elevation with an compressive bandage at the emergency department. After 5-7 days, 100 patients with grade II and III sprains were randomized into two groups: one group was treated with tape and the other with a semi-rigid ankle brace, both for 4 weeks. Post-injury physical and proprioceptive training was standardized. As primary outcome parameter patient satisfaction and skin complications were evaluated using a predefined questionnaire and numeric rating scale. As secondary outcome parameter the ankle joint function was assessed using the Karlsson scoring scale and range of motion. Results Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction during treatment with a semi-rigid brace was significantly increased. The rate of skin complication in this group was significantly lower compared to the tape group (14.6% versus 59.1%, P < 0.0001). Functional outcome of the ankle joint was similar between the two treatment groups, as well as reported pain. Conclusion Treatment of acute ankle sprain with semi-rigid brace leads to significantly higher patient comfort and satisfaction, both with similar good outcome. PMID:22639864

Outcomes of the modified Brostrom procedure using suture anchors for chronic lateral ankle instability--a prospective, randomized comparison between single and double suture anchors.

PubMed

Cho, Byung-Ki; Kim, Yong-Min; Kim, Dong-Soo; Choi, Eui-Sung; Shon, Hyun-Chul; Park, Kyoung-Jin

2013-01-01

The present prospective, randomized study was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes of the modified Brostrom procedure using single and double suture anchors for chronic lateral ankle instability. A total of 50 patients were followed up for more than 2 years after undergoing the modified Brostrom procedure. Of the 50 procedures, 25 each were performed using single and double suture anchors by 1 surgeon. The Karlsson scale had improved significantly to 89.8 points and 90.6 points in the single and double anchor groups, respectively. Using the Sefton grading system, 23 cases (92%) in the single anchor group and 22 (88%) in the double anchor group achieved satisfactory results. The talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation on stress radiographs using the Telos device had improved significantly to an average of 5.7° and 4.6 mm in the single anchor group and 4.5° and 4.3 mm in the double anchor group, respectively. The double anchor technique was superior with respect to the postoperative talar tilt. The single and double suture anchor techniques produced similar clinical and functional outcomes, with the exception of talar tilt as a reference of mechanical stability. The modified Brostrom procedure using both single and double suture anchors appears to be an effective treatment method for chronic lateral ankle instability. Copyright © 2013 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[The syndrome of external ligament sprain in the horse].

PubMed

Collard, X R; Danse, E M; Rombouts, J J

2000-06-01

The treatment of acute complete (grade III) tears of the lateral ligaments of the ankle has generated much controversy in the medical literature. Functional treatment has become the standard treatment as it has been shown that there is no significant difference in long term results whatever the treatment (operative repair and cast, cast alone, or early controlled mobilization). Functional treatment includes only a short period of protection by tape bandage or brace and allows early weight-bearing. Major trauma with avulsion of bone and severe ligamentous damage on both medial and lateral sides of the ankle is however an indication for surgical treatment in the acute phase. Secondary operative reconstruction can be performed in case of persistent instability and laxity of the ankle. Secondary anatomic repair as proposed by Brodström, Duquennoy et al. and Karlsson et al. has a high rate of success and avoids the potential morbidity of harvesting partially or totally the peroneus brevis or other tendon grafts. Evaluation of the injured ankle has improved and in selected patients ultrasonography, arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging or bone scintigraphy may be useful for further evaluation of the injury. The frequency of associated injuries has probably been underestimated. Although ankle sprain is often thought of as an injury involving only the lateral ankle ligaments, there are varied and multiple components to the common sprained ankle. This condition would perhaps more appropriately be designated as the sprained ankle syndrome.

Comparison of hook plate with versus without double-tunnel coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for repair of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Yin, Jian; Yin, Zhaoyang; Gong, Ge; Zhu, Chao; Sun, Chao; Liu, Xinhui

2018-06-01

This study was designed to compare the surgical outcomes of a hook plate with double-tunnel coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstruction by conjoined tendon transfer versus single hook plate surgery for the repair of acute type of Rockwood type III and V acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations. The study cohort included 62 patients with acute (within 6 weeks after trauma) Rockwood type III and V AC joint dislocations who underwent surgery from February 2012 to September 2015. The patients were randomly allocated to the ligament reconstruction group (LR group, n = 31) or the single hook plate group (HP group, n = 31). In both groups, reduction of the AC joint by hook plate and repair of the ruptured AC ligament with absorbable Vicryl sutures were performed homoplastically. The lateral half of the short tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and the lateral half of the flexor tendon were used to reconstruct the trapezoid and conoid ligaments, respectively. Differences in surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and total cost were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the preoperative and postoperative visual analogue score (VAS), postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score (CMS), Karlsson score, complication rates, and patient satisfaction at the last follow-up were compared to evaluate the curative effects of the surgical treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after hook plate removal was used to evaluate the reconstructed ligaments and tendon-bone interface. In total, 25 patients in the LR group and 26 in the HP group completed the follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, Rockwood type, placing time, total cost, and follow-up duration between the LR and HP groups (p > 0.05). However, as compared with the HP group, the surgical duration and incision length were longer in the LR group (92.08 ± 19.25 vs. 56.54 ± 21.29 min and 13

Toxins, Butyric Acid, and Other Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Coordinately Expressed and Down-Regulated by Cysteine in Clostridium difficile

PubMed Central

Karlsson, Sture; Lindberg, Anette; Norin, Elisabeth; Burman, Lars G.; Åkerlund, Thomas

