Sample records for kavandab uut phiseadust
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Hsieh, Teng-Fu; Chen, Chi-Cheng; Chang, Chao-Hsiang; Yu, Ai-Lin; Ma, Wen-Lung; Shyr, Chih-Rong
2013-07-01
Upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) is a rare yet aggressive urologic tumor with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis, resulting in high mortality. Chemotherapy has been used to prevent recurrence and treat metastatic UUT-UCCs. Although UUT-UCC is sensitive to chemotherapy, the patients' responses to therapy vary and the therapy outcome is unpredictable. Therefore, the identification of patients who are at high risk of failure in chemotherapy is important for accurate prognostication, patient counseling, and better therapy. We have obtained cells from UUT-UCC tumor tissues after surgery and established individual primary cultured cell lines, which were used to evaluate E-cadherin and Ki-67 proliferation marker expression and their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Differential Ki-67 expression and chemosensitivity were observed in these primary cultured cell lines, suggesting these types of UUT-UCC cell lines could provide a platform for determining prognostic makers and evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy. In conclusion, primary cultured cell lines from individual patients will be a great tool for evaluating and determining each individual's personalized chemotherapy course and for testing and screening new chemotherapeutic agents against UUT-UCCs. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Jabłonowski, Zbigniew; Kędzierski, Robert; Sosnowski, Marek
2011-01-01
Tumors originating from transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis and ureter are infrequent. Their course is asymptomatic at early stages of the disease, and diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment delayed. The aim of the study is to assess the results of treatment in patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas (UUT-TCC). Fifteen patients treated in 2005-2010 for UUT-TCC were qualified for the retrospective study. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, tumor location, clinical stage and histopathological characteristics of the tumors were assessed. Then, the instituted treatment and its results were analyzed. The average follow-up period was 51 month (range 6-65), UUT-TCC accounted for 6.7% of renal tumors treated. Concurrent treated vesical tumors were observed in 4 (26.7%) patients. Primary UUT-TCC was diagnosed in 10 (66.7%) patients. Radical surgery was performed in 10 (66.7%) patients, whereas 5 (33.3%) underwent sparing operations. Macroscopic hematuria was the predominant clinical symptom. In most cases T2-T3 clinical stage (60.0%) and high-grade (66.7%) were observed. Development of an upper urinary tract tumor after treatment of a vesical tumor was noted in 4 (26.7%) patients. During the follow-up period, urinary bladder carcinomas were diagnosed in 5 (33.3%) patients with primary upper urinary tract tumors. Nephroureterectomy remains the standard treatment for UUT-TCC. Organ-sparing surgery is possible in selected patients with low clinical stage and low grade tumors. Patients treated for urinary bladder carcinomas require regular monitoring of the upper urinary tract.
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Audenet, François; Yates, David R; Cussenot, Olivier; Rouprêt, Morgan
2013-05-01
Urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC) is a rare, aggressive urologic cancer with a propensity for multifocality, local recurrence, and metastasis. This review highlights the main chemotherapy regimens available for UUT-UCCs based on the recent literature. Data on urothelial malignancies and UUT-UCCs management in the literature were searched using MEDLINE and by matching the following key words: urinary tract cancer; urothelial carcinomas; upper urinary tract; carcinoma; transitional cell; renal pelvis; ureter; bladder cancer; chemotherapy; nephroureterectomy; adjuvant treatment; neoadjuvant treatment; recurrence; risk factors; and survival. No evidence level 1 information from prospective randomized trials was available. Because of its many similarities with bladder urothelial carcinomas, chemotherapy with a cisplatin-containing regimen is often proposed in patients with metastatic or locally advanced disease. Most teams have proposed a neoadjuvant or an adjuvant treatment based either on the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) or on gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC). These regimens have been shown to prolong survival moderately. All recent studies have included limited numbers of patients and have reported poor patient outcomes after both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Regarding metastatic UUT-UCCs, vinflunine has demonstrated moderate activity in these patients with a manageable toxicity. Interestingly, specific molecular markers [microsatellite instability (MSI), E-cadherin, HIF-1α, and RNA levels of the telomerase gene] can provide useful information that can help diagnose and determine patient prognosis in patients with UUT-UCC. Chemotherapy with a cisplatin-containing regimen is often proposed in patients with metastatic or locally advanced disease. However, there is no strong evidence that chemotherapy is effective due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of data in the current
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Cosentino, Marco; Palou, Joan; Gaya, Josep M; Breda, Alberto; Rodriguez-Faba, Oscar; Villavicencio-Mavrich, Humberto
2013-02-01
To investigate the existence of predictive factors for concomitant, primary UUT-UCC and BC. Upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) is a pan-urothelial disease of the transitional epithelial cells. Although several studies have shown the association of bladder recurrence following UUT-UCC, little is known on the incidence of concomitant UUT-UCC and bladder cancer (BC) without previous BC. A retrospective review of 673 patients diagnosed and treated for UUT-UCC was performed. Patients with history of BC were excluded. We investigated age, sex, location of the upper tract tumor (calyx, renal pelvis, upper ureter, mid-ureter, lower ureter), multifocality, clinical symptoms, tumor grade and pathological stage. Contingency tables and chi-square test were used for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for quantitative variables. 450 patients eligible for inclusion were identified. Of these, 76 (17 %) presented concomitant primary UUT-UCC and BC. Location of primary UUT-UCC was in calyx and/or renal pelvis in 25 patients (34 %), upper ureter 8 (11 %) and lower ureter 37 (49 %). In 6 patients (8 %), data were missing. Concomitant BC was found in 10, 18, and 33 % of patients with primary caliceal/renal pelvis, upper ureter and lower ureter UUT-UCC, respectively. On multivariate analysis, location of UUT-UCC was the only predictive factor for concomitant bladder tumor (OR: 1.7; 95 % CI, 1.007-2.906 p = 0.047). Our findings suggest that the possibility of concomitant BC in primary diagnosed patient with UUT-UCC is as high as 33 % and mainly depends on upper tract tumor location.
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Multidetector computed tomography urography for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial tumour.
Cowan, Nigel C; Turney, Ben W; Taylor, Nia J; McCarthy, Catherine L; Crew, Jeremy P
2007-06-01
To evaluate multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU) for diagnosing upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial tumour by comparison with retrograde ureteropyelography (RUP). MDCTU and RUP were used in a selected series of adult patients presenting with haematuria. Entry criteria were based on findings on intravenous urography and were chosen to ensure a high prevalence of UUT urothelial tumour to allow a valid retrospective comparison of the diagnostic techniques. MDCTU and RUP studies were scored for the presence and absence of UUT urothelial tumour by two radiologists, retrospectively and independently, and while unaware of the demographic and clinical information. The reference standards were the histopathology and clinical follow-up. MDCTU and RUP were used in 106 patients over a 24-month period. RUP was attempted in 151 of 212 UUTs; the corresponding MDCTU for each UUT was reviewed. MDCTU was a true-positive (TP) for urothelial tumour in 31, true-negative (TN) in 111, false-positive (FP) in eight and false-negative (FN) in one UUT, giving a sensitivity of 0.97, a specificity of 0.93, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.79 and a negative PV (NPV) of 0.99. RUP was technically successful and diagnostic in 96% of the UUTs (143/151). For diagnosing urothelial tumour, RUP was TP in 26, TN in 112, FP in four and FN in one UUT, giving a sensitivity of 0.97, specificity of 0.93, a PPV of 0.79 and NPV of 0.99. This study validates quantitatively the use of MDCTU for diagnosing UUT urothelial tumour.
