Sample records for key events occurring

  1. Predicting Key Events in the Popularity Evolution of Online Information.

    PubMed

    Hu, Ying; Hu, Changjun; Fu, Shushen; Fang, Mingzhe; Xu, Wenwen

    2017-01-01

    The popularity of online information generally experiences a rising and falling evolution. This paper considers the "burst", "peak", and "fade" key events together as a representative summary of popularity evolution. We propose a novel prediction task-predicting when popularity undergoes these key events. It is of great importance to know when these three key events occur, because doing so helps recommendation systems, online marketing, and containment of rumors. However, it is very challenging to solve this new prediction task due to two issues. First, popularity evolution has high variation and can follow various patterns, so how can we identify "burst", "peak", and "fade" in different patterns of popularity evolution? Second, these events usually occur in a very short time, so how can we accurately yet promptly predict them? In this paper we address these two issues. To handle the first one, we use a simple moving average to smooth variation, and then a universal method is presented for different patterns to identify the key events in popularity evolution. To deal with the second one, we extract different types of features that may have an impact on the key events, and then a correlation analysis is conducted in the feature selection step to remove irrelevant and redundant features. The remaining features are used to train a machine learning model. The feature selection step improves prediction accuracy, and in order to emphasize prediction promptness, we design a new evaluation metric which considers both accuracy and promptness to evaluate our prediction task. Experimental and comparative results show the superiority of our prediction solution.

  2. Predicting Key Events in the Popularity Evolution of Online Information

    PubMed Central

    Fu, Shushen; Fang, Mingzhe; Xu, Wenwen

    2017-01-01

    The popularity of online information generally experiences a rising and falling evolution. This paper considers the “burst”, “peak”, and “fade” key events together as a representative summary of popularity evolution. We propose a novel prediction task—predicting when popularity undergoes these key events. It is of great importance to know when these three key events occur, because doing so helps recommendation systems, online marketing, and containment of rumors. However, it is very challenging to solve this new prediction task due to two issues. First, popularity evolution has high variation and can follow various patterns, so how can we identify “burst”, “peak”, and “fade” in different patterns of popularity evolution? Second, these events usually occur in a very short time, so how can we accurately yet promptly predict them? In this paper we address these two issues. To handle the first one, we use a simple moving average to smooth variation, and then a universal method is presented for different patterns to identify the key events in popularity evolution. To deal with the second one, we extract different types of features that may have an impact on the key events, and then a correlation analysis is conducted in the feature selection step to remove irrelevant and redundant features. The remaining features are used to train a machine learning model. The feature selection step improves prediction accuracy, and in order to emphasize prediction promptness, we design a new evaluation metric which considers both accuracy and promptness to evaluate our prediction task. Experimental and comparative results show the superiority of our prediction solution. PMID:28046121

  3. Changes in the probability of co-occurring extreme climate events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Diffenbaugh, N. S.

    2017-12-01

    Extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, heatwaves, and severe storms exert acute stresses on natural and human systems. When multiple extreme events co-occur, either in space or time, the impacts can be substantially compounded. A diverse set of human interests - including supply chains, agricultural commodities markets, reinsurance, and deployment of humanitarian aid - have historically relied on the rarity of extreme events to provide a geographic hedge against the compounded impacts of co-occuring extremes. However, changes in the frequency of extreme events in recent decades imply that the probability of co-occuring extremes is also changing, and is likely to continue to change in the future in response to additional global warming. This presentation will review the evidence for historical changes in extreme climate events and the response of extreme events to continued global warming, and will provide some perspective on methods for quantifying changes in the probability of co-occurring extremes in the past and future.

  4. Design of virtual simulation experiment based on key events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhong, Zheng; Zhou, Dongbo; Song, Lingxiu

    2018-06-01

    Considering complex content and lacking of guidance in virtual simulation experiments, the key event technology in VR narrative theory was introduced for virtual simulation experiment to enhance fidelity and vividness process. Based on the VR narrative technology, an event transition structure was designed to meet the need of experimental operation process, and an interactive event processing model was used to generate key events in interactive scene. The experiment of" margin value of bees foraging" based on Biologic morphology was taken as an example, many objects, behaviors and other contents were reorganized. The result shows that this method can enhance the user's experience and ensure experimental process complete and effectively.

  5. Toxicogenomics and cancer risk assessment: a framework for key event analysis and dose-response assessment for nongenotoxic carcinogens.

    PubMed

    Bercu, Joel P; Jolly, Robert A; Flagella, Kelly M; Baker, Thomas K; Romero, Pedro; Stevens, James L

    2010-12-01

    In order to determine a threshold for nongenotoxic carcinogens, the traditional risk assessment approach has been to identify a mode of action (MOA) with a nonlinear dose-response. The dose-response for one or more key event(s) linked to the MOA for carcinogenicity allows a point of departure (POD) to be selected from the most sensitive effect dose or no-effect dose. However, this can be challenging because multiple MOAs and key events may exist for carcinogenicity and oftentimes extensive research is required to elucidate the MOA. In the present study, a microarray analysis was conducted to determine if a POD could be identified following short-term oral rat exposure with two nongenotoxic rodent carcinogens, fenofibrate and methapyrilene, using a benchmark dose analysis of genes aggregated in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes, which likely encompass key event(s) for carcinogenicity. The gene expression response for fenofibrate given to rats for 2days was consistent with its MOA and known key events linked to PPARα activation. The temporal response from daily dosing with methapyrilene demonstrated biological complexity with waves of pathways/biological processes occurring over 1, 3, and 7days; nonetheless, the benchmark dose values were consistent over time. When comparing the dose-response of toxicogenomic data to tumorigenesis or precursor events, the toxicogenomics POD was slightly below any effect level. Our results suggest that toxicogenomic analysis using short-term studies can be used to identify a threshold for nongenotoxic carcinogens based on evaluation of potential key event(s) which then can be used within a risk assessment framework. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. The Key Events Dose-Response Framework: a cross-disciplinary mode-of-action based approach to examining dose-response and thresholds.

    PubMed

    Julien, Elizabeth; Boobis, Alan R; Olin, Stephen S

    2009-09-01

    The ILSI Research Foundation convened a cross-disciplinary working group to examine current approaches for assessing dose-response and identifying safe levels of intake or exposure for four categories of bioactive agents-food allergens, nutrients, pathogenic microorganisms, and environmental chemicals. This effort generated a common analytical framework-the Key Events Dose-Response Framework (KEDRF)-for systematically examining key events that occur between the initial dose of a bioactive agent and the effect of concern. Individual key events are considered with regard to factors that influence the dose-response relationship and factors that underlie variability in that relationship. This approach illuminates the connection between the processes occurring at the level of fundamental biology and the outcomes observed at the individual and population levels. Thus, it promotes an evidence-based approach for using mechanistic data to reduce reliance on default assumptions, to quantify variability, and to better characterize biological thresholds. This paper provides an overview of the KEDRF and introduces a series of four companion papers that illustrate initial application of the approach to a range of bioactive agents.

  7. Timing and documentation of key events in neonatal resuscitation.

    PubMed

    Heathcote, Adam Charles; Jones, Jacqueline; Clarke, Paul

    2018-04-30

    Only a minority of babies require extended resuscitation at birth. Resuscitations concerning babies who die or who survive with adverse outcomes are increasingly subject to medicolegal scrutiny. Our aim was to describe real-life timings of key resuscitation events observed in a historical series of newborns who required full resuscitation at birth. Twenty-seven babies born in our centre over a 10-year period had an Apgar score of 0 at 1 min and required full resuscitation. The median (95% confidence interval) postnatal age at achieving key events were commencing cardiac compressions, 2.0 (1.5-4.0) min; endotracheal intubation, 3.8 (2.0-6.0) min; umbilical venous catheterisation 9.0 (7.5-12.0) min; and administration of first adrenaline dose 10.0 (8.0-14.0) min. The wide range of timings presented from real-life cases may prove useful to clinicians involved in medical negligence claims and provide a baseline for quality improvements in resuscitation training. What is Known: • Only a minority of babies require extended resuscitation at birth; these cases are often subject to medicolegal interrogation • Timings of key resuscitation events are poorly described and documentation of resuscitation events is often lacking yet is open to medicolegal scrutiny What is New: • We present a wide range of real-life timings of key resuscitation events during the era of routine newborn life support training • These timings may prove useful to clinicians involved in medical negligence claims and provide a baseline for quality improvements in resuscitation training.

  8. Genetic Stratigraphy of Key Demographic Events in Arabia

    PubMed Central

    Fernandes, Verónica; Triska, Petr; Pereira, Joana B.; Alshamali, Farida; Rito, Teresa; Machado, Alison; Fajkošová, Zuzana; Cavadas, Bruno; Černý, Viktor; Soares, Pedro

    2015-01-01

    At the crossroads between Africa and Eurasia, Arabia is necessarily a melting pot, its peoples enriched by successive gene flow over the generations. Estimating the timing and impact of these multiple migrations are important steps in reconstructing the key demographic events in the human history. However, current methods based on genome-wide information identify admixture events inefficiently, tending to estimate only the more recent ages, as here in the case of admixture events across the Red Sea (∼8–37 generations for African input into Arabia, and 30–90 generations for “back-to-Africa” migrations). An mtDNA-based founder analysis, corroborated by detailed analysis of the whole-mtDNA genome, affords an alternative means by which to identify, date and quantify multiple migration events at greater time depths, across the full range of modern human history, albeit for the maternal line of descent only. In Arabia, this approach enables us to infer several major pulses of dispersal between the Near East and Arabia, most likely via the Gulf corridor. Although some relict lineages survive in Arabia from the time of the out-of-Africa dispersal, 60 ka, the major episodes in the peopling of the Peninsula took place from north to south in the Late Glacial and, to a lesser extent, the immediate post-glacial/Neolithic. Exchanges across the Red Sea were mainly due to the Arab slave trade and maritime dominance (from ∼2.5 ka to very recent times), but had already begun by the early Holocene, fuelled by the establishment of maritime networks since ∼8 ka. The main “back-to-Africa” migrations, again undetected by genome-wide dating analyses, occurred in the Late Glacial period for introductions into eastern Africa, whilst the Neolithic was more significant for migrations towards North Africa. PMID:25738654

  9. Genetic stratigraphy of key demographic events in Arabia.

    PubMed

    Fernandes, Verónica; Triska, Petr; Pereira, Joana B; Alshamali, Farida; Rito, Teresa; Machado, Alison; Fajkošová, Zuzana; Cavadas, Bruno; Černý, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B; Pereira, Luísa

    2015-01-01

    At the crossroads between Africa and Eurasia, Arabia is necessarily a melting pot, its peoples enriched by successive gene flow over the generations. Estimating the timing and impact of these multiple migrations are important steps in reconstructing the key demographic events in the human history. However, current methods based on genome-wide information identify admixture events inefficiently, tending to estimate only the more recent ages, as here in the case of admixture events across the Red Sea (~8-37 generations for African input into Arabia, and 30-90 generations for "back-to-Africa" migrations). An mtDNA-based founder analysis, corroborated by detailed analysis of the whole-mtDNA genome, affords an alternative means by which to identify, date and quantify multiple migration events at greater time depths, across the full range of modern human history, albeit for the maternal line of descent only. In Arabia, this approach enables us to infer several major pulses of dispersal between the Near East and Arabia, most likely via the Gulf corridor. Although some relict lineages survive in Arabia from the time of the out-of-Africa dispersal, 60 ka, the major episodes in the peopling of the Peninsula took place from north to south in the Late Glacial and, to a lesser extent, the immediate post-glacial/Neolithic. Exchanges across the Red Sea were mainly due to the Arab slave trade and maritime dominance (from ~2.5 ka to very recent times), but had already begun by the early Holocene, fuelled by the establishment of maritime networks since ~8 ka. The main "back-to-Africa" migrations, again undetected by genome-wide dating analyses, occurred in the Late Glacial period for introductions into eastern Africa, whilst the Neolithic was more significant for migrations towards North Africa.

  10. Detecting event-based prospective memory cues occurring within and outside the focus of attention.

    PubMed

    Hicks, Jason L; Cook, Gabriel I; Marsh, Richard L

    2005-01-01

    Event-based prospective memory cues are environmental stimuli that are associated with a previously established intention to perform an activity. Such cues traditionally have been placed in materials that receive focal attention during an ongoing activity. This article reports a direct comparison of event-based cues that occurred either within the focus of attention or at the periphery of such attention. When the cue occurred outside focal attention, manipulating that cue changed event-based prospective memory. The identical manipulation had no effect on event-based responding if the cue occurred within focal attention. These results suggest that cue characteristics can compensate for attention being directed away from an aspect of an ongoing task that contains event-based prospective memory.

  11. The use of mode of action information in risk assessment: quantitative key events/dose-response framework for modeling the dose-response for key events.

    PubMed

    Simon, Ted W; Simons, S Stoney; Preston, R Julian; Boobis, Alan R; Cohen, Samuel M; Doerrer, Nancy G; Fenner-Crisp, Penelope A; McMullin, Tami S; McQueen, Charlene A; Rowlands, J Craig

    2014-08-01

    The HESI RISK21 project formed the Dose-Response/Mode-of-Action Subteam to develop strategies for using all available data (in vitro, in vivo, and in silico) to advance the next-generation of chemical risk assessments. A goal of the Subteam is to enhance the existing Mode of Action/Human Relevance Framework and Key Events/Dose Response Framework (KEDRF) to make the best use of quantitative dose-response and timing information for Key Events (KEs). The resulting Quantitative Key Events/Dose-Response Framework (Q-KEDRF) provides a structured quantitative approach for systematic examination of the dose-response and timing of KEs resulting from a dose of a bioactive agent that causes a potential adverse outcome. Two concepts are described as aids to increasing the understanding of mode of action-Associative Events and Modulating Factors. These concepts are illustrated in two case studies; 1) cholinesterase inhibition by the pesticide chlorpyrifos, which illustrates the necessity of considering quantitative dose-response information when assessing the effect of a Modulating Factor, that is, enzyme polymorphisms in humans, and 2) estrogen-induced uterotrophic responses in rodents, which demonstrate how quantitative dose-response modeling for KE, the understanding of temporal relationships between KEs and a counterfactual examination of hypothesized KEs can determine whether they are Associative Events or true KEs.

  12. Estimating the Probability of Rare Events Occurring Using a Local Model Averaging.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jin-Hua; Chen, Chun-Shu; Huang, Meng-Fan; Lin, Hung-Chih

    2016-10-01

    In statistical applications, logistic regression is a popular method for analyzing binary data accompanied by explanatory variables. But when one of the two outcomes is rare, the estimation of model parameters has been shown to be severely biased and hence estimating the probability of rare events occurring based on a logistic regression model would be inaccurate. In this article, we focus on estimating the probability of rare events occurring based on logistic regression models. Instead of selecting a best model, we propose a local model averaging procedure based on a data perturbation technique applied to different information criteria to obtain different probability estimates of rare events occurring. Then an approximately unbiased estimator of Kullback-Leibler loss is used to choose the best one among them. We design complete simulations to show the effectiveness of our approach. For illustration, a necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) data set is analyzed. © 2016 Society for Risk Analysis.

  13. Key Events in Student Leaders' Lives and Lessons Learned from Them

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sessa, Valerie I.; Morgan, Brett V.; Kalenderli, Selin; Hammond, Fanny E.

    2014-01-01

    This descriptive study used an interview protocol developed by the Center for Creative Leadership with 50 college student leaders to determine what key developmental events young college leaders experience and the leadership lessons learned from these events. Students discussed 180 events and 734 lessons learned from them. Most events defined by…

  14. Decision Trajectories in Dementia Care Networks: Decisions and Related Key Events.

    PubMed

    Groen-van de Ven, Leontine; Smits, Carolien; Oldewarris, Karen; Span, Marijke; Jukema, Jan; Eefsting, Jan; Vernooij-Dassen, Myrra

    2017-10-01

    This prospective multiperspective study provides insight into the decision trajectories of people with dementia by studying the decisions made and related key events. This study includes three waves of interviews, conducted between July 2010 and July 2012, with 113 purposefully selected respondents (people with beginning to advanced stages of dementia and their informal and professional caregivers) completed in 12 months (285 interviews). Our multilayered qualitative analysis consists of content analysis, timeline methods, and constant comparison. Four decision themes emerged-managing daily life, arranging support, community living, and preparing for the future. Eight key events delineate the decision trajectories of people with dementia. Decisions and key events differ between people with dementia living alone and living with a caregiver. Our study clarifies that decisions relate not only to the disease but to living with the dementia. Individual differences in decision content and sequence may effect shared decision-making and advance care planning.

  15. Modeling four occurred debris flow events in the Dolomites area (North-Eastern Italian Alps)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boreggio, Mauro; Gregoretti, Carlo; Degetto, Massimo; Bernard, Martino

    2016-04-01

    Four occurred debris flows in the Dolomites area (North-Eastern Italian Alps) are modeled by back-analysis. The four debris flows events are those occurred at Rio Lazer (Trento) on the 4th of November 1966, at Fiames (Belluno) on the 5th of July 2006, at Rovina di Cancia (Belluno) on the 18th of July 2009 and at Rio Val Molinara (Trento) on the 15th of August 2010. In all the events, runoff entrained sediments present on natural channels and formed a solid-liquid wave that routed downstream. The first event concerns the routing of debris flow on an inhabited fan. The second event the deviation of debris flow from the usual path due to an obstruction with the excavation of a channel in the scree and the downstream spreading in a wood. The third event concerns the routing of debris flow in a channel with an ending the reservoir, its overtopping and final spreading in the inhabited area. The fourth event concerns the routing of debris flow along the main channel downstream the initiation area until spreading just upstream a village. All the four occurred debris flows are simulated by modeling runoff that entrained debris flow for determining the solid-liquid hydrograph. The routing of the solid-liquid hydrograph is simulated by a bi-phase cell model based on the kinematic approach. The comparison between simulated and measured erosion and deposition depths is satisfactory. Nearly the same parameters for computing erosion and deposition were used for all the four occurred events. The maps of erosion and deposition depths are obtained by comparing the results of post-event surveys with the pre-event DEM. The post-event surveys were conducted by using different instruments (LiDAR and GPS) or the combination photos-single points depth measurements (in this last case it is possible obtaining the deposition/erosion depths by means of stereoscopy techniques).

  16. Near-Death and Other Transpersonal Experiences Occurring During Catastrophic Events.

    PubMed

    Lawrence, Madelaine

    2017-06-01

    The purpose of this article is to describe examples of near-death and other transpersonal experiences occurring during catastrophic events like floods, wars, bombings, and death camps. To date, researchers have limited their investigations of these transpersonal events to those occurring to seriously ill patients in hospitals, those dying from terminal illnesses, or to individuals experiencing a period of grief after the death of a loved one. Missing is awareness by first responders and emergency healthcare professionals about these transpersonal experiences and what to say to the individuals who have them. Some responders experience not only deaths of the victims they assist, but also deaths of their colleagues. Information about these transpersonal experiences can also be of comfort to them. The examples in this article include a near-death experience during the Vietnam War, an out-of-body experience after a bomb explosion during the Iraq War, a near-death visit to a woman imprisoned at Auschwitz, and two after-death communications, one from a person killed in Auschwitz and another from a soldier during World War I. Also included are interviews with two New York City policemen who were September 11, 2001 responders. It is hoped the information will provide knowledge of these experiences to those who care for those near death, or dying, or grieving because of catastrophic events, and encourage researchers to further investigate these experiences during disasters.

  17. Platelet activation is a key event in the pathogenesis of streptococcal infections.

    PubMed

    Jia, Ming; Xiong, Yuling; Lu, Hua; Li, Ruqing; Wang, Tiantian; Ye, Yanyao; Song, Min; Li, Bing; Jiang, Tianlun; Zhao, Shuming

    2015-06-01

    Diverse Streptococcus species including Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Sanguis, Gordonii, Mitis and Mutans cause life-threatening conditions including pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis. These diseases bear a high morbidity and mortality and for this reason, understanding the key events in the pathogenesis of these infections have a great significance in their prevention and/or treatment. Here, we describe as how the activation of the platelets and their affinity to bind to bacterial proteins act as early key events in the pathogenesis of Streptococcal infections.

  18. Conceptual Modeling of a Quantum Key Distribution Simulation Framework Using the Discrete Event System Specification

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-09-18

    and full/scale experimental verifications towards ground/ satellite quantum key distribution0 Oat Qhotonics 4235>9+7,=5;9!អ \\58^ Zin K. Dao Z. Miu T...Conceptual Modeling of a Quantum Key Distribution Simulation Framework Using the Discrete Event System Specification DISSERTATION Jeffrey D. Morris... QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SIMULATION FRAMEWORK USING THE DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEM SPECIFICATION DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty Department of Systems

  19. Mining the key predictors for event outbreaks in social networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yi, Chengqi; Bao, Yuanyuan; Xue, Yibo

    2016-04-01

    It will be beneficial to devise a method to predict a so-called event outbreak. Existing works mainly focus on exploring effective methods for improving the accuracy of predictions, while ignoring the underlying causes: What makes event go viral? What factors that significantly influence the prediction of an event outbreak in social networks? In this paper, we proposed a novel definition for an event outbreak, taking into account the structural changes to a network during the propagation of content. In addition, we investigated features that were sensitive to predicting an event outbreak. In order to investigate the universality of these features at different stages of an event, we split the entire lifecycle of an event into 20 equal segments according to the proportion of the propagation time. We extracted 44 features, including features related to content, users, structure, and time, from each segment of the event. Based on these features, we proposed a prediction method using supervised classification algorithms to predict event outbreaks. Experimental results indicate that, as time goes by, our method is highly accurate, with a precision rate ranging from 79% to 97% and a recall rate ranging from 74% to 97%. In addition, after applying a feature-selection algorithm, the top five selected features can considerably improve the accuracy of the prediction. Data-driven experimental results show that the entropy of the eigenvector centrality, the entropy of the PageRank, the standard deviation of the betweenness centrality, the proportion of re-shares without content, and the average path length are the key predictors for an event outbreak. Our findings are especially useful for further exploring the intrinsic characteristics of outbreak prediction.

  20. Artist concept illustrating key events on day by day basis during Apollo 9

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1969-01-01

    Artist concept illustrating key events on day by day basis during Apollo 9 mission. First photograph illustrates activities on the first day of the mission, including flight crew preparation, orbital insertion, 103 north mile orbit, separations, docking and docked Service Propulsion System Burn (19792); Second day events include landmark tracking, pitch maneuver, yaw-roll maneuver, and high apogee orbits (19793); Third day events include crew transfer and Lunar Module system evaluation (19794); Fourth day events include use of camera, day-night extravehicular activity, use of golden slippers, and television over Texas and Louisiana (19795); Fifth day events include vehicles undocked, Lunar Module burns for rendezvous, maximum separation, ascent propulsion system burn, formation flying and docking, and Lunar Module jettison ascent burn (19796); Sixth thru ninth day events include service propulsion system burns and landmark sightings, photograph special tests (19797); Tenth day events i

  1. Prototype Training Materials for Acceptance Criteria of Maintenance ASAP Events Occurring Within Social Context

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taylor, J. C.

    2004-01-01

    The aviation maintenance community is at a crossroads with respect to implementing the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP). While there is considerable interest, several key issues have emerged that cast doubt on how to assure a successful implementation, including buy-in from all levels of the company and training for key participants. There are two objectives for the present report. The first is to provide an examination of limits (or more properly, examples) of the degree of acceptability of more problematic events for risk-based decisions within the current ASAP guidelines. The second objective is to apply these limits of community standards to a set of further refined ASAP training scenarios.

  2. Discrete Event Simulation Modeling and Analysis of Key Leader Engagements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-01

    to offer. GreenPlayer agents require four parameters, pC, pKLK, pTK, and pRK , which give probabilities for being corrupt, having key leader...HandleMessageRequest component. The same parameter constraints apply to these four parameters. The parameter pRK is the same parameter from the CreatePlayers component...whether the local Green player has resource critical knowledge by using the parameter pRK . It schedules an EndResourceKnowledgeRequest event, passing

  3. Occurence of adverse events due to continuous glucose monitoring.

    PubMed

    Jadviscokova, Tereza; Fajkusova, Zuzana; Pallayova, Maria; Luza, Jiri; Kuzmina, Galina

    2007-12-01

    Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using transcutaneous sensors is becoming a sophisticated method to control and regulate glucose metabolism. The transcutaneous sensor of the CGM system (CGMS Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA, USA) is chosen to measure glucose concentration in interstitial fluid up to three days after insertion even though its function remains stable for a longer period. The question arises, which factors really limit the period of sensor insertion without unnecessary risk. The aim of this study was to assess any adverse events occurring in the course of 9 days after the sensor insertion. In a group of 22 healthy volunteers aged 21.8+/-1.30 y (mean +/- SE) a total of 26 sensors was inserted subcutaneously in gluteal or lumbar region for 9 days. Before insertion the site was sprayed with an antiseptic (Cutasept F, Bode Chemie, Hamburg, Germany). Local adverse reactions and disturbances in general condition were examined. In the course of 184 sensor-days, there were only minor local adverse events: hypersensitivity, itching, pain, redness, burning, subcutaneous hemorrhage. Additionally, sleep disturbances, attention deficits, problems related to the CGMS monitor, to adhesive tape and/or sensor were found. None of these resulted in sensor withdrawal. In 12 volunteers (55 %) no complications were observed. The sensor function measured according to electrical signals (ISIG) failed (always on day 1-2) in 4 cases (16 %). The present FDA approved 3-day insertion period for Medtronic transcutaneous sensor does not seem to limit its use and appears to be worth a careful revision.

  4. Key forecasts shaping nursing's perfect storm.

    PubMed

    Yoder-Wise, Patricia S

    2007-01-01

    Perfect storms abound in nursing and healthcare. How we plan for them and how we forecast effectively which ones will have tremendous impact on how we lead the profession is a challenge to anyone who is or will be a leader. This article focuses on key forecasts that contribute to creating perfect storms of the future. The "perfect storm" is a term found in multiple disciplines. The phrase denotes the condition that exists when events occur simultaneously with the result that this confluence has a greater impact than what could have resulted from a chance combination. Although perfect storms are rare, they have enormous impact when they occur, and if an alteration in any of the events occurs, the overall impact is lessened.

  5. Event-related brain potentials that distinguish false memory for events that occurred only seconds in the past.

    PubMed

    Chen, Hong; Voss, Joel L; Guo, Chunyan

    2012-07-30

    False memory often involves retrieving events from the distant past that did not actually happen. However, recent evidence obtained using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm for eliciting false memory experiences suggests that individuals can falsely believe that events occurred mere seconds in the past when they in fact did not. Subjects in these experiments endorsed unstudied critical lure words as having been studied, despite the fact that word lists were studied just moments before. We identified event-related brain potential (ERP) correlates of this experience, and included a repetition priming manipulation to better assess the functional significance of these ERPs. Behavioral and ERP data were collected from 21 Capital Normal University students using a short-term DRM task. Two categories of effects were identified that distinguished true from false short-term memory: (1) early semantic priming effects from 300 to 500 ms and (2) later retrieval and retrieval-monitoring effects after 500 ms. The repetition priming manipulation had distinct influences on these effects, consistent with their differential associations with semantic priming versus episodic retrieval. Characterization of ERPs related to semantic priming and episodic retrieval provides important information regarding the mechanisms of short-term false memory. In contrast, most studies examining false memory in standard long-delay DRM paradigms identify ERP effects related only to retrieval monitoring. These findings highlight the neural processing involved in illusions of memory after very brief delays and highlight the role of semantic processing in short-term false memory.

  6. Event-related brain potentials that distinguish false memory for events that occurred only seconds in the past

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background False memory often involves retrieving events from the distant past that did not actually happen. However, recent evidence obtained using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm for eliciting false memory experiences suggests that individuals can falsely believe that events occurred mere seconds in the past when they in fact did not. Subjects in these experiments endorsed unstudied critical lure words as having been studied, despite the fact that word lists were studied just moments before. We identified event-related brain potential (ERP) correlates of this experience, and included a repetition priming manipulation to better assess the functional significance of these ERPs. Methods Behavioral and ERP data were collected from 21 Capital Normal University students using a short-term DRM task. Results Two categories of effects were identified that distinguished true from false short-term memory: (1) early semantic priming effects from 300 to 500 ms and (2) later retrieval and retrieval-monitoring effects after 500 ms. The repetition priming manipulation had distinct influences on these effects, consistent with their differential associations with semantic priming versus episodic retrieval. Conclusion Characterization of ERPs related to semantic priming and episodic retrieval provides important information regarding the mechanisms of short-term false memory. In contrast, most studies examining false memory in standard long-delay DRM paradigms identify ERP effects related only to retrieval monitoring. These findings highlight the neural processing involved in illusions of memory after very brief delays and highlight the role of semantic processing in short-term false memory. PMID:22846189

  7. Molecular changes and signaling events occurring in sperm during epididymal maturation

    PubMed Central

    Gervasi, Maria Gracia; Visconti, Pablo E.

    2017-01-01

    After leaving the testis, sperm have not yet acquired the ability to move progressively and are unable to fertilize oocytes. To become fertilization-competent they must go through an epididymal maturation process in the male, and capacitation in the female tract. Epididymal maturation can be defined as those changes occurring to sperm in the epididymis that render the sperm the ability to capacitate in the female tract. As part of this process, sperm cells undergo a series of biochemical and physiological changes that require incorporation of new molecules derived from the epididymal epithelium, as well as post-translational modifications of endogenous proteins synthesized during spermiogenesis in the testis. This review will focus on epididymal maturation events, with emphasis in recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of this process. PMID:28297559

  8. Covert Network Analysis for Key Player Detection and Event Prediction Using a Hybrid Classifier

    PubMed Central

    Akram, M. Usman; Khan, Shoab A.; Javed, Muhammad Younus

    2014-01-01

    National security has gained vital importance due to increasing number of suspicious and terrorist events across the globe. Use of different subfields of information technology has also gained much attraction of researchers and practitioners to design systems which can detect main members which are actually responsible for such kind of events. In this paper, we present a novel method to predict key players from a covert network by applying a hybrid framework. The proposed system calculates certain centrality measures for each node in the network and then applies novel hybrid classifier for detection of key players. Our system also applies anomaly detection to predict any terrorist activity in order to help law enforcement agencies to destabilize the involved network. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework has been implemented and tested using different case studies including two publicly available datasets and one local network. PMID:25136674

  9. Solar Flare Super-Events: When they Can Occur and the Energy Limits of their Realization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ishkov, Vitaly N.

    2015-03-01

    For the successful development of terrestrial civilization it is necessary to estimate the space factors, including phenomena on Sun, which can ruin it or cause such catastrophic loss, that the restoration to the initial level can take unacceptably long time. Super-powerful solar flares are the only such phenomena. Therefore an attempt is undertaken to estimate the possibility of such super-event occurrence at this stage of our star evolution. Since solar flare events are the consequence of the newly emerging magnetic fluxes interacting with the already existing magnetic fields of active regions, are investigated the observed cases which lead to the realization of such super-events. From the observations of the maximal magnetic fluxes during the period of reliable solar observations, the conclusion is made that the super- extreme solar flares cannot significantly exceed the most powerful solar flares which have already been observed. On the statistics of the reliable solar cycles the sunspot groups, in which occurred the most powerful solar super-events (August- September 1859 - solar cycle 10; June 1991 - SC 22; October-November 2003 - SC 23) appeared in the periods of the solar magnetic field reorganization between the epochs of "increased" and "lowered" solar activity.

  10. Dose and Effect Thresholds for Early Key Events in a Mode of PPARa-Mediated Action

    EPA Science Inventory

    ABSTRACT Strategies for predicting adverse health outcomes of environmental chemicals are centered on early key events in toxicity pathways. However, quantitative relationships between early molecular changes in a given pathway and later health effects are often poorly defined. T...

  11. Magnitude Based Discrimination of Manmade Seismic Events From Naturally Occurring Earthquakes in Utah, USA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koper, K. D.; Pechmann, J. C.; Burlacu, R.; Pankow, K. L.; Stein, J. R.; Hale, J. M.; Roberson, P.; McCarter, M. K.

    2016-12-01

    We investigate the feasibility of using the difference between local (ML) and coda duration (MC) magnitude as a means of discriminating manmade seismic events from naturally occurring tectonic earthquakes in and around Utah. Using a dataset of nearly 7,000 well-located earthquakes in the Utah region, we find that ML-MC is on average 0.44 magnitude units smaller for mining induced seismicity (MIS) than for tectonic seismicity (TS). MIS occurs within near-surface low-velocity layers that act as a waveguide and preferentially increase coda duration relative to peak amplitude, while the vast majority of TS occurs beneath the near-surface waveguide. A second dataset of more than 3,700 probable explosions in the Utah region also has significantly lower ML-MC values than TS, likely for the same reason as the MIS. These observations suggest that ML-MC, or related measures of peak amplitude versus signal duration, may be useful for discriminating small explosions from earthquakes at local-to-regional distances. ML and MC can be determined for small events with relatively few observations, hence an ML-MC discriminant can be effective in cases where moment tensor inversion is not possible because of low data quality or poorly known Green's functions. Furthermore, an ML-MC discriminant does not rely on the existence of the fast attenuating Rg phase at regional distances. ML-MC may provide a local-to-regional distance extension of the mb-MS discriminant that has traditionally been effective at identifying large nuclear explosions with teleseismic data. This topic is of growing interest in forensic seismology, in part because the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a zero tolerance treaty that prohibits all nuclear explosions, no matter how small. If the CTBT were to come into force, source discrimination at local distances would be required to verify compliance.

  12. Dose and Effect Thresholds for Early Key Events in a Mode of ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    ABSTRACT Strategies for predicting adverse health outcomes of environmental chemicals are centered on early key events in toxicity pathways. However, quantitative relationships between early molecular changes in a given pathway and later health effects are often poorly defined. The goal of this study was to evaluate short-term key event indicators using qualitative and quantitative methods in an established pathway of mouse liver tumorigenesis mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). Male B6C3F1 mice were exposed for 7 days to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), which vary in PPARα activity and liver tumorigenicity. Each phthalate increased expression of select PPARα target genes at 7 days, while only DEHP significantly increased liver cell proliferation labeling index (LI). Transcriptional benchmark dose (BMDT) estimates for dose-related genomic markers stratified phthalates according to hypothetical tumorigenic potencies, unlike BMDs for non-genomic endpoints (liver weights or proliferation). The 7-day BMDT values for Acot1 as a surrogate measure for PPARα activation were 29, 370, and 676 mg/kg-d for DEHP, DNOP, and BBP, respectively, distinguishing DEHP (liver tumor BMD of 35 mg/kg-d) from non-tumorigenic DNOP and BBP. Effect thresholds were generated using linear regression of DEHP effects at 7 days and 2-year tumor incidence values to anchor early response molec

  13. 14 CFR 437.31 - Verification of operating area containment and key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...(a) to contain its reusable suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point within an operating area... limits on the ability of the reusable suborbital rocket to leave the operating area; or (2) Abort... requirements of § 437.59 to conduct any key flight-safety event so that the reusable suborbital rocket's...

  14. 14 CFR 437.31 - Verification of operating area containment and key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...(a) to contain its reusable suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point within an operating area... limits on the ability of the reusable suborbital rocket to leave the operating area; or (2) Abort... requirements of § 437.59 to conduct any key flight-safety event so that the reusable suborbital rocket's...

  15. 14 CFR 437.31 - Verification of operating area containment and key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...(a) to contain its reusable suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point within an operating area... limits on the ability of the reusable suborbital rocket to leave the operating area; or (2) Abort... requirements of § 437.59 to conduct any key flight-safety event so that the reusable suborbital rocket's...

  16. 14 CFR 437.31 - Verification of operating area containment and key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...(a) to contain its reusable suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point within an operating area... limits on the ability of the reusable suborbital rocket to leave the operating area; or (2) Abort... requirements of § 437.59 to conduct any key flight-safety event so that the reusable suborbital rocket's...

  17. 14 CFR 437.31 - Verification of operating area containment and key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...(a) to contain its reusable suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point within an operating area... limits on the ability of the reusable suborbital rocket to leave the operating area; or (2) Abort... requirements of § 437.59 to conduct any key flight-safety event so that the reusable suborbital rocket's...

  18. Reduced hospitalization cost for upper gastrointestinal events that occur among elderly veterans who are gastroprotected.

    PubMed

    Abraham, Neena S; Hartman, Christine; Hasche, Jennifer

    2010-04-01

    Despite prescription of gastroprotection among elderly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users, residual bleeding can still occur. We sought to determine the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on hospitalization and resource use among veterans in whom an upper gastrointestinal event (UGIE) occurred. We identified from national pharmacy records veterans > or =65 years prescribed an NSAID, cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAID (coxib), or salicylate (>325 mg/day) at any Veterans Affairs (VA) facility (01/01/00-12/31/04). Prescription fill data were linked longitudinally to a Veterans Affairs-Medicare dataset of inpatient, outpatient, and death files, and demographic and provider data. Among veterans in whom a UGIE occurred, we assessed the effect of prescription strategy on hospitalization, using a multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 3566 UGIEs occurred among a cohort that was predominantly male (97.5%), white (77%), with a mean age of 73.5 (SD, 5.7). Hospitalization occurred in 47.5%, and gastroprotection was associated with a 30% reduction in hospitalization compared with no PPI. Five-year pharmacy costs associated with the PPI strategy exceeded the no-PPI strategy ($742,406 vs $184,282); however, a substantial reduction in medical costs was observed with PPI ($9,948,738 vs $18,686,081). Even if an NSAID-UGIE occurs in the PPI-protected older veteran, the reduction in need for hospitalization results in a cost saving to the Department of Veterans Affairs. Copyright 2010 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Wheat domestication: Key to agricultural revolutions past and future

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The domestication of wheat was instrumental in the transition of human behavior from hunter-gatherers to farmers. It was a key event in the agricultural revolution that occurred about 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East. Transitions of forms with natural seed dispersal mechan...

  20. Evaluation of key events in the mode of action for a carry-over carcinogen in mice

    EPA Science Inventory

    Evaluation of key events in the mode of action for a carry-over carcinogen in mice Charles E. Wood, April D. Lake, Greg Olson, Michael H. George, Susan D. Hester, Anthony B. DeAngelo Introduction: Early life environmental exposures are established determinants for adverse health...

  1. Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion A multidisciplinary approach to unravel cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean zone

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Although evolution is now recognized as improving the invasive success of populations, where and when key adaptation event(s) occur often remains unclear. Here we used a multidisciplinary approach to disentangle the eco-evolutionary scenario of invasion of a Mediterranean zone (i.e. Israel) by the t...

  2. Markerless identification of key events in gait cycle using image flow.

    PubMed

    Vishnoi, Nalini; Duric, Zoran; Gerber, Naomi Lynn

    2012-01-01

    Gait analysis has been an interesting area of research for several decades. In this paper, we propose image-flow-based methods to compute the motion and velocities of different body segments automatically, using a single inexpensive video camera. We then identify and extract different events of the gait cycle (double-support, mid-swing, toe-off and heel-strike) from video images. Experiments were conducted in which four walking subjects were captured from the sagittal plane. Automatic segmentation was performed to isolate the moving body from the background. The head excursion and the shank motion were then computed to identify the key frames corresponding to different events in the gait cycle. Our approach does not require calibrated cameras or special markers to capture movement. We have also compared our method with the Optotrak 3D motion capture system and found our results in good agreement with the Optotrak results. The development of our method has potential use in the markerless and unencumbered video capture of human locomotion. Monitoring gait in homes and communities provides a useful application for the aged and the disabled. Our method could potentially be used as an assessment tool to determine gait symmetry or to establish the normal gait pattern of an individual.