2000-01-01

It was recently found that a mixture of nine amino acids down-regulate Clostridium difficile toxin production when added to peptone yeast extract (PY) cultures of strain VPI 10463 (S. Karlsson, L. G. Burman, and T. Åkerlund, Microbiology 145:1683–1693, 1999). In the present study, seven of these amino acids were found to exhibit a moderate suppression of toxin production, whereas proline and particularly cysteine had the greatest impact, on both reference strains (n = 6) and clinical isolates (n = 28) of C. difficile (>99% suppression by cysteine in the highest toxin-producing strain). Also, cysteine derivatives such as acetylcysteine, glutathione, and cystine effectively down-regulated toxin expression. An impact of both cysteine and cystine but not of thioglycolate on toxin yield indicated that toxin expression was not regulated by the oxidation-reduction potential. Several metabolic pathways, including butyric acid and butanol production, were coinduced with the toxins in PY and down-regulated by cysteine. The enzyme 3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum, was among the most up-regulated proteins during high toxin production. The addition of butyric acid to various growth media induced toxin production, whereas the addition of butanol had the opposite effect. The results indicate a coupling between specific metabolic processes and toxin expression in C. difficile and that certain amino acids can alter these pathways coordinately. We speculate that down-regulation of toxin production by the administration of such amino acids to the colon may become a novel approach to prophylaxis and therapy for C. difficile-associated diarrhea. PMID:10992498

The Hemi-Castaing ligamentoplasty for chronic lateral ankle instability does not modify proprioceptive, muscular and posturographic parameters.

PubMed

Baray, Anne-Laure; Philippot, Rémi; Neri, Thomas; Farizon, Frédéric; Edouard, Pascal

2016-04-01

The Hemi-Castaing ligamentoplasty uses a powerful dynamic stabilizer of the ankle which is the peroneus brevis tendon. To our knowledge, there is no study available evaluating the effects of this type of surgery on proprioceptive, muscular and posturographic parameters. This case-control study included 39 subjects divided into two groups: the operated (n = 24) and the control group (n = 15). All subjects underwent a clinical, proprioceptive and isokinetic assessment using a CON-TREX dynamometer, and a postural evaluation using the Win-Posturo force platform. At a mean period of 23 (SD 5.4) post-operative months, the Karlsson ankle functional score was 84.2 (SD 23.8) and the AOFAS score was 88.1 (SD 16.2). The mean ankle joint position error for operated ankles was from 1.9° (SD 0.9) at 10° of inversion range of motion to 2.5° (SD 1.7) at 20°. It was similar to that achieved in the control group ranging from 2.2° (SD 1) at 10° to 2.3° (SD 1.3) at 20°. No significant loss of ankle eversion strength could be observed after ligamentoplasty. Ankle eversion/inversion ratio when tested under all velocities and contraction modes failed to reveal any statistical difference between the operated and healthy ankles in the patient group, neither between the patient and control groups. This surgical technique achieved excellent functional outcomes. It did not impair the agonist/antagonist balance of ankle muscles, and use of half the peroneus brevis tendon did not lessen the eversion strength. Case-control study, Level III.

Outcome Analysis following Operative Skeletal Stabilization in Established Non Unions of Malleolar Fractures - A Series of 11 Cases.

PubMed

Balasubramanian, Navin; Babu, Ganesh; Prakasam, Sindhuja

2015-01-01

Established non-unions pose a real nightmare for even the most accomplished surgeon. The variations in anatomy due to extensive fibrous tissue growth, soft tissue contractures around the fracture site and bony alterations like smoothening and sclerosis of the fracture ends must each be addressed as a whole if good outcome is to be expected. Here we present a series of 11 patients who had bimalleolar fracture of the ankle following which they had native splinting. These patients presented to us with established non-union. There were 7 males and 4 females in the study. The average age was 44.63 years. Ten out of the 11 patients went on to union (90.1%) following internal fixation with or without immobilization in a plaster cast at an average of 13.8 weeks (range 12-17 weeks). The remaining patient did not progress to union and was advised revision fixation but she refused. She was put on an ankle foot orthoses and mobilized with satisfactory results. There was no infection in any of the patients. Two patients had delayed wound healing with delayed suture removal at 18 days. Weight bearing was started at the end of 16 weeks in all the patients. All patients were assessed using the Karlsson and Peterson functional score for the ankle. Six patients had excellent outcome, 3 had good outcome, 2 had fair with one patient having poor functional result. We conclude that open reduction internal fixation +/- bone grafting provides excellent union rates and good functional results in even the most established non unions of bimalleolar fractures of the ankle.

The "All-Inside" Arthroscopic Broström Procedure With Additional Suture Anchor Augmentation: A Prospective Study of 45 Consecutive Patients.

PubMed

Cottom, James M; Baker, Joseph S; Richardson, Phillip E

Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury that typically respond well to nonoperative therapy. When nonoperative therapy fails and patients develop chronic lateral ankle instability, they become candidates for surgical repair. The present study examined 45 consecutive patients (45 ankles) with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent arthroscopic Broström repair using a double-row suture anchor construct. The 45 patients (27 females and 18 males) were followed up for a mean of 14 (range 12 to 20) months. The mean time to weightbearing with crutches was 3.3 (range 2 to 4) days, and full weightbearing was initiated at a mean of 14.4 (range 12 to 16) days. All patients participated in structured physical therapy, which was started at 21.6 (range 18 to 23) days. Patients were transitioned to regular shoe gear with a stirrup-style ankle brace at 28.7 (range 26 to 31) days. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale scores improved from an average preoperative score of 48.7 (range 45 to 55) to 95.4 (range 90 to 100) postoperatively. The average visual analog scale decreased from 8 (range 6 to 10) preoperatively to 0.6 (range 0 to 5) postoperatively at the last follow-up visit. The Karlsson-Peterson score postoperatively was 87 of 100. We have shown that patients with this new arthroscopic Broström technique modified with a proximal suture anchor can begin weightbearing earlier than previously reported, without adverse effects in terms of pain, functional outcomes scores, and clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hemi-Castaing ligamentoplasty for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability: a retrospective assessment of outcome.