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Audenet, François; Traxer, Olivier; Yates, David R; Cussenot, Olivier; Rouprêt, Morgan
2012-02-01
• To discuss how the development of new generation flexible ureterorenoscopes in combination with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) improves the assessment of urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC). • Ultimately, this may allow accurate tumour classification and the ability to select which patients would benefit from conservative treatment as opposed to radical surgery. • We conducted an exhaustive Pubmed literature search using a combination of keywords including: ureterorenoscopy, UUT-UCC diagnosis, PDD, narrow band imaging, conservative treatment UUT-UCC and molecular urinalysis. • We then selected salient high calibre articles relevant to our objective. • We give specific consideration to anatomical aspects of UUT-UCC investigation, PDD in UCC, aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, autofluorescence, narrow band imaging, molecular marker analysis and the recent advances in ureterorenoscopic technology. • The traditional pitfalls of UUT-UCC diagnosis, namely poor visualisation and difficulty in obtaining representative histological samples, are being circumvented by the introduction of modern digital flexible ureteroscopes that can be combined with PDD and molecular analysis to improve tumour classification, deferring to conservative treatment accordingly. • The accuracy of the diagnostic work-up of UUT-UCC is improving due to advances in technology, pharmaceutical agents and incorporation of molecular markers, all factors allowing us to characterise tumours of the UUT more definitively. © 2011 THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2011 BJU INTERNATIONAL.
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Liu, Zhenbang; Ng, Junxiang; Yuwono, Arianto; Lu, Yadong; Tan, Yung Khan
2017-01-01
To compare the staining intensity of the upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelium among three UUT delivery methods in an in vivo porcine model. A fluorescent dye solution (indigo carmine) was delivered to the UUT via three different methods: antegrade perfusion, vesico-ureteral reflux via indwelling ureteric stent and retrograde perfusion via a 5F open-ended ureteral catheter. Twelve renal units were tested with 4 in each method. After a 2-hour delivery time, the renal-ureter units were harvested en bloc. Time from harvesting to analysis was also standardised to be 2 hours in each arm. Three urothelium samples of the same weight and size were taken from each of the 6 pre-defined points (upper pole, mid pole, lower pole, renal pelvis, mid ureter and distal ureter) and the amount of fluorescence was measured with a spectrometer. The mean fluorescence detected at all 6 predefined points of the UUT urothelium was the highest for the retrograde method. This was statistically significant with p-value less than <0.05 at all 6 points. Retrograde infusion of UUT by an open ended ureteral catheter resulted in highest mean fluorescence detected at all 6 pre-defined points of the UUT urothelium compared to antegrade infusion and vesico-ureteral reflux via indwelling ureteric stents indicating retrograde method ideal for topical therapy throughout the UUT urothelium. More clinical studies are needed to demonstrate if retrograde method could lead to better clinical outcomes compared to the other two methods. Copyright® by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.
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Liu, Zhenbang; Ng, Junxiang; Yuwono, Arianto; Lu, Yadong; Tan, Yung Khan
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the staining intensity of the upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelium among three UUT delivery methods in an in vivo porcine model. Materials and methods: A fluorescent dye solution (indigo carmine) was delivered to the UUT via three different methods: antegrade perfusion, vesico-ureteral reflux via in-dwelling ureteric stent and retrograde perfusion via a 5F open-ended ureteral catheter. Twelve renal units were tested with 4 in each method. After a 2-hour delivery time, the renal-ureter units were harvested en bloc. Time from harvesting to analysis was also standardised to be 2 hours in each arm. Three urothelium samples of the same weight and size were taken from each of the 6 pre-defined points (upper pole, mid pole, lower pole, renal pelvis, mid ureter and distal ureter) and the amount of fluorescence was measured with a spectrometer. Results: The mean fluorescence detected at all 6 predefined points of the UUT urothelium was the highest for the retrograde method. This was statistically significant with p-value less than <0.05 at all 6 points. Conclusions: Retrograde infusion of UUT by an open ended ureteral catheter resulted in highest mean fluorescence detected at all 6 pre-defined points of the UUT urothelium compared to antegrade infusion and vesico-ureteral reflux via indwelling ureteric stents indicating retrograde method ideal for topical therapy throughout the UUT urothelium. More clinical studies are needed to demonstrate if retrograde method could lead to better clinical outcomes compared to the other two methods. PMID:29039888
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Evaluating the Operational Features of an Unconventional Dual-Bay U-Turn Design for Intersections.
Xiang, Yun; Li, Zhibin; Wang, Wei; Chen, Jingxu; Wang, Hao; Li, Ye
2016-01-01
Median U-turn intersection treatment (MUTIT) has been considered an alternative measure to reduce congestion and traffic conflict at intersection areas. The MUTIT is sometimes difficult to implement in the field because it requires wide median on arterials for U-turn vehicles. The objective of this study is to introduce an unconventional U-turn treatment (UUT) for intersections which requires less median space but is also effective. The UUT has a dual-bay design with different turning radiuses for small and large vehicles. The VISSIM simulation model was developed to evaluate the operational features of the UUT. The model was calibrated using data collected from intersections in China. The capacity, delay and number of stops were evaluated and compared with the direct-left-turn (DLT) for the same intersections. The results showed that the UUT significantly improved the operations at intersection areas, especially when volume/capacity ratio is small, and ratio of left-turn to through traffic is small. With the UUT, the capacity is increased by 9.81% to 10.38%, vehicle delay is decreased by 18.5% to 40.1%, and number of stops is decreased by 23.19% to 36.62%, when volume/capacity ratio is less than 0.50. The study also found that traffic efficiency could be further improved when the UUT is designed in conjunction with signal control. In the case, the UUT plus signalized control increases the capacity by 25% to 26.02%, decreases vehicle delay by 50.5% to 55.8%, and reduces number of stops by 69.5%, compared with the traditional DLT.
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Mudraia, I S; Kirpatovskiĭ, V I
1993-01-01
The paper describes impedance methods of investigating upper urinary tracts (UUT) which may serve adjuvants in the diagnosis of the urinary tract wall disturbances due to diseases caused by impaired urine evacuation from the kidney and which may prove helpful in the choice of therapeutic policy, evaluation of the postoperative period and outcomes prognosis. UUT impedance tests can be performed during endoscopic manipulations or under open operative interventions. Two-frequency impedancemetry allows rapid detection of non-functioning UUT parts or sclerosal sites of the UUT wall, relevant criteria being the ratio of basic impedances of the site under low and high scanning current. This value is computed by an urological two-frequency impedancemeter IDU-M. To assess the UUT wall functionally, use should be made of 6-channel urological rheograph REUR-6 providing multichannel registration of immediate impedance ureterograms. In this manner one can obtain qualitative and quantitative assessment of the ureteral peristalsis through its all length, the criteria being the amplitude of impedance ureterographic complexes, their shape, duration, frequency, rhythm, sequence and rate of distribution. Loading tests increase the accuracy of UUT impedance measurements, are able to define compensatory reserves of the wall contractility. The introduction of rheological methods in urological practice makes broader the armory of diagnostic techniques in urology, upgrade pathogenetic validity of surgical and therapeutic measures.
