Admission of Students under the Age of Eighteen (ARS 15-1821), Fiscal Year 1997-1998. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State Board of Directors for Community Colleges, Phoenix.

Focusing on students under the age of 18 who have not yet attained a high school diploma or certificate of equivalency, this report provides tables illustrating the numbers of these students enrolled in credit courses in Arizona community colleges from September 1997 to August 1998. In 1998, 26,277 such students were enrolled--twice the number…

Mississippi Public Library Statistics, 1998. The Annual Report of Mississippi Public Library Statistics, October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shurden, Lynn F., Comp.

The Mississippi Library Commission, which acquires and publishes usage data from each of the 46 public library systems and two independent public libraries in the state, reports the data presented in this publication to the Federal State Cooperative System (FSCS) for Public Library Data. First, a 2-year summary (1997-1998) for public library…

Global Precipitation during the 1997-98 El Nino and Initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David

1999-01-01

The 1997-99 ENSO (El nino Southern Oscillation) cycle was very powerful, but also well observed. The best satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a global analysis of precipitation anomalies accompanying the 1997-98 El Nino and initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina. For the period April 1997 to March 1998 the central to eastern Pacific, southeastern and western U.S., Argentina, eastern Africa, South China, eastern Russia, and North Atlantic were all more than two standard deviations wetter than normal. During the same year the Maritime Continent, eastern Indian Ocean, subtropical North Pacific, northeastern South America, and much of the mid- latitude southern oceans were more than two standard deviations drier than normal. An analysis of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent led the formation of the El Nino SST (Sea Surface Temperature), while in the central Pacific, precipitation anomalies lagged the El Nino SST by a season. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured precursor changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. Differences were found between observed and modeled [NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis] precipitation anomalies for 1997 and 98. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations. One degree daily estimates of rainfall show clearly the MaddenJulian Oscillation and related westerly wind burst events over the Maritime Continent, which are key

Effects of 1997-1998 El Nino on Tropospheric Ozone and Water Vapor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chandra, S.; Ziemke, J. R.; Min, W.; Read, W. G.

1998-01-01

This paper analyzes the impact of the 1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric column ozone and tropospheric water vapor derived respectively from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on Earth Probe and the Microwave Limb Scanning instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The 1997-1998 El Nino, characterized by an anomalous increase in sea-surface temperature (SST) across the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, is one of the strongest El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events of the century, comparable in magnitude to the 1982-1983 episode. The major impact of the SST change has been the shift in the convection pattern from the western to the eastern Pacific affecting the response of rain-producing cumulonimbus. As a result, there has been a significant increase in rainfall over the eastern Pacific and a decrease over the western Pacific and Indonesia. The dryness in the Indonesian region has contributed to large-scale burning by uncontrolled wildfires in the tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo. Our study shows that tropospheric column ozone decreased by 4-8 Dobson units (DU) in the eastern Pacific and increased by about 10-20 DU in the western Pacific largely as a result of the eastward shift of the tropical convective activity as inferred from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. The effect of this shift is also evident in the upper tropospheric water vapor mixing ratio which varies inversely as ozone (O3). These conclusions are qualitatively consistent with the changes in atmospheric circulation derived from zonal and vertical wind data obtained from the Goddard Earth Observing System data assimilation analyses. The changes in tropospheric column O3 during the course of the 1997-1998 El Nino appear to be caused by a combination of large-scale circulation processes associated with the shift in the tropical convection pattern and surface/boundary layer processes associated with

Current Trends in English Language Testing. Conference Proceedings for CTELT 1997 and 1998, Vol. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coombe, Christine A., Ed.

Papers from the 1997 and 1998 Current Trends in English Language Testing (CTELT) conferences include: "Computer-Based Language Testing: The Call of the Internet" (G. Fulcher); "Uses of the PET (Preliminary English Test) at Sultan Qaboos University" (R. Taylor); "Issues in Foreign and Second Language Academic Listening…

Notification of occupational and work-related diseases and poisonings in Malaysia, 1997-1998.

PubMed

Sirajuddin, H; Roslinah, A; Rampal, K G; Kuppusamy, I; Rohna, R; Aziz, M; Aw, T C; Beach, J R

2001-03-01

In 1997, the Ministry of Health Malaysia introduced a surveillance programme for occupational and work-related diseases including poisonings for cases seen in government health facilities. Between June 1997 and November 1998, there were 36 cases of respiratory disease and 95 cases of poisoning by chemicals and pesticides notified while skin diseases were 108 cases. Respiratory diseases reported were predominantly occupational asthma (25%), pneumoconiosis (17%) and infections (39%). The commonest reported skin disease was contact dermatitis (87%). The commonest causes of occupational poisonings were paraquat (19%), organo-phosphates (16%), agro-chemicals excluding pesticides (15%) and gases (10%). The number of cases reported is still relatively few compared to data from other countries, suggesting that there is still considerable under reporting.

Noise levels in fitness classes are still too high: evidence from 1997-1998 and 2009-2011.

PubMed

Beach, Elizabeth Francis; Nie, Valerie

2014-01-01

Fitness instructors routinely use high music volumes that may be harmful to hearing. This study assessed noise levels during 35 low-intensity and 65 high-intensity fitness classes in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011. Questionnaires examined instructors' and clients' preferred music volumes and whether they found loud music "stressful" or "motivating." Noise levels in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011 were similar, frequently exceeding 90 dB(A). Although noise levels in low-intensity classes dropped from 88.9 to 85.6 dB(A), they remained high for high-intensity classes, averaging 93.1 dB(A). In 2009-2011, instructors preferred significantly higher volumes than clients for high-intensity classes. In both time periods, about 85% of instructors found loud music motivating, whereas about one fifth of clients found it stressful. The results suggest that noise exposure from fitness classes, particularly high-intensity classes, continues to pose a potential risk to hearing.

MAPPING SEAGRASS AND GREEN MACROALGAE DISTRIBUTIONS IN AN OREGON ESTUARY USING COLOR INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY: 1997 & 1998

EPA Science Inventory

Aerial photograph surveys of Oregon's Yaquina Bay estuary were conducted during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Advantage was taken of daylight low tide conditions when most of the intertidal mudflats in the estuary were exposed. The absence of overlying water permitted the use o...

MAPPING SEAGRASS AND GREEN MACROALGAE DISTRIBUTIONS IN AN OREGON ESTUARY USING COLOR-INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY: 1997 & 1998

EPA Science Inventory

Aerial photograph surveys of Oregon's Yaquina Bay estuary were conducted during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Advantage was taken of daylight low tide conditions when most of the intertidal mudflats in the estuary were exposed. The absence of overlying water permitted the use o...

A TOMS-Based View of Tropical Tropospheric Ozone (OTTO) From Large Fires Associated with the 1997-1998 El Nino

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Anne M.; Guo, H.; Hudson, R. D.

1998-01-01

Since the launch of Earth-Probe TOMS in July 1 996, we have been producing tropical tropospheric ozone (TTO) maps (10S - 10N), in gridded format, l x 2 degrees, in near-real time. These images, along with images from the full ADEOS-TOMS record of TTO (Sept. 1996 - May 1997) can be viewed on a homepage: http://metosrv2.umd,edu/-tropo). The TTO maps, based on the modified-residual method of Hudson and Thompson [1998], have been validated using ozonesondes from Ascension (8S, 15W), Nairobi (2S, 36E) and American Samoa (14S, 171W). The fires associated with El Nino-induced dryness are exhibited regionally as high tropospheric ozone column (> 60 Dobson Units) with high absorbing aerosol (smoke) signal in TOMS [J. R. Herman, personal communication, 1998]. Episodes of high TTO in 1997-98 will be shown. Regional TTO over Indonesia during the 1997-98 period will be highlighted and comparisons will be made with TTO in that region taken from the 1979-92 Nimbus/TOMS TTO record.

Step-by-step synchronous variations of planetary natural processes in 1997-1998 and their uniform mechanism: phenomenon of "galloping of the core"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barkin, Yu. V.

2009-04-01

"For an explanation of observably step-by-step variations of geodynamic and geophysical processes the mechanism of sharp sporadic relative displacements of the core and the mantle and deformations of the mantle in the certain periods of time (the phenomenon of "galloping of the core") is offered. Apparently, this mechanism results in spasmodic variations of axial rotation of the Earth, causes gallop in value of a phase of Chandler motion of a pole, to sharp changes of the intense condition in zones of catastrophes" ([1], p. 61). According to geodynamic model the step changes first of all should to be observed in motion of a geocenter as it reflects relative displacement of the centers of mass of the core and the mantle [1]. A gallop of natural processes in northern and southern hemispheres is characterized by the certain asymmetry. In result the step changes are tested by trend components of secular changes of parameters. In another words and activity (intensity) and trends of its secular changes test synchronous certain steps. Geocenter. According to observation data of DORIS spasmodic changes of polar rotation of a geocenter in a projection to an equatorial coordinate plane in 1997-1999 are revealed. On data DORIS in values of polar coordinate of a geocenter were observed gallop up to 20-30 cm. Changes of trend components have tested gallop which can be estimated in -2 mm in coordinate x, -5 mm in coordinate y and in -10 mm in coordinate z. Trajectory of a geocenter. A bend of a trajectory of long - periodic trend "trace" of a geocenter (its epicentre) on a surface of the Earth in 1997-1998 has been discovered (Zotov, Barkin, Lyubushin, 2008). It serves as direct confirmation of the assumption about a fundamental role of interaction and the forced relative displacements of the basic shells of the Earth, first of all the core and the mantle, both their stimulating and directing role in all planetary processes (Barkin, 2002). Gravitational field. On the data of

Oceanographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During the 1996 La Nina and 1997-1998 El Nino: Part1 - Hydrographic Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blanco, J.; Thomas, A.; Strub, T.; Carr, M.

2000-01-01

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18(sup o) - 24(sup o)S) betweeen 1996 and 1998 (including 1997-1998 El Nino) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, sea-surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5(sup o)S), Iquique (20.5(sup o)S), and Antofagasta (23.5(sup o)S), and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique.

Herbicides in the Pecatonica, Trempealeau, and Yahara Rivers in Wisconsin, May 1997-July 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Graczyk, David J.; Vanden Brook, James P.; Rheineck, Bruce D.

1999-01-01

In 1997, Wisconsin farmers applied 8.7 million pounds of herbicides on corn. The five most commonly applied herbicides (in lb (pounds) of active ingredient per acre) on corn in 1997 were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor and cyanazine. A 1996 study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) found that the most heavily applied agricultural herbicides were detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in the Pecatonica and Yahara Rivers in southern Wisconsin than the less heavily applied herbicides (Graczyk and Vanden Brook, 1997). The calculated herbicide loads a from May 15 to July 15, 1996 at the Pecatonica River ranged from 47.2 lb of alachlor to 484 lb of atrazine. For the Yahara River, loads ranged from 36.1 lb of alachlor to 289 lb of atrazine. The yields b (load per square mile) for atrazine were similar in the two water- sheds. This result was unexpected because the use of atrazine is prohibited on 94 percent of the Yahara River Watershed, but on only 4 percent of the Pecatonica River watershed. The unexpected atrazine result led to a continuation of the study in 1997 and 1998, when samples were collected again at the two sites sampled in 1996, and at a site in the upper third of the Yahara River Watershed that is entirely under atrazine use prohibition. For comparison purposes, a site in west-central Wisconsin also was sampled to determine herbicide loads and yields in another geographic area in the state

Multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, United States, 1997-1998.

PubMed

Rabatsky-Ehr, Therese; Whichard, Jean; Rossiter, Shannon; Holland, Ben; Stamey, Karen; Headrick, Marcia L; Barrett, Timothy J; Angulo, Frederick J

2004-05-01

To evaluate multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, including definitive type 104 (DT104) in the United States, we reviewed data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). In 1997 to 1998, 703 (25%) of 2,767 serotyped Salmonella isolates received at NARMS were S. Typhimurium; antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were completed for 697. Fifty-eight percent (402) were resistant to > or = 1 antimicrobial agent. Three multidrug-resistant (> or = 5 drugs) strains accounted for (74%) 296 of all resistant isolates. Ceftriaxone resistance was present in 8 (3%), and nalidixic acid resistance in 4 (1%), of these multidrug-resistant strains. By phage typing, 259 (37%) of S. Typhimurium isolates were DT104, 209 (30%) were of undefined type and 103 (15%) were untypable. Fifty percent (202) of resistant (> or = 1 drug) isolates were DT104. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates, particularly DT104, account for a substantial proportion of S. Typhimurium isolates; ceftriaxone resistance is exhibited by some of these strains.

The EDUTECH Report, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1998

1998-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues of the EDUTECH Report. 1998. The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, a preview of the upcoming issue, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief quotations on…

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon During 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2003-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data fiom the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo- China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the lowlevel temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation.

Impact of the 1997-1998 El-Nino of Regional Hydrology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lakshmi, Venkataraman; Susskind, Joel

1998-01-01

The 1997-1998 El-Nino brought with it a range of severe local-regional hydrological phenomena. Record high temperatures and extremely dry soil conditions in Texas is an example of this regional effect. The El-Nino and La-Nina change the continental weather patterns considerably. However, connections between continental weather anomalies and regional or local anomalies have not been established to a high degree of confidence. There are several unique features of the recent El-Nino and La-Nina. Due to the recognition of the present El-Nino well in advance, there have been several coupled model studies on global and regional scales. Secondly, there is a near real-time monitoring of the situation using data from satellite sensors, namely, SeaWIFS, TOVS, AVHRR and GOES. Both observations and modeling characterize the large scale features of this El-Nino fairly well. However the connection to the local and regional hydrological phenomenon still needs to be made. This paper will use satellite observations and analysis data to establish a relation between local hydrology and large scale weather patterns. This will be the first step in using satellite data to perform regional hydrological simulations of surface temperature and soil moisture.

1998 Idaho Public Library Statistics and Library Directory. A Compilation of Input and Output Measures and Other Statistics in Reference to Idaho's Public Libraries, Covering the Period October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Frank, Comp.

This report is a compilation of input and output measures and other statistics in reference to Idaho's public libraries, covering the period from October 1997 through September 1998. The introductory sections include notes on the statistics, definitions of performance measures, Idaho public library rankings for fiscal year 1996, and a state map…

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pregnant women receiving health services at the Puerto Rico University Hospital, Puerto Rico, 1997-1998.

PubMed

Acosta, I; Aponte, Z; de-Jesús, Z; de-León, A; González, M C; Hernández, J; Martínez, P; Santos, E R; Pérez-Perdomo, R

2001-06-01

To estimate the prevalence and to describe the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women receiving health care services at the Puerto Rico University Hospital from 1997 to 1998. The study design was cross-sectional. All medical records available of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and summary measures (mean and standard deviation) were used. Annual and 18-month period prevalences of GDM were calculated. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions. A total of 78 medical records were available during the 18-month study period (June 1997 to December 1998). The estimated prevalence of GDM was 2% for the total study period (18-month) as well as for the year 1998. The highest proportion (52.3%) of GDM cases was found in the 30 years or less age group. Forty-eight percent had a body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 m/kg2 (obese) before pregnancy; however, the weight gained during the last pregnancy was higher than 15 pounds (57%). Sixty-four percent of the cases had a family history of diabetes, meanwhile, 34.7% reported a history of GDM during previous pregnancies. During the first prenatal visit, 80.5% reflected glucose levels higher than 110 mg/ml. Preeclampsia (6.4%) and macrosomia (14%) were the most frequent complications for the mother and the fetus, respectively. More epidemiological studies about GMD in Puerto Rico need to be performed to better describe the prevalence of the condition in the island.

Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magnuson, Sandy, Ed.; Norem, Ken, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the two issues of the "Alabama Counseling Association Journal" published during 1997. The focus of the journal is on communicating ideas and information that will help counselors to implement the counseling role and develop the profession of counseling. The following articles are contained in issue 1:…

Investigations into the Early Life History of Naturally Spring Chinook Salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin : Fish Research Project Oregon : Annual Progress Report Project Period 1 September 1997 to 31 August 1998.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keefe, MaryLouise; Tranquilli, J. Vincent

1998-01-01

We determined migration timing and abundance of juvenile spring chinook salmon from three populations in the Grande Ronde River basin. We estimated 6,716 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde River from July 1997 to June 1998; approximately 6% of the migrants left in summer, 29% in fall, 2% in winter, and 63% in spring. We estimated 8,763 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of Catherine Creek from July 1997 to June 1998; approximately 12% of the migrants left in summer, 37% in fall, 21% in winter, and 29% in spring. We estimated 8,859 juvenilemore » chinook salmon left the Grande Ronde Valley, located below the upper rearing areas in Catherine Creek and the Grande Ronde River, from October 1997 to June 1998; approximately 99% of the migrants left in spring. We estimated 15,738 juvenile chinook salmon left upper rearing areas of the Lostine River from July 1997 to April 1998; approximately 3% of the migrants left in summer, 61% in fall, 2% in winter, and 34% in spring. We estimated 22,754 juvenile spring chinook salmon left the Wallowa Valley, located below the mouth of the Lostine River, from September 1997 to April 1998; approximately 55% of the migrants left in fall, 5% in winter, and 40% in spring. Juvenile chinook salmon PIT-tagged on the upper Grande Ronde River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 4 April to 26 June 1998, with a median passage date of 1 May. PIT-tagged salmon from Catherine Creek were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 3 April to 26 June 1998, with a median passage date of 8 May. PIT-tagged salmon from the Lostine River were detected at Lower Granite Dam from 31 March through 26 May 1998, with a median passage date of 28 April. Juveniles tagged as they left the upper rearing areas of the Grande Ronde and Lostine rivers in fall and that overwintered in areas downstream were detected in the hydrosystem at a higher rate than fish tagged during winter in the upper rearing areas, indicating a higher

1998 Michigan traffic crash facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-05-01

The 1998 traffic fatality count was 1,367, down 5.5 percent from the 1997 figure of 1,446. : Compared with 1997, injuries were down 4.3 percent and total crashes were down 5.2 : percent. These figures translated into a death rate of 1.5 per 100 milli...

Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand.

PubMed

Chang, Shu-Sen; Gunnell, David; Sterne, Jonathan A C; Lu, Tsung-Hsueh; Cheng, Andrew T A

2009-04-01

In 1997-1998 a widespread economic crisis hit the economies of many East/Southeast Asian countries; its impact on suicide rates across the region has not been systematically documented. We investigated the impact of the Asian economic crisis (1997-1998) on suicide in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Suicide and population data for the period 1985-2006 were extracted from the World Health Organisation's mortality database and Taiwanese mortality statistics. Sex-specific age-standardised suicide rates for people aged 15years or above were analysed using joinpoint regression. Trends in divorce, marriage, unemployment, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and alcohol consumption were compared with trends in suicide rates graphically and using time-series analysis. Suicide mortality decreased in the late 1980s and early 1990s but subsequently increased markedly in all countries except Singapore, which had steadily declining suicide rates throughout the study period. Compared to 1997, male rates in 1998 rose by 39% in Japan, 44% in Hong Kong and 45% in Korea; rises in female rates were less marked. Male rates also rose in Thailand, but accurate data were incomplete. The economic crisis was associated with 10,400 more suicides in 1998 compared to 1997 in Japan, Hong Kong and Korea. Similar increases in suicide rates were not seen in Taiwan and Singapore, the two countries where the economic crisis had a smaller impact on GDP and unemployment. Time-series analyses indicated that some of the crisis's impact on male suicides was attributable to increases in unemployment. These findings suggest an association of the Asian economic crisis with a sharp increase in suicide mortality in some, but not all, East/Southeast Asian countries, and that these increases were most closely associated with rises in unemployment.

FY 1997 Financial Reporting by The Defense Automated Printing Service.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-09-23

it •T o7’v ort FY 1997 FINANCIAL REPORTING BY THE DEFENSE AUTOMATED PRINTING SERVICE Report No. 98-201 September 23, 1998 Office of the Inspector...ACCOUNTING SERVICE DIRECTOR, DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DIRECTOR, DEFENSE AUTOMATED PRINTING SERVICE SUBJECT: Audit Report on FY 1997 Financial Reporting by the...General for Auditing Office of the Inspector General, DoD Report No. 98-201 September 23, 1998 (Project No. 8FJ-2002.04) FY 1997 Financial Reporting by the

Abortion surveillance--United States, 1998.

PubMed

Herndon, Joy; Strauss, Lilo T; Whitehead, Sara; Parker, Wilda Y; Bartlett, Linda; Zane, Suzanne

2002-06-07

In 1969, CDC began abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions, to monitor unintended pregnancy, and to assist efforts to identify and reduce preventable causes of morbidity and mortality associated with abortions. This report summarizes and reviews information reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 1998. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by occurrence. From 1973 to 1997, data were received from or estimated for 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1998, CDC compiled abortion data from only 48 reporting areas; Alaska, California, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not report. In 1998, 884,273 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC, representing a 2% decrease from the 900,171 legal induced abortions reported by the same 48 reporting areas for 1997. The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 264, compared with 274 in 1997 (for the same 48 areas); the abortion rate for these 48 areas was 17 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years for both 1997 and 1998. The availability of information about characteristics of women who obtained an abortion in 1998 varied by state and by the number of states reporting each characteristic. The total number of legal induced abortions by state is reported by state of residence and state of occurrence; characteristics of women obtaining abortions in 1998 are reported by state of occurrence. Women undergoing an abortion were likely to be young (i.e., age < 25 years), white, and unmarried; slightly more than one half were obtaining an abortion for the first time. Of all abortions for which gestational age was reported, 56% were performed at < or = 8 weeks of gestation, and 88% were performed before 13 weeks. Overall, 19% of abortions were performed at the earliest weeks of gestation (< or = 6 weeks), 18% at 7 weeks

Physical Control of Biological Productivity Off the Coast of Peru During the 1997-1998 El Nino

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carr, Mary-Elena

1999-01-01

Satellite observations and an ecosystem model are used to understand the variability in the planktonic ecosystem off Peru for the period January 1996 to May 1998. The objective of this study is to quantify the changes in the ecosystem components, carbon pathways, and available food for small pelagic fish that occur associated with the change in physical forcing due to El Nino. Two periods are distinguished based on the observed sea level anomaly: a La Nina (LaN) period (1996) in which sea level was below normal and El Nino (EN), the average conditions for December 1997, in which the sea level was anomalously high. There are three phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano-, and net-phytoplankton) which compete for nutrients and are eaten by three zooplankton size classes. The ecosystem model is forced by alongshore wind speed measured by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) and the European Remote-sensing Satellites (ERS-1 and ERS-2). Larger, slower growing organisms are more sensitive to physical disturbance than smaller organisms (Carr, 1998]. In the present simulation as well, the primary effect of the El Nino (reduced nutrient supply, and increased temperature) is to reduce the biomass of large cells (netphytoplankton) and consequently of the zooplankton that rely on large cells as food source. EN conditions are accompanied by a rearrangement of carbon pathways: comparable uptake goes into reduced biomass accumulation, increased losses to respiration, reduced carbon export, and much reduced carbon available to fish. The star indicates the remotely sensed biomass (assuming a constant carbon to chlorophyll ratio of 60) as measured by the Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (Nov.-Dec. 1996) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (Dec. 1997). The model, which assumes no light limitation, overestimates total phytoplankton biomass. Additional Information is contained in the original.

Predictability of the 1997 and 1998 South Asian Summer Monsoons on the Intraseasonal Time Scale Based on 10 AMIP2 Model Runs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Man Li C.; Schubert, Siegfried; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Predictability of the 1997 and 1998 South Asian summer monsoons is examined using National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalyses, and 100 two-year simulations with ten different Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST). We focus on the intraseasonal variations of the south Asian summer monsoon associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis shows a clear coupling between SST anomalies and upper level velocity potential anomalies associated with the MJO. We analyze several MJO events that developed during the 1997 and 1998 focusing of the coupling with the SST. The same analysis is carried out for the model simulations. Remarkably, the ensemble mean of the two-year AGCM simulations show a signature of the observed MJO events. The ensemble mean simulated MJO events are approximately in phase with the observed events, although they are weaker, the period of oscillation is somewhat longer, and their onset is delayed by about ten days compared with the observations. Details of the analysis and comparisons among the ten AMIP2 (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) models will be presented in the conference.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon During 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lau, W.; Baker, R.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation. The model results will be compared to the simulation of the 6-7 May 2000 Missouri flash flood event. In addition, the impact of model initialization and land surface treatment on timing, intensity, and location of extreme precipitation will be examined.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Wang, Y.; Lau, W.; Baker, R. D.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation. The model results will be compared to the simulation of the 6-7 May 2000 Missouri flash flood event. In addition, the impact of model initialization and land surface treatment on timing, intensity, and location of extreme precipitation will be examined.

Traffic safety facts 1998 : state traffic data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This publication contains a map of the United States showing 1998 traffic fatalities by state and percent change from 1997 and eleven tables containing data on the following: (1) Traffic fatalities and fatality rates, 1998; (2) Traffic fatalities and...

Quantification and Simulation of Metal Loading to the Upper Animas River, Eureka to Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado, September 1997 and August 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paschke, Suzanne S.; Kimball, Briant A.; Runkel, Robert L.

2005-01-01

Drainage from abandoned and inactive mines and from naturally mineralized areas in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado contributes metals to the upper Animas River near Silverton, Colorado. Tracer-injection studies and associated synoptic sampling were performed along two reaches of the upper Animas River to develop detailed profiles of stream discharge and to locate and quantify sources of metal loading. One tracer-injection study was performed in September 1997 on the Animas River reach from Howardsville to Silverton, and a second study was performed in August 1998 on the stream reach from Eureka to Howardsville. Drainage in the upper Animas River study reaches contributed aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, sulfate, and zinc to the surface-water system in 1997 and 1998. Colloidal aluminum, dissolved copper, and dissolved zinc were attenuated through a braided stream reach downstream from Eureka. Instream dissolved copper concentrations were lower than the State of Colorado acute and chronic toxicity standards downstream from the braided reach to Silverton. Dissolved iron load and concentrations increased downstream from Howardsville and Arrastra Gulch, and colloidal iron remained constant at low concentrations downstream from Howardsville. Instream sulfate concentrations were lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water standard of 250 milligrams per liter throughout the two study reaches. Elevated zinc concentrations are the primary concern for aquatic life in the upper Animas River. In the 1998 Eureka to Howardsville study, instream dissolved zinc load increased downstream from the Forest Queen mine, the Kittimack tailings, and Howardsville. In the 1997 Howardsville to Silverton study, there were four primary areas where zinc load increased. First, was the increase downstream from Howardsville and abandoned mining sites downstream from the Cunningham Gulch confluence, which also was measured during

Biological effects of the 1997/98 ENSO in Cook Inlet, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Piatt, John F.; Drew, Gary S.; van Pelt, Thomas I.; Abookire, Alisa A.; Nielsen, April; Shultz, Michael T.; Kitaysky, Alexander S.

1999-01-01

We have been conducting detailed studies of the biology of seabirds in relation to oceanography and forage fish ecology in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, since 1995. This fortuitously allowed us to document biological effects of the 1997/98 ENSO in this region. Anomalously warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were observed in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) beginning in June of 1997, but not in Cook Inlet until September, 1997. Warm temperature anomalies at the surface and at depth persisted until May of 1998, when temperatures returned to average in the GOA and Cook Inlet. Thus, temperature anomalies occurred outside the core window of productivity (June–August) for forage fish and seabirds in both 1997 and 1998. Abundance or production of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, and seabirds in lower Cook Inlet varied among years, and overall appeared to be depressed in 1998. We observed a few biological anomalies that might be attributed to ENSO effects: (1) a significant die-off of Common Murres occurred in March–May of 1998, (2) murres and Black-legged Kittiwakes were physiologically stressed during the 1998 breeding season, (3) murres failed to reproduce at one colony in 1998, (4) kittiwake breeding success was lower than usual at colonies in 1998, and (5) phenology of breeding was later in 1998 for both murres and kittiwakes. We presume that seabird die-offs, reduced productivity and delayed phenology were linked to a reduction or delay in food availability, but the mechanism by which anomalously warm water temperatures in winter reduce forage fish availability during the summer breeding season for seabirds is not known.

1997 Toxic Hazards Research Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

TYPE AND DATES COVERED I May 1998 Interim Report - October 1996-September 1997 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 1997 Toxic Hazards Research... 4 3 TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE) CARCINOGENICITY PROJECT ......................... 7 3.1 SYNTHESIS AND...EXPERIMENTAL ERROR AND INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY .................. 20 J.Z. Byczkowski and J.C. Lipscomb 4 HALON REPLACEMENT TOXICITY PROJECT

Assessment Program Technical Progress Report, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eickmeyer, Barbara; Hill, Stephen

This Assessment Program Progress Report (APPR) records the institutional activities that have taken place at Coconino Community College (CCC) during the 1997-98 academic year. It presents models, timelines, accomplishments, and opportunities for improvement in the assessment practices at CCC. Implementation and outcomes information is included for…

Climate dynamics along the arid northern coast of Chile: The 1997-1998 Dinámica del Clima de la Región de Antofagasta (DICLIMA) experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rutllant, José A.; Fuenzalida, Humberto; Aceituno, Patricio

2003-09-01

The DICLIMA field experiment was designed to test and quantify the hypothesis of an afternoon enhancement of the coastal subsidence in the extremely arid northern Chile because of solar heating over the west slope of the Andes. Ten-day campaigns near Antofagasta (23°S) were carried out in January 1997, July 1997, and January 1998. Significant diurnal cycles in temperature, mixing ratio, and wind from about 1000 to 4000 m above sea level were observed. This layer was decoupled from the marine boundary layer circulation below by the subsidence inversion when its base was under the average height of the coastal mountain range. The solar heating cycle over the Andes and associated circulation resulted in a mean afternoon zonal divergence above the subsidence inversion base of about 30 × 10-6 s-1, exceeding by a factor of 5 typical subtropical west coast divergences. The corresponding early morning convergence was particularly intense during the austral winter experiment. In spite of the very strong El Niño conditions that prevailed during the July 1997 and January 1998 experiments, the overwhelming control that radiation exerts on the daily cycles of the atmospheric circulation over the west slope of the Andes seems to guarantee the general validity of the results.

The United States 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butterman, W.C.; McCartan, L.; Morse, D.E.; Sibley, S.F.

1999-01-01

The US coal industry had a good year in 1998, setting another production record of 1.015 Gt (1.12 billion st), an increase of 2.6% from 1997. The increase was led by coal use for electricity generation, responding primarily to a substantial decline in hydroelectric generation. Year-end coal stocks at electric utilities swelled in 1998 for the first time in four years due to unseasonably mild fall and winter weather.

Office of Inspector General semiannual report to Congress, October 1, 1997--March 31, 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

This Office of Inspector General (OIG) Semiannual Report to the Congress covers the period from October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998. The report summarizes significant audit, inspection, and investigative accomplishments for the reporting period that facilitated Department of Energy (Department) efforts to improve management controls and ensure efficient and effective operation of its programs. This report highlights OIG accomplishments in support of its Strategic Plan. Narratives of the Office`s most significant reports are grouped by the strategic goals against which the OIG measures its performance. To put the OIG accomplishments for this reporting period in context, the following statisticalmore » information is provided: audit and inspection reports issued -- 47; recommendations that funds be put to better use -- $356,257,856; management commitment to taking corrective actions -- $289,106,445; criminal indictments/convictions -- 8; fines and recoveries -- $1,612,932; and investigative reports to management recommending positive change -- 21.« less

Maine Migrant Program: 1997-1998 Program Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bazinet, Suzanne C., Ed.

The Maine Department of Education contracts with local educational agencies to administer the Maine Migrant Education Program. The program's overall mission is to provide the support necessary for migrant children to achieve Maine's academic standards. In 1997-98, 73 local migrant programs served 9,838 students, and 63 summer programs served 1,769…

Publications of the Western Geologic Mapping Team 1997-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Paul; Powell, C.L.

1999-01-01

The Western Geologic Mapping Team (WGMT) of the U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division (USGS, GD), conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth-science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis currently include southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, the Las Vegas urban corridor, and selected National Park lands. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WGMT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WGMT released in calendar years 1997 and 1998. Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WGMT staff. However, the list also includes some publications authored by formal non-USGS cooperators with the WGMT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WGMT in cooperation with WGMT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Most of these Web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. For these, the bibliographic citation refers specifically to an explanatory pamphlet containing information about the content and accessibility of the database, not to the actual map or related information comprising the database itself.

Use of Thermal Data to Estimate Infiltration in Pagany Wash Associated with the winter of 1997-1998 El Nino Precipitation, Yucca Mountain, Nevada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

G.D. LeCain; N. lu; M. Kurzmack

Temperature and air-pressure monitoring in a vertical borehole located in Pagany Wash, a normally dry stream-carved channel northeast of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, indicated that the annual temperature wave was measurable to a depth of 11.1 m. Temperature depressions were measured at depths of 3.1, 6.1, 9.2, and 11.1 m below ground surface. The temperature depressions were interpreted to be the result of infiltration associated with the 1997-1998 El Nino precipitation. A pressure differential, of approximately 2 kiloPascals, between stations located 11.1 and 24.5 m below ground surface was interpreted to be the result of compressed air ahead of the wettingmore » front. The pressure differences between stations indicated that the wetting front migrated deeper than 35.2 m and that the Yucca Mountain Tuff retarded the downward movement of the wetting front. An analytical method indicated that the infiltration flux through the Pagany Wash alluvium due to the 1997-1998 El Nino precipitation was approximately 940 mm. A one-dimensional numerical model indicated that the infiltration flux was approximately 1000 mm. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the potential temperature decrease due to conduction was minimal and that cooler surface temperatures could not account for the measured subsurface temperature depressions.« less

A wind comparison study using an ocean general circulation model for the 1997-1998 El Niño

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hackert, Eric C.; Busalacchi, Antonio J.; Murtugudde, Ragu

2001-02-01

Predictions of the 1997-1998 El Niño exhibited a wide range of forecast skill that were dependent, in part, on the wind-driven initial conditions for the ocean. In this study the results of a reduced gravity, primitive equation, sigma coordinate ocean general circulation model are compared and contrasted when forced by several different wind products for the 1997-1998 El Niño/La Niña. The different wind products include atmospheric model winds, satellite wind products, and a subjective analysis of ship and in situ winds. The model results are verified against fields of observed sea level anomalies from TOPEX/Poseidon data, sea surface temperature analyses, and subsurface temperature from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean buoy array. Depending on which validation data type one chooses, different wind products provide the best forcing fields for simulating the observed signal. In general, the model results forced by satellite winds provide the best simulations of the spatial and temporal signal of the observed sea level. This is due to the accuracy of the meridional gradient of the zonal wind stress component that these products provide. Differences in wind forcing also affect subsurface dynamics and thermodynamics. For example, the wind products with the weakest magnitude best reproduce the sea surface temperature (SST) signal in the eastern Pacific. For these products the mixed layer is shallower, and the thermocline is closer to the surface. For such simulations the subsurface thermocline variability influences the variation in SST more than in reality. The products with the greatest wind magnitude have a strong cold bias of >1.5°C in the eastern Pacific because of increased mixing. The satellite winds along with the analysis winds correctly reproduce the depth of the thermocline and the general subsurface temperature structure.

Forest statistics for North Georgia, 1998

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson

1998-01-01

This report summarizes a 1998 inventory of the forest resources of a 21-county area of Georgia. Major findings are highlighted in text and graphs; detailed data are presented in 51 tables. This report highlights the principal findings of the seventh forest survey of North Georgia. Field work began in October 1997 and was completed in April 1998. Six previous...

Semiannual Report: Oct 1, 1997 - Mar 31, 1998

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-98-001, May, 1998. As evidenced by the success of our efforts in these and other areas, the Office of Inspector General remains committed to assisting the Agency in the accomplishment of its environmental goals.

SAMS Acceleration Measurements on Mir from May 1997 to June 1998 (NASA Increments 5, 6, and 7)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLombard, Richard

1999-01-01

During NASA Increments 5, 6, and 7 (May 1997 to June 1998), about eight gigabytes of acceleration data were collected by the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) onboard the Russian Space Station Mir. The data were recorded on twenty-seven optical disks which were returned to Earth on Orbiter missions STS-86, STS-89, and STS-91. During these increments, SAMS data were collected in the Priroda module to support various microgravity experiments. This report points out some of the salient features of the microgravity acceleration environment to which the experiments were exposed. This report presents an overview of the SAMS acceleration measurements recorded by 10 Hz and 100 Hz sensor heads. The analyses included herein complement those presented in previous Mir increment summary reports prepared by the Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project.

Assessment of the 1997-1998 Asian Monsoon Anomalies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, William K.-M.; Wu, H.-T.

1999-01-01

Using State-of-the-art satellite-gauge monthly rainfall estimate and optimally interpolated sea surface temperature (SST) data, we have assessed the 1997-98 Asian monsoon anomalies in terms of three basic causal factors: basin-scale SST, regional coupling, and internal variability. Singular Value Decomposition analysis of rainfall and SST are carried out globally over the entire tropics and regionally over the Asian monsoon domain. Contributions to monsoon rainfall predictability by various factors are evaluated from cumulative anomaly correlation with dominant regional SVD modes. Results reveal a dominant, large-scale monsoon-El Nino coupled mode with well-defined centers of action in the near-equatorial monsoon regions. it is noted that some subcontinental regions such as all-India, or arbitrarily chosen land regions over East Asia, while important socio-economically, are not near the centers of influence from El Nino, hence are not necessarily representative of the response of the entire monsoon region to El Nino. The observed 1997-98 Asian monsoon anomalies are found to be very complex with approximately 34% of the anomalies attributable to basin- scale SST influence associated with El Nino. Regional coupled processes contribute an additional 19%, leaving about 47% due to internal dynamics. Also noted is that the highest monsoon predictability is not necessary associated with major El Nino events (e.g. 1997, 1982) but rather in non-El Nino years (e.g. 1980, 1988) when contributions from the regional coupled modes far exceed those from the basin-scale SST. The results suggest that in order to improve monsoon seasonal-to-interannual predictability, there is a need to exploit not only monsoon-El Nino relationship, but also monsoon regional coupled processes and their modulation by long-term climate change.

Wavelet analysis of interannual LOD, AAM, and ENSO: 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Y. H.; Zheng, D. W.; Liao, X. H.

2001-05-01

On the basis of the data series of the length of day (LOD), the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for January 1970-June 1999, the relationship among Interannual LOD, AAM, and the EL Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is analyzed by the wavelet transform method. The results suggest that they have similar time-varying spectral structures. The signals of 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña events can be detected from the LOD or AAM data.

Mechanisms of the intensification of the upwelling-favorable winds during El Niño 1997-1998 in the Peruvian upwelling system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chamorro, Adolfo; Echevin, Vincent; Colas, François; Oerder, Vera; Tam, Jorge; Quispe-Ccalluari, Carlos

2018-01-01

The physical processes driving the wind intensification in a coastal band of 100 km off Peru during the intense 1997-1998 El Niño (EN) event were studied using a regional atmospheric model. A simulation performed for the period 1994-2000 reproduced the coastal wind response to local sea surface temperature (SST) forcing and large scale atmospheric conditions. The model, evaluated with satellite data, represented well the intensity, seasonal and interannual variability of alongshore (i.e. NW-SE) winds. An alongshore momentum budget showed that the pressure gradient was the dominant force driving the surface wind acceleration. The pressure gradient tended to accelerate the coastal wind, while turbulent vertical mixing decelerated it. A quasi-linear relation between surface wind and pressure gradient anomalies was found. Alongshore pressure gradient anomalies were caused by a greater increase in near-surface air temperature off the northern coast than off the southern coast, associated with the inhomogeneous SST warming. Vertical profiles of wind, mixing coefficient, and momentum trends showed that the surface wind intensification was not caused by the increase of turbulence in the planetary boundary layer. Moreover, the temperature inversion in the vertical mitigated the development of pressure gradient due to air convection during part of the event. Sensitivity experiments allowed to isolate the respective impacts of the local SST forcing and large scale condition on the coastal wind intensification. It was primarily driven by the local SST forcing whereas large scale variability associated with the South Pacific Anticyclone modulated its effects. Examination of other EN events using reanalysis data confirmed that intensifications of alongshore wind off Peru were associated with SST alongshore gradient anomalies, as during the 1997-1998 event.

Degrees and Other Awards Conferred by Title IV Participating, Degree-Granting Institutions, 1997-98. E.D. Tabs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Frank B.

This report presents data on postsecondary degrees conferred by U.S. institutions during the 1997-1998 academic year (July 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998). The data were collected through the Department of Education's Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). The report focuses on institutions that have a Program Participation Agreement…

FY 1998 Proposed Rail Improvement Program Supplement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This FY 1998 Proposed Rail Improvement Program Supplement contains those rail plan amendments which have been published subsequent to the FY 1997 Proposed Rail Improvement program supplement. This document also contains the benefit/cost methodology u...

Asset Management Plan: 1998-2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jefferson County School District R-1, Denver, CO.

The Jefferson County School District (Denver, Colorado) presents its final scheduling and funding source information for the 1998-2003 capital improvement program and the status of the 1992-1997 completed capital improvement project costs compared to the budget. Funding data are detailed for each of the district's 182 public schools, special use…

Compilation Process for the DOD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1997.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-09-24

we issued a disclaimer of opinion on the DoD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1997. We issued our reports on internal controls and compliance...with laws and regulations on June 22, 1998. The overall audit objective was to determine whether the DoD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1997

Forest statistics for Georgia, 1997

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson

1998-01-01

This report summarizes a 1997 inventory of the forest resources for the State of Georgia. Major findings are highlighted in text and graphs; detailed data are presented in 51 tables. This report highlights the principal findings of the seventh forest survey of Georgia. Field work began in November 1995 and was completed in April 1998. Six previous surveys,...

Market mature 1998 hybrid electric vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wyczalek, F.A.

Beginning in 1990, the major automotive passenger vehicle manufacturers once again re-evaluated the potential of the battery powered electric vehicle (EV). This intensive effort to reduce the battery EV to commercial practice focused attention on the key issue of limited vehicle range, resulting from the low energy density and high mass characteristics of batteries, in comparison to the high energy density of liquid hydrocarbon (HC) fuels. Consequently, by 1995, vehicle manufacturers turned their attention to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This redirection of EV effort was highlighted finally, in 1997, at the 57th Frankfurt Motor Show, the Audi Duo parallel typemore » hybrid was released for the domestic market as a 1998 model vehicle. Also at the 1997 32nd Tokyo Motor Show, the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) Prius was released for the domestic market as a 1998 model vehicle. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the key features of these two 1998 model year production hybrid propulsion systems. Among the conclusions, two issues are evident: one, the major manufacturers have turned to the hybrid concept in their search for solutions to the key EV issues of limited range and heating/air conditioning; and, two, the focus is now on introducing hybrid EV for test marketing domestically.« less

Forest statistics for Massachusetts: 1985 and 1998

Treesearch

Carol L. Alerich; Carol L. Alerich

2000-01-01

A statistical report on the fourth forest inventory of Massachusetts (1997-1998.) Findings are dispayed in 67 tables containing estimates of forest area numbers of trees, wildlife habitat, timber volume, growth, change, and biomass. Data are presented at two levels: state and county.