PubMed

Schepers, Tim; Vogels, Lucas M M; Van Lieshout, Esther M M

2011-12-01

In the treatment of chronic ankle instability, most non-anatomical reconstructions use the peroneus brevis tendon. This, however, sacrifices the natural ankle stabilising properties of the peroneus brevis muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of patients treated with a hemi-Castaing procedure, which uses only half the peroneus brevis tendon. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hemi-Castaing ligamentoplasty for chronic lateral ankle instability between 1993 and 2010, with a minimum of one year follow-up. Patients were sent a postal questionnaire comprising five validated outcome measures: Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Tegner Activity Level Score (pre-injury, prior to surgery, at follow-up), visual analog scale on pain (VAS) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Twenty patients completed the questionnaire on functional outcome. The OMAS showed good to excellent outcome in 80% and the KAFS in 65%, the Tegner Score improved from surgery but did not reach pre-injury levels, the VAS on pain was 1 of 10 and the SF-36 returned to normal compared with the average population. Even though most patients were satisfied with the results, outcome at long-term follow-up was less favourable compared with the literature on anatomical reconstructions. In accordance with the literature, we therefore conclude that the initial surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability should be an anatomical repair with augmentation (i.e. the Broström-Gould technique) and the non-anatomical repair should be reserved for unsuccessful cases after anatomical repair or in cases where no adequate ligament remnants are available for reconstruction.

Thalamic Activation in the Kleine-Levin Syndrome

PubMed Central

Engström, Maria; Karlsson, Thomas; Landtblom, Anne-Marie

2014-01-01

Study Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate if combined measures of activation in the thalamus and working memory capacity could guide the diagnosis of Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS). A second objective was to obtain more insight into the neurobiological causes of KLS. Design: Matched group and consecutive recruitment. Setting: University hospital neurology department and imaging center. Patients or Participants: Eighteen patients with KLS diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders and 26 healthy controls were included. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: Working memory capacity was assessed by the listening span task. A version of this task (reading span) was presented to the participants during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Activation in the thalamus was measured in a region of interest analysis. A combination of the working memory capacity and the thalamic activation measures resulted in 80% prediction accuracy, 81% sensitivity, and 78% specificity regarding the ability to separate KLS patients from healthy controls. The controls had an inverse relation between working memory capacity and thalamic activation; higher performing participants had lower thalamic activation (r = -0.41). KLS patients showed the opposite relationship; higher performing participants had a tendency to higher thalamic activation (r = -0.35). Conclusions: This study shows that functional neuroimaging of the thalamus combined with neuropsychological assessment of working memory function provides a means to guide diagnosis of Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Results in this study also indicate that imaging of brain function and evaluation of cognitive capacity can give insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of Kleine-Levin Syndrome. Citation: Engström M; Karlsson T; Landtblom AM. Thalamic activation in the Kleine-Levin Syndrome. SLEEP 2014;37(2):379-386. PMID:24497666

The ANKLE TRIAL (ANKLE treatment after injuries of the ankle ligaments): what is the benefit of external support devices in the functional treatment of acute ankle sprain? : a randomised controlled trial

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Acute lateral ankle ligament injuries are very common problems in present health care. Still there is no hard evidence about which treatment strategy is superior. Current evidence supports the view that a functional treatment strategy is preferable, but insufficient data are present to prove the benefit of external support devices in these types of treatment. The hypothesis of our study is that external ankle support devices will not result in better outcome in the treatment of acute ankle sprains, compared to a purely functional treatment strategy. Overall objective is to compare the results of three different strategies of functional treatment for acute ankle sprain, especially to determine the advantages of external support devices in addition to functional treatment strategy, based on balance and coordination exercises. Methods/design This study is designed as a randomised controlled multi-centre trial with one-year follow-up. Adult and healthy patients (N = 180) with acute, single sided and first inversion trauma of the lateral ankle ligaments will be included. They will all follow the same schedule of balancing exercises and will be divided into 3 treatment groups, 1. pressure bandage and tape, 2. pressure bandage and brace and 3. no external support. Primary outcome measure is the Karlsson scoring scale; secondary outcomes are FAOS (subscales), number of recurrent ankle injuries, Visual Analogue Scales of pain and satisfaction and adverse events. They will be measured after one week, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Discussion The ANKLE TRIAL is a randomized controlled trial in which a purely functional treated control group, without any external support is investigated. Results of this study could lead to other opinions about usefulness of external support devices in the treatment of acute ankle sprain. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR2151 PMID:22340371

What Is the Correct Answer about The Dress' Colors? Investigating the Relation between Optimism, Previous Experience, and Answerability.