  3. Negated bio-events: analysis and identification

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Negation occurs frequently in scientific literature, especially in biomedical literature. It has previously been reported that around 13% of sentences found in biomedical research articles contain negation. Historically, the main motivation for identifying negated events has been to ensure their exclusion from lists of extracted interactions. However, recently, there has been a growing interest in negative results, which has resulted in negation detection being identified as a key challenge in biomedical relation extraction. In this article, we focus on the problem of identifying negated bio-events, given gold standard event annotations. Results We have conducted a detailed analysis of three open access bio-event corpora containing negation information (i.e., GENIA Event, BioInfer and BioNLP’09 ST), and have identified the main types of negated bio-events. We have analysed the key aspects of a machine learning solution to the problem of detecting negated events, including selection of negation cues, feature engineering and the choice of learning algorithm. Combining the best solutions for each aspect of the problem, we propose a novel framework for the identification of negated bio-events. We have evaluated our system on each of the three open access corpora mentioned above. The performance of the system significantly surpasses the best results previously reported on the BioNLP’09 ST corpus, and achieves even better results on the GENIA Event and BioInfer corpora, both of which contain more varied and complex events. Conclusions Recently, in the field of biomedical text mining, the development and enhancement of event-based systems has received significant interest. The ability to identify negated events is a key performance element for these systems. We have conducted the first detailed study on the analysis and identification of negated bio-events. Our proposed framework can be integrated with state-of-the-art event extraction systems. The

  4. Crop Damage by Primates: Quantifying the Key Parameters of Crop-Raiding Events

    PubMed Central

    Wallace, Graham E.; Hill, Catherine M.

    2012-01-01

    Human-wildlife conflict often arises from crop-raiding, and insights regarding which aspects of raiding events determine crop loss are essential when developing and evaluating deterrents. However, because accounts of crop-raiding behaviour are frequently indirect, these parameters are rarely quantified or explicitly linked to crop damage. Using systematic observations of the behaviour of non-human primates on farms in western Uganda, this research identifies number of individuals raiding and duration of raid as the primary parameters determining crop loss. Secondary factors include distance travelled onto farm, age composition of the raiding group, and whether raids are in series. Regression models accounted for greater proportions of variation in crop loss when increasingly crop and species specific. Parameter values varied across primate species, probably reflecting differences in raiding tactics or perceptions of risk, and thereby providing indices of how comfortable primates are on-farm. Median raiding-group sizes were markedly smaller than the typical sizes of social groups. The research suggests that key parameters of raiding events can be used to measure the behavioural impacts of deterrents to raiding. Furthermore, farmers will benefit most from methods that discourage raiding by multiple individuals, reduce the size of raiding groups, or decrease the amount of time primates are on-farm. This study demonstrates the importance of directly relating crop loss to the parameters of raiding events, using systematic observations of the behaviour of multiple primate species. PMID:23056378

  5. A high dose mode of action for tetrabromobisphenol A-induced uterine adenocarcinomas in Wistar Han rats: A critical evaluation of key events in an adverse outcome pathway framework.

    PubMed

    Wikoff, D S; Rager, J E; Haws, L C; Borghoff, S J

    2016-06-01

    TBBPA is a non-genotoxic flame retardant used to improve fire safety in a wide variety of consumer products. Estimated human exposures to TBBPA are very low (<0.000084 mg/kg-day), relative to the doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg-day of TBBPA) administered in a recent bioassay that resulted in uterine tumors in Wistar Han rats following chronic exposure. As part of an effort to characterize the relevance of the uterine tumors to humans, data and biological knowledge relevant to the progression of events associated with TBBPA-induced uterine tumors in female rats were organized in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. Based on a review of possible MOAs for chemically induced uterine tumors and available TBBPA data sets, a plausible molecular initiating event (MIE) was the ability of TBBPA to bind to and inhibit estrogen sulfotransferases, the enzymes responsible for sulfation of estradiol. Subsequent key events in the AOP, including increased bioavailability of unconjugated estrogens in uterine tissue, would occur as a result of decreased sulfation, leading to a disruption in estrogen homeostasis, increased expression of estrogen responsive genes, cell proliferation, and hyperplasia. Available data support subsequent key events, including generation of reactive quinones from the metabolism of estrogens, followed by DNA damage that could contribute to the development of uterine tumors. Uncertainties associated with human relevance are highlighted by potential strain/species sensitivities to development of uterine tumors, as well as the characterization of a dose-dependent MIE. For the latter, it was determined that the TBBPA metabolic profile is altered at high doses (such as those used in the cancer bioassay), and thus an MIE that is only operative under repeated high dose, administration. The MIE and subsequent key events for the development of TBBPA-induced uterine tumors are not feasible in humans given differences in the kinetic and dynamic factors associated

  6. Differential ecophysiological responses and resilience to heat wave events in four co-occurring temperate tree species

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guha, Anirban; Han, Jimei; Cummings, Cadan; McLennan, David A.; Warren, Jeffrey M.

    2018-06-01

    Extreme summer heat waves are known to induce foliar and stem mortality in temperate forest ecosystems, yet our mechanistic knowledge of physiological thresholds for damage is lacking. Current spatiotemporal simulations of forest growth responses to climate change fail to explain the variability between co-occurring tree species to climate extremes, indicating a need for new model frameworks that include mechanistic understanding of trait-specific responses. In this context, using manipulative heat wave (hw) experiments we investigated ecophysiological responses and physiological recovery in four co-occurring temperate tree species of the southeastern United States including three deciduous angiosperms: southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.), shumard oak (Q. shumardii Buckl.) and, tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and one evergreen conifer: eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). The objectives were to investigate inter-specific differences in ecophysiological responses to hw events to understand mechanistic differences in resilience that may be useful for future model development. Two-year-old, well-irrigated potted saplings were exposed to progressively increasing extreme hw diurnal cycles followed by a recovery cycle, with peak midday air temperature increasing from 37 °C to a maximum of 51 °C on the third day of the hw. Plants were assessed for various photosynthetic and water use responses, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosystem-II (PSII) activity, leaf temperature and foliar pigments. Intense heat caused progressive down-regulation in net photosynthesis, but the stomata remained operational, which helped cool leaves through loss of latent heat. Even though whole plant transpiration increased for all species, the rate plateaued at higher hw events that allowed leaf temperature to exceed 45 °C, well beyond the optimal range. A significant increase in non-photochemical quenching over the hw cycles was evident in all species though

  7. Co-Occurring Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Firesetting Among At-Risk Adolescents: Experiences of Negative Life Events, Mental Health Problems, Substance Use, and Suicidality.

    PubMed

    Tanner, Alicia; Hasking, Penelope; Martin, Graham

    2016-01-01

    Co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in adolescence typically marks more severe psychopathology and poorer psychosocial functioning than engagement in a single problem behavior. We examined the negative life events, emotional and behavioral problems, substance use, and suicidality of school-based adolescents reporting both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and repetitive firesetting, compared to those engaging in either behavior alone. Differences in NSSI characteristics among self-injurers who set fires, compared to those who did not, were also assessed. A total of 384 at-risk adolescents aged 12-18 years (58.8% female) completed self-report questionnaires measuring NSSI, firesetting, and key variables of interest. Results suggest that adolescents who both self-injure and deliberately set fires represent a low-prevalence but distinct high-risk subgroup, characterized by increased rates of interpersonal difficulties, mental health problems and substance use, more severe self-injury, and suicidal behavior. Implications for prevention and early intervention initiatives are discussed.

  8. Outcomes after asystole events occurring during wearable defibrillator-cardioverter use.

    PubMed

    Liang, Jackson J; Bianco, Nicole R; Muser, Daniele; Enriquez, Andres; Santangeli, Pasquale; D'Souza, Benjamin A

    2018-04-26

    To examine whether wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) alarms for asystole improve patient outcomes and survival. All asystole episodes recorded by the WCD in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed from a database of device and medical record documentation and customer call reports. Events were classified as asystole episodes if initial presenting arrhythmia was asystole (< 10 beats/minor ≥ 5 s pause). Survival was defined as recovery at the scene or arrival to a medical facility alive, or not requiring immediate medical attention. Episodes occurring in hospitals, nursing homes, or ambulances were considered to be under medical care. Serious asystole episodes were defined as resulting in unconsciousness, hospital transfer, or death. Of the total 51933 patients having worn the WCD in 2013, there were 257 patients (0.5%) who had asystole episodes and comprised the study cohort. Among the 257 patients (74% male, median age 69 years), there were 264 asystole episodes. Overall patient survival was 42%. Most asystoles were considered "serious" ( n = 201 in 201 patients, 76%), with a 26% survival rate. All 56 patients with "non-serious" asystole episodes survived. Being under medical care was associated with worse survival of serious asystoles. Among acute survivors, 20% later died during WCD use (a median 4 days post asystole episode). Of the 86 living patients at the end of WCD use period, 48 (56%) received ICD/pacemaker and 17 (20%) improved their condition. Survival rates after asystole in patients with WCD are higher than historically reported survival rates. Those under medical care at time of asystole exhibited lower survival.

  9. The Diffusion and Appropriation of Ideas in the Science Classroom: Developing a Taxonomy of Events Occurring 'between' Groups of Learners.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Windschitl, Mark

    2001-01-01

    Identifies, describes, and categorizes events occurring between members of different learning groups in three ninth-grade physical science classrooms. Explains how concepts, ideas, tools, tool-related practices, and materials diffused throughout the classroom environment were appropriated by learners in various ways to contribute to the…

  10. Elevated Appraisals of the Negative Impact of Naturally Occurring Life Events: A Risk Factor for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Espejo, Emmanuel Peter; Hammen, Constance; Brennan, Patricia A.

    2012-01-01

    The tendency to appraise naturally occurring life events (LEs) as having high negative impact may be a predisposing factor for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In the current study, appraisals of the negative impact of recent LEs were examined in relationship to depressive and anxiety disorders in a sample of 653 adolescents…

  11. Common cellular events occur during wound healing and organ regeneration in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima.

    PubMed

    San Miguel-Ruiz, José E; García-Arrarás, José E

    2007-10-18

    All animals possess some type of tissue repair mechanism. In some species, the capacity to repair tissues is limited to the healing of wounds. Other species, such as echinoderms, posses a striking repair capability that can include the replacement of entire organs. It has been reported that some mechanisms, namely extracellular matrix remodeling, appear to occur in most repair processes. However, it remains unclear to what extent the process of organ regeneration, particularly in animals where loss and regeneration of complex structures is a programmed natural event, is similar to wound healing. We have now used the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima to address this question. Animals were lesioned by making a 3-5 mm transverse incision between one of the longitudinal muscle pairs along the bodywall. Lesioned tissues included muscle, nerve, water canal and dermis. Animals were allowed to heal for up to four weeks (2, 6, 12, 20, and 28 days post-injury) before sacrificed. Tissues were sectioned in a cryostat and changes in cellular and tissue elements during repair were evaluated using classical dyes, immmuohistochemistry and phalloidin labeling. In addition, the temporal and spatial distribution of cell proliferation in the animals was assayed using BrdU incorporation. We found that cellular events associated with wound healing in H. glaberrima correspond to those previously shown to occur during intestinal regeneration. These include: (1) an increase in the number of spherule-containing cells, (2) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, (3) formation of spindle-like structures that signal dedifferentiation of muscle cells in the area flanking the lesion site and (4) intense cellular division occurring mainly in the coelomic epithelium after the first week of regeneration. Our data indicate that H. glaberrima employs analogous cellular mechanisms during wound healing and organ regeneration. Thus, it is possible that regenerative limitations in some organisms are due

  12. 76 FR 68314 - Special Local Regulations; Key West World Championship, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-04

    ...-AA08 Special Local Regulations; Key West World Championship, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL AGENCY: Coast... World Championship, a series of high-speed boat races. The event is scheduled to take place on Wednesday... Key West World Championship, a series of high-speed boat races. The event will be held on the waters...

  13. Pan-cancer transcriptomic analysis associates long non-coding RNAs with key mutational driver events

    PubMed Central

    Ashouri, Arghavan; Sayin, Volkan I.; Van den Eynden, Jimmy; Singh, Simranjit X.; Papagiannakopoulos, Thales; Larsson, Erik

    2016-01-01

    Thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) lie interspersed with coding genes across the genome, and a small subset has been implicated as downstream effectors in oncogenic pathways. Here we make use of transcriptome and exome sequencing data from thousands of tumours across 19 cancer types, to identify lncRNAs that are induced or repressed in relation to somatic mutations in key oncogenic driver genes. Our screen confirms known coding and non-coding effectors and also associates many new lncRNAs to relevant pathways. The associations are often highly reproducible across cancer types, and while many lncRNAs are co-expressed with their protein-coding hosts or neighbours, some are intergenic and independent. We highlight lncRNAs with possible functions downstream of the tumour suppressor TP53 and the master antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of lncRNA transcriptional alterations in relation to key driver mutational events in human cancers. PMID:28959951

  14. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake: A Complicated Event Occurred in a Young Fault System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Jianbao; Yue, Han; Shen, Zhengkang; Fang, Lihua; Zhan, Yan; Sun, Xiangyu

    2018-03-01

    The Minshan Uplift Zone (MUZ) is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is the junction of three tectonic terranes. The observed discrepancy between a high uplifting and low shortening rate over the MUZ is attributed to the intrusion of a viscous lower crust. In the last 50 years, several significant earthquakes occurred at the boundaries of the MUZ, that is, the Huya and Mingjiang faults. On 8 August 2017, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Mw 6.5) occurred on the northern extension of the Huya fault. We adopt a joint inversion of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar and teleseismic body wave data to investigate the rupture process of this event. The obtained slip model is dominated by left-lateral strike slips on a subvertical fault presenting significant shallow slip deficit. The rupture initiation is composed of both thrust and strike-slip mechanisms producing a non-double-couple solution. We also resolve a secondary fault branch forming an obtuse angle with the main fault plane at its northern end. These phenomena indicate that the northern Huya fault is a young (less mature) fault system. Focal mechanisms of the regional earthquakes demonstrate that the northern and southern Huya faults present different combinations of strike-slip and reversed motion. We attribute such discrepancy to the lateral extension of the viscous lower crust, which appears to extrude to the east beyond the northern Huya fault, in comparison with that confined under the MUZ near the southern Huya fault. This conceptual model is also supported by geomorphological and magnetotelluric observations.

  15. Synopsis of key persons, events, and associations in the history of Latino psychology.

    PubMed

    Padilla, Amado M; Olmedo, Esteban

    2009-10-01

    In this article, we present a brief synopsis of six early Latino psychologists, several key conferences, the establishment of research centers, and early efforts to create an association for Latino psychologists. Our chronology runs from approximately 1930 to 2000. This history is a firsthand account of how these early leaders, conferences, and efforts to bring Latinos and Latinas together served as a backdrop to current research and practice in Latino psychology. This history of individuals and events is also intertwined with the American Psychological Association and the National Institute of Mental Health and efforts by Latino psychologists to obtain the professional support necessary to lay down the roots of a Latino presence in psychology. Copyright 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

  16. The Unfolding of LGBT Lives: Key Events Associated With Health and Well-being in Later Life

    PubMed Central

    Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I.; Bryan, Amanda E. B.; Jen, Sarah; Goldsen, Jayn; Kim, Hyun-Jun; Muraco, Anna

    2017-01-01

    Purpose of the Study: Life events are associated with the health and well-being of older adults. Using the Health Equity Promotion Model, this article explores historical and environmental context as it frames life experiences and adaptation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Design and Methods: This was the largest study to date of LGBT older adults to identify life events related to identity development, work, and kin relationships and their associations with health and quality of life (QOL). Using latent profile analysis (LPA), clusters of life events were identified and associations between life event clusters were tested. Results: On average, LGBT older adults first disclosed their identities in their 20s; many experienced job-related discrimination. More had been in opposite-sex marriage than in same-sex marriage. Four clusters emerged: “Retired Survivors” were the oldest and one of the most prevalent groups; “Midlife Bloomers” first disclosed their LGBT identities in mid-40s, on average; “Beleaguered At-Risk” had high rates of job-related discrimination and few social resources; and “Visibly Resourced” had a high degree of identity visibility and were socially and economically advantaged. Clusters differed significantly in mental and physical health and QOL, with the Visibly Resourced faring best and Beleaguered At-Risk faring worst on most indicators; Retired Survivors and Midlife Bloomers showed similar health and QOL. Implications: Historical and environmental contexts frame normative and non-normative life events. Future research will benefit from the use of longitudinal data and an assessment of timing and sequencing of key life events in the lives of LGBT older adults. PMID:28087792

  17. Switch Costs Occur at Lemma Stage When Bilinguals Name Digits: Evidence from Language-Switching and Event-Related Potentials.

    PubMed

    Chang, Song; Xie, Jiushu; Li, Li; Wang, Ruiming; Liu, Ming

    2016-01-01

    Switch costs are generally found in language switching tasks. However, the locus where switch costs occur during bilingual language production remains unclear. Several studies that used a cued language-switching paradigm have attempted to investigate this question in bilingual language production, but researchers have not reached a consensus. Moreover, we are interested in where switch costs occur when language selection occurs after lemma activation. Previous studies have not investigated this question because most previous studies presented language cues before or along with the stimuli. Therefore, we used a modified cued language-switching paradigm with a combined event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the locus of switch costs during bilingual language production. The cue and stimulus were separated and presented in two different presentation sequences in which Indonesian-Chinese bilingual speakers were instructed to name digits in their L1 or L2 according to the color of the cue. The ERPs related to the cue and stimulus for two presentation sequences were measured. In the stimulus-cue sequence, the analysis that was time-locked to cues revealed a reversed switch cost as early as 220 ms after the cue onset; furthermore, a switch cost was shown in L1 with a late stage post-cue onset. The results suggested that when language selection occurred after lemma activation, the switch costs mainly occurred at the lemma selection stage. In the cue-stimulus sequence, the analysis that was time-locked to cues did not reveal significant main effects of switching, whereas the analysis that was time-locked to digits yielded a switch cost, again indicating that switch costs mainly occurred at the lemma selection stage rather than at the language task schema competition stage. Overall, our results indicated that when bilinguals spoke digits aloud in the language switching task, switch costs mainly occurred at the lemma selection stage.

  18. The Unfolding of LGBT Lives: Key Events Associated With Health and Well-being in Later Life.

    PubMed

    Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I; Bryan, Amanda E B; Jen, Sarah; Goldsen, Jayn; Kim, Hyun-Jun; Muraco, Anna

    2017-02-01

    Life events are associated with the health and well-being of older adults. Using the Health Equity Promotion Model, this article explores historical and environmental context as it frames life experiences and adaptation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. This was the largest study to date of LGBT older adults to identify life events related to identity development, work, and kin relationships and their associations with health and quality of life (QOL). Using latent profile analysis (LPA), clusters of life events were identified and associations between life event clusters were tested. On average, LGBT older adults first disclosed their identities in their 20s; many experienced job-related discrimination. More had been in opposite-sex marriage than in same-sex marriage. Four clusters emerged: "Retired Survivors" were the oldest and one of the most prevalent groups; "Midlife Bloomers" first disclosed their LGBT identities in mid-40s, on average; "Beleaguered At-Risk" had high rates of job-related discrimination and few social resources; and "Visibly Resourced" had a high degree of identity visibility and were socially and economically advantaged. Clusters differed significantly in mental and physical health and QOL, with the Visibly Resourced faring best and Beleaguered At-Risk faring worst on most indicators; Retired Survivors and Midlife Bloomers showed similar health and QOL. Historical and environmental contexts frame normative and non-normative life events. Future research will benefit from the use of longitudinal data and an assessment of timing and sequencing of key life events in the lives of LGBT older adults. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  19. Planning for a Violent Intruder Event: The School Nurse's Role.

    PubMed

    Selekman, Janice; Melvin, Joseph

    2017-05-01

    School shootings occur too frequently and often with devastating results. The key to prevention and mitigation of these events is to have a plan that is simple, up-to-date, disseminated, and practiced. This article discusses the steps that school nurses can take to work with school administration to prepare themselves, their staff, and their students.

  20. Temporal distortion in the perception of actions and events.

    PubMed

    Yabe, Yoshiko; Dave, Hemangi; Goodale, Melvyn A

    2017-01-01

    In everyday life, actions and sensory events occur in complex sequences, with events triggering actions that in turn give rise to additional events and so on. Earlier work has shown that a sensory event that is triggered by a voluntary action is perceived to have occurred earlier in time than an identical event that is not triggered by an action. In other words, events that are believed to be caused by our actions are drawn forward in time towards our actions. Similarly, when a sensory event triggers an action, that event is again drawn in time towards the action and is thus perceived to have occurred later than it really did. This alteration in time perception serves to bind together events and actions that are causally linked. It is not clear, however, whether or not the perceived timing of a sensory event embedded within a longer series of actions and sensory events is also temporally bound to the actions in that sequence. In the current study, we measured the temporal binding in sequences consisting of two simple dyads of event-action and action-event in a series of manual action tasks: an event-action-event triad (Experiment 1) and an action-event-action triad (Experiment 2). Auditory tones either triggered an action or were presented 250ms after an action was performed. To reduce the influence of sensory events other than the tone, such as a noise associated with pressing a key on a keyboard, we used an optical sensor to detect hand movements where no contact was made with a surface. In Experiment 1, there appeared to be no change in the perceived onset of an auditory tone when the onset of that tone followed a hand movement and then the tone triggered a second hand movement. It was as if the temporal binding between the action and the tone and then the tone and the subsequent action summed algebraically and cancelled each other out. In Experiment 2, both the perceived onset of an initial tone which triggered an action and the perceived onset of a second tone

  1. Genome Alignment Spanning Major Poaceae Lineages Reveals Heterogeneous Evolutionary Rates and Alters Inferred Dates for Key Evolutionary Events.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xiyin; Wang, Jingpeng; Jin, Dianchuan; Guo, Hui; Lee, Tae-Ho; Liu, Tao; Paterson, Andrew H

    2015-06-01

    Multiple comparisons among genomes can clarify their evolution, speciation, and functional innovations. To date, the genome sequences of eight grasses representing the most economically important Poaceae (grass) clades have been published, and their genomic-level comparison is an essential foundation for evolutionary, functional, and translational research. Using a formal and conservative approach, we aligned these genomes. Direct comparison of paralogous gene pairs all duplicated simultaneously reveal striking variation in evolutionary rates among whole genomes, with nucleotide substitution slowest in rice and up to 48% faster in other grasses, adding a new dimension to the value of rice as a grass model. We reconstructed ancestral genome contents for major evolutionary nodes, potentially contributing to understanding the divergence and speciation of grasses. Recent fossil evidence suggests revisions of the estimated dates of key evolutionary events, implying that the pan-grass polyploidization occurred ∼96 million years ago and could not be related to the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction as previously inferred. Adjusted dating to reflect both updated fossil evidence and lineage-specific evolutionary rates suggested that maize subgenome divergence and maize-sorghum divergence were virtually simultaneous, a coincidence that would be explained if polyploidization directly contributed to speciation. This work lays a solid foundation for Poaceae translational genomics. Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. A Summary of Some Discrete-Event System Control Problems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rudie, Karen

    A summary of the area of control of discrete-event systems is given. In this research area, automata and formal language theory is used as a tool to model physical problems that arise in technological and industrial systems. The key ingredients to discrete-event control problems are a process that can be modeled by an automaton, events in that process that cannot be disabled or prevented from occurring, and a controlling agent that manipulates the events that can be disabled to guarantee that the process under control either generates all the strings in some prescribed language or as many strings as possible in some prescribed language. When multiple controlling agents act on a process, decentralized control problems arise. In decentralized discrete-event systems, it is presumed that the agents effecting control cannot each see all event occurrences. Partial observation leads to some problems that cannot be solved in polynomial time and some others that are not even decidable.

  3. Usefulness of a KT Event to Address Practice and Policy Gaps Related to Integrated Care.

    PubMed

    Jackson, Karen; Boakye, Omenaa; Wallace, Nicole

    2016-02-01

    There are limited evaluations of the impact of knowledge translation (KT) activities aimed at addressing practice and policy gaps. We report on the impact of an interactive, end-of-grant KT event. Although action items were developed and key stakeholder support attained, minimal follow-through had occurred three months after the KT event. Several organizational obstacles to transitioning knowledge into action were identified: leadership, program policies, infrastructure, changing priorities, workload and physician engagement. Key messages include: (1) ensure ongoing and facilitated networking opportunities, (2) invest in building implementation capacity, (3) target multi-level implementation activities and (4) focus further research on KT evaluation. Copyright © 2016 Longwoods Publishing.

  4. Combining geomorphic and documentary flood evidence to reconstruct extreme events in Mediterranean basins

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thorndycraft, V. R.; Benito, G.; Barriendos, M.; Rico, M.; Sánchez-Moya, Y.; Sopeña, A.; Casas, A.

    2009-09-01

    Palaeoflood hydrology is the reconstruction of flood magnitude and frequency using geomorphological flood evidence and is particularly valuable for extending the record of extreme floods prior to the availability of instrumental data series. This paper will provide a review of recent developments in palaeoflood hydrology and will be presented in three parts: 1) an overview of the key methodological approaches used in palaeoflood hydrology and the use of historical documentary evidence for reconstructing extreme events; 2) a summary of the Llobregat River palaeoflood case study (Catalonia, NE Spain); and 3) analysis of the AD 1617 flood and its impacts across Catalonia (including the rivers Llobregat, Ter and Segre). The key findings of the Llobregat case study were that at least eight floods occurred with discharges significantly larger than events recorded in the instrumental record, for example at the Pont de Vilomara study reach the palaeodischarges of these events were 3700-4300 m3/s compared to the 1971 flood, the largest on record, of 2300 m3/s. Five of these floods were dated to the last 3000 years and the three events directly dated by radiocarbon all occurred during cold phases of global climate. Comparison of the palaeoflood record with documentary evidence indicated that one flood, radiocarbon dated to cal. AD 1540-1670, was likely to be the AD 1617 event, the largest flood of the last 700 years. Historical records indicate that this event was caused by rainfall occurring from the 2nd to 6th November and the resultant flooding caused widespread socio-economic impacts including the destruction of at least 389 houses, 22 bridges and 17 water mills. Discharges estimated from palaeoflood records and historical flood marks indicate that the Llobregat (4680 m3/s) and Ter (2700-4500 m3/s) rivers witnessed extreme discharges in comparison to observed floods in the instrumental record (2300 and 2350 m3/s, respectively); whilst further east in the Segre River

  5. Transcriptomic dose-and-time-course indicators of early key events in a cytotoxicity-mediated mode of action for rodent urinary bladder tumorigenesis

    EPA Science Inventory

    TRANSCRIPTOMIC DOSE- AND TIME-COURSE INDICATORS OF EARLY KEY EVENTS IN A CYTOTOXICITY-MEDIATED MODE OF ACTION FOR RODENT URINARY BLADDER TUMORIGENESISDiuron is a substituted urea compound used globally as an herbicide. Urinary bladder tumors were induced in rats after chronic die...

  6. An annotated key to the identification of commonly occurring and dominant genera of algae observed in the phytoplankton of the United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Greeson, Phillip E.

    1982-01-01

    In early 1979, a retrieval was made for all phytoplankton data contained in the computerized data file of the U. S. Geological Survey. The retrieval revealed the analytical results of 17,959 samples collected and processed between October 1973 and October 1978. Of the approximately 500 genera of freshwater algae reported in the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey observed 321 genera in the phytoplankton. Fifty-two genera were considered to be commonly occurring and 42 genera were considered to be community dominants. The report lists, describes, and provides a detailed taxonomic key to the identification of 58 genera of algae considered either commonly occurring or dominant. Also included is a summary of environmental conditions under which each algal genus was observed, as well as a glossary and an extensive list of selected references.

  7. Clinical characteristics and HLA alleles of a family with simultaneously occurring alopecia areata.

    PubMed

    Emre, Selma; Metin, Ahmet; Caykoylu, Ali; Akoglu, Gulsen; Ceylan, Gülay G; Oztekin, Aynure; Col, Esra S

    2016-06-01

    Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease resulting in partial or total noncicatricial hair loss. HLA class II antigens are the most important markers that constitute genetic predisposition to AA. Various life events and intense psychological stress may play an important role in triggering AA attacks. We report an unusual case series of 4 family members who had simultaneously occurring active AA lesions. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical and psychiatric features of 4 cases of active AA lesions occurring simultaneously in a family and determine HLA alleles. The clinical and psychological features of all patients were examined. HLA antigen DNA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. All patients had typical AA lesions over the scalp and/or beard area. Psychological examinations revealed obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the proband's parents as well as anxiety and lack of self-confidence in both the proband and his sister. HLA antigen types were not commonly shared with family members. These findings suggest that AA presenting concurrently in members of the same family was not associated with genetic predisposition. Shared psychological disorders and stressful life events might be the major key points in the concurrent presentation of these familial AA cases and development of resistance against treatments.

  8. Creating false memories for events that occurred before versus after the offset of childhood amnesia.

    PubMed

    Strange, Deryn; Wade, Kimberley; Hayne, Harlene

    2008-01-01

    We examined whether false images and memories for childhood events are more likely when the event supposedly took place during the period of childhood amnesia. Over three interviews, participants recalled six events: five true and one false. Some participants were told that the false event happened when they were 2 years old (Age 2 group), while others were told that it happened when they were 10 years old (Age 10 group). We compared participants' reports of the false event to their reports of a true event from the same age. Consistent with prior research on childhood amnesia, participants in the Age 10 group were more likely than participants in the Age 2 group to remember their true event and they reported more information about it. Participants in the Age 2 group, on the other hand, were more likely to develop false images and memories than participants in the Age 10 group. Furthermore, once a false image or memory developed, there were no age-related differences in the amount of information participants reported about the false event. We conclude that childhood amnesia increases our susceptibility to false suggestion, thus our results have implications for court cases where early memories are at issue.

  9. Fumonisin exposure in women linked to inhibition of an enzyme that is a key event in farm and laboratory animal diseases.

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a toxic chemical produced by molds. The molds that produce fumonisin are common in corn. Consumption of contaminated corn by farm animals has been shown to be the cause of animal disease. The proximate cause (key event) in the induction of diseases in animals is inhibition of t...

  10. An Oracle-based event index for ATLAS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gallas, E. J.; Dimitrov, G.; Vasileva, P.; Baranowski, Z.; Canali, L.; Dumitru, A.; Formica, A.; ATLAS Collaboration

    2017-10-01

    The ATLAS Eventlndex System has amassed a set of key quantities for a large number of ATLAS events into a Hadoop based infrastructure for the purpose of providing the experiment with a number of event-wise services. Collecting this data in one place provides the opportunity to investigate various storage formats and technologies and assess which best serve the various use cases as well as consider what other benefits alternative storage systems provide. In this presentation we describe how the data are imported into an Oracle RDBMS (relational database management system), the services we have built based on this architecture, and our experience with it. We’ve indexed about 26 billion real data events thus far and have designed the system to accommodate future data which has expected rates of 5 and 20 billion events per year. We have found this system offers outstanding performance for some fundamental use cases. In addition, profiting from the co-location of this data with other complementary metadata in ATLAS, the system has been easily extended to perform essential assessments of data integrity and completeness and to identify event duplication, including at what step in processing the duplication occurred.

  11. Key terms for the assessment of the safety of vaccines in pregnancy: Results of a global consultative process to initiate harmonization of adverse event definitions.

    PubMed

    Munoz, Flor M; Eckert, Linda O; Katz, Mark A; Lambach, Philipp; Ortiz, Justin R; Bauwens, Jorgen; Bonhoeffer, Jan

    2015-11-25

    The variability of terms and definitions of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) represents a missed opportunity for optimal monitoring of safety of immunization in pregnancy. In 2014, the Brighton Collaboration Foundation and the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborated to address this gap. Two Brighton Collaboration interdisciplinary taskforces were formed. A landscape analysis included: (1) a systematic literature review of adverse event definitions used in vaccine studies during pregnancy; (2) a worldwide stakeholder survey of available terms and definitions; (3) and a series of taskforce meetings. Based on available evidence, taskforces proposed key terms and concept definitions to be refined, prioritized, and endorsed by a global expert consultation convened by WHO in Geneva, Switzerland in July 2014. Using pre-specified criteria, 45 maternal and 62 fetal/neonatal events were prioritized, and key terms and concept definitions were endorsed. In addition recommendations to further improve safety monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs were specified. This includes elaboration of disease concepts into standardized case definitions with sufficient applicability and positive predictive value to be of use for monitoring the safety of immunization in pregnancy globally, as well as the development of guidance, tools, and datasets in support of a globally concerted approach. There is a need to improve the safety monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs. A consensus list of terms and concept definitions of key events for monitoring immunization in pregnancy is available. Immediate actions to further strengthen monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs are identified and recommended. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  12. Illustrated Key to Species of Genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Occurring in Mexico and Central America

    PubMed Central

    Armendáriz-Toledano, Francisco

    2017-01-01

    Abstract We provide an illustrated key of species of Dendroctonus Erichson from Mexico and Central America based on characters of the male genitalia and external morphology. The key incorporates newly identified diagnostic characters for this genus that enhance discrimination of particularly difficult sibling species. PMID:28355476

  13. Leisure and Pleasure: Science events in unusual locations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bultitude, Karen; Margarida Sardo, Ana

    2012-12-01

    Building on concepts relating to informal science education, this work compares science-related activities which successfully engaged public audiences at three different 'generic' locations: a garden festival, a public park, and a music festival. The purpose was to identify what factors contribute to the perceived success of science communication activities occurring within leisure spaces. This article reports the results of 71 short (2-3 min) structured interviews with public participants at the events, and 18 structured observations sessions, demonstrating that the events were considered both novel and interesting by the participants. Audience members were found to perceive both educational and affective purposes from the events. Three key elements were identified as contributing to the success of the activities across the three 'generic venues': the informality of the surroundings, the involvement of 'real' scientists, and the opportunity to re-engage participants with scientific concepts outside formal education.

  14. Numerical simulation of a mistral wind event occuring

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guenard, V.; Caccia, J. L.; Tedeschi, G.

    2003-04-01

    The experimental network of the ESCOMPTE field experiment (june-july 2001) is turned into account to investigate the Mistral wind affecting the Marseille area (South of France). Mistral wind is a northerly flow blowing across the Rhône valley and toward the Mediterranean sea resulting from the dynamical low pressure generated in the wake of the Alps ridge. It brings cold, dry air masses and clear sky conditions over the south-eastern part of France. Up to now, few scientific studies have been carried out on the Mistral wind especially the evolution of its 3-D structure so that its mesoscale numerical simulation is still relevant. Non-hydrostatic RAMS model is performed to better investigate this mesoscale phenomena. Simulations at a 12 km horizontal resolution are compared to boundary layer wind profilers and ground measurements. Preliminary results suit quite well with the Mistral statistical studies carried out by the operational service of Météo-France and observed wind profiles are correctly reproduced by the numerical model RAMS which appears to be an efficient tool for its understanding of Mistral. Owing to the absence of diabatic effect in Mistral events which complicates numerical simulations, the present work is the first step for the validation of RAMS model in that area. Further works will consist on the study of the interaction of Mistral wind with land-sea breeze. Also, RAMS simulations will be combined with aerosol production and ocean circulation models to supply chemists and oceanographers with some answers for their studies.

  15. 14 CFR 437.59 - Key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point, including its expected dispersion, is over an unpopulated or... rocket engine, (2) Any staging event, or (3) Any envelope expansion. (b) A permittee must conduct each reusable suborbital rocket flight so that the reentry impact point does not loiter over a populated area. ...

  16. 14 CFR 437.59 - Key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point, including its expected dispersion, is over an unpopulated or... rocket engine, (2) Any staging event, or (3) Any envelope expansion. (b) A permittee must conduct each reusable suborbital rocket flight so that the reentry impact point does not loiter over a populated area. ...

  17. 14 CFR 437.59 - Key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point, including its expected dispersion, is over an unpopulated or... rocket engine, (2) Any staging event, or (3) Any envelope expansion. (b) A permittee must conduct each reusable suborbital rocket flight so that the reentry impact point does not loiter over a populated area. ...

  18. 14 CFR 437.59 - Key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point, including its expected dispersion, is over an unpopulated or... rocket engine, (2) Any staging event, or (3) Any envelope expansion. (b) A permittee must conduct each reusable suborbital rocket flight so that the reentry impact point does not loiter over a populated area. ...

  19. 14 CFR 437.59 - Key flight-safety event limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... suborbital rocket's instantaneous impact point, including its expected dispersion, is over an unpopulated or... rocket engine, (2) Any staging event, or (3) Any envelope expansion. (b) A permittee must conduct each reusable suborbital rocket flight so that the reentry impact point does not loiter over a populated area. ...

  20. Best Practices in Pulic Outreach Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cobb, Whitney; Buxner, Sanlyn; Shipp, Stephanie

    2015-11-01

    IntroductionEach year the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sponsors public outreach events designed to increase student, educator, and general public engagement in its missions and goals. NASA SMD Education’s review of large-scale events, “Best Practices in Outreach Events,” highlighted planning and implementation best practices, which were used by the Dawn mission to strategize and implement its Ceres arrival celebration event, i C Ceres.BackgroundThe literature review focused on best identifying practices rising from evaluations of large-scale public outreach events. The following criteria guided the study:* Public, science-related events open to adults and children* Events that occurred during the last 5 years* Evaluations that included information on data collected from visitors and/or volunteers* Evaluations that specified the type of data collected, methodology, and associated resultsBest Practices: Planning and ImplementationThe literature review revealed key considerations for planning implement large-scale events. Best practices included can be pertinent for all event organizers and evaluators regardless of event size. A summary of related best practices is presented below.1) Advertise the event2) Use and advertise access to scientists* Attendees who reported an interaction with a science professional were 15% to 19% more likely to report positive learning impacts, (SFA, 2012, p. 24).3) Recruit scientists using findings such as:* High percentages of scientists (85% to 96%) from most events were interested in participating again (SFA, 2012).4) Ensure that the event is group and, particularly, child friendly5) Target specific event outcomesBest Practices Informing Real-world Planning, Implementation and EvaluationDawn mission’s collaborative design of a series of events, i C Ceres, including in-person, interactive events geared to families and live presentations, will be shared, with focus on the family event, and the evidence

  1. Root cause analysis of critical events in neurosurgery, New South Wales.

    PubMed

    Perotti, Vanessa; Sheridan, Mark M P

    2015-09-01

    Adverse events reportedly occur in 5% to 10% of health care episodes. Not all adverse events are the result of error; they may arise from systemic faults in the delivery of health care. Catastrophic events are not only physically devastating to patients, but they also attract medical liability and increase health care costs. Root cause analysis (RCA) has become a key tool for health care services to understand those adverse events. This study is a review of all the RCA case reports involving neurosurgical patients in New South Wales between 2008 and 2013. The case reports and data were obtained from the Clinical Excellence Commission database. The data was then categorized by the root causes identified and the recommendations suggested by the RCA committees. Thirty-two case reports were identified in the RCA database. Breaches in policy account for the majority of root causes identified, for example, delays in transfer of patients or wrong-site surgery, which always involved poor adherence to correct patient and site identification procedures. The RCA committees' recommendations included education for staff, and improvements in rostering and procedural guidelines. RCAs have improved the patient safety profile; however, the RCA committees have no power to enforce any recommendation or ensure compliance. A single RCA may provide little learning beyond the unit and staff involved. However, through aggregation of RCA data and dissemination strategies, health care workers can learn from adverse events and prevent future events from occurring. © 2015 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

  2. Phylogenetic pinpointing of a paleopolyploidy event within the flax genus (Linum) using transcriptomics

    PubMed Central

    Sveinsson, Saemundur; McDill, Joshua; Wong, Gane K. S.; Li, Juanjuan; Li, Xia; Deyholos, Michael K.; Cronk, Quentin C. B.