Comparative and International Education: A Bibliography (1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raby, Rosalind Latiner

1999-01-01

Bibliography of comparative and international education includes over 600 citations representing 55 journals published 1997-1998. Categories include the following: adult, agrarian, vocational, literacy, and popular education; curriculum and instruction; educational planning, development, reform, and policy; gender, ethnicity, race, and class;…

Forest statistics for Connecticut: 1985 and 1998

Treesearch

Carol L. Alerich; Carol L. Alerich

2000-01-01

A statistical report on the fourth forest inventory of Connecticut 1997-1998. Findings are displayed in 67 tables containing estimates of forest area numbers of trees wildlife habitat timber volume growth change and biomass Data are presented at two levels: state and county.

Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ryan, H.F.; Noble, M.

2002-01-01

Long-term monthly sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from central California show that during winter months, positive anomalies are associated with El Nin??o events and the negative ones with La Nin??a events. There is no significant impact on monthly mean anomalies associated with Pacific decadal oscillations, although there is a tendency for more extreme events and greater variance during positive decadal oscillations. The very strong 1997-1998 El Nin??o was analyzed with respect to the long-term historic record to assess the forcing mechanisms for sea level and SST. Beginning in the spring of 1997, we observed several long-period (> 30days) fluctuations in daily sea level with amplitudes of over 10 cm at San Francisco, California. Fluctuations of poleward long-period alongshore wind stress anomalies (AWSA) are coherent with the sea level anomalies. However, the wind stress cannot entirely account for the observed sea level signals. The sea level fluctuations are also correlated with sea level fluctuations observed further south at Los Angeles and Tumaco, Columbia, which showed a poleward phase propagation of the sea level signal. We suggest that the sea level fluctuations were, to a greater degree, forced by the passage of remotely generated and coastally trapped waves that were generated along the equator and propagated to the north along the west coast of North America. However, both local and remote AWSA can significantly modulate the sea level signals. The arrival of coastally trapped waves began in the spring of 1997, which is earlier than previous strong El Nin??o events such as the 1982-1983 event. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Water Supply at Los Alamos during 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

M. N. Maes; S. G. McLin; W. D. Purtymun

1998-12-01

Production of potable municipal water supplies during 1997 totaled about 1,285.9 million gallons from wells in the Guaje, Pajarito, and Otowi well fields. There was no water used from the spring gallery in Water Canyon or from Guaje Reservoir during 1997. About 2.4 million gallons of water from Los Alamos Reservoir was used to irrigate public parks and recreational lands. The total water usage in 1997 was about 1,288.3 million gallons, or about 135 gallons per day per person living in Los Alamos County. Groundwater pumpage was down about 82.2 million gallons in 1997 compared with the pumpage in 1996.more » Four new replacement wells were drilled and cased in Guaje Canyon between October 1997 and March 1998. These wells are currently being developed and aquifer tests are being performed. A special report summarizing the geological, geophysical, and well construction logs will be issued in the near future for these new wells.« less

Supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB): Results ofanimal bioassays published in the general literature through 1997 and bythe National Toxicology Program in 1997-1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gold, Lois Swirsky; Manley, Neela B.; Slone, Thomas H.

2005-04-08

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a systematic and unifying resource that standardizes the results of chronic, long-term animal cancer tests which have been conducted since the 1950s. The analyses include sufficient information on each experiment to permit research into many areas of carcinogenesis. Both qualitative and quantitative information is reported on positive and negative experiments that meet a set of inclusion criteria. A measure of carcinogenic potency, TD50 (daily dose rate in mg/kg body weight/day to induce tumors in half of test animals that would have remained tumor-free at zero dose), is estimated for each tissue-tumor combination reported. Thismore » article is the ninth publication of a chronological plot of the CPDB; it presents results on 560 experiments of 188 chemicals in mice, rats, and hamsters from 185 publications in the general literature updated through 1997, and from 15 Reports of the National Toxicology Program in 1997-1998. The test agents cover a wide variety of uses and chemical classes. The CPDB Web Site(http://potency.berkeley.edu/) presents the combined database of all published plots in a variety of formats as well as summary tables by chemical and by target organ, supplemental materials on dosing and survival, a detailed guide to using the plot formats, and documentation of methods and publications. The overall CPDB, including the results in this article, presents easily accessible results of 6153 experiments on 1485 chemicals from 1426 papers and 429 NCI/NTP (National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology program) Technical Reports. A tab-separated format of the full CPDB for reading the data into spreadsheets or database applications is available on the Web Site.« less

The UNO Aviation Monograph Series: The Airline Quality Rating 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowen, Brent D.; Headley, Dean E.

1998-01-01

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline performance on combined multiple factors important to consumers. Development history and calculation details for the AQR rating system are detailed in The Airline Quality Rating 1991 issued in April, 1991, by the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 1998, contains monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 1997. Additional copies are available by contacting Wichita State University or University of Nebraska at Omaha. The Airline Quality Rating 1998 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the ten major U.S. airlines operating during 1997. Using the Airline Quality Rating system and monthly performance data for each airline for the calendar year of 1997, individual and comparative ratings are reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for major airlines domestic operations for the 12 month period of 1997, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 1991 through 1996 are included to provide a longer term view of quality in the industry.

CPI detailed report : data for December 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) declined 0.1 percent in December, before seasonal adjustment. The December 1998 CPI-U level of 163.9 (1982-84=100) was 1.6 percent higher than the index in December 1997. The Consumer Price Ind...

Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay: June 1997 to June 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butman, Bradford; Alexander, P. Soupy; Bothner, Michael H.

2004-01-01

This report presents time-series photographs of the sea floor obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed at Site A in western Massachusetts Bay (42° 22.6' N., 70? 47.0' W., 30 m water depth, from June 1997 through June 1998. Site A is approximately 1 km south of an ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. Time-series photographs and oceanographic observations were initiated at Site A in December 1989 and are anticipated to continue to September 2005. This is the first in a series of reports planned to summarize and distribute these images in digital form. The objective of these reports is to enable easy and rapid viewing of the photographs and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The images, obtained every 4 hours, are presented as a movie (in .avi format, which may be viewed using an image viewer such as QuickTime or Windows Media Player) and as individual images (.tif format). The images provide time-series observations of changes of the sea floor and near-bottom water properties.

Comparative Costs and Staffing Report for Educational Facilities, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glazner, Steve, Ed.

This report presents comparative data on facility management costs and staffing based on responses from 193 U.S. postsecondary educational facilities and K-12 institutions during 1997-98. It also lists data from both private and public institutions. Section 1 contains general data on the survey response tally and institutional profiles listed by…

Forest statistics for Rhode Island: 1985 and 1998

Treesearch

Carol L. Alerich; Carol L. Alerich

2000-01-01

A statistical report on the fourth forest inventory of Rhode Island (1997-1998.) Findings are displayed in 67 tables containing estimates of forest area numbers of trees, wildlife habitat, timber, volume, growth, change and biomass. Data are presented at two levels: state and county.

The New Zealand cataract and refractive surgery survey 1997/1998.

PubMed

Elder, M; Tarr, K; Leaming, D

2000-04-01

This study documents the current practice for cataract and refractive surgery in New Zealand. A postal questionnaire was distributed in late 1997 to all consultant members of the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand that were resident in the country at that time. Most questions were identical to the 1997 survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refraction Surgeons (ASCRS) to enable a comparison. There were 98 returns from 101 surveys distributed. Of the returns, 72 performed cataract surgery, 23 performed PRK and 11 performed LASIK. ASCRS members did more refractive surgery than did New Zealanders: 28 versus 1% of 1-5 RK per month, 7 versus 1% of 1-2 clear lens extractions per month and 85 versus 51% had access to an excimer laser. For cataract surgery, ASCRS members used more topical anaesthesia (30 vs 5.5%), used no sutures more often (73 vs 51%), used more preoperative antibiotics (76 vs 26%) and used fewer injections of antibiotic/steroids (38 vs 61%). Otherwise the two groups were broadly similar.

PCBs and OH-PCBs in polar bear mother-cub pairs: a comparative study based on plasma levels in 1998 and 2008.

PubMed

Bytingsvik, Jenny; Lie, Elisabeth; Aars, Jon; Derocher, Andrew E; Wiig, Øystein; Jenssen, Bjørn M

2012-02-15

The aim of this study was to examine the plasma concentrations and prevalence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCB-metabolites (OH-PCBs) in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) mothers (n=26) and their 4 months old cubs-of-the-year (n=38) from Svalbard to gain insight into the mother-cub transfer, biotransformation and to evaluate the health risk associated with the exposure to these contaminants. As samplings were performed in 1997/1998 and 2008, we further investigated the differences in levels and pattern of PCBs between the two sampling years. The plasma concentrations of Σ(21)PCBs (1997/1998: 5710 ± 3090 ng/g lipid weight [lw], 2008: 2560 ± 1500 ng/g lw) and Σ(6)OH-PCBs (1997/1998: 228 ± 60 ng/g wet weight [ww], 2008: 80 ± 38 ng/g ww) in mothers were significantly lower in 2008 compared to in 1997/1998. In cubs, the plasma concentrations of Σ(21)PCBs (1997/1998: 14680 ± 5350 ng/g lw, 2008: 6070 ± 2590 ng/g lw) and Σ(6)OH-PCBs (1997/1998: 98 ± 23 ng/g ww, 2008: 49 ± 21 ng/g ww) were also significantly lower in 2008 than in 1997/1998. Σ(21)PCBs in cubs was 2.7 ± 0.7 times higher than in their mothers. This is due to a significant maternal transfer of these contaminants. In contrast, Σ(6)OH-PCBs in cubs were approximately 0.53 ± 0.16 times the concentration in their mothers. This indicates a lower maternal transfer of OH-PCBs compared to PCBs. The majority of the metabolite/precursor-ratios were lower in cubs compared to mothers. This may indicate that cubs have a lower endogenous capacity to biotransform PCBs to OH-PCBs than polar bear mothers. Exposure to PCBs and OH-PCBs is a potential health risk for polar bears, and the levels of PCBs and OH-PCBs in cubs from 2008 were still above levels associated with health effects in humans and wildlife. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Investing in Development. Inter-American Foundation: 1998 in Review, October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inter-American Foundation, Arlington, VA.

This report summarizes 1998 activities of the Inter-American Foundation (IAF), an independent agency of the U.S. government. The IAF promotes equitable, participatory, and sustainable self-help development in Latin America and the Caribbean by awarding grants directly to local organizations, as well as by entering into partnerships with public-…

Profile of Hired Farmworkers, 1998 Annual Averages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Runyan, Jack L.

This report draws on data from the 1997 Census of Agriculture and the 1998 Current Population Survey earnings microdata file to present information on the patterns of farm labor use and the demographic and employment characteristics of hired farmworkers in the United States. Approximately 875,000 persons 15 years of age and older did hired…

THE MID-ATLANTIC INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MAIA - ESTUARIES 1997-1998 SUMMARY REPORT

EPA Science Inventory

During the summers of 1997-98, a consortium of federal and state environmental agencies conducted the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) program to characterize the environmental condition of the four major estuaries in the the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The...

Marine nekton off Oregon and the 1997 98 El Nino

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pearcy, W. G.

2002-09-01

Several species of migratory, warm-water, oceanic fishes invaded Oregon waters during the summer of 1997. Also, the jumbo squid ( Dosidicus gigas), common in the eastern tropical Pacific, was reported for the first time in 1997 and was caught in large numbers. The occurrence of these oceanic nekton was associated with inshore advection of anomalously warm water. During 1998, after arrival of the main El Niño signal, some warm-water coastal fishes appeared off Oregon. However, unlike observations off California, fewer species of warm-water coastal fishes were noted during the 1997-98 El Niño than during the 1982-83 El Niño.

Characterization by PCR of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates collected during the 1997-1998 Chilean outbreak.

PubMed

Córdova, José Luis; Astorga, Josefa; Silva, Wally; Riquelme, Carlos

2002-01-01

Between November 1997 and April 1998, several human gastroenteritis cases were reported in Antofagasta, a city in the north of Chile. This outbreak was associated with the consumption of shellfish, and the etiologic agent responsible was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This was the first report of this bacterium causing an epidemic in Chile. V. parahaemolyticus was the only pathogenic bacterium isolated from patient stools and from shellfish samples. These isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pR72H gene, a species-specific sequence. Based on the pR72H gene amplification pattern, at least three different isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were found. Two isolates (named amplicons A and C) generated PCR products of approximately 400 bp and 340 bp respectively, while another type of isolate designated B, did not generate a PCR product, regardless of which method of DNA purification was used. Sequence analysis of the amplicons A and C shows that they have an 80 bp and 183 bp conserved region at the 5' end of the gene. However, both isolates have different sequences at their 3' terminus and are also different from the pR72H sequence originally reported. Using this PCR assay we demonstrated that these three isolates were found in clinical samples as well as in shellfish. The warm seawater caused by the climatological phenomena "El Niño" perhaps favored the geographic dispersion of the bacterium (bacterial bloom) occurring in Antofagasta that occurred during that time of year.

Ten Cities, 1997-1998: A Snapshot of Family Homelessness across America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Homes for the Homeless, Inc., New York, NY.

In 1997, the Institute for Children and Poverty of Homes for the Homeless joined with more than 58 organizations from 10 cities across the country to develop a national snapshot of family homelessness in the United States. Nearly 800 families were surveyed. This report presents the results of this research. The typical homeless family in the…

Plankton biomass and larval fish abundance prior to and during the El Niño period of 1997 1998 along the central Pacific coast of México

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

C. Franco-Gordo; Godínez-Domínguez, E.; Filonov, A. E.; Tereshchenko, I. E.; Freire, J.

2004-11-01

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton biomass and larval fish recorded during 27 months (December 1995-December 1998) off the Pacific coast of central México are analyzed. A total of 316 samples were obtained by surface (from 40-68 to 0 m) oblique hauls at 12 sampling sites using a Bongo net. Two well-defined periods were observed: a pre-ENSO period (December 1995-march 1997) and an ENSO event (July 1997-September 1998) characterized by impoverishment of the pelagic habitat. The highest biomass concentrations occurred at coastal stations during the pre-ENSO period. During the El Niño period no spatial patterns were found in coastal waters. The months with highest biomass were those in which the lowest sea surface temperature (SST) occurred (January-May), and this pattern was also observed during the ENSO period. A typical, although attenuated, seasonal environmental pattern with enhanced phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) was prevalent during the El Niño event in nearshore waters. During the El Niño period the phytoplankton was mainly small diatoms (microphytoplankton), while dinoflagellates were practically absent. The most parsimonious generalized linear models explaining spatial and temporal distribution of larval fish species included the ENSO index (MEI), upwelling index (UI) and distance to the coast. The environmental variability defined on an interannual time-scale by the ENSO event and the seasonal hydroclimatic pattern defined by the UI (intra-annual-scale) controlled the ecosystem productivity patterns. The small-scale distribution patterns (defined by a cross-shore gradient) of plankton were related to the hydroclimatic seasonality and modulated by interannual anomalies.

Continental-scale partitioning of fire emissions during the 1997 to 2001 El Niño/La Niña period.

PubMed

van der Werf, Guido R; Randerson, James T; Collatz, G James; Giglio, Louis; Kasibhatla, Prasad S; Arellano, Avelino F; Olsen, Seth C; Kasischke, Eric S

2004-01-02

During the 1997 to 1998 El Niño, drought conditions triggered widespread increases in fire activity, releasing CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere. We evaluated the contribution of fires from different continents to variability in these greenhouse gases from 1997 to 2001, using satellite-based estimates of fire activity, biogeochemical modeling, and an inverse analysis of atmospheric CO anomalies. During the 1997 to 1998 El Niño, the fire emissions anomaly was 2.1 +/- 0.8 petagrams of carbon, or 66 +/- 24% of the CO2 growth rate anomaly. The main contributors were Southeast Asia (60%), Central and South America (30%), and boreal regions of Eurasia and North America (10%).

DataView: National Health Expenditures, 1998

PubMed Central

Cowan, Cathy A.; Lazenby, Helen C.; Martin, Anne B.; McDonnell, Patricia A.; Sensenig, Arthur L.; Stiller, Jean M.; Whittle, Lekha S.; Kotova, Kimberly A.; Zezza, Mark A.; Donham, Carolyn S.; Long, Anna M.; Stewart, Madie W.

1999-01-01

In 1998, national health care expenditures reached $1.1 trillion, an increase of 5.6 percent from the previous year. This marked the fifth consecutive year of spending growth under 6 percent. Underlying the stability of the overall growth, major changes began taking place within the Nation's health care system. Public payers felt the initial effects of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA), and private payers experienced increased health care costs and increased premium growth. PMID:11481774

Reporting of DOD Inventory and Operating Materials and Supplies on the FY 1997 DOD Consolidated Financial Statements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-11-05

The overall audit objective was to determine whether the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements were presented fairly in accordance with the...disclaimer of opinion on the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements . We issued our report on internal controls and compliance with laws and regulations on June 22, 1998.

NCPV FY 1998 Annual Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, R. D.; Hansen, A.

1999-07-19

This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) from October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998 (FY 1998). The NCPV is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996-2000. The mission of the DOE National Photovoltaics Program is to make PV a significant part of the domestic economy--as an industry and as an energy resource. The two primary goals of the national program are to (1) maintain the U.S. industry's world leadership inmore » research and technology development and (2) help the U.S. industry remain a major, profitable force in the world market. The NCPV provides leadership and support to the national program toward achieving its mission and goals.« less

Gambling Participation, Expenditure and Risk of Harm in Australia, 1997-1998 and 2010-2011.

PubMed

Armstrong, Andrew Richard; Thomas, Anna; Abbott, Max

2018-03-01

Gambling-related harm results primarily from financial losses. Internationally Australia continues to rank as the largest spending nation per capita on gambling products. This would suggest that Australian gamblers are at disproportionately high risk of harm despite almost two decades of industry scrutiny and regulation, and investment in research, treatment and education programs. However, declines in participation rates, per capita expenditure, household expenditure, national disposable income spent on gambling and problem gambling rates have been cited as evidence that fewer people are gambling, that gamblers are spending less, and that gambling safety in Australia has improved. The current study investigated these propositions using national population and accounts data, and statistics from Australia's two population-representative gambling surveys conducted in 1997-1998 and 2010-2011. Despite a falling participation rate the study found no real change in the number of people gambling overall, and increasing numbers consuming casino table games, race wagering and sports betting. Further found were increases rather than decreases in average gambler expenditure, overall, and across most products, particularly electronic gaming machines (EGMs). Potentially risky levels of average expenditure were observed in both periods, overall and for race wagering, casino table gaming, and EGMs. Changes in the proportion of income spent on gambling suggest risks declined overall and for race wagering and casino table gaming, but increased for EGMs. Finally, while problem gambling statistics were not comparable between periods, the study found double the number of moderate risk gamblers previously estimated for 2010-2011 amongst the 2 million Australians found to have experienced one or more gambling-related problems. The findings have implications for public health policy and resourcing, and the way in which prevalence and expenditure statistics have been interpreted by

Infrared Solar Spectroscopic Measurements of Free Tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal Variations and Evidence for Enhanced Emissions from the Southeast Asian Fires of 1997-1998. Revised

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Stephen, T. M.; Pougatchev, N. S.; Fishman, J.; David, S. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Novelli, P. C.; Jones, N. B.;

Infrared Solar Spectroscopic Measurements of Free Tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal Variations and Evidence for Enhanced Emissions from the Southeast Asian Tropical Fires of 1997-1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Stephen, T. M.; Pougatchev, N. S.; Fishman, J.; David, S. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Novelli, P. C.; Jones, N. B.

1999-01-01

High spectral resolution (0.003 per cm) infrared solar absorption measurements of CO, C2H6, and HCN have been recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change station on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, (19.5N, 155.6W, altitude 3.4 km). The observations were obtained on over 250 days between August 1995 and February 1998. Column measurements are reported for the 3.4-16 km altitude region, which corresponds approximately to the free troposphere above the station. Average CO mixing ratios computed for this layer have been compared with flask sampling CO measurements obtained in situ at the station during the same time period. Both show asymmetrical seasonal cycles superimposed on significant variability. The first 2 years of observations exhibit a broad January-April maximum and a sharper CO minimum during late summer. The C2H6 and CO 3.4-16 km columns were highly correlated throughout the observing period with the C2H6/CO slope intermediate between higher and lower values derived from similar infrared spectroscopic measurements at 32'N and 45'S latitude, respectively. Variable enhancements in CO, C2H6, and particularly HCN were observed beginning in about September 1997. The maximum HCN free tropospheric monthly mean column observed in November 1997 corresponds to an average 3.4-16 km mixing ratio of 0.7 ppbv (1 ppbv = 10(exp -9) per unit volume), more than a factor of 3 above the background level. The HCN enhancements continued through the end of the observational series. Back-trajectory calculations suggest that the emissions originated at low northern latitudes in southeast Asia. Surface CO mixing ratios and the C2H6 tropospheric columns measured during the same time also showed anomalous autumn 1997 maxima. The intense and widespread tropical wild fires that burned during the strong El Nino warm phase of 1997- 1998 are the likely source of the elevated emission products.

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President: Fiscal Year 1998 Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 directed the annual Aeronautics and Space Report to include a "comprehensive description of the programmed activities and the accomplishments of all agencies of the United States in the field of aeronautics and space activities during the preceding calendar year. In recent years, the reports have been prepared on a fiscal year (FY) basis, consistent with the budgetary period now used in programs of the Federal Government. This year's report covers activities that took place from October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998. The activities of agencies included are NASA, the Department of Defense, The Federal Aviation Administration, the Department of Commerce, the Department of the Interior, the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, the Department of State, the Department of Energy, the Smithsonian Institution, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Information Agency. Appendices cover the U.S. Government Spacecraft Record, World Record of Space Launches Successful in Attaining Earth Orbit or Beyond , Successful Launches to Orbit on U.S. Launch Vehicles, October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998, U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights, 1961-September 30, 1998, U.S. Space Launch Vehicles, Space Activities of the U.S. Government-Historical Budget Summary, Space Activities of the U.S. Government-Budget Authority in Equivalent FY 1998 Dollars, Federal Space Activities Budget, Federal Aeronautics Budget, and a glossary

A comparison of sea surface salinity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1997-1998, 2012-2013, and 2014-2015 ENSO events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, Caroline M.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu; Giese, Benjamin S.

2017-11-01

Sea surface salinity (SSS) variability during the 1997-1998 El Niño event and the failed 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 El Niño events is explored using a combination of observations and ocean reanalyses. Previously, studies have mainly focused on the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) variability. This analysis utilizes salinity data from Argo and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis to examine the SSS variability. Advective processes and evaporation minus precipitation (E-P) variability is understood to influence SSS variability. Using surface wind, surface current, evaporation, and precipitation data, we analyze the causes for the observed SSS variability during each event. Barrier layer thickness and upper level salt content are also examined in connection to subsurface salinity variability. Both advective processes and E-P variability are important during the generation and onset of a successful El Niño, while a lack of one or both of these processes leads to a failed ENSO event.

Impacts of ENSO on the South American Summer Monsoon During 1997-1999

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Zhou, Jia-Yu; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Using the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis, and CPC Merged Analysis Product (CMAP) rainfall, we have compared and contrasted the anomalies of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) during two extreme years of 1997/98 (EI Nino) and 1998/99 (La Nina). The results are assessed against a "canonical" ENSO response (CER) pattern for the SASM obtained from empirical mode decomposition based on a previous period (1980-1995). Overall, the SASM anomalies compare well with CER, but with some important differences. Anomalies occurring in the warm phase of the 1997-98 El Nino are very significant and robust, while those occurring in 1998/99 La Nina, appear to be reversed from 1997/98, but are relatively weak and less well-defined. The most pronounced signal in DJF 1997/98 is the development of drought conditions in northern Brazil, excessive rainfall over northern Peru and Ecuador, and over Uruguay and southern Brazil. The tropical rainfall anomalies are associated with the eastward shift of the Walker circulation, which is represented by pronounced low-level anomalous westerlies over the equatorial eastern Pacific and easterlies over northern Brazil. The easterlies are deflected sharply southeastward by the steep topography of the Andes, enhancing the low-level jet (LLJ) along the eastern foothills of the Andes near 15-20 S. The LLJ penetrates deep into the extratropics, yielding rainfall anomalies further poleward compared to CER. During DJF 1997/98, the eastward expansion of the warm tropospheric temperature over the Nino-3 region causes anomalous geopotential height to develop in the upper troposphere above the Altiplano, leading to a strengthened Bolivian High. An upper-tropospheric jet anomaly maximum is found over the subtropical continent near 30 S, due to increasing meridional gradient of tropospheric temperature, as well as teleconnection patterns linking the South Pacific and the South Atlantic. Consistent with the CER, the South

Aviation System Analysis Capability Quick Response System Report for Fiscal Year 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ege, Russell; Villani, James; Ritter, Paul

1999-01-01

This document presents the additions and modifications made to the Quick Response System (QRS) in FY 1998 in support of the ASAC QRS development effort. this Document builds upon the Aviation System Analysis Capability Quick Responses System Report for Fiscal Year 1997.

Diet dynamics of the juvenile piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA, 1997-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pelham, M.E.; Pierce, C.L.; Larscheid, J.G.

2001-01-01

We assessed temporal dynamics and variation among species and age-classes in the diets of age 0 and age 1 piscivorous fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA during 1997 and 1998. Species included walleye Stizostedion vitreum, yellow perch Perca flavescens, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white bass Morone chrysops. Thirty taxa were identified in diets, including 12 species of fish. We found dramatic differences in diets among species, among age-classes within species and over time. Walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and white bass were piscivorous at age 0. Black crappie began piscivory at age 1. Yellow perch also began piscivory at age 1, but fish were a very small fraction of age-1 diets. The primary temporal pattern, seen in several species and age- classes, was an increase in piscivory from spring to fall. This pattern was due to the lack of small, age-0 prey fish in spring. Although some patterns were evident, the taxonomic composition of the diets of all species was highly variable over time, making generalizations difficult. A surprising result was the absence of yellow perch in the diet of age-0 walleye, despite their abundance in Spirit Lake and prominence in diets of age-1 walleye and other age 1-piscivores. Age-0 yellow perch were consistently too large to be eaten by age-0 piscivores, which preyed primarily on invertebrates and smaller fish such as johnny darters Etheostoma nigrum and age 0 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. This finding suggests that predator-prey interactions and resulting population dynamics may be quite different in Spirit Lake than in other systems dominated by walleye and yellow perch.

NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three-Part Cumulative Update of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every six months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.

TECH-NJ: Technology, Educators, & CHildren with Disabilities--New Jersey, 1996-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TECH-NJ: Technology, Educators, & CHildren with disabilities--New Jersey, 1998

1998-01-01

These six issues of "TECH-NJ" from winter 1997 to fall 1998 focus on technology and children with disabilities in New Jersey. Featured articles include: (1) "Untangling the World Wide Web" (Kathleen Foster and Gerald Quinn); (2) "Combining Technology with Cooperative Learning: The Great Solar System" (Lisa Gregory);…

Michigan Community Colleges Activities Classification Structure (ACS) 1997-98 Data Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan State Dept. of Education, Lansing.

Based on data submitted by Michigan's 28 community colleges for 1997-98, this report provides instructional, enrollment, personnel, revenue, and expenditure information at the state's colleges and reviews the state funding formula. Section 1 provides historical data from 1987 to 1998 on state appropriations, property tax revenue, tuition and fee…

Cardiorespiratory hospitalizations associated with smoke exposure during the 1997, Southeast Asian forest fires.

PubMed

Mott, Joshua A; Mannino, David M; Alverson, Clinton J; Kiyu, Andrew; Hashim, Jamilah; Lee, Tzesan; Falter, Kenneth; Redd, Stephen C

2005-01-01

We investigated the cardiorespiratory health effects of smoke exposure from the 1997 Southeast Asian Forest Fires among persons who were hospitalized in the region of Kuching, Malaysia. We selected admissions to seven hospitals in the Kuching region from a database of all hospital admissions in the state of Sarawak during January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1998. For several cardiorespiratory disease classifications we used Holt-Winters time-series analyses to determine whether the total number of monthly hospitalizations during the forest fire period (August 1 to October 31, 1997), or post-fire period (November 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997) exceeded forecasted estimates established from a historical baseline period of January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997. We also identified age-specific cohorts of persons whose members were admitted for specific cardiorespiratory problems during January 1 to July 31 of each year (1995--1997). We compared Kaplan-Meier survival curves of time to first readmission for the 1997 cohorts (exposed to the forest fire smoke) with the survival curves for the 1995 and 1996 cohorts (not exposed, pre-fire cohorts). The time-series analyses indicated that statistically significant fire-related increases were observed in respiratory hospitalizations, specifically those for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The survival analyses indicated that persons over age 65 years with previous hospital admissions for any cause (chi2(1df) = 5.98, p = 0.015), any cardiorespiratory disease (chi2(1df) = 5.3, p = 0.02), any respiratory disease (chi2(1df) = 7.8, p = 0.005), or COPD (chi2(1df) = 3.9, p = 0.047), were significantly more likely to be rehospitalized during the follow-up period in 1997 than during the follow-up periods in the pre-fire years of 1995 or 1996. The survival functions of the exposed cohorts resumed similar trajectories to unexposed cohorts during the post-fire period of November 1, 1997 to December 31, 1998. Communities

Report on Transfers and Degrees and Certificates Awarded, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Office of the Chancellor.

This document is a summary of the degrees, awards, and certificates completed at community colleges in California during the 1997-1998 academic year. Table 1 presents the number of degrees and certificates awarded by district and college. The largest number of degrees and certificates were awarded in Los Angeles (4,693), Los Rios (2,610), Ventura…

Coherent Modes of Global SST and Summer Rainfall over China: An Assessment of the Regional Impacts of the 1997-98 El Nino/ La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Weng, Hengyi

1999-01-01

In this paper, we have identified three principal modes of summertime rainfall variability over China and global sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1955-1998. Using these modes, we have assessed the impact of the El Nino/La Nina on major drought and flood occurrence over China during 1997-1998. The first mode can be identified with the growth phase of El Nino superimposed on a linear warming trend since the mid-1950s. This mode strongly influences rainfall over northern China. The second mode comprises of a quasi-biennial tendency manifested in alternate wet and dry years over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) of central China. The third mode is dominated by a quasi-decadal oscillation in eastern China between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Using a mode-by-mode reconstruction, we evaluate the impacts of the various principal modes on the 1997 and 1998 observed rainfall anomaly. We find that the severe drought in northern China, and to a lesser degree the flood in southern China, in 1997 is likely a result of the influence of anomalous SST forcing during the growth phase of the El Nino. In addition, rainfall in southern China may be influenced by the decadal or long-term SST variability. The severe flood over the Yangtze River Valley in 1998 is associated with the biennial tendency of basin scale SST during the transition from El Nino to La Nina in 1997-98. Additionally, the observed prolonged drought over northern China and increasing flooding over the YRV since the 1950s may be associated with a long-term warming trend in the tropical Indian and western Pacific ocean. During 1997, the El Nino SST exacerbated the drought situation over northern China. In 1998, the drought appeared to get temporary relief from the La Nina anomalous SST forcing.

Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Truini, Margot; Baum, Bradley M.; Littin, Gregory R.; Shingoitewa-Honanie, Gayl

2000-01-01

The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water pumping from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, (4) flowmeter tests, and (5) ground-water and surface-water chemistry. In 1998, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,060 acre-feet, which is less than a 1 percent decrease from 1997. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer decreased by less than 1 percent to 5,470 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer increased by less than 1 percent to 1,590 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined part of the aquifer were recorded in 10 of 14 wells during 1998, and the median change from 1997 was a decline of 3.0 feet as opposed to a rise of 0.2 feet for the change from 1996 to 1997. Water-level declines in the unconfined part of the aquifer were recorded in 9 of 16 wells, and the median change from 1997 was 0.0 feet, which is the same as the median change from 1996 to 1997. Of the 35 pumpage meters on municipal wells that were tested, the difference between metered and tested discharge ranged from +6.3 to -19.6 percent. The average difference was about -3.4 percent. Five of the meters exceeded the allowable difference (10 percent) and should be repaired or replaced. The low-flow discharge at the Moenkopi streamflow-gaging station ranged from 2.6 to 4.7 cubic feet per second in 1998. Streamflow-discharge measurements also were made at Laguna Creek, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash during 1998. The low-flow discharge ranged from 0.41 to 5.1 cubic feet

NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three-Part Cumulative Update of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Supplement 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every six months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.

Medicare program; delay in implementing the adjustments to the practice expense relative value units under the physician fee schedule for calendar year 1998--HCFA. Notice of intent to regulate.

PubMed

1997-10-31

This notice identifies provisions in the Medicare physician fee schedule regulations that are affected by enactment of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 1997). Section 4505 of the BBA 1997 postpones implementation of a resource-based practice expense relative value unit system until January 1, 1999 and provides for a 4-year transition. In addition, it provides for an adjustment for practice expense relative value units for 1998. It also requires publication of a new proposed rule for practice expense by May 1, 1998, thus requiring significant revision of our proposal contained in the proposed rule published June 18, 1997 (62 FR 33158).

Effect of the 1997 El Niño on the distribution of upper tropospheric cirrus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massie, Steven; Lowe, Paul; Tie, Xuexi; Hervig, Mark; Thomas, Gary; Russell, James

2000-09-01

Geographical distributions of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) aerosol extinction data for 1993-1998 are analyzed in the troposphere and stratosphere at pressures between 121 and 46 hPa. The El Niño conditions of 1997 increased upper tropospheric cirrus over the mid-Pacific and decreased cirrus over Indonesia. Longitudinal centroids of cirrus in the Pacific and over Indonesia shifted eastward by 25° in the troposphere in 1997. Longitudinal centroids of aerosol in the lower stratosphere do not exhibit longitudinal shifts in 1997, indicating that the effects of El Niño upon equatorial particle distributions are confined to the troposphere. The correlation of the longitudinal centroids of outgoing longwave radiation and HALOE extinction confirms the spatial relationship between deep convective clouds and upper tropospheric cirrus. The number of cirrus events observed each year in 1993-1998 in the upper troposphere are quite similar for the region from the Indian Ocean to the mid-Pacific (30°S to 30°N, 50° to 240°E).

Cluster of HIV-positive young women--New York, 1997-1998.

PubMed

1999-05-28

As of July 1997, six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in young women who reported sexual contact with the same HIV-infected man (putative index case-patient) were detected at health-service clinics in a rural county in upstate New York. During the next several months, other sexual contacts of the man were discovered by public health officials through routine voluntary partner notification interviews, interviews with exposed women, and after a public announcement resulted in counseling and testing of approximately 1400 persons in the county. This report presents epidemiologic and laboratory findings of the young women investigated as part of this cluster and suggests a common source of HIV infection for these women.

FACCCTS: The Journal of the Faculty Association of California Community Colleges, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Katherine, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document contains the four Faculty Association of California Community Colleges (FACCCTS) newsletters published during the 1997-98 academic year. The first issue, entitled "Realities, Myths, and Perceptions of the California Community Colleges," contains the following articles: "Myth Perceptions,""Budget Brings Great…

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed, land surface model, PLACE (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange). The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The control simulation with the PLACE land surface model and variable sea surface temperature captured the basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. Sensitivity tests indicated that simulations were sigmficantly improved by including the PLACE land surface model. The mechanism by which the land surface processes affect the moisture transport and the convection during the onset of the southeast Asian monsoon were analyzed. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation: the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-china peninsula and the northern, cold frontal intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level wind due to the thermal wind effect. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the detailed, land surface model improved the low-level wind simulation apd associated moisture transport and convection.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed, land surface model, PLACE (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange). The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The control simulation with the PLACE land surface model and variable sea surface temperature captured the basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. Sensitivity tests indicated that simulations were significantly improved by including the PLACE land surface model. The mechanism by which the land surface processes affect the moisture transport and the convection during the onset of the southeast Asian monsoon were analyzed. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation: the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern, cold frontal intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes modified the low-level temperature distribution and merit, and therefore the low-level wind due to the thermal wind effect. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the detailed, land surface model improved the low-level wind simulation and associated moisture transport and convection.

Tropical Warm Pool Surface Heat Budgets and Temperature: Contrasts Between 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chou, Shu-Hsien; Chou, Ming-Dah; Chan, Pui-King; Lin, Po-Hsiung; Wang, Kung-Hwa

2003-01-01

Seasonal and interannual variations of the net surface heating F(sub NET) and sea surface temperature tendency (T(sub s)/dt) in the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans are studied. The surface heat fluxes are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite radiance measurements for the period October 1997-September 2000. It is found that the magnitude of solar heating is lager than that of evaporative cooling, but the spatial variation of the latter is significantly large than the former. As a result, the spatial variations of seasonal and interannual variability of F(sub NET), follow closely that of evaporative cooling. Seasonal variations of F(sub NET) and T(sub s)/dt are significantly correlated, except for the equatorial western Pacific. The high correlation is primarily attributable to high correlation between seasonal cycles of solar heating and T(sub s)/dt. The change of F(sub NET) between 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-99 La Nina is significantly larger in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean than tropical western Pacific. For the former region, the reduced evaporative cooling arising from weakened winds during the El Nino is generally associated with enhanced solar heating due to decreased cloudiness, and thus increases the interannual variability of F(sub NET). For the latter region, the reduced evaporative cooling due to weakened winds is generally associated with but exceeds the reduced solar heating arising from increased cloudiness, and vise versa. Thus the interannual variability of F(sub NET) is reduced due to this offsetting effect. Interannual variations of F(sub NET) and T(sub s)/dt have very low correlation. This is most likely related to interannual variability of ocean dynamics, which includes the variations of solar radiation penetrating through oceanic mixed layer, upwelling of cold thermocline water, Indonesian throughflow for transporting heat from the Pacific to Indian Ocean, and

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997.

PubMed Central

Toro, J.; Vega, J. D.; Khan, A. S.; Mills, J. N.; Padula, P.; Terry, W.; Yadón, Z.; Valderrama, R.; Ellis, B. A.; Pavletic, C.; Cerda, R.; Zaki, S.; Shieh, W. J.; Meyer, R.; Tapia, M.; Mansilla, C.; Baro, M.; Vergara, J. A.; Concha, M.; Calderon, G.; Enria, D.; Peters, C. J.; Ksiazek, T. G.

1998-01-01

An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area. PMID:9866751

Effects of Mitigative Measures on Productivity of White Sturgeon Populations in the Columbia River Downstream from McNary Dam: Determine Status and Habitat Requirements of White Sturgeon Populations in the Columbia and Snake Rivers Upstream from McNary Dam, 1997-1998 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ward, David L.

The authors report on their progress from April 1997 through March 1998 on determining the effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and on determining the status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. The study is a cooperative effort by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW; Report A), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW; Report B), U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS; Report C), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS; Report D), U.S. Fish andmore » Wildlife Service (USFWS; Report E), and Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC; Report F). This is a multi-year study with many objectives requiring more than one year to complete. Therefore, findings from a given year may be part of more significant findings yet to be reported. Highlights of results of the work from April 1997 through March 1998 listed.« less

National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 1998 Accountability Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This Accountability Report summarizes NASA's program accomplishments and its stewardship over budget and financial resources. The report is the culmination of NASA's management process, which begins with mission definition and program planning, continues with formulation and justification of NASA's budgets for the President and Congress, and ends with NASA scientific and engineering program accomplishments. This report covers NASA's activities from October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998, with discussion of some subsequent events.

Scientific American Frontiers Teaching Guides for Shows 801-805, October 1997-April 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut Public Television, Hartford.

These teaching guides are meant to supplement the eighth season (1997-98) of the PBS Series "Scientific American Frontiers". Episode 801 is entitled "Expedition Panama: Science at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute" and the teaching guide contains information and activities on the ultrasonic communication of bats,…

Medical abortion options may advance in 1998.

PubMed

1997-12-01

The US debut of mifepristone (RU-486) was delayed in 1997 by legal and manufacturer problems. However, the Population Council is searching worldwide for companies to produce mifepristone for the US market. In the meantime, women in a number of US cities can obtain mifepristone through clinical trials coordinated by the New York City-based Abortion Rights Mobilization. The trials are evaluating the effectiveness of a 200 mg dosage of the drug and will continue until there is a commercial product. New developments in medical abortion will be announced in 1998. Currently, 29 Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) affiliates are recruiting women for its study of methotrexate and misoprostol. By midsummer 1998, the organization expects to have data from what is the largest multicenter trial to date of a methotrexate and misoprostol medical abortion regimen.

NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three-Part Cumulative Update of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Supplement 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every 6 months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.

NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three-Part Cumulative Update of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Supplement 7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every six months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) correspond to Volumes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.

New Mexico aggregate production sites, 1997-1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Orris, Greta J.

2000-01-01

This report presents data, including latitude and longitude, for aggregate sites in New Mexico that were believed to be active in the period 1997-1999. The data are presented in paper form in Part A of this report and as Microsoft Excel 97 and Data Interchange Format (DIF) files in Part B. The work was undertaken as part of the effort to update information for the National Atlas. This compilation includes data from: the files of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); company contacts; the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Bureau of Mine Inspection, and the Mining and Minerals Division of the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (Hatton and others, 1998); the Bureau of Land Management Information; and direct communications with some of the aggregate operators. Additional information on most of the sites is available in Hatton and others (1998).

[Control of viral hepatitis in Lithuanian hemodialysis centers in 1997-2001].

PubMed

Ziginskiene, Edita; Kuzminskis, Vytautas; Kupcinskas, Limas; Stankuviene, Asta

2003-01-01

Hemodialysis patients are a high-risk group for hepatitis B and C virus infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of B and C viral hepatitis, level of its control among patients on hemodialysis. In December of 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 we visited all hemodialysis centers of Lithuania and gathered information about these infections in patients on hemodialysis. Eleven percent (11.4%) of all hemodialysis patients were not examined for HB(s)Ag and 15.2% for anti-HCV, 67.3%--for anti-HB(s) and 57.7% for anti-HBc in 2001. The number of examined patients for the markers of hepatitis had increased in 2001 in comparison with 1997. The same number of hemodialysis patients with HB(s)Ag was found in each year of study (14% in 1997, 14.4% in 2001). We observed the decrease in percentage of anti-HCV positive patients from 23% in 1998 till 15.4% (p<0.01) in 2001. Only 10.6% hepatitis B virus vaccinated patients was registered in 2001 and this percentage increased if compared to 6.3% in 1999. About (1/4) of anti-HB(c) positive patients were HB(s)Ag positive in 2000-2001. Chronic hepatitis B could be diagnosed for them. The duration of hemodialysis of HB(s)Ag and anti-HCV positive patients was longer compared to HB(s)Ag and anti-HCV negative patients (p<0.001).