PubMed

Karlsson, Bodil S A; Allwood, Carl Martin

2016-01-01

The Dress photograph, first displayed on the internet in 2015, revealed stunning individual differences in color perception. The aim of this study was to investigate if lay-persons believed that the question about The Dress colors was answerable. Past research has found that optimism is related to judgments of how answerable knowledge questions with controversial answers are (Karlsson et al., 2016). Furthermore, familiarity with a question can create a feeling of knowing the answer (Reder and Ritter, 1992). Building on these findings, 186 participants saw the photo of The Dress and were asked about the correct answer to the question about The Dress' colors (" blue and black," "white and gold," "other, namely…," or "there is no correct answer" ). Choice of the alternative "there is no correct answer" was interpreted as believing the question was not answerable. This answer was chosen more often by optimists and by people who reported they had not seen The Dress before. We also found that among participants who had seen The Dress photo before, 19%, perceived The Dress as "white and gold" but believed that the correct answer was "blue and black ." This, in analogy to previous findings about non-believed memories (Scoboria and Pascal, 2016), shows that people sometimes do not believe the colors they have perceived are correct. Our results suggest that individual differences related to optimism and previous experience may contribute to if the judgment of the individual perception of a photograph is enough to serve as a decision basis for valid conclusions about colors. Further research about color judgments under ambiguous circumstances could benefit from separating individual perceptual experience from beliefs about the correct answer to the color question. Including the option "there is no correct answer " may also be beneficial.

Impact of vegetation and ecosystems on chlorine(-36) cycling and its modeling: from simplified approaches towards more complex biogeochemical tools

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thiry, Yves; Redon, Paul-Olivier; Gustafsson, Malin; Marang, Laura; Bastviken, David

2013-04-01

al., 2012), average Cl residence time in forest soils calculated for Clin and Clorg together was 5-fold higher that the residence time estimated for Clin alone (Redon et al., 2011), locally, Cl amount taken up by certain vegetation types can be larger than annual atmospheric deposits, the Cl in excess being recycled mainly by throughfall (Thiry, 2010), root uptake and chlorine transformation rates in soils are essential to calibrate dynamic compartment models since those processes control the persistence of chlorine in the whole system but data are still deficient for different land uses (Van den Hoof & Thiry, 2012). References: Bastviken, D., Thomsen, F., Svensson, T., Karlsson, S., Sandén, P., Shaw, G., Matucha, M., and Öberg, G. (2007). Chloride retention in forest soil by microbial uptake and by natural chlorination of organic matter. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71: 3182-3192. Gustavsson, M., Karlsson, S.,Öberg, G.,Sandén, P.,Svensson, T.,Valinia, S.,Thiry, Y. and Bastviken, D. (2012). Organic matter chlorination rates in different boreal soils: the role of soil organic matter content. Environmental Science & Technology, 46 (3): 1504-1510 Thiry, Y., 2010. Contribution à l'étude du cycle biogéochimique du chlore en écosystème forestier: cas d'un peuplement de pin sylvestre. Rapport Andra n° ENV.NT.ASTR.10.0068. IAEA (2010). Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer to humans in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Technical Report Series n° 472, Vienna, Austria. Öberg, G. (1998). Chloride and organic chlorine in soil. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 26 (3): 137-144. Redon, P-O., Abdelouas, A., Bastviken, D., Cecchini, S. Nicolas, M. and Thiry, Y. (2011). Chloride and organic chlorine in forest soils: storage, residence times, and influence of ecological conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 45: 7202-7208. Redon, P-O., Jolivet, C., Saby, N., Abdelouas, A.and Thiry, Y. (2012). Occurrence of natural organic

Skeletal Muscle Fatigability and Myosin Heavy Chain Fiber Type in Resistance Trained Men.

PubMed

Bagley, James R; McLeland, Kathryn A; Arevalo, Jose A; Brown, Lee E; Coburn, Jared W; Galpin, Andrew J

2017-03-01

Bagley, JR, McLeland, KA, Arevalo, JA, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, and Galpin, AJ. Skeletal muscle fatigability and myosin heavy chain fiber type in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 602-607, 2017-Forty years ago, Thorstensson and Karlsson in 1976 described the link between muscle fatigability and fiber type, finding that more fast-twitch fibers were associated with a quicker onset of quadriceps fatigue. This provided the foundation for the Classic Thorstensson Test of fatigability and subsequent noninvasive fiber type prediction equation. This equation was developed with data from recreationally active (REC) men but has been implemented in participants with heterogeneous physical activity/exercise backgrounds. The accuracy of this approach in resistance trained (RET) men has not been established. Moreover, muscle fiber typing techniques have evolved considerably since this seminal work. Therefore, we reexamined this relationship using RET men and a more sensitive fiber typing method (single fiber myosin heavy chain [MHC] isoform classification). Fifteen RET men (age = 24.8 ± 1.3 years) performed maximal knee extensions (via isokinetic dynamometry) to determine peak torque (PT) and quadriceps fatigue percentage (FP) after 30 and 50 repetitions. Vastus lateralis (VL) single fiber MHC type was determined and fibers were grouped as %Fast (expressing MHC IIa, IIa/IIX, or IIx; no MHC I containing fibers). Resistance trained men exhibited 46% greater PT (RET = 207 ± 28 N·m vs. REC = 130 ± 8 N·m) and 28% more %Fast (RET = 61 ± 4% vs. REC = 44 ± 4%) than REC men. Additionally, RET men had a relatively homogeneous FP (64 ± 1%) ranging from 53 to 72%. No relationship was found between FP and MHC fiber type (R = 0.01, p > 0.05). The Classic Thorstensson Test may not accurately estimate VL fiber type composition in RET men, highlighting the (a) unique phenotypical/functional adaptations induced by chronic RET and (b) the need for more sensitive cellular

Allograft tendon reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular Ligament in the treatment of chronic ankle instability.