    2014-01-01

    Background and Aims Cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum) is known to have undergone a whole-genome duplication around 5–9 million years ago. The aim of this study was to investigate whether other whole-genome duplication events have occurred in the evolutionary history of cultivated flax. Knowledge of such whole-genome duplications will be important in understanding the biology and genomics of cultivated flax. Methods Transcriptomes of 11 Linum species were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The short reads were assembled de novo and the DupPipe pipeline was used to look for signatures of polyploidy events from the age distribution of paralogues. In addition, phylogenies of all paralogues were assembled within an estimated age window of interest. These phylogenies were assessed for evidence of a paleopolyploidy event within the genus Linum. Key Results A previously unknown paleopolyploidy event that occurred 20–40 million years ago was discovered and shown to be specific to a clade within Linum containing cultivated flax (L. usitatissimum) and other mainly blue-flowered species. The finding was supported by two lines of evidence. First, a significant change of slope (peak) was shown in the age distribution of paralogues that was phylogenetically restricted to, and ubiquitous in, this clade. Second, a large number of paralogue phylogenies were retrieved that are consistent with a polyploidy event occurring within that clade. Conclusions The results show the utility of multi-species transcriptomics for detecting whole-genome duplication events and demonstrate that that multiple rounds of polyploidy have been important in shaping the evolutionary history of flax. Understanding and characterizing these whole-genome duplication events will be important for future Linum research. PMID:24380843

  3. Elevated Appraisals of the Negative Impact of Naturally Occurring Life Events: A Risk Factor for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

    PubMed Central

    Espejo, Emmanuel P.; Hammen, Constance; Brennan, Patricia A.

    2012-01-01

    The tendency to appraise naturally occurring life events (LEs) as having high negative impact may be a predisposing factor for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In the current study, appraisals of the negative impact of recent LEs were examined in relationship to depressive and anxiety disorders in a sample of 653 adolescents who were administered diagnostic and life stress interviews at ages 15 and 20. Participants’ appraisals of the negative impact of LEs reported at age 15 were statistically adjusted using investigator-based ratings to control for objective differences across LEs. Higher appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were associated with both past and current depressive and anxiety disorders at age 15 and predicted subsequent first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders occurring between ages 15 and 20. In addition, appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were particularly elevated among those experiencing both a depressive and anxiety disorder over the course of the study. The findings suggest that systematically elevated appraisals of the negative impact of LEs is a predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders and may represent a specific risk factor for co-morbid depression and anxiety in mid-adolescence and early adulthood. Keywords: depression; anxiety; stress appraisals; prospective study; PMID:21845380

  4. Preparedness of newly qualified midwives to deliver clinical care: an evaluation of pre-registration midwifery education through an analysis of key events.

    PubMed

    Skirton, Heather; Stephen, Nicole; Doris, Faye; Cooper, Maggie; Avis, Mark; Fraser, Diane M

    2012-10-01

    this study was part of a larger project commissioned to ascertain whether midwife teachers bring a unique contribution to the preparation of midwives for practice. The aim of this phase was to determine whether the student midwives' educational programme had equipped them to practise competently after entry to the professional register. this was a prospective, longitudinal qualitative study, using participant diaries to collect data. data were collected from newly qualified midwives during the initial six months after they commenced their first post as a qualified midwife. the potential participants were all student midwives who were completing their education at one of six Universities (three in England, one in Scotland, one in Wales and one in Northern Ireland). Diary data were submitted by 35 newly qualified midwives; 28 were graduates of the three year programme and seven of the shortened programme. diary entries were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006), with a focus on identification of key events in the working lives of the newly qualified midwives. A total of 263 key events were identified, under three main themes: (1) impact of the event on confidence, (2) gaps in knowledge or experience and (3) articulated frustration, conflict or distress. essentially, pre-registration education, delivered largely by midwife teachers and supported by clinical mentors, has been shown to equip newly qualified midwives to work effectively as autonomous practitioners caring for mothers and babies. While newly qualified midwives are able to cope with a range of challenging clinical situations in a safe manner, they lack confidence in key areas. Positive reinforcement by supportive colleagues plays a significant role in enabling them to develop as practitioners. whilst acknowledging the importance of normality in childbearing there is a need within the curriculum to enable midwives to recognise and respond to complex care situations by providing theory

  5. Events occurring during the previous lactation, the dry period, and peripartum as risk factors for early lactation mastitis in cows receiving 2 different intramammary dry cow therapies.

    PubMed

    Pinedo, P J; Fleming, C; Risco, C A

    2012-12-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the association between mastitis events occurring during the previous lactation, the dry period, and the peripartum period on the incidence of early lactation mastitis in cows receiving ceftiofur hydrochloride or penicillin dihydrostreptomycin as intramammary dry cow antibiotic therapy. Cows (n=402) from 2 large dairy farms in Central Florida were enrolled in the study at the time of dry-off processing and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dry cow therapies: ceftiofur hydrochloride or penicillin dihydrostreptomycin. Composite milk samples were collected at dry-off and after calving for bacteriological examination and somatic cell count. Peripartal health disorders were monitored during the first 30 d of lactation and included calving difficulty, metritis, ketosis, and left displaced abomasum. Milk production and individual somatic cell scores (SCS) were recorded monthly by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association. The main outcome variables were the risk of clinical mastitis during the first 30 and 60 d of lactation, and the risk of subclinical mastitis at the first 2 monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association tests after calving (up to 70 d in milk). Additionally, the SCS and the presence of mastitis pathogens in milk at dry-off and at calving were analyzed. Explanatory variables consisted of events occurring during the previous lactation, at dry-off and during the dry period, at calving, and within the first 30 d after calving. Multiple events occurring during the previous lactation had a significant effect on the incidence of mastitis in the subsequent lactation. These events included low milk yield, intermediate lactation length, clinical mastitis, and lactation SCS average. Similarly, intramammary infections with environmental bacteria at dry-off increased the chances of clinical mastitis the first month after calving. Dry-off therapy had a significant effect on mastitis incidence; cows treated with ceftiofur

  6. Study of the quasi-tragic snow-avalanche event occurred on August 2009 at Aconcagua Provincial Park, Mendoza, Argentina

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leiva, J. C.; Casteller, A.; Martínez, H. H.; Norte, F. A.; Simonelli, S. C.

    2010-03-01

    Snow avalanches commonly threaten people and infrastructure in mountainous areas worldwide. Winter precipitation events in the Central Andes are caused by the interaction of the atmospheric general circulation and their steep orography. Almost every winter season snow storms and winds cause the blockage of routes and lead to the snowpack conditions that generate avalanche events. The amount of winter snow accumulation is highly variable and is one of the most important factors for assessing the impacts of climate change not only on the water availability, but also to plan future mitigation measures to reduce the avalanche hazard. The authors have conducted studies on snow avalanches that regularly affect the international route linking Mendoza (Argentina) with Santiago de Chile (Chile) but none of them was done at the Aconcagua Provincial Park The park is nearby this route, about 13 km kilometers east from the international border, which in this sector of the Andes coincides with the continental divide. On the night of 17 August 2009, seven people were caught by an avalanche that hit the Aconcagua Park rangers refuge (32° 48' 40'' S, 69° 56' 33'' W; 2950 masl).This paper describes the meteorological and snow precipitation conditions originating the event. On August 14 th. the synoptic surface and upper-air conditions from NCEP reanalysis were those associated with a severe Zonda wind occurrence in the region, that is: a 500 hPa level trough, a deep low-pressure surface system located over the Pacific Ocean close to the Chilean coast, approximately over 48 ° S and 80° W, and a jet stream at middle upper-air levels. The avalanche event occurred during a new and very heavy snowfall a while more than two days later of these extreme episodes. The topographical characteristics of the avalanche path, the snow storm intensity and the snow accumulation on the avalanche starting zone allowed the authors to simulate the avalanche flow. Snow storm intensity and snow

  7. Geophysical Hazards and Preventive Disaster Management of Extreme Natural Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ismail-Zadeh, A.; Takeuchi, K.

    2007-12-01

    Geophysical hazard is potentially damaging natural event and/or phenomenon, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation. Extreme natural hazards are a key manifestation of the complex hierarchical nonlinear Earth system. An understanding, accurate modeling and forecasting of the extreme hazards are most important scientific challenges. Several recent extreme natural events (e.g., 2004 Great Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami and the 2005 violent Katrina hurricane) demonstrated strong coupling between solid Earth and ocean, and ocean and atmosphere. These events resulted in great humanitarian tragedies because of a weak preventive disaster management. The less often natural events occur (and the extreme events are rare by definition), the more often the disaster managers postpone the preparedness to the events. The tendency to reduce the funding for preventive disaster management of natural catastrophes is seldom follows the rules of responsible stewardship for future generations neither in developing countries nor in highly developed economies where it must be considered next to malfeasance. Protecting human life and property against earthquake disasters requires an uninterrupted chain of tasks: from (i) understanding of physics of the events, analysis and monitoring, through (ii) interpretation, modeling, hazard assessment, and prediction, to (iii) public awareness, preparedness, and preventive disaster management.

  8. Three occurred debris flows in North-Eastern Italian Alps: documentation and modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boreggio, Mauro; Gregoretti, Carlo; Degetto, Massimo; Bernard, Martino

    2015-04-01

    Three occurred events of debris flows are documented and modeled by back-analysis. The three debris flows events are those occurred at Rio Lazer on the 4th of November 1966, at Fiames on the 5th of July 2006 and at Rovina di Cancia on the 18th of July 2009. All the three sites are located in the North-Eastern Italian Alps. In all the events, runoff entrained sediments present on natural channels and formed a solid-liquid wave that routed downstream. The first event concerns the routing of debris flow on an inhabited fan. Map of deposition pattern of sediments are built by using post-events photos through stereoscopy techniques. The second event concerns the routing of debris flow along the main channel descending from Pomagagnon Fork. Due to the obstruction of the cross-section debris flow deviated from the original path on the left side and routed downstream by cutting a new channel on the fan. It dispersed in multiple paths when met the wooden area. Map of erosion and deposition depths are built after using a combination of Lidar and GPS data. The third event concerns the routing of debris flow in the Rovina di Cancia channel that filled the reservoir built at the end of the channel and locally overtopped the retaining wall on the left side. A wave of mud and debris inundated the area downstream the overtopping point. Map of erosion and deposition depths are obtained by subtracting two GPS surveys, pre and post event. All the three occurred debris flows are simulated by modeling runoff that entrained debris flow for determining the solid-liquid hydrograph downstream the triggering areas. The routing of the solid-liquid hydrograph was simulated by a bi-phase cell model based on the kinematic approach. The comparison between simulated and measured erosion and deposition depths is satisfactory. The same parameters for computing erosion and deposition were used for the three occurred events.

  9. Geohazard assessment through the analysis of historical alluvial events in Southern Italy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Esposito, Eliana; Violante, Crescenzo

    2015-04-01

    The risk associated with extreme water events such as flash floods, results from a combination of overflows and landslides hazards. A multi-hazard approach have been utilized to analyze the 1773 flood that occurred in conjunction with heavy rainfall, causing major damage in terms of lost lives and economic cost over an area of 200 km2, including both the coastal strip between Salerno and Maiori and the Apennine hinterland, Campania region - Southern Italy. This area has been affected by a total of 40 flood events over the last five centuries, 26 of them occurred between 1900 and 2000. Streamflow events have produced severe impacts on Cava de' Tirreni (SA) and its territory and in particular four catastrophic floods in 1581, 1773, 1899 and 1954, caused a pervasive pattern of destruction. In the study area, rainstorm events typically occur in small and medium-sized fluvial system, characterized by small catchment areas and high-elevation drainage basins, causing the detachment of large amount of volcaniclastic and siliciclastic covers from the carbonate bedrock. The mobilization of these deposits (slope debris) mixed with rising floodwaters along the water paths can produce fast-moving streamflows of large proportion with significant hazardous implications (Violante et al., 2009). In this context the study of 1773 historical flood allows the detection and the definition of those areas where catastrophic events repeatedly took place over the time. Moreover, it improves the understanding of the phenomena themselves, including some key elements in the management of risk mitigation, such as the restoration of the damage suffered by the buildings and/or the environmental effects caused by the floods.

  10. On the Role of Ionospheric Ions in Sawtooth Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lund, E. J.; Nowrouzi, N.; Kistler, L. M.; Cai, X.; Frey, H. U.

    2016-12-01

    Global multifluid simulations have suggested that ions of ionospheric origin play a key role in driving sawtooth events, particularly events driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), through a feedback mechanism.1,2 The energy input from the first substorm causes ion outflow, which is claimed to drive the next substorm. We show that in situ data from Cluster in the tail during sawtooth events do not support this hypothesis. We show two detailed event studies, one driven by a CME and one driven by a streaming interaction region (SIR), as well as a statistical survey of all sawtooth events for which Cluster tail data are available. While examples exist of nightside outflow reaching the mid-tail ( 19 RE) region during CME-driven events, the overwhelming majority of both CME-driven and SIR-driven sawtooth injections have ionospheric ions in this region originating from the cusp, where the outflow is predominantly directly driven by the solar wind. The 19 RE region is critical because that is the region where near-Earth neutral line reconnection occurs. We conclude that while ionospheric outflow may contribute to sawtooth events, the injections are not the result of a feedback between the tail and the ionosphere. 1O. J. Brambles et al. (2011), Science 332, 1183, doi:10.1126/science.1202869.2O. J. Brambles et al. (2013), JGR 118, 6026, doi:10.1002/jgra.50522.

  11. Secret-key expansion from covert communication

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arrazola, Juan Miguel; Amiri, Ryan

    2018-02-01

    Covert communication allows the transmission of messages in such a way that it is not possible for adversaries to detect that the communication is occurring. This provides protection in situations where knowledge that two parties are talking to each other may be incriminating to them. In this work, we study how covert communication can be used for a different purpose: secret key expansion. First, we show that any message transmitted in a secure covert protocol is also secret and therefore unknown to an adversary. We then propose a covert communication protocol where the amount of key consumed in the protocol is smaller than the transmitted key, thus leading to secure secret key expansion. We derive precise conditions for secret key expansion to occur, showing that it is possible when there are sufficiently low levels of noise for a given security level. We conclude by examining how secret key expansion from covert communication can be performed in a computational security model.

  12. Transportation planning for planned special events

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-05-01

    Unique among planned special event activities are those events that carry the National Special Security Event (NSSE) designation. NSSEs occur with some frequency, with 35 of these events held between September 1998 and February 2010. These events inc...

  13. Bayesian regression model for recurrent event data with event-varying covariate effects and event effect.

    PubMed

    Lin, Li-An; Luo, Sheng; Davis, Barry R

    2018-01-01

    In the course of hypertension, cardiovascular disease events (e.g., stroke, heart failure) occur frequently and recurrently. The scientific interest in such study may lie in the estimation of treatment effect while accounting for the correlation among event times. The correlation among recurrent event times come from two sources: subject-specific heterogeneity (e.g., varied lifestyles, genetic variations, and other unmeasurable effects) and event dependence (i.e., event incidences may change the risk of future recurrent events). Moreover, event incidences may change the disease progression so that there may exist event-varying covariate effects (the covariate effects may change after each event) and event effect (the effect of prior events on the future events). In this article, we propose a Bayesian regression model that not only accommodates correlation among recurrent events from both sources, but also explicitly characterizes the event-varying covariate effects and event effect. This model is especially useful in quantifying how the incidences of events change the effects of covariates and risk of future events. We compare the proposed model with several commonly used recurrent event models and apply our model to the motivating lipid-lowering trial (LLT) component of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) (ALLHAT-LLT).

  14. Bayesian regression model for recurrent event data with event-varying covariate effects and event effect

    PubMed Central

    Lin, Li-An; Luo, Sheng; Davis, Barry R.

    2017-01-01

    In the course of hypertension, cardiovascular disease events (e.g., stroke, heart failure) occur frequently and recurrently. The scientific interest in such study may lie in the estimation of treatment effect while accounting for the correlation among event times. The correlation among recurrent event times come from two sources: subject-specific heterogeneity (e.g., varied lifestyles, genetic variations, and other unmeasurable effects) and event dependence (i.e., event incidences may change the risk of future recurrent events). Moreover, event incidences may change the disease progression so that there may exist event-varying covariate effects (the covariate effects may change after each event) and event effect (the effect of prior events on the future events). In this article, we propose a Bayesian regression model that not only accommodates correlation among recurrent events from both sources, but also explicitly characterizes the event-varying covariate effects and event effect. This model is especially useful in quantifying how the incidences of events change the effects of covariates and risk of future events. We compare the proposed model with several commonly used recurrent event models and apply our model to the motivating lipid-lowering trial (LLT) component of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) (ALLHAT-LLT). PMID:29755162

  15. Classification and Possible Causes of the Freaque Waves Occurred in Taiwanese Coastal Ocean

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doong, Dong-Jiing; Liu, Paul C.; Tsai, Cheng-Han; Tsai, Jen-Chih

    2015-04-01

    Freaque waves occur frequently in Taiwanese coastal ocean. This study collected and confirmed the media reported freaque wave events since 2000. There were 90 shipwrecks struck by extreme large waves or freaque waves from 2003 to 2014. In addition, 284 events of people swept into the sea from the coasts by freaque waves were recorded from 2000 to 2014. More than 950 persons in total were dead or injured for the past 15 years. This study classifies these cases according to their possible causes and the weather conditions of that time. It is found the probability of the events occurred during storm (typhoon) period is less than 15%. Most of the events occur in ordinary sea states. Analysis on the data from in-situ measurements that close to the event locations shows the average significant wave height is 1.46m. This study uses this threshold and long-term observations on sea states to present the navigation risk of ships in Taiwanese sea. In addition, it was found the typhoon generated swell is one of the causes to trigger the giant coastal freaque waves, experiences learning from the events occurred in typhoon Haiyan in 2013 (16 persons were swept into sea), typhoon Prapiroon in 2012 (3 persons and 2 cars were swept into sea), typhoon Neoguri in 2014 (7 persons were swept) and typhoon Vongfong in 2014 (1 motorcyclist was swept). Those typhoon swell induced coastal freaque wave is the worst case because they always occur with good weather conditions. Analysis on the field data shows the swell direction is a crucial factor for the coastal freaque wave occurrence.

  16. An Event Restriction Interval Theory of Tense

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beamer, Brandon Robert

    2012-01-01

    This dissertation presents a novel theory of tense and tense-like constructions. It is named after a key theoretical component of the theory, the event restriction interval. In Event Restriction Interval (ERI) Theory, sentences are semantically evaluated relative to an index which contains two key intervals, the evaluation interval and the event…

  17. The effect of species and colony size on the bleaching response of reef-building corals in the Florida Keys during the 2005 mass bleaching event

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brandt, M. E.

    2009-12-01

    Understanding the variation in coral bleaching response is necessary for making accurate predictions of population changes and the future state of reefs in a climate of increasing thermal stress events. Individual coral colonies, belonging to inshore patch reef communities of the Florida Keys, were followed through the 2005 mass bleaching event. Overall, coral bleaching patterns followed an index of accumulated thermal stress more closely than in situ temperature measurements. Eight coral species ( Colpophyllia natans, Diploria strigosa, Montastraea cavernosa, M. faveolata, Porites astreoides, P. porites, Siderastrea siderea, and Stephanocoenia intersepta), representing >90% of the coral colonies studied, experienced intense levels of bleaching, but responses varied. Bleaching differed significantly among species: Colpophyllia natans and Diploria strigosa were most susceptible to thermal stress, while Stephanocoenia intersepta was the most tolerant. For colonies of C. natans, M. faveolata, and S. siderea, larger colonies experienced more extensive bleaching than smaller colonies. The inshore patch reef communities of the Florida Keys have historically been dominated by large colonies of Montastraea sp. and Colpophyllia natans. These results provide evidence that colony-level differences can affect bleaching susceptibility in this habitat and suggest that the impact of future thermal stress events may be biased toward larger colonies of dominant reef-building species. Predicted increases in the frequency of mass bleaching and subsequent mortality may therefore result in significant structural shifts of these ecologically important communities.

  18. Gunbarrel mafic magmatic event: A key 780 Ma time marker for Rodinia plate reconstructions

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Harlan, S.S.; Heaman, L.; LeCheminant, A.N.; Premo, W.R.

    2003-01-01

    Precise U-Pb baddeleyite dating of mafic igneous rocks provides evidence for a widespread and synchronous magmatic event that extended for >2400 km along the western margin of the Neoproterozoic Laurentian craton. U-Pb baddeleyite analyses for eight intrusions from seven localities ranging from the northern Canadian Shield to northwestern Wyoming-southwestern Montana are statistically indistinguishable and yield a composite U-Pb concordia age for this event of 780.3 ?? 1.4 Ma (95% confidence level). This 780 Ma event is herein termed the Gunbarrel magmatic event. The mafic magmatism of the Gunbarrel event represents the largest mafic dike swarm yet identified along the Neoproterozoic margin of Laurentia. The origin of the mafic magmatism is not clear, but may be related to mantle-plume activity or upwelling asthenosphere leading to crustal extension accompanying initial breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and development of the proto-Pacific Ocean. The mafic magmatism of the Gunbarrel magmatic event at 780 Ma predates the voluminous magmatism of the 723 Ma Franklin igneous event of the northwestern Canadian Shield by ???60 m.y. The precise dating of the extensive Neoproterozoic Gunbarrel and Franklin magmatic events provides unique time markers that can ultimately be used for robust testing of Neoproterozoic continental reconstructions.

  19. The statistical analysis of the Geomagnetically Induced Current events occurred in Guangdong, China during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 (2003–2006)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ni, Y. Y.

    2018-03-01

    We study the interplanetary causes of intense geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ -100 nT) and the corresponding Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) events occurred in Ling’ao nuclear power station, Guangdong during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 (2003–2006). The result shows that sMC (a magnetic cloud with a shock), SH (sheath) and SH+MC (a sheath followed by a magnetic cloud) are the three most common interplanetary structures responsible for the storms which will cause GIC events in this period. As an interplanetary structure, CIR (corotating interaction regions) also plays an important role, however, the CIR-driven storms have a relatively minor effect to the GIC. Among the interplanetary parameters, the solar wind velocity and the southward component of the IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) are more important than solar wind density and the temperature to a geomagnetic storm and GIC.

  20. Key management and encryption under the bounded storage model.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Draelos, Timothy John; Neumann, William Douglas; Lanzone, Andrew J.

    2005-11-01

    There are several engineering obstacles that need to be solved before key management and encryption under the bounded storage model can be realized. One of the critical obstacles hindering its adoption is the construction of a scheme that achieves reliable communication in the event that timing synchronization errors occur. One of the main accomplishments of this project was the development of a new scheme that solves this problem. We show in general that there exist message encoding techniques under the bounded storage model that provide an arbitrarily small probability of transmission error. We compute the maximum capacity of this channelmore » using the unsynchronized key-expansion as side-channel information at the decoder and provide tight lower bounds for a particular class of key-expansion functions that are pseudo-invariant to timing errors. Using our results in combination with Dziembowski et al. [11] encryption scheme we can construct a scheme that solves the timing synchronization error problem. In addition to this work we conducted a detailed case study of current and future storage technologies. We analyzed the cost, capacity, and storage data rate of various technologies, so that precise security parameters can be developed for bounded storage encryption schemes. This will provide an invaluable tool for developing these schemes in practice.« less

  1. Filtering large-scale event collections using a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning for event trigger classification.

    PubMed

    Mehryary, Farrokh; Kaewphan, Suwisa; Hakala, Kai; Ginter, Filip

    2016-01-01

    Biomedical event extraction is one of the key tasks in biomedical text mining, supporting various applications such as database curation and hypothesis generation. Several systems, some of which have been applied at a large scale, have been introduced to solve this task. Past studies have shown that the identification of the phrases describing biological processes, also known as trigger detection, is a crucial part of event extraction, and notable overall performance gains can be obtained by solely focusing on this sub-task. In this paper we propose a novel approach for filtering falsely identified triggers from large-scale event databases, thus improving the quality of knowledge extraction. Our method relies on state-of-the-art word embeddings, event statistics gathered from the whole biomedical literature, and both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques. We focus on EVEX, an event database covering the whole PubMed and PubMed Central Open Access literature containing more than 40 million extracted events. The top most frequent EVEX trigger words are hierarchically clustered, and the resulting cluster tree is pruned to identify words that can never act as triggers regardless of their context. For rarely occurring trigger words we introduce a supervised approach trained on the combination of trigger word classification produced by the unsupervised clustering method and manual annotation. The method is evaluated on the official test set of BioNLP Shared Task on Event Extraction. The evaluation shows that the method can be used to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art event extraction systems. This successful effort also translates into removing 1,338,075 of potentially incorrect events from EVEX, thus greatly improving the quality of the data. The method is not solely bound to the EVEX resource and can be thus used to improve the quality of any event extraction system or database. The data and source code for this work are available at

  2. The Keys to the White House

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lichtman, Allan J.

    2012-01-01

    The Keys to the White House is a historically-based system for predicting the result of the popular vote in American presidential elections. The Keys system tracks the big picture of how well the party holding the White House has governed and does not shift with events of the campaign. This model gives specificity to the idea that it is…

  3. Lessons for tsunami risk mitigation from recent events occured in Chile: research findings for alerting and evacuation from interdisciplinary perspectives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cienfuegos, R.; Catalan, P. A.; Leon, J.; Gonzalez, G.; Repetto, P.; Urrutia, A.; Tomita, T.; Orellana, V.

    2016-12-01

    In the wake of the 2010 tsunami that hit Chile, a major public effort to promote interdisciplinary disaster reseach was undertaken by the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Conicyt) allocating funds to create the Center for Integrated Research on Natural Risks Management (CIGIDEN). This effort has been key in promoting associativity between national and international research teams in order to transform the frequent occurrence of extreme events that affect Chile into an opportunity for interdisciplinary research. In this presentation we will summarize some of the fundamental research findings regarding tsunami forecasting, alerting, and evacuation processes based on interdisciplinary field work campaigns and modeling efforts conducted in the wake of the three most recent destructive events that hit Chile in 2010, 2014, and 2015. One of the main results that we shall emphatize from these findings, is that while research and operational efforts to model and forecast tsunamis are important, technological positivisms should not undermine educational efforts that have proved to be effective in reducing casualties due to tsunamis in the near field. Indeed, in recent events that hit Chile, first tsunami waves reached the adjacent generation zones in time scales comparable with the required time for data gathering and modeling even for the most sophisticated early warning tsunami algorithms currently available. The latter emphasizes self-evacuation from coastal areas, while forecasting and monitoring tsunami hazards remain very important for alerting more distant areas, and are essential for alert cancelling especially when shelf and embayment resonance, and edge wave propagation may produce destructive late tsunami arrivals several hours after the nucleation of the earthquake. By combining some of the recent evidence we have gathered in Chile on seismic source uncertainities (both epistemic and aleatoric), tsunami hydrodynamics, the response

  4. [Adverse events in patients from a pediatric hospital.

    PubMed

    Ornelas-Aguirre, José Manuel; Arriaga-Dávila, José de Jesús; Domínguez-Serrano, María Isabel; Guzmán-Bihouet, Beatriz Filomena; Navarrete-Navarro, Susana

    2013-01-01

    Background: detection of adverse events is part of the safety management in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of adverse events that occurred in a pediatric hospital. Methods: cross-sectional study of the adverse events occurred in a pediatric hospital from 2007 to 2009. Factors associated with their developmental causes were identified. The statistical analysis was descriptive and bivariate, with contingency tables to estimate the relationship between those factors. A p value = 0.05 was considered significant. Results: a total of 177 adverse events were registered. When they began, human factor occurred in 23 cases (13 %, OR = 1.41, p = 0.001), organizational factor was present in 71 cases (40 %, OR = 1.91, p = 0.236) and technical factor in 46 cases (26 %, OR = 0.87, p = 0.01). Blows or bruises from falls as a result of adverse events occurred in 71 cases (40 %, 95 % CI = 64-78). Conclusions: we found 1.84 events per 100 hospital discharges during the study period. The fall of patients ranked first of the adverse events identified.

  5. El Nino-like events during Miocene

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Casey, R.E.; Nelson, C.O.; Weinheimer, A.L.

    El Nino-like events have been recorded from the Miocene laminated siliceous facies of the Monterey Formation. These El Nino-like Miocene events are compared to El Nino events recorded from Holocene varved sediments deposited within the anoxic Santa Barbara basin. Strong El Nino events can be recognized from Holocene Santa Barbara basin sediments by increases in radiolarian flux to the sea floor during those events. For the last 100-plus years, frequency of strong El Ninos has been on the order of one extremely strong event about every 100 years, and one easily recognizable event about every 18 years. Frequencies in themore » laminated (varved) Miocene range from about every 4-5 years to over 20 years. The higher frequencies occur within generally warm intervals and the lower frequencies within generally cold intervals. Perhaps the frequencies of these events may, in fact, be an important indicator in determining whether the intervals were cold or warm. Reconstructions of the paleo-California Current system during El Nino-like periods have been made for the west coast from the Gulf of California to northern California. Strong El Nino-like events occurred 5.5 and 8 Ma, and a strong anti-El Nino-like event occurred at about 6.5 Ma. Evidence from the 5.5 and 8 Ma events combined with other evidence suggests that modern El Ninos, similar to today's, were initiated at 5.5 Ma or earlier.« less

  6. Prediction of Intensity Change Subsequent to Concentric Eyewall Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mauk, Rachel Grant

    Concentric eyewall events have been documented numerous times in intense tropical cyclones over the last two decades. During a concentric eyewall event, an outer (secondary) eyewall forms around the inner (primary) eyewall. Improved instrumentation on aircraft and satellites greatly increases the likelihood of detecting an event. Despite the increased ability to detect such events, forecasts of intensity changes during and after these events remain poor. When concentric eyewall events occur near land, accurate intensity change predictions are especially critical to ensure proper emergency preparations and staging of recovery assets. A nineteen-year (1997-2015) database of concentric eyewall events is developed by analyzing microwave satellite imagery, aircraft- and land-based radar, and other published documents. Events are identified in both the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins. TCs are categorized as single (1 event), serial (>= 2 events) and super-serial (>= 3 events). Key findings here include distinct spatial patterns for single and serial Atlantic TCs, a broad seasonal distribution for eastern North Pacific TCs, and apparent ENSO-related variability in both basins. The intensity change subsequent to the concentric eyewall event is calculated from the HURDAT2 database at time points relative to the start and to the end of the event. Intensity change is then categorized as Weaken (≤ -10 kt), Maintain (+/- 5 kt), and Strengthen (≥ 10 kt). Environmental conditions in which each event occurred are analyzed based on the SHIPS diagnostic files. Oceanic, dynamic, thermodynamic, and TC status predictors are selected for testing in a multiple discriminant analysis procedure to determine which variables successfully discriminate the intensity change category and the occurrence of additional concentric eyewall events. Intensity models are created for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h after the concentric eyewall events end. Leave-one-out cross validation is

  7. Methods of and apparatus for recording images occurring just prior to a rapid, random event

    DOEpatents

    Kelley, Edward F.

    1994-01-01

    An apparatus and a method are disclosed for recording images of events in a medium wherein the images that are recorded are of conditions existing just prior to and during the occurrence of an event that triggers recording of these images. The apparatus and method use an optical delay path that employs a spherical focusing mirror facing a circular array of flat return mirrors around a central flat mirror. The image is reflected in a symmetric pattern which balances astigmatism which is created by the spherical mirror. Delays on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds are possible.

  8. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events.

    PubMed

    He, Yongqun; Sarntivijai, Sirarat; Lin, Yu; Xiang, Zuoshuang; Guo, Abra; Zhang, Shelley; Jagannathan, Desikan; Toldo, Luca; Tao, Cui; Smith, Barry

    2014-01-01

    A medical intervention is a medical procedure or application intended to relieve or prevent illness or injury. Examples of medical interventions include vaccination and drug administration. After a medical intervention, adverse events (AEs) may occur which lie outside the intended consequences of the intervention. The representation and analysis of AEs are critical to the improvement of public health. The Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE), previously named Adverse Event Ontology (AEO), is a community-driven ontology developed to standardize and integrate data relating to AEs arising subsequent to medical interventions, as well as to support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE has over 3,000 terms with unique identifiers, including terms imported from existing ontologies and more than 1,800 OAE-specific terms. In OAE, the term 'adverse event' denotes a pathological bodily process in a patient that occurs after a medical intervention. Causal adverse events are defined by OAE as those events that are causal consequences of a medical intervention. OAE represents various adverse events based on patient anatomic regions and clinical outcomes, including symptoms, signs, and abnormal processes. OAE has been used in the analysis of several different sorts of vaccine and drug adverse event data. For example, using the data extracted from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), OAE was used to analyse vaccine adverse events associated with the administrations of different types of influenza vaccines. OAE has also been used to represent and classify the vaccine adverse events cited in package inserts of FDA-licensed human vaccines in the USA. OAE is a biomedical ontology that logically defines and classifies various adverse events occurring after medical interventions. OAE has successfully been applied in several adverse event studies. The OAE ontological framework provides a platform for systematic representation and analysis of adverse events and of the factors (e

  9. Homologous recombination occurs in a distinct retroviral subpopulation and exhibits high negative interference.

    PubMed Central

    Hu, W S; Bowman, E H; Delviks, K A; Pathak, V K

    1997-01-01

    Homologous recombination and deletions occur during retroviral replication when reverse transcriptase switches templates. While recombination occurs solely by intermolecular template switching (between copackaged RNAs), deletions can occur by an intermolecular or an intramolecular template switch (within the same RNA). To directly compare the rates of intramolecular and intermolecular template switching, two spleen necrosis virus-based vectors were constructed. Each vector contained a 110-bp direct repeat that was previously shown to delete at a high rate. The 110-bp direct repeat was flanked by two different sets of restriction site markers. These vectors were used to form heterozygotic virions containing RNAs of each parental vector, from which recombinant viruses were generated. By analyses of the markers flanking the direct repeats in recombinant and nonrecombinant proviruses, the rates of intramolecular and intermolecular template switching were determined. The results of these analyses indicate that intramolecular template switching is much more efficient than intermolecular template switching and that direct repeat deletions occur primarily through intramolecular template switching events. These studies also indicate that retroviral recombination occurs within a distinct viral subpopulation and exhibits high negative interference, whereby the selection of one recombination event increases the probability that a second recombination event will be observed. PMID:9223494

  10. How Dental Team Members describe Adverse Events

    PubMed Central

    Maramaldi, Peter; Walji, Muhammad F.; White, Joel; Etoulu, Jini; Kahn, Maria; Vaderhobli, Ram; Kwatra, Japneet; Delattre, Veronique F.; Hebballi, Nutan B.; Stewart, Denice; Kent, Karla; Yansane, Alfa; Ramoni, Rachel B.; Kalenderian, Elsbeth

    2016-01-01

    Background There is increased recognition that patients suffer adverse events (AEs) or harm caused by treatments in dentistry, and little is known about how dental providers describe these events. Understanding how providers view AEs is essential to building a safer environment in dental practice. Methods Dental providers and domain experts were interviewed through focus groups and in-depth interviews and asked to identify the types of AEs that may occur in dental settings. Results The first order listing of the interview and focus group findings yielded 1,514 items that included both causes and AEs. 632 causes were coded into one of the eight categories of the Eindhoven classification. 882 AEs were coded into 12 categories of a newly developed dental AE classification. Inter-rater reliability was moderate among coders. The list was reanalyzed and duplicate items were removed leaving a total of 747 unique AEs and 540 causes. The most frequently identified AE types were “Aspiration/ingestion” at 14% (n=142), “Wrong-site, wrong-procedure, wrong-patient errors” at 13%, “Hard tissue damage” at 13%, and “Soft tissue damage” at 12%. Conclusions Dental providers identified a large and diverse list of AEs. These events ranged from “death due to cardiac arrest” to “jaw fatigue from lengthy procedures”. Practical Implications Identifying threats to patient safety is a key element of improving dental patient safety. An inventory of dental AEs underpins efforts to track, prevent, and mitigate these events. PMID:27269376

  11. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gray, P.

    1997-02-01

    This paper discusses the broad problems presented by Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials (NORM). Technologically Enhanced naturally occuring radioactive material includes any radionuclides whose physical, chemical, radiological properties or radionuclide concentration have been altered from their natural state. With regard to NORM in particular, radioactive contamination is radioactive material in an undesired location. This is a concern in a range of industries: petroleum; uranium mining; phosphorus and phosphates; fertilizers; fossil fuels; forestry products; water treatment; metal mining and processing; geothermal energy. The author discusses in more detail the problem in the petroleum industry, including the isotopes of concern, the hazards theymore » present, the contamination which they cause, ways to dispose of contaminated materials, and regulatory issues. He points out there are three key programs to reduce legal exposure and problems due to these contaminants: waste minimization; NORM assesment (surveys); NORM compliance (training).« less

  12. Insulin pump-associated adverse events in children and adolescents--a prospective study.

    PubMed

    Wheeler, Benjamin J; Heels, Kristine; Donaghue, Kim C; Reith, David M; Ambler, Geoffrey R

    2014-09-01

    Intensive insulin regimens are now the mainstay of modern, type 1 diabetes mellitus management. Insulin pumps (CSII) are a key technique used. Although there has been considerable study of outcomes, there are few recent data on CSII-associated adverse events (AEs) and their incidence and characteristics. Phone calls to our 24-h diabetes support service were screened for CSII-associated AEs. Phone interviews were conducted with the parent/patient, within 96 h of the event. Interviews explored AE characteristics and the role of the user, as well as questions relating to outcome and the impact to the family and patient. Comparisons were made with clinic CSII patients not reporting an AE. Over a 16-week study period, 50 confirmed AEs occurred in 45 of 405 (11.1%) patients. This was annualized to an AE incidence of 40 AEs/100 person-years. Pump malfunction and infusion set/site failures were the most common events reported, occurring in 27 (54.0%) and 18 (36.0%) AEs, respectively. A user- or education-related issue was implicated in 22 (44.0%) events. Pump replacement occurred in 19 of 50 occurrences (38.0%). Additionally, 16 (32.0%) reported a hospital admission or emergency department attendance as a consequence. When compared with those on CSII not reporting an AE, AEs were associated with age <10 years (odds ratio=3.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-6.1]) but not with gender, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes duration, or pumping duration. This is the first prospective study to look at AEs in modern-generation insulin pumps. AEs appear common and should be anticipated. Their origin is multifactorial, with the pump, associated consumables, and the user all being important factors. Ongoing support and anticipatory education are essential to minimize pump-associated AEs and their impact.

  13. Identification of the "minimal triangle" and other common event-to-event transitions in conflict and containment incidents.

    PubMed

    Bowers, Len; James, Karen; Quirk, Alan; Wright, Steve; Williams, Hilary; Stewart, Duncan

    2013-07-01

    Although individual conflict and containment events among acute psychiatric inpatients have been studied in some detail, the relationship of these events to each other has not. In particular, little is known about the temporal order of events for individual patients. This study aimed to identify the most common pathways from event to event. A sample of 522 patients was recruited from 84 acute psychiatric wards in 31 hospital locations in London and the surrounding areas during 2009-2010. Data on the order of conflict and containment events were collected for the first two weeks of admission from patients' case notes. Event-to-event transitions were tabulated and depicted diagrammatically. Event types were tested for their most common temporal placing in sequences of events. Most conflict and containment occurs within and between events of the minimal triangle (verbal aggression, de-escalation, and PRN medication), and the majority of these event sequences conclude in no further events; a minority transition to other, more severe, events. Verbal abuse and medication refusal were more likely to start sequences of disturbed behaviour. Training in the prevention and management of violence needs to acknowledge that a gradual escalation of patient behaviour does not always occur. Verbal aggression is a critical initiator of conflict events, and requires more detailed and sustained research on optimal management and prevention strategies. Similar research is required into medication refusal by inpatients.