Measurements of an Anomalous Global Methane Increase During 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dlugokencky, E. J.; Walter, B. P.; Masarie, K. A.; Lang, P. M.; Kasischke, E. S.; Hansen, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Measurements of atmospheric methane from a globally distributed network of air sampling sites indicate that the globally averaged CH4 growth rate increased from an average of 3.9 ppb/yr during 1995-1997 to 12.7 +/- 0.6 ppb in 1998. The global growth rate then decreased to 2.6 +/- 0.6 ppb during 1999, indicating that the large increase in 1998 was an anomaly and not a return to the larger growth rates observed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The increased growth rate represents an anomalous increase in the imbalance between CH4 sources and sinks equal to approximately 24 Tg CH4 during 1998. Wetlands and boreal biomass burning are sources that may have contributed to the anomaly. During 1998, the globally averaged temperature anomaly was +0.67 C, the largest temperature anomaly in the modern record. A regression model based on temperature and precipitation anomalies was used to calculate emission anomalies of 11.6 Tg CH4 from wetlands north of 30 N and 13 Tg CH4 for tropical wetlands during 1998 compared to average emissions calculated for 1982-1993. In 1999, calculated wetland emission anomalies were negative for high northern latitudes and the tropics, contributing to the low growth rate observed in 1999. Also 1998 was a severe fire year in boreal regions where approximately 1.3x10(exp 5) sq km of forest and peat land burned releasing an estimated 5.7 Tg CH4

Effect of Georgetown Lake on the water quality of Clear Creek, Georgetown, Colorado, 1997-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cuffin, Sally M.; Chafin, Daniel T.

2000-01-01

Georgetown Lake is a recreational reservoir located in the upper Clear Creek Basin, a designated Superfund site because of extensive metal mining in the past. Metals concentrations in Clear Creek increase as the stream receives runoff from mining-affected areas. In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, began a study to determine the effect of the reservoir on the transport of metals in Clear Creek. A bathymetric survey determined the capacity of the reservoir to be about 440 acre-feet of water, which remained constant during the study. Average water residence time in the reservoir is about 1?3 days during high flow. During low flow (10 cubic feet per second), average residence is about 22 days without ice cover and about 15 days with a 3-foot-thick ice cover. Sediment samples collected from the bottom of Georgetown Lake contained substantial concentrations of iron (average 25,500 milligrams per kilogram), aluminum (average 12,300 milligrams per kilogram), zinc (2,830 milligrams per kilogram), lead (618 milligrams per kilogram), manganese (548 milligrams per kilogram), and sulfide minerals (average 602 milligrams per kilogram as S). Sediment also contained abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria, indicating anoxic conditions. Algae and diatoms common to cold-water lakes were identified in sediment samples; one genus of algae is known to adapt to low-light conditions such as exist beneath ice cover. Vertical profiles of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations were measured in the reservoir on July 28, 1997, when inflow to the reservoir was about 170 cubic feet per second and average residence time of water was about 1.3 days, and on February 13, 1998, when the reservoir was covered with about 3 feet of ice, inflow was about 15 cubic feet per second, and average residence time was about 12 days. The measurements on July 28, 1997, showed that the reservoir water was well mixed

Magmatic inflation at a dormant stratovolcano: 1996-1998 activity at Mount Peulik volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lu, Zhong; Wicks, Charles W.; Dzurisin, Daniel; Power, John A.; Moran, Seth C.; Thatcher, Wayne R.

2002-01-01

A series of ERS radar interferograms that collectively span the time interval from July 1992 to August 2000 reveal that a presumed magma body located 6.6 ??? 0.5 km beneath the southwest flank of the Mount Peulik volcano inflated 0.051 ??? 0.005 km3 between October 1996 and September 1998. Peulik has been active only twice during historical time, in 1814 and 1852, and the volcano was otherwise quiescent during the 1990s. The inflation episode spanned at least several months because separate interferograms show that the associated ground deformation was progressive. The average inflation rate of the magma body was ???0.003 km3/month from October 1996 to September 1997, peaked at 0.005 km3/month from 26 June to 9 October 1997, and dropped to ???0.001 km3/month from October 1997 to September 1998. An intense earthquake swarm, including three ML 4.8 - 5.2 events, began on 8 May 1998 near Becharof Lake, ???30 km northwest of Peulik. More than 400 earthquakes with a cumulative moment of 7.15 ?? 1017 N m were recorded in the area through 19 October 1998. Although the inflation and earthquake swarm occured at about the same time, the static stress changes that we calculated in the epicentral area due to inflation beneath Peulik appear too small to provide a causal link. The 1996-1998 inflation episode at Peulik confirms that satellite radar interferometry can be used to detect magma accumulation beneath dormant volcanoes at least several months before other signs of unrest are apparent. This application represents a first step toward understanding the eruption cycle at Peulik and other stratovolcanoes with characteristically long repose periods.

Highway Accident Report: Greyhound Motorcoach Run-Off-The-Road Accident, Burnt Cabins, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-05

About 4:05 a.m. on June 20, 1998, a 1997 Motor Coach Industries 47-passenger motorcoach, operated by Greyhound Lines, Inc., was on a scheduled trip from New York City to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, traveling westbound on the Pennsylvania Turnpike near ...

Deformation and seismic precursors to dome-collapse and fountain-collapse nuées ardentes at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, 1994-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Voight, B.; Young, K.D.; Hidayat, D.; ,; Purbawinata, M.A.; Ratdomopurbo, Antonius; ,; ,; Sayudi, D.S.; LaHusen, R.; Marso, J.; Murray, T.L.; Dejean, M.; Iguchi, M.; Ishihara, K.

2000-01-01

Following the eruption of January 1992, episodes of lava dome growth accompanied by generation of dome-collapse nuées ardentes occurred in 1994–1998. In addition, nuées ardentes were generated by fountain-collapse in January 1997, and the 1998 events also suggest an explosive component. Significant tilt and seismic precursors on varying time scales preceded these events. Deformation about the summit has been detected by electronic tiltmeters since November 1992, with inflation corresponding generally to lava dome growth, and deflation (or decreased inflation) corresponding to loss of dome mass. Strong short-term (days to weeks) accelerations in tilt rate and seismicity occurred prior to the major nuées ardentes episodes, apart from those of 22 November 1994 which were preceded by steadily increasing tilt for over 200 days but lacked short-term precursors. Because of the combination of populated hazardous areas and the lack of an issued warning, about 100 casualties occurred in 1994. In contrast, the strong precursors in 1997 and 1998 provided advance warning to observatory scientists, enabled the stepped raising of alert levels, and aided hazard management. As a result of these factors, but also the fortunate fact that the large nuées ardentes did not quite descend into populated areas, no casualties occurred. The nuée ardente episode of 1994 is interpreted as purely due to gravitational collapse, whereas those of 1997 and 1998 were influenced by gas-pressurization of the lava dome.

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, an Update: 1998-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A. Jefferson

2002-01-01

Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). A compilation of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 1997 is available as Open-File Report 98-462 (Elias and others, 1998) and on the web at http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/products/OF98462/. The purpose of this report is to update the existing database through 2001. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (fig. 1), as described in previous reports (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). These two distinct sources are quantified independently. The summit and east rift zone emission rates reported here were derived using vehicle-based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements as described in Elias and others (1998). In 1998 and 1999, these measurements were augmented with airborne and tripod-based surveys.

Suicidal behavior in the Ukraine, 1988-1998.

PubMed

Kryzhanovskaya, L; Pilyagina, G

1999-01-01

This report studies the available data concerning suicide rates in the Ukraine and points to the importance of appropriate monitoring of suicides and attempted suicides. It illustrates the necessity of collecting this information and of developing "The Ukrainian National Program on Suicide Prevention." Unfortunately, suicide research and publications about suicide rates were prohibited in the former Soviet Union, so some of the data about suicidal behavior in the Ukraine is incomplete. We used the official suicide death statistics of the Ukraine from the Center of Statistics (Ukrainian Ministry of Health) for the period 1988-1998. The overall rate of suicide in the Ukraine is relatively high. Official statistics in the Ukraine show that there were 29.6 suicides per 100,000 population in 1998. The frequency of completed suicide differs in the various regions of the country, suicides being more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities. In the western part of the Ukraine the frequency of suicide is relatively low (11.1 per 100,000). Between 1988 and 1997 the suicide rate increased by 57%. In 1998 the suicide rate for women was approximately five times lower than that for men.

Investigation of thiamine and PCB association with early life stage fry mortality in lake trout from northwestern Lake Michigan in 1996-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Honeyfield, Dale C.; Beltman, Dong; Holey, Mark; Edsall, Carol C.

2005-01-01

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) eggs were collected from 72 females near Sturgeon Bay, WI in northwestern Lake Michigan from 1996, 1997, and 1998 to determine the relationships between egg thiamine and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations with egg fertilization and hatch, prevalence of abnormal fry, and fry mortality. Fry mortality consistent with early mortality syndrome (EMS) was observed in eggs from 33% of the females in 1996, 25% in 1997, and 28% in 1998. Among egg lots exhibiting EMS, fry mortality averaged 95% in 1996, 63% in 1997 and 77% in 1998 compared to 2% or less in lots that did not exhibit EMS. Expression of EMS was strongly correlated with egg thiamine concentrations; egg lots with less than approximately 1 nmol/g total thiamine consistently exhibited high rates of EMS, whereas egg batches with greater than 1.5 nmol/g showed little or no incidence of EMS among swim-up fry. Egg thiamine concentration was not related to fertilization rate, egg hatch, or the prevalence of abnormal fry. There was no relationship between egg concentrations of PCBs or tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents (from PCBs, dioxins, and furans) and any of the egg or fry viability measurements, including EMS. We concluded that fry mortality observed in Lake Michigan lake trout in 1996-1998 was not caused by the toxicity of PCBs, dioxins, and furans, but is due to low egg thiamine concentrations.

Research in subliminal psychodynamic activation: note on Masling (1998).

PubMed

Fudin, R

1999-04-01

Masling (1998) questioned Malik, Apel, Nelham, Rutkowski, and Ladd's 1997 suggestion that subliminal psychodynamic activation research with MOMMY AND I ARE ONE should be restricted. Problems in Masling's paper and the scope of research with MOMMY AND I ARE ONE are discussed. His position that such research should not be restricted is supported on the condition that subliminal psychodynamic activation research with MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (and other messages) use Fudin's 1986 procedure that could clarify the interpretation of successful experimental outcomes.

Overview of the 1997 2000 activity of Volcán de Colima, México

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zobin, V. M.; Luhr, J. F.; Taran, Y. A.; Bretón, M.; Cortés, A.; De La Cruz-Reyna, S.; Domínguez, T.; Galindo, I.; Gavilanes, J. C.; Muñíz, J. J.; Navarro, C.; Ramírez, J. J.; Reyes, G. A.; Ursúa, M.; Velasco, J.; Alatorre, E.; Santiago, H.

2002-09-01

This overview of the 1997-2000 activity of Volcán de Colima is designed to serve as an introduction to the Special Issue and a summary of the detailed studies that follow. New andesitic block lava was first sighted from a helicopter on the morning of 20 November 1998, forming a rapidly growing dome in the summit crater. Numerous antecedents to the appearance of the dome were recognized, starting more than a year in advance, including: (1) pronounced increases in S/Cl and δD values at summit fumaroles in mid-1997; (2) five earthquake swarms between November-December 1997 and October-November 1998, with hypocenters that ranged down to 8 km beneath the summit and became shallower as the eruption approached; (3) steady inflation of the volcano reflected in shortening of geodetic survey line lengths beginning in November-December 1997 and continuing until the start of the eruption; (4) air-borne correlation spectrometer measurements of SO 2 that increased from the background values of <30 tons/day recorded since 1995 to reach 400 tons/day on 30 October 1998 and 1600 tons/day on 18 November 1998; and (5) small ash emissions detected by satellite-borne sensors beginning on 22 November 1997. The seismic and other trends were the basis of a short-term forecast of an eruption, announced on 13 November 1998, with a forecast window of 16-18 November. Although the lava dome actually appeared on 20 November, this forecast is considered to have been a major success, and the first of its kind at Volcán de Colima. Based in part on this forecast, orderly evacuations of Yerbabuena, Juan Barragan, and other small proximal communities took place on 18 November. The lava dome grew rapidly (˜4.4 m 3/s) on 20 November, and was spilling over the SW rim of the crater by the morning of 21 November to feed block-and-ash flows (pyroclastic flows) ahead of an advancing lobe of andesitic block lava. The pyroclastic flows were initially generated at intervals of 3-5 min, reached speeds of 80

ON-ROAD REMOTE SENSING OF AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS IN THE RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA AREA: 1997-2001

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes automobile exhaust remote sensing data collected by EPA at a number of sites in the Research Triangle Park, NC area during 1997. Data were also collected at one site in Raleigh, NC from 1998 through 2001 for the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) study of re...

Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1997-2002.

PubMed

Chapman, Alice S; Murphy, Staci M; Demma, Linda J; Holman, Robert C; Curns, Aaron T; McQuiston, Jennifer H; Krebs, John W; Swerdlow, David L

2006-01-01

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most commonly reported fatal tick-borne disease in the United States. During 1997-2002, 3,649 cases of RMSF were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance; 2,589 case report forms, providing supplemental information, were also submitted. The average annual RMSF incidence during 1997-2002 was 2.2 cases/million persons. The annual incidence increased during 1997-2002 to a rate of 3.8 cases/million persons in 2002. The incidence was lowest among persons aged<5 and 10-29 years, and highest among adults aged 60-69 years. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.4%; the rate peaked in 1998 at 2.9% and declined to 0.7% in 2001 and 2002. Children<5 years of age had a case-fatality rate (5%) that was significantly greater than the rates for age groups<60 years of age, except for that for 40-49 years of age. Continued national surveillance is needed to assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts and early treatment in decreasing severe morbidity and mortality associated with RMSF.

An Atmospheric Nitrogen Budget in the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-99 El Niño Southern Oscillation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nergui, T.; Lamb, B. K.; Chung, S. H.

2016-12-01

Excess reactive nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic activities is known to cause detrimental effects on the environment. Natural climate variability such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can affect regional N budgets due to spatial patterns of atmospheric transport and other meteorological conditions associated with ENSO forcing. This study aims to quantify atmospheric N fluxes over the Pacific Northwest to improve our understanding of how ENSO influences regional N budget. The WRF-MEGAN-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling framework is used to simulate atmospheric physical and chemical processes from summer of 1997 to summer of 1999, which includes one of the strongest ENSO events on record. Total N emissions over Washington, Idaho, and Oregon were about 357 Gg N in 1998, of which 96% was from transportation, electricity generation, and industrial activities. The emissions were about 110 Gg N in summer (Jun-Aug) and 63 Gg N in winter (Dec-Feb). This seasonality is mainly driven by emissions from agriculture, wildfire, and biogenic sources (32±16 Gg N), with a maximum in summer (49 Gg N) and a minimum in winter (9 Gg N). Regional total N deposition was about 259 Gg N in 1998, which was 72 % of the regional emissions. Total N deposition rates were lower (36 Gg N) in winter of 1997/1998 and higher in the following spring (82 Gg N) and summer (81 Gg N). Dry deposition is dominant over wet deposition in the region. Depending on the season, dry and wet deposition accounted for 49-70% and 30-51% of the total deposition rates, respectively. During the 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña winters, wet and dry deposition contributed about equally to the total deposition. A mass balance calculation with an assumption of no N accumulation in the troposphere indicates that about 26±9 Gg N was transported out of the region on a seasonal basis. Initial results for 1999 show that 32 Gg N was transported out of the region in 1997-98 El Niño winter, while the net N transport was about 27

Evolution of Tropical and Extratropical Precipitation Anomalies During the 1997 to 1999 ENSO Cycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The 1997-1999 ENSO period was very powerful, but also well observed. Multiple satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a quantitative analysis of precipitation anomalies in the tropics and elsewhere accompanying the 1997-99 ENSO cycle. An examination of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent preceded the formation of positive SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 30-60 day oscillations in the winter of 1996/97 may have contributed to this lag relationship. Furthermore, westerly wind burst events may have maintained the drought over the Maritime Continent. The warming of the equatorial Pacific was then followed by an increase in convection. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured substantial changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. The global precipitation patterns for this event were in good agreement with the strong consistent ENSO-related precipitation signals identified in earlier studies. Differences included a shift in precipitation anomalies over Africa during the 1997-98 El Nino and unusually wet conditions over northeast Australia during the later stages of the El Nino. Also, the typically wet region in the north tropical Pacific was mostly dry during the 1998-99 La Nina. Reanalysis precipitation was compared to observations during this time period and substantial differences were noted. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations.

Precipitation-fire linkages in Indonesia (1997-2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fanin, Thierry; van der Werf, Guido R.

2017-09-01

Over the past decades, fires have burned annually in Indonesia, yet the strength of the fire season is for a large part modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The two most recent very strong El Niño years were 2015 and 1997. Both years involved high incidences of fire in Indonesia. At present, there is no consistent satellite data stream spanning the full 19-year record, thereby complicating a comparison between these two fire seasons. We have investigated how various fire and precipitation datasets can be merged to better compare the fire dynamics in 1997 and 2015 as well as in intermediary years. We combined nighttime active fire detections from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) World Fire Atlas (WFA) available from 1997 until 2012 and the nighttime subset of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor from 2001 until now. For the overlapping period, MODIS detected about 4 times more fires than ATSR, but this ratio varied spatially. Although the reasons behind this spatial variability remain unclear, the coefficient of determination for the overlapping period was high (R2 = 0. 97, based on monthly data) and allowed for a consistent time series. We then constructed a rainfall time series based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, 1997-2015) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Project (TRMM, 1998-2015). Relations between antecedent rainfall and fire activity were not uniform in Indonesia. In southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, we found that 120 days of rainfall accumulation had the highest coefficient of determination with annual fire intensity. In northern Sumatra, this period was only 30 days. Thresholds of 200 and 305 mm average rainfall accumulation before each active fire were identified to generate a high-incidence fire year in southern Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, respectively. The number of active fires detected in 1997 was 2.2 times higher than in 2015. Assuming the ratio between

The effect of the 1997 Texas motorcycle helmet law on motorcycle crash fatalities.

PubMed

Bavon, Al; Standerfer, Christina

2010-01-01

This study seeks to determine the effect of the Texas motorcycle helmet law on fatalities since the repeal of the universal helmet law in 1997. Texas monthly motorcycle accident data between 1994 and 2004 were obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and supplemented with motorcycle registration data from the Texas Department of Transportation. An ARIMA model was used to estimate the impact of the law. A sharp increase in fatality rates occurred immediately following the implementation of the law in September 1997. Deaths increased by 30%, fatality rates per motorcycle registrations increased by 15.2%, and fatality rates per vehicle miles traveled increased by 25% after repeal. Helmet use decreased from 77% in 1996 to 63% in 1997 and 36% in 1998 and thereafter. The parameter estimates of the ARIMA model (0,0,0) (0,1,1) show that the change in the law led to statistically significant increases of 2.3 fatalities and 1.18 fatality rate per 100 billion vehicle miles traveled. The repeal of the universal helmet law in Texas in 1997 has had a significant adverse effect on motorcyclist fatalities in Texas.

Sea-cliff erosion as a function of beach changes and extreme wave runup during the 1997-1998 El Nino

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sallenger, A.H.; Krabill, W.; Brock, J.; Swift, R.; Manizade, S.; Stockdon, H.

2002-01-01

Over time scales of hundreds to thousands of years, the net longshore sand transport direction along the central California coast has been driven to the south by North Pacific winter swell. In contrast, during the El Nin??o winter of 1997-1998, comparisons of before and after airborne lidar surveys showed sand was transported from south to north and accumulated on the south sides of resistant headlands bordering pocket beaches. This resulted in significant beach erosion at the south ends of pocket beaches and deposition in the north ends. Coincident with the south-to-north redistribution of sand, shoreline morphology became prominently cuspate with longshore wavelengths of 400-700 m. The width and elevation of beaches were least where maximum shoreline erosion occurred, preferentially exposing cliffs to wave attack. The resulting erosional hotspots typically were located in the embayments of giant cusps in the southern end of the pocket beaches. The observed magnitude of sea cliff retreat, which reached 14 m, varied with the number of hours that extreme wave runup exceeded certain thresholds representing the protective capacity of the beach during the El Nin??o winter. A threshold representing the width of the beach performed better than a threshold representing the elevation of the beach. The magnitude of cliff erosion can be scaled using a simple model based on the cross-shore distance that extreme wave runup exceeded the pre-winter cliff position. Cliff erosion appears to be a balance between terrestrial mass wasting processes, which tend to decrease the cliff slope, and wave attack, which removes debris and erodes the cliff base increasing the cliff slope. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Student Enrollment, Full-time Equivalent (FTE), Staff/Faculty Information. Annual Statistical Report, 1997-98. Volume 33.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina Community Coll. System, Raleigh.

This document contains statistical information for the academic year 1997-1998 collected from each of the 58 community colleges in North Carolina, as well as historical information for an 11-year period. This was the first year in which the North Carolina Community College System used the semester system. In addition, it was the first year of…

Registered Apprenticeships in Nontraditional Occupations for Florida's Women: Accessing Opportunities and Overcoming Barriers. 1998 Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of Central Florida, Orlando. Coll. of Education.

During 1997-1998, the Florida Education and Employment Council for Women and Girls has continued an analysis of strategies to assist all Florida women in achieving self-sufficiency. As part of that effort, the council examined registered apprenticeship programs as an avenue of on-the-job training offering women, as well as men, high-skilled,…

Issues in midterm analysis and forecasting 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-07-01

Issues in Midterm Analysis and Forecasting 1998 (Issues) presents a series of nine papers covering topics in analysis and modeling that underlie the Annual Energy Outlook 1998 (AEO98), as well as other significant issues in midterm energy markets. AEO98, DOE/EIA-0383(98), published in December 1997, presents national forecasts of energy production, demand, imports, and prices through the year 2020 for five cases -- a reference case and four additional cases that assume higher and lower economic growth and higher and lower world oil prices than in the reference case. The forecasts were prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), using EIA`smore » National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The papers included in Issues describe underlying analyses for the projections in AEO98 and the forthcoming Annual Energy Outlook 1999 and for other products of EIA`s Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Their purpose is to provide public access to analytical work done in preparation for the midterm projections and other unpublished analyses. Specific topics were chosen for their relevance to current energy issues or to highlight modeling activities in NEMS. 59 figs., 44 tabs.« less

Multiwavelength Photometric Imaging of X-Ray and EUV Emission from Comet P/Tempel-Tuttle 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lisse, Carey M.

2004-01-01

The unexpected discovery of x-ray emission from Comet Hyakutake in March 1996 (Lisse et ai. 1996) has produced a number of questions about the physical mechanism producing the radiation. The original detection and subsequent observations (Dennerl et ai. 1997, Mumma et al. 1997, Krasnopolsky et al. 1998, Owens et al. 1998. Lisse et al. 1999) have shown that the very soft (best fit thermal bremsstrahlung model kT approx. 0.2 keV) emission is due to an interaction between the solar wind and the comet's atmosphere. Using the results fiom the 15 comets detected to date in x-rays, we report on the latest results on cometary x-ray emission, including new results from Chandra and XMM. As-observed morphologies, spectra, and light curves will be discussed. Our emphasis will be on understanding the physical mechanism producing the emission, and using this to determine the nature of the cometary coma, the structure of the solar wind in the heliosphere, and the source of the local soft x-ray background. This work has been graciously supported by grants from the NASA Planetary Astronomy and Astrophysical Data Programs.

California Update: Student Progress in State and Federally Funded Adult Education Programs during the 1997-98 Instructional Year.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comprehensive Adult Student Assessment System, San Diego, CA.

This document outlines student progress within each of California's Adult Education programs for the 1997-1998 academic year. During this time period, California's Adult Education programs served 1,435,341 learners. Among those enrolled, 161,364 students were served by Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs, and an additional 1,220,594 students were…

Resistivity variations related to the large March 9, 1998 eruption at La Fournaise volcano inferred by continuous MT monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wawrzyniak, Pierre; Zlotnicki, Jacques; Sailhac, Pascal; Marquis, Guy

2017-11-01

The 2645 m-high La Fournaise volcano, located in the Southwest of Réunion Island (Indian Ocean), is a shield basaltic volcano where effusive eruptions generally occur along long fissures starting from the summit, alongside major fractures that characterize the eruptions' dynamism and effusivity. Between 1992 and 1998, the volcano underwent a quiet period during which few earthquakes were recorded. Minor seismic activity returned after 1997 and picked up in March 1998 during the 35 h preceding the March 9 eruption. From 1996, two autonomous stations (CSV and BAV) were installed on the volcano. CSV was located inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera while BAV was positioned 8.2 km NW of the volcano summit. Horizontal components of the electric and magnetic fields were sampled every 20 s. Continuous time-series were available from 1996 to 1999 at CSV, and from 1997 to March 1998 at BAV. Data have been processed using both single-station and remote-reference processing. Both results show apparent resistivity variations synchronous to the eruption. Time-lapse impedance estimates are computed on overlapping time windows of about two days at both stations. The only major decrease of the observed impedance coincides with the March 1998 eruption. At CSV, the resistivity started to drop about five days before the eruption, reached several local minima until April, and then slowly increased as the volcanic crisis reduced in activity. After the end of the crisis in September 1998, the apparent resistivity recovered its pre-crisis value. The time-lapse results also show variability in directionality: sharp and elongated phase tensor ellipse residuals appear during the eruption with a N105° orientation, suggesting the emergence of an almost NS-striking dyke. A 1D background model built from MT soundings performed during the quiet period (1996 to February 1998) on which a 3D NS-striking dyke was added shows a good agreement with phase tensor residuals and spatial distribution of the

Specific conductance, water temperature, and water level data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buchanan, Paul A.

1999-01-01

Specific conductance and water temperature data are continuously recorded at four sites in San Francisco Bay, California: San Pablo Strait at Point San Pablo, Central San Francisco Bay at Presidio Military Reservation, Pier 24 at Bay Bridge, and South San Francisco Bay at San Mateo Bridge near Foster City (Figure 1). Water level data are recorded only at San Pablo Strait at Point San Pablo. These data were recorded by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) before 1988, by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program from 1988 to 1989, and by the USGS-DWR cooperative program since 1990. This article presents time-series plots of data from the four sites in San Francisco Bay during water year 1998 (1 October 1997 through 30 September 1998).

Arts and Learning Research, 1997-1998. The Journal of the Arts and Learning Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago, Illinois, March 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Sheri R., Ed.; Jeffers, Carol S., Ed.

1998-01-01

This volume contains papers presented at the 1997 meeting of the American Educational Research Association; many were presented as part of Arts and Learning programs. The papers gathered in the volume explore in a variety of ways the notions of space: artistic, cultural, domestic, personal, political, public, private, and virtual and how spaces…

Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Marketing Management and Research for the Years 1997-98 and 2000-01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howe, Richard D.

This report is part of an annual national survey that examines salaries of full-time teaching faculty in 54 selected disciplines. Data for the study as a whole were collected from 305 public and 403 private institutions for the baseline year of 1997-1998 and the trend year of 1999-2000. This portion of the study covers salary data for Marketing…

Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Political Science and Government for the Years 1997-98 and 2000-01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howe, Richard D.

This report is part of an annual national survey that examines salaries of full-time teaching faculty in 54 selected disciplines. Data for the study as a whole were collected from 305 public and 403 private institutions for the baseline year of 1997-1998 and the trend year of 1999-2000. This portion of the study covers salary data for Political…

The 1998 earthquake sequence south of Long Valley Caldera, California: Hints of magmatic involvement

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hough, S.E.; Dollar, R.S.; Johnson, P.

2000-01-01

A significant episode of seismic and geodetic unrest took place at Long Valley Caldera, California, beginning in the summer of 1997. Activity through late May of 1998 was concentrated in and around the south moat and the south margin of the resurgent dome. The Sierran Nevada block (SNB) region to the south/southeast remained relatively quiet until a M 5.1 event occurred there on 9 June 1998 (UT). A second M 5.1 event followed on 15 July (UT); both events were followed by appreciable aftershock sequences. An additional, distinct burst of activity began on 1 August 1998. The number of events in the August sequence (over the first week or two) was similar to the aftershock sequence of the 15 July 1998 M 5.1 event, but the later sequence was not associated with any events larger than M 4.3. All of the summer 1998 SNB activity was considered tectonic rather than magmatic; in general the SNB is considered an unlikely location for future eruptions. However, the August sequence-an 'aftershock sequence without a mainshock'-is suggestive of a strain event larger than the cumulative seismotectonic strain release. Moreover, a careful examination of waveforms from the August sequence reveals a small handful of events whose spectral signature is strikingly harmonic. We investigate the waveforms of these events using spectral, autocorrelation, and empirical Green's function techniques and conclude that they were most likely associated with a fluid-controlled source. Our observations suggest that there may have been some degree of magma or magma-derived fluid involvement in the 1998 SNB sequence.

The 1998-2002 activity of Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion island: lessons in magma supply and transfers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semet, M. P.; Joron, J.-L.; Staudacher, T.

2003-04-01

In March 1998, Piton de la Fournaise, one of the most frequently active aerial volcanoes on earth, awoke after an unusually long sleep of almost 6 years. This eruption, which was also preceded and accompanied by uncommon patterns of seismicity and deformation (Staudacher et al., 1998), lasted about six months and was followed to the end of 2002 by 9 eruptive episodes of about one week to a little more than a month duration. In these episodes, seismicity and deformations were those more customarily observed. The total amount of erupted magma over this 5 year period amounts to ca. 120 Mm3, which yields an average production rate close to 0.3 m3/s. Suites of lava samples were regularly obtained for each of these episodes, often as water-quenched molten lava, and examined in the laboratory for their petrography and geochemistry. Two subtly differing magmas were erupted in the 1998 episode from two locations. The voluminous lavas vented North of the central cone (Kapor and related vents) were of the ordinary Steady State Basalts (SSB) type modeled by Albarède et al. (1997) yet showed minor but significant evolution through the six months of eruption. Those vented to the South of the cone (Hudson crater) were apparently fed directly and rapidly from depths ca. 15 km, the crust-upper-mantle boundary under Réunion. Hudson samples are of a type observed mostly in peripheral vents but rarely in central eruptions. They are characterized by major and trace element signatures indicating enhanced clinopyroxene fractionation (a high pressure fractionating phase) relative to SSB. In the subsequent 9 eruptions, lavas were again of the SSB kindred, sometimes rich (50 modal %) in cumulative xenocrystic olivine (e.g. June 2001 and January, 2002). Significant chemical differences with the Kapor trend indicate that they were not fed from the same reservoir nor were they akin to Hudson samples. Glass analyses in the quenched post-1998 samples have an almost invariable composition

Temporal trend and nationwide utility for hysterectomies in Taiwan, 1997-2010.

PubMed

Huang, Wei-Yi; Huang, Kuo-How; Chang, Wen-Chun; Wu, Shiao-Chi

2016-10-01

This study investigates the nationwide utilization and temporal trend of hysterectomies in Taiwan. The present study used the National Health Insurance Research Database that included claims of nearly the entire population in Taiwan since the inception of the National Health Insurance program in 1995. We analyzed age-adjusted rates of hysterectomies in Taiwan from 1997 through to 2010 and compared with the rates in 16 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. We also examined the utilization of various types of hysterectomies in Taiwan during this period. There was a cross-country variation in the age-standardized rate of hysterectomy: 105 per 100,000 females in Spain, 156 per 100,000 females in Taiwan, 179 per 100,000 females in 16 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, and 325 per 100,000 females in the United States in 2008. The trend of the age-standardized rate of hysterectomy in Taiwan declined from 222.3 per 100,000 women in 1998 to 145.2 per 100,000 women in 2010. The most common type of hysterectomy during this period was total abdominal hysterectomy (51.2%). Subtotal hysterectomies increased by 117% (r 2 =0.89; p<0.01), from 672 in 1997 to 1458 in 2010; however, total hysterectomies decreased by 3.5% (r 2 =0.43; p=0.01), from 20,966 in 1997 to 20,230 in 2010. Laparoscopically assisted procedures (laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and laparoscopic hysterectomy) increased 4.98-fold (r 2 =0.23; p=0.09), from 1453 in 1997 to 8684 in 2010. By contrast, the proportion of conventional open hysterectomies (total abdominal hysterectomy, and subtotal or supracervical abdominal hysterectomy) decreased by 36.5% (r 2 =0.59; p<0.01), from 17,327 in 1997 to 10,994 in 2010. The proportion of vaginal hysterectomies decreased by 29.7% (r 2 =0.72; p<0.01), from 2858 in 1997 to 2010 in 2010. As in most Western countries, hysterectomy rates in Taiwan declined by year. There was a marked shift in the types of

Temperature and moisture conditions for life in the extreme arid region of the Atacama desert: four years of observations including the El Nino of 1997-1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McKay, Christopher P.; Friedmann, E. Imre; Gomez-Silva, Benito; Caceres-Villanueva, Luis; Andersen, Dale T.; Landheim, Ragnhild

2003-01-01

The Atacama along the Pacific Coast of Chile and Peru is one of the driest and possibly oldest deserts in the world. It represents an extreme habitat for life on Earth and is an analog for life in dry conditions on Mars. We report on four years (September 1994-October 1998) of climate and moisture data from the extreme arid region of the Atacama. Our data are focused on understanding moisture sources and their role in creating suitable environments for photosynthetic microorganisms in the desert surface. The average air temperature was 16.5 degrees C and 16.6 degrees C in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The maximum air temperature recorded was 37.9 degrees C, and the minimum was -5.7 degrees C. Annual average sunlight was 336 and 335 W m(-2) in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Winds averaged a few meters per second, with strong fohn winds coming from the west exceeding 12 m s(-1). During our 4 years of observation there was only one significant rain event of 2.3 mm, which occurred near midnight local time. We suggest that this event was a rainout of a heavy fog. It is of interest that the strong El Nino of 1997-1998 brought heavy rainfall to the deserts of Peru, but did not bring significant rain to the central Atacama in Chile. Dew occurred at our station frequently following high nighttime relative humidity, but is not a significant source of moisture in the soil or under stones. Groundwater also does not contribute to surface moisture. Only the one rain event of 2.3 mm resulted in liquid water in the soil and beneath stones for a total of only 65-85 h over 4 years. The paucity of liquid water under stones is consistent with the apparent absence of hypolithic (under-stone) cyanobacteria, the only known primary producers in such extreme deserts.

Teleconnection of the 1997 El Nino Observed by Spaceborne Sensors and the Dacadal Anomalies in the Northeast Pacific

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, W.; Hu, H.; Xie, X.

1999-01-01

Liu et al.[1998] (hereafter referred as LTH), superimposed wind velocity anomalies observed by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) on the map of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies observed by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in the Pacific at the end of May 1997, and illustrated that the three regions of anomalous warming in the North Pacific Ocean are related to wind anomalies through different mechanisms.

Vulnerability to episodes of extreme weather: Butajira, Ethiopia, 1998-1999.

PubMed

Emmelin, Anders; Fantahun, Mesganaw; Berhane, Yemane; Wall, Stig; Byass, Peter

2008-12-16

During 1999-2000, great parts of Ethiopia experienced a period of famine which was recognised internationally. The aim of this paper is to characterise the epidemiology of mortality of the period, making use of individual, longitudinal population-based data from the Butajira demographic surveillance site and rainfall data from a local site. Vital statistics and household data were routinely collected in a cluster sample of 10 sub-communities in the Butajira district in central Ethiopia. These were supplemented by rainfall and agricultural data from the national reporting systems. Rainfall was high in 1998 and well below average in 1999 and 2000. In 1998, heavy rains continued from April into October, in 1999 the small rains failed and the big rains lasted into the harvesting period. For the years 1998-1999, the mortality rate was 24.5 per 1,000 person-years, compared with 10.2 in the remainder of the period 1997-2001. Mortality peaks reflect epidemics of malaria and diarrhoeal disease. During these peaks, mortality was significantly higher among the poorer. The analyses reveal a serious humanitarian crisis with the Butajira population during 1998-1999, which met the CDC guideline crisis definition of more than one death per 10,000 per day. No substantial humanitarian relief efforts were triggered, though from the results it seems likely that the poorest in the farming communities are as vulnerable as the pastoralists in the North and East of Ethiopia. Food insecurity and reliance on subsistence agriculture continue to be major issues in this and similar rural communities. Epidemics of traditional infectious diseases can still be devastating, given opportunities in nutritionally challenged populations with little access to health care.

Workshop on the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise in the Marine Environment, 10-12 February 1998. Proceedings

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-02-12

acoustic detection rates and ranges for blue and fin whales are greater than the visual detection rates and ranges for these species. The integration of...killer whales (Mossbridge and Thomas, 1998 ). Also, difference in calls in different parts of the species’ range may not imply genetic differences as...an Acoustic Integration Model (AIM), as applied during the LFA-SRP Phase I research in Septem- ber-October 1997 involving blue and fin

LABORATORY DIRECTED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, DECEMBER 1998.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

OGEKA,G.J.

1998-12-31

In FY 1998, the BNL LDBD Program funded 20 projects, 4 of which were new starts, at a total cost of $2,563,681. The small number of new starts was a consequence of severe financial problems that developed between FY 1997 and 1998. Emphasis was given to complete funding for approved multi-year proposals. Following is a table which lists all of the FY 1998 funded projects and gives a history of funding for each by year. Several of these projects have already experienced varying degrees of success as indicated in the individual Project Program Summaries which follow. A total of 17more » informal publications (abstracts, presentations, BNL reports and workshop papers) were reported and an additional 13 formal (full length) papers were either published, are in press or being prepared for publication. The investigators on five projects have filed for a patent. Seven of the projects reported that proposals/grants had either been funded or were submitted for funding. In conclusion, a significant measure of success is already attributable to the FY 1998 LDBD Program in the short period of time involved. The Laboratory has experienced a significant scientific gain by these achievements.« less

Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program, Part B; Limnology, Primary Production, and Zooplankton in Lake Roosevelt, Washington, 1998 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shields, John; Spotts, Jim; Underwood, Keith

2002-11-01

The Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program is the result of a merger between two projects, the Lake Roosevelt Monitoring Program (BPA No. 8806300) and the Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project (BPA No. 9404300). These projects were merged in 1996 to continue work historically completed under the separate projects, and is now referred to as the Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program. The 1998 Annual Report, Part B. Limnology, Primary Production, and Zooplankton in Lake Roosevelt, Washington examined the limnology, primary production, and zooplankton at eleven locations throughout the reservoir. The 1998 research protocol required a continuation of the more complete examinationmore » of limnological parameters in Lake Roosevelt that began in 1997. Phytoplankton and periphyton speciation, phytoplankton and periphyton chlorophyll a analysis, complete zooplankton biomass analysis by taxonomic group, and an increased number of limnologic parameters (TDG, TDS, etc.) were examined and compared with 1997 results. Total dissolved gas levels were greatly reduced in 1998, compared with 1997, likely resulting from the relatively normal water year experienced in 1998. Mean water temperatures were similar to what was observed in past years, with a maximum of 22.7 C and a minimum of 2.6 C. Oxygen concentrations were also relatively normal, with a maximum of 16.6 mg/L, and a minimum of 0.9 mg/L. Phytoplankton in Lake Roosevelt was primarily composed of microplankton (29.6%), Cryptophyceae (21.7%), and Bacillriophyceae (17.0 %). Mean total phytoplankton chlorophyll a maximum concentration occurred in May (3.53 mg/m{sup 3}), and the minimum in January (0.39 mg/m{sup 3}). Phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations appear to be influenced by hydro-operations and temperature. Trophic status as indicated by phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations place Lake Roosevelt in the oligomesotrophic range. Periphyton colonization rates and biovolume were significantly greater at a

Community Update, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Julie, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of 10 issues of the newsletter "Community Update," containing articles on community and family involvement in education. Article topics include: preparing America's future teachers; reports on satellite town meetings; E-rate (education rate) discounts for telecommunications services in schools and libraries;…

Focus on Pre-K and K (Ages 4-6): A Quarterly Newsletter for the Education Community, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kravitz, Deborah Jordan, Ed.

1998-01-01

These four quarterly newsletter issues address various topics of interest to teachers of young children. Each issue focuses on a theme and includes an article on that theme, along with regular columns. The Fall 1997 issue focuses on kindergartners as inquirers and on using a negotiated curriculum in the early childhood setting. The vice…

Sea-cliff erosion at Pacifica, California caused by 1997/98 El Niño storms

USGS Publications Warehouse

Snell, Charles B.; Lajoie, Kenneth R.; Medley, Edward W.

2000-01-01

Twelve homes were constructed in 1949 at the top of a sea cliff along Esplanade Drive in the City of Pacifica, located on the northern coast of San Mateo County, California. The rear yards of those properties were bounded by an approximately 20-meter (70-foot) high cliff that has retreated episodically at an average rate of 0.5 to 0.6 meter (1.5 to 2 feet) per year over the past 146 years. During the heavy storms of the 1997/1998 El Niño winter, a severe episode of cliff retreat undermined seven homes and threatened three others. All ten homes were condemned and demolished by the City of Pacifica. In this study we analyze geologic, tide, wave, rainfall and wind data in an attempt to determine the causes of this most recent erosion event. We identify the following possible contributory causes of the cliff retreat: 1) wave-induced undercutting of the cliff landward of an old revetment, 2) reduction in beach width over time, 3) reduction in cliff-face stability owing to infiltration from heavy rains, 4) erosion of the cliff face by groundwater piping, and 5) wind-induced erosion of loose dune sand at the top of the cliff. While these factors may explain the retreat of the cliff below the twelve homes along Esplanade Drive, the question remains as to why other geologically similar sites in the region were not severely eroded during the 1997/1998 El Niño winter.