PubMed

Wang, Weikai; Xu, Guo Hong

2017-04-08

The purpose was retrospectively to investigate functional and clinical outcomes after anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) reconstruction using a single allograft. Patients with severe chronic lateral instability of the ankle underwent surgery after conservative treatment failed. Ultrasounds of the ankle were performed, and if the AFTL and CFL were completely torn without enough soft tissue for repair, the ligaments were reconstructed using allograft tendon. Outcomes were assessed by clinical examination, stress radiography, ultrasound, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS), and Karlsson Ankle Functional score (KAFS) before surgery and at final follow-up. Nineteen patients, ten men and nine women with mean age of 27.9 years (range, 19-41 years), underwent reconstruction. Mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 24-40 months). At final follow-up, all patients had returned to activity without instability, pain, or limited range of motion. On stress radiography, mean talar tilt angle decreased from 17.32° ± 3.58° before surgery to 4.16° ± 1.12° at follow-up (p < 0.001). Mean anterior drawer test (ADT) distance decreased from 9.79 ± 1.01 mm before surgery to 3.97 ± 0.99 mm at follow-up (p < 0.05). Mean AOFAS improved from 64.00 ± 18.43 to 90.32 ± 5.17 points (p < 0.001), and mean KAFS improved from 50.84 ± 16.73 to 90.89 ± 5.08 points (p < 0.001). Ultrasound showed the reconstructed ligaments maintained good continuity and excellent tension. No case of infection and immunological rejection was reported. This novel reconstruction technique takes into account the anatomical specialty of AFTL and CFL. This case series showed increased stability of the ankle in clinical and functional outcomes. The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration: ChiCTR-ORC-17010796 , Mar 6th 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Epidural Adhesions.

PubMed

Lee, Nam; Ji, Gyu Yeul; Yi, Seong; Yoon, Do Heum; Shin, Dong Ah; Kim, Keung Nyun; Ha, Yoon; Oh, Chang Hyun

2016-07-01

It is well documented that epidural adhesion is associated with spinal pain. However, the underlying mechanism of spinal pain generation by epidural adhesion has not yet been elucidated. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of spinal pain generation by epidural adhesion using a two-dimensional (2D) non-linear finite element (FE) analysis. A finite element analysis. A two-dimensional nonlinear FE model of the herniated lumbar disc on L4/5 with epidural adhesion. A two-dimensional nonlinear FE model of the lumbar spine was developed, consisting of intervertebral discs, dura, spinal nerve, and lamina. The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulpous were modeled as hyperelastic using the Mooney-Rivlin equation. The FE mesh was generated and analyzed using Abaqus (ABAQUS 6.13.; Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorenson, Inc., Providence, RI, USA). Epidural adhesion was simulated as rough contact, in which no slip occurred once two surfaces were in contact, between the dura mater and posterior annulus fibrosus. The FE model of adhesion showed significant stress concentration in the spinal nerves, especially on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The stress concentration was caused by the lack of adaptive displacement between the dura mater and posterior annulus fibrosus. The peak von Mises stress was higher in the epidural adhesion model (Adhesion, 0.67 vs. Control, 0.46). In the control model, adaptive displacement was observed with decreased stress in the spinal nerve and DRG (with adhesion, 2.59 vs. without adhesion, 3.58, P < 0.00). This study used a 2D non-linear FE model, which simplifies the 3D nature of the human intervertebral disc. In addition, this 2D non-linear FE model has not yet been validated. The current study clearly demonstrated that epidural adhesion causes significantly increased stress in the spinal nerves, especially at the DRG. We believe that the increased stress on the spinal nerve might elicit more pain under similar magnitudes of lumbar disc protrusion.

The value of arthroscopy in the treatment of complex ankle fractures - a protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Braunstein, Mareen; Baumbach, Sebastian F; Regauer, Markus; Böcker, Wolfgang; Polzer, Hans

2016-05-12

An anatomical reconstruction of the ankle congruity is the important prerequisite in the operative treatment of acute ankle fractures. Despite anatomic restoration patients regularly suffer from residual symptoms after these fractures. There is growing evidence, that a poor outcome is related to the concomitant traumatic intra-articular pathology. By supplementary ankle arthroscopy anatomic reduction can be confirmed and associated intra-articular injuries can be treated. Nevertheless, the vast majority of complex ankle fractures are managed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) only. Up to now, the effectiveness of arthroscopically assisted fracture treatment (AORIF) has not been conclusively determined. Therefore, a prospective randomised study is needed to sufficiently evaluate the effect of AORIF compared to ORIF in complex ankle fractures. We perform a randomised controlled trial at Munich University Clinic enrolling patients (18-65 years) with an acute ankle fracture (AO 44 A2, A3, B2, B3, C1 - C3 according to AO classification system). Patients meeting the inclusion criteria are randomised to either intervention group (AORIF, n = 37) or comparison group (ORIF, n = 37). Exclusion criteria are fractures classified as AO type 44 A1 or B1, pilon or plafond-variant injury or open fractures. Primary outcome is the AOFAS Score (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society). Secondary outcome parameter are JSSF Score (Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot), Olerud and Molander Score, Karlsson Score, Tegner Activity Scale, SF-12, radiographic analysis, arthroscopic findings of intra-articular lesions, functional assessments, time to return to work/sports and complications. This study protocol is accordant to the SPIRIT 2013 recommendation. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM). The subjective and functional outcome of complex ankle fractures is regularly unsatisfying. As these injuries are very common it is essential to

Effectiveness of a Text Messaging-Based Intervention Targeting Alcohol Consumption Among University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Thomas, Kristin; Müssener, Ulrika; Linderoth, Catharina; Karlsson, Nadine; Bendtsen, Preben; Bendtsen, Marcus

2018-06-25

from establishing which content forms an effective intervention, the optimal length of an alcohol intervention targeting students also needs to be addressed in future studies. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN95054707; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN95054707 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70Ax4vXhd). ©Kristin Thomas, Ulrika Müssener, Catharina Linderoth, Nadine Karlsson, Preben Bendtsen, Marcus Bendtsen. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 25.06.2018.