  14. Initiating Event Analysis of a Lithium Fluoride Thorium Reactor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Geraci, Nicholas Charles

    The primary purpose of this study is to perform an Initiating Event Analysis for a Lithium Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR) as the first step of a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA). The major objective of the research is to compile a list of key initiating events capable of resulting in failure of safety systems and release of radioactive material from the LFTR. Due to the complex interactions between engineering design, component reliability and human reliability, probabilistic safety assessments are most useful when the scope is limited to a single reactor plant. Thus, this thesis will study the LFTR design proposed by Flibe Energy. An October 2015 Electric Power Research Institute report on the Flibe Energy LFTR asked "what-if?" questions of subject matter experts and compiled a list of key hazards with the most significant consequences to the safety or integrity of the LFTR. The potential exists for unforeseen hazards to pose additional risk for the LFTR, but the scope of this thesis is limited to evaluation of those key hazards already identified by Flibe Energy. These key hazards are the starting point for the Initiating Event Analysis performed in this thesis. Engineering evaluation and technical study of the plant using a literature review and comparison to reference technology revealed four hazards with high potential to cause reactor core damage. To determine the initiating events resulting in realization of these four hazards, reference was made to previous PSAs and existing NRC and EPRI initiating event lists. Finally, fault tree and event tree analyses were conducted, completing the logical classification of initiating events. Results are qualitative as opposed to quantitative due to the early stages of system design descriptions and lack of operating experience or data for the LFTR. In summary, this thesis analyzes initiating events using previous research and inductive and deductive reasoning through traditional risk management techniques to

  15. Strategies and Exemplars for Public Outreach Events: Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cobb, W. H.; Buxner, S.; Shipp, S. S.; Shebby, S.

    2015-12-01

    IntroductionEach year the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sponsors a variety of public outreach events to share information with educators, students, and the general public. These events are designed to increase interest in and awareness of the mission and goals of NASA. Planning and implementation best practices gleaned from the NASA SMD Education's review of large-scale events, "Best Practices in Outreach Events" will be shared. Outcomes from an event, i C Ceres, celebrating the Dawn mission's arrival at dwarf planet Ceres that utilized these strategies will be shared. Best practices included can be pertinent for all event organizers and evaluators regardless of event size. BackgroundThe literature review focused on identifying evaluations of large-scale public outreach events—and, within these evaluations, identifying best practices. The following criteria for identifying journal articles and reports to potentially include: Public, science-related events open to adults and children. Events with more than 1,000 attendees. Events that occurred during the last 5 years. Evaluations that included information on data collected from visitors and/or volunteers. Evaluations that specified the type of data collected, methodology, and associated results. Planning and Implementation Best PracticesThe literature review revealed key considerations for planning and of large-scale events implementing events. A summary of related best practices is presented below. 1) Advertise the event 2) Use and advertise access to scientists 3) Recruit scientists using these findings 4) Ensure that the event is group and particularly child friendly 5) Target specific event outcomes Best Practices Informing Real-world Planning, Implementation and EvaluationDawn mission's collaborative design of a series of events, i C Ceres, including in-person, interactive events geared to families and live presentations will be shared. Outcomes and lessons learned will be imparted

  16. EventThread: Visual Summarization and Stage Analysis of Event Sequence Data.

    PubMed

    Guo, Shunan; Xu, Ke; Zhao, Rongwen; Gotz, David; Zha, Hongyuan; Cao, Nan

    2018-01-01

    Event sequence data such as electronic health records, a person's academic records, or car service records, are ordered series of events which have occurred over a period of time. Analyzing collections of event sequences can reveal common or semantically important sequential patterns. For example, event sequence analysis might reveal frequently used care plans for treating a disease, typical publishing patterns of professors, and the patterns of service that result in a well-maintained car. It is challenging, however, to visually explore large numbers of event sequences, or sequences with large numbers of event types. Existing methods focus on extracting explicitly matching patterns of events using statistical analysis to create stages of event progression over time. However, these methods fail to capture latent clusters of similar but not identical evolutions of event sequences. In this paper, we introduce a novel visualization system named EventThread which clusters event sequences into threads based on tensor analysis and visualizes the latent stage categories and evolution patterns by interactively grouping the threads by similarity into time-specific clusters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of EventThread through usage scenarios in three different application domains and via interviews with an expert user.

  17. Poisson-event-based analysis of cell proliferation.

    PubMed

    Summers, Huw D; Wills, John W; Brown, M Rowan; Rees, Paul

    2015-05-01

    A protocol for the assessment of cell proliferation dynamics is presented. This is based on the measurement of cell division events and their subsequent analysis using Poisson probability statistics. Detailed analysis of proliferation dynamics in heterogeneous populations requires single cell resolution within a time series analysis and so is technically demanding to implement. Here, we show that by focusing on the events during which cells undergo division rather than directly on the cells themselves a simplified image acquisition and analysis protocol can be followed, which maintains single cell resolution and reports on the key metrics of cell proliferation. The technique is demonstrated using a microscope with 1.3 μm spatial resolution to track mitotic events within A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines, over a period of up to 48 h. Automated image processing of the bright field images using standard algorithms within the ImageJ software toolkit yielded 87% accurate recording of the manually identified, temporal, and spatial positions of the mitotic event series. Analysis of the statistics of the interevent times (i.e., times between observed mitoses in a field of view) showed that cell division conformed to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process in which the rate of occurrence of mitotic events, λ exponentially increased over time and provided values of the mean inter mitotic time of 21.1 ± 1.2 hours for the A549 cells and 25.0 ± 1.1 h for the BEAS-2B cells. Comparison of the mitotic event series for the BEAS-2B cell line to that predicted by random Poisson statistics indicated that temporal synchronisation of the cell division process was occurring within 70% of the population and that this could be increased to 85% through serum starvation of the cell culture. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

  18. Early Decrease in Respiration and Uncoupling Event Independent of Cytochrome c Release in PC12 Cells Undergoing Apoptosis

    PubMed Central

    Berghella, Libera; Ferraro, Elisabetta

    2012-01-01

    Cytochrome c is a key molecule in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. It also plays a pivotal role in cell respiration. The switch between these two functions occurs at the moment of its release from mitochondria. This process is therefore extremely relevant for the fate of the cell. Since cytochrome c mediates respiration, we studied the changes in respiratory chain activity during the early stages of apoptosis in order to contribute to unravel the mechanisms of cytochrome c release. We found that, during staurosporine (STS)- induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, respiration is affected before the release of cytochrome c, as shown by a decrease in the endogenous uncoupled respiration and an uncoupling event, both occurring independently of cytochrome c release. The decline in the uncoupled respiration occurs also upon Bcl-2 overexpression (which inhibits cytochrome c release), while the uncoupling event is inhibited by Bcl-2. We also observed that the first stage of nuclear condensation during STS-induced apoptosis does not depend on the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and is a reversibile event. These findings may contribute to understand the mechanisms affecting mitochondria during the early stages of apoptosis and priming them for the release of apoptogenic factors. PMID:22666257

  19. Automatic identification of gait events using an instrumented sock

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Textile-based transducers are an emerging technology in which piezo-resistive properties of materials are used to measure an applied strain. By incorporating these sensors into a sock, this technology offers the potential to detect critical events during the stance phase of the gait cycle. This could prove useful in several applications, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems to assist gait. Methods We investigated the output of a knitted resistive strain sensor during walking and sought to determine the degree of similarity between the sensor output and the ankle angle in the sagittal plane. In addition, we investigated whether it would be possible to predict three key gait events, heel strike, heel lift and toe off, with a relatively straight-forward algorithm. This worked by predicting gait events to occur at fixed time offsets from specific peaks in the sensor signal. Results Our results showed that, for all subjects, the sensor output exhibited the same general characteristics as the ankle joint angle. However, there were large between-subjects differences in the degree of similarity between the two curves. Despite this variability, it was possible to accurately predict gait events using a simple algorithm. This algorithm displayed high levels of trial-to-trial repeatability. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of using textile-based transducers in future devices that provide active gait assistance. PMID:21619570

  20. Why and Where do Large Shallow Slab Earthquakes Occur?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seno, T.; Yoshida, M.

    2001-12-01

    Within a shallow portion (20-60 km depth) of subducting slabs, it has been believed that large earthquakes seldom occur because the differential stress is generally expected to be low between bending at the trench-outer rise and unbending at the intermediate-depth. However, there are several regions in which large ( M>=7.0 ) earthquakes, including three events early in this year, have occurred in this portion. Searching such events from published individual studies and Harvard University centroid moment tensor catalogue, we find nineteen events in eastern Hokkaido, Kyushu-SW Japan, Mariana, Manila, Sumatra, Vanuatu, Chile, Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, and Cascadia. Slab stresses revealed from the mechanism solutions of those large events and smaller events are tensional in a slab dip direction. However, ages of the subducting oceanic plates are generally young, which denies a possibility that the slab pull works as a cause. Except for Manila and Sumatra, the stresses in the overriding plates are characterized by the change in {σ }Hmax direction from arc-parallel in the back-arc to arc-perpendicular in the fore-arc, which implies that a horizontal stress gradient exists in the across-arc direction. Peru and Chile, where the back-arc is compressional, can be categorized into this type, because a horizontal stress gradient exists over the continent from tension in east to compression in the west. In these regions, it is expected that mantle drag forces are operating beneath the upper plates, which drive the upper plates to the trenchward overriding the subducting oceanic plates. Assuming that the mantle drag forces beneath the upper plates originate from the mantle convection currents or upwelling plumes, we infer that the upper plates driven by the convection suck the oceanic plates, making the shallow portion of the slabs in extra-tension, thus resulting in the large shallow slab earthquakes in this tectonic regime.

  1. Rapid Recent Warming of Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys.

    PubMed

    Manzello, Derek P

    2015-11-16

    Coral reef decline in the Florida Keys has been well-publicized, controversial, and polarizing owing to debate over the causative agent being climate change versus overfishing. The recurrence of mass bleaching in 2014, the sixth event since 1987, prompted a reanalysis of temperature data. The summer and winter of 2014 were the warmest on record. The oldest known in-situ temperature record of any coral reef is from Hens and Chickens Reef (H&C) in the Florida Keys, which showed significant warming from 1975-2014. The average number of days ≥31.5 and 32(o)C per year increased 2670% and 2560%, respectively, from the mid-1990 s to present relative to the previous 20 years. In every year after 1992 and 1994, maximum daily average temperatures exceeded 30.5 and 31°C, respectively. From 1975-1994, temperatures were <31 °C in 61% of years, and in 44% of the years prior to 1992 temperatures were <30.5 °C. The measured rate of warming predicts the start of annual bleaching between 2020 and 2034, sooner than expected from climate models and satellite-based sea temperatures. These data show that thermal stress is increasing and occurring on a near-annual basis on Florida Keys reefs due to ocean warming from climate change.

  2. Arctic and Tropical Influence on Extreme Precipitation Events, Atmospheric Rivers, and Associated Isotopic Values in the Western U.S.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCabe-Glynn, S. E.; Johnson, K. R.; Zou, Y.; Welker, J. M.; Strong, C.; Rutz, J. J.; Yu, J. Y.; Yoshimura, K.; Sellars, S. L.; Payne, A. E.

    2014-12-01

    Extreme precipitation events along the U.S. West Coast can result in major damage and are projected by most climate models to increase in frequency and severity. One of the most prevalent extreme precipitation events that occurs along the west coast of North America are known as 'Atmospheric Rivers' (ARs), whereby extensive fluxes of water vapor are transported from the tropics and/or subtropics, delivering substantial precipitation and contributing to flooding when they encounter mountains. This region is particularly vulnerable to ARs, with 30-50% of annual precipitation in this region occurring from just a few AR events. Because of the tropical and/or subtropical origin of ARs, they can carry unique isotopic properties. Here we present the results of analysis of weekly precipitation data and accompanying isotopic values from Giant Forest, in Sequoia National Park, in the southwestern Sierra Nevada Mountains (36.57° N; 118.78° W; 1921m) from 2001 to 2011. To better characterize these events, we focused on the 10 weeks with the highest precipitation totals (all greater than 150 mm) during the study period. We show that nine of the top ten weeks contain documented 'AR' events and that 90% occurred during the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. A comparison of extreme precipitation events across the Western U.S. with several key climate indices demonstrate these events occur most frequently when the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation is in sync with the negative phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the negative or neutral Pacific North American (PNA) pattern. We also demonstrate that central or eastern Pacific location of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies can further enhance predictive capabilities of the landfall location of extreme precipitation. Stable isotope results show that extreme precipitation events are characterized by highly variable δ18O (-7.20‰ to -19.27‰), however, we find that more negative δ18O values

  3. Key Design Elements of a Data Utility for National Biosurveillance: Event-driven Architecture, Caching, and Web Service Model

    PubMed Central

    Tsui, Fu-Chiang; Espino, Jeremy U.; Weng, Yan; Choudary, Arvinder; Su, Hoah-Der; Wagner, Michael M.

    2005-01-01

    The National Retail Data Monitor (NRDM) has monitored over-the-counter (OTC) medication sales in the United States since December 2002. The NRDM collects data from over 18,600 retail stores and processes over 0.6 million sales records per day. This paper describes key architectural features that we have found necessary for a data utility component in a national biosurveillance system. These elements include event-driven architecture to provide analyses of data in near real time, multiple levels of caching to improve query response time, high availability through the use of clustered servers, scalable data storage through the use of storage area networks and a web-service function for interoperation with affiliated systems. The methods and architectural principles are relevant to the design of any production data utility for public health surveillance—systems that collect data from multiple sources in near real time for use by analytic programs and user interfaces that have substantial requirements for time-series data aggregated in multiple dimensions. PMID:16779138

  4. Key design elements of a data utility for national biosurveillance: event-driven architecture, caching, and Web service model.

    PubMed

    Tsui, Fu-Chiang; Espino, Jeremy U; Weng, Yan; Choudary, Arvinder; Su, Hoah-Der; Wagner, Michael M

    2005-01-01

    The National Retail Data Monitor (NRDM) has monitored over-the-counter (OTC) medication sales in the United States since December 2002. The NRDM collects data from over 18,600 retail stores and processes over 0.6 million sales records per day. This paper describes key architectural features that we have found necessary for a data utility component in a national biosurveillance system. These elements include event-driven architecture to provide analyses of data in near real time, multiple levels of caching to improve query response time, high availability through the use of clustered servers, scalable data storage through the use of storage area networks and a web-service function for interoperation with affiliated systems. The methods and architectural principles are relevant to the design of any production data utility for public health surveillance-systems that collect data from multiple sources in near real time for use by analytic programs and user interfaces that have substantial requirements for time-series data aggregated in multiple dimensions.

  5. Psychological impact of unexpected explicit recall of events occurring during surgery performed under sedation, regional anaesthesia, and general anaesthesia: data from the Anesthesia Awareness Registry.

    PubMed

    Kent, C D; Mashour, G A; Metzger, N A; Posner, K L; Domino, K B

    2013-03-01

    Anaesthetic awareness is a recognized complication of general anaesthesia (GA) and is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although complete amnesia for intraprocedural events during sedation and regional anaesthesia (RA) may occur, explicit recall is expected by anaesthesia providers. Consequently, the possibility that there could be psychological consequences associated with unexpected explicit recall of events during sedation and RA has not been investigated. This study investigated the psychological sequelae of unexpected explicit recall of events during sedation/RA that was reported to the Anesthesia Awareness Registry. The Registry recruited subjects who self-identified as having had anaesthetic awareness. Inclusion criteria were a patient-reported awareness experience in 1990 or later and availability of medical records. The sensations experienced by the subjects during their procedure and the acute and persistent psychological sequelae attributed to this explicit recall were assessed for patients receiving sedation/RA and those receiving GA. Among the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, medical record review identified 27 sedation/RA and 50 GA cases. Most patients experienced distress (78% of sedation/RA vs 94% of GA). Approximately 40% of patients with sedation/RA had persistent psychological sequelae, similar to GA patients. Some sedation/RA patients reported an adverse impact on their job performance (15%), family relationships (11%), and friendships (11%), and 15% reported being diagnosed with PTSD. Patients who self-reported to the Registry unexpected explicit recall of events during sedation/RA experienced distress and persistent psychological sequelae comparable with those who had reported anaesthetic awareness during GA. Further study is warranted to determine if patients reporting distress with explicit recall after sedation/RA require psychiatric follow-up.

  6. Adverse events associated with pediatric exposures to dextromethorphan.

    PubMed

    Paul, Ian M; Reynolds, Kate M; Kauffman, Ralph E; Banner, William; Bond, G Randall; Palmer, Robert B; Burnham, Randy I; Green, Jody L

    2017-01-01

    Dextromethorphan is the most common over-the-counter (OTC) antitussive medication. We sought to characterize adverse events associated with dextromethorphan in children <12 years old from a surveillance program of OTC cough/cold medication exposures. This is a retrospective case series of oral exposures to dextromethorphan with ≥1 adverse event from multiple U.S. sources (National Poison Data System, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, manufacturer safety reports, news/media, medical literature) reported between 2008 and 2014. An expert panel determined the relationship between exposure and adverse events, estimated dose ingested, intent of exposure, and identified contributing factors to exposure. 1716 cases contained ≥1 adverse event deemed at least potentially related to dextromethorphan; 1417 were single product exposures. 773/1417 (55%) involved only one single-ingredient dextromethorphan product (dextromethorphan-only). Among dextromethorphan-only cases, 3% followed ingestion of a therapeutic dose; 78% followed an overdose. 69% involved unsupervised self-administration and 60% occurred in children <4 years old. No deaths or pathologic dysrhythmias occurred. Central nervous system [e.g., ataxia (N = 420)] and autonomic symptoms [e.g., tachycardia (N = 224)] were the most common adverse events. Flushing and/or urticarial rash occurred in 18.1% of patients. Dystonia occurred in 5.4%. No fatalities were identified in this multifaceted surveillance program following a dextromethorphan-only ingestion. Adverse events were predominantly associated with overdose, most commonly affecting the central nervous and autonomic systems.

  7. The December 2008 flood event in Rome: Was it really an extreme event?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lastoria, B.; Mariani, S.; Casaioli, M.; Bussettini, M.

    2009-04-01

    In mid December 2008, Italy suffered bad weather with heavy snowfall blanketing the north and strong winds and downpours pelting the centre-south. In particular, during the period between 10th and 12th December, intense precipitation struck the Tyrrhenian Sea side of the peninsula, inducing a flood event, which captured the attention of the national and international media, on the Tiber river and on its tributary, the Aniene. The relevance of the event was caused by the actual damages occurred in several zones over Rome area, in particular due to the downpours and to damages which would have occurred if Tiber river had overflowed its banks. The event, which was initially considered as extreme, was indeed severe but not so exceptional as shown by the meteo-hydrological post-event analysis. The peak water level of 12.55 m, recorded on 13th December at 1:30 a.m. (local time) at the Ripetta station, which is situated along the Tiber river in the centre of Rome, was higher than those observed during the last ten years (which to the utmost reached 11.41 m in December 2005). However, it did not reach the historical maximum of 16.90 m observed in 1937. Moreover, on the basis of the Ripetta historical series, such a level is associated to an ordinary flood event. Even if the flood was ordinary, a state of emergency was declared by the Rome's Mayor, since the event caused severe damages by disrupting flight and train services, blocking off major roads leading into Rome, flooding underpasses and sealing off industrial activities sited in the flooded areas, in particular nearby the confluence of the Aniene river with the Tiber river. In addition, hundreds of people were evacuated and a woman died in a her car which was submerged by a wave of water and mud in an underpass. Given these premises, the present work examines the relation between a severe, but not extraordinary, event and the considerable damages that occurred as a consequence. First, the meteorological evolution of

  8. Radionuclide data analysis in connection of DPRK event in May 2009

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nikkinen, Mika; Becker, Andreas; Zähringer, Matthias; Polphong, Pornsri; Pires, Carla; Assef, Thierry; Han, Dongmei

    2010-05-01

    The seismic event detected in DPRK on 25.5.2009 was triggering a series of actions within CTBTO/PTS to ensure its preparedness to detect any radionuclide emissions possibly linked with the event. Despite meticulous work to detect and verify, traces linked to the DPRK event were not found. After three weeks of high alert the PTS resumed back to normal operational routine. This case illuminates the importance of objectivity and procedural approach in the data evaluation. All the data coming from particulate and noble gas stations were evaluated daily, some of the samples even outside of office hours and during the weekends. Standard procedures were used to determine the network detection thresholds of the key (CTBT relevant) radionuclides achieved across the DPRK event area and for the assessment of radionuclides typically occurring at IMS stations (background history). Noble gas system has sometimes detections that are typical for the sites due to legitimate non-nuclear test related activities. Therefore, set of hypothesis were used to see if the detection is consistent with event time and location through atmospheric transport modelling. Also the consistency of event timing and isotopic ratios was used in the evaluation work. As a result it was concluded that if even 1/1000 of noble gasses from a nuclear detonation would had leaked, the IMS system would not had problems to detect it. This case also showed the importance of on-site inspections to verify the nuclear traces of possible tests.

  9. Rule-Based Event Processing and Reaction Rules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paschke, Adrian; Kozlenkov, Alexander

    Reaction rules and event processing technologies play a key role in making business and IT / Internet infrastructures more agile and active. While event processing is concerned with detecting events from large event clouds or streams in almost real-time, reaction rules are concerned with the invocation of actions in response to events and actionable situations. They state the conditions under which actions must be taken. In the last decades various reaction rule and event processing approaches have been developed, which for the most part have been advanced separately. In this paper we survey reaction rule approaches and rule-based event processing systems and languages.

  10. Relative timing of last glacial maximum and late-glacial events in the central tropical Andes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bromley, Gordon R. M.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Winckler, Gisela; Hall, Brenda L.; Todd, Claire E.; Rademaker, Kurt M.

    2009-11-01

    Whether or not tropical climate fluctuated in synchrony with global events during the Late Pleistocene is a key problem in climate research. However, the timing of past climate changes in the tropics remains controversial, with a number of recent studies reporting that tropical ice age climate is out of phase with global events. Here, we present geomorphic evidence and an in-situ cosmogenic 3He surface-exposure chronology from Nevado Coropuna, southern Peru, showing that glaciers underwent at least two significant advances during the Late Pleistocene prior to Holocene warming. Comparison of our glacial-geomorphic map at Nevado Coropuna to mid-latitude reconstructions yields a striking similarity between Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Late-Glacial sequences in tropical and temperate regions. Exposure ages constraining the maximum and end of the older advance at Nevado Coropuna range between 24.5 and 25.3 ka, and between 16.7 and 21.1 ka, respectively, depending on the cosmogenic production rate scaling model used. Similarly, the mean age of the younger event ranges from 10 to 13 ka. This implies that (1) the LGM and the onset of deglaciation in southern Peru occurred no earlier than at higher latitudes and (2) that a significant Late-Glacial event occurred, most likely prior to the Holocene, coherent with the glacial record from mid and high latitudes. The time elapsed between the end of the LGM and the Late-Glacial event at Nevado Coropuna is independent of scaling model and matches the period between the LGM termination and Late-Glacial reversal in classic mid-latitude records, suggesting that these events in both tropical and temperate regions were in phase.

  11. Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seno, Tetsuzo; Yoshida, Masaki

    2004-03-01

    We try to find how often, and in what regions large earthquakes ( M≥7.0) occur within the shallow portion (20-60 km depth) of a subducting slab. Searching for events in published individual studies and the Harvard University centroid moment tensor catalogue, we find twenty such events in E. Hokkaido, Kyushu-SW, Japan, S. Mariana, Manila, Sumatra, Vanuatu, N. Chile, C. Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, N. Cascadia and Alaska. Slab stresses revealed from the mechanism solutions of these large intraslab events and nearby smaller events are almost always down-dip tensional. Except for E. Hokkaido, Manila, and Sumatra, the upper plate shows horizontal stress gradient in the arc-perpendicular direction. We infer that shear tractions are operating at the base of the upper plate in this direction to produce the observed gradient and compression in the outer fore-arc, balancing the down-dip tensional stress of the slab. This tectonic situation in the subduction zone might be realized as part of the convection system with some conditions, as shown by previous numerical simulations.

  12. Transcriptome and metabolome of synthetic Solanum autotetraploids reveal key genomic stress events following polyploidization.

    PubMed

    Fasano, Carlo; Diretto, Gianfranco; Aversano, Riccardo; D'Agostino, Nunzio; Di Matteo, Antonio; Frusciante, Luigi; Giuliano, Giovanni; Carputo, Domenico

    2016-06-01

    Polyploids are generally classified as autopolyploids, derived from a single species, and allopolyploids, arising from interspecific hybridization. The former represent ideal materials with which to study the consequences of genome doubling and ascertain whether there are molecular and functional rules operating following polyploidization events. To investigate whether the effects of autopolyploidization are common to different species, or if species-specific or stochastic events are prevalent, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic characterization of diploids and autotetraploids of Solanum commersonii and Solanum bulbocastanum. Autopolyploidization remodelled the transcriptome and the metabolome of both species. In S. commersonii, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in pericentromeric regions. Most changes were stochastic, suggesting a strong genotypic response. However, a set of robustly regulated transcripts and metabolites was also detected, including purine bases and nucleosides, which are likely to underlie a common response to polyploidization. We hypothesize that autopolyploidization results in nucleotide pool imbalance, which in turn triggers a genomic shock responsible for the stochastic events observed. The more extensive genomic stress and the higher number of stochastic events observed in S. commersonii with respect to S. bulbocastanum could be the result of the higher nucleoside depletion observed in this species. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

  13. Eventos de Junio (June Events).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor

    Written in Spanish, this booklet contains brief information on six June events celebrated by Puerto Ricans: Nathan Hale, Dia de la Bandera (Flag Day), Francisco Oller, Dia de los Padres (Father's Day), Fiesta de San Juan Bautista, and school graduation. Designed for teachers, the booklet includes a listing of 16 historical events occurring in…

  14. SPCZ zonal events and downstream influence on surface ocean conditions in the Indonesian Throughflow region

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Linsley, Braddock K.; Wu, Henry C.; Rixen, Tim; Charles, Christopher D.; Gordon, Arnold L.; Moore, Michael D.

    2017-01-01

    Seasonal surface freshening of the Makassar Strait, the main conduit of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is a key factor controlling the ITF. Here we present a 262 year reconstruction of seasonal sea-surface-salinity variability from 1742 to 2004 Common Era by using coral δ18O records from the central Makassar Strait. Our record reveals persistent seasonal freshening and also years with significant truncations of seasonal freshening that correlate exactly with South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) zonal events >4000 km to the east. During these events, the SPCZ dramatically rotates 15° north to near the equator and stronger westward flowing South Pacific boundary currents force higher-salinity water through the Makassar Strait in February-May halting the normal seasonal freshening in the strait. By these teleconnections, our Makassar coral δ18O series provides the first record of the recurrence interval of these zonal SPCZ events and demonstrates that they have occurred on a semiregular basis since the mid-1700s.

  15. Volcanic eruptions and seismicity of Mt. Baekdu (Changbai) occurred in the historical time

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kang, T.; Baag, C.; Chu, K.

    2011-12-01

    Recently, it was reported that the Mt. Baekdu had large volcanic eruptions at least two times in the geological and historical times and the lake Cheonji (Tianchi in Chinese) had formed by collapse of the summit part of the mountain. The last one of the four eruptions occurred in the historical time. Geologists tried to measure the date of eruptions using carbon isotope, but the results show diversity ranging approximately form AD 8 to 14 centuries corresponding to the dates of two dynasties of Balhae (Bohai in Chinese) and Goryeo. Unfortunately, there is no distinct record of the eruptions in this period in historical literatures. In the current study, we could infer that the last great volcanic eruption occurred in the winter time with strong northwestern seasonal wind, considering the distribution of pumice on the satellite images and the thickness of the pumice layers measured at sites in relationship with the climatic environment. On the other hand, some researchers interpreted five events appearing in historical documents written in the Joseon dynasty to be related to volcanic eruptions of Mt. Baekdu. These events occurred in the years 1413, 1597, 1668, 1702, and 1903. Their interpretations have been widely cited in journals and books, However based on critical reviews of historical literature including Joseon Wangjo Sillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), we find that three events of the five were not related to volcanic eruptions of the Mt. Baekdu. Events in the years 1413 and 1668 were phenomena of Asian dust. The event in 1903 recorded in a Chinese literature is found to be a shower type of rain drop with hail accompanied by thunder and lightning. Only the two events in 1597 and 1702 are confirmed to be related to volcanic activities of Mt. Baekdu. According to Joseon Wangjo Sillok, a large earthquake of maximum intensity 9 (Modified Mercalli Intensity, MMI) and its aftershocks occurred at the border region of Samsu county in Hamgyeongdo Province in the

  16. Recognition of maximum flooding events in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems: Key to global chronostratigraphic correlation

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mancini, E.A.; Tew, B.H.

    1997-01-01

    The maximum flooding event within a depositional sequence is an important datum for correlation because it represents a virtually synchronous horizon. This event is typically recognized by a distinctive physical surface and/or a significant change in microfossil assemblages (relative fossil abundance peaks) in siliciclastic deposits from shoreline to continental slope environments in a passive margin setting. Recognition of maximum flooding events in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments is more complicated because the entire section usually represents deposition in continental shelf environments with varying rates of biologic and carbonate productivity versus siliciclastic influx. Hence, this event cannot be consistently identified simply by relative fossil abundance peaks. Factors such as siliciclastic input, carbonate productivity, sediment accumulation rates, and paleoenvironmental conditions dramatically affect the relative abundances of microfossils. Failure to recognize these complications can lead to a sequence stratigraphic interpretation that substantially overestimates the number of depositional sequences of 1 to 10 m.y. duration.

  17. Couple Resilience Inventory: Two dimensions of naturally occurring relationship behavior during stressful life events.

    PubMed

    Sanford, Keith; Backer-Fulghum, Lindsey M; Carson, Chelsea

    2016-10-01

    A series of 3 studies using samples of married or cohabiting people were conducted to develop a new scale for measuring resilience in couples. Resilience involves the extent to which couples engage in behaviors that help each partner cope during stressful life events. In the first study, 525 people responded to open-ended questions, and a qualitative analysis identified 49 different potential types of resilience behavior that people naturally experience and notice in their relationships. In the second study, 320 people completed a questionnaire assessing the 49 resilience behaviors. Several items were correlated with measures of well-being and quality of life, and results suggested that the domain of resilience items could be reduced to 2 factors: 1 pertaining to positive behavior and the other to negative. In the third study, 18 items were selected to create a new measure of couple resilience, and the measure was tested with a sample of 568 people. The new measure fit an expected 2-dimensional factor structure. Scales measuring positive and negative behavior were nearly orthogonal, but both correlated with measures of quality of life and well-being, and most effects remained significant after controlling for relationship satisfaction. The resilience scales had moderate cross-partner correlations when 2 partners reported on the same stressful event. These results provide preliminary validity evidence for use of the new measure of couple resilience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  18. Longitudinal hydrodynamics from event-by-event Landau initial conditions

    DOE PAGES

    Sen, Abhisek; Gerhard, Jochen; Torrieri, Giorgio; ...

    2015-02-02

    Here we investigate three-dimensional ideal hydrodynamic evolution, with Landau initial conditions, incorporating event-by-event variation with many events and transverse density inhomogeneities. We show that the transition to boost-invariant flow occurs too late for realistic setups, with corrections of θ (20%-30%) expected at freeze-out for most scenarios. Moreover, the deviation from boost invariance is correlated with both transverse flow and elliptic flow, with the more highly transversely flowing regions also showing the most violation of boost invariance. Therefore, if longitudinal flow is not fully developed at the early stages of heavy ion collisions, hydrodynamics where boost invariance holds at midrapidity ismore » inadequate to extract transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma. We conclude by arguing that developing experimental probes of boost invariance is necessary, and suggest some promising directions in this regard.« less

  19. Event attribution: Human influence on the record-breaking cold event in January of 2016 in Eastern China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qian, C.; Wang, J.; Dong, S.; Yin, H.; Burke, C.; Ciavarella, A.; Dong, B.; Freychet, N.; Lott, F. C.; Tett, S. F.

    2017-12-01

    It is controversial whether Asian mid-latitude cold surges are becoming more likely as a consequence of Arctic warming. Here, we present an event attribution study in mid-latitude Eastern China. A strong cold surge occurred during 21st-25th January 2016 affecting most areas of China, especially Eastern China. Daily minimum temperature (Tmin) records were broken at many stations. The area averaged anomaly of Tmin over the region (20-44N, 100-124E) for this pentad was the lowest temperature recorded since modern meteorological observations started in 1960. This cold event occurred in a background of the warmest winter Tmin since 1960. Given the vast damages caused by this extreme cold event in Eastern China and the previous mentioned controversy, it is compelling to investigate how much anthropogenic forcing agents have affected the probability of cold events with an intensity equal to or larger than the January 2016 extreme event. We use the Met Office Hadley Centre system for Attribution of extreme weather and Climate Events and station observations to investigate the effect of anthropogenic forcings on the likelihood of such a cold event. Anthropogenic influences are estimated to have reduced the likelihood of an extreme cold event in mid-winter with the intensity equal to or stronger than the record of 2016 in Eastern China by about 2/3.

  20. Very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) detected during episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events in Cascadia using a match filter method indicate repeating events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hutchison, A. A.; Ghosh, A.

    2016-12-01

    Very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) occur in transitional zones of faults, releasing seismic energy in the 0.02-0.05 Hz frequency band over a 90 s duration and typically have magntitudes within the range of Mw 3.0-4.0. VLFEs can occur down-dip of the seismogenic zone, where they can transfer stress up-dip potentially bringing the locked zone closer to a critical failure stress. VLFEs also occur up-dip of the seismogenic zone in a region along the plate interface that can rupture coseismically during large megathrust events, such as the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake [Ide et al., 2011]. VLFEs were first detected in Cascadia during the 2011 episodic tremor and slip (ETS) event, occurring coincidentally with tremor [Ghosh et al., 2015]. However, during the 2014 ETS event, VLFEs were spatially and temporally asynchronous with tremor activity [Hutchison and Ghosh, 2016]. Such contrasting behaviors remind us that the mechanics behind such events remain elusive, yet they are responsible for the largest portion of the moment release during an ETS event. Here, we apply a match filter method using known VLFEs as template events to detect additional VLFEs. Using a grid-search centroid moment tensor inversion method, we invert stacks of the resulting match filter detections to ensure moment tensor solutions are similar to that of the respective template events. Our ability to successfully employ a match filter method to VLFE detection in Cascadia intrinsically indicates that these events can be repeating, implying that the same asperities are likely responsible for generating multiple VLFEs.

  1. Calibration and validation of a small-scale urban surface water flood event using crowdsourced images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Green, Daniel; Yu, Dapeng; Pattison, Ian

    2017-04-01

    Surface water flooding occurs when intense precipitation events overwhelm the drainage capacity of an area and excess overland flow is unable to infiltrate into the ground or drain via natural or artificial drainage channels, such as river channels, manholes or SuDS. In the UK, over 3 million properties are at risk from surface water flooding alone, accounting for approximately one third of the UK's flood risk. The risk of surface water flooding is projected to increase due to several factors, including population increases, land-use alterations and future climatic changes in precipitation resulting in an increased magnitude and frequency of intense precipitation events. Numerical inundation modelling is a well-established method of investigating surface water flood risk, allowing the researcher to gain a detailed understanding of the depth, velocity, discharge and extent of actual or hypothetical flood scenarios over a wide range of spatial scales. However, numerical models require calibration of key hydrological and hydraulic parameters (e.g. infiltration, evapotranspiration, drainage rate, roughness) to ensure model outputs adequately represent the flood event being studied. Furthermore, validation data such as crowdsourced images or spatially-referenced flood depth collected during a flood event may provide a useful validation of inundation depth and extent for actual flood events. In this study, a simplified two-dimensional inertial based flood inundation model requiring minimal pre-processing of data (FloodMap-HydroInundation) was used to model a short-duration, intense rainfall event (27.8 mm in 15 minutes) that occurred over the Loughborough University campus on the 28th June 2012. High resolution (1m horizontal, +/- 15cm vertical) DEM data, rasterised Ordnance Survey topographic structures data and precipitation data recorded at the University weather station were used to conduct numerical modelling over the small (< 2km2), contained urban catchment. To

  2. Different Kinds of Causality in Event Cognition

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Tamplin, Andrea K.; Armendarez, Joseph; Thompson, Alexis N.

    2014-01-01

    Narrative memory is better for information that is more causally connected and occurs at event boundaries, such as a causal break. However, it is unclear whether there are common or distinct influences of causality. For the event boundaries that arise as a result of causal breaks, the events that follow may subsequently become more causally…

  3. Thinking about low-probability events. An Exemplar-Cuing theory.

    PubMed

    Koehler, Jonathan J; Macchi, Laura

    2004-08-01

    The way people respond to the chance that an unlikely event will occur depends on how the event is described. We propose that people attach more weight to unlikely events when they can easily generate or imagine examples in which the event has occurred or will occur than when they cannot. We tested this idea in two experiments with mock jurors using written murder scenarios. The results suggested that jurors attach more weight to the defendant's claim that an incriminating DNA match is merely coincidental when it is easy for them to imagine other individuals whose DNA would also match than when it is not easy for them to imagine such individuals. We manipulated the difficulty of imagining such examples by varying the description of the DNA-match statistic. Some of the variations that influenced the jurors were normatively irrelevant.

  4. Seismicity in Pennsylvania: Evidence for Anthropogenic Events?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Homman, K.; Nyblade, A.

    2015-12-01

    The deployment and operation of the USArray Transportable Array (TA) and the PASEIS (XY) seismic networks in Pennsylvania during 2013 and 2014 provide a unique opportunity for investigating the seismicity of Pennsylvania. These networks, along with several permanent stations in Pennsylvania, resulted in a total of 104 seismometers in and around Pennsylvania that have been used in this study. Event locations were first obtained with Antelope Environmental Monitoring Software using P-wave arrival times. Arrival times were hand picked using a 1-5 Hz bandpass filter to within 0.1 seconds. Events were then relocated using a velocity model developed for Pennsylvania and the HYPOELLIPSE location code. In this study, 1593 seismic events occurred between February 2013 and December 2014 in Pennsylvania. These events ranged between magnitude (ML) 1.04 and 2.89 with an average MLof 1.90. Locations of the events occur across the state in many areas where no seismicity has been previously reported. Preliminary results indicate that most of these events are related to mining activity. Additional work using cross-correlation techniques is underway to examine a number of event clusters for evidence of hydraulic fracturing or wastewater injection sources.

  5. Extreme Space Weather Events: From Cradle to Grave

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riley, Pete; Baker, Dan; Liu, Ying D.; Verronen, Pekka; Singer, Howard; Güdel, Manuel

    2018-02-01

    Extreme space weather events, while rare, can have a substantial impact on our technologically-dependent society. And, although such events have only occasionally been observed, through careful analysis of a wealth of space-based and ground-based observations, historical records, and extrapolations from more moderate events, we have developed a basic picture of the components required to produce them. Several key issues, however, remain unresolved. For example, what limits are imposed on the maximum size of such events? What are the likely societal consequences of a so-called "100-year" solar storm? In this review, we summarize our current scientific understanding about extreme space weather events as we follow several examples from the Sun, through the solar corona and inner heliosphere, across the magnetospheric boundary, into the ionosphere and atmosphere, into the Earth's lithosphere, and, finally, its impact on man-made structures and activities, such as spacecraft, GPS signals, radio communication, and the electric power grid. We describe preliminary attempts to provide probabilistic forecasts of extreme space weather phenomena, and we conclude by identifying several key areas that must be addressed if we are better able to understand, and, ultimately, predict extreme space weather events.