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Evaluating the Operational Features of an Unconventional Dual-Bay U-Turn Design for Intersections
Xiang, Yun; Li, Zhibin; Wang, Wei; Chen, Jingxu; Wang, Hao; Li, Ye
2016-01-01
Median U-turn intersection treatment (MUTIT) has been considered an alternative measure to reduce congestion and traffic conflict at intersection areas. The MUTIT is sometimes difficult to implement in the field because it requires wide median on arterials for U-turn vehicles. The objective of this study is to introduce an unconventional U-turn treatment (UUT) for intersections which requires less median space but is also effective. The UUT has a dual-bay design with different turning radiuses for small and large vehicles. The VISSIM simulation model was developed to evaluate the operational features of the UUT. The model was calibrated using data collected from intersections in China. The capacity, delay and number of stops were evaluated and compared with the direct-left-turn (DLT) for the same intersections. The results showed that the UUT significantly improved the operations at intersection areas, especially when volume/capacity ratio is small, and ratio of left-turn to through traffic is small. With the UUT, the capacity is increased by 9.81% to 10.38%, vehicle delay is decreased by 18.5% to 40.1%, and number of stops is decreased by 23.19% to 36.62%, when volume/capacity ratio is less than 0.50. The study also found that traffic efficiency could be further improved when the UUT is designed in conjunction with signal control. In the case, the UUT plus signalized control increases the capacity by 25% to 26.02%, decreases vehicle delay by 50.5% to 55.8%, and reduces number of stops by 69.5%, compared with the traditional DLT. PMID:27467127
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[Primary upper urinary tract tumors and subsequent location in the bladder].
Azémar, M-D; Audouin, M; Revaux, A; Misraï, V; Comperat, E; Bitker, M-O; Chartier-Kastler, E; Richard, F; Cussenot, O; Rouprêt, M
2009-10-01
The urothelium is the epithelium that lines the upper and lower urinary tract. Over 95% of urothelial carcinomas are derived from urothelium. They can be located in the lower tract (bladder, urethra) or upper tract (pyelocaliceal cavities, ureter). Urothelial carcinomas are the fourth most common tumours after prostate (or breast) cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. On one hand, bladder tumours account for 90-95% of urothelial carcinomas. It is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and the second most common malignancy of the urogenital tract after prostate cancer. It accounts for 5-10% of all cancers diagnosed each year in Europe. On the other hand, upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas (UUT-UCC) are scarce and account for only 5-10% of urothelial carcinomas. Recurrence in the bladder after primary UUT-UCC occurs in 15-50% of UUT-UCC. Differences in treatment modalities of the primary UUT-UCC do not play a key role in the subsequent appearance of a bladder recurrence. However, others factors have been described such as stage and location in the upper tract of the primary tumour or upper tract tumour multifocality. Previous history of bladder tumour is also associated with the risk that another tumour arises in the bladder subsequently. However, it becomes difficult to distinguish between natural history of bladder tumour and evolution of UUT-UCC in these cases. In most cases, bladder cancer occurs in the first two years after UUT-UCC management. Surveillance protocol is based on cystoscopy and on urinary cytology during at least every three months for two years. Current surveillance regimen have a low level of evidence considering the paucity of UUT-UCC.
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EMC Test Report: StangSat - CubeSat Program
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Carmody, Lynne M.; Aragona, Peter S.
2013-01-01
This report documents the Electromagnetic Interference E M I testing performed on the StangSat; the unit under test (UUT). Testing was per the requirements of MIL STD-461F. The UUT was characterized and passed the radiated emissions (RE102 limit for Spacecraft) testing.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Akkoc, Yesim; Cinar, Yasemin; Kismali, Erkan
2012-01-01
The aim of the study was to compare urodynamic findings and upper urinary tract (UUT) abnormalities detected by ultrasonography in complete and incomplete suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Thirty-eight suprasacral SCI patients who underwent ultrasonography evaluation of the UUT and urodynamic…
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1995-01-01
The motor/encoder (henceforth referred to as the UUT) test sequence began with a baseline functional evaluation, which demonstrated that the motor satisfied the operating torque, cogging torque, winding resistance, and mechanical requirements of SOW. In addition, the encoder electrical requirements were verified, as well as the alignment of the encoder outputs relative to the motor shaft position. There were no discrepancies observed in this portion of the test. The UUT was then exposed to a number of environments, including thermal vacuum, thermal cycling, random and sine vibration, and mechanical shock. During the thermal environments, the performance of the UUT under load was verified at specified points in the cycles, as described in ATP 20049. In addition, the UUT was bench tested between the two thermal environments. No anomalies were observed during the thermal tests. The vibration and shock tests were performed by East-West Technology Corporation, West Babylon, New York. The UUT was delivered to the lab in a sealed vibration fixture in order to maintain the cleanliness levels required by the SOW. In addition, a three ounce load was attached to the motor shaft. The attachment method of this load caused damage to the shaft and bearing during random vibration of S/N 0003 on April 28, 1995, and is described further in NCR 00168.
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Aboumarzouk, Omar M; Mains, Edward; Moseley, Harry; Kata, Sławomir G
2013-05-01
We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy (PDD-FURS) in detection of UUT-TCC in comparison with CT Urogram (CTU) and WL-FURS. Between June 2009 and August 2011, 30 patients underwent PDD-FURS after CTU for suspicion of UUT-TCC. Ureterorenoscopy was performed for abnormal upper urinary tract on imaging. Oral 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) was used as a photosensitizer. All procedures were performed by single endourologist experienced in photodynamic diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and detection rate of WL-FURS, PDD-FURS and CTU were calculated using the Meta-DiSc v1.4 programme. P values <0.05 were considered significant. PDD-FURS detected more UUT-TCCs than CTU or WL-FURS (94% (16/17) vs. 76.5% (13/17) vs. 82% (14/17) respectively). PDD-FURS was not significantly more sensitive than CTU and WL-FURS to detect UUT-TCC (0.94 (95% CI: 0.71-0.99) vs. 0.82 (95% CI: 0.57-0.96) vs. 0.81 (95% CI: 0.54-0.96) respectively; PDD-FURS vs. CTU: P=0.249; PDD-FURS vs. WL-FURS: P=0.277). There was no difference in the specificity between PDD-FURS and WL-FURS (1.0 (95% CI: 0.75-1.0) and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.75-1.0) respectively) (P=1), while PDD-FURS was significantly more specific than CTU (CTU: 0.21 (95% CI: 0.05-0.51) (P<0.001). PDD-FURS picked up 3 cases of CIS, which was not seen on WL-FURL and CTU. Oral 5-ALA induced PDD-FURS has a high sensitivity and specificity to detect lesions and a higher detection rate to diagnose UUT-TCC than WL-FURS and CTU. It appears to be the only tool to visualise UUT CIS lesions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Microelectronics Instrument Products Shock and Vibration Electro-optics: C-Qualification Test Report
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1994-01-01
In this test report all measurements made during testing are recorded in ATP 20049 DS data sheets and are included in the log. The motor/encoder (henceforth referred to as the UUT) test sequence began with a baseline functional evaluation, which demonstrated that the motor satisfied the operating torque, cogging torque, winding resistance, and mechanical requirements of SOW. In addition, the encoder electrical requirements were verified, as well as the alignment of the encoder outputs relative tc, the motor shaft position. There were no discrepancies observed in this portion of the test. The UUT was then exposed to a number of environments, including thermal vacuum, thermal cycling, random and sine vibration, and mechanical shock. During the thermal environments, the performance of the UUT under load was verified at specified points in the cycles, as described in ATP 20049. In addition, the UUT was bench tested between the two thermal environments. No anomalies were observed during the thermal tests. The load attachment method was subsequently corrected, and vibration of S/N 0002 began while 0003 was being repaired.