The Relationship Between Arctic Sea Ice Albedo and the Geophysical Parameters of the Ice Cover

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riihelä, A.

2015-12-01

The Arctic sea ice cover is thinning and retreating. Remote sensing observations have also shown that the mean albedo of the remaining ice cover is decreasing on decadal time scales, albeit with significant annual variability (Riihelä et al., 2013, Pistone et al., 2014). Attribution of the albedo decrease between its different drivers, such as decreasing ice concentration and enhanced surface melt of the ice, remains an important research question for the forecasting of future conditions of the ice cover. A necessary step towards this goal is understanding the relationships between Arctic sea ice albedo and the geophysical parameters of the ice cover. Particularly the question of the relationship between sea ice albedo and ice age is both interesting and not widely studied. The recent changes in the Arctic sea ice zone have led to a substantial decrease of its multi-year sea ice, as old ice melts and is replaced by first-year ice during the next freezing season. It is generally known that younger sea ice tends to have a lower albedo than older ice because of several reasons, such as wetter snow cover and enhanced melt ponding. However, the quantitative correlation between sea ice age and sea ice albedo has not been extensively studied to date, excepting in-situ measurement based studies which are, by necessity, focused on a limited area of the Arctic Ocean (Perovich and Polashenski, 2012).In this study, I analyze the dependencies of Arctic sea ice albedo relative to the geophysical parameters of the ice field. I use remote sensing datasets such as the CM SAF CLARA-A1 (Karlsson et al., 2013) and the NASA MeaSUREs (Anderson et al., 2014) as data sources for the analysis. The studied period is 1982-2009. The datasets are spatiotemporally collocated and analysed. The changes in sea ice albedo as a function of sea ice age are presented for the whole Arctic Ocean and for potentially interesting marginal sea cases. This allows us to see if the the albedo of the older sea

Data Collection for Mental Health Studies Through Digital Platforms: Requirements and Design of a Prototype.

PubMed

Aledavood, Talayeh; Triana Hoyos, Ana Maria; Alakörkkö, Tuomas; Kaski, Kimmo; Saramäki, Jari; Isometsä, Erkki; Darst, Richard K

2017-06-09

described why each of these features are important for digital data collection for psychiatry, gave examples of projects where Niima was used or is going to be used in the future, and demonstrated how incorporating these design principles opens new possibilities for studies. The new methods of digital psychiatry are still immature and need further research. The design features we suggested are a first step to design platforms which can adapt to the upcoming requirements of digital psychiatry. ©Talayeh Aledavood, Ana Maria Triana Hoyos, Tuomas Alakörkkö, Kimmo Kaski, Jari Saramäki, Erkki Isometsä, Richard K Darst. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.06.2017.

The healing stages of an intramedullary implanted tibia: A stress strain comparative analysis of the calcification process

PubMed Central

Filardi, Vincenzo

2015-01-01

with Abaqus version 5.4 (Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, RI) using the geometric non linearity and automatic time stepping options. Conclusion The obtained results reveal interesting consequences deriving by taking into account how the stress shielding can influence the integrity and resistance of bones, in order to identify the mechanical reasons for the unfavourable clinical results, and to identify borderline indications due to biomechanical factors. The evolution of treatment options for these fractures has been closely linked to developments in implant technology and surgical technique. Further developments in this area, particularly with respect to minimally invasive plating techniques and nail design are ongoing. PMID:26719629

Analysis of Two Different Arthroscopic Broström Repair Constructs for Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability in 110 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PubMed

Cottom, James M; Baker, Joseph; Plemmons, Britton S

1.8 ± 1.98 (range 1 to 9) postoperatively for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The difference in the postoperative visual analog scale score between the 2 groups was statistically significant. The preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scale, Foot Function Index, and Karlsson-Peterson scores showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. From our experience, either procedure is an acceptable treatment option for chronic lateral ankle instability, with the knotless technique showing a trend toward more complications. Copyright © 2017 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impacts of light-absorbing impurities on snow and their quantification with bidirectional reflectance measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gritsevich, Maria; Peltoniemi, Jouni; Meinander, Outi; Dagsson-Waldhauserová, Pavla; Zubko, Nataliya; Hakala, Teemu; Virkkula, Aki; Svensson, Jonas; de Leeuw, Gerrit

2017-04-01

rate gets faster than the diffusion rate (under condition of warm outside temperatures), as it was observed at the end of the experiment reported here, dark material starts accumulating into the surface [5]. The BC deposited on snow at warm temperatures initiates rapid melting process and may cause dramatic changes on the snow surface. References 1 Peltoniemi J.I., Hakala T., Suomalainen J., Honkavaara E., Markelin L., Gritsevich M., Eskelinen J., Jaanson P., Ikonen E. (2014): Technical notes: A detailed study for the provision of measurement uncertainty and traceability for goniospectrometers. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer 146, 376-390, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.04.011 2 Zubko N., Gritsevich M., Zubko E., Hakala T., Peltoniemi J.I. (2016): Optical measurements of chemically heterogeneous particulate surfaces // Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 178, 422-431, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.12.010 3 Peltoniemi J.I., Gritsevich M., Hakala T., Dagsson-Waldhauserová P., Arnalds Ó., Anttila K., Hannula H.-R., Kivekäs N., Lihavainen H., Meinander O., Svensson J., Virkkula A., de Leeuw G. (2015): Soot on snow exper- iment: bidirectional reflectance factor measurements of contaminated snow // The Cryosphere, 9, 2323-2337, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2323-2015 4 Svensson J., Virkkula A., Meinander O., Kivekäs N., Hannula H.-R., Järvinen O., Peltoniemi J.I., Gritsevich M., Heikkilä A., Kontu A., Neitola K., Brus D., Dagsson-Waldhauserova P., Anttila K., Vehkamäki M., Hienola A., de Leeuw G. & Lihavainen H. (2016): Soot-doped natural snow and its albedo — results from field experiments. Boreal Environment Research, 21, 481-503, http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/preprints/Svensson1498.pdf 5 Meinander O., Kontu A., Virkkula A., Arola A., Backman L., Dagsson-Waldhauserová P., Järvinen O., Manninen T., Svensson J., de Leeuw G., and Leppäranta M. (2014): Brief communication: Light