  6. Hospital-based transfusion error tracking from 2005 to 2010: identifying the key errors threatening patient transfusion safety.

    PubMed

    Maskens, Carolyn; Downie, Helen; Wendt, Alison; Lima, Ana; Merkley, Lisa; Lin, Yulia; Callum, Jeannie

    2014-01-01

    This report provides a comprehensive analysis of transfusion errors occurring at a large teaching hospital and aims to determine key errors that are threatening transfusion safety, despite implementation of safety measures. Errors were prospectively identified from 2005 to 2010. Error data were coded on a secure online database called the Transfusion Error Surveillance System. Errors were defined as any deviation from established standard operating procedures. Errors were identified by clinical and laboratory staff. Denominator data for volume of activity were used to calculate rates. A total of 15,134 errors were reported with a median number of 215 errors per month (range, 85-334). Overall, 9083 (60%) errors occurred on the transfusion service and 6051 (40%) on the clinical services. In total, 23 errors resulted in patient harm: 21 of these errors occurred on the clinical services and two in the transfusion service. Of the 23 harm events, 21 involved inappropriate use of blood. Errors with no harm were 657 times more common than events that caused harm. The most common high-severity clinical errors were sample labeling (37.5%) and inappropriate ordering of blood (28.8%). The most common high-severity error in the transfusion service was sample accepted despite not meeting acceptance criteria (18.3%). The cost of product and component loss due to errors was $593,337. Errors occurred at every point in the transfusion process, with the greatest potential risk of patient harm resulting from inappropriate ordering of blood products and errors in sample labeling. © 2013 American Association of Blood Banks (CME).

  7. Spacecraft-to-Earth Communications for Juno and Mars Science Laboratory Critical Events

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Soriano, Melissa; Finley, Susan; Jongeling, Andre; Fort, David; Goodhart, Charles; Rogstad, David; Navarro, Robert

    2012-01-01

    Deep Space communications typically utilize closed loop receivers and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Critical spacecraft events include orbit insertion and entry, descent, and landing.---Low gain antennas--> low signal -to-noise-ratio.---High dynamics such as parachute deployment or spin --> Doppler shift. During critical events, open loop receivers and Multiple Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) used. Entry, Descent, Landing (EDL) Data Analysis (EDA) system detects tones in real-time.

  8. Automated secured cost effective key refreshing technique to enhance WiMAX privacy key management

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sridevi, B.; Sivaranjani, S.; Rajaram, S.

    2013-01-01

    In all walks of life the way of communication is transformed by the rapid growth of wireless communication and its pervasive use. A wireless network which is fixed and richer in bandwidth is specified as IEEE 802.16, promoted and launched by an industrial forum is termed as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). This technology enables seamless delivery of wireless broadband service for fixed and/or mobile users. The obscurity is the long delay which occurs during the handoff management in every network. Mobile WiMAX employs an authenticated key management protocol as a part of handoff management in which the Base Station (BS) controls the distribution of keying material to the Mobile Station (MS). The protocol employed is Privacy Key Management Version 2- Extensible Authentication Protocol (PKMV2-EAP) which is responsible for the normal and periodical authorization of MSs, reauthorization as well as key refreshing. Authorization key (AK) and Traffic Encryption key (TEK) plays a vital role in key exchange. When the lifetime of key expires, MS has to request for a new key to BS which in turn leads to repetition of authorization, authentication as well as key exchange. To avoid service interruption during reauthorization , two active keys are transmitted at the same time by BS to MS. The consequences of existing work are hefty amount of bandwidth utilization, time consumption and large storage. It is also endured by Man in the Middle attack and Impersonation due to lack of security in key exchange. This paper designs an automatic mutual refreshing of keys to minimize bandwidth utilization, key storage and time consumption by proposing Previous key and Iteration based Key Refreshing Function (PKIBKRF). By integrating PKIBKRF in key generation, the simulation results indicate that 21.8% of the bandwidth and storage of keys are reduced and PKMV2 mutual authentication time is reduced by 66.67%. The proposed work is simulated with Qualnet model and

  9. Assessing Coral Response to a Severe Bleaching Event Using Mulimolecular Biomarkers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Babcock-Adams, L.; Minarro, S.; Fitt, W. K.; Medeiros, P. M.

    2016-02-01

    Coral bleaching events occur primarily due to increased seawater temperatures that results in the expulsion and/or reduction of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. The Adaptive Bleaching Hypothesis suggests that bleaching events allow a different symbiont to populate the host. Specifically, the Symbiodinium clade D has been shown to increase in abundance following a bleaching event. Approximately 40 coral tissue samples (Orbicella annularis and Orbicella faveolata) were collected in the Florida Keys in March, May, August, and November of 2000, and analyzed using GC-MS for molecular biomarkers to determine if a different suite of compounds is produced at different times following the severe bleaching events in 1997 and 1998, and to relate the biomarker composition and levels to the symbiont(s) that were present in the corals. Our preliminary results show a predominant presence of saccharides (e.g., glucose, sucrose) and sterols (e.g., cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol), and to a lesser degree saturated (C16:0, C18:0, C20:0) and unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1; C18:1; C18:2; C20:4). The corals with the bleaching resistant clade D symbiont have higher levels of sterols as compared to corals with other non-resistant symbionts that were collected at the same time point. Concentrations of both sterols and saccharides increased throughout time, especially from March to May, which may indicate a recovery of the corals.

  10. 76 FR 50669 - Safety Zones; Eleventh Coast Guard District Annual Fireworks Events

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-16

    ... occurring, add new unlisted annual fireworks events to the regulations, and standardize the format for all... to be added. In addition, information for those events that continue to occur has changed in some... sections will be updated or added as follows: update with current information existing events, add...

  11. Incidence and economic burden of suspected adverse events and adverse event monitoring during AF therapy.

    PubMed

    Kim, M H; Lin, J; Hussein, M; Battleman, D

    2009-12-01

    Rhythm- and rate-control therapies are an essential part of atrial fibrillation (AF) management; however, the use of existing agents is often limited by the occurrence of adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate suspected adverse events and adverse event monitoring, and associated medical costs, in patients receiving AF rhythm-control and/or rate-control therapy. This retrospective cohort study used claims data from the Integrated Healthcare Information Systems National Managed Care Benchmark Database from 2002-2006. Patients hospitalized for AF (primary diagnosis), and who had at least 365 days' enrollment before and after the initial (index) AF hospitalization, were included in the analysis. Suspected AF therapy-related adverse events and function tests for adverse event monitoring were identified according to pre-specified diagnosis codes/procedures, and examined over the 12 months following discharge from the index hospitalization. Events/function tests had to have occurred within 90 days of a claim for AF therapy to be considered a suspected adverse event/adverse event monitoring. Of 4174 AF patients meeting the study criteria, 3323 received AF drugs; 428 received rhythm-control only (12.9%), 2130 rate-control only (64.1%), and 765 combined rhythm/rate-control therapy (23.0%). Overall, 50.1% of treated patients had a suspected adverse event and/or function test for adverse event monitoring (45.5% with rate-control, 53.5% with rhythm-control, and 61.2% with combined rhythm/rate-control). Suspected cardiovascular adverse events were the most common events (occurring in 36.1% of patients), followed by pulmonary (6.1%), and endocrine events (5.9%). Overall, suspected adverse events/function tests were associated with mean annual per-patient costs of $3089 ($1750 with rhythm-control, $2041 with rate control, and $6755 with combined rhythm/rate-control). As a retrospective analysis, the study is subject to potential selection bias, while its reliance on

  12. Grammatical aspect, lexical aspect, and event duration constrain the availability of events in narratives.

    PubMed

    Becker, Raymond B; Ferretti, Todd R; Madden-Lombardi, Carol J

    2013-11-01

    The present study investigates how readers' representations of narratives are constrained by three sources of temporal information; grammatical aspect, lexical aspect, and the duration of intervening events. Participants read short stories in which a target event with an intrinsic endpoint or not (lexical aspect: accomplishments/activities) was described as ongoing or completed (grammatical aspect: imperfective/perfective). An intervening sentence described either a long or short duration event before the target situation was reintroduced later in the story. The electroencephalogram time-locked to the reintroduction of the target event elicited a larger N400 for perfective versus imperfective accomplishments, and this effect occurred only after short intervening events. Alternatively, the N400 to targets in the activity condition did not vary as a function of grammatical aspect or duration of intervening events. These results provide novel insight into how the temporal properties of events interact to constrain the availability of concepts in situation models. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Characteristics of Single-Event Upsets in a Fabric Switch (ADS151)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Buchner, Stephen; Carts, Martin A.; McMorrow, Dale; Kim, Hak; Marshall, Paul W.; LaBel, Kenneth A.

    2003-01-01

    Abstract-Two types of single event effects - bit errors and single event functional interrupts - were observed during heavy-ion testing of the AD8151 crosspoint switch. Bit errors occurred in bursts with the average number of bits in a burst being dependent on both the ion LET and on the data rate. A pulsed laser was used to identify the locations on the chip where the bit errors and single event functional interrupts occurred. Bit errors originated in the switches, drivers, and output buffers. Single event functional interrupts occurred when the laser was focused on the second rank latch containing the data specifying the state of each switch in the 33x17 matrix.

  14. Statistical Aspects of X-Class Halo and Non-Halo Events, 1996-2014

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilson, Robert M.

    2016-01-01

    Of the 166 X-class events that occurred during the interval 1996-2014, 80 had associations with halo events, 68 had no associations with halo events, and 18 occurred during LASCO (Large Angle and Spectrometric COronagraph) data gaps. Both the duration and location of the X-class halo events proved to be statistically important parameters with respect to the geo-effectiveness of the events. Forty-four of the 80 X-class halo events occurred within 45 degrees of the Sun's central meridian and 47 of the 80 had duration greater than or equal to 30 minutes, whereas only 28 of the 68 X-class non-halo events occurred within 45 degrees of the Sun's central meridian (2 events have unknown location) and 22 of the 68 had duration greater than or equal to 30 minutes. Ignoring the 4 largest X-class flares greater than or equal to X4.0 during the LASCO data gaps, 17 of the remaining 20 were associated with halo events, and 14 of the 17 had at least one geo-magnetically disturbed day (Ap (i.e. NOAA's Ap* (ApStar)index: the major magnetic storms going back to 1932) greater than or equal to 25 nanotesias) within 1-5 days following the X-class halo event. Based on the hourly Dst (Disturbance storm time) index, the most geo-effective X-class halo event during the interval 1996-2014 was that of an X1.7 flare that occurred on 2001 March 29 at 0957, having an hourly Disturbance storm time minimum equal to minus 387 nanotesias. On average, the X-class halo events (80 events) were found to have a mean duration (42 minutes) slightly longer than the mean duration (29 minutes) of the X-class non-halo events (68 events) with the difference in the means being statistically important at the 1 percent level of significance.

  15. Clustering of trauma and associations with single and co-occurring depression and panic attack over twenty years.

    PubMed

    McCutcheon, Vivia V; Heath, Andrew C; Nelson, Elliot C; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Madden, Pamela A F; Martin, Nicholas G

    2010-02-01

    Individuals who experience one type of trauma often experience other types, yet few studies have examined the clustering of trauma. This study examines the clustering of traumatic events and associations of trauma with risk for single and co-occurring major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic attack for 20 years after first trauma. Lifetime histories of MDD, panic attack, and traumatic events were obtained from participants in an Australian twin sample. Latent class analysis was used to derive trauma classes based on each respondent's trauma history. Associations of the resulting classes and of parental alcohol problems and familial effects with risk for a first onset of single and co-occurring MDD and panic attack were examined from the year of first trauma to 20 years later. Traumatic events clustered into three distinct classes characterized by endorsement of little or no trauma, primarily nonassaultive, and primarily assaultive events. Individuals in the assaultive class were characterized by a younger age at first trauma, a greater number of traumatic events, and high rates of parental alcohol problems. Members of the assaultive trauma class had the strongest and most enduring risk for single and co-occurring lifetime MDD and panic attack. Assaultive trauma outweighed associations of familial effects and nonassaultive trauma with risk for 10 years following first trauma.

  16. IR Variability of Eta Carinae: The 2009 Event

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smith, Nathan

    2008-08-01

    Every 5.5 years, η Carinae experiences a dramatic ``spectroscopic event'' when high-excitation lines in its UV, optical, and IR spectrum disappear, and its hard X-ray and radio continuum flux crash. This periodicity has been attributed to an eccentric binary system with a shell ejection occurring at periastron, and the next periastron event will occur in January 2009. The last event in June/July 2003 was poorly observed because the star was very low in the sky, but this next event is perfectly suited for an intense ground-based monitoring campaign. Mid-IR images and spectra with T-ReCS provide a direct measure of changes in the current bolometric luminosity and a direct measure of the mass in dust formation episodes that may occur at periastron in the colliding wind shock. Near-IR emission lines trace related changes in the post-event wind and ionization changes in the circumstellar environment needed to test specific models for the cause of η Car's variability as it recovers from its recent ``event''. Because the nebular geometry is known very well from previous observations in this program, monitoring the changes in nebular ionization will yield a 3-D map of the changing asymmetric UV radiation field geometry in the binary system, and the first estimate of the orientation of its orbit.

  17. Freight economic vulnerabilities due to flooding events.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-12-01

    Extreme weather events, and flooding in particular, have been occurring more often and with increased severity over the past decade, and there is reason to expect this trend will continue in the future due to a changing climate. Flooding events can u...

  18. Sparganothis fruitworm degree-day benchmarks provide key treatmen timings for cranberry IPM

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Degree-day benchmarks indicate discrete biological events in the development of insect pests. For the Sparganothis fruitworm, we have isolated all key development events and linked them to degree-day accumulations. These degree-day accumulations can greatly improve treatment timings for cranberry ...

  19. Estimated costs attributable to events of "out-of-temperature" in the stockpiling of hexavalent vaccines occurring in Italy.

    PubMed

    Silvestri, R; Marchetti, F

    2015-01-01

    Antigens contained in vaccines are inherently unstable biologically; such a characteristic is conferred by their three-dimensional structure. Preserving the ability of the vaccines to protect against disease is necessary to ensure the supervision and monitoring of all steps of the cold chain. DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexaTM, GSK Vaccines, Belgium) is designed to prevent disease due to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP), hepatitis B virus (HBV), poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); it was first licensed for use in Europe in 2000 and is currently licensed in at least 95 countries. Since October 2013, more than 102 million doses of GSK's DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine have been distributed globally, with nearly 15 million doses distributed in Italy. DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib components are stable up to a temperature of 25°C for 72 hours. Lacking of officially approved stability data may generate some concern in case of cold chain accidents. An analysis based on collected data was carried out to estimate potential costs attributable to events of "out-of-temperature" in the stockpiling of hexavalent vaccines occurring in Italy in 2014. The analysis, based on real data, documented that the loss for the National Health Service (NHS) was in the range of 100,000 - 400,000 euros in one year. However, the amount of money that in principle could have been lost would have ranged between nearly half and one million euros/year. A substantial loss of money was avoided thanks to the availability of officially approved stability data for GSK's DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine.

  20. Tipping the Balance: Hepatotoxicity and the Four Apical Key Events of Hepatic Steatosis

    EPA Science Inventory

    Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are descriptive biological sequences that start from a molecular initiating event (MIE) and end with an adverse health outcome. AOPs provide biological context for high throughput chemical testing and further prioritize environmental health risk r...

  1. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution for Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 04 protocol

    PubMed Central

    Mizutani, Akihiro; Tamaki, Kiyoshi; Ikuta, Rikizo; Yamamoto, Takashi; Imoto, Nobuyuki

    2014-01-01

    The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) was proposed to make BB84 completely free from any side-channel in detectors. Like in prepare & measure QKD, the use of other protocols in MDI setting would be advantageous in some practical situations. In this paper, we consider SARG04 protocol in MDI setting. The prepare & measure SARG04 is proven to be able to generate a key up to two-photon emission events. In MDI setting we show that the key generation is possible from the event with single or two-photon emission by a party and single-photon emission by the other party, but the two-photon emission event by both parties cannot contribute to the key generation. On the contrary to prepare & measure SARG04 protocol where the experimental setup is exactly the same as BB84, the measurement setup for SARG04 in MDI setting cannot be the same as that for BB84 since the measurement setup for BB84 in MDI setting induces too many bit errors. To overcome this problem, we propose two alternative experimental setups, and we simulate the resulting key rate. Our study highlights the requirements that MDI QKD poses on us regarding with the implementation of a variety of QKD protocols. PMID:24913431

  2. Event Coverage Detection and Event Source Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Zhangbing; Xing, Riliang; Duan, Yucong; Zhu, Yueqin; Xiang, Jianming

    2015-12-15

    With the advent of the Internet of Underwater Things, smart things are deployed in the ocean space and establish underwater wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of vast and dynamic underwater environments. When events are found to have possibly occurred, accurate event coverage should be detected, and potential event sources should be determined for the enactment of prompt and proper responses. To address this challenge, a technique that detects event coverage and determines event sources is developed in this article. Specifically, the occurrence of possible events corresponds to a set of neighboring sensor nodes whose sensory data may deviate from a normal sensing range in a collective fashion. An appropriate sensor node is selected as the relay node for gathering and routing sensory data to sink node(s). When sensory data are collected at sink node(s), the event coverage is detected and represented as a weighted graph, where the vertices in this graph correspond to sensor nodes and the weight specified upon the edges reflects the extent of sensory data deviating from a normal sensing range. Event sources are determined, which correspond to the barycenters in this graph. The results of the experiments show that our technique is more energy efficient, especially when the network topology is relatively steady.

  3. Event Coverage Detection and Event Source Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Zhou, Zhangbing; Xing, Riliang; Duan, Yucong; Zhu, Yueqin; Xiang, Jianming

    2015-01-01

    With the advent of the Internet of Underwater Things, smart things are deployed in the ocean space and establish underwater wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of vast and dynamic underwater environments. When events are found to have possibly occurred, accurate event coverage should be detected, and potential event sources should be determined for the enactment of prompt and proper responses. To address this challenge, a technique that detects event coverage and determines event sources is developed in this article. Specifically, the occurrence of possible events corresponds to a set of neighboring sensor nodes whose sensory data may deviate from a normal sensing range in a collective fashion. An appropriate sensor node is selected as the relay node for gathering and routing sensory data to sink node(s). When sensory data are collected at sink node(s), the event coverage is detected and represented as a weighted graph, where the vertices in this graph correspond to sensor nodes and the weight specified upon the edges reflects the extent of sensory data deviating from a normal sensing range. Event sources are determined, which correspond to the barycenters in this graph. The results of the experiments show that our technique is more energy efficient, especially when the network topology is relatively steady. PMID:26694394

  4. Homologous Flare-CME Events and Their Metric Type II Radio Burst Association

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yashiro, S.; Gopalswamy, N.; Makela, P.; Akiyama, S.; Uddin, W.; Srivastava, A. K.; Joshi, N. C.; Chandra, R.; Manoharan, P. K.; Mahalakshmi, K.; hide

    2014-01-01

    Active region NOAA 11158 produced many flares during its disk passage. At least two of these flares can be considered as homologous: the C6.6 flare at 06:51 UT and C9.4 flare at 12:41 UT on February 14, 2011. Both flares occurred at the same location (eastern edge of the active region) and have a similar decay of the GOES soft X-ray light curve. The associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were slow (334 and 337 km/s) and of similar apparent widths (43deg and 44deg), but they had different radio signatures. The second event was associated with a metric type II burst while the first one was not. The COR1 coronagraphs on board the STEREO spacecraft clearly show that the second CME propagated into the preceding CME that occurred 50 min before. These observations suggest that CME-CME interaction might be a key process in exciting the type II radio emission by slow CMEs.

  5. Comparison of Time-to-First Event and Recurrent Event Methods in Randomized Clinical Trials.

    PubMed

    Claggett, Brian; Pocock, Stuart; Wei, L J; Pfeffer, Marc A; McMurray, John J V; Solomon, Scott D

    2018-03-27

    Background -Most Phase-3 trials feature time-to-first event endpoints for their primary and/or secondary analyses. In chronic diseases where a clinical event can occur more than once, recurrent-event methods have been proposed to more fully capture disease burden and have been assumed to improve statistical precision and power compared to conventional "time-to-first" methods. Methods -To better characterize factors that influence statistical properties of recurrent-events and time-to-first methods in the evaluation of randomized therapy, we repeatedly simulated trials with 1:1 randomization of 4000 patients to active vs control therapy, with true patient-level risk reduction of 20% (i.e. RR=0.80). For patients who discontinued active therapy after a first event, we assumed their risk reverted subsequently to their original placebo-level risk. Through simulation, we varied a) the degree of between-patient heterogeneity of risk and b) the extent of treatment discontinuation. Findings were compared with those from actual randomized clinical trials. Results -As the degree of between-patient heterogeneity of risk was increased, both time-to-first and recurrent-events methods lost statistical power to detect a true risk reduction and confidence intervals widened. The recurrent-events analyses continued to estimate the true RR=0.80 as heterogeneity increased, while the Cox model produced estimates that were attenuated. The power of recurrent-events methods declined as the rate of study drug discontinuation post-event increased. Recurrent-events methods provided greater power than time-to-first methods in scenarios where drug discontinuation was ≤30% following a first event, lesser power with drug discontinuation rates of ≥60%, and comparable power otherwise. We confirmed in several actual trials in chronic heart failure that treatment effect estimates were attenuated when estimated via the Cox model and that increased statistical power from recurrent-events methods

  6. Bidirectional private key exchange using delay-coupled semiconductor lasers.

    PubMed

    Porte, Xavier; Soriano, Miguel C; Brunner, Daniel; Fischer, Ingo

    2016-06-15

    We experimentally demonstrate a key exchange cryptosystem based on the phenomenon of identical chaos synchronization. In our protocol, the private key is symmetrically generated by the two communicating partners. It is built up from the synchronized bits occurring between two current-modulated bidirectionally coupled semiconductor lasers with additional self-feedback. We analyze the security of the exchanged key and discuss the amplification of its privacy. We demonstrate private key generation rates up to 11  Mbit/s over a public channel.

  7. Changes in "hotter and wetter" events across China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, C.; Deng, H.; Lu, Y.; Qiu, X.; Wang, D.

    2017-12-01

    As global warming intensifies, efforts to understand the changes in extreme climate events have increased in recent years. A combined analysis of the changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events is presented in this paper. Using observational data from 1961 to 2015, a set of hotter and wetter (HW) events is defined, and we examine the changes in these events across China. The results show that more HW events occur in Central and Eastern China than in other subregions, especially in South China (SC). The rate of increase in HW events is 2.7 and 1.9 per decade in SC and East China (EC), respectively. In China, most HW events occurred in the last 20 years of the study period, indicating that China entered a period of high-frequency HW events. Indeed, the range in anomalies in the torrential rain days is greater than that of the high-temperature days in Northwest China (NWC), Central China (CC), and EC after the mid- to late 1990s. The opposite pattern is found in Northeast China (NEC), Southwest China-region 1 (SWC1), Southwest China-region 2 (SWC2), and SC. Finally, the increase in HW events in most regions of China is closely associated with warming.

  8. Thioredoxin plays a key role in retinal neuropathy prior to endothelial damage in diabetic mice

    PubMed Central

    Ren, Xiang; Li, Chen; Liu, Junli; Zhang, Chenghong; Fu, Yuzhen; Wang, Nina; Ma, Haiying; Lu, Heyuan; Kong, Hui; Kong, Li

    2017-01-01

    Diabetes is a chronic metabolic syndrome that results in changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. With diabetes for a long time, it increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and long-term morbidity and mortality. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that neuron damage occurs earlier than microvascular complications in DR patients, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated diabetes-induced retinal neuropathy and elucidated key molecular events to identify new therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment and prevention of DR. For in vivo studies, a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection were used to generate the diabetes model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for morphological observations and measurements of the outer nuclear layer thickness. Electroretinography (ERG) was used to assess retinal function. For in vitro studies, Neuro2a cells were incubated in normal (5.5 mM) and high-glucose (30 mM) conditions. Flow cytometry assays were performed to analyze apoptosis. Additionally, real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses were carried out to determine gene and protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the results indicated that retinal neuropathy occurred prior to endothelial damage induced by diabetes, and thioredoxin (Trx) plays a key role in this process. This underlying mechanism may be related to activation of the Trx/ASK1/p-p38/Trx-interacting protein pathway. PMID:28977868

  9. Florbetaben PET in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Discrete Event Simulation to Explore Its Potential Value and Key Data Gaps

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Shien; Getsios, Denis; Hernandez, Luis; Cho, Kelly; Lawler, Elizabeth; Altincatal, Arman; Lanes, Stephan; Blankenburg, Michael

    2012-01-01

    The growing understanding of the use of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may enable physicians to make more accurate and timely diagnoses. Florbetaben, a beta-amyloid tracer used with positron emission tomography (PET), is one of these diagnostic biomarkers. This analysis was undertaken to explore the potential value of florbetaben PET in the diagnosis of AD among patients with suspected dementia and to identify key data that are needed to further substantiate its value. A discrete event simulation was developed to conduct exploratory analyses from both US payer and societal perspectives. The model simulates the lifetime course of disease progression for individuals, evaluating the impact of their patient management from initial diagnostic work-up to final diagnosis. Model inputs were obtained from specific analyses of a large longitudinal dataset from the New England Veterans Healthcare System and supplemented with data from public data sources and assumptions. The analyses indicate that florbetaben PET has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs under certain scenarios. Key data on the use of florbetaben PET, such as its influence on time to confirmation of final diagnosis, treatment uptake, and treatment persistency, are unavailable and would be required to confirm its value. PMID:23326754

  10. The Collaborative Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hurlburt, N. E.; Schuler, D.; Cheung, C.

    2010-12-01

    The Collaborative Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase (CHEK) leverages and integrates the existing resources developed by HEK for SDO (Hurlburt et al. 2010) to provide a collaborative framework for heliophysics researchers. This framework will enable an environment were researches can not only identify and locate relevant data, but can deploy a social network for sharing and expanding knowledge about heliophysical events. CHEK will expand the HEK and key HEK clients into the heliosphere and geospace, and create a heliophysics social network. We describe our design and goals of the CHEK project and discuss its relation to Citizen Science in the heliosphere. Hurlburt, N et al. 2010, “A Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase for Solar Dynamics Observatory,” Sol Phys., in press

  11. Carbon Isotopes in Pinus elliotti from Big Pine Key, Florida: Indicators of Seasonal Precipitation, ENSO and Disturbance Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rebenack, C.; Willoughby, H. E.; Anderson, W. T.; Cherubini, P.

    2013-12-01

    , and disturbance events. Because slash pine growth is dependent on water availability, a chronology developed using carbon isotopes may provide greater insight into plant stress over time and ultimately may lead to better correlations with climate oscillations. The work presented here is the result of a carbon-isotope study of four slash pine trees from Big Pine Key, Florida. The δ13C data show seasonal stomatal activity in the trees that can be linked to regional precipitation and, to a larger extent, to the ENSO cycles. In addition, there are several anomalies in the carbon isotope record that may indicate the timing of disturbance events.

  12. Event reweighting with the NuWro neutrino interaction generator

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pickering, Luke; Stowell, Patrick; Sobczyk, Jan

    2017-09-01

    Event reweighting has been implemented in the NuWro neutrino event generator for a number of free theory parameters in the interaction model. Event reweighting is a key analysis technique, used to efficiently study the effect of neutrino interaction model uncertainties. This opens up the possibility for NuWro to be used as a primary event generator by experimental analysis groups. A preliminary model tuning to ANL and BNL data of quasi-elastic and single pion production events was performed to validate the reweighting engine.

  13. Alterations in the airborne bacterial community during Asian dust events occurring between February and March 2015 in South Korea

    PubMed Central

    Cha, Seho; Lee, Dongwook; Jang, Jun Hyeong; Lim, Sora; Yang, Dahye; Seo, Taegun

    2016-01-01

    During Asian dust events, a relatively high concentration of particulate matter is transported by wind from arid and semi-arid regions, such as the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts, to nearby countries, including China, Korea, and Japan. The dust particles contain various microorganisms, which can affect human health as well as the environmental microbe population. In the current study, we investigated the characteristics of the airborne bacterial community during Asian dust events between February and March 2015 in South Korea. Bacterial diversity indexes such as operational taxonomic units, Chao1 and Inverse Simpson index were increased, along with total 16S rRNA gene copy number during Asian dust events. The bacterial community structure during Asian dust events was clearly distinguishable from that during non-Asian dust days. The genera Bacillus and Modestobacter were increased 3.9- and 2.7-fold, respectively, while Escherichia-Shigella was decreased by 89.8%. A non-metric multidimensional scaling plot with metadata analysis revealed association of particulate matter concentration, but not temperature, humidity or wind speed, with bacterial community structure, suggesting that the newly transported dust particles contain various microorganisms that influence the airborne bacterial environment. PMID:27849049

  14. The Brain's Reward Response Occurs Even Without Actual Reward!

    PubMed

    Fielding, A; Fu, Y; Franz, E A

    2018-06-01

    What if the brain's response to reward occurs even when there is no reward? Wouldn't that be a further concern for people prone to problem gambling and other forms of addiction, like those related to eating? Electroencephalography was employed to investigate this possibility using probabilistic feedback manipulations and measures of known event-related potentials (ERPs) related to reward processing. We tested the hypothesis-that reward-based ERPs would occur even in the absence of a tangible reward and when manipulations on expectation are implicit. The well-known P300 response potential was a key focus, and was assessed in non-gambling volunteer undergraduates on a task involving experimentally-manipulated probabilities of positive or negative feedback comprising three trial types-80, 50, or 20% positive feedback. A feedback stimulus (F1) followed a guess response between two possible outcomes (implicit win/loss), and then a second feedback stimulus (F2) was presented to confirm an alleged 'win' or 'loss' (explicit win/loss). Results revealed that amplitude of the P300 in F1-locked data (implicit manipulation) was larger (more positive) on average for feedback outcomes that were manipulated to be less likely than expected. The effect is pronounced after increased time on task (later trials), even though the majority of participants were not explicitly aware of our probability manipulations. For the explicit effects in F2-locked data, no meaningful or significant effects were observed. These findings point to the existence of proposed success-response mechanisms that operate not only explicitly but also with implicit manipulations that do not involve any direct indication of a win or loss, and are not associated with tangible rewards. Thus, there seems to be a non-explicit form of perception (we call 'implicit') associated with an internal experience of wins/losses (in the absence of actual rewards or losses) that can be measured in associated brain processes. The

  15. Real-time measurements, rare events and photon economics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jalali, B.; Solli, D. R.; Goda, K.; Tsia, K.; Ropers, C.

    2010-07-01

    Rogue events otherwise known as outliers and black swans are singular, rare, events that carry dramatic impact. They appear in seemingly unconnected systems in the form of oceanic rogue waves, stock market crashes, evolution, and communication systems. Attempts to understand the underlying dynamics of such complex systems that lead to spectacular and often cataclysmic outcomes have been frustrated by the scarcity of events, resulting in insufficient statistical data, and by the inability to perform experiments under controlled conditions. Extreme rare events also occur in ultrafast physical sciences where it is possible to collect large data sets, even for rare events, in a short time period. The knowledge gained from observing rare events in ultrafast systems may provide valuable insight into extreme value phenomena that occur over a much slower timescale and that have a closer connection with human experience. One solution is a real-time ultrafast instrument that is capable of capturing singular and randomly occurring non-repetitive events. The time stretch technology developed during the past 13 years is providing a powerful tool box for reaching this goal. This paper reviews this technology and discusses its use in capturing rogue events in electronic signals, spectroscopy, and imaging. We show an example in nonlinear optics where it was possible to capture rare and random solitons whose unusual statistical distribution resemble those observed in financial markets. The ability to observe the true spectrum of each event in real time has led to important insight in understanding the underlying process, which in turn has made it possible to control soliton generation leading to improvement in the coherence of supercontinuum light. We also show a new class of fast imagers which are being considered for early detection of cancer because of their potential ability to detect rare diseased cells (so called rogue cells) in a large population of healthy cells.

  16. Civil protection and Damaging Hydrogeological Events: comparative analysis of the 2000 and 2015 events in Calabria (southern Italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petrucci, Olga; Caloiero, Tommaso; Aurora Pasqua, Angela; Perrotta, Piero; Russo, Luigi; Tansi, Carlo

    2017-11-01

    Calabria (southern Italy) is a flood prone region, due to both its rough orography and fast hydrologic response of most watersheds. During the rainy season, intense rain affects the region, triggering floods and mass movements that cause economic damage and fatalities. This work presents a methodological approach to perform the comparative analysis of two events affecting the same area at a distance of 15 years, by collecting all the qualitative and quantitative features useful to describe both rain and damage. The aim is to understand if similar meteorological events affecting the same area can have different outcomes in terms of damage. The first event occurred between 8 and 10 September 2000, damaged 109 out of 409 municipalities of the region and killed 13 people in a campsite due to a flood. The second event, which occurred between 30 October and 1 November 2015, damaged 79 municipalities, and killed a man due to a flood. The comparative analysis highlights that, despite the exceptionality of triggering daily rain was higher in the 2015 event, the damage caused by the 2000 event to both infrastructures and belongings was higher, and it was strongly increased due to the 13 flood victims. We concluded that, in the 2015 event, the management of pre-event phases, with the issuing of meteorological alert, and the emergency management, with the preventive evacuation of people in hazardous situations due to landslides or floods, contributed to reduce the number of victims.

  17. Quantifying full phenological event distributions reveals simultaneous advances, temporal stability and delays in spring and autumn migration timing in long-distance migratory birds.

    PubMed

    Miles, Will T S; Bolton, Mark; Davis, Peter; Dennis, Roy; Broad, Roger; Robertson, Iain; Riddiford, Nick J; Harvey, Paul V; Riddington, Roger; Shaw, Deryk N; Parnaby, David; Reid, Jane M

    2017-04-01

    Phenological changes in key seasonally expressed life-history traits occurring across periods of climatic and environmental change can cause temporal mismatches between interacting species, and thereby impact population and community dynamics. However, studies quantifying long-term phenological changes have commonly only measured variation occurring in spring, measured as the first or mean dates on which focal traits or events were observed. Few studies have considered seasonally paired events spanning spring and autumn or tested the key assumption that single convenient metrics accurately capture entire event distributions. We used 60 years (1955-2014) of daily bird migration census data from Fair Isle, Scotland, to comprehensively quantify the degree to which the full distributions of spring and autumn migration timing of 13 species of long-distance migratory bird changed across a period of substantial climatic and environmental change. In most species, mean spring and autumn migration dates changed little. However, the early migration phase (≤10th percentile date) commonly got earlier, while the late migration phase (≥90th percentile date) commonly got later. Consequently, species' total migration durations typically lengthened across years. Spring and autumn migration phenologies were not consistently correlated within or between years within species and hence were not tightly coupled. Furthermore, different metrics quantifying different aspects of migration phenology within seasons were not strongly cross-correlated, meaning that no single metric adequately described the full pattern of phenological change. These analyses therefore reveal complex patterns of simultaneous advancement, temporal stability and delay in spring and autumn migration phenologies, altering species' life-history structures. Additionally, they demonstrate that this complexity is only revealed if multiple metrics encompassing entire seasonal event distributions, rather than single

  18. Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change.

    PubMed

    Trnka, Miroslav; Hlavinka, Petr; Semenov, Mikhail A

    2015-11-06

    Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions. © 2015 The Authors.

  19. Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change

    PubMed Central

    Trnka, Miroslav; Hlavinka, Petr; Semenov, Mikhail A.

    2015-01-01

    Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions. PMID:26577595

  20. Carbon loss and greenhouse gas emission from extreme fire events occurred in Sardinia, Italy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bacciu, V. M.; Salis, M.; Pellizzaro, G.; Arca, B.; Duce, P.; Spano, D.

    2011-12-01

    It is widely recognized that biomass burning is a significant driver of CO2 cycling and a source of greenhouse gases, aerosol particles, and other chemically reactive atmospheric gases. The large amounts of carbon that fires release into the atmosphere could approach levels of anthropogenic carbon emissions, especially in years of extreme fire activity. CO2 emissions from 2007 forest fires in Greece were in the range of 4.5 Mt, representing about the 4% of the total annual CO2 emissions of that country (http://effis.jrc.it/). Barbosa et al. (2006) reported a similar percentage of fire emissions to total emissions of CO2 in Portugal during the extreme fire seasons of 2003 and 2005. Currently, inventory methods for biomass burning emission use the equation first proposed by Seiler and Crutzen (1980), taking into account the area burned, the amount of biomass burned, and the emission factors associated with each specific chemical species. However, several errors and uncertainties can affect the emission assessment, due to the estimate consistency of the various parameters involved in the equation, including flaming and smoldering combustion periods, appropriate fuel load evaluations and gaseous emission factors for different fuel fractions and fire types. In this context, model approaching can contribute to better appraise fuel consumption and the resultant emissions. In addition, more comprehensive and accurate data inputs would be of valuable help for predicting and quantifying the source and the composition of fire emissions. The purpose of this work is to explore the impacts of extreme fire events occurred in Sardinia Island (Italy) using an integrated approach combining modelling fire emissions, field observations and remotely-sensed data. In order to achieve realistic fire emission estimates, we used the FOFEM model, due to the necessity to use a consistent modeling methodology across source categories, the input required, and its ability to estimate flaming and

  1. Event Boundaries in Perception Affect Memory Encoding and Updating

    PubMed Central

    Swallow, Khena M.; Zacks, Jeffrey M.; Abrams, Richard A.