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1973-12-27
Systems Test Equipment Comparator, ASTEC ) at NAEC can provide a very accurate Ion a pin by pin basis) match between the UUT and ATE in their data bank...In addition, abbreviated summary data on the ATE is also available to users. ASTEC will also file the UUT data as part of its data bank so that
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1982-03-01
Aircraft Company ARECAaSOENT CSR Ground Systems Group Task 007 Fullerton, California 92634 Project No. R1023 I$. =OTRS4.IWmOr SP NAnE lAD ABDASE it. REPORT...HMA feed mechanism, multiple type test sockets or adapters, and a localized UUT vessel for functional tests at temperature. The engineering model AP...test excluding (deactivated) microprocessor. * Models UUT and test adapter as a ROM. Independent latches or registers from interconnecting ports to
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Zou, Lujia; Zhang, Limin; Zhang, Hu; Jiang, Haowen; Ding, Qiang
2014-04-01
To retrospectively evaluate intravesical recurrence and oncological outcomes after open or laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). This study comprised 122 patients diagnosed UUT-UC and subsequently nephroureterectomy was performed on. Several clinical and pathological parameters were emphasized for comparison of clinical outcomes. Among 122 patients with UUT-UC, 101 (82.8 %) and 21 (17.2 %) underwent open or laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (ONU or LNU), respectively. In univariable and multivariable Cox regression models, the surgical procedure exerted an impact neither on post-operative intravesical recurrence rate (p = 0.179 and 0.213, respectively) nor on cancer-specific mortality rate (p = 0.561 and 0.159, respectively). The 1-, 2- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of patients undergoing ONU or LNU were 92.1 versus 95.2 %, 87.1 versus 90.5 %, 79.2 versus 85.7 %, respectively, and the Kaplan–Meier plot illustrated that patients from two groups enjoyed an equivalent survival rate (p = 0.559). Moreover, we added that previous history of bladder tumor and pre-operative hydronephrosis was associated with intravesical recurrence, whereas three prognostic factors, including pathological tumor stage, grade, and lymphovascular invasion, showed possibility to be predictors of cancer-specific mortality. There existed no significant difference of intravesical recurrence and CSS between patients after ONU and LNU. Conclusively, laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy did not present superiority to open management for patients with UUT-UC.
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Trends in urological stone disease: a 5-year update of hospital episode statistics.
Heers, Hendrik; Turney, Benjamin W
2016-11-01
To provide a 5-year follow-on update on the changes in prevalence and treatment of upper urinary tract (UUT) stone disease in England. Data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) website (http://www.hesonline.nhs.uk) were extracted, summarised, analysed, and presented. The total number of UUT stone hospital episodes increased slightly from 83 050 in 2009-2010 to 86 742 in 2014-2015 (4.4% increase). The use of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for treating all UUT stones remained stable over the 5-year study period following a significant increase in previous years. There was a 49.6% increase in the number of ureteroscopic stone treatments from 12 062 in 2009-2010 to 18 055 in 2014-2015. Increase in ureterorenoscopy (flexible ureteroscopy) showed the most rapid increase from 3 267 to 6 631 cases in the 5-year study period (103% increase). The gap between the total number of ureteroscopies and SWL treatments continues to narrow. Open stone surgery continued to decline with only 30 reported cases in 2014-2015. Due to the continued rapid increase in the number of ureteroscopies performed, treatment for stone disease has continued to increase significantly in comparison to other urological activity. This study provides an update on the changing landscape of the management of UUT stones in England. It shows a sustained high prevalence of stone disease commensurate with levels in other developed countries. This study reveals a trend in the last 5 years to surgically intervene on a higher proportion of patients with stones. As in other countries, there is a significant increase in the use of ureteroscopy (particularly intrarenal flexible ureteroscopy) in England. These data have important implications for work-force planning, training, service delivery, and research in the field of urolithiasis. © 2016 The Authors BJU International © 2016 BJU International Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Defidio, Lorenzo; De Dominicis, Mauro; Di Gianfrancesco, Luca; Fuchs, Gerhard; Patel, Anup
2011-09-01
Thulium laser ablation (TLA) outcomes with blinded performance evaluation after retrograde intra-renal surgical (RIRS) treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas (UUT-TCC). A UUT-TCC patient cohort undergoing RIRS-TLA by an international endoscopic surgical collaboration in a European center (April 2005-July 2009), underwent outcomes evaluation. All 4 surgeons were blinded and independently scored both TLA and Holmium:YAG laser ablation performance aspects annually using a Likert scoring system (0-10). All patients (n = 59, median age 66 years, 9 with solitary kidney) had complete UUT inspection. Presenting lesion(s) were intra-renal (n = 30, 51%), ureteral (n = 13, 22%), and combined (n = 16, 27%). Single-stage TLA sufficed in 81.4% (tumors < 1.5 cm). Significant recurrence free survival differences occurred according to primary tumor size >/< 1.5 cm and multi-focality, but location made no difference. Median Likert scores were i) fiber-tip stability --5.5/8.75, p = 0.016; ii) reduced bleeding--5/8.5, p = 0.004; iii)fiber-tip precision--5.5/8.5, p = 0.003; iv) mucosal perforation reduction--3.5/7.5, p = 0.001; v) ablation efficiency tumors < 1.5 cm--6/9, p = 0.017; tumors > 1.5 cm--6.75/6.75, p = 1, and vi) overall efficiency--6/7.5, p = 0.09, for Holmium:YAG and TLA, respectively. The Thulium laser delivered non-inferior recurrence free survival to RIRS-UUT-TCC Holmium:YAG laser ablation, but better median parameter performance scores in fiber-tip stability, precision, reduced bleeding and mucosal perforation reduction in expert ratings. Despite improved photothermal coagulation, and endo-visualization for tumors < 1.5 cm, both ablation and overall efficiency remained challenging for larger tumors with both existing laser technologies.