The Unseen Déjà-Vu: From Erkki Huhtamo's Topoi to Ken Jacobs' Remakes: Commentary to Edwin Carels "Revisiting Tom Tom: Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs' appropriations of Tom Tom the Piper's Son".

PubMed

Strauven, Wanda

2018-01-01

This commentary on Edwin Carels' essay "Revisiting Tom Tom : Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs' appropriations of Tom Tom the Piper's Son " broadens up the media-archaeological framework in which Carels places his text. Notions such as Huhtamo's topos and Zielinski's "deep time" are brought into the discussion in order to point out the difficulty to see what there is to see and to question the position of the viewer in front of experimental films like Tom Tom the Piper's Son and its remakes.

Oxygen Isotopic Analyses of Water Extracted from the Martian Meteorite NWA 7034

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nunn, M.; Agee, C. B.; Thiemens, M. H.

2012-12-01

isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 [5]. This anomaly is transferred by exchange from CO2 to water and subsequently to secondary minerals. The much larger CO2 to water ratio on Mars could allow this process to introduce a measurable oxygen isotopic anomaly to sulfates, carbonates, and water. The magnitude and variability of this anomaly would depend on the formation mechanism of the species (particularly the source of oxygen), as is consistent with measurements to date of phases in SNCs. References: [1] Franchi, I.A., et al. (1999) MAPS 34, 657-661. [2] Rumble, D. and Irving, A.J. (2009) LPSC XXXX, #2293 [3] Karlsson, H.R., et al. (1992) Science 255, 1409-1411. [4] Farquhar, J. and Thiemens, M.H. (2000) J. Geophys. Res. 105, 11991-11997. [5] Yung, Y.L., et al. (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 13-16.

FOREWORD: The 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWRAD 2011) The 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWRAD 2011)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikonen, Erkki

2012-04-01

for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using kilohertz pulsed tunable optical parametric oscillators Metrologia 49 S124-9 [3] Gran J, Kübarsepp T, Sildoja M, Manoocheri F, Ikonen E and Müller I 2012 Simulations of predictable quantum efficient detector with PC1D Metrologia 49 S130-4

PREFACE: 8th International Conference on 3D Radiation Dosimetry (IC3DDose)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olsson, Lars E.; Bäck, S.; Ceberg, Sofie

2015-01-01

a forum to discuss the latest research and developments in 3D and advanced radiation dosimetry. • Energize and diversify dosimetry research and clinical practice by encouraging interaction and synergy between advanced, 3D, and semi-3D dosimetry techniques. We commend these IC3Dose 2014 conference proceedings to you and strongly believe they include significant contributions to scientific progress in this field. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to everybody involved in making the conference possible, the Scientific committee for their work on the general planning, paper review and program formulation, the distinguished invited speakers for their contributions and the local organizing committee members for all their hard work on the practical preparation for the meeting. Lars E. Olsson, Sven Bäck and Sofie Ceberg Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Sweden International Scientific Committee Sven Bäck, Sweden (chair) Clive Baldock, Australia Sam Beddar, USA Crister Ceberg, Sweden Yves de Deene, Belgium/Australia Simon Doran, UK Geoffrey Ibbott, USA Andrew Jirasek, Canada Kevin Jordan, Canada Martin Lepage, Canada Daniel Low, USA Mark Oldham, USA Tony Popescu, Canada John Schreiner, Canada Cheng-Shie Wuu, USA David Thwaites, Australia Local Organizing Committee Sofie Ceberg (chair) Lars E. Olsson (conference chair) Fredrik Nordstrom Anneli Edvardsson Anna Karlsson Hauer Anna Bäck

PREFACE: First International Congress of the International Association of Inverse Problems (IPIA): Applied Inverse Problems 2007: Theoretical and Computational Aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uhlmann, Gunther

2008-07-01

This volume represents the proceedings of the fourth Applied Inverse Problems (AIP) international conference and the first congress of the Inverse Problems International Association (IPIA) which was held in Vancouver, Canada, June 25 29, 2007. The organizing committee was formed by Uri Ascher, University of British Columbia, Richard Froese, University of British Columbia, Gary Margrave, University of Calgary, and Gunther Uhlmann, University of Washington, chair. The conference was part of the activities of the Pacific Institute of Mathematical Sciences (PIMS) Collaborative Research Group on inverse problems (http://www.pims.math.ca/scientific/collaborative-research-groups/past-crgs). This event was also supported by grants from NSF and MITACS. Inverse Problems (IP) are problems where causes for a desired or an observed effect are to be determined. They lie at the heart of scientific inquiry and technological development. The enormous increase in computing power and the development of powerful algorithms have made it possible to apply the techniques of IP to real-world problems of growing complexity. Applications include a number of medical as well as other imaging techniques, location of oil and mineral deposits in the earth's substructure, creation of astrophysical images from telescope data, finding cracks and interfaces within materials, shape optimization, model identification in growth processes and, more recently, modelling in the life sciences. The series of Applied Inverse Problems (AIP) Conferences aims to provide a primary international forum for academic and industrial researchers working on all aspects of inverse problems, such as mathematical modelling, functional analytic methods, computational approaches, numerical algorithms etc. The steering committee of the AIP conferences consists of Heinz Engl (Johannes Kepler Universität, Austria), Joyce McLaughlin (RPI, USA), William Rundell (Texas A&M, USA), Erkki Somersalo (Helsinki University of Technology