Interannual summer variability in oceanic euphausiid communities off the Baja California western coast during 1998-2008

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parés-Escobar, Fernanda; Lavaniegos, Bertha E.; Ambriz-Arreola, Israel

2018-01-01

Euphausiids are a major component of the zooplankton biomass due to their large size, contributing with high carbon content to other trophic levels in the pelagic ecosystem. We analyzed the summer interannual variability in euphausiid species composition based on carbon mass of the Baja California oceanic domain during 1998-2008. Selection of one exclusive season allowed the emphasis of interannual changes in order to research possible biological impacts. During the period 1998-2008 prevailed intense interannual activity, with four El Niño events, two of them (1997-1998 and 2006-2007) with SST anomalies propagating toward the eastern Pacific (EP-El Niño), while the other two (2002-2003 and 2004-2005) had SST anomalies limited to the central Pacific (CP-El Niño). There were also La Niña events in 1998-2000 and 2007-2008. The species with higher biomass contribution off Baja California were Nematoscelis difficilis, Euphausia gibboides, Thysanoessa gregaria, Euphausia eximia, Nyctiphanes simplex, and Euphausia pacifica, with a global geometric mean of 156, 66, 38, 30, 21, and 13 μg C m-3 respectively. N. difficilis and E. pacifica were dominant in the northern area (29.5-32°N), N. difficilis and E. gibboides in the central area (27-29.5°N), and E. eximia dominated in the southern area (24.5-27°N). 1998-2008 biomass anomalies showed a variety of patterns by species with the clearest footprint, in most of the species, during the strong EP-El Niño 1997-1998. CP-El Niño events also left a footprint in the biomass of some species but this was not always by anomalies of the same nature as EP-El Niño. The best examples were N. difficilis and N. simplex, which presented lightly positive anomalies during July 1998 but were strongly negative in the summer of 2003 and 2004. The opposite was observed in E. recurva, with a negative anomaly in July 1998 but positive in 2004 and 2005. The biophysical coupling between the species assemblage and environmental variables

Carbon gas exchange at a southern Rocky Mountain wetland, 1996-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wickland, K.P.; Striegl, Robert G.; Mast, M.A.; Clow, D.W.

2001-01-01

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) exchange between the atmosphere and a subalpine wetland located in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, at 3200 m elevation were measured during 1996-1998. Respiration, net CO2 flux, and CH4 flux were measured using the closed chamber method during snow-free periods and using gas diffusion calculations during snow-covered periods. The ranges of measured flux were 1.2-526 mmol CO2 m-2 d-1 (respiration), -1056-100 mmol CO2 m-2 d-1 (net CO2 exchange), and 0.1-36.8 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1 (a positive value represents efflux to the atmosphere). Respiration and CH4 emission were significantly correlated with 5 cm soil temperature. Annual respiration and CH4 emission were modeled by applying the flux-temperature relationships to a continuous soil temperature record during 1996-1998. Gross photosynthesis was modeled using a hyperbolic equation relating gross photosynthesis, photon flux density, and soil temperature. Modeled annual flux estimates indicate that the wetland was a net source of carbon gas to the atmosphere each of the three years: 8.9 mol C m-2 yr-1 in 1996, 9.5 mol C m-2 yr-1 in 1997, and 9.6 mol C m-2 yr-1 in 1998. This contrasts with the long-term carbon accumulation of ???0.7 mol m-2 yr-1 determined from 14C analyses of a peat core collected from the wetland.

Anthropogenic Sources of Arsenic and Copper to Sediments of a Suburban Lake, 1964-1998

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rice, K. C.; Conko, K. M.; Hornberger, G. M.

2002-05-01

Nonpoint-source pollution from urbanization is becoming a widespread problem. Long-term monitoring data are necessary to document geochemical processes in urban settings and changes in sources of chemical contaminants over time. In the absence of long-term data, lake-sediment cores can be used to reconstruct past processes, because they serve as integrators of sources of pollutants from the contributing airshed and catchment. Lake Anne is a 10.9-ha man-made lake in a 235-ha suburban catchment in Reston, Virginia, with a population density of 1,116 people/km2. Three sediment cores, collected in 1996 and 1997, indicate increasing concentrations of arsenic and copper since 1964, when the lake was formed. The cores were compared to a core collected from a forested catchment in the same airshed that showed no increases in concentrations of these elements. Neither an increase in atmospheric deposition nor diagenesis and remobilization were responsible for the trends in the Lake Anne cores. Mass balances of sediment, arsenic, and copper were calculated using 1998 data on precipitation, streamwater, road runoff, and a laboratory leaching experiment on pressure-treated lumber. Sources of arsenic to the lake in 1998 were in-lake leaching of pressure-treated lumber (52%) and streamwater (47%). Road runoff was a greater (93%) source of copper than leaching of pressure-treated lumber (4%). Atmospheric deposition was an insignificant source (<3%) of both elements. Urbanization of the catchment was confirmed as a major cause of the increasing arsenic and copper in the lake cores through an annual historical reconstruction of the deposition of sediment, arsenic, and copper to the lake for 1964-1997. Aerial photography indicated that the area of roads and parking lots in the catchment increased to 26% by 1997 and that the number of docks on the lake also increased over time. The increased mass of arsenic and copper in the lake sediments corresponded to the increased amount of

Wigwam River McNeil Substrate Sampling Program : 1998-2002 Summary Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tepper, Herb

2003-01-01

The Wigwam River is an important fisheries stream in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia that supports healthy populations of both bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi). The river has been characterized as the single most important bull trout spawning steam in the Kootenay Region (Baxter and Westover 2000), and thus has been the focus of numerous studies in the last ten years (Cope 1998; Cope and Morris 2001; Cope, Morris and Bisset 2002; Kohn Crippen Consultants Ltd. 1998; Westover 1999a; Westover 1999b; Westover and Conroy 1997). Although bull trout populations in the Eastmore » Kootenay region remain healthy, bull trout populations in other parts of British Columbia and within their traditional range in northwestern United States have declined. Thus, bull trout were blue listed as vulnerable in British Columbia by the B.C. Conservation Data Centre (Cannings 1993) and remain a species of special concern. Bull trout in the north-western United States, within the Columbia River watershed, were listed as threatened in 1998 under the Endangered Species Act by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1999, the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection applied and received funding from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to assess and monitor the status of wild, native stocks of bull trout in tributaries to Lake Koocanusa (Libby Reservoir) and the upper Kootenay River. The purpose of this report is to summarize one of the many studies undertaken to ''Monitor and Protect Bull Trout for Koocanusa Reservoir'' (BPA Project Number 2000-04-00). Three permanent sampling sites were established on the Wigwam River in April 1998. At each site, substrate samples were obtained using a McNeil Core sampler in April of each year from 1998 to 2002. The objectives of this study were to assess the quality of stream-bed substrates used by bull trout for spawning prior to major resource development in the Wigwam

Tempo, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayler, Michael, Ed.

1997-01-01

The three issues of this 1997 publication on gifted and talented students focus on the themes of teaching gifted students in the regular classroom, atypical gifted students, and the 1997 annual conference of the Texas Association for the Gifted and Talented. Major articles include the following: "Meeting the Needs of Gifted Learners in the Regular…

1997 economic census : transportation 1997 commodity flow survey : United States

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey is part of the 1997 Economic Census. The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation's economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, an...

The 2015/16 El Niño Event in Context of the MERRA-2 Reanalysis: A Comparison of the Tropical Pacific with 1982/83 and 1997/98

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Young-Kwon; Kovach, Robin M.; Pawson, Steven; Vernieres, Guillaume

2017-01-01

The 2015-2016 El Nino is analyzed using atmospheric/oceanic analysis produced using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation systems. As well as describing the structure of the event, a theme of the work is to compare and contrast it with two other strong El Ninos, in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998. These three El Nino events are included in the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and in the more recent MERRA-2 reanalyses. MERRA-2 allows a comparison of fields derived from the underlying GEOS model, facilitating a more detailed comparison of physical forcing mechanisms in the El Nino events. Various atmospheric/oceanic structures indicate that the 2015/2016 El Nino maximized in the Nino3.4 region, with the large region of warming over most of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. The eastern tropical Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western tropical Pacific are found to be less dry in boreal winter, compared to the earlier two strong events. While the 2015/2016 El Nino had an earlier occurrence of the equatorial Pacific warming and was the strongest event on record in the central Pacific, the 1997/1998 event exhibited a more rapid growth due to stronger westerly wind bursts and Madden-Julian Oscillation during spring, making it the strongest El Nino in the eastern Pacific. Compared to 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, the 2015/2016 event has a shallower thermocline over the eastern Pacific with a weaker zonal contrast of sub-surface water temperatures along the equatorial Pacific. While the three major ENSO events have similarities, each are unique when looking at the atmosphere and ocean surface and sub-surface.

The economic impact of the Department of Energy on the State of New Mexico Fiscal Year 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lansford, Robert R.; Adcock, Larry D.; Gentry, Lucille M.

1999-08-05

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provides a major source of economic benefits in New Mexico, second only to the activities of the U.S. Department of Defense. The agency's far-reaching economic influence within the state is the focus of this report. Economic benefits arising from the various activities and functions of both the Department and its contractors have accrued to the state continuously for over 50 years. For several years, DOE/Albuquerque Operations Office (AL) and New Mexico State University (NMSU) have maintained inter-industry, input-output modeling capabilities to assess DOE's impacts on the state of New Mexico and the other substatemore » regions most directly impacted by DOE activities. One of the major uses of input-output techniques is to assess the effects of developments initiated outside the economy such as Federal DOE monies that flow into the state, on an economy. The information on which the models are based is updated periodically to ensure the most accurate depiction possible of the economy for the period of reference. For this report, the reference periods are Fiscal Year (FY) 1997 (October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997), and FY 1998 (October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998). Total impact represents both direct and indirect impacts (resending by business), including induced (resending by households) effects. The standard multipliers used in determining impacts result from the inter-industry, input-output models uniquely developed for New Mexico. This report includes seven main sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Profile of DOE Activities in New Mexico; (3) DOE Expenditure Patterns; (4) Measuring DOE/New Mexico's Economic Impact: (5) Technology Transfer within the Federal Labs funded by DOE/New Mexico; (6) Glossary of Terms; and (7) Technical Appendix containing a description of the model.« less

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Inspector General Semiannual Report to Congress, October 1, 1997-March 31, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Inspector General (ED), Washington, DC.

During the 6-month period ending March 31, 1998, the Office of Inspector General assisted the Department of Education in ensuring that taxpayer-funded federal education programs and operations are implemented efficiency, effectiveness, integrity and accountability. In the executive summary, under "Goal 1: Programs and Operations…

Biomass power for rural development. Technical progress report, July 1--September 30, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neuhauser, E.

The focus of the DOE/USDA sponsored biomass power for rural development project is to develop commercial energy crops for power generation by the year 2000. The New York based Salix Consortium project is a multi-partner endeavor, implemented in three stages. Phase-1, Final Design and Project Development, will conclude with the preparation of construction and/or operating permits, feedstock production plans, and contracts ready for signature. Field trials of willow (Salix) have been initiated at several locations in New York (Tully, Lockport, King Ferry, La Fayette, Massena, and Himrod) and co-firing tests are underway at Greenidge Station (NYSEG) and Dunkirk Station (NMPC).more » Phase-2 of the project will focus on scale-up of willow crop acreage, construction of co-firing facilities at Dunkirk Station (NMPC), and final modifications for Greenidge Station. Cofiring willow is also under consideration for GPU`s Seward Station where testing is underway. There will be an evaluation of the energy crop as part of the gasification trials occurring at BED`s McNeill power station. Phase-3 will represent fullscale commercialization of the energy crop and power generation on a sustainable basis. During the third quarter of 1997, much of the Consortium`s effort has focused on outreach activities, continued feedstock development, fuel supply planning, and fuel contract development, and preparation for 1998 scale-up activities. The Consortium also submitted a Phase-1 extension proposal during this period. A few of the more important milestones are outlined below. The fourth quarter of 1997 is expected to be dominated by Phase-II proposal efforts and planning for 1998 activities.« less

A year of more and less. Number of hospital deals drops, but more facilities change hands. 1998 hospital mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, long-term leases and other partnerships.

PubMed

Bellandi, D

1999-01-11

1998 wasn't quite as busy a year for hospital dealmakers as 1997, but those who went shopping bought in volume. Although the number of deals decreased by almost 9%, 687 hospitals changed hands last year, according to our fifth annual tally of merger and acquisition activity.

Estimating the direct radiative forcing due to haze from the 1997 forest fires in Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davison, P. S.; Roberts, D. L.; Arnold, R. T.; Colvile, R. N.

2004-05-01

The El Niño event of 1997-1998 caused a severe reduction of rainfall in Indonesia that promoted the spread of forest fires, leading to a pervasive haze in the region. Here we use fire coverage data from the 1997 World Fire Atlas with a review of other available data and literature to estimate the distribution of particulate emissions from August to November 1997 and the particle size and radiative properties. Our preferred estimate of the total particulate emissions is approximately 41 Tg. The emissions have been used to drive an atmospheric model to simulate the distribution of the haze and its direct radiative effect, with and without allowing for the effects of the smoke on the atmospheric evolution. Model diagnostics of the aerosol and its radiative impact are compared with measurements and output from other models. Large decreases in the incident solar flux at the surface are obtained in the region. The simulated global mean shortwave radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, averaged over the 4 months, is -0.32 Wm-2. The accuracy of this calculation is discussed, and the importance of the Indonesian fires in particular and of biomass burning in general is assessed.

Annual Report to Congress, Fiscal Year 1997. A Report by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-03-01

Environmental Research June 18, 1998 Ms. Joyce Chiras Defense Technical Information Center DTIC/OCA Suite 0944 8725 John J. Kingman Road Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060...6218 Re: Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Annual Reports to Congress - FY 1997 Dear Ms. Chiras : Enclosed are copies of...Achievement in Water Science and Technology, National Water Research Institute, 1996; The Gordon Maskew Fair Award, American Academy of Environmental

Final Report for Annex II--Assessment of Solar Radiation Resources In Saudi Arabia, 1998-2000

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Myers, D. R.; Wilcox, S. M.; Marion, W. F.

2002-04-01

The Final Report for Annex II - Assessment of Solar Radiation Resources in Saudi Arabia 1998-2000 summarizes the accomplishment of work performed, results achieved, and products produced under Annex II, a project established under the Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Renewable Energy Research and Development between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States. The report covers work and accomplishments from January 1998 to December 2000. A previous progress report, Progress Report for Annex II - Assessment of Solar Radiation Resources in Saudi Arabia 1993-1997, NREL/TP-560-29374, summarizes earlier work and technical transfer of information under the project.more » The work was performed in at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and at selected weather stations of the Saudi Meteorological and Environmental Protection Administration (MEPA).« less

Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), 1997-1998: A Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farmworkers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehta, Kala; Gabbard, Susan M.; Barrat, Vanessa; Lewis, Melissa; Carroll, Daniel; Mines, Richard

This report presents current information on the characteristics and work patterns of hired laborers who perform crop work in the United States. Information was obtained from interviews with 4,199 workers in 85 counties between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1998. Chapters 1-3 provide information about the farmworkers themselves, including…

Coral recovery in the central Maldives archipelago since the last major mass-bleaching, in 1998

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pisapia, C.; Burn, D.; Yoosuf, R.; Najeeb, A.; Anderson, K. D.; Pratchett, M. S.

2016-10-01

Increasing frequency and severity of disturbances is causing global degradation of coral reef ecosystems. This study examined temporal changes in live coral cover and coral composition in the central Maldives from 1997 to 2016, encompassing two bleaching events, a tsunami, and an outbreak of Acanthaster planci. We also examined the contemporary size structure for five dominant coral taxa (tabular Acropora, Acropora muricata, Acropora humilis, Pocillopora spp, and massive Porites). Total coral cover increased throughout the study period, with marked increases following the 1998 mass-bleaching. The relative abundance of key genera has changed through time, where Acropora and Pocillopora (which are highly susceptible to bleaching) were under-represented following 1998 mass-bleaching but increased until outbreaks of A. planci in 2015. The contemporary size-structure for all coral taxa was dominated by larger colonies with peaked distributions suggesting that recent disturbances had a disproportionate impact on smaller colonies, or that recruitment is currently limited. This may suggest that coral resilience has been compromised by recent disturbances, and further bleaching (expected in 2016) could lead to highly protracted recovery times. We showed that Maldivian reefs recovered following the 1998 mass-bleaching event, but it took up to a decade, and ongoing disturbances may be eroding reef resilience.

Coral recovery in the central Maldives archipelago since the last major mass-bleaching, in 1998.

PubMed

Pisapia, C; Burn, D; Yoosuf, R; Najeeb, A; Anderson, K D; Pratchett, M S

2016-10-03

Increasing frequency and severity of disturbances is causing global degradation of coral reef ecosystems. This study examined temporal changes in live coral cover and coral composition in the central Maldives from 1997 to 2016, encompassing two bleaching events, a tsunami, and an outbreak of Acanthaster planci. We also examined the contemporary size structure for five dominant coral taxa (tabular Acropora, Acropora muricata, Acropora humilis, Pocillopora spp, and massive Porites). Total coral cover increased throughout the study period, with marked increases following the 1998 mass-bleaching. The relative abundance of key genera has changed through time, where Acropora and Pocillopora (which are highly susceptible to bleaching) were under-represented following 1998 mass-bleaching but increased until outbreaks of A. planci in 2015. The contemporary size-structure for all coral taxa was dominated by larger colonies with peaked distributions suggesting that recent disturbances had a disproportionate impact on smaller colonies, or that recruitment is currently limited. This may suggest that coral resilience has been compromised by recent disturbances, and further bleaching (expected in 2016) could lead to highly protracted recovery times. We showed that Maldivian reefs recovered following the 1998 mass-bleaching event, but it took up to a decade, and ongoing disturbances may be eroding reef resilience.

Coral recovery in the central Maldives archipelago since the last major mass-bleaching, in 1998

PubMed Central

Pisapia, C.; Burn, D.; Yoosuf, R.; Najeeb, A.; Anderson, K. D.; Pratchett, M. S.

2016-01-01

Increasing frequency and severity of disturbances is causing global degradation of coral reef ecosystems. This study examined temporal changes in live coral cover and coral composition in the central Maldives from 1997 to 2016, encompassing two bleaching events, a tsunami, and an outbreak of Acanthaster planci. We also examined the contemporary size structure for five dominant coral taxa (tabular Acropora, Acropora muricata, Acropora humilis, Pocillopora spp, and massive Porites). Total coral cover increased throughout the study period, with marked increases following the 1998 mass-bleaching. The relative abundance of key genera has changed through time, where Acropora and Pocillopora (which are highly susceptible to bleaching) were under-represented following 1998 mass-bleaching but increased until outbreaks of A. planci in 2015. The contemporary size-structure for all coral taxa was dominated by larger colonies with peaked distributions suggesting that recent disturbances had a disproportionate impact on smaller colonies, or that recruitment is currently limited. This may suggest that coral resilience has been compromised by recent disturbances, and further bleaching (expected in 2016) could lead to highly protracted recovery times. We showed that Maldivian reefs recovered following the 1998 mass-bleaching event, but it took up to a decade, and ongoing disturbances may be eroding reef resilience. PMID:27694823

Comparing Vegetation Response in Southern, Central and Northern California during the 1997-1998 and 2015-2016 El Niño

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneiderman, A. C.; Miller, D. L.; Roberts, D. A.

2016-12-01

Quantifying changes in regional impacts of the positive phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is very important in order to understand and anticipate the potential impacts of El Niños. Two specific El Niños were chosen for this study because of their similar magnitude and their anomalous differences in local precipitation across California. Using images obtained in southern (SoCal), central (CeCal) and northern California (NoCal) by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI), we evaluated the geographic patterns of precipitation enhancement during the 1997-1998 and 2015-2016 El Niños. California's vegetation response during the El Niños was measured using Constrained Reference Endmember Selection (CRES) and Spectral Mixture Analysis to select endmembers and map fractional cover for green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) and soil. Our initial analysis showed a greater amount of GV in locations where the enhanced precipitation fell (e.g. SoCal in'97-'98 and NoCal in '15-'16). By comparing the '97-'98 and '15-'16 seasonal change in GV (dGV), we anticipated southern California to show a decrease in dGV between the two El Niño's and for NoCal to show an increase in dGV, with CeCal lying between these trends. Our results confirmed this pattern, and in SoCal during the '15-'16 El Niño the total seasonal dGV was +1450.6 km², which showed a negative trend compared to the +3841.2 km² dGV that occurred during the '97-'98 El Niño. We found similar trends in CeCal and NoCal because the dGV in '15-'16 was greater than dGV in '97-'98 for both locations. The lack of precipitation is speculated to be a result of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), which nearly reached the Tropic of Cancer during the '15-'16 El Niño. If the SSTAs continue to reach very high latitudes during future strong positive ENSO phases, we can speculate that similar trends in GV will be found.

Quality of wet deposition in the Grand Calumet River watershed, northwestern Indiana, April 29, 1997-April 28, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Willoughby, Timothy C.

2000-01-01

The Grand Calumet River, in northwestern Indiana, drains a heavily industrialized area along the southern shore of Lake Michigan. Steel production and petroleum refining are two of the area?s predominant industries. High-temperature processes, such as fossilfuel combustion and steel production, release contaminants to the atmosphere that may result in wet deposition being a major contributor to major-ion and trace-metal loadings in northwestern Indiana and Lake Michigan. A wet-deposition collection site was established at the Gary (Indiana) Regional Airport to monitor the quantity and chemical quality of wet deposition. During a first phase of sampling, 48 wet-deposition samples were collected weekly between June 30, 1992, and August 31, 1993. During a second phase of sampling, 40 wet-deposition samples were collected between October 17, 1995, and November 12, 1996. Forty-two wet-deposition samples were collected during a third phase of sampling, which began April 29, 1997, and was completed April 28, 1998. Wetdeposition samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, and selected major ions and trace metals. This report describes the quantity and quality of wet-deposition samples collected during the third sampling phase and compares these findings to the results of the first and second sampling phases. All of the samples collected during the third phase of sampling were of sufficient volumes for at least some of the analyses to be performed. Constituent concentrations from the third sampling phase were not significantly different (at the 5-percent significance level) from those for the second sampling phase. Significant increases, however, were observed in the concentrations of potassium, iron, lead, and zinc when compared to the concentrations observed in the first sampling phase. Weekly loadings were estimated for each constituent measured during the third sampling phase. If constituent concentrations were reported less than the method reporting limit, a

Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks, Spain, 1997–2008

PubMed Central

Ariza-Miguel, Jaime; Johansson, Anders; Fernández-Natal, María Isabel; Martínez-Nistal, Carmen; Orduña, Antonio; Rodríguez-Ferri, Elías F.; Hernández, Marta

2014-01-01

Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997–1998 and 2007–2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Isolates obtained from the second tularemia outbreak had the same genotypes as isolates obtained from the first outbreak. Both outbreaks were caused by genotypes of genetic subclade B.Br:FTNF002–00, which is widely distributed in countries in central and western Europe. Thus, reemergence of tularemia in Spain was not caused by the reintroduction of exotic strains, but probably by persistence of local reservoirs of infection. PMID:24750848

Water quality and discharge data for St. Joseph Bay, Florida, 1997-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berndt, M.P.; Franklin, M.A.

1999-01-01

Historical data were compiled on water quality and water levels for the St. Joseph Bay area to assess quality of possible sources of land-derived water into the Bay. Ground-water quality data were compiled from Florida Department of Environmental Protection and surface-water quality data were compiled from U.S.Geological Survey files. Water-quality and water-level data were measured during two sample collection periods in October 1997 and March 1998 to determine water-quality and discharge rates in St. Joseph Bay under two sets of flow conditions. Measurements in the Bay included water level, temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Median pH in water from the surficial, intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems ranged from 4.8 to 7.8, and median specific conductance values were less than 500 microsiemens per centimeter. Median nutrient concentrations-- nitrate plus nitrite, ammonia and phosphorus--in the three aquifers were less than 0.5 milligrams per liter. The median pH was 7.0 and the median specific conductance was 81 microsiemens per centimeter for two samples from the Chipola River distribution canal. Water level data were obtained for several wells near St. Joseph Bay but only two wells yielded sufficient data to plot hydrographs. Measurements in St. Joseph Bay during the October and March collection periods were similar for pH and turbidity but differed for temperature, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen. The median temperature was 20.6 degrees Celsius in October and 15.4 degrees Celsius in March, median specific conductance was 39,500 microsiemens per centimeter in October and 43,300 microsiemens per centimeter in March, and median dissolved oxygen was 7.6 milligrams per liter in October and 8.3 milligrams per liter in March. The range in water levels over a tidal cycle in St. Joseph Bay on October 29, 1997 was about 1 foot. During a 24-hour tidal cycle on October 29, 1997, estimated hourly discharge varied from

Area G Perimeter Surface-Soil Sampling Environmental Surveillance for Fiscal Year 1998 Hazardous and Solid Waste Group (ESH-19)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marquis Childs

1999-09-01

Material Disposal Area G (Area G) is at Technical Area 54 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Area G has been the principal facility for the disposal of low-level, solid-mixed, and transuranic waste since 1957. It is currently LANL's primary facility for radioactive solid waste burial and storage. As part of the annual environmental surveillance effort at Area G, surface soil samples are collected around the facility's perimeter to characterize possible radionuclide movement off the site through surface water runoff During 1998, 39 soil samples were collected and analyzed for percent moisture, tritium, plutonium-238 and 239, cesium-137 and americium-241. Tomore » assess radionuclide concentrations, the results from these samples are compared with baseline or background soil samples collected in an undisturbed area west of the active portion Area G. The 1998 results are also compared to the results from analogous samples collected during 1996 and 1997 to assess changes over this time in radionuclide activity concentrations in surface soils around the perimeter of Area G. The results indicate elevated levels of all the radionuclides assessed (except cesium-137) exist in Area G perimeter surface soils vs the baseline soils. The comparison of 1998 soil data to previous years (1996 and 1997) indicates no significant increase or decrease in radionuclide concentrations; an upward or downward trend in concentrations is not detectable at this time. These results are consistent with data comparisons done in previous years. Continued annual soil sampling will be necessary to realize a trend if one exists. The radionuclide levels found in the perimeter surface soils are above background but still considered relatively low. This perimeter surface soil data will be used for planning purposes at Area G, techniques to prevent sediment tm.nsport off-site are implemented in the areas where the highest radionuclide concentrations are indicated.« less

Hydrogeologic framework and potentiometric surface of the Williamson Creek Aquifer "B" sand in the Fort Polk area, Vernon Parish, Louisiana, March 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Prakken, Lawrence B.

2001-01-01

The Fort Polk Military Reservation(hereinafter referred to as the Reservation) in Vernon Parish, Louisiana, occupies 107,024 acres of lands; 66,998 acres are owned by the U.S. Army, and 40,026 acres are owned by the U.S. Forest Service (Dan Nance, Fort Polk Public Affairs office, written commun., 1998).  Some areas of the Reservation, such as an artillery impact area, live-firm areas, and special purpose training areas, are restricted to military personnel.  The Williamson Creek and Carnahan Bayou aquifers are major sources of freshwater for the Reservation.  IN 1996, the Reservation's total water pumpage from the Williamson Creek aquifer for public supply was approxiamately 2.4 million gallons per day (Edward Ducote, Water and Wastewater Branch, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Polk, written commun., 1998).  In 1997, the water withdrawl rate for public supply was approzimately 1.88 million gallons per day from 11 wells completed in the Williamson Creek aquifer.  Almost all of the water was withdrawn from the "B" sand, which is the predominant sand layer of the Williamson Creek aquifer in the study area.  In 1997, nearby Leesville, the seat of Vernon Parish, withdrew all its water for public supply from the deeper Carnahan Bayou aquifer.

Asteroid 1997 XF11 Could Collide with Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marsden, B. G.

1999-09-01

Early in 1998, the 2-km asteroid 1997 XF11 became of interest as a possible danger to the earth because it would clearly pass within--possibly well within--the earth's sphere of influence on 2028 Oct. 26 (IAUC 6837). Given the usual model of the solar system, the 2028 passage was entirely predictable in that there was then no possibility of collision with the earth (IAUC 6879). Nevertheless, despite this predictability, several colleagues insisted on estimating impact probabilities, with results ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-1117) ; although this latter figure by Muinonen may be technically correct, it surely invites the imagination of bizarre scenarios that would increase it. Surprisingly, despite a stated desire for ``peer review'' of pronouncements of an asteroid hazard, there was no consideration that 1997 XF11 might have posed a danger to the earth a few years after 2028. Given the 88-day arc of observations, the uncertainty in the 2028 miss distance meant that the object's revolution period, currently 1.73 years, could subsequently have been anything from 1.53 to 1.99 years. Furthermore, the essentially linear annual change of 4000 km in the minimum distance between the earth's orbit and the object's descending node would reduce this distance to zero during the late 2030s. Given the possibility of a post-2028 earth-resonant period such as 5/3, 7/4, 9/5 or 12/7 years, it was also predictable that there existed trajectories for 1997 XF11, entirely consistent with the available observations, that would yield an earth impact during this timeframe. A possible deep impact in 2040, a grazing impact in 2037 and other passages within 2 or 3 earth radii were in fact found. Although the chaos induced in 2028 renders the calculation of impact probabilities rather difficult, a simplistic argument gives a value of about 10(-5) in at least one of the relevant years (albeit at a very specific time). This is larger than the estimated annual 10(-6) impact probability for unknown

Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release over the Global Tropics using TRMM rainfall products from December 1997 to November 2001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.

2002-01-01

NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2001. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DE 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs. west Pacific, Africa vs. S. America) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in strtaiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMEX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM-LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model.

Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release Over the Global Tropics using TRMM Rainfall Products from December 1997 to November 2001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2000. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DJF 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs west Pacific, Africa vs S. America) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in stratiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMEX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM-LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model.

Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release over the Global Tropics Using TRMM Rainfall Products from December 1997 to November 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.

2003-01-01

NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2000. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DJF 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs west Pacific, Africa vs S. America) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in straitform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMXX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM- LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model.

Regret and Responsibility: A Reply to Zeelenberg et al. (1998).

PubMed

Ordóñez; Connolly

2000-01-01

M. Zeelenberg, W. W. van Dijk, and A. S. R. Manstead (1998, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74, 254-272) recently reported an altered replication of our earlier study (T. Connolly, L. D. Ordóñez, & R. Coughlan, 1997, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 73-85) concerning the effects of decision agency on regret and outcome evaluation. Our earlier study had found no such effect, but Zeelenberg et al. did. In two new experiments, we have largely confirmed Zeelenberg et al.'s result but have shown that, contrary to most theory, regret (a) can appear even in the absence of decision agency, (b) can be unrelated to outcome evaluations, and (c) may be more influenced by the experience of gains or losses from the status quo than by any decisional responsibility for those changes. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

[Assessment of hygiene practices in anaesthesia between 1998 and 2007 in Lorraine].

PubMed

Anselme, S; Boileau, S; Vedel, M; Muller, C; Blech, M-F; Bouaziz, H

2009-01-01

To study the assessment of hygiene practices in anaesthesia in Lorraine between 1998 and 2007, after recommendations from the French Society of Anaesthesia and Reanimation (SFAR) in December 1997, and different local actions. Two surveys performed at a nine-year interval in Lorraine hospitals. Questionnaires about risk infection management and hygiene practices were sent by post to all anaesthetists, nurse anaesthetists and recovery room nurses in 1998 (n=279) and in 2007 (n=259). Between the two surveys multidrug-resistant bacteria signalling, movements of the staff in operating rooms, septic isolation protocol and management of single-use disposable anaesthesia material have been improved (p<0.05). Central venous catheters are less performed in recovery rooms and rings wearing decreased by 16% (p<0.05). Wearing of nonsterile gloves for peripheral venous catheter and intubation is not generalized (p<0.05). About half of the hospitals have cleanup procedures of anaesthesia furniture. Washing of hands by anaesthesia staff is not sometimes respected but it's more frequent for medicine preparation and between two operations. A good skin disinfection (cleaning - rinsing - drying - antiseptic) is more recurrent in 2007 (61.4%) than in 1998 (41.9%) for arterial catheter. Wearing of glasses for intubation is each times rare, about 15%. Hygiene practices in anaesthesia in Lorraine have been improved between the two surveys by recommendations from the Sfar and the work of the Antenne Régional de Lorraine (audits, manuals, formations). Promising progress has been made but some points must still be worked on.

The LCCE Insider, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergert, Susan, Ed.

1997-01-01

This document brings together the first three issues of a newsletter designed for users of the Council for Exceptional Children's Life Centered Career Education (LCCE) curriculum. The newsletter's goal is to inform practitioners of curriculum implementation ideas and transition issues, and to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas. Featured…

Deaf-Blind Perspectives, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deaf-Blind Perspectives, 1998

1998-01-01

This one-year collection of three serial issues focuses on problem solving skills for children with deaf-blindness, the history and change in the education of children who are deaf-blind since the rubella epidemic of the 1960's, and early identification of infants who are deaf-blind. Specific articles include: (1) "Research to Practice Focus…

Annual Report of the CDDS for 1998 Adopted by the Committee for the Development of Sport (CDDS) at its 22nd Meeting (Strasbourg, France, March 3-4, 1999).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France).

This 1998 annual report introduces areas where the Council of Europe's Committee for the Development of Sport (CDDS) needs to work, focusing on identifying areas and activities where sport can best contribute to an Action Plan adopted in 1997 and discussing the problem of drug use by athletes. The report begins by looking at the CDDS and its…

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs with swine erysipelas in Japan, 1988-1998.

PubMed

Yamamoto, K; Kijima, M; Yoshimura, H; Takahashi, T

2001-03-01

The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents of 214 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs affected with swine erysipelas in Japan between 1988 and 1998 was determined. Ampicillin, cloxacillin, benzylpenicillin, ceftiofur, tylosin, enrofloxacin and danofloxacin were the most active agents [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); < or = 0.025-0.78 microgram/ml], followed by cefazolin, virginiamycin, tiamulin, chloramphenicol, florphenicol and oxolinic acid (MICs; 0.1-25 micrograms/ml). Activity was poor or absent with kanamycin and sulfadimethoxine. Strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline and doxycycline were detected. The susceptibilities to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline tended to decrease. Investigation of the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of the 214 strains according to their serotypes, sources, isolation years and regions, showed that the strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin were most frequently found in the strains of serotype 1a and in strains from septicaemic cases. Strains resistant to oxytetracycline were detected in all serotypes and all sources, and most of the strains resistant to erythromycin were detected in the strains of serotype 2. The frequency of strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin gradually increased from 1988 to 1996, but then decreased between 1997 and 1998. The frequency of strains resistant to oxytetracycline was remained more than 38% from 1988 to 1998. It was suggested that the strains resistant to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline were distributed over almost all districts of Japan.

Geohydrology of Monitoring Wells Drilled in Oasis Valley near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robledo, Armando R.; Ryder, Philip L.; Fenelon, Joseph M.; Paillet, Frederick L.

1999-01-01

Twelve monitoring wells were installed in 1997 at seven sites in and near Oasis Valley, Nevada. The wells, ranging in depth from 65 to 642 feet, were installed to measure water levels and to collect water-quality samples. Well-construction data and geologic and geophysical logs are presented in this report. Seven geologic units were identified and described from samples collected during the drilling: (1) Ammonia Tanks Tuff; (2) Tuff of Cutoff Road; (3) tuffs, not formally named but informally referred to in this report as the 'tuff of Oasis Valley'; (4) lavas informally named the 'rhyolitic lavas of Colson Pond'; (5) Tertiary colluvial and alluvial gravelly deposits; (6) Tertiary and Quaternary colluvium; and (7) Quaternary alluvium. Water levels in the wells were measured in October 1997 and February 1998 and ranged from about 18 to 350 feet below land surface. Transmissive zones in one of the boreholes penetrating volcanic rock were identified using flowmeter data. Zones with the highest transmissivity are at depths of about 205 feet in the 'rhyolitic lavas of Colson Pond' and 340 feet within the 'tuff of Oasis Valley.'

Analysis of epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in Tomsk region from 1998 to 2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samoilova, Y. G.; Oleynik, O. A.; Yurchenko, E. V.; Zinchuk, S. F.; Sivolobova, T. V.; Rotkank, M. A.; Mazhitova, D. S.

2017-08-01

The purpose of the present research is the comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in the Tomsk region from 1998 to 2014. There were examined 9901 and 15174 children of the school age including within the medical examination of the children’s population in 1998 and 2014 in Tomsk. At all school pupils there were analyzed anamnestic data and carried out anthropometrical measurements, ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was carried out using the portable scanner "Aloka SSD 500" with the linear sensor of 7,5 MHz frequency in the real time, the thyroid volume was evaluated according to Delange (1997). The excretion of inorganic iodine was determined at 264 in 1998 and at 120 children in 2014, respectively, in a one-time portion of urine by the cerium-arsenic method. There was additionally carried out the analysis of results of determination of TSH at 10717 in 1998, and at 15091 in 2014 in a spot of the whole blood at newborn children on the 4-5 day after birth at full-term and on the 7-14 day at prematurely born children. Neonatal TSH in the dried-up samples of capillary blood was determined by the method of the fluorometric immune-ferment analysis with the use of sets of TSH-Neonatal: Delfia, Finland. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out with the use of the applied software package pspp. The descriptive analysis included calculation of the median for the quantitative and the calculation of frequencies for qualitative data. The comparative analysis included calculation of distinctions reliability by the Mann-Whitney criterion for independent and to Wilcoxon’s criterion for dependent data. The comparative analysis of epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in Tomsk and the Tomsk region in 1998 and 2014 specifies decreasing the iodine deficiency diseases in the Tomsk region, increasing the iodine provision of the population within 15 years by 27%, decreasing neonatal hyperthyroidism by 1.5 times.

Saker falcon research and conservation efforts in Mongolia, 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ellis, D.H.; Tsengeg, Pu; Whitlock, P.L.

1998-01-01

This past summer. our small field team followed a 4000 km route through central and eastern Mongolia. Even though there was a population crash underway for picas (Ochotona sp.) and voles (Microtus sp.). we found 38 new saker nests and visited 60 eyries found in previous years. Many of the former eyries were unoccupied. Others were occupied but without young. Productivity was good at eyries with large young. and southeastern Mongolia seemed unaffected by food shortages. The main goal for 1997 was to create new eyries and enlarge. stabilise. or otherwise alter marginal eyries. \\Ve created 65 eyries as follows: 8 on wooden powerlines or telephone supports, 8 on metal power line towers, 3 in trees, 3 on boulders, 11 on cliffs, 17 on abandoned buildings, 9 on metal geological survey towers, and 6 on miscellaneous structures. \\Ve also enlarged or repaired three establishedeyries and did minor repairs on several others. Lesser accomplishments include what may be the first observation of siblicide for the saker falcon (please contact us immediately if you have other records of sakerchicks attacking or killing their nest mates) and the description of a new saker flight display. We also documented an unusual golden eagle eyrie containing the remains of nearly 30 foxes, several predatory birds, and a number of gazelle. In 1998. we plan to return to Mongolia to see how many of our 'fake eyries' attracted falcons. Our work in 1997 was supported by Mr. Howell. another philanthropist (anonymous) and the Institute of Raptor Studies.

Early Developments, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Loyd, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the two 1998 issues of a journal reporting new research in early child development conducted by the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In the Spring 1998 issue, articles highlight the Center's diverse cross-cultural projects and global research, training and…

Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release Over the Global Tropics using TRMM Rainfall Products from December 1997 to November 2001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2000. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DJF 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs west Pacific, Africa vs S. America) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in stratiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Recent blood pressure trends in adolescents from China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America, 1997-2012.

PubMed

Xi, Bo; Bovet, Pascal; Hong, Young M; Zong, Xin'nan; Chiolero, Arnaud; Kim, Hae S; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Min

2016-10-01

Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, secular trends in elevated blood pressure (BP) differ across populations. We aimed to compare recent BP and obesity trends in adolescents aged 10-19 years in China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America. Data in adolescents aged 10-19 years came from China (1997-2011, n = 8025), Korea (1998-2012, n = 10 119), Seychelles (1998-2012, n = 27 569) and the United States of America (1999-2012, n = 14 580). Elevated BP was defined as SBP or DBP equal to or above the referent sex, age and height-specific 95th percentile of the US Fourth Report. Overweight and obesity were defined using criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Between 1997-2000 and 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased in Korea and did not change substantially in China and in the United States of America. The prevalence of elevated BP increased in Seychelles. In 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP was 1.7% in the United States of America, 3.8% in China, 3.7% in Korea and 14.3% in Seychelles. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased over time and reached in 2011-2012 41.2% in the United States of America, 18.6% in China, 25.2% in Korea and 27.4% in Seychelles. Elevated BP was strongly associated with obesity in all countries. Although the prevalence of obesity increased markedly in the four countries, secular BP trends in adolescents differed in countries of different regions.

Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release over the Global Tropics using TRMM Rainfall Products from December 1997 to November 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lang, S.; Simpson, J.; Meneghini, R.; Halverson, J.; Johnson, R.; Adler, R.

2003-01-01

NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) derived rainfall information will be used to estimate the four-dimensional structure of global monthly latent heating and rainfall profiles over the global tropics from December 1997 to November 2000. Rainfall, latent heating and radar reflectivity structures between El Nino (DJF 1997-98) and La Nina (DJF 1998-99) will be examined and compared. The seasonal variation of heating over various geographic locations (i.e., oceanic vs continental, Indian ocean vs west Pacific, Africa vs. S. America ) will also be analyzed. In addition, the relationship between rainfall, latent heating (maximum heating level), radar reflectivity and SST is examined and will be presented in the meeting. The impact of random error and bias in stratiform percentage estimates from PR on latent heating profiles is studied and will also be presented in the meeting. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model is being used to simulate various mesoscale convective systems that developed in different geographic locations. Specifically, the model estimated rainfall, radar reflectivity and latent heating profiles will be compared to observational data collected from TRMM field campaigns over the South China Sea in 1998 (SCSMEX), Brazil in 1999 (TRMM-LBA), and the central Pacific in 1999 (KWAJEX). Sounding diagnosed heating budgets and radar reflectivity from these experiments can provide the means to validate (heating product) as well as improve the GCE model. Review of other latent heating algorithms will be discussed in the workshop.

Compilation of FY 1997 Air Force General Funds Consolidated Financial Statements at the Defense Finance and Accounting Service Denver Center.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-10-05

Consolidated Financial Statements to the Air Force Audit Agency. The Defense Finance and Accounting Service Denver Center maintained accounting records and prepared the FY 1997 financial statements for the Air Force. More than $343 billion in total assets was reported at year’s end in these statements, and total revenues for the year exceeded $64 billion. The Air Force Audit Agency disclaimed an opinion on these statements. Additionally, although the Office of Management and Budget does not require budgetary resource reporting until FY 1998, the Air Force

Risk of influenza A (H5N1) infection among poultry workers, Hong Kong, 1997-1998.

PubMed

Bridges, Carolyn Buxton; Lim, Wilina; Hu-Primmer, Jean; Sims, Les; Fukuda, Keiji; Mak, K H; Rowe, Thomas; Thompson, William W; Conn, Laura; Lu, Xiuhua; Cox, Nancy J; Katz, Jacqueline M

2002-04-15

In 1997, outbreaks of highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) among poultry coincided with 18 documented human cases of H5N1 illness. Although exposure to live poultry was associated with human illness, no cases were documented among poultry workers (PWs). To evaluate the potential for avian-to-human transmission of H5N1, a cohort study was conducted among 293 Hong Kong government workers (GWs) who participated in a poultry culling operation and among 1525 PWs. Paired serum samples collected from GWs and single serum samples collected from PWs were considered to be anti-H5 antibody positive if they were positive by both microneutralization and Western blot testing. Among GWs, 3% were seropositive, and 1 seroconversion was documented. Among PWs, approximately 10% had anti-H5 antibody. More-intensive poultry exposure, such as butchering and exposure to ill poultry, was associated with having anti-H5 antibody. These findings suggest an increased risk for avian influenza infection from occupational exposure.