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Altan, Mesut; Haberal, Hakan Bahadır; Akdoğan, Bülent; Özen, Haluk
2017-10-01
To determine preoperative serum complete blood count parameters that affects survival of patients who underwent surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UUT-UC). Since 1990, 150 patients underwent nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision for UUT-UC at Hacettepe University. Patients with a history of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy or metastasis at the time of diagnosis were excluded. One hundred and thirteen patients without infective symptoms and with a full set of serum data were evaluated retrospectively. Effects of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and leukocyte count on disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated. Threshold values for each parameter to predict PFS were calculated. The mean age and median follow-up were 63.7 ± 11.1 years and 34 (3-186) months, respectively. Male to female ratio was 86/27. The 5-years PFS (bladder recurrence was excluded) and DFS were 59.6 and 38.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, NLR was independent prognostic factor for PFS and DFS (p = 0.006 and p = 0.021, respectively) while LMR was prognostic only for PFS (p = 0.037). For UUT-UC, NLR is a prognostic factor for PFS and DFS, while LMR is a prognostic indicator for PFS in present series.
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Yuan, Haichao; Mao, Xiangming; Bai, Yunjin; Li, Hengping; Liu, Liangren; Pu, Chunxiao; Li, Jinhong; Tang, Yin; Wei, Qiang; Han, Ping
2015-08-01
The standard management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) is nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision, but after surgery, approximately 22-47% of patients with UUT-UC develop subsequent bladder tumour recurrence, potentially because of the implantation of cancer cells from the primary tumour. To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for UUT-UC. An electronic database search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CancerLit and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed to identify appropriate studies prior to March 2013.All studies comparing nephroureterectomy alone with prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy were included. The main outcome measure for this meta-analysis was the rate of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy. The search was not limited by language. The review process followed the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. The analysis was conducted using the Review Manager Version RevMan 5.0 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration). A total of 592 patients were included in this study, of whom 257 underwent intravesical instillation after nephroureterectomy and 335 underwent nephroureterectomy alone. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the rate of recurrence after 12 months was significantly lower in the intravesical instillation after nephroureterectomy group than in the nephroureterectomy-alone group [odds ratio (OR): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.81; P = 0.006]. A significant decrease in bladder recurrence after at least 24 months was also observed in the intravesical instillation after nephroureterectomy group (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.67; P = 0.0004). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that the pattern of differences was similar to those from the total group analysis. Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy was effective for the prevention
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Metrology for Industry for use in the Manufacture of Grazing Incidence Beam Line Mirrors
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Metz, James P.; Parks, Robert E.
2014-12-01
The goal of this SBIR was to determine the slope sensitivity of Specular Reflection Deflectometry (SRD) and whether shearing methods had the sensitivity to be able to separate errors in the test equipment from slope error in the unit under test (UUT), or mirror. After many variations of test parameters it does not appear that SRD yields results much better than 1 μ radian RMS independent of how much averaging is done. Of course, a single number slope sensitivity over the full range of spatial scales is not a very insightful number in the same sense as a single numbermore » phase or height RMS value in interferometry does not tell the full story. However, the 1 μ radian RMS number is meaningful when contrasted with a sensitivity goal of better than 0.1 μ radian RMS. Shearing is a time proven method of separating the errors in a measurement from the actual shape of a UUT. It is accomplished by taking multiple measurements while moving the UUT relative to the test instrument. This process makes it possible to separate the two errors sources but only to a sensitivity of about 1 μ radian RMS. Another aspect of our conclusions is that this limit probably holds largely independent of the spatial scale of the test equipment. In the proposal for this work it was suggested that a test screen the full size of the UUT could be used to determine the slopes on scales of maybe 0.01 to full scale of the UUT while smaller screens and shorter focal length lenses could be used to measure shorter, or smaller, patches of slope. What we failed to take into consideration was that as the scale of the test equipment got smaller so too did the optical lever arm on which the slope was calculated. Although we did not do a test with a shorter focal length lens over a smaller sample area it is hard to argue with the logic that the slope sensitivity will be about the same independent of the spatial scale of the measurement assuming the test equipment is similarly scaled. On a more positive
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Upper Urinary Tract Tumors: Which Diagnostic Methods Are Needed?
Maruschke, Matthias; Kram, Wolfgang; Zimpfer, Annette; Kundt, Günther; Hakenberg, Oliver W
2017-01-01
We reviewed the data of patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) tumors to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic procedures. This retrospective study evaluated tumor characteristics, imaging procedures, epidemiological and follow-up data of 113 patients. We analyzed the importance of non-invasive and endoscopic diagnosis in addition to imaging as well as the influence of stage and grade on recurrence rate. Most tumors were urothelial carcinomas (92.9%). The cardinal symptoms were hematuria (40.7%), flank pain (2.7%), and urinary obstruction (14.2%). Forty-seven patients received intravenous urograms (IVUs), 57 retrograde ureteropyelography (RUP), 89 CTs, 6 an MRI. The correct positive tumor identification was reached by IVU in 27/47 patients, by RUP in 50/57, by CT in 74/89, and by MRI in 3/6 patients representing sensitivities of 57.4% (IVU), 87.7% (RUP), 83.1% (CT), and 50% (MRI). Sixty-four patients had urine cytology, which was correctly positive in 60.9% and 56 had a diagnostic ureterorenoscopy, which was correctly positive in 83.9%. During follow-up more than 20% of patients developed a recurrence. In patients with hematuria and flank pain, UUT must be considered a differential diagnosis. UUT to the extent of 76.6% showed more invasive growth (>Ta). Thus, rapid and efficient diagnosis based primarily on imaging is required. Contrast CT scan seems to be the imaging modality with the best performance. However, often only a combination of diagnostic procedures gives a certain diagnosis. Due to the high recurrence rate, close follow-up is needed. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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The Infrared Automatic Mass Screening (IRAMS) System For Printed Circuit Board Fault Detection
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hugo, Perry W.
1987-05-01
Office of the Program Manager for TMDE (OPM TMDE) has initiated a program to develop techniques for evaluating the performance of printed circuit boards (PCB's) using infrared thermal imaging. It is OPM TMDE's expectation that the standard thermal profile (STP) will become the basis for the future rapid automatic detection and isolation of gross failure mechanisms on units under test (UUT's). To accomplish this OPM TMDE has purchased two Infrared Automatic Mass Screening ( I RAMS) systems which are scheduled for delivery in 1987. The IRAMS system combines a high resolution infrared thermal imager with a test bench and diagnostic computer hardware and software. Its purpose is to rapidly and automatically compare the thermal profiles of a UUT with the STP of that unit, recalled from memory, in order to detect thermally responsive failure mechanisms in PCB's. This paper will review the IRAMS performance requirements, outline the plan for implementing the two systems and report on progress to date.