FOREWORD: The 70th birthday of Professor Stig Stenholm The 70th birthday of Professor Stig Stenholm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suominen, Kalle-Antti

2010-09-01

information [7] and in Stockholm he had, again, very successful postdocs such as Ulf Leonhardt. Finally, in 2005, Stig Stenholm retired, although he is still active, writing papers, taking part in conferences and making research visits. We honoured his 70th birthday at the CEWQO2009 conference, and hope that the future provides us with further opportunities for such events. Looking at the obituary of Dirk ter Haar, I see that his style with students reminds me of Stig's approach. In my opinion, Stig expects independence and initiative from a student, giving perhaps a broad topic in which the student is expected to find his or her own way, whilst working perhaps with a postdoc. Juha Javanainen has talked about the 'sink or swim' style (not referring to Stig, though). There is a famous series of children's books about Moomin trolls by Tove Jansson (another Swedish-speaking Finn like Stig). In one of them, the Moomin find in early spring a small flower in a patch of land uncovered by snow, pushing its way up. One of them wants to cover it against frost during the night, but another says 'Don't, it'll fare better later if it has some difficulties at first'. At CEWQO2009 Stig gave the full list of his finished PhD students: Rainer Salomaa (1973), Temba Dlodlo (1980), Juha Javanainen (1980), Markus Lindberg (1985), Matti Kaivola (1985), Birger Ståhlberg (1985), Kalle-Antti Suominen (1992), Mackillo Kira (1995), Päivi Törmä (1996), Asta Paloviita (1997), Patrik Öhberg (1998), Martti Havukainen (1999), Erika Andersson (2000), Pawel Piwnicki (2001), Åsa Larson (2001), Markku Jääskeläinen (2003), and Jonas Larson (2005). One should also mention Erkki Kyrölä, who eventually graduated at Rochester and Olli Serimaa, who never graduated but published some important early-stage laser cooling work. As a final note I must mention a passion that Stig and I share, namely books. I have nearly 400 professional physics and mathematics books, but I am certain that the size of Stig

Editorial . Quantum fluctuations and coherence in optical and atomic structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eschner, Jürgen; Gatti, Alessandra; Maître, Agnès; Morigi, Giovanna

2003-03-01

the quantum level leads naturally to the issue of entanglement. This is an exclusive feature of the quantum world, which represents a valuable resource for quantum information processing and for high-precision measurements. The de.nition and criteria for measuring entanglement have been traditionally formulated within the Hilbert-space formalism (the quantum state formalism). However, quantum structures are intrinsically multi-mode systems, for which the Hilbert-space approach is often unpractical and cumbersome. More appealing are the "classical looking" phase space descriptions, where it is hence of great importance to reformulate concepts such as entanglement or Bell inequalities. The paper by Santos addresses the general problem of characterizing the entanglement properties of an electromagnetic field in the language of Q-representation. Entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum provides new degrees of freedom and could play an important role in the field of quantum information, since such non-classical states enable the possibility of multichannel communications. The paper by Barbosa discusses quantum states of twin photons produced by parametric down-conversion and entangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum. The issue of entanglement is intrinsically connected to decoherence, and to the transition from the quantum to the classical world. In particular, massive systems are characterized by strong interactions with the environment, and at room temperature they usually exhibit classical behaviour. In this context, the paper by Karlsson discusses the decay of quantum correlations of protons and positive muons in condensed matter, a system characterized by strong coupling to the environment, and proposes experiments where such quantum correlations could be measured. Mancini et al. investigate macroscopic manifestations of quantum features, presenting a proposal for entangling the macroscopic

A Glimpse of the Young Milky Way

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2002-10-01

metal content of the Sun, did indeed form in the early Universe, then it should also have been possible for low-mass Population III stars to form . If so, they would have survived until today. This implies that there is new hope to find them by means of large, systematic searches like the Hamburg/ESO Survey. Until now, follow-up spectroscopic observations - which are necessarily quite time-consuming - have only been made of about one-quarter of the 8000 low-metal-abundance candidate stars identified in that survey. It is therefore not excluded that a bona-fide Population III star may eventually be found in the course of this programme. More information The information presented in this Press Release is based on a research article ("A stellar relic from the early Milky Way" by Norbert Christlieb et al.) that appears in the research journal "Nature" on October 31, 2002. Notes [1]: This press release is issued in coordination between ESO and Hamburger Sternwarte in Germany. [2]: The team consists of Norbert Christlieb (Hamburger Sternwarte, University of Hamburg, Germany; on sabbatical leave at the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australia), Michael S. Bessell (Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australia), Timothy C. Beers (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA), Bengt Gustafsson, Paul S. Barklem, Torgny Karlsson, Michelle Mizuno-Wiedner (Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, University of Uppsala, Sweden), Andreas Korn (University Observatory Munich, Germany) and Silvia Rossi (Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil). [3]: Most stars in the Milky Way galaxy move within the disk, and for most of these, 1 to 2 percent of their mass consists of chemical elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium; this is also the case for the Sun, which at 4.6 billion years is about one third of the