    2010-01-01

    Memory for naturalistic events over short delays is important for visual scene processing, reading comprehension, and social interaction. The research presented here examined relations between how an ongoing activity is perceptually segmented into events and how those events are remembered a few seconds later. In several studies participants watched movie clips that presented objects in the context of goal-directed activities. Five seconds after an object was presented, the clip paused for a recognition test. Performance on the recognition test depended on the occurrence of perceptual event boundaries. Objects that were present when an event boundary occurred were better recognized than other objects, suggesting that event boundaries structure the contents of memory. This effect was strongest when an object’s type was tested, but was also observed for objects’ perceptual features. Memory also depended on whether an event boundary occurred between presentation and test; this variable produced complex interactive effects that suggested that the contents of memory are updated at event boundaries. These data indicate that perceptual event boundaries have immediate consequences for what, when, and how easily information can be remembered. PMID:19397382

  2. The role of dose rate in radiation cancer risk: evaluating the effect of dose rate at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels using key events in critical pathways following exposure to low LET radiation

    PubMed Central

    Brooks, Antone L.; Hoel, David G.; Preston, R. Julian

    2016-01-01

    Abstract Purpose: This review evaluates the role of dose rate on cell and molecular responses. It focuses on the influence of dose rate on key events in critical pathways in the development of cancer. This approach is similar to that used by the U.S. EPA and others to evaluate risk from chemicals. It provides a mechanistic method to account for the influence of the dose rate from low-LET radiation, especially in the low-dose region on cancer risk assessment. Molecular, cellular, and tissues changes are observed in many key events and change as a function of dose rate. The magnitude and direction of change can be used to help establish an appropriate dose rate effectiveness factor (DREF). Conclusions: Extensive data on key events suggest that exposure to low dose-rates are less effective in producing changes than high dose rates. Most of these data at the molecular and cellular level support a large (2–30) DREF. In addition, some evidence suggests that doses delivered at a low dose rate decrease damage to levels below that observed in the controls. However, there are some data human and mechanistic data that support a dose-rate effectiveness factor of 1. In summary, a review of the available molecular, cellular and tissue data indicates that not only is dose rate an important variable in understanding radiation risk but it also supports the selection of a DREF greater than one as currently recommended by ICRP (2007) and BEIR VII (NRC/NAS 2006). PMID:27266588

  3. ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event directly affect the cell viability of cryopreserved embryogenic callus in Agapanthus praecox.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Di; Ren, Li; Chen, Guan-Qun; Zhang, Jie; Reed, Barbara M; Shen, Xiao-Hui

    2015-09-01

    Oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death, induced in part by H 2 O 2 , are two key factors that damage cells during plant cryopreservation. Their inhibition can improve cell viability. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event induced by ROS seriously impact plant cell viability during cryopreservation. This study documented changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, and detected dynamic changes in ROS components (O 2 (·-) , H2O2 and OH·), antioxidant systems, and programmed cell death (PCD) events during embryonic callus cryopreservation of Agapanthus praecox. Plasmolysis, organelle ultrastructure changes, and increases in malondialdehyde (a membrane lipid peroxidation product) suggested that oxidative damage and PCD events occurred at several early cryopreservation steps. PCD events including autophagy, apoptosis-like, and necrosis also occurred at later stages of cryopreservation, and most were apoptosis. H2O2 is the most important ROS molecule mediating oxidative damage and affecting cell viability, and catalase and AsA-GSH cycle are involved in scavenging the intracellular H2O2 and protecting the cells against stress damage in the whole process. Gene expression studies verified changes of antioxidant system and PCD-related genes at the main steps of the cryopreservation process that correlated with improved cell viability. Reducing oxidative stress or inhibition of apoptosis-like event by deactivating proteases improved cryopreserved cell viability from 49.14 to 86.85 % and 89.91 %, respectively. These results verify our model of ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event in plant cryopreservation. This study provided a novel insight into cell stress response mechanisms in cryopreservation.

  4. Cortical spreading depression occurs during elective neurosurgical procedures.

    PubMed

    Carlson, Andrew P; William Shuttleworth, C; Mead, Brittany; Burlbaw, Brittany; Krasberg, Mark; Yonas, Howard

    2017-01-01

    OBJECTIVE Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been observed with relatively high frequency in the period following human brain injury, including traumatic brain injury and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke. These events are characterized by loss of ionic gradients through massive cellular depolarization, neuronal dysfunction (depression of electrocorticographic [ECoG] activity) and slow spread (2-5 mm/min) across the cortical surface. Previous data obtained in animals have suggested that even in the absence of underlying injury, neurosurgical manipulation can induce CSD and could potentially be a modifiable factor in neurosurgical injury. The authors report their initial experience with direct intraoperative ECoG monitoring for CSD. METHODS The authors prospectively enrolled patients undergoing elective craniotomy for supratentorial lesions in cases in which the surgical procedure was expected to last > 2 hours. These patients were monitored for CSD from the time of dural opening through the time of dural closure, using a standard 1 × 6 platinum electrode coupled with an AC or full-spectrum DC amplifier. The data were processed using standard techniques to evaluate for slow potential changes coupled with suppression of high-frequency ECoG propagating across the electrodes. Data were compared with CSD validated in previous intensive care unit (ICU) studies, to evaluate recording conditions most likely to permit CSD detection, and identify likely events during the course of neurosurgical procedures using standard criteria. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent ECoG monitoring during elective neurosurgical procedures. During the periods of monitoring, 2 definite CSDs were observed to occur in 1 patient and 8 suspicious events were detected in 4 patients. In other patients, either no events were observed or artifact limited interpretation of the data. The DC-coupled amplifier system represented an improvement in stability of data compared with AC-coupled systems. Compared

  5. Long-term variability of dust events in Iceland (1949-2011)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P.; Arnalds, O.; Olafsson, H.

    2014-12-01

    The long-term frequency of atmospheric dust observations was investigated for the southern part of Iceland and interpreted together with earlier results obtained from northeastern (NE) Iceland (Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al., 2013). In total, over 34 dust days per year on average occurred in Iceland based on conventionally used synoptic codes for dust observations. However, frequent volcanic eruptions, with the re-suspension of volcanic materials and dust haze, increased the number of dust events fourfold (135 dust days annually). The position of the Icelandic Low determined whether dust events occurred in the NE (16.4 dust days annually) or in the southern (S) part of Iceland (about 18 dust days annually). The decade with the most frequent dust days in S Iceland was the 1960s, but the 2000s in NE Iceland. A total of 32 severe dust storms (visibility < 500 m) were observed in Iceland with the highest frequency of events during the 2000s in S Iceland. The Arctic dust events (NE Iceland) were typically warm, occurring during summer/autumn (May-September) and during mild southwesterly winds, while the subarctic dust events (S Iceland) were mainly cold, occurring during winter/spring (March-May) and during strong northeasterly winds. About half of the dust events in S Iceland occurred in winter or at sub-zero temperatures. A good correlation was found between particulate matter (PM10) concentrations and visibility during dust observations at the stations Vík and Stórhöfði. This study shows that Iceland is among the dustiest areas of the world and that dust is emitted year-round.

  6. Aftershocks and triggered events of the Great 1906 California earthquake

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Meltzner, A.J.; Wald, D.J.

    2003-01-01

    The San Andreas fault is the longest fault in California and one of the longest strike-slip faults in the world, yet little is known about the aftershocks following the most recent great event on the San Andreas, the Mw 7.8 San Francisco earthquake on 18 April 1906. We conducted a study to locate and to estimate magnitudes for the largest aftershocks and triggered events of this earthquake. We examined existing catalogs and historical documents for the period April 1906 to December 1907, compiling data on the first 20 months of the aftershock sequence. We grouped felt reports temporally and assigned modified Mercalli intensities for the larger events based on the descriptions judged to be the most reliable. For onshore and near-shore events, a grid-search algorithm (derived from empirical analysis of modern earthquakes) was used to find the epicentral location and magnitude most consistent with the assigned intensities. For one event identified as far offshore, the event's intensity distribution was compared with those of modern events, in order to contrain the event's location and magnitude. The largest aftershock within the study period, an M ???6.7 event, occurred ???100 km west of Eureka on 23 April 1906. Although not within our study period, another M ???6.7 aftershock occurred near Cape Mendocino on 28 October 1909. Other significant aftershocks included an M ???5.6 event near San Juan Bautista on 17 May 1906 and an M ???6.3 event near Shelter Cove on 11 August 1907. An M ???4.9 aftershock occurred on the creeping segment of the San Andreas fault (southeast of the mainshock rupture) on 6 July 1906. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake also triggered events in southern California (including separate events in or near the Imperial Valley, the Pomona Valley, and Santa Monica Bay), in western Nevada, in southern central Oregon, and in western Arizona, all within 2 days of the mainshock. Of these trigerred events, the largest were an M ???6.1 earthquake near Brawley

  7. [Recent life events preceding suicide attempt by drug overdose].

    PubMed

    Kubiak, Małgorzata; Musikowska, Barbara; Sein Anand, Jacek

    2013-01-01

    Recent stressful life events (ASLE) are considered to be one of the factors precipitating suicidal behavior. They precede a suicide attempt in most cases and according to research occur more often during the month or week before the suicide attempt. Interpersonal events are most common. The article presents an analysis of ASLE timing and incidence of events from specific categories during the month preceding suicide attempt by drug overdose. 124 patients admitted to the hospital because of suicidal intoxication were included in the study. Data regarding ASLE were collected with the use of a structured interview. Majority of patients attempting suicide by drug overdose experience a stressful event during the month prior to the suicide attempt. Nearly 4 out of 10 study subjects experience a stressful event on the day of the attempt or on the preceding day. Most common events that occur during the month prior to the attempt and immediately before the attempt are interpersonal events and most of them are related to relationships with spouses or partners.

  8. Solar Eruptive Events

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Holman, Gordon D.

    2012-01-01

    It s long been known that the Sun plays host to the most energetic explosions in the solar system. But key insights into the forms that energy takes have only recently become available. Solar flares have been phenomena of both academic and practical interest since their discovery in 1859. From the academic point of view, they are the nearest events for studying the explosive release of energy in astrophysical magnetized plasmas. From the practical point of view, they disrupt communication channels on Earth, from telegraph communications in 1859 to radio and television signals today. Flares also wreak havoc on the electrical power grid, satellite operations, and GPS signals, and energetic charged particles and radiation are dangerous to passengers on high-altitude polar flights and to astronauts. Flares are not the only explosive phenomena on the Sun. More difficult to observe but equally energetic are the large coronal mass ejections (CMEs), the ejection of up to ten billion tons of magnetized plasma into the solar wind at speeds that can exceed 1000 km/s. CMEs are primarily observed from the side, with coronagraphs that block out the bright disk of the Sun and lower solar atmosphere so that light scattered from the ejected mass can be seen. Major geomagnetic storms are now known to arise from the interaction of CMEs with Earth's magnetosphere. Solar flares are observed without CMEs, and CMEs are observed without flares. The two phenomena often occur together, however, and almost always do in the case of large flares and fast CMEs. The term solar eruptive event refers to the combination of a flare and a CME. Solar eruptive events generate a lot of heat: They can heat plasma to temperatures as high at 50 million Kelvin, producing radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. But that s not all. A fascinating aspect of solar eruptive events is the acceleration of electrons and ions to suprathermal often relativistic energies. The accelerated particles are primarily

  9. Causal relationships between solar proton events and single event upsets for communication satellites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lohmeyer, W. Q.; Cahoy, K.; Liu, Shiyang

    In this work, we analyze a historical archive of single event upsets (SEUs) maintained by Inmarsat, one of the world's leading providers of global mobile satellite communications services. Inmarsat has operated its geostationary communication satellites and collected extensive satellite anomaly and telemetry data since 1990. Over the course of the past twenty years, the satellites have experienced more than 226 single event upsets (SEUs), a catch-all term for anomalies that occur in a satellite's electronics such as bit-flips, trips in power supplies, and memory changes in attitude control systems. While SEUs are seemingly random and difficult to predict, we correlate their occurrences to space weather phenomena, and specifically show correlations between SEUs and solar proton events (SPEs). SPEs are highly energetic protons that originate from solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It is thought that when these particles impact geostationary (GEO) satellites they can cause SEUs as well as solar array degradation. We calculate the associated statistical correlations that each SEU occurs within one day, one week, two weeks, and one month of 10 MeV SPEs between 10 - 10,000 particle flux units (pfu). However, we find that SPEs are most prevalent at solar maximum and that the SEUs on Inmarsat's satellites occur out of phase with the solar maximum. Ultimately, this suggests that SPEs are not the primary cause of the Inmarsat SEUs. A better understanding of the causal relationship between SPEs and SEUs will help the satellite communications industry develop component and operational space weather mitigation techniques as well as help the space weather community to refine radiation models.

  10. Timing and tempo of the Great Oxidation Event

    PubMed Central

    Chamberlain, Kevin R.; Bleeker, Wouter; Söderlund, Ulf; de Kock, Michiel O.; Larsson, Emilie R.; Bekker, Andrey

    2017-01-01

    The first significant buildup in atmospheric oxygen, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), began in the early Paleoproterozoic in association with global glaciations and continued until the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion ca. 2,060 Ma. The exact timing of and relationships among these events are debated because of poor age constraints and contradictory stratigraphic correlations. Here, we show that the first Paleoproterozoic global glaciation and the onset of the GOE occurred between ca. 2,460 and 2,426 Ma, ∼100 My earlier than previously estimated, based on an age of 2,426 ± 3 Ma for Ongeluk Formation magmatism from the Kaapvaal Craton of southern Africa. This age helps define a key paleomagnetic pole that positions the Kaapvaal Craton at equatorial latitudes of 11° ± 6° at this time. Furthermore, the rise of atmospheric oxygen was not monotonic, but was instead characterized by oscillations, which together with climatic instabilities may have continued over the next ∼200 My until ≤2,250–2,240 Ma. Ongeluk Formation volcanism at ca. 2,426 Ma was part of a large igneous province (LIP) and represents a waning stage in the emplacement of several temporally discrete LIPs across a large low-latitude continental landmass. These LIPs played critical, albeit complex, roles in the rise of oxygen and in both initiating and terminating global glaciations. This series of events invites comparison with the Neoproterozoic oxygen increase and Sturtian Snowball Earth glaciation, which accompanied emplacement of LIPs across supercontinent Rodinia, also positioned at low latitude. PMID:28167763

  11. Normal Fault Type Earthquakes Off Fukushima Region - Comparison of the 1938 Events and Recent Earthquakes -

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murotani, S.; Satake, K.

    2017-12-01

    Off Fukushima region, Mjma 7.4 (event A) and 6.9 (event B) events occurred on November 6, 1938, following the thrust fault type earthquakes of Mjma 7.5 and 7.3 on the previous day. These earthquakes were estimated as normal fault earthquakes by Abe (1977, Tectonophysics). An Mjma 7.0 earthquake occurred on July 12, 2014 near event B and an Mjma 7.4 earthquake occurred on November 22, 2016 near event A. These recent events are the only M 7 class earthquakes occurred off Fukushima since 1938. Except for the two 1938 events, normal fault earthquakes have not occurred until many aftershocks of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We compared the observed tsunami and seismic waveforms of the 1938, 2014, and 2016 earthquakes to examine the normal fault earthquakes occurred off Fukushima region. It is difficult to compare the tsunami waveforms of the 1938, 2014 and 2016 events because there were only a few observations at the same station. The teleseismic body wave inversion of the 2016 earthquake yielded with the focal mechanism of strike 42°, dip 35°, and rake -94°. Other source parameters were as follows: source area 70 km x 40 km, average slip 0.2 m, maximum slip 1.2 m, seismic moment 2.2 x 1019 Nm, and Mw 6.8. A large slip area is located near the hypocenter, and it is compatible with the tsunami source area estimated from tsunami travel times. The 2016 tsunami source area is smaller than that of the 1938 event, consistent with the difference in Mw: 7.7 for event A estimated by Abe (1977) and 6.8 for the 2016 event. Although the 2014 epicenter is very close to that of event B, the teleseismic waveforms of the 2014 event are similar to those of event A and the 2016 event. While Abe (1977) assumed that the mechanism of event B was the same as event A, the initial motions at some stations are opposite, indicating that the focal mechanisms of events A and B are different and more detailed examination is needed. The normal fault type earthquake seems to occur following the

  12. Suicidal events in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS).

    PubMed

    Vitiello, Benedetto; Silva, Susan G; Rohde, Paul; Kratochvil, Christopher J; Kennard, Betsy D; Reinecke, Mark A; Mayes, Taryn L; Posner, Kelly; May, Diane E; March, John S

    2009-04-21

    The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) database was analyzed to determine whether suicidal events (attempts and ideation) occurred early in treatment, could be predicted by severity of depression or other clinical characteristics, and were preceded by clinical deterioration or symptoms of increased irritability, akathisia, sleep disruption, or mania. TADS was a 36-week randomized, controlled clinical trial of pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments involving 439 youths with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Suicidal events were defined according to the Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicidal Assessment. Patients were randomly assigned into the study between spring 2000 and summer 2003. Forty-four patients (10.0%) had at least 1 suicidal event (no suicide occurred). Events occurred 0.4 to 31.1 weeks (mean +/- SD = 11.9 +/- 8.2) after starting TADS treatment, with no difference in event timing for patients receiving medication versus those not receiving medication. Severity of self-rated pretreatment suicidal ideation (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire adapted for adolescents score > or = 31) and depressive symptoms (Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale score > or = 91) predicted occurrence of suicidal events during treatment (P < .05). Patients with suicidal events were on average still moderately ill prior to the event (mean +/- SD Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale score = 4.0 +/- 1.3) and only minimally improved (mean +/- SD Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale score = 3.2 +/- 1.1). Events were not preceded by increased irritability, akathisia, sleep disturbance, or manic signs. Specific interpersonal stressors were identified in 73% of cases (N = 44). Of the events, 55% (N = 24) resulted in overnight hospitalization. Most suicidal events occurred in the context of persistent depression and insufficient improvement without evidence of medication-induced behavioral activation as a precursor

  13. Discrepant Events: A Challenge to Students' Intuition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    González-Espada, Wilson J.; Birriel, Jennifer; Birriel, Ignacio

    2010-11-01

    Studies on cognitive aspects of science education, especially how students achieve conceptual change, have been a focus of interest for many years. Researchers of student learning and conceptual change have developed several easily applicable teaching strategies. One of these strategies is known as discrepant events. Discrepant events are very powerful ways to stimulate interest, motivate students to challenge their covert science misconceptions, and promote higher-order thinking skills. The key point is that directly challenging students' naive ideas will lead to more quality science learning going on in the classroom. In this paper, we summarize the research-based role of discrepant events in conceptual change and we share several highly successful discrepant events we use in our own classes.

  14. Developing future precipitation events from historic events: An Amsterdam case study.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Manola, Iris; van den Hurk, Bart; de Moel, Hans; Aerts, Jeroen

    2016-04-01

    Due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is expected to increase. It is therefore of high importance to develop climate change scenarios tailored towards the local and regional needs of policy makers in order to develop efficient adaptation strategies to reduce the risks from extreme weather events. Current approaches to tailor climate scenarios are often not well adopted in hazard management, since average changes in climate are not a main concern to policy makers, and tailoring climate scenarios to simulate future extremes can be complex. Therefore, a new concept has been introduced recently that uses known historic extreme events as a basis, and modifies the observed data for these events so that the outcome shows how the same event would occur in a warmer climate. This concept is introduced as 'Future Weather', and appeals to the experience of stakeholders and users. This research presents a novel method of projecting a future extreme precipitation event, based on a historic event. The selected precipitation event took place over the broader area of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in the summer of 2014, which resulted in blocked highways, disruption of air transportation, flooded buildings and public facilities. An analysis of rain monitoring stations showed that an event of such intensity has a 5 to 15 years return period. The method of projecting a future event follows a non-linear delta transformation that is applied directly on the observed event assuming a warmer climate to produce an "up-scaled" future precipitation event. The delta transformation is based on the observed behaviour of the precipitation intensity as a function of the dew point temperature during summers. The outcome is then compared to a benchmark method using the HARMONIE numerical weather prediction model, where the boundary conditions of the event from the Ensemble Prediction System of ECMWF (ENS) are perturbed to indicate a warmer climate. The two

  15. A model of human event detection in multiple process monitoring situations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Greenstein, J. S.; Rouse, W. B.

    1978-01-01

    It is proposed that human decision making in many multi-task situations might be modeled in terms of the manner in which the human detects events related to his tasks and the manner in which he allocates his attention among his tasks once he feels events have occurred. A model of human event detection performance in such a situation is presented. An assumption of the model is that, in attempting to detect events, the human generates the probability that events have occurred. Discriminant analysis is used to model the human's generation of these probabilities. An experimental study of human event detection performance in a multiple process monitoring situation is described and the application of the event detection model to this situation is addressed. The experimental study employed a situation in which subjects simulataneously monitored several dynamic processes for the occurrence of events and made yes/no decisions on the presence of events in each process. Input to the event detection model of the information displayed to the experimental subjects allows comparison of the model's performance with the performance of the subjects.

  16. Were all extinction events caused by impacts?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sheehan, P. M.; Coorough, P. J.

    1994-01-01

    Extraterrestrial impacts are firmly implicated in several of the five major Phanerozoic extinction events. A critical issue now is whether extraterrestrial events have been the only mechanism that produced physical changes of sufficient magnitude to cause major extinction events. While we believe the evidence is overwhelming that the KT extinction event was caused by an impact, we also find that an event of similar or larger size near the end of the Ordovician is best explained by terrestrial causes. The Ordovician extinction event (End-O extinction event) occurred near the end of the Ordovician, but the interval of extinction was completed prior to the newly established Ordovician-Silurian boundary. In spite of extensive field studies, a convincing signature of an associated impact has not been found. However, a prominent glaciation does coincide with the End-O extinction event.

  17. Were all extinction events caused by impacts?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sheehan, P. M.; Coorough, P. J.

    Extraterrestrial impacts are firmly implicated in several of the five major Phanerozoic extinction events. A critical issue now is whether extraterrestrial events have been the only mechanism that produced physical changes of sufficient magnitude to cause major extinction events. While we believe the evidence is overwhelming that the KT extinction event was caused by an impact, we also find that an event of similar or larger size near the end of the Ordovician is best explained by terrestrial causes. The Ordovician extinction event (End-O extinction event) occurred near the end of the Ordovician, but the interval of extinction was completed prior to the newly established Ordovician-Silurian boundary. In spite of extensive field studies, a convincing signature of an associated impact has not been found. However, a prominent glaciation does coincide with the End-O extinction event.

  18. The role of extreme events in evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Combes, Claude

    2008-09-01

    Evolutionists have often had a marked tendency to think that, in the course of time, planetary events were not very different from those occurring during a human life. However, when a 'non-human' timescale is used, the history of our planet appears profoundly and frequently disturbed by extreme events. These events, even not always instantaneous, impose - because of their amplitude - a severe sorting, not between individuals of a species, but between species, or even between phyla. In the face of an extreme event, intraspecific diversity counts little: it is the interspecific diversity that makes the difference. As shown by mass extinctions, extreme events open ecological niches and redistribute the cards of life, giving survivors opportunities to radiate. The capacity to cope with extreme ecological conditions favours certain species in ecosystems, not certain individuals in populations. This is not a macroevolutionary process in terms of acquiring new adaptations, but a macroevolutionary process in terms of sorting entire sections of life. The most important is perhaps that the current 'mediatisation' of a limited number of mass extinctions dissimulates less important extinctions caused by less extreme and more localized events that were possibly responsible for many changes in the composition and structure of communities throughout the evolution. The term of 'pre-adaptation' has been neglected, because it gives an impression of finalism, but it expresses well that, when an unexpected event occurs, a particular species has or has not the 'right genes' to continue to sustain viable populations. The role of extreme events in modifying the course of evolution should not be underestimated.

  19. Alternative source models of very low frequency events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gomberg, J.; Agnew, D. C.; Schwartz, S. Y.

    2016-09-01

    We present alternative source models for very low frequency (VLF) events, previously inferred to be radiation from individual slow earthquakes that partly fill the period range between slow slip events lasting thousands of seconds and low-frequency earthquakes (LFE) with durations of tenths of a second. We show that VLF events may emerge from bandpass filtering a sum of clustered, shorter duration, LFE signals, believed to be the components of tectonic tremor. Most published studies show VLF events occurring concurrently with tremor bursts and LFE signals. Our analysis of continuous data from Costa Rica detected VLF events only when tremor was also occurring, which was only 7% of the total time examined. Using analytic and synthetic models, we show that a cluster of LFE signals produces the distinguishing characteristics of VLF events, which may be determined by the cluster envelope. The envelope may be diagnostic of a single, dynamic, slowly slipping event that propagates coherently over kilometers or represents a narrowly band-passed version of nearly simultaneous arrivals of radiation from slip on multiple higher stress drop and/or faster propagating slip patches with dimensions of tens of meters (i.e., LFE sources). Temporally clustered LFE sources may be triggered by single or multiple distinct aseismic slip events or represent the nearly simultaneous chance occurrence of background LFEs. Given the nonuniqueness in possible source durations, we suggest it is premature to draw conclusions about VLF event sources or how they scale.

  20. Alternative source models of very low frequency events

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gomberg, Joan S.; Agnew, D.C.; Schwartz, S.Y.

    2016-01-01

    We present alternative source models for very low frequency (VLF) events, previously inferred to be radiation from individual slow earthquakes that partly fill the period range between slow slip events lasting thousands of seconds and low-frequency earthquakes (LFE) with durations of tenths of a second. We show that VLF events may emerge from bandpass filtering a sum of clustered, shorter duration, LFE signals, believed to be the components of tectonic tremor. Most published studies show VLF events occurring concurrently with tremor bursts and LFE signals. Our analysis of continuous data from Costa Rica detected VLF events only when tremor was also occurring, which was only 7% of the total time examined. Using analytic and synthetic models, we show that a cluster of LFE signals produces the distinguishing characteristics of VLF events, which may be determined by the cluster envelope. The envelope may be diagnostic of a single, dynamic, slowly slipping event that propagates coherently over kilometers or represents a narrowly band-passed version of nearly simultaneous arrivals of radiation from slip on multiple higher stress drop and/or faster propagating slip patches with dimensions of tens of meters (i.e., LFE sources). Temporally clustered LFE sources may be triggered by single or multiple distinct aseismic slip events or represent the nearly simultaneous chance occurrence of background LFEs. Given the nonuniqueness in possible source durations, we suggest it is premature to draw conclusions about VLF event sources or how they scale.

  1. Impact of a Single Unusually Large Rainfall Event on the Level of Risk Used for Infrastructure Design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dhakal, N.; Jain, S.

    2013-12-01

    Rare and unusually large events (such as hurricanes and floods) can create unusual and interesting trends in statistics. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is usually used to statistically describe extreme rainfall events. A number of the recent studies have shown that the frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased over the last century and as a result, there has been change in parameters of GEV distribution with the time (non-stationary). But what impact does a single unusually large rainfall event (e.g., hurricane Irene) have on the GEV parameters and consequently on the level of risks or the return periods used in designing the civil infrastructures? In other words, if such a large event occurs today, how will it influence the level of risks (estimated based on past rainfall records) for the civil infrastructures? To answer these questions, we performed sensitivity analysis of the distribution parameters of GEV as well as the return periods to unusually large outlier events. The long-term precipitation records over the period of 1981-2010 from 12 USHCN stations across the state of Maine were used for analysis. For most of the stations, addition of each outlier event caused an increase in the shape parameter with a huge decrease on the corresponding return period. This is a key consideration for time-varying engineering design. These isolated extreme weather events should simultaneously be considered with traditional statistical methodology related to extreme events while designing civil infrastructures (such as dams, bridges, and culverts). Such analysis is also useful in understanding the statistical uncertainty of projecting extreme events into future.

  2. The fate of the duplicated androgen receptor in fishes: a late neofunctionalization event?

    PubMed Central

    2008-01-01

    Background Based on the observation of an increased number of paralogous genes in teleost fishes compared with other vertebrates and on the conserved synteny between duplicated copies, it has been shown that a whole genome duplication (WGD) occurred during the evolution of Actinopterygian fish. Comparative phylogenetic dating of this duplication event suggests that it occurred early on, specifically in teleosts. It has been proposed that this event might have facilitated the evolutionary radiation and the phenotypic diversification of the teleost fish, notably by allowing the sub- or neo-functionalization of many duplicated genes. Results In this paper, we studied in a wide range of Actinopterygians the duplication and fate of the androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4), a nuclear receptor known to play a key role in sex-determination in vertebrates. The pattern of AR gene duplication is consistent with an early WGD event: it has been duplicated into two genes AR-A and AR-B after the split of the Acipenseriformes from the lineage leading to teleost fish but before the divergence of Osteoglossiformes. Genomic and syntenic analyses in addition to lack of PCR amplification show that one of the duplicated copies, AR-B, was lost in several basal Clupeocephala such as Cypriniformes (including the model species zebrafish), Siluriformes, Characiformes and Salmoniformes. Interestingly, we also found that, in basal teleost fish (Osteoglossiformes and Anguilliformes), the two copies remain very similar, whereas, specifically in Percomorphs, one of the copies, AR-B, has accumulated substitutions in both the ligand binding domain (LBD) and the DNA binding domain (DBD). Conclusion The comparison of the mutations present in these divergent AR-B with those known in human to be implicated in complete, partial or mild androgen insensitivity syndrome suggests that the existence of two distinct AR duplicates may be correlated to specific functional differences that may be connected to the well

  3. Recovery of the coral Montastrea annularis in the Florida Keys after the 1987 Caribbean ``bleaching event''

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fitt, William K.; Spero, Howard J.; Halas, John; White, Michael W.; Porter, James W.

    1993-07-01

    Many reef-building corals and other cnidarians lost photosynthetic pigments and symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) during the coral bleaching event in the Caribbean in 1987. The Florida Reef Tract included some of the first documented cases, with widespread bleaching of the massive coral Montastrea annularis beginning in late August. Phototransects at Carysfort Reef showed discoloration of >90% of colonies of this species in March 1988 compared to 0% in July 1986; however no mortality was observed between 1986 and 1988. Samples of corals collected in February and June 1988 had zooxanthellae densities ranging from 0.1 in the most lightly colored corals, to 1.6x106 cells/cm2 in the darker corals. Minimum densities increased to 0.5x106 cells/cm2 by August 1989. Chlorophyll- a content of zooxanthellae and zooxanthellar mitotic indices were significantly higher in corals with lower densities of zooxanthellae, suggesting that zooxanthellar at low densities may be more nutrientsufficient than those in unbleached corals. Ash-free dry weight of coral tissue was positively correlated with zooxanthellae density at all sample times and was significantly lower in June 1988 compared to August 1989. Proteins and lipids per cm2 were significantly higher in August 1989 than in February or June, 1988. Although recovery of zooxanthellae density and coral pigmentation to normal levels may occur in less than one year, regrowth of tissue biomass and energy stores lost during the period of low symbiont densities may take significantly longer.

  4. New Tertiary stratigraphy for the Florida Keys and southern peninsula of Florida

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cunningham, K.J.; McNeill, D.F.; Guertin, L.A.; Ciesielski, P.F.; Scott, T.M.; De Verteuil, L.

    1998-01-01

    Seven lithologic formations, ranging in age from Oligocene to Pleistocene, were recently penetrated by core holes in southernmost Florida. From bottom to top, they are the early Oligocene Suwannee Limestone; late-early Oligocene-to-Miocene Arcadia Formation, basal Hawthorn Group; late Miocene Peace River Formation, upper Hawthorn Group; newly proposed late Miocene-to-Pliocene Long Key and Stock Island Formations; and Pleistocene Key Largo and Miami Limestones. The rocks of the Suwannee Limestone form a third-order sequence. Although the entire thickness was not penetrated, 96 m of Suwannee core from one well contains at least 50 vertically stacked, exposure-capped limestone cycles, presumably related to rapid eustatic fluctuations while experiencing tropical to subtropical conditions. The Arcadia Formation is a composite sequence containing four high-frequency sequences composed of multiple vertically stacked carbonate cycles. Most cycles do not show evidence of subaerial exposure and were deposited under more temperate conditions, relative to the Suwannee Limestone. The Arcadia Formation in southernmost Florida is bounded by regional unconformities representing third-order sequence boundaries. Post-Arcadia transgression produced a major backstepping of sediment accumulation above the upper sequence boundary of the Arcadia Formation. The Peace River Formation, composed of diatomaceous mudstones, has been identified only beneath the Florida peninsula and is not present beneath the Florida Keys. Deposition occurred during marine transgressive to high-stand conditions and a local phosphatization event (recorded in northeast Florida). The transgression is possibly related to a global rise in sea level, which resulted in upwelling of relatively cooler, relatively nutrient-rich water masses onto the Florida Platform. It is proposed that the absence of Peace River sediments beneath the Keys is due to sediment bypass of the upper surface of the Arcadia, a result of

  5. Tracking a Severe Pollution Event in Beijing in December 2016 with the GRAPES-CUACE Adjoint Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Chao; An, Xingqin; Zhai, Shixian; Sun, Zhaobin

    2018-02-01

    We traced the adjoint sensitivity of a severe pollution event in December 2016 in Beijing using the adjoint model of the GRAPES-CUACE (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System coupled with the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environmental Forecasting System). The key emission sources and periods affecting this severe pollution event are analyzed. For comaprison, we define 2000 Beijing Time 3 December 2016 as the objective time when PM2.5 reached the maximum concentration in Beijing. It is found that the local hourly sensitivity coefficient amounts to a peak of 9.31 μg m-3 just 1 h before the objective time, suggesting that PM2.5 concentration responds rapidly to local emissions. The accumulated sensitivity coefficient in Beijing is large during the 20-h period prior to the objective time, showing that local emissions are the most important in this period. The accumulated contribution rates of emissions from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Shanxi are 34.2%, 3.0%, 49.4%, and 13.4%, respectively, in the 72-h period before the objective time. The evolution of hourly sensitivity coefficient shows that the main contribution from the Tianjin source occurs 1-26 h before the objective time and its peak hourly contribution is 0.59 μg m-3 at 4 h before the objective time. The main contributions of the Hebei and Shanxi emission sources occur 1-54 and 14-53 h, respectively, before the objective time and their hourly sensitivity coefficients both show periodic fluctuations. The Hebei source shows three sensitivity coefficient peaks of 3.45, 4.27, and 0.71 μg m-3 at 4, 16, and 38 h before the objective time, respectively. The sensitivity coefficient of the Shanxi source peaks twice, with values of 1.41 and 0.64 μg m-3 at 24 and 45 h before the objective time, respectively. Overall, the adjoint model is effective in tracking the crucial sources and key periods of emissions for the severe pollution event.

  6. Global Seismic Event Detection Using Surface Waves: 15 Possible Antarctic Glacial Sliding Events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, X.; Shearer, P. M.; Walker, K. T.; Fricker, H. A.

    2008-12-01

    To identify overlooked or anomalous seismic events not listed in standard catalogs, we have developed an algorithm to detect and locate global seismic events using intermediate-period (35-70s) surface waves. We apply our method to continuous vertical-component seismograms from the global seismic networks as archived in the IRIS UV FARM database from 1997 to 2007. We first bandpass filter the seismograms, apply automatic gain control, and compute envelope functions. We then examine 1654 target event locations defined at 5 degree intervals and stack the seismogram envelopes along the predicted Rayleigh-wave travel times. The resulting function has spatial and temporal peaks that indicate possible seismic events. We visually check these peaks using a graphical user interface to eliminate artifacts and assign an overall reliability grade (A, B or C) to the new events. We detect 78% of events in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog. However, we also find 840 new events not listed in the PDE, ISC and REB catalogs. Many of these new events were previously identified by Ekstrom (2006) using a different Rayleigh-wave detection scheme. Most of these new events are located along oceanic ridges and transform faults. Some new events can be associated with volcanic eruptions such as the 2000 Miyakejima sequence near Japan and others with apparent glacial sliding events in Greenland (Ekstrom et al., 2003). We focus our attention on 15 events detected from near the Antarctic coastline and relocate them using a cross-correlation approach. The events occur in 3 groups which are well-separated from areas of cataloged earthquake activity. We speculate that these are iceberg calving and/or glacial sliding events, and hope to test this by inverting for their source mechanisms and examining remote sensing data from their source regions.

  7. Automatic optimism: the affective basis of judgments about the likelihood of future events.

    PubMed

    Lench, Heather C

    2009-05-01

    People generally judge that the future will be consistent with their desires, but the reason for this desirability bias is unclear. This investigation examined whether affective reactions associated with future events are the mechanism through which desires influence likelihood judgments. In 4 studies, affective reactions were manipulated for initially neutral events. Compared with a neutral condition, events associated with positive reactions were judged as likely to occur, and events associated with negative reactions were judged as unlikely to occur. Desirability biases were reduced when participants could misattribute affective reactions to a source other than future events, and the relationship between affective reactions and judgments was influenced when approach and avoidance motivations were independently manipulated. Together, these findings demonstrate that positive and negative affective reactions to potential events cause the desirability bias in likelihood judgments and suggest that this effect occurs because of a tendency to approach positive possibilities and avoid negative possibilities. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

  8. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  9. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  10. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  11. 10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

  12. Key Largo Limestone revisited: Pleistocene shelf-edge facies, Florida Keys, USA

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gray, Multer H.; Gischler, E.; Lundberg, J.; Simmons, K.R.; Shinn, E.A.

    2002-01-01

    New dates and analysis of 12 deep and 57 shallow cores allow a more detailed interpretation of the Pleistocene shelf edge of the Florida Platform as found in various facies of the Key Largo Limestone beneath the Florida Keys. In this study a three-phase evolution of the Quaternary units (Q1-Q5) of the Key Largo is presented with new subdivision of the Q5. (1) In the first phase, the Q1 and Q2 (perhaps deposited during oxygen-isotope stage 11) deep-water quartz-rich environment evolved into a shallow carbonate phase. (2) Subsequently, a Q3 (presumably corresponding to oxygen-isotope stage 9) flourishing reef and productive high-platform sediment phase developed. (3) Finally, a Q4 and Q5 (corresponding to oxygen-isotope stages 7 and 5) stabilization phase occured with reefs and leeward productive lagoons, followed by lower sea levels presenting a sequence of younger (isotope substages 5c, 5a) shelf-margin wedges, sediment veneers and outlier reefs. The Key Largo Limestone provides an accessible model of a carbonate shelf edge with fluctuating water depth, bordering a deep seaward basin for a period of at least 300 ka. During this time, at least four onlaps/offlaps, often separated by periods of karst development with associated diagenetic alterations, took place. The story presented by this limestone not only allows a better understanding of the history of south Florida but also aids in the interpretation of similar persistent shelf-edge sites bordering deep basins in other areas.

  13. Temporal integration: intentional sound discrimination does not modulate stimulus-driven processes in auditory event synthesis.

    PubMed

    Sussman, Elyse; Winkler, István; Kreuzer, Judith; Saher, Marieke; Näätänen, Risto; Ritter, Walter

    2002-12-01

    Our previous study showed that the auditory context could influence whether two successive acoustic changes occurring within the temporal integration window (approximately 200ms) were pre-attentively encoded as a single auditory event or as two discrete events (Cogn Brain Res 12 (2001) 431). The aim of the current study was to assess whether top-down processes could influence the stimulus-driven processes in determining what constitutes an auditory event. Electroencepholagram (EEG) was recorded from 11 scalp electrodes to frequently occurring standard and infrequently occurring deviant sounds. Within the stimulus blocks, deviants either occurred only in pairs (successive feature changes) or both singly and in pairs. Event-related potential indices of change and target detection, the mismatch negativity (MMN) and the N2b component, respectively, were compared with the simultaneously measured performance in discriminating the deviants. Even though subjects could voluntarily distinguish the two successive auditory feature changes from each other, which was also indicated by the elicitation of the N2b target-detection response, top-down processes did not modify the event organization reflected by the MMN response. Top-down processes can extract elemental auditory information from a single integrated acoustic event, but the extraction occurs at a later processing stage than the one whose outcome is indexed by MMN. Initial processes of auditory event-formation are fully governed by the context within which the sounds occur. Perception of the deviants as two separate sound events (the top-down effects) did not change the initial neural representation of the same deviants as one event (indexed by the MMN), without a corresponding change in the stimulus-driven sound organization.

  14. Envisioning the times of future events: The role of personal goals.

    PubMed

    Ben Malek, Hédi; Berna, Fabrice; D'Argembeau, Arnaud

    2018-05-25

    Episodic future thinking refers to the human capacity to imagine or simulate events that might occur in one's personal future. Previous studies have shown that personal goals guide the construction and organization of episodic future thoughts, and here we sought to investigate the role of personal goals in the process of locating imagined events in time. Using a think-aloud protocol, we found that dates were directly accessed more frequently for goal-related than goal-unrelated future events, and the goal-relevance of events was a significant predictor of direct access to temporal information on a trial-by-trial basis. Furthermore, when an event was not directly dated, references to anticipated lifetime periods were more frequently used as a strategy to determine when a goal-related event might occur. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanisms by which personal goals contribute to the location of imagined events in future times. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Root Cause Analysis: Learning from Adverse Safety Events.