East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: A Historical Perspective of the 1998 Flood over Yangtze River

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weng, H.-Y.; Lau, K.-M.

1999-01-01

One of the main factors that might have caused the disastrous flood in China during 1998 summer is long-term variations that include a trend indicating increasing monsoon rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley. China's 160-station monthly rainfall anomaly for the summers of 1955-98 is analyzed for exploring such long-term variations. Singular value decomposition (SVD) between the summer rainfall and the global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies reveals that the rainfall over Yangtze River Valley is closely related to global and regional SST variabilities at both interannual and interdecadal timescales. SVD1 mode links the above normal rainfall condition in central China to an El Nino-like SSTA distribution, varying on interannual timescale modified by a trend during the period. SVD3 mode links positive rainfall anomaly in Yangtze River Valley to the warm SST anomaly in the subtropical western Pacific, varying on interannual timescales modified by interdecadal timescales. This link tends to be stronger when the Nino3 area becomes colder and the western subtropical Pacific becomes warmer. The 1998 summer is a transition season when the 1997/98 El Nino event was in its decaying phase, and the SST in the Nino3 area emerged below normal anomaly while the subtropical western Pacific SST above normal. Thus, the first and third SVD modes become dominant in 1998 summer, favoring more Asian summer monsoon rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley.

Recent Additions for 1997

EPA Science Inventory

December 15, 1997

Minutes of the Stakeholder Meetings on the Report of the JSA Shrimp Virus Work Group

November 21, 1997

Coronary revascularization in Japan. Part 2: comparison of facilities between 1997 and 1999.

PubMed

Tsuchihashi, M; Tsutsui, H; Shihara, M; Shigematsu, H; Yamamoto, S; Koike, G; Kono, S; Takeshita, A

2001-12-01

A nation-wide survey on the procedures and facilities of coronary revascularization, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) conducted by the Japanese Coronary Intervention Study (JCIS) group during 1997 revealed that PCI is more often used than CABG and is mainly carried out in low-volume facilities without surgical backup. The present study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in the usage of revascularization therapies and facilities from 1997 to 1999. A questionnaire was mailed in 1998 to the delegates of 1,086 PCI and 582 CABG facilities identified by the previous survey, and 89% of PCIs surveyed and 94% of CABGs surveyed reported back. The number of PCI procedures had increased by 19% from 97,831 to 116,479 and that of CABG procedures also increased by 21% from 16,374 to 19,846. The ratio of PCI to CABG was 5.9 in 1999, showing no significant change from 6.0 in 1997. In parallel, the number of PCI and CABG facilities increased from 888 to 941 and from 442 to 453, respectively. The use of coronary stents and other interventional devices increased during these 2 years. Coronary stents were used regardless of the annual procedural volume of the facilities, whereas other interventional devices, directional and rotational coronary atherectomy, were used mainly in the high-volume laboratories (p<0.01). Beating-heart, off-pump CABG had increased from 2% to 11% of total cases. Continued monitoring of trends in PCI and CABG facilities and procedures will be needed for nation-wide assessment of the use of new technology.

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-07-01

Concerning comets: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1996 J1 (Evans-Drinkwater), C/1997 BA6 (Spacewatch), C/1997 D1 (Mueller), C/1997 H2 (SOHO), C/1997 J1 (Mueller), C/1997 J2 (Meunier-Dupouy), C/1997 N1 (Tabur), C/1997 O1 (Tilbrook), C/1997 T1 (Utsunomiya), C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse), C/1998 J1 (SOHO), C/1998 K1 (Mueller), C/1998 K2 (LINEAR), C/1998 K5 (LINEAR), C/1998 M1 (LINEAR), C/1998 M2 (LINEAR), C/1998 M3 (Larsen), C/1998 M4 (LINEAR), C/1998 M5 (LINEAR), C/1998 P1 (Williams), C/1998 T1 (LINEAR), C/1998 U5 (LINEAR), C/1999 F1 (Catalina), C/1999 F2 (Dalcanton), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 H3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J2 (Skiff), C/1999 J3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J4 (LINEAR), C/1999 K2 (Ferris), C/1999 K3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K5 (LINEAR), C/1999 K6 (LINEAR), C/1999 K7 (LINEAR), C/1999 K8 (LINEAR), C/1999 L2 (LINEAR), C/1999 N2 (Lynn), 2P/Encke, 9P/Tempel 1, 10P/Tempel 2, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 37P/Forbes, 43P/Wolf-Harrington, 46P/Wirtanen, 48P/Johnson, 49P/Arend-Rigaux, 52P/Harrington-Abell, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, 62P/Tsuchinshan 1, 65P/Gunn, 69P/Taylor, 78P/Gehrels 2, 81P/Wild 2, 88P/Howell, 92P/Lovas 1, 94P/Russell 4, 95P/Chiron, 100P/Hartley 1, 103P/Hartley 2, 104P/Kowal 2, 105P/Singer Brewster, 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4, 121P/Shoemaker-Holt 2, 128P/Shoemaker-Holt 1, 132P/Helin-Roman-Alu 2, 134P/Kowal-Vávrová, 135P/Shoemaker-Levy 8, 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2, 140P/Bowell-Skiff, P/1998 U3 (Jäger), P/1998 W1 (Spahr), P/1999 DN3 (Korlević-Jurić), P/1999 E1 (Li), P/1999 G1 (LINEAR), P/1999 J5 (LINEAR).

A Combined Length-of-Day Series Spanning 1832-1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, Richard S.

1999-01-01

The Earth's rotation is not constant but exhibits minute changes on all observable time scales ranging from subdaily to secular. This rich spectrum of observed Earth rotation changes reflects the rich variety of astronomical and geophysical phenomena that are causing the Earth's rotation to change, including, but not limited to, ocean and solid body tides, atmospheric wind and pressure changes, oceanic current and sea level height changes, post-glacial rebound, and torques acting at the core-mantle boundary. In particular, the decadal-scale variations of the Earth's rotation are thought to be largely caused by interactions between the Earth's outer core and mantle. Comparing the inferred Earth rotation variations caused by the various core-mantle interactions to observed variations requires Earth rotation observations spanning decades, if not centuries. During the past century many different techniques have been used to observe the Earth's rotation. By combining the individual Earth rotation series determined by each of these techniques, a series of the Earth's rotation can be obtained that is based upon independent measurements spanning the greatest possible time interval. In this study, independent observations of the Earth's rotation are combined to generate a length-of-day series spanning 1832-1997. The observations combined include lunar occultation measurements spanning 1832-1955, optical astrometric measurements spanning 1956-1982, lunar laser ranging measurements spanning 1970-1997, and very long baseline interferometric measurements spanning 1978-1998. These series are combined using a Kalman filter developed at JPL for just this purpose. The resulting combined length-of-day series will be presented and compared with other available length-of-day series of similar duration.

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

40 CFR 52.1989 - Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 52.1989 Section 52.1989 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (CONTINUED) Oregon § 52.1989 Interstate Transport for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. (a... 8-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. The SIP revision also meets the requirements of Clean Air...

Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99

USGS Publications Warehouse

Westenburg, Craig L.; DeMeo, Guy A.; Tanko, Daron J.

2006-01-01

Lake Mead is one of a series of large Colorado River reservoirs operated and maintained by the Bureau of Reclamation. The Colorado River system of reservoirs and diversions is an important source of water for millions of people in seven Western States and Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, conducted a study from 1997 to 1999 to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead. For this study, micrometeorological and hydrologic data were collected continually from instrumented platforms deployed at four locations on the lake, open-water areas of Boulder Basin, Virgin Basin, and Overton Arm and a protected cove in Boulder Basin. Data collected at the platforms were used to estimate Lake Mead evaporation by solving an energy-budget equation. The average annual evaporation rate at open-water stations from January 1998 to December 1999 was 7.5 feet. Because the spatial variation of monthly and annual evaporation rates was minimal for the open-water stations, a single open-water station in Boulder Basin would provide data that are adequate to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead.

External quality-assurance results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 1997-99

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gordon, John D.; Latysh, Natalie E.; Lindholm, Sandy J.

2003-01-01

Five external quality-assurance programs were operated by the U.S. Geological Survey for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/ National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) during 1997 through 1999: the intersite-comparison program, the blind-audit program, the field- audit program, the interlaboratory-comparison program, and the collocated-sampler program. The intersite-comparison program assesses the accuracy of pH and specific-conductance determinations made by NADP/NTN site operators. In two 1997 intersite-comparison studies, 83.7 and 85.8 percent of the pH determinations met the NADP/NTN accuracy goals, whereas 97.3 and 92.4 percent of the specific-conductance determinations met the NADP/NTN accuracy goals. The percentage of pH and specific-conductance determinations that met the accuracy goals in 1998 were, for the most part, higher than in 1997. In two 1998 studies, 90.9 and 90.3 percent of the pH determinations met the accuracy goals compared to 94.7 and 96.0 percent of the specific- conductance measurements meeting the accuracy goals. In one 1999 intersite-comparison study, 89.5 percent and 99.4 percent of pH and specific- conductance determinations, respectively, met the NADP/NTN accuracy goals. The blind-audit program evaluates the effects of routine sample handling, processing, and shipping on the analytical bias and precision of weekly precipitation samples. A portion of the blind-audit sample subject to the normal onsite handling and processing of a weekly precipitation sample is referred to as the bucket portion, whereas the portion receiving only minimal handling is referred to as the bottle portion. Positive bias in regard to blind-audit results indicates that the bucket portion has a higher concentration than the bottle portion. The paired t-test for the 1997 through 1999 blind- audit data indicates that routine sample handling, processing, and shipping introduced a positive bias (a=0.05) for calcium and chloride and a negative bias (cz=0.05) for

Recent Additions for 1998

EPA Science Inventory

December 22, 1998

Benchmark Dose Software

December 16, 1998

The Onset of the 1997-1998 El Nino and its Impact on the Phytoplankton Community of the Central Equatorial Pacific

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chavez, F. P.; Strutton, P. G.; McPhaden, M. J.

1996-01-01

Using physical and bio-optical data from moorings in the central equatorial Pacific, the perturbations to phytoplankton biomass and productivity associated with the onset of the 1997-98 El Nino event were investigated. The data presented depict the physical progression of El Nino onset, from reversal of the trade winds in the western equatorial Pacific, through eastward propagation of equatorially trapped Kelvin waves and advection of waters from the nutrient-poor western equatorial warm pool. The physical perturbations led to fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass, quantum yield of fluorescence and a 50% reduction in primary productivity.

National Epidemiologic Surveys of Enterobacter aerogenes in Belgian Hospitals from 1996 to 1998

PubMed Central

De Gheldre, Y.; Struelens, M. J.; Glupczynski, Y.; De Mol, P.; Maes, N.; Nonhoff, C.; Chetoui, H.; Sion, C.; Ronveaux, O.; Vaneechoutte, M.

2001-01-01

Two national surveys were conducted to describe the incidence and prevalence of Enterobacter aerogenes in 21 Belgian hospitals in 1996 and 1997 and to characterize the genotypic diversity and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical strains of E. aerogenes isolated from hospitalized patients in Belgium in 1997 and 1998. Twenty-nine hospitals collected 10 isolates of E. aerogenes, which were typed by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) using two primers and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method. Beta-lactamases were detected by the double-disk diffusion test and characterized by isoelectric point. The median incidence of E. aerogenes colonization or infection increased from 3.3 per 1,000 admissions in 1996 to 4.2 per 1000 admissions in the first half of 1997 (P < 0.01). E. aerogenes strains (n = 260) clustered in 25 AP-PCR types. Two major types, BE1 and BE2, included 36 and 38% of strains and were found in 21 and 25 hospitals, respectively. The BE1 type was indistinguishable from a previously described epidemic strain in France. Half of the strains produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, either TEM-24 (in 86% of the strains) or TEM-3 (in 14% of the strains). Over 75% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin. Over 90% of the strains were susceptible to cefepime, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. In conclusion, these data suggest a nationwide dissemination of two epidemic multiresistant E. aerogenes strains in Belgian hospitals. TEM-24 beta-lactamase was frequently harbored by one of these epidemic strains, which appeared to be genotypically related to a TEM-24-producing epidemic strain from France, suggesting international dissemination. PMID:11230400

[Book review] Cowbirds and Other Brood Parasites by Catherine Ortega. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press (1998). The Avian Brood Parasites: Deception at the Nest by Paul A. Johnsgard. New York: Oxford University Press (1997) Parasitic Birds and their Hosts: Studies in Coevolution edited by S.I. Rothstein & S.K. Robinson. New York: Oxford University Press (1998)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hahn, D.C.

1999-01-01

We are in a golden age for the study of brood parasitism, judging from both the quantity and quality of recent scientific publications on cuckoos, cowbirds and parasitic finches by investigators working in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia. As Johnsgard (1997) remarks in his preface, the evolutionary, ecological, and behavioural questions posed by obligate brood parasites are among the most intriguing contemporary ornithological topics. Rothstein & Robinson (1998) explain that brood parasites make ideal subjects for testing the generality of models for the evolution of social and mating behaviour, foraging behaviour, spatial distribution, and vocal development, because the strategy of providing no parental care removes constraints imposed on other birds. Since Aristotle, people have been fascinated by brood parasites, but only in the past two decades has the number of investigators working on this topic reached a critical mass and created momentum that promises many breakthroughs. New studies are being completed so rapidly that a general book is inevitably out of date on some topics by the time it is published. A complete library on brood parasitism should add two recent volumes (Morrison et al. 1999; Smith et al., in press).to the three reviewed here.

Thyroid function and perchlorate in drinking water: an evaluation among California newborns, 1998.

PubMed

Buffler, Patricia A; Kelsh, Michael A; Lau, Edmund C; Edinboro, Charlotte H; Barnard, Julie C; Rutherford, George W; Daaboul, Jorge J; Palmer, Lynn; Lorey, Fred W

2006-05-01

Perchlorate (ClO4-) has been detected in groundwater sources in numerous communities in California and other parts of the United States, raising concerns about potential impacts on health. For California communities where ClO4- was tested in 1997 and 1998, we evaluated the prevalence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among the 342,257 California newborns screened in 1998. We compared thyroid function results among newborns from 24 communities with average ClO4- concentrations in drinking water>5 microg/L (n=50,326) to newborns from 287 communities with average concentrations5 microg/L were observed, with 20.4 expected [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR)=0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-1.19]. Although only 36% of all California newborns were screened before 24 hr of age in 1998, nearly 80% of newborns with high TSH were screened before 24 hr of age. Because of the physiologic postnatal surge of TSH, the results for newborns screened before 24 hr were uninformative for assessing an environmental impact. For newborns screened>or=24 hr, the adjusted POR for high TSH was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.40-1.23). All adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were controlled for sex, ethnicity, birth weight, and multiple birth status. Using an assessment of ClO4- in drinking water based on available data, we did not observe an association between estimated average ClO4- concentrations>5 microg/L in drinking water supplies and the prevalence of clinically diagnosed PCH or high TSH concentrations.

Indonesia: The Economic Crisis 1997-1998.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

Malaysian ringgit, Indonesian rupiah and even the Singapore dollar. The crisis happened not only in Southeast Asia but also spread to other regions...offered the Philippines almost $1.1 billion in financial support. On July 14, the Malaysian central bank abandoned the defense of the ringgit, and on...July 24, Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, launched a bitter attack on "rouge speculators" after the ringgit hit a 38-month low of 2.6530

Internet Issues and Applications, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dempsey, Bert J., Ed.; Jones, Paul, Ed.

This book gives an overview of the leading-edge Internet application areas (streaming multimedia, collaborative tools, Web databases) and key information policy issues (privacy, censorship, information quality, and more). The text serves as a primer on understanding the forces--economic, legal, social, as well as technological--that are shaping…

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Center," Eastern Pacific Oceanographic Conference, Timberline Lodge , OR, 23-26 September 1998. DoD KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Battlespace Environments...34 1998 Annual Meeting, Eastern Pacific Oceanic Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Asanuma, H., Chavez, F., Collins, C, Michisake, R., andRago...Eastern Pacific Ocean Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Laws, K.E., Fernandez, D.M., Paduan, J.D., and Vesecky, J.F., "Simulation Studies of

50 CFR Table 7 to Part 680 - Initial Issuance of Crab QS by Crab QS Fishery

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... February 29, 1996; (2) January 15, 1997 through March 21, 1997; (3) January 15, 1998 through March 20, 1998; (4) January 15, 1999 through March 22, 1999; (5) April 1-8, 2000. 3 years of the 5-year period beginning on: (1) January 15, 1996 through February 29, 1996; (2) January 15, 1997 through March 21, 1997...

1997 Economic Census : transportation : 1997 Commodity Flow Survey : exports

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

The Commodity Flow Survey comprises one section of the 1997 Economic Census. The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation's economy. It provides essential information for government, business, ind...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Idaho

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Alaska

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Georgia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Delaware

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Connecticut

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Iowa

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Alabama

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Illinois

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Indiana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Florida

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Hawaii

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Arkansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Colorado

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Arizona

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : California

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken : through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, : U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation : Statistics,U.S. Department of Transportation. : This survey produces data on...

Photometric monitoring of three BL Lacertae objects in 1993-1998

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, J. M.; Xie, G. Z.; Li, K. H.; Zhang, X.; Liu, W. W.

1999-05-01

The results of optical photometric (BVRI) monitoring of three BL Lac objects over a time interval of about four years are presented. The sources are three classical radio-selected BL Lac objects, BL Lac, OJ 287 and PKS 0735+178. During our observation OJ 287 was in the stage of a large periodic outburst which consisted of at least two peaks. Almost all the observations obtained over consecutive nights detected intranight variations. In 1995 and 1996 BL Lac kept in faint states, with fewer and smaller rapid flares and fluctuations. On the contrary, in late 1997 BL Lac was at the stage of a large outburst, accompanied with much more large amplitude rapid flares and fluctuations. PKS 0735+178 was almost at its faint end from 1994 to early 1998. Over this time interval, the intraday variations and microvariations in PKS 0735+178 were rare and the amplitude was very small, except a rapid darkening of ~ 0.4 mag on 24 January 1995. Previous work by \\cite[Webb et al. (1988);]{web88} \\cite[Wagner et al. (1996);]{wag96} \\cite[Pian et al. (1997)]{pia97} also showed the same behaviour of variability as BL Lac and PKS 0735+178 in BL Lac, S5 0716+714, PKS 2155-304, respectively. We propose that the motion of orientation of the relativistic jet in a BL Lac object be responsible for these variability behaviours. Table~1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html

Semiannual Report: Apr 1, 1998 - Sept 30, 1998

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-98-004, Nov, 1998. We look forward to working with the Administrator, Agency managers, Congress, and EPA's various stakeholders to help ensure that EPA delivers the maximum in environmental and health benefits to the public.

Career Placement and Graduate Transfer Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Community Coll. of Rhode Island, Warwick.

This report provides data on career and transfer outcomes of 1997 graduates from the Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI). A brief preface explains that surveys were distributed to 1,551 graduates from 1997, with a total response rate of 84.8 percent (n=1,315). Results from the survey indicate that, with small exception, 1997 graduates are…

Multidrug-resistant Strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, United States, 1997–19981

PubMed Central

Whichard, Jean; Rossiter, Shannon; Holland, Ben; Stamey, Karen; Headrick, Marcia L.; Barrett, Timothy J.; Angulo, Frederick J.

2004-01-01

To evaluate multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, including definitive type 104 (DT104) in the United States, we reviewed data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). In 1997–1998, 25% (703) of 2,767 serotyped Salmonella isolates received at NARMS were S. Typhimurium; antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were completed for 697. Fifty-eight percent (402) were resistant to >1 antimicrobial agent. Three multidrug-resistant (>5 drugs) strains accounted for 74% (296) of all resistant isolates. Ceftriaxone resistance was present in 3% (8), and nalidixic acid resistance in 1% (4), of these multidrug-resistant strains. By phage typing, 37% (259) of S. Typhimurium isolates were DT104, 30% (209) were of undefined type and 15% (103) were untypable. Fifty percent (202) of resistant (>1 drug) isolates were DT104. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates, particularly DT104, account for a substantial proportion of S. Typhimurium isolates; ceftriaxone resistance is exhibited by some of these strains. PMID:15200811

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Missouri

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Oregon

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Oklahoma

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Maine

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Montana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Vermont

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Minnesota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Kansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Nebraska

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Massachusetts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Wyoming

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Utah

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Tennessee

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Mississippi

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Wisconsin

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Michigan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Texas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Nevada

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Pennsylvania

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Ohio

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Kentucky

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Louisiana

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Washington

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

Salmon Supplementation Studies in Idaho Rivers, 1996-1998 Progress Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reighn, Christopher A.; Lewis, Bert; Taki, Doug

1999-06-01

Information contained in this report summarizes the work that has been done by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Fisheries Department under BPA Project No. 89-098-3, Contract Number 92-BI-49450. Relevant data generated by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe will be collated with other ISS cooperator data collected from the Salmon and Clearwater rivers and tributary streams. A summary of data presented in this report and an initial project-wide level supplementation evaluation will be available in the ISS 5 year report that is currently in progress. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribal Fisheries Department is responsible for monitoring a variety of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production parameters as partmore » of the Idaho Supplementation Studies (BPA Project No. 89-098-3, Contract Number 92-BI-49450). Parameters include parr abundance in tributaries to the upper Salmon River; adult chinook salmon spawner abundance, redd counts, and carcass collection. A rotary screw trap is operated on the East Fork Salmon River and West Fork Yankee Fork Salmon River to enumerate and PIT-tag chinook smolts. These traps are also used to monitor parr movement, and collect individuals for the State and Tribal chinook salmon captive rearing program. The SBT monitors fisheries parameters in the following six tributaries of the Salmon River: Bear Valley Creek, East Fork Salmon River, Herd Creek, South Fork Salmon River, Valley Creek, and West Fork Yankee Fork. Chinook populations in all SBT-ISS monitored streams continue to decline. The South Fork Salmon River and Bear Valley Creek have the strongest remaining populations. Snorkel survey methodology was used to obtain parr population estimates for ISS streams from 1992 to 1997. Confidence intervals for the parr population estimates were large, especially when the populations were low. In 1998, based on ISS cooperator agreement, snorkeling to obtain parr population estimates was ceased due to the large confidence intervals. A rotary screw trap

Rates of coverage and determinants of complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso (1998-2003).

PubMed

Sia, Drissa; Fournier, Pierre; Kobiané, Jean-François; Sondo, Blaise K

2009-11-17

Burkina Faso's immunization program has benefited regularly from national and international support. However, national immunization coverage has been irregular, decreasing from 34.7% in 1993 to 29.3% in 1998, and then increasing to 43.9% in 2003. Undoubtedly, a variety of factors contributed to this pattern. This study aims to identify both individual and systemic factors associated with complete vaccination in 1998 and 2003 and relate them to variations in national and international policies and strategies on vaccination of rural Burkinabé children aged 12-23 months. Data from the 1998 and 2003 Demographic and Health Surveys and the Ministry of Health's 1997 and 2002 Statistical Yearbooks, as well as individual interviews with central and regional decision-makers and with field workers in Burkina's healthcare system, were used to carry out a multilevel study that included 805 children in 1998 and 1,360 children in 2003, aged 12-23 months, spread over 44 and 48 rural health districts respectively. In rural areas, complete vaccination coverage went from 25.9% in 1998 to 41.2% in 2003. District resources had no significant effect on coverage and the impact of education declined over time. The factors that continued to have the greatest impact on coverage rates were poverty, with its various dimensions, and the utilization of other healthcare services. However, these factors do not explain the persistent differences in complete vaccination between districts. In 2003, despite a trend toward district homogenization, differences between health districts still accounted for a 7.4% variance in complete vaccination. Complete vaccination coverage of children is improving in a context of worsening poverty. Education no longer represents an advantage in relation to vaccination. Continuity from prenatal care to institutional delivery creates a loyalty to healthcare services and is the most significant and stable explanatory factor associated with complete vaccination of

[Pertussis trend in children under one year of age in the Czech Republic in 1997-2013].

PubMed

Fabiánová, K; Šebestová, H; Beneš, Č; Zavadilová, J; Křížová, P; Kříž, B

2014-11-01

To characterize the epidemiological situation of pertussis in children under one year of age in the Czech Republic in 1997-2013. The study cohort consisted of children under one year of age with laboratory confirmed pertussis reported to the communicable disease system from 1997 to 2013. A total of 265 pertussis cases were reported in children under one year of age over the study period. Selected demographic data, need for hospitalization, and vaccination history were evaluated in the study cohort. Children under one year of age have shown a steady upward trend in reported cases of pertussis since the 1990s. The reported incidence of pertussis in this age group was the lowest in 1998 (1.1/100,000 population) and the highest in 2013 (31.3/100,000). In 1997-2013, 265 pertussis cases were reported in children under one year of age, 128 females and 137 males, to the communicable disease system in the Czech Republic. Most of these children, nearly 77%, developed pertussis within the first four months of life. Of the 265 children, 79% were not vaccinated before the onset of the disease and 21% were immunized with at least one dose of pertussis vaccine before developing the disease. As many as 75% of the children with pertussis needed hospitalization. Most of them, nearly 81%, were hospitalized with pertussis in the first four months of life and 90% of them in the first six months of life. In 1997-2013, an upward trend was observed in pertussis cases in children under one year of age. Most children developed the disease within the first four months of life while not vaccinated against pertussis. This fact unambiguously supports the "cocoon" strategy, i.e. vaccination of the closest contacts of the child, and a booster dose at 25 years of age. At the same time, a question arises whether to provide vaccination to pregnant women.

Comparative Study of the December 28, 2015 - January 2, 2016 and April 7 - 11, 1997 Sun-Earth Connection Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berdichevsky, D. B.; Richardson, I. G.; Farrugia, C. J.

2016-12-01

A Sun-Earth connection event started on December 28, 2015 in association with a M1.8 X-ray flare, commencing at 1120 UT detected by the GOES Environmental satellites, and a partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) observed from 1200 UT by the SOHO LASCO coronographs. SDO AIA observations indicate that this event was located at W11S22. The related interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) drove an above average strength fast-forward interplanetary shock observed by the Wind spacecraft at the start of Dec 31. This shock also appears to have accelerated solar energetic particles; ACE/EPAM observations show that these energetic particles peaked at shock passage. The shock driver, i.e. the ICME, appears to have impacted the Earth's environment near 17 UT on December 31. This ICME seems to have included several substructures and possibly extended to around midday on January 2, 2016. The impact of the ICME produced lively auroras at low Earth latitudes in the Western-North hemisphere. The associated strong magnetic storm was due to the leading part of the ICME maintaining a southward-oriented magnetic field for several hours. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast this event with the April 7-11, 1997 Sun-Earth connection event previously discussed by Berdichevsky et al. (1998) which included the passage of an ICME at Earth with a persistent northward, rather than southward, magnetic-field and produced an unusually long-lasting compression of the Earth's magnetosphere. Berdichevsky, D, J.-L. Bougeret, J.-P. Delaboudinière, N. Fox, M. Kaiser, R. Lepping, D. Michels, S. Plunkett, D. Reames, M. Reiner, I. Richardson, G. Rostoker, J. Steinberg, B. Thompson, and T. von Rosenvinge, Evidence for multiple ejecta: April 7-11, 1997, ISTP Sun-Earth connection event GRL, 25, 2473-6, 1998.

Design and Analysis of Salmonid Tagging Studies in the Columbia Basin, Volume XIII; Appraisal of System-Wide Survival Estimation of Snake River Yearling Chinook Salmon Released in 1997 and 1988, Using PIT-Tags Recovered from Caspian Tern and Double-Crested Cormorant Breeding Colonies on Rice Island, 1997-1998 Technical Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skalski, John R.; Perez-Comas, Jose A.

2000-05-01

PIT-tags recovered from tern and cormorant breeding colonies at Rice Island and observations from the interrogation systems at John Day and Bonneville Dams were incorporated into survival analyses. Whether the estimates for the upper reaches of the system, between Lower Granite and McNary Dams were as expected (with weighted averages S{sub LGR-LGS} = 0.996, S{sub LGS-LMN} = 0.837, and S{sub LMN-McN} = 0.941), those for the lower reaches, between John Day and Bonneville Dams, appeared positively biased with survival estimates typically greater than 1. Their weighted averages were S{sub McN-JDA} = 0.707 and S{sub JDA-BON} = 1.792 for 1997 releases.more » For the 1998 releases, they were S{sub McN-JDA} = 0.795 and S{sub JDA-BON} = 1.312. If the estimates for the lower reaches were biased, the estimates for the whole project would also be biased (S{sub LGR-BON} = 0.819). We determined that bias could have arisen if the terns and cormorants of Rice Island fished for salmon yearlings in waters of the BON-Rice reach at low rates (M{sub BON-Rice} {le} 0.2), and the rates of tag-deposition and tag-detection were low (R{sub D} x R{sub R} {le} 0.4). Moreover, unknown levels of uncensored post-detection mortality and scavenging of previously dead salmon yearlings may have also added to the bias.« less

Evaluation of Calendar Year 1997 Groundwater and Surface Water Quality Data For The Chestnut Ridge Hydrogeologic Regime At The U.S. Department of Energy Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, S.B.

1998-09-01

This report presents an evaluation of the groundwater monitoring data obtained in the Chestnut Ridge Hydrogeologic Regime (Chestnut Ridge Regime) during calendar year (CY) 1997. The Chestnut Ridge Regime encompasses a section of Chestnut Ridge bordered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Y-12 Plant in Bear Creek Valley (BCV) to the north, Scarboro Road to the eas~ Bethel Valley Road to the south, and an unnamed drainage basin southwest of the Y-12 Plant (Figure 1). Groundwater quality monitoring is performed at hazardous and nonhazardous waste management facilities in the regime under the auspices of the Y-12 Plant Groundwater Protectionmore » Program (GWPP). The CY 1997 monitoring data are presented in Calendar Year 1997 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report for the Chestnut Ridge Hydrogeolo~"c Regime at the US. Department of Energy Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (MA Technical Services, Inc. 1998), which also presents results of site-specific monitoring data evaluations required under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCIL4) post-closure permit (PCP) for the Chestnut Ridge Regime« less

The 1997–1998 El Niño as an unforgettable phenomenon in northern Peru: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

Bayer, Angela M.; Danysh, Heather E.; Garvich, Mijail; Gonzálvez, Guillermo; Checkley, William; Alvarez, María; Gilman, Robert H.

2014-01-01

During the 1997–98 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Tumbes, Peru received 16 times the annual average rainfall. We explored how Tumbes residents perceived the ENSO’s impact on basic necessities, transport, healthcare, jobs and migration. Forty-five individuals from five rural communities, including those that were isolated and not isolated from the rest of Tumbes during this ENSO, participated in five focus groups and six individuals constructed nutrition diaries. When asked about events in the past twenty years, participants considered the El Niño as a major negative event. Negative effects that were ameliorated quickly were decreased access to transport and healthcare and increased infectious diseases. Residents needed more time to rebuild housing, recover agriculture, livestock and income stability, and return to eating sufficient animal protein. Although large-scale assistance minimized the ENSO’s effects, residents needed more timely support. Residents’ perspectives on their risks to flooding should be considered to generate effective assistance. PMID:24601921

Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brindley, William J. (Compiler)

1998-01-01

This document contains papers from the 1997 Thermal Barrier Coatings Workshop, sponsored by the TBC Interagency Coordination Committee. The Workshop was held in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, May 19-21, 1997. The papers cover the topics of heat transfer and conductivity of thermal barrier coatings, failure mechanisms and characterization of the coatings as well as characterization of coating deposition methods. Speakers included research, development and user groups in academia, industry and government.

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : New Hampshire

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : Rhode Island

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : New York

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : South Carolina

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : South Dakota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : North Dakota

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : West Virginia

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : North Carolina

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the m...

Communicator, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bortolussi, Vicki, Ed.

1998-01-01

The CAG "Communicator" focuses on serving gifted students in California. This document consists of the four issues of "Communicator" issued during 1998. Featured articles include: (1) "Underachievement for Some--Dropping Out with Dignity for Others" (Sally Reis); (2) "When Gifted High School Students Fail"…

Adolescent Health Issues: State Actions 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kendell, Nicole

Many adolescents need basic health care and other services that address risky behaviors such as sexual activity, violence, alcohol and drug abuse, and the consequences of these behaviors. This publication summarizes laws and resolutions on adolescent health issues passed in 1997 state and territory legislative sessions. No 1997 legislative session…

Latitudinal distribution of mesozooplankton in the off-equatorial northeastern Pacific before and after the 1998/99 La Niña event.

PubMed

Kang, Jung-Hoon; Kim, Woong-Seo; Chang, Kyung-Il

2008-04-01

Factors affecting mesozooplankton distributions in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean were investigated using data obtained along a meridian line (5 degrees -12 degrees N, 131.5 degrees W) in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2003. The survey periods corresponded to a sharp transition between the 1997-1998 El Niño and 1998-1999 La Niña events, the 1999 La Niña event, and near-normal conditions after the moderate 2002-2003 El Niño in the equatorial Pacific. A strong upwelling in the divergence zone from 10.5 degrees to 11 degrees N caused a shoaling of the thermocline depth (approximately 30 m), resulting in increases in nitrate and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations, and, in turn, mesozooplankton abundance during the La Niña in 1999. In contrast, in 1998, remnants of El Niño characteristics, deeper thermocline depth (60-150 m) and warm surface water (>28 degrees C), led to low concentrations of nitrate, chl-a and low mesozooplankton abundance, except in the convergence zone around 7 degrees N. The thermocline depth and nitrate concentration obtained during the near-normal period in 2003 corresponded to intermediate values as compared to those obtained during El Niño and La Niña conditions. Interannual changes in the position and strength of ecotones, such as divergence and convergence zones, affected mesozooplankton community structure and cyclopoid-to-calanoid ratios along the 131.5 degrees W meridian line. The clustering pattern of the mesozooplankton community was mostly characterized by calanoid (mainly Clausocalanus sp.) and cyclopoid (mainly Oncaea sp.) copepods, accounting for most of the observed differences among groups during the study period. Cyclopoids and calanoids were more abundant in 1999 than in 1998 or 2003, with a sharp increase to the north, while they were less abundant to the north in 1998 and 2003. The cyclopoid-to-calanoid ratio peaked in the convergence zone in 1998 and the divergence zones in 1999 and 2003

Communicator, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bortolussi, Vicki, Ed.

1997-01-01

The CAG "Communicator" focus is on serving gifted students in California. This document consists of the four issues of "communicator" issued during 1997. Featured articles include: (1) "The Gifted Student At Risk. It Can't Be True" (Judy Roseberry); (2) "Tech Net-Technology and At-Risk Students" (Judy Lieb); (3) "Reviving Ophelia: Saving the…

Offspring, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hockey, Amy, Ed.; Mangigian, Lisa, Ed.; Crombez, Mary Margaret, Ed.

1997-01-01

The two issues of this magazine for parents, teachers, and others involved in cooperative nursery schools are designed to provide a forum for views on dealing with young children, express a variety of ideas, promote to cooperative philosophy, and to enhance the relationships of those involved in cooperative nursery schools. The Spring 1997 issue…

Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in the Marches region (Italy): 1997–2007

PubMed Central

D'Errico, Marcello M; Barbadoro, Pamela; Bacelli, Sonia; Esposto, Elisabetta; Moroni, Vania; Scaccia, Federica; Tantucci, Luana; Prospero, Emilia

2008-01-01

Background The last case of poliomyelitis due to transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus occurred in Italy in 1982, however, it is important to guarantee a high quality surveillance as there is a risk of importation of cases from areas where polio is endemic. Stopping poliovirus transmission is pursued through a combination of high infant immunization coverage and surveillance for wild poliovirus through reporting and laboratory testing of all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children under fifteen years of age. The aim of this study was to describe and to evaluate 11 years of active surveillance in the Marches (Italy) in terms of: incidence, aetiology and clinical manifestation of AFP cases. Methods The active Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance has been carried out in the Marches region since February 1997 by the Chair of Hygiene which established a regional hospital network. Active surveillance involves 15 hospital centres. Results In the considered period, 0–15 years population varied between 187,051 in 1997 to 201,625 in 2007, so the number of AFP expected cases is 2 per year. From February 1997 to October 2007, 27 cases were found with rates of 1.0/100,000 in 1997; 2.0/100,000 in 1998; 1.0/100,000 in 1999; 0.5/100,000 in 2000; 2.5/100,000 in 2001; 1.0/100,000 in 2002; 0 in 2003; 0.5/100,000 in 2004; 1.5/100,000 in 2005; 2.0/100,000 in 2006; 1.5/100,000 in 2007. In 29.6% of cases two stool samples were collected in 14 days from the symptoms onset. The 60-days follow-up is available for 23 out of 27 cases reported. In 44.5% of cases the definite diagnosis was Guillain Barrè syndrome. Conclusion In general, the surveillance activity is satisfactory even if in presence of some criticalities in biological samples collection. The continuation of surveillance, in addition to the maintenance of current levels of performance, will tend to a further and more detailed sensitization of all workers involved, in order to obtain spontaneous and prompt

New Zealand's tobacco control programme 1985-1998

PubMed Central

Laugesen, M.; Swinburn, B.

2000-01-01

OBJECTIVE—To review the impact of New Zealand's tobacco control programme from 1985 to 1998 on smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption, and to estimate the scope for further reduction.
DESIGN—Country case study; interventions, with outcomes ranked internationally across time.
SETTING—New Zealand 1985-98; for 1985-95, 23 OECD countries.
INTERVENTIONS—Between 1985 and 1998, New Zealand eliminated tobacco advertising, halved the affordability of cigarettes, and reduced smoke exposure in work time by 39%.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE—Reduction in adult smoking prevalence and in tobacco products consumption per adult.
RESULTS—Changes in prevalence 1985-98: in adults (aged 15+ years), −17% (from 30% to 25%) but short of the 20% target for 2000; in youth (aged 15-24 years), −20% (from 35% to 28%); and in Maori adults (aged 15+ years), −17% (from 56% in 1981 to 46% in 1996). Changes in consumption 1985-98: tobacco products per adult aged 15+ years, −45% (2493 to 1377 cigarette equivalents); cigarettes smoked per smoker, −34% (22.7 to 15.0 per day). Between 1985 and 1995 New Zealand reduced tobacco products consumption per adult more rapidly than any other OECD country, and reduced youth prevalence more rapidly than most. The acceleration of the decline in cigarette attributable mortality rates in men and in women age 35-69 years averted an additional 1400 deaths between 1985 and 1996. Between 1981 and 1996 smoking prevalence among blue collar workers decreased only marginally, and in 14-15 year olds, rose by one third between 1992 and 1997.
CONCLUSION—In 13 years, New Zealand's tobacco control programme has been successful in almost halving tobacco products consumption, particularly by lowering consumption per smoker. With strong political support for quit campaigns, increased taxation, and the elimination of displays of tobacco products on sale, the consumption could theoretically be halved again in as little as 3-6 years

Effects of seeding ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on vegetation recovery following fire in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barclay, Angela D.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Allen, Craig D.

2004-01-01

Forty-nine vegetation transects were measured in 1997 and 1998 to determine the impact of grass seeding after the 1996 Dome Fire, which burned almost 6900 ha of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) forest in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. High- and moderate-burned areas in Santa Fe National Forest were seeded with a mixture that included the exotic ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Adjacent burned areas of Bandelier National Monument were not seeded, and were used as a control in the post-seeding study. On the seeded plots, foliar cover of ryegrass declined from 1997 to 1998 due to self-inhibition and/or reduced precipitation from 1997 to 1998. Foliar cover and diversity of native forbs were greater in 1997 than 1998, probably due to a wet growing season in 1997. Cover, species richness, and diversity of native forbs were highest in non-seeded areas of moderate- and high-burn intensities. Regeneration and survivorship of conifer seedlings decreased as ryegrass cover increased, particularly in areas of high-burn intensity. Exotic plant cover, mostly horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.], increased from 1997 to 1998 in non-seeded areas of moderate- and high-burn intensity. Both the initial success of seeding and the eventual impacts on native vegetation were strongly modulated by climate variability.

ARC-1998-A98-0242-1

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-24

NASA Administrators Award for: 1. 'Turning Goals into Reality' presented to Center TRACON Automation System Team, Langley Research Center October 9, 1998 2. 'Turning Goals into Reality 1998 Goal Award for Excetptional Progress toward Next-Generation Design Tools and Experimental Aircraft acrylic

Biological assessment of the lower Boise River, October 1995 through January 1998, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mullins, William H.

1999-01-01

The lower Boise River, between Lucky Peak Dam and the mouth of the river near Parma, Idaho, is adversely affected by various land- and water-use activities. To assess the biotic integrity of the river and the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic community structure, and to provide a baseline from which to identify future changes in habitat conditions, biological data were collected from October 1995 through January 1998 and evaluated using protocols developed for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Aquatic biological communities were sampled according to the following schedule: epilithic periphyton were collected in October 1995, October 1996, and August 1997; benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in October 1995, 1996, and 1997; and fish were collected in December 1996 and August 1997. Qualitative measurements of instream and riparian habitat indicated an overall decrease in instream habitat quality in a downstream direction. Embeddedness was high at all sites but was lower at the Eckert Road site than at the downstream sites near Middleton and Parma. Silt/sand substrate increased from 17 percent at the Eckert Road site to 49 percent near the mouth of the river. The Eckert Road site had a mix of geomorphic channel units (pool/riffle/run), whereas the Middleton and Parma sites were dominated by runs with very little pool or riffle habitat. Epilithic periphyton chlorophyll-a and ashfree dry weight values tended to increase downstream to the Middleton site and decrease from Middleton to the downstream sites near Caldwell and near Parma. Benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) scores for macroinvertebrates collected in 1995, 1996, and 1997 were highest at the Eckert Road site and decreased at sites downstream. IBI scores for fish collected in 1996 were similar at the Glenwood Bridge and Middleton sites (17 and 16, respectively) and were indicative of a low to moderate level of disturbance. In contrast, the IBI score

Tempo, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cannon, Michael, Ed.

1998-01-01

The four issues of this 1998 publication on gifted and talented students address the themes of: (1) acceleration and grouping, (2) professional development, (3) core content areas, and (4) giftedness: a Texas tradition. Major articles are: "Cooperative Learning, Curriculum Access, and the Challenge of Acceleration" (Ann Robinson);…

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and the financial health of teaching hospitals.