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Kim, Hyung Suk; Lee, Byung Ki; Jung, Jin-Woo; Lee, Jung Keun; Byun, Seok-Soo; Lee, Sang Eun; Jeong, Chang Wook
2014-11-01
Double-J stent insertion has been generally performed during laparoscopic upper urinary tract (UUT) surgical procedures to prevent transient urinary tract obstruction and postoperative flank pain from ureteral edema and blood clots. Several restrictive conditions that make this procedure difficult and time consuming, however, include the coiled distal ends of the flexible Double-J stent and the limited bending angle of the laparoscopic instruments. To overcome these limitations, we devised a Double-J stent insertion method using the new J-tube technique. Between July 2011 and May 2013, Double-J stents were inserted using the J-tube technique in 33 patients who underwent a laparoscopic UUT surgical procedure by a single surgeon. The mean stent placement time was 4.8±2.7 minutes, and there were no intraoperative complications. In conclusion, the J-tube technique is a safe and time-saving method for Double-J stent insertion during laparoscopic surgical procedures.
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Infrared/microwave (IR/MW) micromirror array beam combiner design and analysis.
Tian, Yi; Lv, Lijun; Jiang, Liwei; Wang, Xin; Li, Yanhong; Yu, Haiming; Feng, Xiaochen; Li, Qi; Zhang, Li; Li, Zhuo
2013-08-01
We investigated the design method of an infrared (IR)/microwave (MW) micromirror array type of beam combiner. The size of micromirror is in microscopic levels and comparable to MW wavelengths, so that the MW will not react in these dimensions, whereas the much shorter optical wavelengths will be reflected by them. Hence, the MW multilayered substrate was simplified and designed using transmission line theory. The beam combiner used an IR wavefront-division imaging technique to reflect the IR radiation image to the unit under test (UUT)'s pupil in a parallel light path. In addition, the boresight error detected by phase monopulse radar was analyzed using a moment-of method (MoM) and multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) acceleration technique. The boresight error introduced by the finite size of the beam combiner was less than 1°. Finally, in order to verify the wavefront-division imaging technique, a prototype of a micromirror array was fabricated, and IR images were tested. The IR images obtained by the thermal imager verified the correctness of the wavefront-division imaging technique.
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Journal of the United States Artillery. Volume 56, Number 5, May 1922
1922-05-01
ROW, LT. COL. C. C. CARSON. M .... E. W. NILES. M .... L. TURTlE . M .... P. H. WORCESTER. SECOND ROW, M.... A. J. COOPER. LT. COL. R. W. COLLINS. M...when the Coast Artillery Corps as such was still in the dim and nebulous future. Tem- pora nos mutantur et mutamur nos i:l illis-uut Truth is immortal
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1980-06-01
lass,,., tassel eageeteg, assesses, sets,,e as isles lasgeges eegtal ages,,,, 5 iS gel it, seisteis 5 5,5 essla see, Sieges 5,5,55 Ill SIas ...jujNT iAALL STORE Nzv 2 SCALL FILTERINEDGE)CALL OPER(N,TEDGEi ,ALL P UTO bI (04 CALL POsUUT(4) 3 O CONTINUE END 49 APPENDIX B -Continued SUBROUTINE
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Unit Under Test Simulator Feasibility Study.
1980-06-01
interlocking connectors to conceptual differences such as octopus types of cables. 0 The validity of the IA description to the UUT simulator. Although...Research Institute, January 1978. 146. Ring , S. J. "Automatic Testing Via a Distributed Intelligence Processing System." Autotestcon 77, 2-4 November 1977...pp. 89-98. 147. Ring , S. J. "A Distributed Intelligence Automatic Test System for PATRIOT." IEEE Trans. 1977, Aerosp. and Electron Systems, Vol. AES
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Olson, Louise; Satherley, Hywel; Cleaveland, Paul; Zelhof, Bachar; Mokete, Max; Neilson, Donald; Srirangam, Shalom
2017-09-01
Patients with ileal conduit urinary diversions are at an increased risk of long-term upper urinary tract (UUT) complications, including anastomotic strictures, infections, and urolithiasis. The reconstructed urinary system poses challenges for endoscopic manipulation. We present and describe our dual-center experience in performing retrograde ureteroscopy to treat or diagnose UUT abnormalities in patients with ileal conduit incontinent diversion. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records for all patients with previous urinary diversion who underwent retrograde ureteroscopic procedures via the ileal loop in our institutions over a 9 year period (between June 2007 and August 2016). Fifty-four procedures were performed in 36 patients. Mean age was 61 (28-90) years. Average time from diversion to ureteroscopic procedure was 13.0 (0.08-53) years. Stone disease was the most common indication for intervention in 35.2% (19/54) of cases, with a stone-free rate of 78.9% (15/19). Other indications included surveillance of transitional-cell carcinoma in 22.2% (12/54), diagnostic flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) in 20.4% (11/54), stricture management in 11.1% (6/54), removal of encrusted stent/nephrostomy in 7.4% (4/54), urine leak after diversion in 1.9% (1/54), and miscellaneous in 1.9% (1/54). Successful retrograde access was possible in 74% (40/54) of cases. A long and tortuous ileal segment, too difficult to negotiate, was the most common cause of failure to access the UUT. In 13 out of 54 (24.1%) cases, retrograde fURS was combined with simultaneous percutaneous antegrade access. Six patients (11.1%) developed postprocedural pyrexia requiring additional antibiotic therapy, and one (1.9%) patient required embolization of the renal artery for ongoing bleeding. Median length of stay was 1 day (0-55), with 13 (24%) being performed as day-case procedures. Retrograde ureteroscopy in patients with ileal conduits can be technically challenging due to distorted anatomy
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Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. Volume 4 and 5
1986-06-06
protected with what we call a milk can. It is a stainless steel fairing that goes, which has cork on it to protect the cabling between the 880 external...miiST*? ■pt*-r~A**’ j>stffnr*ss Kie^z*-vr-kjjy-if,*j 1 tf/m • \\eni-r iu.Lr>sw*> rvF - pi^nf- a-*&*=- ro e^r^r /rs ^-/-’■■uut.T-tK. |UO Af^-f-JfriT^J
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Feasibility Study for a Dual Field of View-Single Detector Array Infrared System.