    PubMed

    Brook, Olga R; Kruskal, Jonathan B; Eisenberg, Ronald L; Larson, David B

    2015-10-01

    Serious adverse events continue to occur in clinical practice, despite our best preventive efforts. It is essential that radiologists, both as individuals and as a part of organizations, learn from such events and make appropriate changes to decrease the likelihood that such events will recur. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a process to (a) identify factors that underlie variation in performance or that predispose an event toward undesired outcomes and (b) allow for development of effective strategies to decrease the likelihood of similar adverse events occurring in the future. An RCA process should be performed within the environment of a culture of safety, focusing on underlying system contributors and, in a confidential manner, taking into account the emotional effects on the staff involved. The Joint Commission now requires that a credible RCA be performed within 45 days for all sentinel or major adverse events, emphasizing the need for all radiologists to understand the processes with which an effective RCA can be performed. Several RCA-related tools that have been found to be useful in the radiology setting include the "five whys" approach to determine causation; cause-and-effect, or Ishikawa, diagrams; causal tree mapping; affinity diagrams; and Pareto charts. © RSNA, 2015.

  16. The December 2015 North Pole Warming Event and the Increasing Occurrence of Such Events

    PubMed Central

    Moore, G. W. K.

    2016-01-01

    In late December 2015, widespread media interest revolved around forecasts that the surface air temperature at the North Pole would rise above freezing. Although there has been significant interest in the enhanced warming that is occurring at high northern latitudes, a process known as arctic amplification, remarkably little is known about these midwinter warming events at the pole including their frequency, duration and magnitude as well as the environmental conditions responsible for their occurrence. Here we use buoy and radiosonde data along with operational weather forecasts and atmospheric reanalyses to show that such events are associated with surface cyclones near the pole as well as a highly perturbed polar vortex. They occur once or twice each decade with the earliest identified event taking place in 1959. In addition, the warmest midwinter temperatures at the North Pole have been increasing at a rate that is twice as large as that for mean midwinter temperatures at the pole. It is argued that this enhanced trend is consistent with the loss of winter sea ice from the Nordic Seas that moves the reservoir of warm air over this region northwards making it easier for weather systems to transport this heat polewards. PMID:27976745

  17. Association between respiratory events and nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux events in patients with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

    PubMed

    Jaimchariyatam, Nattapong; Tantipornsinchai, Warangkana; Desudchit, Tayard; Gonlachanvit, Sutep

    2016-06-01

    Literature has addressed the increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Significant improvement of GERD has been found after OSA treatment. However, precise mechanisms underlying this correlation remain unclear. We examined the association between nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and sleep events in patients with coexisting OSA and GERD. A case-crossover study among 12 patients with coexisting moderate-severe OSA and GERD was conducted. Participants underwent simultaneous polysomnography and esophageal impedance and pH monitoring. GER subtypes (ie, acid reflux, non-acid reflux) were defined as outcomes. Respective control time points were selected in all eligible control periods. Each sleep event was assessed individually. Estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Patients were determined as moderate to severe OSA (respiratory disturbance index of 42.66 [±22.09]). There were a total of 50 GER episodes, 22 acid reflux and 28 non-acid reflux. Arousals and awakenings were significantly associated with subsequent GER events. The OR for GER following an arousal was 2.31 (95% CI 1.39-3.68; p < 0.001) and following an awakening was 3.71 (95% CI 1.81-7.63; p < 0.001). GER events were significantly less likely to occur after other respiratory events (OR 0.38 [95% CI 0.18-0.82]; p = 0.01). No sleep events followed GER events (p > 0.05). Both awakening and arousal appear to precipitate any subtype of GER events in patients with coexisting GERD and moderate to severe OSA. However, GER events were significantly less likely to occur after other respiratory events and did not appear to cause sleep-related events. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Unintentional drinking-water contamination events of unknown origin: surrogate for terrorism preparedness.

    PubMed

    Winston, Gary; Leventhal, Alex

    2008-01-01

    Drinking-water is a direct conduit to many human receptors. An intentional attack (e.g. terrorism) on drinking-water systems can shock and disrupt elements of national infrastructures. We report on an unintentional drinking-water contamination event that occurred in Tel Aviv, Israel in July, 2001. Initially of unknown origin, this event involved risk management strategies used by the Ministry of Health for abating a potential public health crisis as might be envisaged of water contamination due to terrorism. In an abrupt event of unknown origin, public health officials need to be responsible for the same level of preparedness and risk communication. This is emphasized by comparison of management strategies between the Tel Aviv event and one of dire consequences that occurred in Camelford, England in 1988. From the onset of the Tel Aviv incident, the public health strategy was to employ the precautionary principle by warning residents of the affected region to not drink tap water, even if boiled. This strategy was in contrast to an earlier crisis that occurred in Camelford, England in 1988. An outcome of this event was heightened awareness that a water crisis can occur in peacetime and not only in association with terrorism. No matter how minor the contamination event or short-term the disruption of delivery of safe drinking-water, psychological, medical and public health impact could be significant.

  19. Summer climbing incidents occurring on Fujisan's north face from 1989 to 2008.

    PubMed

    Jones, Thomas E; Yamamoto, Kiyotatsu; Hayashi, Uichi; Jones, Nicholas R

    2014-12-01

    Few studies exist on climbing-related incidents at Fujisan, although it is Japan's highest peak at 3776 m, and attracts dense crowds of summer climbers. A retrospective review was thus conducted to analyze the types of incidents and the demographics of climbers involved. Police reports of summer climbing incidents occurring along the Yoshida trail on Fujisan's north face from 1989 to 2008 were reviewed. Variables assessed included climber age, sex, experience, gear, altitude of incident, and whether the incident occurred during ascent or descent, as well as the cause and severity of any associated injury. A total of 155 incident reports were assessed, including 28 deaths mostly attributable to cardiac events occurring among male climbers during ascent. The majority of nonfatal incidents occurred during descent and most involved tripping. More than half of all incidents were reported at the 8th step (approximately 3000 m). The frequent appearance of male climbers without experience or adequate footwear reflects Fujisan's summer demographics, yet the injury rate appears higher among older climbers more than 50 years of age. There were also 28 noninjury incidents attributed to acute mountain sickness or fatigue. This retrospective review describes the demographics of summer climbing incidents on Fujisan's north face. Additionally, limitations to the current method of incident reporting were identified. More comprehensive recordkeeping would increase understanding of injuries and illness, which could improve resource allocation and reduce the risk of fatalities from out-of-hospital cardiac events. Copyright © 2014 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Key Informant Interviews with Coordinators of Special Events Conducted to Increase Cancer Screening in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Escoffery, Cam; Rodgers, Kirsten; Kegler, Michelle C.; Haardörfer, Regine; Howard, David; Roland, Katherine B.; Wilson, Katherine M.; Castro, Georgina; Rodriguez, Juan

    2014-01-01

    Special events such as health fairs, cultural festivals and charity runs are commonly employed in the community to increase cancer screening; however, little is known about their effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to assess the activities, screening outcomes, barriers and recommendations of special events to increase breast, cervical and…

  1. Creating Non-Believed Memories for Recent Autobiographical Events

    PubMed Central

    Clark, Andrew; Nash, Robert A.; Fincham, Gabrielle; Mazzoni, Giuliana

    2012-01-01

    A recent study showed that many people spontaneously report vivid memories of events that they do not believe to have occurred [1]. In the present experiment we tested for the first time whether, after powerful false memories have been created, debriefing might leave behind nonbelieved memories for the fake events. In Session 1 participants imitated simple actions, and in Session 2 they saw doctored video-recordings containing clips that falsely suggested they had performed additional (fake) actions. As in earlier studies, this procedure created powerful false memories. In Session 3, participants were debriefed and told that specific actions in the video were not truly performed. Beliefs and memories for all critical actions were tested before and after the debriefing. Results showed that debriefing undermined participants' beliefs in fake actions, but left behind residual memory-like content. These results indicate that debriefing can leave behind vivid false memories which are no longer believed, and thus we demonstrate for the first time that the memory of an event can be experimentally dissociated from the belief in the event's occurrence. These results also confirm that belief in and memory for an event can be independently-occurring constructs. PMID:22427927

  2. Timing Processes Are Correlated when Tasks Share a Salient Event

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zelaznik, Howard N.; Rosenbaum, David A.

    2010-01-01

    Event timing is manifested when participants make discrete movements such as repeatedly tapping a key. Emergent timing is manifested when participants make continuous movements such as repeatedly drawing a circle. Here we pursued the possibility that providing salient perceptual events to mark the completion of time intervals could allow circle…

  3. Automated Detection of Surgical Adverse Events from Retrospective Clinical Data

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hu, Zhen

    2017-01-01

    The Detection of surgical adverse events has become increasingly important with the growing demand for quality improvement and public health surveillance with surgery. Event reporting is one of the key steps in determining the impact of postoperative complications from a variety of perspectives and is an integral component of improving…

  4. History and Development of Coronal Mass Ejections as a Key Player in Solar Terrestrial Relationship

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gopalswamy, N.

    2016-01-01

    Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are relatively a recently discovered phenomenon in 1971, some 15 years into the Space Era. It took another two decades to realize that CMEs are the most important players in solar terrestrial relationship as the root cause of severe weather in Earths space environment. CMEs are now counted among the major natural hazards because they cause large solar energetic particle (SEP) events and major geomagnetic storms, both of which pose danger to humans and their technology in space and ground. Geomagnetic storms discovered in the 1700s, solar flares discovered in the 1800s, and SEP events discovered in the 1900s are all now found to be closely related to CMEs via various physical processes occurring at various locations in and around CMEs, when they interact with the ambient medium. This article identifies a number of key developments that preceded the discovery of white-light CMEs suggesting that CMEs were waiting to be discovered. The last two decades witnessed an explosion of CME research following the launch of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory mission in 1995, resulting in the establishment of a full picture of CMEs.

  5. Event detection in an assisted living environment.

    PubMed

    Stroiescu, Florin; Daly, Kieran; Kuris, Benjamin

    2011-01-01

    This paper presents the design of a wireless event detection and in building location awareness system. The systems architecture is based on using a body worn sensor to detect events such as falls where they occur in an assisted living environment. This process involves developing event detection algorithms and transmitting such events wirelessly to an in house network based on the 802.15.4 protocol. The network would then generate alerts both in the assisted living facility and remotely to an offsite monitoring facility. The focus of this paper is on the design of the system architecture and the compliance challenges in applying this technology.

  6. 78 FR 74048 - Eleventh Coast Guard District Annual Fireworks Events

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-10

    .... The first proposed safety zone is for the ``Big Bay Boom Fourth of July Fireworks'' event occurring one evening during the first week of July in San Diego Bay. This event requires four 1,000 foot radius... events. The first proposed safety zone is for the ``Colorado Belle & Edgewater Hotel/Casino Thanksgiving...

  7. A statistical study of CME-Preflare associated events

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mawad, Ramy; Youssef, M.

    2018-07-01

    We investigated the relationship of associated CME-Preflare during the solar period 1996-2010. We found 292 CME-Preflare associated events (∼2%). Those associated events have 0-1 h interval time, popular events occur within half an hour before flare starting time. Post-flares-CME associated events are wider than CME-Preflare associated events. CME-Preflare associated events are ejected from the northern hemisphere during the solar cycle 23rd, while the non-associated CMEs are ejected from the southern hemisphere. Polar CME-Preflare associated events are more energetic than the equatorial events. This means that post-flare-CME associated events are more decelerated than CME-Preflare associated events, CME-Flare associated simultaneously events and other CMEs. The CME-Preflare associated events are slower than the post-flare-CME associated events, and slightly faster than non-associated CME events. Post-flare-CME associated events are in average more massive than Preflare CME associated events and all other CMEs ejected from the Sun. CME-Preflare associated has a mean average speed which is equivalent to the mean average solar wind speed approximately.

  8. 78 FR 70901 - Safety Zone; Bone Island Triathlon, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Bone Island Triathlon, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... zone on the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in Key West, Florida, during the Bone Island Triathlon on... event. C. Discussion of Proposed Rule On January 25, 2014, Questor Multisport, LLC. is hosting the Bone...

  9. 77 FR 75853 - Safety Zone; Bone Island Triathlon, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bone Island Triathlon, Atlantic Ocean; Key West, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Atlantic Ocean in Key West, Florida, during the Bone Island Triathlon on Saturday, January 12, 2013. The..., Questor Multisport, LLC is hosting the Bone Island Triathlon. The event will be held on the waters of the...

  10. Climate Central World Weather Attribution (WWA) project: Real-time extreme weather event attribution analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haustein, Karsten; Otto, Friederike; Uhe, Peter; Allen, Myles; Cullen, Heidi

    2015-04-01

    Extreme weather detection and attribution analysis has emerged as a core theme in climate science over the last decade or so. By using a combination of observational data and climate models it is possible to identify the role of climate change in certain types of extreme weather events such as sea level rise and its contribution to storm surges, extreme heat events and droughts or heavy rainfall and flood events. These analyses are usually carried out after an extreme event has occurred when reanalysis and observational data become available. The Climate Central WWA project will exploit the increasing forecast skill of seasonal forecast prediction systems such as the UK MetOffice GloSea5 (Global seasonal forecasting system) ensemble forecasting method. This way, the current weather can be fed into climate models to simulate large ensembles of possible weather scenarios before an event has fully emerged yet. This effort runs along parallel and intersecting tracks of science and communications that involve research, message development and testing, staged socialization of attribution science with key audiences, and dissemination. The method we employ uses a very large ensemble of simulations of regional climate models to run two different analyses: one to represent the current climate as it was observed, and one to represent the same events in the world that might have been without human-induced climate change. For the weather "as observed" experiment, the atmospheric model uses observed sea surface temperature (SST) data from GloSea5 (currently) and present-day atmospheric gas concentrations to simulate weather events that are possible given the observed climate conditions. The weather in the "world that might have been" experiments is obtained by removing the anthropogenic forcing from the observed SSTs, thereby simulating a counterfactual world without human activity. The anthropogenic forcing is obtained by comparing the CMIP5 historical and natural simulations

  11. Recollection-dependent memory for event duration in large-scale spatial navigation

    PubMed Central

    Barense, Morgan D.

    2017-01-01

    Time and space represent two key aspects of episodic memories, forming the spatiotemporal context of events in a sequence. Little is known, however, about how temporal information, such as the duration and the order of particular events, are encoded into memory, and if it matters whether the memory representation is based on recollection or familiarity. To investigate this issue, we used a real world virtual reality navigation paradigm where periods of navigation were interspersed with pauses of different durations. Crucially, participants were able to reliably distinguish the durations of events that were subjectively “reexperienced” (i.e., recollected), but not of those that were familiar. This effect was not found in temporal order (ordinal) judgments. We also show that the active experience of the passage of time (holding down a key while waiting) moderately enhanced duration memory accuracy. Memory for event duration, therefore, appears to rely on the hippocampally supported ability to recollect or reexperience an event enabling the reinstatement of both its duration and its spatial context, to distinguish it from other events in a sequence. In contrast, ordinal memory appears to rely on familiarity and recollection to a similar extent. PMID:28202714

  12. Forecasting seizures in dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy.

    PubMed

    Howbert, J Jeffry; Patterson, Edward E; Stead, S Matt; Brinkmann, Ben; Vasoli, Vincent; Crepeau, Daniel; Vite, Charles H; Sturges, Beverly; Ruedebusch, Vanessa; Mavoori, Jaideep; Leyde, Kent; Sheffield, W Douglas; Litt, Brian; Worrell, Gregory A

    2014-01-01

    Seizure forecasting has the potential to create new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, such as providing patient warnings and delivering preemptive therapy. Progress on seizure forecasting, however, has been hindered by lack of sufficient data to rigorously evaluate the hypothesis that seizures are preceded by physiological changes, and are not simply random events. We investigated seizure forecasting in three dogs with naturally occurring focal epilepsy implanted with a device recording continuous intracranial EEG (iEEG). The iEEG spectral power in six frequency bands: delta (0.1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-30 Hz), low-gamma (30-70 Hz), and high-gamma (70-180 Hz), were used as features. Logistic regression classifiers were trained to discriminate labeled pre-ictal and inter-ictal data segments using combinations of the band spectral power features. Performance was assessed on separate test data sets via 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 125 spontaneous seizures were detected in continuous iEEG recordings spanning 6.5 to 15 months from 3 dogs. When considering all seizures, the seizure forecasting algorithm performed significantly better than a Poisson-model chance predictor constrained to have the same time in warning for all 3 dogs over a range of total warning times. Seizure clusters were observed in all 3 dogs, and when the effect of seizure clusters was decreased by considering the subset of seizures separated by at least 4 hours, the forecasting performance remained better than chance for a subset of algorithm parameters. These results demonstrate that seizures in canine epilepsy are not randomly occurring events, and highlight the feasibility of long-term seizure forecasting using iEEG monitoring.

  13. Issues in Researching Self-Regulated Learning as Patterns of Events

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Winne, Philip H.

    2014-01-01

    New methods for gathering and analyzing data about events that comprise self-regulated learning (SRL) support discoveries about patterns among events and tests of hypotheses about roles patterns play in learning. Five such methodologies are discussed in the context of four key questions that shape investigations into patterns in SRL. A framework…

  14. Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health. Chapter 4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bell, Jesse E.; Herring, Stephanie C.; Jantarasami, Lesley; Adrianopoli, Carl; Benedict, Kaitlin; Conlon, Kathryn; Escobar, Vanessa; Hess, Jeremy; Luvall, Jeffrey; Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez; hide

    2016-01-01

    Increased Exposure to Extreme Events Key Finding 1: Health impacts associated with climate-related changes in exposure to extreme events include death, injury, or illness; exacerbation of underlying medical conditions; and adverse effects on mental health[High Confidence]. Climate change will increase exposure risk in some regions of the United States due to projected increases in the frequency and/or intensity of drought, wildfires, and flooding related to extreme precipitation and hurricanes [Medium Confidence].Disruption of Essential Infrastructure Key Finding 2: Many types of extreme events related to climate change cause disruption of infrastructure, including power, water, transportation, and communication systems, that are essential to maintaining access to health care and emergency response services and safeguarding human health [High Confidence].Vulnerability to Coastal Flooding Key Finding 3: Coastal populations with greater vulnerability to health impacts from coastal flooding include persons with disabilities or other access and functional needs, certain populations of color, older adults, pregnant women and children, low-income populations, and some occupational groups [High Confidence].Climate change will increase exposure risk to coastal flooding due to increases in extreme precipitation and in hurricane intensity and rainfall rates, as well as sea level rise and the resulting increases in storm surge.

  15. Developing an event stratigraphy for Heinrich Event 4 at Eirik Drift, South of Greenland

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stanford, Jennifer; Abbott, Peter; Davies, Siwan

    2014-05-01

    Heinrich events are characterised in North Atlantic sediments by horizons with increased Ice Rafted Debris (IRD) concentrations, low foraminiferal abundances, and light planktonic foraminiferal calcite δ18O (meltwater dilution). They occurred quasi-periodically with a spacing of 5,000-14,000 yrs (Hemming, 2004). It is commonly believed that large iceberg/meltwater injections likely caused slowdowns of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, Stanford et al. (2011) showed, using a basin-wide reconstruction of Heinrich Event 1 (~19-15 ka BP), which was based upon marine and terrestrial records on carefully scrutinised age models, that the main iceberg discharge event occurred some ~1000 years after the initial AMOC slowdown. The study highlighted the importance of robust chronological constraints in order to permit the development of a process understanding of the evolution of such climate events, by evaluation of statistical uncertainty and robust quantification of leads and lags in the ocean-climate system. Here, we present initial results from a marine sediment core recovered from Eirik Drift, South of Greenland, that span the time period that encompasses Heinrich Event 4 (35-45 ka BP). Today, sediments on Eirik Drift are deposited and reworked by the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) and are also located beneath the pathway of the East Greenland and East Greenland Coastal Currents. Hence, Eirik Drift is a crucial monitoring site of surface and deep waters that exit the Arctic via the Denmark Strait. We here combine a proxy record for North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) flow intensity (κARM/κ) with co-registered records of surface water conditions and place these on a palaeomagnetic and tephrochronologic stratigraphic framework. Given that this chronological framework is independent of environmental influences, basin-wide signal comparison is therefore permissible. Hemming, S. R. (2004), Heinrich Events: Massive Late Pleistocene detritus

  16. Cardiovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

    PubMed Central

    Fernández-Nebro, Antonio; Rúa-Figueroa, Íñigo; López-Longo, Francisco J.; Galindo-Izquierdo, María; Calvo-Alén, Jaime; Olivé-Marqués, Alejandro; Ordóñez-Cañizares, Carmen; Martín-Martínez, María A.; Blanco, Ricardo; Melero-González, Rafael; Ibáñez-Rúan, Jesús; Bernal-Vidal, José Antonio; Tomero-Muriel, Eva; Uriarte-Isacelaya, Esther; Horcada-Rubio, Loreto; Freire-González, Mercedes; Narváez, Javier; Boteanu, Alina L.; Santos-Soler, Gregorio; Andreu, José L.; Pego-Reigosa, José M.

    2015-01-01

    Abstract This article estimates the frequency of cardiovascular (CV) events that occurred after diagnosis in a large Spanish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and investigates the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. RELESSER is a nationwide multicenter, hospital-based registry of SLE patients. This is a cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical variables, the presence of traditional risk factors, and CV events were collected. A CV event was defined as a myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and/or peripheral artery disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the possible risk factors for atherosclerosis. From 2011 to 2012, 3658 SLE patients were enrolled. Of these, 374 (10.9%) patients suffered at least a CV event. In 269 (7.4%) patients, the CV events occurred after SLE diagnosis (86.2% women, median [interquartile range] age 54.9 years [43.2–66.1], and SLE duration of 212.0 months [120.8–289.0]). Strokes (5.7%) were the most frequent CV event, followed by ischemic heart disease (3.8%) and peripheral artery disease (2.2%). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.03 [1.02–1.04]), hypertension (1.71 [1.20–2.44]), smoking (1.48 [1.06–2.07]), diabetes (2.2 [1.32–3.74]), dyslipidemia (2.18 [1.54–3.09]), neurolupus (2.42 [1.56–3.75]), valvulopathy (2.44 [1.34–4.26]), serositis (1.54 [1.09–2.18]), antiphospholipid antibodies (1.57 [1.13–2.17]), low complement (1.81 [1.12–2.93]), and azathioprine (1.47 [1.04–2.07]) as risk factors for CV events. We have confirmed that SLE patients suffer a high prevalence of premature CV disease. Both traditional and nontraditional risk factors contribute to this higher prevalence. Although it needs to be verified with future studies, our study also shows—for the first time—an association between diabetes and CV events in SLE patients. PMID:26200625

  17. Slow slip events in the early part of the earthquake cycle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voss, Nicholas K.; Malservisi, Rocco; Dixon, Timothy H.; Protti, Marino