PubMed

Phillips, Robert L; Fryer, George E; Chen, Frederick M; Morgan, Sarah E; Green, Larry A; Valente, Ernest; Miyoshi, Thomas J

2004-01-01

We wanted to evaluate the most recent, complete data related to the specific effects of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 relative to the overall financial health of teaching hospitals. We also define cost report variables and calculations necessary for continued impact monitoring. We undertook a descriptive analysis of hospital cost report variables for 1996, 1998, and 1999, using simple calculations of total, Medicare, prospective payment system, graduate medical education (GME), and bad debt margins, as well as the proportion with negative total operating margins. Nearly 35% of teaching hospitals had negative operating margins in 1999. Teaching hospital total margins fell by nearly 50% between 1996 and 1999, while Medicare margins remained relatively stable. GME margins have fallen by nearly 24%, however, even as reported education costs have risen by nearly 12%. Medicare + Choice GME payments were less than 10% of those projected. Teaching hospitals realized deep cuts in profitability between 1996 and 1999; however, these cuts were not entirely attributable to the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Medicare payments remain an important financial cushion for teaching hospitals, more than one third of which operated in the red. The role of Medicare in supporting GME has been substantially reduced and needs special attention in the overall debate. Medicare + Choice support of the medical education enterprise is 90% less than baseline projections and should be thoroughly investigated. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, which has a critical role in evaluating the effects of Medicare policy changes, should be more transparent in its methods.

Alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-08-01

This report presents estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes that occurred during 1997. Several comparisons of alcohol involvement for the period 1982-1997 are presented to illustrate changes and trends. The data are abstracted from...

Validation of a Ground-Water Flow Model of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Using Water-Level and Water-Use Data for 1998-2005 and Evaluation of Water-Use Scenarios

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gillip, Jonathan A.; Czarnecki, John B.

2009-01-01

A ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, developed in 2003 to simulate the period of 1918-98, was validated with the addition of water-level and water-use data that extended the observation period to 2005. The original model (2003) was calibrated using water-level observations from 1972, 1982, 1992, and 1998, and water-use data through 1997. The original model subsequently was used to simulate water levels from 1999 to 2049 and showed that simulation of continued pumping at the 1997 water-use rate could not be sustained indefinitely without causing dry cells in the model. After publication of the original ground-water flow model, a total of 3,616 water-level observations from 698 locations measured during the period of 1998 to 2005 became available. Additionally, water-use data were compiled and used for the same period, totaling 290,005 discrete water-use values from 43,440 wells with as many as 39,169 wells pumping in any one year. Total pumping (which is primarily agricultural) for this 8-year period was about 2.3 trillion cubic feet of water and was distributed over approximately 10,340 square miles within the model area. An updated version of the original ground-water flow model was used to simulate the period of 1998-2005 with the additional water-level and water-use data. Water-level observations for 1998-2005 ranged from 74 to 293 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 across the model area. The maximum water-level residual (observed minus simulated water-level values) for the 3,616 water-level observations was 52 feet, the minimum water-level residual was 60 feet, the average annual root mean squared error was 8.2 feet, and the annual average absolute residual was 6.0 feet. A correlation coefficient value of 0.96 was calculated for the line of best fit for observed to simulated water levels for the combined 1998-2005 dataset, indicating a good fit to the data and an acceptable validation

Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey.

PubMed

Gregg, Edward W; Cheng, Yiling J; Saydah, Sharon; Cowie, Catherine; Garfield, Sanford; Geiss, Linda; Barker, Lawrence

2012-06-01

To determine whether all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates declined between 1997 and 2006, a period of continued advances in treatment approaches and risk factor control, among U.S. adults with and without diabetes. We compared 3-year death rates of four consecutive nationally representative samples (1997-1998, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004) of U.S. adults aged 18 years and older using data from the National Health Interview Surveys linked to National Death Index. Among diabetic adults, the CVD death rate declined by 40% (95% CI 23-54) and all-cause mortality declined by 23% (10-35) between the earliest and latest samples. There was no difference in the rates of decline in mortality between diabetic men and women. The excess CVD mortality rate associated with diabetes (i.e., compared with nondiabetic adults) decreased by 60% (from 5.8 to 2.3 CVD deaths per 1,000) while the excess all-cause mortality rate declined by 44% (from 10.8 to 6.1 deaths per 1,000). Death rates among both U.S. men and women with diabetes declined substantially between 1997 and 2006, reducing the absolute difference between adults with and without diabetes. These encouraging findings, however, suggest that diabetes prevalence is likely to rise in the future if diabetes incidence is not curtailed.

Status of the District of Columbia Public Schools Readiness for the 1998-1999 School Year. Hearing before the Subcommittee on the District of Columbia of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight.

A Congressional hearing was held to discuss the readiness of the District of Columbia public schools for the 1998-99 school year. In the 1997-98 school year, the District's public schools had not been able to open on time because of repair work that was not completed. After opening remarks by Congress members Thomas M. Davis and Constance Morella,…

Health promotion practices of restaurants and cafés in Australia: changes from 1997 to 2000 using an annual telemarketing intervention.

PubMed

Licata, Milly; Gillham, Karen; Campbell, Elizabeth

2002-09-01

This study looked at whether rates of health promotion practices among restaurants and cafés in the Hunter Region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, increased between 1997 and 2000. During the project period all restaurants and cafés in the region were offered an annual direct marketing telephone interview (1997, 1998 and 1999), during which resources were offered to assist in the adoption of health promotion practices. Owners or managers of restaurants and cafés completed phone interviews that assessed 18 health promotion practices relating to: environmental tobacco smoke (two practices); responsible service of alcohol (five practices); healthy food choices (one practice); food safety (four practices); occupational health and safety (three practices); and the prevention of infectious diseases (three practices). Changes in practices were examined by comparing data from cross-sectional samples in 1997 (before any offers of resources) and 2000 (after up to three annual telemarketing calls), and among a cohort interviewed in both 1997 and 2000. Ninety-one per cent of restaurants and cafés (321) participated in the 1997 survey and 239 (81%) participated in the 2000 survey. A cohort of 122 restaurants and cafés participated in both surveys. Significant increases were present for 14 of the 18 health promotion initiatives in the cross-sectional sample and for 10 of the 18 health promotion initiatives in the cohort. For both cross-sectional and cohort samples, a change in at least one practice in each area was evident, with the exception of nutrition. The proportion of restaurants and cafés in the project region that undertake health promotion initiatives is increasing. A telephone-based intervention may contribute to such an increase. The suggestion that the prevalence of health promotion initiatives in restaurants and cafés can be increased highlights the potential for health promotion to be more actively involved in this setting.

Traffic safety facts 1998 : older population

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

There are nearly 25 million people age 70 years and older in the United : States. In 1998, this age group made up 9 percent of the total U.S. : resident population, compared with 8 percent in 1988. From 1988 to : 1998, this older segment of the popul...

The Indigenous World, 1997-98 = El Mundo Indigena, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erni, Christian, Ed.

This annual publication (published separately in English and Spanish) examines political, legal, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world during 1997-98. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries in nine world regions. In the Arctic and North America, these…

Climate Assessment for 1997.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, Gerald D.; Halpert, Michael S.

1998-05-01

The global climate during 1997 was affected by both extremes of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with weak Pacific cold episode conditions prevailing during January and February, and one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the historical record prevailing during the remainder of the year. This warm episode contributed to major regional rainfall and temperature anomalies over large portions of the Tropics and extratropics, which were generally consistent with those observed during past warm episodes. In many regions, these anomalies were opposite to those observed during 1996 and early 1997 in association with Pacific cold episode conditions.Some of the most dramatic El Niño impacts during 1997 were observed in the Tropics, where anomalous convection was evident across the entire Pacific and throughout most major monsoon regions of the world. Tropical regions most affected by excessive El Niño-related rainfall during the year included 1) the eastern half of the tropical Pacific, where extremely heavy rainfall and strong convective activity covered the region from April through December; 2) equatorial eastern Africa, where excessive rainfall during OctoberDecember led to widespread flooding and massive property damage; 3) Chile, where a highly amplified and extended South Pacific jet stream brought increased storminess and above-normal rainfall during the winter and spring; 4) southeastern South America, where these same storms produced above-normal rainfall during JuneDecember; and 5) Ecuador and northern Peru, which began receiving excessive rainfall totals in November and December as deep tropical convection spread eastward across the extreme eastern Pacific.In contrast, El Niño-related rainfall deficits during 1997 included 1) Indonesia, where significantly below-normal rainfall from June through December resulted in extreme drought and contributed to uncontrolled wildfires; 2) New Guinea, where drought contributed to large-scale food

Field-Scale Evaluation of Monitored Natural Attenuation for Dissolved Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

biological in-situ treatment, an air sparging pilot study, and a phytoremediation study. The innovative technology studies were conducted within the source... phytoremediation (June to September 1997), reductive anaerobic biological in-situ treatment technology (RABITT; 1998), and groundwater recirculation wells...u g / L ) Measured Concentrations in 1381MWS09 Air Sparge Pilot Test (1996/1997) Phytoremediation Pilot Test (1997) RABITT Pilot Test (1998

Charged Coupled Device Debris Telescope Observations of the Geosynchronous Orbital Debris Environment - Observing Year: 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jarvis, K. S.; Thumm, T. L.; Matney, M. J.; Jorgensen, K.; Stansbery, E. G.; Africano, J. L.; Sydney, P. F.; Mulrooney, M. K.

2002-01-01

NASA has been using the charged coupled device (CCD) debris telescope (CDT)--a transportable 32-cm Schmidt telescope located near Cloudcroft, New Mexico-to help characterize the debris environment in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). The CDT is equipped with a SITe 512 x 512 CCD camera whose 24 m2 (12.5 arc sec) pixels produce a 1.7 x 1.7-deg field of view. The CDT system can therefore detect l7th-magnitude objects in a 20-sec integration corresponding to an approx. 0.6-m diameter, 0.20 albedo object at 36,000 km. The telescope pointing and CCD operation are computer controlled to collect data automatically for an entire night. The CDT has collected more than 1500 hrs of data since November 1997. This report describes the collection and analysis of 58 nights (approx. 420 hrs) of data acquired in 1998.

Offspring, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crombez, Mary Margaret, Ed.; Mangigian, Lisa, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the two 1998 issues of a magazine for parents, teachers, and others involved in cooperative nursery schools. The magazine is designed to provide a forum for views on dealing with young children, express a variety of ideas, promote the cooperative philosophy, and to enhance the relationships of those involved in…

Annual Bibliography, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Jo B., Comp.

1999-01-01

Classified, selected bibliography for Appalachian studies contains approximately 500 entries, published 1997-98, including books, journal articles, government documents, and dissertations. Topics include agriculture, arts and crafts, Civil War, industry and labor, economic conditions and development, education, environment, ethnicity/race,…

Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Presley, Todd K.

2005-01-01

Lower than average rainfall during late 1997 and early 1998 in Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, caused a drought and severe drinking-water shortage. Majuro depends on a public rainfall catchment system, which uses an airport runway and storage reservoirs. The storage reservoirs can supply water for about 30 to 50 days without replenishment. In February 1998, after a few months with less than one inch of rainfall per month, a drought-related disaster was declared. Reverse-osmosis water-purification systems were brought to Majuro to help alleviate the water shortage. Concurrent with the water-purification program, ground water from a freshwater lens in the Laura area of the atoll was pumped at increased rates. Of the total consumed water during this period, ground water from Laura supplied between 90 percent (March 1998) and 64 percent (May 1998) of the drinking water. Due to public concern, a study was initiated to determine the effects of the drought on the freshwater lens. The areal extent of the freshwater lens is about 350 acres. A monitoring-well network, consisting of multiple wells driven to varying depths at 11 sites, was installed to determine the thickness of the freshwater lens. Similar locations relative to an earlier study were chosen so that the data from this study could be compared to 1984-85 data. At the end of the drought in June 1998, the freshwater near the middle of the lens was about 45 feet thick; and at the north and south ends, the freshwater was about 25 to 38 feet thick, respectively. Monitoring of the freshwater lens was continued through the wet season following the drought. The lens increased in thickness by 1 to 8 feet after 7 months of rainfall. Greater increases in lens thickness were measured on the lagoon side than on the ocean side of the freshwater lens. Lens thickness during August 1998, and seasonal variation of lens thickness in 1998, were compared to data collected in 1984-85. Comparison of lens thickness from

1997 Spacecraft Contamination and Coatings Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Philip T. (Compiler); Benner, Steve M. (Compiler)

1997-01-01

This volume contains the presentation charts of talks given at the "1997 Spacecraft Contamination and Coatings Workshop," held July 9-10, 1997, in Annapolis, Maryland. The workshop was attended by representatives from NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Defense, industry, and universities concerned with the the spacecraft contamination engineering and thermal control coatings. The workshop provided a forum for exchanging new developments in spacecraft contamination and coatings.

The impact of the 1997-98 East Asian economic crisis on health and health care in Indonesia.

PubMed

Waters, Hugh; Saadah, Fadia; Pradhan, Menno

2003-06-01

This article identifies the effects of the 1997-98 East Asian economic crisis on health care use and health status in Indonesia. The article places the findings in the context of a framework showing the complex cause and effect relationships underlying the effects of economic downturns on health and health care. The results are based on primary analysis of Indonesian household survey data and review of a wide range of sources from the Indonesian government and international organizations. Comparisons are drawn with the effects of the crisis in Thailand. The devaluation of the Indonesian currency, the Rupiah, led to inflation and reduced real public expenditures on health. Households' expenditures on health also decreased, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of overall spending. Self-reported morbidity increased sharply from 1997 to 1998 in both rural and urban areas of Indonesia. The crisis led to a substantial reduction in health service utilization during the same time period, as the proportion of household survey respondents reporting an illness or injury that sought care from a modern health care provider declined by 25%. In contrast to Indonesia, health care utilization in Thailand actually increased during the crisis, corresponding to expansion in health insurance coverage. The results suggest that social protection programmes play a critical role in protecting populations against the adverse effects of economic downturns on health and health care.

TASH Newsletter, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TASH Newsletter, 1997

1997-01-01

Ten issues of the 1997 newsletter of TASH comprise this document. An issue typically contains news items, a column by the organization's executive director, reports from special interest groups, legislative testimony, conference information, and several major articles, such as the following: "Multicultural Perspectives: Excerpts from Opening…

READ Perspectives 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Rosalie Pedalino, Ed.; Thomsen, Kerri Lynne, Ed.; Kimbrell, William, W., Ed.

1997-01-01

This document comprises the two 1997 issues of the journal. Articles include the following: "The Importance of Learning English: A National Survey of Hispanic Parents" (Michael La Velle); "The Languages of Immigrants" (Charles L. Glenn); "Follow-Up Study on the Bethlehem, PA School District's English Acquisition…

National Directory of Hispanic Organizations, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congressional Hispanic Caucus Inst., Washington, DC.

This directory lists Hispanic organizations in the United States. Each listed organization serves and represents local Latino communities. Over the years, however, the directory has come to include more than organizational listings. Recent editions have included census data that provide a demographic profile of the national Latino community and a…

Colorado Even Start. 1997-1998 Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Beckie

Even Start programs integrate early childhood education, adult literacy or basic education, parenting education and support, and parent and child time together to help break the cycle of poverty and illiteracy. This report describes the Even Start program in Colorado, including evaluation questions and methods. The report also presents evaluation…

Head Start of North Dakota, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota Dept. of Human Services, Bismark. Div. of Children and Family Services.

The Head Start program, a comprehensive child development program designed to increase the social competence of children in low-income families and children with disabilities and to improve their chances of school success, has been in North Dakota since 1965. This report describes the objectives of the Head Start program, the North Dakota Head…

Alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

This report presents estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes that occurred during 1998. Several comparisons of alcohol involvement for the period 1982-1998 are presented to illustrate changes and trends. The data are abstracted from...

Dim prospects for earthquake prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geller, Robert J.

I was misquoted by C. Lomnitz's [1998] Forum letter (Eos, August 4, 1998, p. 373), which said: [I wonder whether Sasha Gusev [1998] actually believes that branding earthquake prediction a ‘proven nonscience’ [Geller, 1997a] is a paradigm for others to copy.”Readers are invited to verify for themselves that neither “proven nonscience” norv any similar phrase was used by Geller [1997a].

Certificated Personnel and Related Information, Fall 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wamboldt, Martina

Information on Colorado's certificated school personnel and related information was gathered from the state's public school districts and Boards of Cooperative Services during fall 1997. This information shows that the fall 1997 average salary for Colorado's 37,840.9 full-time-equivalent (FTE) public school teachers was $37,240, which represented…

Identification of water ice on the Centaur 1997 CU26.

PubMed

Brown, R H; Cruikshank, D P; Pendleton, Y; Veeder, G J

1998-05-29

Spectra of the Centaur 1997 CU26 were obtained at the Keck Observatory on 27 October 1997 (universal time). The data show strong absorptions at 1.52 and 2.03 micrometers attributable to water ice on the surface of 1997 CU26. The reflectance spectrum of 1997 CU26 is matched by the spectrum of a mixture of low-temperature, particulate water ice and spectrally featureless but otherwise red-colored material. Water ice dominates the spectrum of 1997 CU26, whereas methane or methane-like hydrocarbons apparently dominate the spectrum of the Kuiper belt object 1993 SC, perhaps indicating different origins, thermal histories, or both for these two objects.

The Indigenous World, 1998-99 = El Mundo Indigena, 1998-99.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erni, Christian, Ed.

This annual publication examines political, legal, social, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world in 1998-99. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries. In North America, these include court decisions on the legal status of Alaska Native tribal governments, indigenous subsistence…

CDF Reports, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clevenger, Sydney Stephenson, Ed.

1997-01-01

These 13 issues of the Children's Defense Fund Report from 1997 discuss concerns related to child advocacy and provide information on problems in children's lives in the United States. Regular features include the editorial column "A Voice for Children," a status report on federal legislation related to children, descriptions of…

Nutrients and organic compounds in Deer Creek and south branch Plum Creek in southwestern Pennsylvania, April 1996 through September 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, D.R.; Clark, M.E.

2001-01-01

This report presents results of an analysis of nutrient and pesticide data from two surface-water sites and volatile organic compound (VOC) data from one of the sites that are within the Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Deer Creek site was located in a 27.0 square-mile basin within the Allegheny River Basin in Allegheny County. The primary land uses consist of small urban areas, large areas of residential housing, and some agricultural land in the upper part of the basin. The South Branch Plum Creek site was located in a 33.3 square-mile basin within the Allegheny River Basin in Indiana County. The primary land uses throughout this basin are mostly agriculture and forestland.Water samples for analysis of nutrients were collected monthly and during high-flow events from April 1996 through September 1998. Concentrations of dissolved nitrite, dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and dissolved phosphorus were less than the method detection limits in more than one-half of the samples collected. The median concentration of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate in South Branch Plum Creek was 0.937 mg/L and 0.597 mg/L in Deer Creek. The median concentration of dissolved orthophosphate was 0.01 mg/L in both streams. High loads of nitrate were measured in both streams from March to June. Concentrations of dissolved ammonia nitrogen, dissolved nitrate, and total phosphorus were lower during the summer months. Measured concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in both streams were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L.Water samples for analysis of pesticides were collected throughout 1997 in both streams and during a storm event on August 25-26, 1998, in Deer Creek. Samples were collected monthly at both sites and more frequently during the spring and early summer months to coincide with application of pesticides. Seventy

1997 economic census : transportation : 1997 commodity flow survey : United States : hazardous materials

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce,and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the mo...

First Teacher, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durkin, Lisa Lyons, Ed.

1997-01-01

These six theme-oriented newsletter issues present specific curriculum planning ideas and activities for teachers of young children. The theme of the January-February 1997 issue is "The Arts of Winter." Topics in this issue include celebrating with music and movement, learning songs, classroom visitors and the arts, art in picture books,…

Drug and alcohol testing results : 1997 annual report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 1997 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit drug and alcohol testing reported by transit systems in the United States during 1997. The report covers testing results for the following drug type...

Assessment of selected water-quality data collected in the lower Red River (main stem) basin, Texas, 1997-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

Baldys, Stanley; Hamilton, Danna K.

2003-01-01

The Texas part of the Red River Basin has been divided into five reaches or subbasins (fig. 1) to facilitate improved planning, monitoring, geographical analysis, and dissemination of information. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Red River Authority of Texas, is studying the five subbasins, each for a period of about 1 year. Baldys and Phillips (1998) discuss various components and the associated scope of study of each of the five reaches. Data from the first reach studied—reach 2, the Wichita River Basin—were presented in a fact sheet by Baldys and Phillips (2000). This fact sheet presents an assessment of data collected at 11 sites during 1997–98 for reach 1—the lower Red River (main stem) Basin from the confluence of Cache Creek downstream to the Texas-Arkansas State Line (fig. 1).

Breeding phenology and reproductive success of the Brandt's Cormorant at three nearshore colonies in central California, 1997-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jones, Nathan M.; McChesney, Gerard; Parker, Michael W.; Yee, Julie L.; Carter, Harry R.; Golightly, Richard T.

2008-01-01

Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) breeding effort, phenology and success were studied in 1997-2001 at three colonies spanning approximately 200 km of the central California coast: Point Reyes (PR); Devil's Slide Rock and Mainland (DS); and Castle-Hurricane Colony Complex (CH). Breeding effort was reduced at all three colonies in the 1998 El Niño event. Mean clutch initiation dates differed significantly among colonies, with cormorants at the southernmost colony (CH) laying earliest, and those at the northernmost colony (PR) laying latest. Productivity at individual colonies varied greatly among years (range 0.7-2.5 fledglings per pair). Overall colony means were lowest (1.6 fledglings/pair) during the 1998 El Niño event and highest (2.5 fledglings/pair) in the 1999 La Niña event. Productivity at CH (1.7 fledglings/pair) was significantly lower than at PR (2.2 fledglings/pair), and interannual variation was greatest at CH. Late-nesting birds laid fewer eggs, hatched fewer chicks, and fledged fewer chicks per pair than early-nesters. The rapid rate of growth at some nearshore colonies in central California suggests immigration from elsewhere, most likely the large offshore colony at the South Farallon Islands. Variation in timing of breeding and reproductive success among colonies demonstrates a value in maintaining multiple study locations when assessing Brandt's Cormorant population parameters in the California Current System.

Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997-2001.

PubMed

Gupta, Amita; Nelson, Jennifer M; Barrett, Timothy J; Tauxe, Robert V; Rossiter, Shannon P; Friedman, Cindy R; Joyce, Kevin W; Smith, Kirk E; Jones, Timothy F; Hawkins, Marguerite A; Shiferaw, Belershacew; Beebe, James L; Vugia, Duc J; Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry; Benson, James A; Root, Timothy P; Angulo, Frederick J

2004-06-01

We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997.

First-year growth, condition, and size-selective winter mortality of freshwater drum in the lower Missouri River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Braaten, P.J.; Guy, C.S.

2004-01-01

We compared first-year growth and relative condition (Kn) of the 1997 and 1998 year-classes of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens among three sites in a 235-km reach of the channelized Missouri River and tested for the occurrence of size-selective overwinter mortality during the first winter. Prewinter mean length was 15 mm greater, mean weight was 8 g greater, and mean Kn was 5% greater at the upstream site than at the downstream site. The prewinter mean length of age-0 freshwater drum was significantly greater in 1997 (115 mm) than in 1998 (109 mm), but Kn was significantly greater in 1998 (107) than in 1997 (102). There was no evidence that density-dependent interactions influenced prewinter growth and Kn. Size-selective overwinter mortality of the smallest size-classes of freshwater drum occurred at two of three sites during the 1997-1998 winter, and K n decreased 9-15%. Size-selective overwinter mortality of the 1998 cohort of freshwater drum did not occur during the 1998-1999 winter, and K n declined 0-10%. A prolonged growing season (through early December 1998), in conjunction with less severe winter water temperature conditions, apparently minimized the incidence of size-selective overwinter mortality for the 1998 cohort of freshwater drum. We conclude that size-selective overwinter mortality of age-0 freshwater drum occurs in the lower channelized Missouri River but depends on the length of the prewinter growing season, winter duration, and the severity of winter water temperatures.

Director's Discretionary Fund Report for Fiscal Year 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

This technical memorandum contains brief technical papers describing research and technology development programs sponsored by the Ames Research Center Director's Discretionary Fund during fiscal year 1997 (October 1996 through September 1997). Appendices provide administrative information for each of the sponsored research programs.

Return to General Education and Vocational Education & Training in Indian Context: Policy Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmed, Tutan; Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra

2016-01-01

Purpose: Measurement of returns to vocational education has always remained a matter of controversy (Psacharopoulos, 1994; Bennell and Segerstrom, 1998; Ziderman, 1997). Based upon the return evidence many World Bank projects were scrapped (Middleton and Ziderman, 1997, Bennell and Segerstrom, 1998). However, there is again a growing interest for…

State-Based Curriculum Work and Curriculum-Making: Norway's "Laereplanverket 1997"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sivesind, Kirsten; Westbury, Ian

2016-01-01

This case study of the development of the Norwegian compulsory school curriculum of 1997, "Laereplanverket 1997," parallels a study of the development of the "Illinois Learning Standards" of 1997. The pair of case studies is designed to explore the administration of state-based curriculum-making and, in particular, the use in…

Georgia's forests, 1997

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson; Larry W. Thompson

2002-01-01

Since 1989, area of timberland in Georgia increased by less than 1 percent and in 1997 totaled 23.8 million acres. Nonindustrial private forest owners controlled 72 percent of the State's timberland. Volume of softwood growing stock declined 3 percent, whereas hardwood growing-stock volume increased 7 percent to 16.5 billion cubic feet. Net annual growth for...

Abortion surveillance--United States, 1997.

PubMed

Koonin, L M; Strauss, L T; Chrisman, C E; Parker, W Y

2000-12-08

In 1969, CDC began abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions, to monitor unintended pregnancy, and to assist efforts to identify and reduce preventable causes of morbidity and mortality associated with abortions. This report summarizes and reviews information reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 1997. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by state where the abortion occurred. The data are received from 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1997, a total of 1,186,039 legal abortions were reported to CDC, representing a 3% decrease from the number reported for 1996. The abortion ratio was 306 legal induced abortions per 1,000 live births, and since 1995, the abortion rate has remained at 20 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years. The availability of information about characteristics of women who obtained an abortion in 1997 varied by state and by the number of states reporting each characteristic. The total number of legal induced abortions by state is reported by state of residence and state of occurrence; characteristics of women obtaining abortions in 1997 are reported by state of occurrence. Women who were undergoing an abortion were more likely to be young (i.e., aged < 25 years), white, and unmarried; approximately one half were obtaining an abortion for the first time. More than one half of all abortions for which gestational age was reported (55%) were performed at < or = 8 weeks of gestation, and 88% were performed before 13 weeks. Overall, 18% of abortions were performed at the earliest weeks of gestation (< or = 6 weeks), 18% at 7 weeks of gestation, and 20% at 8 weeks of gestation. From 1992 through 1997, increases have occurred in the percentage of abortions performed at the very early weeks of gestation. Few abortions were provided after 15 weeks of gestation--4% of

AusEinetter, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AusEinetter, 1998

1998-01-01

This publication contains the 1998 issues of the Australian Early Intervention Network for Mental Health in Young People newsletters for health professionals. The newsletters disseminate information about the national and local initiatives for intervention and prevention of mental health problems in young children and youth. Each issue also offers…

Securing Tyrants or Fostering Reform? U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

los Derechos Humanos , “Informe de Labores, Junio 1997–Mayo 1998,” San Salvador, 1998, pp. 230–238. Also see Call, “Democratisation, War and State...countries in the region: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, and Panama. Based on 57 Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos , pp. 230–238...www.state.gov/p/sa/rls/rm/26277.htm. Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos , “Informe de Labores, Junio 1997–Mayo 1998,” San Salvador, 1998

Surveillance for traumatic brain injury-related deaths--United States, 1997-2007.

PubMed

Coronado, Victor G; Xu, Likang; Basavaraju, Sridhar V; McGuire, Lisa C; Wald, Marlena M; Faul, Mark D; Guzman, Bernardo R; Hemphill, John D

2011-05-06

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Approximately 53,000 persons die from TBI-related injuries annually. During 1989-1998, TBI-related death rates decreased 11.4%, from 21.9 to 19.4 per 100,000 population. This report describes the epidemiology and annual rates of TBI-related deaths during 1997-2007. January 1, 1997-December 31, 2007. Data were analyzed from the CDC multiple-cause-of-death public-use data files, which contain death certificate data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. During 1997-2007, an annual average of 53,014 deaths (18.4 per 100,000 population; range: 17.8-19.3) among U.S. residents were associated with TBIs. During this period, death rates decreased 8.2%, from 19.3 to 17.8 per 100,000 population (p = 0.001). TBI-related death rates decreased significantly among persons aged 0-44 years and increased significantly among those aged ≥75 years. The rate of TBI deaths was three times higher among males (28.8 per 100,000 population) than among females (9.1). Among males, rates were highest among non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives (41.3 per 100,000 population) and lowest among Hispanics (22.7). Firearm- (34.8%), motor-vehicle- (31.4%), and fall-related TBIs (16.7%) were the leading causes of TBI-related death. Firearm-related death rates were highest among persons aged 15-34 years (8.5 per 100,000 population) and ≥75 years (10.5). Motor vehicle-related death rates were highest among those aged 15-24 years (11.9 per 100,000 population). Fall-related death rates were highest among adults aged ≥75 years (29.8 per 100,000 population). Overall, the rates for all causes except falls decreased. Although the overall rate of TBI-related deaths decreased during 1997-2007, TBI remains a public health problem; approximately 580,000 persons died with TBI-related diagnoses during this reporting period in the United States. Rates of TBI-related deaths were higher among young and

PR Bibliography, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramsey, Shirley, Ed.

1998-01-01

Encompassing both the practical and the scholarly, this annotated bibliography on public relations aims to provide a window into some of each of the offerings in academic and business journals, as well as in trade and professional journals published in 1997. The introduction notes that many entries in the bibliography deal with the Internet, the…

Notes on Literacy, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notes on Literacy, 1997

1997-01-01

The 1997 volume of "Notes on Literacy," numbers 1-4, includes the following articles: "Community Based Literacy, Burkina Faso"; "The Acquisition of a Second Writing System"; "Appropriate Methodology and Social Context"; "Literacy Megacourse Offered"; "Fitting in with Local Assumptions about…

Indiana crash facts 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Indiana Crash Facts 1997...is the fifth annual publication : of Indiana Crash Facts. This year significant changes have been made : to the book, including the consolidation of the Alcohol Crash Facts and : the Crash Facts book into one publication. A...

Forest statistics for North Central Georgia, 1998

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson

1998-01-01

This report highlights the principal findings of the seventh forest survey of North Central Georgia. Field work began in June 1997 and was completed in November 1997. Six previous surveys, completed in 1936, 1953, 196 1, 1972, 1983, and 1989 provide statistics for measuring changes and trends over the past 6 1 years. This report primarily emphasizes the changes and...

Psychiatric in-patient care and suicide in England, 1997 to 2008: a longitudinal study.

PubMed

Kapur, N; Hunt, I M; Windfuhr, K; Rodway, C; Webb, R; Rahman, M S; Shaw, J; Appleby, L

2013-01-01

Psychiatric in-patients are at high risk of suicide. Recent reductions in bed numbers in many countries may have affected this risk but few studies have specifically investigated temporal trends. We aimed to explore trends in psychiatric in-patient suicide over time. A prospective study of all patients admitted to National Health Service (NHS) in-patient psychiatric care in England (1997-2008). Suicide rates were determined using National Confidential Inquiry and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Over the study period there were 1942 psychiatric in-patient suicides. Between the first 2 years of the study (1997, 1998) and the last 2 years (2007, 2008) the rate of in-patient suicide fell by nearly one-third from 2.45 to 1.68 per 100,000 bed days. This fall in rate was observed for males and females, across ethnicities and diagnoses. It was most marked for patients aged 15-44 years. Rates also fell for the most common suicide methods, particularly suicide by hanging on the ward (a 59% reduction). Although the number of post-discharge suicides fell, the rate of post-discharge suicide may have increased by 19%. The number of suicide deaths in those under the care of crisis resolution/home treatment teams has increased in recent years to approximately 160 annually. The rate of suicide among psychiatric in-patients in England has fallen considerably. Possible explanations include falling general population rates, changes in the at-risk population or improved in-patient safety. However, a transfer of risk to the period after discharge or other clinical settings such as crisis resolution teams cannot be ruled out.

Seasonal Forecasting of Fires across Southern Borneo, 1997-2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spessa, Allan; Field, Robert; Kaiser, Johannes; Langner, Andreas; Moore, Jonathan; Pappenberger, Florian; Siegert, Florian; Weber, Ulrich

2014-05-01

Wildfire is a fundamental Earth System process, affecting almost all biogeochemical cycles, and all vegetated biomes. Fires are naturally rare in humid tropical forests, and tropical trees are generally killed by even low-intensity fires. However, fire activity in the tropics has increased markedly over the past 15-20 years, especially in Indonesia, Amazonia, and more recently, central Africa also. Since fire is the prime tool for clearing land in the tropics, it not surprising that the increase in fire activity is strongly associated with increased levels of deforestation, which is driven mainly by world-wide demand for timber and agricultural commodities. The consequences of deforestation fires for biodiversity conservation and emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols are enormous. For example, carbon emissions from tropical biomass burning are around 20% of annual average global fossil fuel emissions. The destructive fires in Indonesia during the exceptionally strong El Niño-induced drought in late 1997 and early 1998 rank as some of the largest peak emissions events in recorded history. Past studies estimate about 1Gt of carbon was released to the atmosphere from the Indonesian fires in 1997 (which were mostly concentrated in carbon-rich forested peatlands). This amount is equivalent to about 14% of the average global annual fossil fuel emissions released during the 1990s. While not as large as the 1997-98 events, significant emissions from biomass burning have also been recorded in other (less severe) El Niño years across Indonesia, in particular, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2009-2010. Recent climate modelling studies indicate that the frequency of El Niño events may increase under future climate change, affecting many tropical countries, including Indonesia. An increased drought frequency plus a projected increase in population and land use pressures in Indonesia, imply there will be even more fires and emissions in future across the region. However, while

Maps Showing Locations of Damaging Landslides Caused by El Nino Rainstorms, Winter Season 1997-98, San Francisco Bay Region, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Godt, Jonathan W.

1999-01-01

Heavy rainfall associated with a strong El Nino caused over $150 million in landslide damage in the 10-county San Francisco Bay region during the winter and spring of 1998. Reports of landsliding began in early January 1998 and continued throughout the winter and spring. On February 9, President Clinton declared all 10 counties eligible for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster assistance. In April and May of 1998, personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a field reconnaissance in the area to provide a general overview of landslide damage resulting from the 1997-98 sequence of El Nino-related storms. Seven scientists from the USGS Landslide Hazards Program based in Reston, Virginia; Golden, Colorado; and Menlo Park, California; and five scientists from the USGS Geologic Mapping Program?s San Francisco Bay Mapping Team based in Menlo Park, California, cooperated in the landslide-damage assessments. The assessments were done for 10 counties in the Bay area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Solano, and Sonoma. USGS Maps in this series include: MF-2325-A (Napa County), MF-2325-B (Alameda County), MF-2325-C (Marin County), MF-2325-D (Santa Cruz County), MF-2325-E (Contra Costa County), MF-2325-F (Sonoma County), MF-2325-G (San Francisco City and County), MF-2325-H (San Mateo County), MF-2325-I (Solano County), MF-2325-J (Santa Clara County). In addition to USGS scientists providing data from the field evaluation, each of the counties, many consultants, and others cooperated fully in providing the landslide-damage information compiled here.

Work-related amputations in Michigan, 1997.

PubMed

Stanbury, Martha; Reilly, Mary Jo; Rosenman, Kenneth D

2003-10-01

Work-related amputations are of concern in Michigan and nationally. This study reports on 1 year of data on work-related amputations, which were treated in Michigan hospital emergency departments (ED) or as in-patients in Michigan. Michigan hospitals provided face sheets and discharge summaries of in-patient and ED visits for work-related amputations that occurred in 1997. Information was also obtained about worksite inspections associated with reported amputations from the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA) program. Data from this study and from Michigan workers compensation were used to generate an estimate of the true numbers of work-related amputations in Michigan in 1997. Three hundred thirty-nine work-related amputations were identified by hospitals. Powered saws and power presses were the leading sources of injury. MIOSHA completed 30 enforcement inspections related to these amputations. Our best estimate of the total numbers of work-related amputations in 1997 for Michigan was 693, of which 562 resulted in hospitalization or ED treatment. In-patient and ED records provided information for identifying high risk groups and problem worksites in Michigan. Estimates generated from these data underscore that data on work-related amputations released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which reported 440 amputations in 1997, are a significant undercount--only 64%--of the true number of cases. Better integration of public health data into OSHA enforcement activity is needed. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

NREL photovoltaic program FY 1997 annual report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, R.D.; Hansen, A.; Smoller, S.

1998-06-01

This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the NREL PV Program from October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997 (FY 1997). The NREL PV Program is part of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996--2000. The FY 1997 budget authority for carrying out the NREL PV Program was $39.3 million in operating funds and $0.4 million in capital equipment funds. Subcontract activities represent a major part of the NREL PV Program, with $21.8 million (55% of PV funds) goingmore » to some 84 subcontractors. Cost sharing by industry added almost $8.8 million to the subcontract R and D activities with industry.« less

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Meteorology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Marine Education, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 28,1998. Murphree, X, "Hot and Cold Glasses: Activities on the Global Water Cycle ," Current: The Journal of...Marine Education, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 28,1998. Murphree, T, "Hot and Cold Glasses: Activities on the Global Water Cycle ," Current: The Journal of Marine

Methylmercury in flood-control impoundments and natural waters of northwestern Minnesota, 1997-99

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brigham, M.E.; Krabbenhoft, D.P.; Olson, M.L.; DeWild, J.F.

2002-01-01

We studied methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (HgT) in impounded and natural surface waters in northwestern Minnesota, in settings ranging from agricultural to undeveloped. In a recently constructed (1995) permanent-pool impoundment, MeHg levels typically increased from inflow to outflow during 1997; this trend broke down from late 1998 to early 1999. MeHg levels in the outflow reached seasonal maxima in mid-summer (maximum of 1.0 ng L−1 in July 1997) and late-winter (maximum of 6.6 ng L−1 in February 1999), and are comparable to high levels observed in new hydroelectric reservoirs in Canada. Spring and autumn MeHg levels were typically about 0.1–0.2 ng L−1. Overall, MeHg levels in both the inflow (a ditch that drains peatlands) and outflow were significantly higher than in three nearby reference natural lakes. Eleven older permanent-pool impoundments and six natural lakes in northwestern Minnesota were sampled five times. The impoundments typically had higher MeHg levels (0.071–8.36 ng L−1) than natural lakes. Five of six lakes MeHg levels typical of uncontaminated lakes (0.014–1.04 ng L−1) with highest levels in late winter, whereas a hypereutrophic lake had high levels (0.37–3.67 ng L−1) with highest levels in mid-summer. Seven temporary-pool impoundments were sampled during summer high-flow events. Temporary-pool impoundments that retained water for about 10–15 days after innundation yielded pronounced increases in MeHg from inflow to outflow, in one case reaching 4.6 ng L−1, which was about 2 ng L−1 greater than the mean inflow concentration during the runoff event.

TASH Newsletter, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TASH Newsletter, 1998

1998-01-01

The ten 1998 issues of the newsletter of TASH comprise this document. An issue typically contains news items, a column by the organization's executive director, reports from special interest groups, legislative testimony, conference information, and several major articles, such as the following: "A Q&A on IDEA 97 with Tom Gilhool"; "Positive…

Terrorism in the United States 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

accomplice in the World Trade Center bombing was also sen- tenced in 1998. Eyad Mahmoud Ismail Najim, who drove the bomb-laden van into the parking...was found guilty, while Cornelius Veldhuizen and Ralph Clark were found not guilty of the charges brought against them. Because the second trial...found guilty of driving the explosive-laden van into the World Trade Center. TERRORISM IN THE UNITED STATES 1998 10 ing and the plot to bomb the U.S

Clinton delivers bare bones plan for 1997 budget

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlowicz, Michael

1996-02-01

Congress and the White House have yet to finish negotiating and haggling over the U.S. federal budget for 1996, but the calendar and the law say that they ought to start thinking about 1997. On February 5, President Bill Clinton issued a preliminary budget plan for 1997 that reflected his fiscal priorities as they were last stated in January, before budget talks with congressional Republicans broke down. Required by law to propose a spending plan by the first Monday in February, Clinton delivered to Congress what he termed a "thematic document," one that gives a minimally detailed outline of how the federal government should spend the taxpayers' money in 1997.

Child Support Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharman, Phil, Ed.

1997-01-01

This document consists of the twelve issues of "Child Support Report" newsletter published during 1997. Monthly issues typically explore problems related to child support enforcement, report on federal and state government child support enforcement initiatives, and summarize research related to child support. Editorials and information…

Houston Pre-Freshman Enrichment Program (Houston PREP). Final report, June 9, 1997--July 25, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-10-01

The 1997 Houston Pre-Freshman Enrichment Program (PREP) was conducted at the campus of the University of Houston-Downtown from June 9 to July 25, 1997. Program participants were recruited from the Greater Houston Area. All participants were identified as high-achieving students with an interest in learning about the engineering and science professions. The goal of the program was to better prepare our pre-college youth prior to entering college as mathematics, science and engineering majors. The program participants were middle school and high school students from the Aldine, Alief, Channel View, Clear Creek, Cypress-Fairbanks, Fort Bend, Galena Park, Houston, Humble, Katy, Klein,more » North Forest, Pasadena, Private, and Spring Branch Independent School Districts. Of the 194 students starting the program, 165 students were from economically and socially disadvantage groups under-represented in the engineering and science professions, and 118 of the 194 were women. Our First Year group for 1997 composed of 96% minority and women students. Second and Third Year students combined were 96% minority or women. With financial support from the Center for Computational Sciences and Advanced Distributed Simulation, the Fourth Year Program was added to PREP this year. Twelve students completed the program (83% minority or women).« less

Accountability report - fiscal year 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

This document contains the US NRC`s accountability report for fiscal year 1997. Topics include uses of funds, financial condition, program performance, management accountability, and the audited financial statement.

Drug and alcohol testing results 1998 annual report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 1998 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of drug and alcohol testing results reported by transit systems in the United States during 1998. The report covers results for the following drug types: marijuana ...

Community College of Rhode Island: Annual Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abood, Nancy V.; LeBlanc, William; Racca, Susanne M.

This 1997 annual report describes major initiatives and outcomes for students, programs, faculty and staff, and finances at Community College of Rhode Island (CCRI). Highlighted are some of the steps the college has taken to address its priorities in meeting modern challenges. A message from the president reviews four top priorities for 1997,…

Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1997.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva

1999-01-01

Discusses 1997 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1997 production and receipt data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri, and shows...