1974-06-01
for 525 TV. Per Channelt C. DC. Ainlog& Dgitl Tretrs b~ td ~Secial multipleaed. Organ- 500 li1 cani be organized CAC nlg Dgia eprtr.Untdt 80 lioal...coupled transport phenomenon: charge coupled device (CCD) and bucket brigade device U ( BBD ). These devices are basically dynamic shift registers that...can be connected to form the serial in-serial uut memory. Both the CCD and BBD function by wanipulating char-e along a series of electrodes without
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Computer Program to Add NOISEMAP Grids of Different Spacings
1980-04-01
GRIC POINT. C 1,J ARE THE INDICES !-OR THE #-IN’- GRIL , PUINT CLOSLSTP C uUT TO THE LkFT AND 8tLGW9 T~ic Oi.JIRL&j iEIG GkIO POIt4TO C .(1,RJ ARE THE...ACTUAL FLOATING POINT CUORGINATES THE bIG C i.kID POINT WOULD HAVE WERL IT IN THE i-INL GRIL .. C CUMMION /GRIOS/ NBF, NBFL, OG(IOUIOO), dSo FG(iI.0QI,1
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1979-08-01
c.OA io*1 Z" - hILL UL. 004 GANNETT FUKMING COROORY &uIAT .M&4 NO AND CARPIENTIER. INC. porn s*@% UUTs A ’Etk H IImSeSUm.. PA. io~ ? ~ U?.ILb...OU~I 0...CORDDRY "O* F’jwmL cL .. i AND CARPENTER. INC. cyoC- 7ZeAI/sj-r1i sr rjFM BTl.-LO’ S - AMMMOOm. PA. pro kids Fjgg Pi -,AT-ROL Pea-ltcT COMPUTSO My
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1982-11-03
define the maximum count for the pattern defined by the first 3 bits. Since there are 11 bits involved it is possible to define patterns up to 2048 ...applied to the UUT directly through the driver for any count up to 2048 . Any one of the 7 clocks may be selected under program control and applied to any...one ievel for the driver ( VDI ), the logic zero level for the driver (VDO), the logic one level for the receiver (VRl), and the logic zero level for the
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1993-06-01
propeller was modeled using an actuator disk model, where in all of the net results of the propeller (wash, swirl, turbulence) are modeled as source...8217)DUCTI* ~ hVAILJZL TV D0*C) ME.UUT FULLY’ LEGIBLE FREPROI)UCTIM S \\JiA~v~r (r7, CL w4 bj4 APPENDIX B COPY AVAUAEL TO e MonC DO* IOT flR=1 VULL...dynamics HVAC systems, energy loss measurement, power ARMY FlAP generation) BDG Shore Faciltes 3B Controls and electrical conservation (electrical systems
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On the Linear Stability of Two-Dimensional Barium Clouds. I. The Inviscid Case.
1984-04-30
MECVRDT FKPR--7;PG ON13& TYPE OF REPORT 13R1. TIME 8 CIEDO 1 4 AT OF REOT .Y,. Mo.. Day, 37PAECON Interim FROM 10183 TO17’I April 30, 1984 I37 IS...Note that if we write our perturbation ( 8 ) in terms of arc length ro 0 multiplied by a wavenumber k then cos m6 - cos k r0 and m/ro - k (10) 4 ...38 APR 84 NRL-MR-53i2 UNCLASSIFIED F/G 4 /1 NI I EEEEEEEEE L &, 12 am... ~ a m II) ,uut_ _- 7-_ MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF
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The Shock and Vibration Digest. Volume 13, Number 3
1981-03-01
Lateral (Fixed Wing) 25 16 8 OO07 Lateral (Rotary-Wing) 30 18 9 0.104 * Impowd at the floor level, near the center ol gravity of the aircraft 4 Tabl...v>ri«uut tolulion lu xt\\» M|uMlon of motion (or i tloiül« tlnng (»vnh gravity «tlactt) M*ilch 11 lutd « both ttiiit and itiatctMKJ untlar apptMd...Lab., Pioc., No. bO, Pt. 3, pp 27-38 (Sept 1980) 12 tigs. 3 tables, 11 refs Key Word«: Plate«, Beam«, Structural member«. Compotite meterial
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Pang, Kun; Sun, Xiao-Wen; Liu, Shi-Bo; Li, Wei-Guo; Shao, Yi; Zhuo, Jian; Wei, Hai-Bin; Xia, Shu-Jie
2012-11-13
To explore the application of thulium laser (2 µm laser) in managing bladder cuff in nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelium carcinoma (UUT-UC). The medical records of 56 patients undergoing nephroureterectomy at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The operative indicators, oncologic outcomes and clinicopathologic data were compared among the groups of open surgery (Group A), electric coagulation (Group B) and thulium laser technique (Group C). Furthermore a model of burst pressure measurement was built to measure the different burst pressures of sealing distal ureter. The follow-up results: when the indicators of operative duration, intraoperative blood loss volume, removal time of drainage tube, removal time of catheter and hospital stays were compared among three groups, Group A had no statistical differences with Group B/C in terms of removal time of drainage tube and removal time of catheter. But significant statistical differences existed in terms of operative duration, intraoperative blood loss volume and hospital stays ((232 ± 52) vs (148 ± 47) and (130 ± 49) min, (358 ± 81) vs (136 ± 74) and (145 ± 70) ml, (13 ± 3) vs (11 ± 4) and (10 ± 3) d, all P < 0.05). No statistical differences existed between Groups B and C in terms of all the above indicators. Burst pressure measurement results: no statistical differences existed between Group C and B ((116 ± 21) vs (139 ± 32) cm H2O, P > 0.05). For the surgical treatment of UUT-UC, thulium laser technique has no difference in operation indicators and oncologic outcomes compared to open surgery. Besides, it has the advantages of improved spatial beam quality and more precise tissue incision.
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[Internal drainage in cancer patients: optimizing treatment of stent-related symptoms].
Martov, A G; Ergakov, D V; Novikov, A B; Muzhetskaya, N G; Esen'yan, G L
2016-04-01
The so-called stent-related symptoms caused mainly by detrusor overactivity due to distal ("cystic") curl of the internal stent are common among patients with this type of drainage. The need for long-term stenting makes the quality of life of cancer patients one of the challenging problems of modern urology. The aim of this study was to optimize treatment of stent-related symptoms in cancer patients with internal long-term stents by complementing the treatment regimen with m-anticholinergic solifenacin. From November 2013 to November 2015 68 cancer patients (26 males, 42 females, age 36-79 years) underwent elective internal ureteral stenting for drainage of the upper urinary tract (UUT) with special long-term stents coated with the hydrogel. The urinary tract obstruction was caused by urological (24), gynecological (26) and colorectal (18) cancers. Before deciding on urinary tract drainage, all patients were treated with radiation or chemotherapy, 28 (41.2%) patients underwent surgery, but on admission all of them had contraindications to radical surgery for different reasons. In 52 (76.5%) patients UUT stenting was performed using transurethral access, in 12 (17.6%) by percutaneous access and in another 4 (5.9%) by the combined access with patients in the supine position. Percutaneous and combined access was used in cases of impracticability (failure) of transurethral stenting. Patients in group 1 (n=32) after stent placement received standard therapy co-administered with solifenacin 5 mg daily, group 2 (n=36) - only standard therapy. The data analyzed were the technical features of the internal drainage, optimal access and registered solifenacin-related adverse events. Control examinations were scheduled once in 3 months after stent placement according to the following algorithm: ultrasound scanning, laboratory test monitoring and, if indicated, plain urography. To objectify the severity of stent-related symptoms, a survey of patients using a special
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Analysis of Major Item Redistribution/Substitution Policies. Volume 2
1980-05-01
juv11ld4vvb I 1 ki vat) 1 7A u,1 I / , Uju a I A,4/ FfA /1ILV)o 13bAvulu9db4 I 1 G vd 5utlA ’I b~ AAZ)I Ad-IUbC/H KC 5 jJuuu3337S 9 I I G~ v 2/ U)’ A...bblUut)1� 14 1 Do A I U(1b b150t) bbP ,(DV23g29bl 113 dj vb 4 It ’qvII lri U 4LJ I ebO 0b/5IUU~ddd5 I 1 d I~0d i’"Ikj O’.VI it/ II Ft-C;Ao beP 0e
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EGSE (Electrical Ground Support Equipment) for ESA VEGA Launcher
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ferrante, M.; Ortenzi, A.; del Re, V.; Bordin, M.; Saccucci, Fr.