Importance of Coarse Woody Debris to Avian Communities in Loblolly Pine Forests

Treesearch

Steven M Lohr; Sidney A. Gauthreaux; John C. Kilgo

2002-01-01

To investigate the importance of standing (snags) aud down course woody debris (DCWD)) to bird communities in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests, we compared breeding (1997-1999) und nonbreeding (1997- 1998, 1998-1999) responses of birds among two course woody debris (CWD) removal and control treatments. In each of four blocks, we estahblished four...

1997 Savannah River Site annual epidemiologic surveillance report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This report provides a summary of epidemiologic surveillance data collected from Savannah River Site from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 1997. The data were collected by a coordinator at Savannah River Site and submitted to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Data Center located at Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, where quality control procedures and preliminary data analyses were carried out. The analyses were interpreted and the final report prepared by the DOE Office of Epidemiologic Studies. The information in this report provides highlights of the data analyses conducted on the 1997 data collected from Savannah River Site. The mainmore » sections of the report include: work force characteristics; absences due to injury or illness lasting 5 or more consecutive workdays; workplace illnesses, injuries, and deaths that were reportable to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (''OSHA-recordable'' events); and disabilities and deaths among current workers. The 199 7 report includes a section on time trends that provides comparative information on the health of the work force from 1994 through 1997.« less

International petroleum statistics report, November 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-11-01

The International Petroleum Statistics Report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This section contains annual data beginning in 1985, and monthly data for the most recent two years. Section 2 presents an oil supply/demand balance for the world. This balance is presented in quarterly intervals for the most recent two years. Section 3 presents data on oil imports by OECD countries. This section contains annual datamore » for the most recent year, quarterly data for the most recent two quarters, and monthly data for the most recent twelve months. Section 4 presents annual time series data on world oil production and oil stocks, demand, and trade in OECD countries. World oil production and OECD demand data are for the years 1970 through 1997; OECD stocks from 1973 through 1997; and OECD trade from 1987 through 1997. 4 figs., 46 tabs.« less

International petroleum statistics report, June 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-06-01

The International Petroleum Statistics Report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This section contains annual data beginning in 1985, and monthly data for the most recent two years. Section 2 presents an oil supply/demand balance for the world. This balance is presented in quarterly intervals for the most recent two years. Section 3 presents data on oil imports by OECD countries. This section contains annual datamore » for the most recent year, quarterly data for the most recent two quarters, and monthly data for the most recent twelve months. Section 4 presents annual time series data on world oil production and oil stocks, demand, and trade in OECD countries. World oil production and OECD demand data are for the years 1970 through 1997; OECD stocks from 1973 through 1997; and OECD trade from 1987 through 1997. 4 figs., 48 tabs.« less

National proceedings: forest and conservation nursery associations—1997.

Treesearch

T.D. Landis; J.R. Thompson

1997-01-01

This proceedings is a compilation of 27 papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States in 1997. The Northeastern Forest Nursery Association Conference was held in Bemidji, Minnesota, on August 11-14, 1997; and the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held in Boise,...

National Transportation Atlas Databases : 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

The National Transportation Atlas Databases -- 1997 (NTAD97) is a set of national : geographic databases of transportation facilities. These databases include geospatial : information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, and re...

Platinum recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hilliard, Henry E.

2001-01-01

In the United States, catalytic converters are the major source of secondary platinum for recycling. Other sources of platinum scrap include reforming and chemical process catalysts. The glass industry is a small but significant source of platinum scrap. In North America, it has been estimated that in 1998 more than 20,000 kilograms per year of platinum-group metals from automobile catalysts were available for recycling. In 1998, an estimated 7,690 kilograms of platinum were recycled in the United States. U.S. recycling efficiency was calculated to have been 76 percent in 1998; the recycling rate was estimated at 16 percent.

AVIATION COMPETITION: Regional Jet Service Yet to Reach Many Small Communities

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-02-01

1997), AA (2000), NW (2000) Colorado Springs CO DL (1997), CO (1999), HP (1999) Columbia SC DL (1997), CO (1998), UA (1999), US (1999) Corpus...DL (1999) Small cities Bangor ME DL (1999) Bozeman MT DL (1997), UA (2000) Butte MT DL (1997) Casper WY DL (1997) Durango CO HP (1999) Grand Forks ND

District of Columbia Public Schools: Availability of Funds and the Cost of FY 1997 Roof Projects. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Statement of Gloria L. Jaimon, Director, Health, Education, and Human Services Accounting and Financial Management Issues, Accounting and Information Management Division.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Accounting and Information Management Div.

This document presents the results of a review of the District of Columbia Public Schools' (DCPS) efforts to repair school roofs during the summer of 1997. The statement details when funds were made available to pay for roof repairs, the costs of the roof repairs, and additional roofs to be fixed in fiscal year 1998 and beyond. Sufficient funding…

Florida Educational Facilities, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Office of Educational Facilities.

This document contains information, photographs, and floor plans of many of Florida's new elementary through high school facilities occupied in 1997. Each entry lists the facility's type, building size, student capacity, and general structural information. Also provided is information on the facility's total construction cost; the architects and…

Evaluation of management practices in wetland meadows at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho, 1997-2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Austin, J.E.; Pyle, W.H.; Keough, J.R.; Johnson, D.H.

2002-01-01

experimental units, the most common were American coot, sandhill crane, Canada goose, American avocet, mallard, and cinnamon teal. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of dabbling duck nests (all species pooled) were negatively affected by fall grazing. We detected no effects of treatments on DSRs of Canada geese or sandhill crane nests. DSRs for sandhill crane nests were higher in 1998 than in 1999 or 2000 and were slightly higher than that in 1997. DSRs for coot nests were affected by both year and treatment; within-treatment differences among years were extensive, In 1998, when all units were idled, DSRs for coot nests were higher in units assigned to idle treatment than those assigned to fall-grazed or rotation treatment. DSRs for coot nests did not differ among treatment blocks in 1997 (all units idled) or 1999 (first year after treatments). We speculate that compaction of residual vegetation by snowpack reduced any differences between idle and treated units and thus lessened the value of idle habitat for most nesting birds. Nesting densities and nest success rates of Canada geese, dabbling ducks, and sandhill cranes were lower those that reported from Steel's (1952) study in 1949-1950, but differences in habitats and areas searched relative to our study make comparisons difficult. Nest success rates of sandhill cranes also were lower than those reported by Drewien (1973). Declines in nest success probably are related to changes in predator community. We captured 5 species of small mammals (meadow vole, montane vole, deer mouse, vagrant shrew, and ermine). Populations of meadow and montane voles irrupted in 1998 then crashed in spring 1999; the most marked changes were in montane vole numbers. Capture rates of ermine and observation rates for striped skunks and raptors suggested a numerical response (higher recruitment) by these predators to higher prey abundance and possibly distributional shifts (movement into areas of more abundant microtines). We did not detect differences

Delineation of groundwater recharge areas, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Masterson, John P.; Walter, Donald A.

2000-01-01

For additional information on the hydrology and geology of western Cape Cod, the reader is referred to the following reports: LeBlanc and others (1986), Barlow and Hess (1993), Masterson and others (1997a), Masterson and others (1997b), Masterson and others (1998), Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Inc. (1998) and Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. (1999).

Leo Commercial Market Projects (1997)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-25

The Federal Aviation Administration's Associate Administrator for Commercial : Space Transportation (AST) has prepared projections of the low Earth orbit : (LEO) commercial payload and launch markets for the period between 1997 and : 2006. This asses...

Tornado-associated fatalities--Arkansas, 1997.

PubMed

1997-05-16

On March 1, 1997, approximately nine tornadoes originating from two separate thunderstorms swept across Arkansas, from Hempstead County in the southwest to Clay County in the northeast (approximately 260 miles). The tornadoes caused 26 deaths and an estimated $115 million in property damage, reflecting damage to residences, nonresidential buildings, bridges, and roads and agriculture and timber losses. The strongest tornadoes touched down southwest of Little Rock in Clark, Saline, and Pulaski counties; the estimated widths of the tornado paths ranged from 1/2 to 1 mile, and wind speeds were > 200 miles per hour (National Weather Service [NWS], unpublished data, 1997). This report summarizes circumstances of the tornado-associated fatalities from information collected by the American Red Cross (ARC); 14 of the 26 fatalities occurred among persons who were in mobile homes.

China's Higher Education Reform 1998-2003: A Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lixu, Li

2004-01-01

Profoundly important and unprecedented changes have taken place in China's higher education since 1998, when Zhu Rongji Administration (1998-2003) decided to carry out a new round of educational reform. These changes include some breakthroughs in macro administrative system reform, growth in the total amount of educational expenditure, the…

Sea floor topography and backscatter intensity of the Historic Area Remediation Site (HARS), offshore of New York, based on multibeam surveys conducted in 1996, 1998, and 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butman, Bradford; Danforth, W.W.; Knowles, S.C.; May, Brian; Serrett, Laurie

2000-01-01

An area offshore of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, has been used extensively for disposal of dredged and other materials, derived from the New York/New Jersey Harbor and surrounding areas, since the late 1800's (Figure 1). Between 1976 and 1995, the New York Bight Dredged Material Disposal Site, also known as the Mud Dump Site (Figure 2), received on average about 6 million cubic yards of material each year from federal and private maintenance dredging and from harbor deepening activities (Massa and others, 1996). In September 1997 the Mud Dump Site (MDS) was closed as an official ocean disposal site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov/), and the MDS and surrounding areas were designated as the Historic Area Remediation Site (HARS). The HARS is subdivided into a Primary Remediation Area (PRA, subdivided into 9 cells), a Buffer Zone, and a No-Discharge Zone (Figure 2). The sea floor of the HARS, approximately 9 square nautical miles in area, is being remediated by placing at least a one-meter cap of Category I (clean) dredged material on top of the existing surface sediments that exhibit varying degrees of degradation. (See http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/business/prjlinks/dmmp/benefic/hars.htm)(Category I sediments have no potential short or long-term impacts and are acceptable for unrestricted ocean disposal (EPA, 1996)). About 1.1 million cubic yards of dredged material for remediation was placed in the HARS in 1999, and 2.5 million cubic yards in 2000. Three multibeam echosounder surveys were carried out to map the topography and surficial geology of the HARS. The surveys were conducted November 23 - December 3, 1996, October 26 - November 11, 1998, and April 6 - 30, 2000. The surveys were carried out as part of a larger survey of the Hudson Shelf Valley and adjacent shelf (Butman and others, 1998, (http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of98-616/). This report presents maps showing topography, shaded relief, and backscatter intensity (a measure of sea

Comparison of shelf currents off central California prior to and during the 1997-1998 El Nino

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ryan, H.F.; Noble, M.A.

2005-01-01

Moored current, temperature, salinity, and pressure data were collected at three sites that transect the narrow continental shelf offshore of Davenport, CA, starting in August 1996 and continuing to the spring of 1998. This data set allowed a comparison of oceanographic conditions prior to (8/96-3/97) and during (8/97-3/98) the last major El Nin??o. During this El Nin??o, mean temperatures over the 8-month time period were about 3??C warmer than during the prior year at all of the sites. Correlations between near-surface and near-bottom temperatures, and between near-surface temperature and wind stress decreased during the El Nin??o compared to conditions the year before. The mean alongshore currents were more strongly poleward during El Nin??o at sites over the mid-shelf and near the shelf break. There was a general tendency for the energy in alongshore currents to move toward lower frequencies during the El Nin??o, particularly at the sites farther offshore. The processes that forced the shelf flows changed in relative importance throughout the study. The local alongshore wind stress was less important in driving shelf currents during the El Nin??o when much of the wind-induced upwelling was confined to less than 5 km of the coast. The observed strong poleward shelf currents on the mid- to outer-shelf were not clearly tied to local forcing, but were remotely driven, most likely by slope currents. The response of the Davenport shelf to an El Nin??o event may differ from other areas since the shelf is narrow, the wind forcing is weaker than areas to the north and south, and the shelf may be at times isolated by fronts that form at strong upwelling centers. In the winter, strong storm-related winds are important in driving currents at periods not only in the synoptic wind band, but also for periods on the order of 20 d and longer.

[Recent history of the news coverage of violence against women in Spain, 1997-2001].

PubMed

Vives-Cases, Carmen; Ruiz, María Teresa; Alvarez-Dardet, Carlos; Martín, Marta

2005-01-01

To explore press coverage of violence against women between 1997 and 2001, and to analyze the temporal development of murders due to this cause in Spain and the social context in which these media events take place. Quantitative content analyses were performed of 865 news items on violence against women in the Spanish newspapers El País, ABC and El Mundo (1997-2001). Absolute and relative frequencies, and relative risk (RR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated. Crude mortality rates were calculated for violence against women (1998-2003) based on the Register of the Federation of Separated and Divorced Women. Press coverage of violence against women increased, coinciding with dramatic events and political responses to the problem. In this context, mortality from this cause remained constant. News about incidents (65%) were more frequent than news about interventions (35%). In news items in which sex was identified (35% of the total), women (n = 151) and men (n = 150) shared the role of principle information source. Men from law institutions (RR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.44-2.17) and women from health institutions (RR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14-1.08) and associations (RR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.81) were more likely to be the main source of information than their counterparts. Men had a higher probability than women of being the main source of information in news about punishment (RR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.12-1.81). In a context in which mortality from violence against women remains constant, news about this subject has increased, coinciding with dramatic events and political responses. The main sources of information are politicians of both sexes, men from law institutions, and women from health institutions and associations. Men are the main source of information in news about punishment.

1997 Kentucky traffic accident facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

KENTUCKYS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1997 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed : in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised statutes 189.635, : ...

Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Texas: 1997 Update.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Liang Y.

This report provides an update of the costs of alcohol and drug abuse for 1997. The 1997 costs were estimated by multiplying the percent changes in various socioeconomic factors from 1989 to 1997 by the cost estimates. The adverse health and social consequences of substance abuse extensively increased costs to the state. The total economic costs…

1998 statistical summaries : Federal Transit Administration : grant assistance programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-03-01

The 1998 Statistical Summaries provides information about the Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) major financial aid programs for Federal Fiscal Year (FY) 1998. The report covers the following programs: Urbanized Area Formula, Non-urbanized Area ...

Activities and preliminary results of nearshore benthic habitat mapping in southern California, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cochrane, Guy R.; Lafferty, Kevin D.

2000-01-01

The nearshore benthic habitat of the Santa Barbara coast and Channel Islands supports a diversity of marine life that are commercially, recreationally, and intrinsically valuable. Some of these resources are known to be endangered including a variety of rockfish and the White Abalone. State and National agencies have been mandated to preserve and enhance these resources and require detailed habitat characterization in order to do so. This project will characterize and map the benthic habitat in areas that have been selected because they have been set aside as National Sanctuaries or State Preserves, or are areas of ongoing or planned fish population studies. Various management strategies are being developed to protect marine resources in the Santa Barbara Channel Islands Region. One approach under investigation is to implement no-take marine reserves (Agardy, T., 1997; Bohnsack, 1998; Roberts, 1997). One small reserve presently exists on Anacapa Island and there is a growing momentum to add additional reserves to form a reserve network (Lafferty et al., 2000). Reserves may provide relatively pristine marine communities in a wild state for study and appreciation. In addition, they may buffer some species from over-fishing. A key feature of marine reserve design is to protect a representation of the existing habitats in a region (Roberts, 1997). Unfortunately, the distribution of habitats is not well known in this area since the underwater equivalent of soils and vegetation maps that are widely available for terrestrial systems do not yet exist. Managers need habitat maps to help determine the most appropriate boundaries for reserves in a network in order to meet various criteria and goals (such as habitat representation, reserve size, habitat heterogeneity, reserve spacing, inclusion of sensitive habitats, etc.). Another use for habitat mapping is to better understand the distribution of those habitats that are particularly important to fished species or sensitive

Collegiate Aviation Review 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carney, Thomas Q., Ed.; Luedtke, Jacqueline R., Ed.; Johnson, Jeffrey A., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document contains four peer-reviewed papers about university-level aviation education that were presented at the 1998 Fall Education Conference of the University Aviation Association. "Setting the Foundation for Effective Learning: Utilizing the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Domains to Establish Rigorous Performance Learning…

32 CFR 199.7 - Claims submission, review, and payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Claims submission, review, and payment. 199.7 Section 199.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... patient's treatment and progress. Accurate and timely completion of orders, notes, etc., enable different...

Intercomparison of Model Simulations of the Impact of 1997/98 El Nino on South American Summer Monsoon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhou, Jiayu; Lau, K.-M.; Lau, William K. M. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The simulations of climatology and response of the South American summer monsoon (SASM) to the 1997/98 El Nino are investigated using six atmospheric general circulation models. Results show all models simulate the large-scale features of the SASM reasonably well. However, both stationary and seasonal components of the surface pressure are overestimated, resulting in an excessively strong SASM in the model climatology. The low-level northwesterly jet over eastern foothills of the Andes is not well resolved because of the coarse resolution of the models. Large rainfall simulation biases are found in association with the Andes and the Atlantic ITCZ, indicating model problems in handling steep mountains and parameterization of convective processes. The simulation of the 1997/98 El Nino impact on SASM is examined based on an ensemble of ten two-year (September 1996 - August 1998) integration. Results show that most models can simulate the large-scale tropospheric warming response over the tropical central Pacific, including the dynamic response of Rossby wave propagation of the Pacific-South America (PSA) pattern that influences remote areas. Deficiencies are found in simulating the regional impacts over South America. Model simulation fails to capture the southeastward expansion of anomalously warm tropospheric air. As a result, the upper tropospheric anomalous high over the subtropical Andes is less pronounced, and the enhancement of subtropical westerly jet is displaced 5deg-10deg equatorward compared to the observed. Over the Amazon basin, the shift of Walker cell induced by El Nino is not well represented, showing anomalous easterlies in both upper and lower troposphere.

Selected Images of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha Eruption, 1983-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Takahashi, Taeko Jane; Heliker, Christina C.; Diggles, Michael F.

2003-01-01

The 100 images in this CD?ROM have been selected from the collections of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory as enduring favorites of the staff, researchers, media, designers, and the public over time. They represent photographs of a variety of geological phenomena and eruptive events, chosen for their content, quality of exposure, and aesthetic appeal. The number was kept to 100 to maintain the high resolution desirable. Since 1997, digital imagery has been the predominant mode of photographically documenting the eruption. Many of these photos, from 1998 to the present, are viewable on the website: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/archive/ Episode numbers are given as E-numbers in parentheses before each caption that pertains to the Pu`u `O`o?Kupaianaha eruption; details of the episodes are given in table 1. Hawaiian words and place names are listed below to facilitate searching. All images included in this collection are owned by the U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and are in the public domain. Therefore, no permission or fee is required for their use. Please include photo credit for the photographer and the U.S. Geological Survey. We assume no responsibility for the modification of these images.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Campylobacter Strains, United States, 1997–2001

PubMed Central

Nelson, Jennifer M.; Barrett, Timothy J.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Rossiter, Shannon P.; Friedman, Cindy R.; Joyce, Kevin W.; Smith, Kirk E.; Jones, Timothy F.; Hawkins, Marguerite A.; Shiferaw, Beletshachew; Beebe, James L.; Vugia, Duc J.; Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry; Benson, James A.; Root, Timothy P.; Angulo, Frederick J.

2004-01-01

We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997. PMID:15207064

Population changes in bats from central Arizona: 1972 and 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Shea, T.J.; Vaughan, T.A.

1999-01-01

Prompted by concern about declining bat populations in the southwestern United States, we surveyed for changes in populations between 1972 and 1997 at a study area in central Arizona. We duplicated earlier searches of ancient Indian dwellings and crevices in surrounding cliffs for diurnally roosting bats during the time of year when maternity colonies should have been present, and repeated mist-netting to capture bats in flight along the cliffs at night. Antrozous pallidus was gone. A maternity colony of Myotis velifer no longer existed. Tadarida brasiliensis was rare in 1997 compared to 1972; aggregations of Myotis yumanensis seen in 1972 were missing in 1997. Breeding Corynorhinus townsendii were found in 1997, but were unknown at this location in 1972. Small numbers of Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis californicus, and Pipistrellus hesperus occupied the site in both 1972 and 1997. Additionally, museum records show that most of the bats we documented at this site also were present in 1931. Surrounding habitat did not appear substantially different between 1972 and 1997, and a reconstruction of possible impacts from bat biologists did not suggest that researchers caused the local extinctions we document. The most obvious change over 25 years was a dramatic increase in recreational use of the area. We believe that disturbances associated with recreationists resulted in the observed population changes, primarily through roost abandonment.

Short-term impact of disturbance on genetic diversity and structure of Indonesian populations of the butterfly Drupadia theda in East Kalimantan.

PubMed

Fauvelot, C; Cleary, D F R; Menken, S B J

2006-07-01

We investigated the short-term impact of disturbance on genetic diversity and structure of the tropical butterfly Drupadia theda Felder (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Populations were sampled from five landscapes in East Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia) which were differentially disturbed by selective logging and the 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced drought and fires. Sampling occurred before (in 1997) and after the forest fires (in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2004). Drupadia theda populations underwent serious population size reductions following the 1997/1998 ENSO event. For a total of 208 individuals, we sequenced a 509-bp segment of mtDNA containing the control region plus the 5' end of the 12S rDNA gene. Haplotype diversity in D. theda populations ranged from 0.468 to 0.953. Just after the 1997/1998 ENSO event, number of recorded individuals and genetic diversity were very low in D. theda populations sampled in the two severely burned areas and in a small pristine forest fragment that was surrounded by burned forest and thereby affected by drought. Interestingly, higher levels of genetic diversity were observed in logged forest compared to proximate pristine forest. After 1998, the genetic composition within the three ENSO-disturbed areas diverged. In the twice-burned forest, the genetic diversity in 1999 already approached pre-fire levels, while it remained nearly unchanged in proximate once-burned forest. Our data suggest that the 1997/1998 ENSO-induced drought and fires caused massive reductions in the genetic diversity of D. theda and that population recoveries were linked to their geographical position relative to patches of unburned forest (and thus to source populations).

National History Day 1997 Supplement: Triumph & Tragedy in History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorn, Cathy

1996-01-01

Reports on the procedures, standards, and topics involved in the 1997 National History Day. National History Day is a year-long contest where students research primary sources and prepare papers, projects, performances, and media based on a historical theme. The 1997 theme is "Triumph and Tragedy in History." (MJP)

Estrella Mountain Plan for Institutional Effectiveness, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estrella Mountain Community Coll., Avondale, AZ.

This plan provides information on the efforts of Arizona's Estrella Mountain Community College (EMCC) to evaluate its effectiveness in achieving organizational mission and purpose. The plan contains the following information: (1) a discussion of EMCC's institutional effectiveness efforts to date, indicating that the college's Plan for…

Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1998.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva

2002-01-01

Discusses 1998 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1998 production and receipt data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri by species...

A lumber grading system for the future: an update evaluation

Treesearch

D. Earl Kline; Chris Surak; Philip A. Araman

2000-01-01

Virginia Tech and the Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service have jointly developed and refined a multiple-sensor lumber-scanning prototype to demonstrate and test applicable scanning technologies (Conners et al. 1997, Kline et al. 1997, Kline et al. 1998). This R&D effort has led to a patented wood color and grain sorting system (Conners and Lu 1998...

Tuberculosis prevalence in an urban jail: 1994 and 1998.

PubMed

White, M C; Tulsky, J P; Portillo, C J; Menendez, E; Cruz, E; Goldenson, J

2001-05-01

Despite a continuing decline in tuberculosis (TB) in the US, jails remain a high-risk setting for the identification of active and latent TB infection (LTBI). The purpose of this study was to document the change in TB prevalence in the San Francisco City and County Jail. Two period prevalence analyses were done, for 1994 and 1998. The sample included all persons booked into jail during the two years. The rates of inmates screened and the prevalence of active TB and LTBI by sex and ethnicity were compared using computerized records. Prevalence of active TB was 72.1 per 100000 jail population for 1998, and did not change significantly from 1994. In 1998 one third of active TB cases were found through jail screening. Latinos represented respectively 20.1% and 17.7% of those booked in 1994 and 1998, but 43.0% and 41.7% of inmates with LTBI. In 1998, being Latino (odds ratio 2.9) and male (odds ratio 1.6) were most strongly associated with LTBI. Screening for TB among jail inmates is an increasingly valuable clinical and epidemiological tool for case-finding and for identifying persons who would benefit from preventive therapy.

U.S. Emissions Inventory 1997

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

View the 1997 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory developed by the U.S. Government to meet U.S. commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This version of the inventory covers the period from 1990 to 1995.

Australian Vocational Education and Training Statistics 1997 in Detail.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia).

This publication reflects the diversity of the Australian vocational education and training system at client, provider, and program levels. Following an introduction, section 2 presents a summary of data on: Australia by provider type; Australia, 1997 and 1996; states and territories, 1997; and activity in vocational programs. Section 3, arranged…

Child Support Report, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharman, Phil, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the 12 monthly issues of the 1998 "Child Support Report," which explores problems related to child support enforcement, reports on federal and state government child support enforcement initiatives, and summarizes research related to child support. Editorials and information on events and conferences of…

Florida Educational Facilities, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Office of Educational Facilities.

This document contains information, photographs, and floor plans of many of Florida's new elementary through high school facilities occupied in 1998. Each entry lists the facility's type, building size, student capacity, and general structural information. Also provided is information on the facility's total construction cost; the architects and…

Social Policy Report, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Nancy G., Ed.

1998-01-01

These four quarterly reports for 1998 provide a forum for scholarly reviews and discussions of developmental research and its implications for the policies affecting children. The first issue focuses on fathering. The main article addresses perspectives of fathers' involvement in children's lives in developing countries, specifically, issues of a…

Concussions during the 1997 Canadian Football League season.

PubMed

Delaney, J S; Lacroix, V J; Leclerc, S; Johnston, K M

2000-01-01

To examine the incidence and characteristics of concussions for one season in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Retrospective survey. 289 players reporting to CFL training camp. Of these, 154 players had played in the CFL during the 1997 season. Based on self-reported symptoms, calculations were made to determine the number of concussions experienced during the previous season, the duration of symptoms, the time for return to play after concussion, and any associated risk factors for concussions. Of all the athletes who played during the 1997 season, 44.8% experienced symptoms of a concussion. Only 18.8% of these concussed players recognized they had suffered a concussion. 69.6% of all concussed players experienced more than one episode. Symptoms lasted at least 1 day in 25.8% of cases. The odds of experiencing a concussion increased 13% with each game played. A past history of a loss of consciousness while playing football and a recognized concussion while playing football were both associated with increased odds of experiencing a concussion during the 1997 season. Many players experienced a concussion during the 1997 CFL season, but the majority of these players may not have recognized that fact. Players need to be better informed about the symptoms and effects of concussions.

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 4, Number 4, May/June 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

Chancroid (b) Granuloma Inguinale (c) Lymphogranuloma Venereum (d) Syphilis unspec. (e) Syph, tertiary (f) Syph, congenital MSMRVol. 04 / No. 04 7...transmitted diseases, US Army medical treatment facilities* May, 1998 Reporting Chlamydia Urethritis non-spec. Gonorrhea Herpes Simplex Syphilis Prim/Sec... Syphilis Latent Other STDs** MTF/Post** Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Month 1998 Month 1998 Month 1998

CACD Journal, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wickwire, Pat Nellor, Ed.

1999-01-01

This publication of the California Association for Counseling and Development for 1998-1999 supports the organizational goals of leadership, inquiry, discovery, excellence, and innovation. It attempts to identify the current issues of concern in the counseling field and to share research to help improve the professional learning community. As a…

Understanding Our Gifted, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Laura, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the four quarterly issues of the journal "Understanding Our gifted" published during 1998. Each issue of the journal generally has a single theme in the education of gifted and talented children around which all the articles are focused. The themes of these four issues are, respectively, "Educational…

UNICEF Annual Report, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY.

UNICEF is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs, and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. This report details the accomplishments and activities of UNICEF for the year 1997. The report begins with introductory remarks from the U.N.…

National Transportation Atlas Databases : 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The North American Transportation Atlas Data - 1998 (NORTAD) is a set of : geographic data sets for transportation facilities in Canada, Mexico, and the United : States. These data sets include geospatial information for transportation modal networks...

Eclipse project closeup of QF-106 under tow on first tethered flight December 20, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The Kelly Space and Technology (KST)/USAF/NASA Eclipse project's modified QF-106 is shown under tow on the project's first tethered flight on December 20, 1997. The successful 18-minute-long flight reached an altitude of 10,000 feet. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, is hosting the project, providing engineering and facility support as well as the project pilot, Mark Stucky. In 1997 and 1998, the Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards, California, supported and hosted a Kelly Space & Technology, Inc. project called Eclipse, which sought to demonstrate the feasibility of a reusable tow-launch vehicle concept. The project goal was to successfully tow, inflight, a modified QF-106 delta-wing aircraft with an Air Force C-141A transport aircraft. This would demonstrate the possibility of towing and launching an actual launch vehicle from behind a tow plane. Dryden was the responsible test organization and had flight safety responsibility for the Eclipse project. Dryden provided engineering, instrumentation, simulation, modification, maintenance, range support, and research pilots for the test program. The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards, California, supplied the C-141A transport aircraft and crew and configured the aircraft as needed for the tests. The AFFTC also provided the concept and detail design and analysis as well as hardware for the tow system and QF-106 modifications. Dryden performed the modifications to convert the QF-106 drone into the piloted EXD-01 (Eclipse eXperimental Demonstrator-01) experimental aircraft. Kelly Space & Technology hoped to use the results gleaned from the tow test in developing a series of low-cost, reusable launch vehicles. These tests demonstrated the validity of towing a delta-wing aircraft having high wing loading, validated the tow simulation model, and demonstrated various operational procedures, such as ground processing of in-flight maneuvers and emergency abort scenarios.

Ground-Water Storage Change and Land Subsidence in Tucson Basin and Avra Valley, Southeastern Arizona, 1998-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pool, Donald R.; Anderson, Mark T.

2008-01-01

Gravity and land subsidence were measured annually at wells and benchmarks within two networks in Tucson Basin and Avra Valley from 1998 to 2002. Both networks are within the Tucson Active Management Area. Annual estimates of ground-water storage change, ground-water budgets, and land subsidence were made based on the data. Additionally, estimates of specific yield were made at wells within the monitored region. Increases in gravity and water-level rises followed above-average natural recharge during winter 1998 in Tucson Basin. Overall declining gravity and water-level trends from 1999 to 2002 in Tucson Basin reflected general declining ground-water storage conditions and redistribution of the recent recharge throughout a larger region of the aquifer. The volume of stored ground-water in the monitored portion of Tucson Basin increased 200,000 acre-feet from December 1997 to February 1999; however, thereafter an imbalance in ground-water pumpage in excess of recharge led to a net storage loss for the monitoring period by February 2002. Ground-water storage in Avra Valley increased 70,000 acre-feet during the monitoring period, largely as a result of artificial and incidental recharge in the monitored region. The water-budget for the combined monitored regions of Tucson Basin and Avra Valley was dominated by about 460,000 acre-feet of recharge during 1998 followed by an average-annual recharge rate of about 80,000 acre-feet per year from 1999 to 2002. Above-average recharge during winter 1998, followed by average-annual deficit conditions, resulted in an overall balanced water budget for the monitored period. Monitored variations in storage compared well with simulated average-annual conditions, except for above-average recharge from 1998 to 1999. The difference in observed and simulated conditions indicate that ground-water flow models can be improved by including climate-related variations in recharge rates rather than invariable rates of average-annual recharge

Southern pulpwood production, 1997

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Carolyn D. Steppleton

1999-01-01

In 1997, the South's production of pulpwood increased 11 percent to 75.9 million cords. Roundwood production increased to 54.2 million cords and accounted for 71 percent of the total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue increased to 21.7 million cords. Alabama leads the South in total production, number of mills, and pulping capacity. Currently, 103 mills...

1997 NASA/MSFC Summer Teacher Enrichment Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This is a report on the follow-up activities conducted for the 1997 NASA Summer Teacher Enrichment Program (STEP), which was held at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for the seventh consecutive year. The program was conducted as a six-week session with 17 sixth through twelfth grade math and science teachers from a six-state region (Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi and Missouri). The program began on June 8, 1997, and ended on July 25, 1997. The long-term objectives of the program are to: increase the nation's scientific and technical talent pool with a special emphasis on underrepresented groups, improve the quality of pre-college math and science education, improve math and science literacy, and improve NASA's and pre-college education's understandings of each other's operating environments and needs. Short-term measurable objectives for the MSFC STEP are to: improve the teachers' content and pedagogy knowledge in science and/or mathematics, integrate applications from the teachers' STEP laboratory experiences into science and math curricula, increase the teachers' use of instructional technology, enhance the teachers' leadership skills by requiring them to present workshops and/or inservice programs for other teachers, require the support of the participating teacher(s) by the local school administration through a written commitment, and create networks and partnerships within the education community, both pre-college and college. The follow-up activities for the 1997 STEP included the following: academic-year questionnaire, site visits, academic-year workshop, verification of commitment of support, and additional NASA support.

Plant community dynamics of lomas fog oasis of Central Peru after the extreme precipitation caused by the 1997-98 El Niño event

PubMed Central

Sánchez Infantas, Edgar; Teixeira Roth, Vanessa

2018-01-01

Despite El Niño events being one of the main forces shaping the coastal desert vegetation in South America, the impacts of the high precipitation typical of this rare but recurrent climatic event remain understudied. Here we monitored the plant community of a coastal lomas, a seasonal desert ecosystem, during 1998 and 2001 to analyse its changes during the 1997–98 El Niño and the following La Niña events. We measured species abundance and vegetation cover in 31 plots, and recorded climate variables in Lomas de Lachay, Peru. We found a significant positive correlation between precipitation and vegetation cover, density, alpha diversity (species diversity at the plot level), total richness and abundance of several key species but no correlation with gamma diversity (species diversity at the whole loma level). During the El Niño event, the seasonality, typical of the lomas ecosystem, disappeared, as evidenced by both the similarity of species composition and mean vegetation cover values between most sampling campaigns of 1998 and 1999. Moreover, total richness was lower during the El Niño event than during the humid season of 2000 and 2001 resulting from the dominance of only a few species, such as Nicotiana paniculata and Loasa urens. Temporal-spatial changes in the abundance of the dominant species caused the differences between alpha and gamma diversity, especially during 1999. Within that year, mean alpha diversity showed similar values whilst gamma diversity values were different. The reestablishment of the seasonality of most plant community characteristics and a clear difference between species composition of the humid and the dry season occurred two years after the El Niño event, suggesting a resilient community. This study provides one of the few quantifications of the Peruvian lomas’ response to the 1997–98 El Niño event and the following La Niña, one of the most extreme climatic events in the last century. PMID:29293693

Illinois School Code, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Association of School Boards, Springfield.

This text consists of numerous statutes selected by the Illinois Association of School Boards' staff for their relevance to public school governance and administration. The publication covers legislation enacted as of January 1, 1998, and includes a myriad of education-related topics. The bulk of the text focuses on schools themselves, featuring…

Centennial State Libraries, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parent, Kathleen D., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of 12 consecutive issues of the monthly "Centennial State Libraries" newsletter, of the Colorado Department of Education, State Library and Adult Education Office. The issues cover the year 1998. Each issue of the newsletter--except the August issue which is an Annual Report--includes some or all of the following…

NACUBO Endowment Study, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cambridge Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.

This report presents the results of a 1998 study of endowment assets of 509 higher education institutions, and is intended to allow administrators and trustees to evaluate the performance of their endowments and to acquaint them with the investment policies and practices of other higher education institutions. A brief abstract notes some…

1998 Kentucky traffic accident facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

KENTUCKYS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1998 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed : in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised statutes 189.635, : ...

ROK-U.S. Security Relations: The China Factor and a Turning Point

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-12-01

headquarters Services , Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the...include China’s contribution to Asian countries’ recovery from the 1997-1998 Asian financial crises, China’s recent record- breaking growth with...than other countries. Against the backdrop of China’s contribution to Asian countries’ recovery from the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, South

Road accident facts Ireland, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This report covers all road or traffic accidents reported to the Garda Siochana involving fatalities, personal injury or material damage which occurred on public roads in ireland (exclusive of Northern Ireland) in 1998. Accidents on private property,...

Reporting and Disclosing Intragovernmental Transactions for the FY 1997 DOD Consolidated Financial Statements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-09-21

This report discusses the reporting and disclosing of intragovernmental transactions on FY 1997 DoD Component and FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements . The...comply with the law, DoD prepared financial statements for the 16 reporting entities to be included in the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements . The...Consolidated Financial Statement. The overall audit objective was to determine whether the FY 1997 DoD Consolidated Financial Statements were presented

Senator Craig's Public Lands Management Imporvement Act of 1997

Treesearch

Joseph E. de Steiguer

1998-01-01

There are currently some 50 bills before the US Congress that deal with forestry. Among the most important of these is the one introduced on October 3, 1997, by Sen. Larry Craig (R-ID). This bill, S 1253, titled the Public Lands Management Improvement Act of 1997, would have far-reaching effects on the national forests and multiple-use public lands.

Tritium in water vapor in the shallow unsaturated zone at the Amargosa Desert Research Site

USGS Publications Warehouse

Healy, Richard W.; Striegl, Robert G.; Michel, Robert L.; Prudic, David E.; Andraski, Brian J.; Morganwalp, David W.; Buxton, Herbert T.

1999-01-01

Samples of water vapor in soil gas were obtained at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site in 1997 and 1998 from a depth of 1.5 m (meters) within a 300 m by 300 m grid that lies immediately to the south and west of a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site. The gas samples were analyzed for tritium. Fifty-eight samples were collected in May 1997; 61 samples were collected in June 1998. Measured tritium concentrations ranged from 16 ± 9 TU (tritium units) to 36,900 ± 300 TU in 1997, and from 6 ± 6 TU to 37,360 ± 450 TU in 1998. Concentrations decreased from northeast to southwest across the grid. In general, there was very little difference in tritium concentrations between the two sampling periods.

Tribal Colleges: 1968-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stein, Wayne, J.

From 1968 to 1998, the number of tribally controlled colleges in the United States grew to 31. Based on the community college model, they are the only colleges in the world to support and teach curricula, cultures, and languages of their Indian nations. Tribal colleges must work more closely than other institutions with the federal government to…

Why has the tropical lower stratosphere stopped cooling since 1997?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polvani, Lorenzo; Wang, Lei; Aquila, Valentina; Waugh, Darryn

2017-04-01

The impact of ozone depleting substances on global lower stratospheric temperature trends is widely recognized. In the tropics, however, understanding lower stratospheric temperature trends has proven more challenging. While the tropical lower stratospheric cooling observed from 1979 to 1997 has been linked to tropical ozone decreases, those ozone trends cannot be of chemical origin, as active chlorine is not abundant in the tropical lower stratosphere. The 1979-1997 tropical ozone trends are believed to originate from enhanced upwelling which, it is often stated, would be driven by increasing concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases. Using simple arguments based on observational evidence after 1997, combined with model integrations with incrementally added single forcings, we argue that ozone depleting substances, not well-mixed greenhouse gases, have been the primary driver of temperature and ozone trends in the tropical lower stratosphere until 1997, and this has occurred because ozone depleting substances are key drivers of tropical upwelling and of the entire Brewer-Dobson circulation.

1997 Michigan traffic crash facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-05-01

The 1997 traffic fatality count was 1,446, down 3.9 percent from the 1996 figure of 1,505. : Compared with 1996, injuries were down 3.5 percent and total crashes were down 2.2 : percent. These figures translated into a death rate of 1.6 per 100 milli...

Information Technology and Disabilities, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNulty, Tom, Ed.

1997-01-01

Articles published during 1997 include: "The Multi-Disability Workstation for Small Libraries" (Dick Banks and Steve Noble); "Talking Books: Toward a Digital Model" (John Cookson and others); "World Wide Access: Focus on Libraries" (Sheryl Burgstahler); "The Virtual Library: Collaborative Data Exchange and Electronic Text Delivery" (Steve Noble);…

Performance profiles of major energy producers, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1999-01-01

The energy industry generally and petroleum and natural gas operations in particular are frequently reacting to a variety of unsettling forces. Falling oil prices, economic upswings, currency devaluations, increasingly rigorous environmental quality standards, deregulation of electricity markets, and continued advances in exploration and production technology were among the challenges and opportunities to the industry in 1997. To analyze the extent to which these and other developments have affected energy industry financial and operating performance, strategies, and industry structure, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) maintains the Financial Reporting Systems (FRS). Through Form EIA-28, major US energy companies annually report to themore » FRS. Financial and operating information is reported by major lines of business, including oil and gas production (upstream), petroleum refining and marketing (downstream), other energy operations, and nonenergy business. Performance Profiles of Major Producers 1997 examines the interplays of energy markets, companies` strategies, and government policies (in 1997 and in historical context) that gave rise to the results given here. The report also analyzes other key aspects of energy company financial performance as seen through the multifaceted lens provided by the FRS data and complementary data for industry overall. 41 figs., 77 tabs.« less

Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cressler, A.M.

1998-01-01

Ground-water conditions in Georgia during 1997 and for the period of record were evaluated using data from ground-water-level and ground-water-quality monitoring networks. Data for 1997 included in this report are from continuous water-level records from 71 wells and chloride analyses from 14 wells. In 1997, annual mean ground-water levels in Georgia ranged from 6.2 feet (ft) lower to 5.6 ft higher than in 1996. Of the 71 wells summarized in this report, 23 wells had annual mean water levels that were higher, 35 wells had annual mean water levels that were lower, and 11 wells had annual mean water levels that were about the same in 1997 as during 1996. Data for two wells are incomplete because data collection was discontinued at one well, and the equipment was vandalized at one well. Record-low daily mean water levels were recorded in six wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer, one well tapping the Caliborne aquifer, two wells tapping the Clayton aquifer, and three wells tapping Cretaceous aquifers. These record lows were from 0.2 to 5.6 ft lower than previous record lows. Chloride concentration in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer in most of coastal Georgia was within drinking-water standards established by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the Savannah area, chloride concentration has not changed appreciably with time. However, chloride concentration in water from some wells that tap the Floridan aquifer system in the Brunswick area exceeds the drinking-water standard. Ground-water-level and ground-water-quality data are essential for water assessment and management. Ground-water-level fluctuations and trends can be used to estimate changes in aquifer storage resulting from the effects of ground-water withdrawal and recharge from precipitation. These data can be used to address water-management needs and to evaluate the effects of management and conservation programs. As part of the ground

Illinois crash facts and statistics, 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This publication, Illinois Traffic Crash Facts : and Statistics for 1997, is designed to serve : your needs in researching and reviewing : motor vehicle crash involvement in Illinois. : Illinois continues to work to reduce traffic : deaths and ...