2004-08-01
Activities belonging to Assembly, Integration and Validation (AIV) phase of a launch vehicle are fundamental in development of a so much delicate system. The equipment used to support this long and crucial phase can be described as a set of Mechanical and Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE). This paper describes the approach followed to develop such a system, and the benefits that this brings in terms of lower risk, more coordinated interfaces and improved functionality. The paper briefly outlines VEGA Electrical Ground Support Equipment major characteristics. In particular, this paper describes the EGSE design for a small launch vehicle such as VEGA. The objective of EGSE is to provide hardware and software for efficient electrical testing of either single stages and integrated launcher. The needs to develop a small launcher is a response to a Resolution in the Space Transportation Strategy adopted by the ESA Council in June 2000, aiming at: "completing, in the medium term, the range of launch services offered by the addition of European manufactured small and medium launcher, complementary to Ariane, consistent with diversified users' needs and relying on common elements, such as stages, subsystems, technologies, production facilities and operational infrastructure, thereby increasing the European launcher industry's competitiveness". Three different parts principally compose the Vega EGSE: TCS (Test Configuration System), TES (Test Execution System), PPS (Post Processing System). The TES is the part of the EGSE devoted to the tests execution; it has capabilities of immediate test data analysis, parameters monitoring and it is able to undertake pre-defined actions, in case of anomalous events happen, in order to put in safe conditions the Unity Under Test (UUT). The TES is composed of two main components: HLCS and LLCS. The HLCS is based on SCOS 2000 ESA product; it is mainly devoted to the interaction with operators. It allows loading Test Sequences and
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of LUCC from 2001 to 2010 in Yunnan Province, China
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Z. J.; Yu, J. S.; Yao, X. L.; Chen, X.; Li, Z. L.
2016-08-01
LUCC (Land use and land cover change) is increasingly regarded as an important component of global environmental change and sustainable development. In this study, regional land cover type maps were drawn using the MODIS products from 2001 and 2010 based on the modified classification scheme embodied by the characteristics of land cover in Yunnan. Dynamic change in each type of land cover was investigated by classification statistics, dynamic transfer matrices, and landscape pattern metrics. In addition, the driving factors of LUCC were discussed. The results showed that the land cover types of the Yunnan province, especially woodland (WL), cropland (CL) and grassland (GL), had experienced noticeable changes with an area of about 30% of land during the study period. And there was an obvious vertical distribution pattern for land cover types. The average altitude of different land cover types from the highest to the lowest were unused land (UUT), WL, GL, water (WT), urban and built-up areas (UB) and CL. The average slope for most of the land-cover types did not vary over the past 10 years. Stabilization and homogenization will be the direction of land cover in the future according to landscape metrics analysis. The regional differences of land use structure in the area are strongly influenced by such factors as the geographical position, level of economic development and land use policy. The new policy of land use, Construction of Mountainous Town, would be provided to achieve the economical and intensive utilization of land resources during the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in Yunnan.
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Alzahrani, Khalid J H; Ali, Juma A M; Eze, Anthonius A; Looi, Wan Limm; Tagoe, Daniel N A; Creek, Darren J; Barrett, Michael P; de Koning, Harry P
2017-08-01
Leishmania pyrimidine salvage is replete with opportunities for therapeutic intervention with enzyme inhibitors or antimetabolites. Their uptake into cells depends upon specific transporters; therefore it is essential to establish whether various Leishmania species possess similar pyrimidine transporters capable of drug uptake. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of pyrimidine transport in L. major and L. mexicana. In both species, two transporters for uridine/adenosine were detected, one of which also transported uracil and the antimetabolites 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) and 5F,2'deoxyuridine (5F,2'dUrd), and was designated uridine-uracil transporter 1 (UUT1); the other transporter mediated uptake of adenosine, uridine, 5F,2'dUrd and thymidine and was designated Nucleoside Transporter 1 (NT1). To verify the reported L. donovani model of two NT1-like genes encoding uridine/adenosine transporters, and an NT2 gene encoding an inosine transporter, we cloned the corresponding L. major and L. mexicana genes, expressing each in T. brucei. Consistent with the L. donovani reports, the NT1-like genes of either species mediated the adenosine-sensitive uptake of [ 3 H]-uridine but not of [ 3 H]-inosine. Conversely, the NT2-like genes mediated uptake of [ 3 H]-inosine but not [ 3 H]-uridine. Among pyrimidine antimetabolites tested, 5-FU and 5F,2'dUrd were the most effective antileishmanials; resistance to both analogs was induced in L. major and L. mexicana. In each case it was found that the resistant cells had lost the transport capacity for the inducing drug. Metabolomics analysis found that the mechanism of action of 5-FU and 5F-2'dUrd was similar in both Leishmania species, with major changes in deoxynucleotide metabolism. We conclude that the pyrimidine salvage system is highly conserved in Leishmania species - essential information for the development of pyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights
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Ultra High Temperature (UHT) SiC Fiber (Phase 2)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dicarlo, James A.; Jacobson, Nathan S.; Lizcano, Maricela; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
2015-01-01
Silicon-carbide fiber-reinforced silicon-carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiCSiC CMC) are emerginglightweight re-usable structural materials not only for hot section components in gas turbine engines, but also for controlsurfaces and leading edges of reusable hypersonic vehicles as well as for nuclear propulsion and reactor components. Ithas been shown that when these CMC are employed in engine hot-section components, the higher the upper usetemperature (UUT) of the SiC fiber, the more performance benefits are accrued, such as higher operating temperatures,reduced component cooling air, reduced fuel consumption, and reduced emissions. The first generation of SiCSiC CMC with a temperature capability of 2200-2400F are on the verge of being introduced into the hot-section components ofcommercial and military gas turbine engines.Today the SiC fiber type currently recognized as the worlds best in terms ofthermo-mechanical performance is the Sylramic-iBN fiber. This fiber was previously developed by the PI at NASA GRC using patented processes to improve the high-cost commercial Sylramic fiber, which in turn was derived from anotherlow-cost low-performance commercial fiber. Although the Sylramic-iBN fiber shows state-of-the art creep and rupture resistance for use temperatures above 2550oF, NASA has shown by fundamental creep studies and model developmentthat its microstructure and creep resistance could theoretically be significantly improved to produce an Ultra HighTemperature (UHT) SiC fiber.This Phase II Seedling Fund effort has been focused on the key objective of effectively repeating the similar processes used for producing the Sylramic-iBN fiber using a design of experiments approach to first understand the cause of the less than optimum Sylramic-iBN microstructure and then attempting to develop processconditions that eliminate or minimize these key microstructural issues. In so doing, it is predicted that that theseadvanced process could result in an UHT Si