Indigenous Affairs = Asuntos Indigenas, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indigenous Affairs, 1997

1997-01-01

This document contains the three 1997 English-language issues of Indigenous Affairs and the three corresponding issues in Spanish. (The last two quarterly issues were combined.) These periodicals provide a resource on the history, current conditions, and struggles for self-determination and human rights of indigenous peoples around the world.…

State Issues Report, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO.

This report profiles legislative action affecting pre-K-12 education in the 50 states during the 1997-98 school year. The information was collected from Lexis-Nexis, legislative staff, state newsletters, school board/teacher associations, and various media. The resulting report, compiled by the Education Commission of the States Information…

1998 Army Modernization Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Biological (CB) Protective Duty Uniform (STO) • Biometrics (SRO) • Nanoscience (SRO) • Millimeter Wave Material and Dissemination Technology... Biometrics and Nanoscience SROs will enable the development of advanced NBC detection and characterization systems, including the exploitation of biologically...Requirements Trailers • Procure HEMAT Trailers Figure K-23 K-19 //;<?. U.S. Army 1997Modernization Plan This final fleet assessment, made against the

Eclipse project QF-106 and C-141A takeoff on first tethered flight December 20, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

TOW ROPE TAKEOFF - The Kelly Space & Technology (KST)/USAF Eclipse project's modified QF-106 and a USAF C-141A takeoff for the project's first tethered flight on December 20, 1997. The successful 18-minute-long flight reached an altitude of 10,000 feet. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, hosted the project, providing engineering and facility support as well as the project pilot. In 1997 and 1998, the Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards, California, supported and hosted a Kelly Space & Technology, Inc. project called Eclipse, which sought to demonstrate the feasibility of a reusable tow-launch vehicle concept. The project goal was to successfully tow, inflight, a modified QF-106 delta-wing aircraft with an Air Force C-141A transport aircraft. This would demonstrate the possibility of towing and launching an actual launch vehicle from behind a tow plane. Dryden was the responsible test organization and had flight safety responsibility for the Eclipse project. Dryden provided engineering, instrumentation, simulation, modification, maintenance, range support, and research pilots for the test program. The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards, California, supplied the C-141A transport aircraft and crew and configured the aircraft as needed for the tests. The AFFTC also provided the concept and detail design and analysis as well as hardware for the tow system and QF-106 modifications. Dryden performed the modifications to convert the QF-106 drone into the piloted EXD-01 (Eclipse eXperimental Demonstrator-01) experimental aircraft. Kelly Space & Technology hoped to use the results gleaned from the tow test in developing a series of low-cost, reusable launch vehicles. These tests demonstrated the validity of towing a delta-wing aircraft having high wing loading, validated the tow simulation model, and demonstrated various operational procedures, such as ground processing of in-flight maneuvers and emergency abort scenarios.

Eclipse project closeup of QF-106 under tow on takeoff on first flight December 20, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

OFF THE GROUND - The Kelly Space & Technology (KST)/USAF/NASA Eclipse project's modified QF-106 lifts off under tow on the project's first tethered flight on December 20, 1997. The successful 18-minute-long flight reached an altitude of 10,000 feet. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, hosted the project, providing engineering and facility support as well as the project pilot. In 1997 and 1998, the Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards, California, supported and hosted a Kelly Space & Technology, Inc. project called Eclipse, which sought to demonstrate the feasibility of a reusable tow-launch vehicle concept. The project goal was to successfully tow, inflight, a modified QF-106 delta-wing aircraft with an Air Force C-141A transport aircraft. This would demonstrate the possibility of towing and launching an actual launch vehicle from behind a tow plane. Dryden was the responsible test organization and had flight safety responsibility for the Eclipse project. Dryden provided engineering, instrumentation, simulation, modification, maintenance, range support, and research pilots for the test program. The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards, California, supplied the C-141A transport aircraft and crew and configured the aircraft as needed for the tests. The AFFTC also provided the concept and detail design and analysis as well as hardware for the tow system and QF-106 modifications. Dryden performed the modifications to convert the QF-106 drone into the piloted EXD-01 (Eclipse eXperimental Demonstrator-01) experimental aircraft. Kelly Space & Technology hoped to use the results gleaned from the tow test in developing a series of low-cost, reusable launch vehicles. These tests demonstrated the validity of towing a delta-wing aircraft having high wing loading, validated the tow simulation model, and demonstrated various operational procedures, such as ground processing of in-flight maneuvers and emergency abort scenarios.

Southern pulpwood production, 1998

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Carolyn D. Steppleton

2000-01-01

In 1998, the South's production of pulpwood declined 2 percent to 74.7 million cords. Roundwood production dropped to 52.7 million cords and accounted for 71 percent of the total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue increased to 21.9 million cords. Alabama leads the South in total production, number of mills, and pulping capacity. Currently, 103 mills are...

Inequalities in Toothbrushing among Adolescents in Scotland 1998-2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levin, K. A.; Currie, C.

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine trends in toothbrushing and inequalities in toothbrushing among girls and boys in Scotland between 1998 and 2006. A secondary aim was to investigate the association between the health promoting school (HPS) initiative and toothbrushing. Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 1998, 2002 and 2006…

KidsCount in Colorado! 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shulman, Shanna

This 1997 Kids Count report examines challenges to Colorado children and youth and how prevention and early intervention can enhance their well-being. The report includes a summary of recent research on brain development and the importance of early experience and stimulation in early intervention programs. The levels of state funding for various…

Long Range Plan, 1997-2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania Coll. of Technology, Williamsport. Office of Strategic Planning and Research.

At Pennsylvania College of Technology (PCT), long range planning is used to define institutional philosophy and mission and determine strategies to make the best use of available resources and implement actions to fulfill institutional mission. This document presents PCT's long-range plan for 1997-2000 in three parts. The first part describes long…

Hubble Against Earth Horizon 1997

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-10-10

The Hubble Space Telescope hovers at the boundary of Earth and space in this picture, taken after Hubble second servicing mission in 1997. Hubble drifts 353 miles (569 km) above the Earth's surface, where it can avoid the atmosphere and clearly see objects in space. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18165

The 1998 Canadian Contraception Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher, William A.; Boroditsky, Richard; Bridges, Martha L.

1999-01-01

Describes the 1998 Canadian Contraception Study, a mailed survey which asked women about contraceptive practices past, present, and future (including use of oral contraceptives, condoms, and sterilization); familiarity with and opinion about different contraception methods; and general sexual and reproductive health. The paper also examines…

Traffic safety facts 1998 : pedestrians

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

In 1998, 5,220 pedestrians were killed in traffic crashes in the United States - a decrease of 24 percent from the 6,870 pedestrians killed in 1988. On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes. There were 69,000 pedestrian...

Traffic safety facts 1998 : pedestrian

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

In 1998, 5,220 pedestrians were killed in traffic crashes in the United States - a decrease of 24% from the 6,870 pedestrians killed in 1988. On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes. There were 69,000 pedestrians injur...

Is signal detection theory fundamentally flawed? A response to Balakrishnan (1998a, 1998b, 1999).

PubMed

Treisman, Michel

2002-12-01

For nearly 50 years, signal detection theory (SDT; Green & Swvets, 1966; Macmillan & Creelman, 1991) has been of central importance in the development of psychophysics and other areas of psychology. The theory has recently been challenged by Balakrishnan (1998b), who argues that, within SDT, an alternative index is "better justified" than d' and who claims to show (1998a, 1999) that SDT is fundamentally flawed and should be rejected. His evidence is based on new nonparametric measures that he has introduced and applied to experimental data. He believes his results show that basic assumptions of SDT are not supported-in particular, that payoff and probability manipulations do not affect the position of the decision criterion. In view of the importance of SDT in psychology, these claims deserve careful examination. They are critically reviewed here. It appears that it is Balakrishnans arguments that fail, and not SDT

Genomic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT160 Associated with a 14-Year Outbreak, New Zealand, 1998–2012

PubMed Central

Benschop, Jackie; Biggs, Patrick J.; Marshall, Jonathan C.; Hayman, David T.S.; Carter, Philip E.; Midwinter, Anne C.; Mather, Alison E.; French, Nigel P.

2017-01-01

During 1998–2012, an extended outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 160 (DT160) affected >3,000 humans and killed wild birds in New Zealand. However, the relationship between DT160 within these 2 host groups and the origin of the outbreak are unknown. Whole-genome sequencing was used to compare 109 Salmonella Typhimurium DT160 isolates from sources throughout New Zealand. We provide evidence that DT160 was introduced into New Zealand around 1997 and rapidly propagated throughout the country, becoming more genetically diverse over time. The genetic heterogeneity was evenly distributed across multiple predicted functional protein groups, and we found no evidence of host group differentiation between isolates collected from human, poultry, bovid, and wild bird sources, indicating ongoing transmission between these host groups. Our findings demonstrate how a comparative genomic approach can be used to gain insight into outbreaks, disease transmission, and the evolution of a multihost pathogen after a probable point-source introduction. PMID:28516864

U.S. Department of Transportation : FY 1998 budget in brief

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The fiscal year (FY) 1998 budget request for DOT makes a down payment on meeting the : transportation challenges of the 21st century. A total of $38.4 billion is proposed to support : transportation programs in FY 1998. This is approximately one perc...

Factors Predicting Lawsuits against Nursing Homes in Florida 1997-2001

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Christopher E.; Dobalian, Aram; Burkhard, Janet; Hedgecock, Deborah K.; Harman, Jeffrey

2004-01-01

Purpose: We explore how nursing home characteristics affect the number of lawsuits filed against the facilities in Florida during the period from 1997 to 2001. Design and Methods: We examined data from 478 nursing homes in 30 Florida counties from 1997 to 2001. We obtained the data from Westlaw's Adverse Filings: Lawsuits database, the Online…

Fire in the Vegetation and Peatlands of Borneo, 1997-2007: Patterns, Drivers and Emissions from Biomass Burning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spessa, Allan; Weber, Ulrich; Langner, Andreas; Siegert, Florian; Heil, Angelika

2010-05-01

The peatland forests of equatorial SE Asia cover over 20 Mha with most located in Indonesia. Indonesian peatlands are globally one of the largest near-surface reserves of terrestrial organic carbon, with peat deposits of up to 20m thick and an estimated carbon storage of 55-61 Gt. The destructive fires in Indonesia during the exceptionally strong drought of late 1997 and early 1998 mark some of the largest peak emissions events in recorded history of global fires. Past studies estimate that about 1Gt of carbon was released to the atmosphere from the Indonesian fires in 1997- equivalent to 14% of the average global annual fossil fuel emissions released during the 1990s. Previous studies have established a non-linear negative correlation between fires and antecedent rainfall in Borneo, with ENSO-driven droughts being identified as the main cause of below-average rainfall events over the past decade or so. However, while these studies suggest that this non-linear relationship is mediated by ignitions associated with land use and land cover change (LULCC), they have not demonstrated it. A clear link between fires and logging in Borneo has been reported, but this work was restricted to eastern Kalimantan and the period 1997-98. The relationship between fires, emissions, rainfall and LULCC across the island of Borneo therefore remains to be examined using available fine resolution data over a multi-year period. Using rainfall data, up-to-date peat maps and state-of-the art satellite sensor data to determine burnt area and deforestation patterns over the decade 1997-2007, we show at a pixel working resolution of 0.25 degrees the following: Burning across Borneo predominated in southern Kalimantan. Fire activity is negatively and non-linearly correlated to rainfall mainly in pixels that have undergone a significant reduction in forest cover, and that the bigger the reduction, the stronger the correlation. Such pixels occur overwhelmingly in southern Kalimantan. These

Arizona motor vehicle crash facts, 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

This publication is a statistical review of the motor vehicle crashes in the State of Arizona for calendar year 1997. The results are : compiled from Arizona Traffic Accident Reports submitted to the Arizona Department of Transportation by state, cou...

Wyoming Kids Count Factbook, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Kids Count, Cheyenne.

This Kids Count factbook details statewide trends in the well-being of Wyoming's children. The 1997 report has been expanded to include detailed information on the status of children by categories of welfare, health, and education. The first part of the factbook documents trends by county for 15 indicators: (1) poverty and population; (2)…

Building Partnerships. Inter-American Foundation: 1997 in Review, October 1, 1996 to September 30, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inter-American Foundation, Arlington, VA.

This report summarizes 1997 activities of the Inter-American Foundation (IAF), an independent agency of the U.S. government. The IAF promotes equitable, participatory, and sustainable self-help development in Latin America and the Caribbean by awarding grants directly to local organizations, as well as by entering into partnerships with public-…

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Channel Interference," Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998. Erdogan , V, "Time Domain Simulation of MPSK Communications System...1998, several new user interface screens have been designed. Software for reading data from analog tape has been completed and interfaced to the

Virtual Knowledge: The Best Buys in 1998 CD-ROM Encyclopedias.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burg, Barbara; Kautzman, Amy M.

1998-01-01

Discusses questions to consider and features to look for in selecting a CD-ROM encyclopedia. Reviews Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98 Multimedia Edition, Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia 1998, Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia, and Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1998. Contact information, price, and system requirements are listed. (JAK)

The 1997 Every Secondary Student Survey: Preliminary Findings. No. 227.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheng, Maisy; Yau, Maria

This report provides a snapshot of the former Toronto (Ontario, Canada) secondary schools as they were in the spring of 1997. The 1997 survey of secondary school students is the ninth in a series going back to 1970. Data from these surveys is used in identifying student needs and developing programs to help students of all backgrounds to achieve…

Chromium Recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Papp, John F.

2001-01-01

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the extent to which chromium was recycled in the United States in 1998 and to identify chromium-recycling trends. The major use of chromium was in the metallurgical industry to make stainless steel; substantially less chromium was used in the refractory and chemical industries. In this study, the only chromium recycling reported was that which was a part of stainless steel scrap reuse. In 1998, 20 percent of the U.S. apparent consumption of chromium was secondary (from recycling); the remaining 80 percent was based on net chromium commodity imports and stock adjustments. Chromite ore was not mined in the United States in 1998. In 1998, 75,300 metric tons (t) of chromium contained in old scrap was consumed in the United States; it was valued at $66.4 million. Old scrap generated contained 132,000 t of chromium. The old scrap recycling efficiency was 87 percent, and the recycling rate was 20 percent. About 18,000 t of chromium in old scrap was unrecovered. New scrap consumed contained 28,600 t of chromium, which yielded a new-to-old-scrap ratio of 28:72. U.S. chromium-bearing stainless steel scrap net exports were valued at $154 million and were estimated to have contained 41,000 t of chromium.

[Drug expenditures of pensioners in 1997-2000].

PubMed

Swistak, Piotr; Błońska-Fajfrowska, Barbara

2003-01-01

The general purpose of the study, carried out in the group of pensioners was to determine the relation between drug prices, household income and amounts of money spent on drugs in the years 1997-2000. The study was based on representative data gathered from annual household budgets review by Polish Statistical Office and data from pharmaceutical market published in 'Vitamina C++' magazine. The used method combined descriptive, comparative, table-descriptive analysis with graphical analysis. During studied period the real value of expenses on drugs in pensioners' households rose by 39.3% and available income decreased by 5.8%. Increased expenses on drugs caused the rise of the proportion of on spending on drugs in total household expenditure. It rose from 3.9% in 1997 to 5.2% in 2000. Throughout this time period the drug prices increased in real terms: the highest growth (approx. 49%) was noticed in patients' co-payment to reimbursed drugs. Despite rise in spending on drugs, due to the increase in drug retail prices and increasing patients co-payment, pensioners in comparison with 1997, could buy only approx. 93% units of reimbursed drugs in 2000. The possibility of buying drugs within OTC group increased by 18%.

1997 New Mexico traffic crash information

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-06-01

This edition of New Mexico Traffic Crash Information reviews : traffic crash data in New Mexico from January through : December, 1997. It presents crash data in the form of graphs : for those who prefer an impressionistic view and tables for : those ...

Tornado disaster -- Texas, May 1997.

PubMed

1997-11-14

On May 27, 1997, multiple tornadoes swept through Williamson and Travis counties in central Texas. The tornadoes caused 32 injuries, 29 deaths, and an estimated $20 million in personal and commercial insured losses. This report summarizes the injuries and deaths associated with these tornadoes based on information from emergency department and hospital records and death certificates.

The Esalen Catalog, 1993-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Esalen Inst., Big Sur, CA.

This document consists of a compilation of the 14 issues of "The Esalen Catalog" published during the 5-year period 1993-1997. An earlier compilation (ED 347 118 in the ERIC database) covering the 30-year period 1962-1992, describes the geographic location, history, and purpose of the Esalen Institute. Esalen provides a forum in which…

Bachelor's Degree Recipients Report, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulvey, Patrick J.; Nicholson, Starr

1998-01-01

This report analyzes data on bachelor's degree recipients in physics or astronomy in 1997. Data are from a survey of senior-level physics majors (n=1,696) and the American Institute of Physics' Enrollments and Degrees Survey, and include text, tables, and graphs. The report notes that: (1) the number of undergraduates who received bachelor's…

Births: Final Data for 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ventura, Stephanie J.; Martin, Joyce A.; Curtin, Sally C.; Matthews, T. J.; Park, Melissa M.

2000-01-01

This report presents 1998 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics, including: (1) age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; (2) maternal lifestyle and health characteristics, such as medical risk factors, weight…

Women in Higher Education, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenniger, Mary Dee Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the twelve consecutive numbers of the newsletter "Women in Education", published during 1998. This newsletter focus on issues concerned with women students, women faculty, and women administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news items, and profiles of significant people. Feature articles…

Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge: 1997 Academic Award

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge 1997 award winner, Professor Joseph M. DeSimone, developed surfactants that allow carbon dioxide to be a solvent for chemical manufacturing, replacing hazardous chemical solvents.

The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKinney, Bruce C.

1997-01-01

This 1997 issue of "The Carolinas Speech Communication Annual" contains the following articles: "'Bridges of Understanding': UNESCO's Creation of a Fantasy for the American Public" (Michael H. Eaves and Charles F. Beadle, Jr.); "Developing a Communication Cooperative: A Student, Faculty, and Organizational Learning…

Firth and Wagner (1997): New Ideas or a New Articulation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gass, Susan M.; Lee, Junkyu; Roots, Robin

2007-01-01

This article begins with a review of second language acquisition research leading up to the 1997 article by Firth and Wagner. We argue that the Firth and Wagner article did not represent a new direction, but rather continued a type of argumentation that was already prevalent in the field at the time of the 1997 publication. We identify 3 issues as…

The National Study of the Changing Workforce, 1997. No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bond, James T.; Galinsky, Ellen; Swanberg, Jennifer E.

The 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) surveyed 2,877 employees regarding the relationship between workers' lives on and off the job and changes in the nature of work. The report also provides a historical perspective by comparing data from 1997 with data from the 1992 NSCW and from the U.S. Department of Labor's 1977 Quality of…

Youth tobacco surveillance--United States, 1998-1999.

PubMed

2000-10-13

Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately, 430,000 deaths each year. The prevalence of cigarette smoking nationwide among high school students increased during the 1990s, peaking in 1996-1997, then began a gradual decline. Approximately 80% of tobacco users initiate use before the age of 18 years. If the trend in early initiation of cigarette smoking continues, approximately 5 million children aged <18 years who are living today will die prematurely as adults because they began to smoke cigarettes during adolescence. The economic liability associated with tobacco use ranges from $50 billion to $73 billion per year in medical expenses alone. Because of these health and economic consequences, CDC has recommended that states establish and maintain comprehensive tobacco control programs to reduce tobacco use among youth. February 1998 through December 1999. To assist states in developing and maintaining their state-based comprehensive tobacco prevention and control programs, CDC developed the Youth Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation System, which includes international, national, and state school-based surveys of middle school and high school students. Two components of this system are discussed--the National Youth Tobacco Survey and the state Youth Tobacco Surveys. The national survey is representative of students in the 50 states and the District of Columbia; 15,061 students in 131 schools completed questionnaires in 1999. The state surveys were first conducted in 1998, when three states participated, and in 1999, when 13 states participated (13 states conducted middle school surveys and 10 states conducted high school surveys); state sample sizes ranged from 452 to 15,478 students. This report summarizes data from the 1999 national survey and the 1998 and 1999 state surveys. Findings from the National Youth Tobacco Survey show current tobacco use ranges from 12.8% among middle school students to

Illinois crash facts and statistics, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

This publication, Illinois Traffic Crash Facts : and Statistics for 1998, is designed to serve : your needs in researching and reviewing : motor vehicle crash involvement in Illinois. : Illinois continues to work to reduce traffic : deaths and ...

The Condition of Education 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wirt, John; Snyder, Tom; Sable, Jennifer; Choy, Susan P.; Bae, Yupin; Stennett, Janis; Gruner, Allison; Perie, Marianne

The current status of education for 1998 is presented as an indicator report, analyzing key data that measure the health of education, monitor important developments, and show trends in major aspects of education. The report first presents three "Issues in Focus": "College Access and Affordability"; "Progress in the Educational Achievement of…

English Leadership Quarterly, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiernan, Henry, Ed.

1999-01-01

This journal, a publication of the National Council of Teachers of English Conference on English Leadership, publishes articles on topics of interest to those in positions of leadership in departments (elementary, secondary, or college) where English is taught. Articles in Volume 21, Number 1, August 1998 are: "Problem-Based Leadership: A…

Selected Reference Books of 1998-99.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIlvaine, Eileen

1999-01-01

Presents an annotated bibliography of selected reference books published between 1998 and 1999 under subject headings for biography, journalism, mythology, languages and literature, architecture and city planning, political science, economics, history, and new editions and supplements. (LRW)

Indigenous Affairs = Asuntos Indigenas, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indigenous Affairs, 1998

1998-01-01

This document contains the four 1998 English-language issues of Indigenous Affairs and the four corresponding issues in Spanish. These periodicals provide a resource on the history, current conditions, and struggles for self-determination and human rights of indigenous peoples around the world. The first issue is a theme issue on the indigenous…

Deaths: Final Data for 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Sherry L.

2000-01-01

This report presents final 1998 data on U.S. deaths and death rates according to demographic and medical characteristics such as age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, state of residence, and cause of death. Trends and patterns in general mortality, life expectancy, and infant and maternal…

Campus Child Care News, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Marion F., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the three 1998 issues of a newsletter disseminating information on the National Coalition for Campus Child Care Centers (NCCCC) and providing a forum for news, research, and information concerning campus child care centers. The February issue contains stories on the White House Conference on Child Care, registration…

United States Air Force Statistical Digest, Fiscal Year 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS (% OF GDP/GRAPH) DEFENSE OUTLAYS vs. PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS (% OF FEDERAL OUTLAYS) B-1 8 B-2 9 B-3 10 B-4 11 B-5 12...rounding. (2) Includes purchases of federal, state, and local governments. SOURCE: Economic Indicators, January 1998, Monthly report prepared for...January 1998, Monthly report prepared for the Joint Economic Committee by the Council of Economic Advisers, Gross Domestic Product, p. 1. OPR: SAF/FMCEE

1997 Research Reports: NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hosler, E. Ramon (Editor); Buckingham, Gregg (Editor)

1997-01-01

This document is a collection of technical reports on research conducted by the participants in the 1997 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). This was the 13th year that a NASA/ASEE program has been conducted at KSC. The 1997 program was administered by the University of Central Florida in cooperation with KSC. The program was operated under the auspices of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) with sponsorship and funding from the Education Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C., and KSC. The KSC Program was one of nine such Aeronautics and Space Research Programs funded by NASA in 1997. The NASA/ASEE Program is intended to be a two-year program to allow in-depth research by the university faculty member. The editors of this document were responsible for selecting appropriately qualified faculty to address some of the many problems of current interest to NASA/KSC.

Tantalum recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cunningham, Larry D.

2001-01-01

This report describes the flow of tantalum in the United States in 1998 with emphasis on the extent to which tantalum was recycled/reused. Tantalum was mostly recycled from new scrap that was generated during the manufacture of tantalum-related electronic components and new and old scrap products of tantalum-containing cemented carbides and superalloys. In 1998, about 210 metric tons of tantalum was recycled/reused, with about 43% derived from old scrap. The tantalum recycling rate was calculated to be 21%, and tantalum scrap recycling efficiency, 35%.

Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Czech Schoolchildren from 1998 to 2014.

PubMed

Hamřík, Zdeněk; Sigmundová, Dagmar; Pavelka, Jan; Kalman, Michal; Sigmund, Erik

2017-07-01

Overweight and obesity in adolescents is associated with many health risks and considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2014. Data from five self-reported survey rounds (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) were used to assess trends in overweight and obesity among Czech adolescents. The total sample consisted of 19,103 adolescents (51.2% girls). A logistic regression analysis was used to assess trends in different age and gender categories. From 1998 to 2014 a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among boys in all age categories (11 years old 22.2% 1998 - 28.3% 2014 ; 13 years old 17.9% 1998 - 26.7% 2014 ; 15 years old 9.8% 1998 - 20.8% 2014 ) and among 15-year-old girls (6.0% 1998 - 10.9% 2014 ). None of the age and gender categories showed an overall decrease over the 16-year period. In boys, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher with steeper negative trends compared with girls. However, stabilization in overweight rates was observed between 2010 and 2014 in all age and gender groups. Nationally representative self-reported data show a significant increase in overweight (including obesity) prevalence among children from 1998 to 2014 in the Czech Republic. The results also suggest stabilization in overweight prevalence between 2010 and 2014. Continuing research is needed to determine future trends while interventions aimed at reducing overweight and obesity in children should be implemented on different levels of public policy. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

Polio eradication initiative in Afghanistan, 1997-2013.

PubMed

Simpson, Diane M; Sadr-Azodi, Nahad; Mashal, Taufiq; Sabawoon, Wrishmeen; Pardis, Ajmal; Quddus, Arshad; Garrigos, Carmen; Guirguis, Sherine; Zahoor Zaidi, Syed Sohail; Shaukat, Shahzad; Sharif, Salmaan; Asghar, Humayan; Hadler, Stephen C

2014-11-01

This article reviews the epidemiology of polio, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, and the implementation of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) in Afghanistan from 1997 thru 2013. Published reports and unpublished national data on polio cases, AFP surveillance, and SIAs were analyzed. Recommendations from independent advisory groups and Afghan government informed the conclusions. From 1997 thru 2013, the annual number of confirmed polio cases fluctuated from a low of 4 in 2004 to a high of 80 in 2011. Wild poliovirus types 2 and 3 were last reported in 1997 and 2010, respectively. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 emerged in 2009. AFP surveillance quality in children aged <15 years improved over time, achieving rates>8 per 100,000 population. Since 2001, at least 6 SIAs have been conducted annually. Afghanistan has made progress moving closer to eliminating polio. The program struggles to reach all children because of management and accountability problems in the field, inaccessible populations, and inadequate social mobilization. Consequently, too many children are missed during SIAs. Afghanistan adopted a national emergency action plan in 2012 to address these issues, but national elimination will require consistent and complete implementation of proven strategies. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Mars atmospheric water vapor abundance: 1996-1997

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sprague, A. L.; Hunten, D. M.; Doose, L. R.; Hill, R. E.

2003-05-01

Measurements of martian atmospheric water vapor made throughout Ls = 18.0°-146.4° (October 3, 1996-July 12, 1997) show changes in Mars humidity on hourly, daily, and seasonal time scales. Because our observing program during the 1996-1997 Mars apparition did not include concomitant measurement of nearby CO 2 bands, high northern latitude data were corrected for dust and aerosol extinction assuming an optical depth of 0.8, consistent with ground-based and HST imaging of northern dust storms. All other measurements with airmass greater than 3.5 were corrected using a total optical depth of 0.5. Three dominant results from this data set are as follows: (1) pre- and post-opposition measurements made with the slit crossing many hours of local time on Mars' Earth-facing disk show a distinct diurnal pattern with highest abundances around and slightly after noon with low abundances in the late afternoon, (2) measurements of water vapor over the Mars Pathfinder landing site (Carl Sagan Memorial Station) on July 12, 1997, found 21 ppt μm in the spatial sector centered near 19° latitude, 36° longitude while abundances around the site varied from as low as 6 to as high as 28 ppt μm, and (3) water vapor abundance is patchy on hourly and daily time scales but follows the usual seasonal trends.

Geological monitoring of Surtsey, Iceland, 1967-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jakobsson, Sveinn P.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur; Moore, James G.

2000-01-01

Aspects of the geological monitoring of the volcanic island of Surtsey 1967-1998, are described. A hydrothermal system was developed within the tephra craters in late 1966 to early 1967. Temperatures in a drill hole, situated at the eastern border of the hydrothermal area, indicate that the hydrothermal system at that site has been cooling at an average rate of ≤ 1°C per year since 1980. The tephra was altered rapidly within the hydrothermal area, producing the first visible palagonite tuff in 1969. A substantial part of the tephra pile above sea level was probably converted to tuff by 1972. The visible area of tuff has gradually increased since then, primarily due to erosion of tephra at the surface. By 1998 52% of the exposed tephra area had been converted to palagonite tuff. By volume, however, some 80-85% of the tephra pile above sea level has been converted to tuff in 1998. The area of Surtsey has shrunk from its original 2.65 km2 (1967) to 1.47 km2 (1998) due to marine abrasion. The geological formations on Surtsey have, however, responded quite variably to erosion. The tephra pile was easily eroded, but marine abrasion. The central core of palagonite tuff is estimated to be ≤0.39 km2. Statistical estimation of models of the decreases of Surtsey indicate that it will last for a long time. The numerical experiments indicate that it will take over 100 years until only the palagonite tuff core is left. It is postulated that the final remnany of Surtsey before complete destruction will be a palagonite tuff crag, comparable to those of the other islands in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago.

Progress toward measles elimination—Philippines, 1998-2014.

PubMed

Takashima, Yoshihiro; Schluter, W William; Mariano, Kayla Mae L; Diorditsa, Sergey; de Quiroz Castro, Maricel; Ou, Alan C; Ducusin, Maria Joyce U; Garcia, Luzviminda C; Elfa, Dulce C; Dabbagh, Alya; Rota, Paul; Goodson, James L

2015-04-10

In 2005, the Regional Committee for the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR) established a goal to eliminate measles by 2012.The recommended elimination strategies in WPR include 1) ≥95% 2-dose coverage with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) through routine immunization services and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs); 2) high-quality case-based measles surveillance; 3) laboratory surveillance with timely and accurate testing of specimens to confirm or discard suspected cases and detect measles virus genotypes; and 4) measles outbreak preparedness, rapid response, and appropriate case management. In the WPR, the Philippines set a national goal in 1998 to eliminate measles by 2008. This report describes progress toward measles elimination in the Philippines during 1998-2014 and challenges remaining to achieve the goal. WHO-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)-estimated coverage with the routine first dose of MCV (MCV1) increased from 80% in 1998 to 90% in 2013, and coverage with the routine second dose of MCV (MCV2) increased from 10% after nationwide introduction in 2010 to 53% in 2013. After nationwide SIAs in 1998 and 2004, historic lows in the numbers and incidence of reported measles cases occurred in 2006. Despite nationwide SIAs in 2007 and 2011, the number of reported cases and incidence generally increased during 2007-2012, and large measles outbreaks occurred during 2013-2014 that affected infants, young children, older children, and young adults and that were prolonged by delayed and geographically limited outbreak response immunization activities during 2013-2014. For the goal of measles elimination in WPR to be achieved, sustained investments are required in the Philippines to strengthen health systems, implement the recommended elimination strategies, and develop additional strategies to identify and reduce measles susceptibility in specific geographic areas and older age groups.

Biennial Reporting System (BRS) data: Generation and management of hazardous waste, 1997 (preliminary)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1999-05-01

The product contains data compiled by the Biennial Reporting System (BRS) for the National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on 1997 data). The data were collected by states using the 1997 National Hazardous Waste Report Instructions and Forms (EPA Form 8700-13-A/B), or the state's equivalent information source. Data submitted by states prior to December 31, 1997 are included. Data for reports protected by RCRA Confidential Business Information (CBI) claims are not included. These data are preliminary and will be replaced by the final data. The data contain information describing the RCRA wastes generated and/or managed during 1997 by RCRAmore » Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) and RCRA Large Quantity Generators (LQGs). Data are reported by sites meeting the LQG and/or TSDF definitions. Sites are identified by their EPA/RCRA identification number. Response codes match those of the 1997 Hazardous Waste Report: Instructions and Forms (EPA Form 8700-13-A/B).« less

Evaluation of Calendar Year 1997 Groundwater and Surface Water Quality Data For The Upper East Fork Poplar Creek Hydrogeologic Regime At The U.S. Department of Energy Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, S.B.

1998-09-01

1 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report presents an evaluation of the groundwater quality monitoring data reported in: Calendar Year 1997 Annual Groundwatw Monitoring Report for the Upper East Fork Poplar Creek Hydrogeologtc Rep-meat the US. Department of Energy Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (AJA Technical Services, Inc. 1998), which is hereafter referenced as the Annual Monitoring Report. Section 2.0 presents background information for the Upper East Fork Poplar Creek Hydrogeologic Regime (East Fork Regime) that is relevant to data evaluation, including brief descriptions of the geology, the groundwater flow system, the contaminant source areas, and the extent of groundwater contamination inmore » the regime. Section 3.0 provides an overview of the groundwater sampling and analysis activities petiormed during calendar year (CY) 1997, including monitoring well locations, sampling frequency and methods, and laboratory analyses. Evaluation and interpretation of the monitoring da% described in Section 4.0, is generally focused on an overview of data quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), long-term concentration trends for selected inorganic, organic, and radiological contaminants, and consistency with applicable site-specific conceptual contaminant transport models described in: Report on the Remedial Investigation of the Upper East Fork Poplar Creek Characterization Area at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (U.S. Department of Energy 1998), which is referenced hereafter as the Remedial Investigation @I) Report. Findings of the data evaluations are summarized :in Section 5.0 and a list of technical reports and regulatory documents cited for more detailed irdormation (Section 6.0) concludes the report. All of the illustrations (maps and trend graphs) and data summary tables referenced in the text are presented in Appendm A and Appendix B, respectively. Appendix C provides a summary of the analytical results that meet applicable data quality objectives

1998-based national population projections for the United Kingdom and constituent countries.

PubMed

Shaw, C

2000-01-01

The 1998-based national population projections, carried out by the Government Actuary in consultation with the Registrars General, show the population of the United Kingdom rising from 59.2 million in 1998 to over 63.5 million by 2021. Longer-term projections suggest the population will peak around 2036 and then gradually start to fall. The population will become gradually older with the median age expected to rise from 36.9 years in 1998 to nearly 42 years by 2021. In 1998, there were 1.4 million (13 per cent) more children aged under 16, than people of pensionable age. However, by 2008, the population of pensionable age is projected to exceed the number of children.

Annual Procurement Report, Fiscal Year 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

This report presents summary data on all NASA procurement actions and detailed information on contracts, grants, agreements, and other procurements over $25,000 awarded by NASA during Fiscal Year 1997. The dollar value on procurements over $25,000 amounted to 98 percent of the total dollar value of procurement actions completed during Fiscal Year 1997. However, these larger procurements accounted for only 43 percent of the total actions. Procurement action, as used in this report means contractual actions to obtain supplies, services or construction which increase or decrease funds. A procurement action thus may be a new procurement or modifications such as supplemental agreements, change orders, or termination's to an existing contract that change the total amount of funds obligated. An obligation is a contractual commitment to pay for supplies or services that are specified in the contract. The Annual Procurement Report is also available via the internet on the Procurement homepage.

Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research (Arlington, Virginia, October 29-30, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fosburg, Linda B., Ed.; Dennis, Deborah L., Ed.

In 1998, one decade after the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act was implemented and research results on the impacts of funding were becoming available, an evaluation of the effectiveness of fifteen programs, which included services such as emergency shelter, primary health care, and education, was needed This report presents 13 papers…

Arizona motor vehicle crash facts, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This publication is a statistical review of the motor vehicle crashes in the State of Arizona for calendar year : 1998. The results are compiled from Arizona Traffic Accident Reports submitted to the Arizona : Department of Transportation by state, c...

Train the Trainer. Final Report. Fiscal Year 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TIU Adult Education and Job Training Center, Lewistown, PA.

A project designed an operational system and develop a skilled pool of trainers, in conjunction with Pennsylvania's Regional Professional Development Centers (PDCs), to deliver high-quality, uniform training modules in needed content areas to adult basic and literacy education (ABLE) staff throughout Pennsylvania. Procedures for identifying,…

SURVEILLANCE FOR WATERBORNE-DISEASE OUTBREAKS-UNITED STATES, 1997-1998

EPA Science Inventory

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data relating to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs). REPORTING PERIOD CO...

Semiannual Technical Summary, 1 October 1997-31 March 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

10 18 18 21 14 14 15 23 18 12 18 11 11 372 Mar 01 Sunday 61 23 17 17 21 16 14 13 4 13 11 3 10 20 19 10 11 9 9 6 20 10 22 10 7 315 Mar 02 Monday 62 17...25120106 732 Dec 22 Monday 357 57 42 73 47 43 37 36 40 20 23 33 25 19 62 48 55 61 53 74 57 84 65 29 13 1096 Dec 23 Tuesday 358 10 12 15 13 8 16 16 9 17...Dec 25 Thursday 360 184123 52 75124144131138137 71 61 39 21 45 19 14 25 42105 78 10 13 6 22 1679 Dec 26 Friday 361 61 42 49 50 96 53109 44 27 28 21

An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bultman, Mark W.; Gettings, Mark E.; Wynn, Jeff

1999-01-01

In March of 1997, an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation and immediate surrounds was conducted. This survey was sponsored by the U.S. Army and contracted through the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data were gathered by Geoterrex-Dighem Ltd. of Ottawa, Canada. The survey aircraft is surrounded by a coil through which a large current pulse is passed. This pulse induces currents in the Earth which are recorded by a set of three mutually perpendicular coils towed in a "bird" about 100 m behind and below the aircraft. The bird also records the Earth's magnetic field. The system samples the Earth response to the electromagnetic pulse about every 16 m along the aircraft flight path. For this survey, the bulk of the flightpaths were spaced about 400 m apart and oriented in a northeast-southwest direction extending from bedrock over the Huachuca Mountains to bedrock over the Tombstone Hills. A preliminary report on the unprocessed data collected in the field was delivered to the U.S. Army by USGS in July 1997 (USGS Open-File Report 97–457). The final data were delivered in March, 1998 by the contractor to USGS and thence to the U.S. Army. The present report represents the final interpretive report from USGS. The objectives of the survey were to: 1) define the structure of the San Pedro basin in the Sierra Vista-Fort Huachuca-Huachuca City area, including the depth and shape of the basin, and to delineate large faults that may be active within the basin fill and therefore important in the hydrologic regime; 2) define near surface and subsurface areas that contain a large volume fraction of silt and clay in the basin fill and which both reduce the volume of available storage for water and reduce the permeability of the aquifer; and 3) to evaluate the use of the time domain electromagnetic method in the southwest desert setting as a means of mapping depth to water.

1998 New Mexico traffic crash information

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

This edition of New Mexico Traffic Crash Information reviews : traffic crash data in New Mexico from January through : December, 1998. It presents crash data in the form of graphs : for those who prefer an impressionistic view and tables for : those ...

Michigan Library Statistical Report. 1997 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Library, Lansing.

This 1997 edition focuses on statistical data supplied by Michigan public libraries, public library cooperatives, and those public libraries which serve as regional or subregional outlets for blind and physically handicapped patrons. Statistics on academic libraries are also presented in this edition, and summary statistics for prior fiscal years…

CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. September 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for September 2-29, 1997, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student…

NIDRR Program Directory, Fiscal Year 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

KRA Corp., Silver Spring, MD.

This directory lists all projects funded by the National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) during the 1997 fiscal year. It includes summaries, funding data, and contact information for a broad range of programs. Programs are grouped into the following categories: (1) research and demonstration projects; (2) rehabilitation…

The Journal of Educational Relations, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holliday, Albert E., Ed.; Holliday, Joan M., Ed.

1997-01-01

This document consists of four issues of the "Journal of Educational Relations" published quarterly during 1997, and devoted to promoting student achievement through positive school-home-community relationships. The first issue of this volume reprints papers originally presented at a 1967 conference cosponsored by Project Public Information and…

Child Rights Information Network Newsletter, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purbrick, Becky, Ed.

1997-01-01

These three newsletter issues communicate activities of the Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) and report on information resources and worldwide activities concerning children and child rights. The January 1997 issue profiles CRIN members in Costa Rica, Tanzania, Germany, and Switzerland; and provides updates on the activities of projects…

MSFC Stream Model Preliminary Results: Modeling the 1998-2002 Leonid Encounters and the 1993,1994, and 2004 Perseid Encounters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moser, D. E.; Cooke, W. J.

2004-01-01

The cometary meteoroid ejection models of Jones (1996) and Crifo (1997) were used to simulate ejection from comets 55P/Tempel-Tuttle during the last 12 revolutions, and the 1862, 1737, and 161 0 apparitions of 1 OSP/Swift-Tuttle. Using cometary ephemerides generated by the JPL HORIZONS Solar System Data and Ephemeris Computation Service, ejection was simulated in 1 hour time steps while the comet was within 2.5 AU of the Sun. Also simulated was ejection occurring at the hour of perihelion passage. An RK4 variable step integrator was then used to integrate meteoroid position and velocity forward in time, accounting for the effects of radiation pressure, Poynting-Robertson drag, and the gravitational forces of the planets, which were computed using JPL's DE406 planetary ephemerides. An impact parameter is computed for each particle approaching the Earth, and the results are compared to observations of the 1998-2002 Leonid showers, and the 1993-1 994 Perseids. A prediction for Earth's encounter with the Perseid stream in 2004 is also presented.

Payment source and length of use among home health agency discharges.

PubMed

Han, Beth; Remsburg, Robin E; Lubitz, James; Goulding, Margie

2004-11-01

Our study compared (1) length of use among home health care (HHC) discharges with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance between 1991 and 2000 and (2) factors associated with length of HHC use among discharges with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance. Data were obtained from the 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000 National Home and Hospice Care Surveys (n = 18,416). Logistic regressions and stratified analyses by primary payment source were applied. After adjusting for covariates, Medicare HHC patients were from 0.52 to 0.75 times less likely to be discharged within 30 days in 1991-1996 than in 1997-1998. Medicaid patients were 0.37 times less likely to be discharged within 30 days in 1991-1992 than in 1997-1998. Patients with private insurance were 2.05 times more likely to be discharged within 30 days in 1993-1994 than in 1997-1998. No significant difference in length of use was found at the multivariate level between 1997-1998 and 1999-2000 among HHC patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance. Results for being discharged within 60 days were similar to these described above. Our study shows that length of HHC use among Medicare discharges decreased after the implementation of the Medicare interim payment system. We did not find a spillover effect of the Medicare interim payment system on length of HHC use among discharges with Medicaid or private health insurance. Our results can help health professionals and policy makers better understand the dynamic associations between payment systems and length of use of HHC services.