    2017-08-01

    In February 2014 a Mw = 7.0 slow slip event (SSE) took place beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. This event occurred 17 months after the 5 September 2012, Mw = 7.6, earthquake and along the same subduction zone segment, during a period when significant postseismic deformation was ongoing. A second SSE occurred in the middle of 2015, 21 months after the 2014 SSE and 38 months after the earthquake. The recurrence interval for Nicoya SSEs was unchanged by the earthquake. However, the spatial distribution of slip for the 2014 event differed significantly from previous events, having only deep ( 40 km) slip, compared to previous events, which had both deep and shallow slip. The 2015 SSE marked a return to the combination of deep plus shallow slip of preearthquake SSEs. However, slip magnitude in 2015 was nearly twice as large (Mw = 7.2) as preearthquake SSEs. We employ Coulomb Failure Stress change modeling in order to explain these changes. Stress changes associated with the earthquake and afterslip were highest near the shallow portion of the megathrust, where preearthquake SSEs had significant slip. Lower stress change occurred on the deeper parts of the plate interface, perhaps explaining why the deep ( 40 km) region for SSEs remained unchanged. The large amount of shallow slip in the 2015 SSE may reflect lack of shallow slip in the prior SSE. These observations highlight the variability of aseismic strain release rates throughout the earthquake cycle.Plain Language SummaryWe analyzed small signals in continuous GPS time series. By averaging many GPS measurements over a day, we are able to get very precise measurements of the motion of the ground. We found two <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica where the GPS changed direction and began moving toward the oceanic trench in the opposite direction of subduction plate motion. These <span class="hlt">events</span> are called slow</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28727555','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28727555"><span>TiD-Introducing and Benchmarking an <span class="hlt">Event</span>-Delivery System for Brain-Computer Interfaces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Breitwieser, Christian; Tavella, Michele; Schreuder, Martijn; Cincotti, Febo; Leeb, Robert; Muller-Putz, Gernot R</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present and analyze an <span class="hlt">event</span> distribution system for brain-computer interfaces. <span class="hlt">Events</span> are commonly used to mark and describe incidents during an experiment and are therefore critical for later data analysis or immediate real-time processing. The presented approach, called Tools for brain-computer interaction interface D (TiD), delivers messages in XML format via a buslike system using transmission control protocol connections or shared memory. A dedicated server dispatches TiD messages to distributed or local clients. The TiD message is designed to be flexible and contains time stamps for <span class="hlt">event</span> synchronization, whereas <span class="hlt">events</span> describe incidents, which <span class="hlt">occur</span> during an experiment. TiD was tested extensively toward stability and latency. The effect of an <span class="hlt">occurring</span> <span class="hlt">event</span> jitter was analyzed and benchmarked on a reference implementation under different conditions as gigabit and 100-Mb Ethernet or Wi-Fi with a different number of <span class="hlt">event</span> receivers. A 3-dB signal attenuation, which <span class="hlt">occurs</span> when averaging jitter influenced trials aligned by <span class="hlt">events</span>, is starting to become visible at around 1-2 kHz in the case of a gigabit connection. Mean <span class="hlt">event</span> distribution times across operating systems are ranging from 0.3 to 0.5ms for a gigabit network connection for 10 6 <span class="hlt">events</span>. Results for other environmental conditions are available in this paper. References already using TiD for <span class="hlt">event</span> distribution are provided showing the applicability of TiD for <span class="hlt">event</span> delivery with distributed or local clients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAr49B2..191G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAr49B2..191G"><span>Research on Visual Analysis Methods of Terrorism <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Wenyue; Liu, Haiyan; Yu, Anzhu; Li, Jing</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Under the situation that terrorism <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> more and more frequency throughout the world, improving the response capability of social security incidents has become an important aspect to test governments govern ability. Visual analysis has become an important method of <span class="hlt">event</span> analysing for its advantage of intuitive and effective. To analyse <span class="hlt">events</span>' spatio-temporal distribution characteristics, correlations among <span class="hlt">event</span> items and the development trend, terrorism <span class="hlt">event</span>'s spatio-temporal characteristics are discussed. Suitable <span class="hlt">event</span> data table structure based on "5W" theory is designed. Then, six types of visual analysis are purposed, and how to use thematic map and statistical charts to realize visual analysis on terrorism <span class="hlt">events</span> is studied. Finally, experiments have been carried out by using the data provided by Global Terrorism Database, and the results of experiments proves the availability of the methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=children+AND+fantasy&id=EJ1051400','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=children+AND+fantasy&id=EJ1051400"><span>Preschoolers Can Infer General Rules Governing Fantastical <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Fiction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Van de Vondervoort, Julia W.; Friedman, Ori</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Young children are frequently exposed to fantastic fiction. How do they make sense of the unrealistic and impossible <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in such fiction? Although children could view such <span class="hlt">events</span> as isolated episodes, the present experiments suggest that children use such <span class="hlt">events</span> to infer general fantasy rules. In 2 experiments, 2-to 4-year-olds were…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=230835','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=230835"><span>Standardized Analytical Methods for Environmental Restoration Following Homeland Security <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Methodology was formulated for use in the <span class="hlt">event</span> of a terrorist attack using a variety of chemical, radioactive, biological, and toxic agents. Standardized analysis procedures were determined for use should these <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span>. This publication is annually updated....</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4885Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.4885Z"><span>Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> modeled in transient glacial simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ziemen, Florian; Kapsch, Marie; Mikolajewicz, Uwe</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> are among the most prominent <span class="hlt">events</span> of climate variability recorded in proxies across the northern hemisphere. They are the archetype of ice sheet — climate interactions on millennial time scales. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms that cause Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> are still under debate, and their climatic consequences are far from being fully understood. We address open questions by studying Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> in a coupled ice sheet model (ISM) atmosphere-ocean-vegetation general circulation model (AOVGCM) framework, where this variability <span class="hlt">occurs</span> as part of the model generated internal variability. The framework consists of a northern hemisphere setup of the modified Parallel Ice Sheet Model (mPISM) coupled to the global AOVGCM ECHAM5/MPIOM/LPJ. The simulations were performed fully coupled and with transient orbital and greenhouse gas forcing. They span from several millennia before the last glacial maximum into the deglaciation. To make these long simulations feasible, the atmosphere is accelerated by a factor of 10 relative to the other model components using a periodical-synchronous coupling technique. To disentangle effects of the Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> and the deglaciation, we focus on the <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> before the deglaciation. The modeled Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> show a peak ice discharge of about 0.05 Sv and raise the sea level by 2.3 m on average. The resulting surface water freshening reduces the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and ocean heat release. The reduction in ocean heat release causes a sub-surface warming and decreases the air temperature and precipitation regionally and downstream into Eurasia. The surface elevation decrease of the ice sheet enhances moisture transport onto the ice sheet and thus increases precipitation over the Hudson Bay area, thereby accelerating the recovery after an <span class="hlt">event</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3711556','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3711556"><span>Significant Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span> and Outcomes After Medical Abortion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cleland, Kelly; Creinin, Mitchell D.; Nucatola, Deborah; Nshom, Montsine; Trussell, James</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Objective To analyze rates of significant adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and outcomes in women having a medical abortion at Planned Parenthood health centers in 2009 and 2010, and to identify changes in the rates of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and outcomes between the 2 years. Methods In this database review we analyzed data from Planned Parenthood affiliates that provided medical abortion in 2009 and 2010, almost exclusively using an evidence-based buccal misoprostol regimen. We evaluated the incidence of six clinically significant adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> (hospital admission, blood transfusion, emergency room treatment, intravenous antibiotics administration, infection, and death) and two significant outcomes (ongoing pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy diagnosed after medical abortion treatment was initiated). We calculated an overall rate as well as rates for each <span class="hlt">event</span> and identified changes between the 2 years. Results Amongst 233,805 medical abortions provided in 2009 and 2010, significant adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> or outcomes were reported in 1,530 cases (0.65%). There was no statistically significant difference in overall rates between years. The most common significant outcome was ongoing intrauterine pregnancy (0.50%); significant adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 0.16% of cases. One patient death <span class="hlt">occurred</span> due to an undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. Only rates for emergency room treatment and blood transfusion differed by year, and were slightly higher in 2010. Conclusion Review of this large dataset reinforces the safety of the evidence-based medical abortion regimen. PMID:23262942</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title24-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title24-vol4-sec901-200.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title24-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title24-vol4-sec901-200.pdf"><span>24 CFR 901.200 - <span class="hlt">Events</span> or conditions that constitute substantial default.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC HOUSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM § 901.200 <span class="hlt">Events</span> or conditions that constitute substantial default. (a) The Department may determine that <span class="hlt">events</span> have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> or... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false <span class="hlt">Events</span> or conditions that...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26201023','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26201023"><span>Necroptosis is a <span class="hlt">key</span> pathogenic <span class="hlt">event</span> in human and experimental murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Afonso, Marta B; Rodrigues, Pedro M; Carvalho, Tânia; Caridade, Marta; Borralho, Paula; Cortez-Pinto, Helena; Castro, Rui E; Rodrigues, Cecília M P</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Hepatocyte cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress constitute <span class="hlt">key</span> pathogenic mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the role of necroptosis in human and experimental NAFLD and its association with tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and oxidative stress. Serum markers of necrosis, liver receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were evaluated in control individuals and patients with NAFLD. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or RIP3-deficient (RIP3(-/-)) mice were fed a high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD) or methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, with subsequent histological and biochemical analysis of hepatic damage. In primary murine hepatocytes, necroptosis and oxidative stress were also assessed after necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) treatment or RIP3 silencing. We show that circulating markers of necrosis and TNF-α, as well as liver RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation were increased in NAFLD. Likewise, RIP3 and MLKL protein levels and TNF-α expression were increased in the liver of HFCD and MCD diet-fed mice. Moreover, RIP3 and MLKL sequestration in the insoluble protein fraction of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) mice liver lysates represented an early <span class="hlt">event</span> during stetatohepatitis progression. Functional studies in primary murine hepatocytes established the association between TNF-α-induced RIP3 expression, activation of necroptosis and oxidative stress. Strikingly, RIP3 deficiency attenuated MCD diet-induced liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress. In conclusion, necroptosis is increased in the liver of NAFLD patients and in experimental models of NASH. Further, TNF-α triggers RIP3-dependent oxidative stress during hepatocyte necroptosis. As such, targeting necroptosis appears to arrest or at least impair NAFLD progression. © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPD..2643008B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPD..2643008B"><span>Do <span class="hlt">event</span> horizons exist?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baccetti, Valentina; Mann, Robert B.; Terno, Daniel R.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Event</span> horizons are the defining feature of classical black holes. They are the <span class="hlt">key</span> ingredient of the information loss paradox which, as paradoxes in quantum foundations, is built on a combination of predictions of quantum theory and counterfactual classical features: neither horizon formation nor its crossing by a test body can be detected by a distant observer. Furthermore, horizons are unnecessary for the production of Hawking-like radiation. We demonstrate that when this radiation is taken into account, it can prevent horizon crossing/formation in a large class of models. We conjecture that horizon avoidance is a general feature of collapse. The nonexistence of <span class="hlt">event</span> horizons dispels the paradox, but opens up important questions about thermodynamic properties of the resulting objects and correlations between different degrees of freedom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=simulation+AND+events+AND+discrete&id=EJ772186','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=simulation+AND+events+AND+discrete&id=EJ772186"><span>A Computational Model of <span class="hlt">Event</span> Segmentation from Perceptual Prediction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Reynolds, Jeremy R.; Zacks, Jeffrey M.; Braver, Todd S.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>People tend to perceive ongoing continuous activity as series of discrete <span class="hlt">events</span>. This partitioning of continuous activity may <span class="hlt">occur</span>, in part, because <span class="hlt">events</span> correspond to dynamic patterns that have recurred across different contexts. Recurring patterns may lead to reliable sequential dependencies in observers' experiences, which then can be used…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698572','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698572"><span>GuiaTree<span class="hlt">Key</span>, a multi-access electronic <span class="hlt">key</span> to identify tree genera in French Guiana.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Engel, Julien; Brousseau, Louise; Baraloto, Christopher</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic <span class="hlt">keys</span> to improve Amazonian tree identification. Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic <span class="hlt">key</span> for the identification of 389 tree genera <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines. The electronic <span class="hlt">key</span> is accessible with the free access software Xper ², and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.2682550).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8703R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.8703R"><span>Memory effect triggered by exceptional <span class="hlt">event</span>: the Rio Cordon study case</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rainato, Riccardo; Mao, Luca; Picco, Lorenzo; Garcia-Rama, Adriana; Aristide Lenzi, Mario</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>In the mountain environment, the steep channels play a <span class="hlt">key</span>-role in the drainage networks. Notably, the sediment transport processes that here <span class="hlt">occur</span>, can affect aspects as the geomorphic changes, channel evolution, reservoir management, infrastructure design and hazard assessment. Due to the complex and changeable hydraulic and morphological features that characterize the mountain environment, the steep channels can exhibit fluvial and/or debris-flow transport with magnitude of sediment delivery that, in the same basin, may strongly vary from <span class="hlt">event</span> to <span class="hlt">event</span>. In the light of these challenging conditions, appears clear as an accurate monitoring and investigation of sediment dynamics is of critical importance in the steep mountain channels. Such monitoring has even more significance if it is maintained over long-period, enabling to investigate even the role of high magnitude/low frequency <span class="hlt">events</span>. Using a dataset 29 years-wide, this work aims to investigate the temporal trend of sediment dynamic in the Rio Cordon (Eastern Italian Alps). The Rio Cordon is a steep mountain channel (mean slope = 13%) characterized by step-pool and riffle-pool morphology. The basin (5 km2)exhibits a prevalent nivo-pluvial runoff regime. Since 1986, the catchment is equipped with a monitoring station, that continuously records water discharge, bedload and suspended load (at 1 hr intervals, and 5 min intervals during floods). In September 1994 an exceptional <span class="hlt">event</span> (RI > 100 years) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the study site, mobilizing about 4000 tons of material. Currently, the structure is managed by ARPA Veneto - Regional Department for Land Safety. In terms of magnitude, the 31 floods recorded by the monitoring station show a wide range of hydraulic forcing (i.e. peak discharge and effective runoff) and amount transported. Specifically, Qpeak ranges within one order of magnitude (1.02 - 10.42 m3 s-1), while the amount of bedload and suspended load varies by more than 3 orders (i.e. 0.9 t < BL < 1541.7 t</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728650','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728650"><span>Does a birthday predispose to vascular <span class="hlt">events</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saposnik, Gustavo; Baibergenova, Akerke; Dang, Jason; Hachinski, Vladimir</p> <p>2006-07-25</p> <p>To examine the influence of birthdays on the onset and course of vascular <span class="hlt">events</span> such as stroke, TIA, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This population-based study included all emergency department (ED) admissions due to ischemic stroke, TIA, or AMI from April 2002 to March 2004 in Ontario, Canada. All cases were identified through the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Calculations of daily and weekly numbers of <span class="hlt">events</span> were centered on the patient's birthday and the week of the birthday. Statistical analyses include binomial tests and logistic regression. During the study period, there were 24,315 ED admissions with acute stroke, 16,088 with TIAs, and 29,090 with AMI. The observed number of vascular <span class="hlt">events</span> during the birthday was higher than the expected daily number of visits for stroke (87 vs 67; p = 0.009), TIA (58 vs 44; p = 0.02), and AMI (97 vs 80; p = 0.027) but not for selected control conditions (asthma, appendicitis, head trauma). Vascular <span class="hlt">events</span> were more likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> on birthday (242 vs 191; odds ratio [OR] = 1.27). No significant differences were observed during the birthday week for any of the conditions. Multivariate logistic regression showed that birthday vascular <span class="hlt">events</span> were more likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in patients with a history of hypertension (OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.24). Sensitivity analyses with alternative definitions of birthday week did not alter the results. Stress associated with birthdays may trigger vascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in patients with predisposing conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=grape&pg=7&id=ED207784','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=grape&pg=7&id=ED207784"><span>Eventos de Noviembre (November <span class="hlt">Events</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor</p> <p></p> <p>Written in Spanish, this booklet contains information on three <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the month of November: Armistice Day (November 11), the discovery of Puerto Rico (November 19), and Thanksgiving (last Thursday in November). Following a brief discussion of "Dia del Armisticio" (Armistice Day), first celebrated on November 11, 1919, the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Soy&pg=4&id=ED207783','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Soy&pg=4&id=ED207783"><span>Eventos de Octubre (October <span class="hlt">Events</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor</p> <p></p> <p>Written in Spanish, this booklet contains information on three <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the month of October: the discovery of America (October 12), the organization of the United Nations (October 24), and Halloween (October 31). Christopher Columbus' journey to America is discussed through a short story; an epic poem ("Velas Epicas"); and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025302','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025302"><span>Nuclear fusion during yeast mating <span class="hlt">occurs</span> by a three-step pathway.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Melloy, Patricia; Shen, Shu; White, Erin; McIntosh, J Richard; Rose, Mark D</p> <p>2007-11-19</p> <p>In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating culminates in nuclear fusion to produce a diploid zygote. Two models for nuclear fusion have been proposed: a one-step model in which the outer and inner nuclear membranes and the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) fuse simultaneously and a three-step model in which the three <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> separately. To differentiate between these models, we used electron tomography and time-lapse light microscopy of early stage wild-type zygotes. We observe two distinct SPBs in approximately 80% of zygotes that contain fused nuclei, whereas we only see fused or partially fused SPBs in zygotes in which the site of nuclear envelope (NE) fusion is already dilated. This demonstrates that SPB fusion <span class="hlt">occurs</span> after NE fusion. Time-lapse microscopy of zygotes containing fluorescent protein tags that localize to either the NE lumen or the nucleoplasm demonstrates that outer membrane fusion precedes inner membrane fusion. We conclude that nuclear fusion <span class="hlt">occurs</span> by a three-step pathway.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406142"><span>Random Number Generation and Executive Functions in Parkinson's Disease: An <span class="hlt">Event</span>-Related Brain Potential Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Münte, Thomas F; Joppich, Gregor; Däuper, Jan; Schrader, Christoph; Dengler, Reinhard; Heldmann, Marcus</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The generation of random sequences is considered to tax executive functions and has been reported to be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD) previously. To assess the neurophysiological markers of random number generation in PD. <span class="hlt">Event</span>-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in 12 PD patients and 12 age-matched normal controls (NC) while either engaging in random number generation (RNG) by pressing the number <span class="hlt">keys</span> on a computer keyboard in a random sequence or in ordered number generation (ONG) necessitating <span class="hlt">key</span> presses in the canonical order. <span class="hlt">Key</span> presses were paced by an external auditory stimulus at a rate of 1 tone every 1800 ms. As a secondary task subjects had to monitor the tone-sequence for a particular target tone to which the number "0" <span class="hlt">key</span> had to be pressed. This target tone <span class="hlt">occurred</span> randomly and infrequently, thus creating a secondary oddball task. Behaviorally, PD patients showed an increased tendency to count in steps of one as well as a tendency towards repetition avoidance. Electrophysiologically, the amplitude of the P3 component of the ERP to the target tone of the secondary task was reduced during RNG in PD but not in NC. The behavioral findings indicate less random behavior in PD while the ERP findings suggest that this impairment comes about, because attentional resources are depleted in PD.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHyd..540..306S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHyd..540..306S"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span>-based stormwater management pond runoff temperature model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sabouri, F.; Gharabaghi, B.; Sattar, A. M. A.; Thompson, A. M.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Stormwater management wet ponds are generally very shallow and hence can significantly increase (about 5.4 °C on average in this study) runoff temperatures in summer months, which adversely affects receiving urban stream ecosystems. This study uses gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural networks (ANN) modeling techniques to advance our knowledge of the <span class="hlt">key</span> factors governing thermal enrichment effects of stormwater ponds. The models developed in this study build upon and compliment the ANN model developed by Sabouri et al. (2013) that predicts the catchment <span class="hlt">event</span> mean runoff temperature entering the pond as a function of <span class="hlt">event</span> climatic and catchment characteristic parameters. The <span class="hlt">key</span> factors that control pond outlet runoff temperature, include: (1) Upland Catchment Parameters (catchment drainage area and <span class="hlt">event</span> mean runoff temperature inflow to the pond); (2) Climatic Parameters (rainfall depth, <span class="hlt">event</span> mean air temperature, and pond initial water temperature); and (3) Pond Design Parameters (pond length-to-width ratio, pond surface area, pond average depth, and pond outlet depth). We used monitoring data for three summers from 2009 to 2011 in four stormwater management ponds, located in the cities of Guelph and Kitchener, Ontario, Canada to develop the models. The prediction uncertainties of the developed ANN and GEP models for the case study sites are around 0.4% and 1.7% of the median value. Sensitivity analysis of the trained models indicates that the thermal enrichment of the pond outlet runoff is inversely proportional to pond length-to-width ratio, pond outlet depth, and directly proportional to <span class="hlt">event</span> runoff volume, <span class="hlt">event</span> mean pond inflow runoff temperature, and pond initial water temperature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Risk+AND+management&pg=3&id=EJ1115771','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Risk+AND+management&pg=3&id=EJ1115771"><span>Mining Aboriginal Labour: Examining Capital Reconversion Strategies <span class="hlt">Occurring</span> on the Risk Management Field</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hodgkins, Andrew P.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This article examines a vocational education and training partnership <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the Canadian oil sands mining industry. The case study involves a corporate-sponsored pre-apprenticeship training programme designed to procure aboriginal labour in the province of Alberta. Interviews with members of <span class="hlt">key</span> partner groups and stakeholders occurred…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3885383','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3885383"><span>Forecasting Seizures in Dogs with Naturally <span class="hlt">Occurring</span> Epilepsy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stead, S. Matt; Brinkmann, Ben; Vasoli, Vincent; Crepeau, Daniel; Vite, Charles H.; Sturges, Beverly; Ruedebusch, Vanessa; Mavoori, Jaideep; Leyde, Kent; Sheffield, W. Douglas; Litt, Brian; Worrell, Gregory A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Seizure forecasting has the potential to create new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, such as providing patient warnings and delivering preemptive therapy. Progress on seizure forecasting, however, has been hindered by lack of sufficient data to rigorously evaluate the hypothesis that seizures are preceded by physiological changes, and are not simply random <span class="hlt">events</span>. We investigated seizure forecasting in three dogs with naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> focal epilepsy implanted with a device recording continuous intracranial EEG (iEEG). The iEEG spectral power in six frequency bands: delta (0.1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz), low-gamma (30–70 Hz), and high-gamma (70–180 Hz), were used as features. Logistic regression classifiers were trained to discriminate labeled pre-ictal and inter-ictal data segments using combinations of the band spectral power features. Performance was assessed on separate test data sets via 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 125 spontaneous seizures were detected in continuous iEEG recordings spanning 6.5 to 15 months from 3 dogs. When considering all seizures, the seizure forecasting algorithm performed significantly better than a Poisson-model chance predictor constrained to have the same time in warning for all 3 dogs over a range of total warning times. Seizure clusters were observed in all 3 dogs, and when the effect of seizure clusters was decreased by considering the subset of seizures separated by at least 4 hours, the forecasting performance remained better than chance for a subset of algorithm parameters. These results demonstrate that seizures in canine epilepsy are not randomly <span class="hlt">occurring</span> <span class="hlt">events</span>, and highlight the feasibility of long-term seizure forecasting using iEEG monitoring. PMID:24416133</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247198','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247198"><span>Mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Junwen; Rapee, Ronald M; Abbott, Maree J</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A variety of cognitive and attentional factors are hypothesised to be associated with post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination, a <span class="hlt">key</span> construct that has been proposed to contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety disorder (SAD). The present study aimed to explore factors contributing to post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination following delivery of a speech in a clinical population. 121 participants with SAD completed measures of trait social anxiety a week before they undertook a speech task. After the speech, participants answered several questionnaires assessing their state anxiety, self-evaluation of performance, perceived focus of attention and probability and cost of expected negative evaluation. One-week later, participants completed measures of negative rumination experienced over the week. Results showed two pathways leading to post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination: (1) a direct path from trait social anxiety to post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination and (2) indirect paths from trait social anxiety to post-<span class="hlt">event</span> rumination via its relationships with inappropriate attentional focus and self-evaluation of performance. The results suggest that post <span class="hlt">event</span> rumination is at least partly predicted by the extent to which socially anxious individuals negatively perceive their own performance and their allocation of attentional resources to this negative self-image. Current findings support the <span class="hlt">key</span> relationships among cognitive processes proposed by cognitive models. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120003324&hterms=Forensic+analysis&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DForensic%2Banalysis','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120003324&hterms=Forensic+analysis&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DForensic%2Banalysis"><span>Materials Analysis: A <span class="hlt">Key</span> to Unlocking the Mystery of the Columbia Tragedy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mayeaux, Brian M.; Collins, Thomas E.; Piascik, Robert S.; Russel, Richard W.; Jerman, Gregory A.; Shah, Sandeep R.; McDanels, Steven J.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Materials analyses of <span class="hlt">key</span> forensic evidence helped unlock the mystery of the loss of space shuttle Columbia that disintegrated February 1, 2003 while returning from a 16-day research mission. Following an intensive four-month recovery effort by federal, state, and local emergency management and law officials, Columbia debris was collected, catalogued, and reassembled at the Kennedy Space Center. Engineers and scientists from the Materials and Processes (M&P) team formed by NASA supported Columbia reconstruction efforts, provided factual data through analysis, and conducted experiments to validate the root cause of the accident. Fracture surfaces and thermal effects of selected airframe debris were assessed, and process flows for both nondestructive and destructive sampling and evaluation of debris were developed. The team also assessed left hand (LH) airframe components that were believed to be associated with a structural breach of Columbia. Analytical data collected by the M&P team showed that a significant thermal <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at the left wing leading edge in the proximity of LH reinforced carbon carbon (RCC) panels 8 and 9. The analysis also showed exposure to temperatures in excess of 1,649 C, which would severely degrade the support structure, tiles, and RCC panel materials. The integrated failure analysis of wing leading edge debris and deposits strongly supported the hypothesis that a breach <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at LH RCC panel 8.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008utic.book..374M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008utic.book..374M"><span>Biological <span class="hlt">Event</span> Modeling for Response Planning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McGowan, Clement; Cecere, Fred; Darneille, Robert; Laverdure, Nate</p> <p></p> <p>People worldwide continue to fear a naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> or terrorist-initiated biological <span class="hlt">event</span>. Responsible decision makers have begun to prepare for such a biological <span class="hlt">event</span>, but critical policy and system questions remain: What are the best courses of action to prepare for and react to such an outbreak? Where resources should be stockpiled? How many hospital resources—doctors, nurses, intensive-care beds—will be required? Will quarantine be necessary? Decision analysis tools, particularly modeling and simulation, offer ways to address and help answer these questions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710159D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1710159D"><span>The ISC Seismic <span class="hlt">Event</span> Bibliography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Di Giacomo, Domenico; Storchak, Dmitry</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The International Seismological Centre (ISC) is a not-for-profit organization operating in the UK for the last 50 years and producing the ISC Bulletin - the definitive worldwide summary of seismic <span class="hlt">events</span>, both natural and anthropogenic - starting from the beginning of 20th century. Often researchers need to gather information related to specific seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> for various reasons. To facilitate such task, in 2012 we set up a new database linking earthquakes and other seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> in the ISC Bulletin to bibliographic records of scientific articles (mostly peer-reviewed journals) that describe those <span class="hlt">events</span>. Such association allows users of the ISC <span class="hlt">Event</span> Bibliography (www.isc.ac.uk/<span class="hlt">event</span>_bibliography/index.php) to run searches for publications via a map-based web interface and, optionally, selecting scientific publications related to either specific <span class="hlt">events</span> or <span class="hlt">events</span> in the area of interest. Some of the greatest earthquakes were described in several hundreds of articles published over a period of few years. The journals included in our database are not limited to seismology but bring together a variety of fields in geosciences (e.g., engineering seismology, geodesy and remote sensing, tectonophysics, monitoring research, tsunami, geology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, atmospheric sciences, etc.) making this service useful in multidisciplinary studies. Usually papers dealing with large data set are not included (e.g., papers describing a seismic catalogue). Currently the ISC <span class="hlt">Event</span> Bibliography includes over 17,000 individual publications from about 500 titles related to over 14,000 <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in last 100+ years. The bibliographic records in the <span class="hlt">Event</span> Bibliography start in the 1950s, and it is updated as new publications become available.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940009311','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940009311"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span>-driven simulation in SELMON: An overview of EDSE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rouquette, Nicolas F.; Chien, Steve A.; Charest, Leonard, Jr.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>EDSE (<span class="hlt">event</span>-driven simulation engine), a model-based <span class="hlt">event</span>-driven simulator implemented for SELMON, a tool for sensor selection and anomaly detection in real-time monitoring is described. The simulator is used in conjunction with a causal model to predict future behavior of the model from observed data. The behavior of the causal model is interpreted as equivalent to the behavior of the physical system being modeled. An overview of the functionality of the simulator and the model-based <span class="hlt">event</span>-driven simulation paradigm on which it is based is provided. Included are high-level descriptions of the following <span class="hlt">key</span> properties: <span class="hlt">event</span> consumption and <span class="hlt">event</span> creation, iterative simulation, synchronization and filtering of monitoring data from the physical system. Finally, how EDSE stands with respect to the relevant open issues of discrete-<span class="hlt">event</span> and model-based simulation is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29699842','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29699842"><span>Effects of appraisal training on responses to a distressing autobiographical <span class="hlt">event</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Woud, Marcella L; Zlomuzica, Armin; Cwik, Jan C; Margraf, Jürgen; Shkreli, Lorika; Blackwell, Simon E; Gladwin, Thomas E; Ehring, Thomas</p> <p>2018-04-14</p> <p>Dysfunctional appraisals are a <span class="hlt">key</span> factor suggested to be involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Research has shown that experimental induction of a positive or negative appraisal style following a laboratory stressor affects analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. This supports a causal role of appraisal in the development of traumatic stress symptoms and the therapeutic promise of modifying appraisals to reduce PTSD symptoms. The present study aimed to extend previous findings by investigating the effects of experimentally induced appraisals on reactions to a naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> analogue trauma and by examining effects on both explicit and implicit appraisals. Participants who had experienced a distressing life <span class="hlt">event</span> were asked to imagine themselves in the most distressing moment of that <span class="hlt">event</span> and then received either a positive or negative Cognitive Bias Modification training targeting appraisals (CBM-App). The CBM-App training induced training-congruent appraisals, but group differences in changes in appraisal over training were only seen for explicit and not implicit appraisals. However, participants trained positively reported less intrusion distress over the subsequent week than those trained negatively, and lower levels of overall posttraumatic stress symptoms. These data support the causal relationship between appraisals and trauma distress, and further illuminate the mechanisms linking the two. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4059466','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4059466"><span>Regression analysis of mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhu, Liang; Tong, Xinwei; Sun, Jianguo; Chen, Manhua; Srivastava, Deo Kumar; Leisenring, Wendy; Robison, Leslie L.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In <span class="hlt">event</span> history studies concerning recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span>, two types of data have been extensively discussed. One is recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> data (Cook and Lawless, 2007. The Analysis of Recurrent <span class="hlt">Event</span> Data. New York: Springer), and the other is panel-count data (Zhao and others, 2010. Nonparametric inference based on panel-count data. Test 20, 1–42). In the former case, all study subjects are monitored continuously; thus, complete information is available for the underlying recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> processes of interest. In the latter case, study subjects are monitored periodically; thus, only incomplete information is available for the processes of interest. In reality, however, a third type of data could <span class="hlt">occur</span> in which some study subjects are monitored continuously, but others are monitored periodically. When this <span class="hlt">occurs</span>, we have mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data. This paper discusses regression analysis of such mixed data and presents two estimation procedures for the problem. One is a maximum likelihood estimation procedure, and the other is an estimating equation procedure. The asymptotic properties of both resulting estimators of regression parameters are established. Also, the methods are applied to a set of mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data that arose from a Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and motivated this investigation. PMID:24648408</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AtmRe.188...64Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AtmRe.188...64Z"><span>Quantifying the relationship between extreme air pollution <span class="hlt">events</span> and extreme weather <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Henian; Wang, Yuhang; Park, Tae-Won; Deng, Yi</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Extreme weather <span class="hlt">events</span> can strongly affect surface air quality, which has become a major environmental factor to affect human health. Here, we examined the relationship between extreme ozone and PM2.5 (particular matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) <span class="hlt">events</span> and the representative meteorological parameters such as daily maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum relative humidity (RHmin), and minimum wind speed (Vmin), using the location-specific 95th or 5th percentile threshold derived from historical reanalysis data (30 years for ozone and 10 years for PM2.5). We found that ozone and PM2.5 extremes were decreasing over the years, reflecting EPA's tightened standards and effort on reducing the corresponding precursor's emissions. Annual ozone and PM2.5 extreme days were highly correlated with Tmax and RHmin, especially in the eastern U.S. They were positively (negatively) correlated with Vmin in urban (rural and suburban) stations. The overlapping ratios of ozone extreme days with Tmax were fairly constant, about 32%, and tended to be high in fall and low in winter. Ozone extreme days were most sensitive to Tmax, then RHmin, and least sensitive to Vmin. The majority of ozone extremes <span class="hlt">occurred</span> when Tmax was between 300 K and 320 K, RHmin was less than 40%, and Vmin was less than 3 m/s. The number of annual extreme PM2.5 days was highly positively correlated with the extreme RHmin/Tmax days, with correlation coefficient between PM2.5/RHmin highest in urban and suburban regions and the correlation coefficient between PM2.5/Tmax highest in rural area. Tmax has more impact on PM2.5 extreme over the eastern U.S. Extreme PM2.5 days were more likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> at low RH conditions in the central and southeastern U.S., especially during spring time, and at high RH conditions in the northern U.S. and the Great Plains. Most extreme PM2.5 <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> when Tmax was between 300 K and 320 K and RHmin was between 10% and 50%. Extreme PM2.5 days usually <span class="hlt">occurred</span> when</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Platanos&id=ED212394','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Platanos&id=ED212394"><span>Eventos de Diciembre (December <span class="hlt">Events</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor</p> <p></p> <p>Written in Spanish, this booklet contains information on three <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the month of December: winter, Christmas, and New Year's Eve. Winter is briefly discussed. The section on Christmas includes a short story ("La Nochebuena"); a poem about Christmas in Puerto Rico; a legend about the poinsettia; brief discussion of Santa…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH33C..02L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH33C..02L"><span>Using ENLIL and SEPMOD to Evaluate Shock Connectivity Influences on Gradual SEP <span class="hlt">Events</span> Observed with STEREO and ACE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luhmann, J. G.; Mays, M. L.; Li, Y.; Bain, H. M.; Lee, C. O.; Odstrcil, D.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Cohen, C.; Leske, R. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>An observer's magnetic field connection to a SEP-producing interplanetary shock (or compression) source often appears to provide a good indicator of whether or not a SEP <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurs</span>. As a result, some tools for SEP <span class="hlt">event</span> modeling make use of this finding. However, a <span class="hlt">key</span> assumption of these approaches is that the interplanetary magnetic field and heliospheric shock geometries are known throughout the <span class="hlt">event(s</span>). We consider examples of SEP time profile calculations obtained with combined ENLIL and SEPMOD modeling where the results compare well with observations at multiple inner heliosphere sites, and compare them to cases where such comparisons show a relative lack of agreement. ENLIL does not include the shock inside 21 Rs or CME/ICME ejecta magnetic fields, but for the agreeable cases this does not seem to make a big difference. The number, size, speed and directions of related CMEs/ICMEs, and ENLIL field line geometry appear to play the most critical roles. This includes the inclusion of prior and parallel <span class="hlt">events</span> that affect both the ICME propagation and magnetic field geometry and strength along the observer field line. It seems clear that if a SEP forecasting system is desired, we must continue to have instrumentation that allows us to specify global CME/ICME initiation geometry (coronagraphs, XUV/EUV imagers) and background solar wind structure (magnetographs).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28483875','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28483875"><span>Evolution caused by extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grant, Peter R; Grant, B Rosemary; Huey, Raymond B; Johnson, Marc T J; Knoll, Andrew H; Schmitt, Johanna</p> <p>2017-06-19</p> <p>Extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> can be a major driver of evolutionary change over geological and contemporary timescales. Outstanding examples are evolutionary diversification following mass extinctions caused by extreme volcanism or asteroid impact. The evolution of organisms in contemporary time is typically viewed as a gradual and incremental process that results from genetic change, environmental perturbation or both. However, contemporary environments occasionally experience strong perturbations such as heat waves, floods, hurricanes, droughts and pest outbreaks. These extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> set up strong selection pressures on organisms, and are small-scale analogues of the dramatic changes documented in the fossil record. Because extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> are rare, almost by definition, they are difficult to study. So far most attention has been given to their ecological rather than to their evolutionary consequences. We review several case studies of contemporary evolution in response to two types of extreme environmental perturbations, episodic (pulse) or prolonged (press). Evolution is most likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> when extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> alter community composition. We encourage investigators to be prepared for evolutionary change in response to rare <span class="hlt">events</span> during long-term field studies.This article is part of the themed issue 'Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span>'. © 2017 The Author(s).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1333622','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1333622"><span>The role of preliminary magazine training in acquisition of the autoshaped <span class="hlt">key</span> peck1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Davol, G. H.; Steinhauer, G. D.; Lee, A.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>A series of experiments tested the hypothesis that initial <span class="hlt">key</span> pecks in the autoshaping procedure are generalized pecks at the illuminated grain hopper. Experiment I found that autoshaping readily <span class="hlt">occurred</span> when the chamber was continuously illuminated by a house-light. In Experiment II, pigeons given magazine training and autoshaping with an unlighted grain hopper failed to autoshape in 200 trials. Acquisition of autoshaped <span class="hlt">key</span> pecking was retarded in Experiment III when stimulus control by the magazine light was reduced. In the fourth study, pigeons were given magazine training with either a red or white magazine light and then given autoshaping with concurrently presented red and white <span class="hlt">keys</span>. For all pigeons in this experiment, the first <span class="hlt">key</span> peck <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on the <span class="hlt">key</span> of the same color as that pigeon's magazine light. The results of these experiments were interpreted as supporting an account of autoshaping that identifies initial <span class="hlt">key</span> pecks as arising due to generalization of pecking at the lighted grain hopper to pecking at the lighted <span class="hlt">key</span>. PMID:16812027</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701259.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701259.html"><span>2017 Solar Eclipse <span class="hlt">Event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-06-11</p> <p>Brad Addona views the beginning of the August 21, 2017 at a viewing <span class="hlt">event</span> for Marshall Space Flight Center’s activities building for Marshall employees. The Huntsville area experienced 97 percent occultation, nearly a complete blocking out of the sun by the orbit of Earth's moon. The next opportunity to view a solar eclipse in the eastern and central United States will <span class="hlt">occur</span> in April 2024.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S41C0782M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S41C0782M"><span>Short-term Slow Slip <span class="hlt">Events</span> at the Southcentral Alaska Subduction Zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McGuire, J. L.; Fu, Y.; Freymueller, J. T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the North American Plate along the Aleutian Trench. The Alaska subduction zone is among the most tectonically active areas on Earth and is home to some of the largest earthquakes on record, including the second largest earthquake ever recorded, the M9.2 Prince William Sound earthquake of 1964. With the increasing availability of continuous GPS observations, studying time-dependent crustal movements in this area has become possible. Previous studies have analyzed the presence of long-term slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> (SSEs) in the region. Two long-term SSEs <span class="hlt">occurred</span> from 1998-2001 and from 2010-2014 with durations of 3-4 years. These two long-term <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> down-dip of the main asperity of the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake. In addition to these long-term SSEs, there are also short-term SSEs evident in the GPS time series, which have durations of approximately two months. We have adequate data to study three short-term slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span>, in 2005, 2006 and 2007. We fit the GPS time series data with the combination of a linear trend, a hyperbolic tangent function, and seasonal variations to derive the crustal displacements of all three short-term SSEs at each station in the north, east, and vertical directions. Then, an inversion model using the Green's functions for slip on the plate interface was employed to estimate the location and amplitude of slip and to calculate the magnitude of these slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span>. Our results show Mw 6.09 for the 2005 <span class="hlt">event</span>, Mw 6.40 for the 2006 <span class="hlt">event</span>, and Mw 6.30 for the 2007 <span class="hlt">event</span>. Our results indicate that both long-term SSEs and short-term SSEs <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the same location, down-dip of the rupture asperity of 1964 M9.2 earthquake. We use this information to relate the short-term slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> to the long-term <span class="hlt">events</span> that have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the region and to look for the implications on the slip budget of both short-term and long-term SSEs during the earthquake cycle at Southcentral Alaska</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10696E..08E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10696E..08E"><span>Deep learning based beat <span class="hlt">event</span> detection in action movie franchises</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ejaz, N.; Khan, U. A.; Martínez-del-Amor, M. A.; Sparenberg, H.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Automatic understanding and interpretation of movies can be used in a variety of ways to semantically manage the massive volumes of movies data. "Action Movie Franchises" dataset is a collection of twenty Hollywood action movies from five famous franchises with ground truth annotations at shot and beat level of each movie. In this dataset, the annotations are provided for eleven semantic beat categories. In this work, we propose a deep learning based method to classify shots and beat-<span class="hlt">events</span> on this dataset. The training dataset for each of the eleven beat categories is developed and then a Convolution Neural Network is trained. After finding the shot boundaries, <span class="hlt">key</span> frames are extracted for each shot and then three classification labels are assigned to each <span class="hlt">key</span> frame. The classification labels for each of the <span class="hlt">key</span> frames in a particular shot are then used to assign a unique label to each shot. A simple sliding window based method is then used to group adjacent shots having the same label in order to find a particular beat <span class="hlt">event</span>. The results of beat <span class="hlt">event</span> classification are presented based on criteria of precision, recall, and F-measure. The results are compared with the existing technique and significant improvements are recorded.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-18/pdf/2013-27557.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-18/pdf/2013-27557.pdf"><span>78 FR 69007 - Special Local Regulations; Eleventh Coast Guard District Annual Marine <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-11-18</p> <p>... marine <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> annually within the Eleventh Coast Guard District. These updates include adding..., Southern California annual marine <span class="hlt">events</span> for the San Diego Captain of the Port zone, by adding 12 new... Diego Captain of the Port zone, by adding 9 new <span class="hlt">events</span> and updating 1 <span class="hlt">event</span> with [[Page 69009</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5065975','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5065975"><span>Hierarchical <span class="hlt">Event</span> Descriptors (HED): Semi-Structured Tagging for Real-World <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Large-Scale EEG</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bigdely-Shamlo, Nima; Cockfield, Jeremy; Makeig, Scott; Rognon, Thomas; La Valle, Chris; Miyakoshi, Makoto; Robbins, Kay A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Real-world brain imaging by EEG requires accurate annotation of complex subject-environment interactions in <span class="hlt">event</span>-rich tasks and paradigms. This paper describes the evolution of the Hierarchical <span class="hlt">Event</span> Descriptor (HED) system for systematically describing both laboratory and real-world <span class="hlt">events</span>. HED version 2, first described here, provides the semantic capability of describing a variety of subject and environmental states. HED descriptions can include stimulus presentation <span class="hlt">events</span> on screen or in virtual worlds, experimental or spontaneous <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the real world environment, and <span class="hlt">events</span> experienced via one or multiple sensory modalities. Furthermore, HED 2 can distinguish between the mere presence of an object and its actual (or putative) perception by a subject. Although the HED framework has implicit ontological and linked data representations, the user-interface for HED annotation is more intuitive than traditional ontological annotation. We believe that hiding the formal representations allows for a more user-friendly interface, making consistent, detailed tagging of experimental, and real-world <span class="hlt">events</span> possible for research users. HED is extensible while retaining the advantages of having an enforced common core vocabulary. We have developed a collection of tools to support HED tag assignment and validation; these are available at hedtags.org. A plug-in for EEGLAB (sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab), CTAGGER, is also available to speed the process of tagging existing studies. PMID:27799907</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=volcanoes&pg=6&id=EJ154241','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=volcanoes&pg=6&id=EJ154241"><span>Bulletin Board Ideas: Worldwide Scientific <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Schiffman, Maurice K.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Describes a bulletin board activity that identifies scientific phenomena <span class="hlt">occurring</span> worldwide during the school year. A map of the world is marked with colored pins as students find news information of places and kind of <span class="hlt">event</span> (e.g.; volcanoes, floods, crop failures, human epidemics). (CS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPP33A2105R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPP33A2105R"><span>Seasonality and Disturbance <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the Carbon Isotope Record of Pinus elliottii Tree Rings from Big Pine <span class="hlt">Key</span>, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rebenack, C.; Anderson, W. T.; Cherubini, P.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>, and disturbance <span class="hlt">events</span>, such as tropical cyclone impacts. Because slash pine growth is dependent on water availability, a chronology developed using carbon isotopes may provide greater insight into plant stress over time and ultimately may lead to better correlations with climate oscillations. The work presented here is the result of a carbon-isotope study of four slash pine trees located across a freshwater gradient on Big Pine <span class="hlt">Key</span>, Florida. A site chronology has been developed by cross-dating the δ13C records for each of the trees. The tree located on the distal edge of the freshwater gradient shows an overall enriched isotopic signature over time compared to the trees growing over a deeper part of the local freshwater lens, indicating that these trees are sensitive to water stress. In addition, the carbon isotope data show seasonal stomatal activity in the trees and indicate the timing of two disturbance <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=348321','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=348321"><span>Co-<span class="hlt">occurring</span> woody species have diverse hydraulic strategies and mortality rates during an extreme drought</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>From 2011 to 2013, Texas experienced its worst drought in recorded history. This <span class="hlt">event</span> provided a unique natural experiment to assess species-specific responses to extreme drought and mortality of four co-<span class="hlt">occurring</span> woody species: Quercus fusiformis, Diospyros texana, Prosopis glandulosa and Juniper...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=similar+AND+memory+AND+recall&pg=3&id=EJ1131282','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=similar+AND+memory+AND+recall&pg=3&id=EJ1131282"><span>Recollection-Dependent Memory for <span class="hlt">Event</span> Duration in Large-Scale Spatial Navigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brunec, Iva K.; Ozubko, Jason D.; Barense, Morgan D.; Moscovitch, Morris</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Time and space represent two <span class="hlt">key</span> aspects of episodic memories, forming the spatiotemporal context of <span class="hlt">events</span> in a sequence. Little is known, however, about how temporal information, such as the duration and the order of particular <span class="hlt">events</span>, are encoded into memory, and if it matters whether the memory representation is based on recollection or…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3781680','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3781680"><span>A new approach to identify, classify and count drugrelated <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bürkle, Thomas; Müller, Fabian; Patapovas, Andrius; Sonst, Anja; Pfistermeister, Barbara; Plank-Kiegele, Bettina; Dormann, Harald; Maas, Renke</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Aims The incidence of clinical <span class="hlt">events</span> related to medication errors and/or adverse drug reactions reported in the literature varies by a degree that cannot solely be explained by the clinical setting, the varying scrutiny of investigators or varying definitions of drug-related <span class="hlt">events</span>. Our hypothesis was that the individual complexity of many clinical cases may pose relevant limitations for current definitions and algorithms used to identify, classify and count adverse drug-related <span class="hlt">events</span>. Methods Based on clinical cases derived from an observational study we identified and classified common clinical problems that cannot be adequately characterized by the currently used definitions and algorithms. Results It appears that some <span class="hlt">key</span> models currently used to describe the relation of medication errors (MEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse drug <span class="hlt">events</span> (ADEs) can easily be misinterpreted or contain logical inconsistencies that limit their accurate use to all but the simplest clinical cases. A <span class="hlt">key</span> limitation of current models is the inability to deal with complex interactions such as one drug causing two clinically distinct side effects or multiple drugs contributing to a single clinical <span class="hlt">event</span>. Using a large set of clinical cases we developed a revised model of the interdependence between MEs, ADEs and ADRs and extended current <span class="hlt">event</span> definitions when multiple medications cause multiple types of problems. We propose algorithms that may help to improve the identification, classification and counting of drug-related <span class="hlt">events</span>. Conclusions The new model may help to overcome some of the limitations that complex clinical cases pose to current paper- or software-based drug therapy safety. PMID:24007453</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3443411','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3443411"><span>Major Life <span class="hlt">Events</span> as Potential Triggers of Sudden Cardiac Arrest</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wicks, April F; Lumley, Thomas; Lemaitre, Rozenn N; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Rea, Thomas D; McKnight, Barbara; Strogatz, David S; Bovbjerg, Viktor E; Siscovick, David S</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background We investigated recent loss of or separation from afamily member or friend and risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Methods Our case-crossover study included 490 apparently-healthy married residents of King County, Washington, who suffered sudden cardiac arrest between 1988 and 2005. We compared exposure to spouse-reported family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> ≤ 1 month before sudden cardiac arrest with <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> n the previous 5 months. We evaluated potential effect modification by habitual vigorous physical activity. Results Recent family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> were associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.4]). ORs for cases with and without habitual vigorous physical activity were 1.1 (0.6-2.2) and 2.0 (1.2-3.1), respectively, (interaction P = 0.02). Conclusions These results suggest family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> may trigger sudden cardiac arrest and raise the hypothesis that habitual vigorous physical activity may lower susceptibility to these potential triggers. PMID:22415111</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22415111','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22415111"><span>Major life <span class="hlt">events</span> as potential triggers of sudden cardiac arrest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wicks, April F; Lumley, Thomas; Lemaitre, Rozenn N; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Rea, Thomas D; McKnight, Barbara; Strogatz, David S; Bovbjerg, Viktor E; Siscovick, David S</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>We investigated the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in association with the recent loss of, or separation from, a family member or friend. Our case-crossover study included 490 apparently healthy married residents of King County, Washington, who suffered sudden cardiac arrest between 1988 and 2005. We compared exposure to spouse-reported family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> ≤ 1 month before sudden cardiac arrest with <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the previous 5 months. We evaluated potential effect modification by habitual vigorous physical activity. Recent family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> were associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.4). ORs for cases with and without habitual vigorous physical activity were 1.1 (0.6-2.2) and 2.0 (1.2-3.1), respectively (interaction P = 0.02). These results suggest family/friend <span class="hlt">events</span> may trigger sudden cardiac arrest and raise the hypothesis that habitual vigorous physical activity may lower susceptibility to these potential triggers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=autobiographical+AND+memory&pg=3&id=EJ1007474','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=autobiographical+AND+memory&pg=3&id=EJ1007474"><span>Bringing Order to Life <span class="hlt">Events</span>: Memory for the Temporal Order of Autobiographical <span class="hlt">Events</span> over an Extended Period in School-Aged Children and Adults</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pathman, Thanujeni; Doydum, Ayzit; Bauer, Patricia J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Remembering temporal information associated with personal past <span class="hlt">events</span> is critical. Yet little is known about the development of temporal order memory for naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> <span class="hlt">events</span>. In the current research, 8- to 10-year-old children and adults took photographs daily for 4 weeks. Later, they participated in a primacy/recency task (were shown 2 of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28833042','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28833042"><span>"What" and "where" was when? Memory for the temporal order of episodic <span class="hlt">events</span> in children.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scarf, Damian; Boden, Hannah; Labuschagne, Lisa G; Gross, Julien; Hayne, Harlene</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In the past, researchers have shown that the individual components of episodic memory (i.e "what," "where," and "when") may emerge at different points in development. Specifically, while children as young as three can accurately report the "what" and "where" of an <span class="hlt">event</span>, they struggle to accurately report when the <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. One explanation for children's difficulty in reporting when an <span class="hlt">event</span> took place is a rudimentary understanding, and ability to use, temporal terms. In the current experiment, we employed a physical timeline to aid children's reporting of the order in which a series of episodic <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Overall, while 4-, 5-, and 6-year olds performed above chance, 3-year olds did not. Our findings suggest that 3-year olds' limited ability to produce temporal terms may not be the rate-limiting step preventing them from identifying when <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in their recent past. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...10628897V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...10628897V"><span>Polar UVI observations of dayside auroral transient <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vorobjev, V. G.; Yagodkina, O. I.; Sibeck, D. G.; Liou, K.; Meng, C.-I.</p> <p>2001-12-01</p> <p>We analyze Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) observations of auroral transient <span class="hlt">events</span> (ATEs) in the dayside Northern Hemisphere. During 5 winter months in 1996 and 1997, we found 31 prenoon ATEs but only 13 afternoon <span class="hlt">events</span>. Prenoon and afternoon <span class="hlt">event</span> characteristics differ. Prenoon ATEs generally appear as bright spots of auroral luminosity in the area from 0800 to 1000 magnetic local time (MLT) and 74.5° and 76.5° corrected geomagnetic latitude (CGL). Bright aurorae then quickly expand westward and poleward, accompanied by high-latitude magnetic impulsive <span class="hlt">events</span> (MIE) and traveling convection vortices (TCV). Afternoon ATEs usually appear as a sudden intensification of aurorae in the area from 1400 to 1600 MLT and 75.5° to 78.5° CGL. Within 15-20 min the bright band of luminosity extends eastward to reach 2000-2100 MLT at 70°-72° CGL. Although midlatitude and low-latitude ground magnetograms in the evening sector record increases in the horizontal component of the magnetic field, no corresponding features <span class="hlt">occur</span> at stations in the morning sector. Afternoon ATEs correspond to abrupt changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, but not to significant variations of the solar wind dynamic pressure, indicating that the auroral transient <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> as part of the magnetospheric response to abrupt changes in the foreshock geometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22390653-application-different-dioids-public-key-cryptography','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22390653-application-different-dioids-public-key-cryptography"><span>An application of different dioids in public <span class="hlt">key</span> cryptography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Durcheva, Mariana I., E-mail: mdurcheva66@gmail.com</p> <p>2014-11-18</p> <p>Dioids provide a natural framework for analyzing a broad class of discrete <span class="hlt">event</span> dynamical systems such as the design and analysis of bus and railway timetables, scheduling of high-throughput industrial processes, solution of combinatorial optimization problems, the analysis and improvement of flow systems in communication networks. They have appeared in several branches of mathematics such as functional analysis, optimization, stochastic systems and dynamic programming, tropical geometry, fuzzy logic. In this paper we show how to involve dioids in public <span class="hlt">key</span> cryptography. The main goal is to create <span class="hlt">key</span> – exchange protocols based on dioids. Additionally the digital signature scheme ismore » presented.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP51D1882R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMPP51D1882R"><span>Seasonality and Disturbance <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the Carbon Isotope Record of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Tree Rings from Big Pine <span class="hlt">Key</span>, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rebenack, C.; Anderson, W. T.; Cherubini, P.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>, and disturbance <span class="hlt">events</span>. Because slash pine growth is dependent on water availability, a chronology developed using carbon isotopes may provide greater insight into plant stress over time and ultimately may lead to better correlations with climate oscillations. The work presented here is the preliminary result of a carbon-isotope study of four slash pine trees from Big Pine <span class="hlt">Key</span>, Florida. Initial δ13C data show seasonal stomatal activity in the trees and indicate the timing of possible disturbance <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900049330&hterms=post+event&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpost%2Bevent','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900049330&hterms=post+event&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dpost%2Bevent"><span>Kilometric shock-associated <span class="hlt">events</span> and microwave bursts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kundu, M. R.; Macdowall, R. J.; Stone, R. G.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The peak times of impulsive microwaves bursts are compared with those of shock-associated (SA) kilometric radio <span class="hlt">events</span>. The first peaks in these two frequency regimes are usually well-correlated in time, but the last peaks of the SA <span class="hlt">events</span> observed at 1 MHz <span class="hlt">occur</span> an average of 20 min after the last impulsive microwave peaks. In some cases, the SA <span class="hlt">events</span> overlap in time with the post-burst increases of microwave bursts; sometimes there is general correspondence in their intensity time profiles. These observations suggest that the earlier components of the SA <span class="hlt">events</span> are usually caused by electrons accelerated in or near the microwave source region. The possibility that the later components of some SA <span class="hlt">events</span> could be associated with nonthermal electrons responsible for microwave post-burst increases, although they have traditionally been attributed to electrons accelerated at type II burst producing shocks in the upper corona is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26621012','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26621012"><span>The Incidence, Nature and Consequences of Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Iranian Hospitals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Akbari Sari, Ali; Doshmangir, Leila; Torabi, Fereshteh; Rashidian, Arash; Sedaghat, Mojtaba; Ghomi, Robabeh; Prasopa-Plaizier, Nittita</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> are relatively common in healthcare, leading to extensive harm to patients and a significant drain on healthcare resources. Identifying the extent, nature and consequences of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> is an important step in preventing adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and their consequences which is the subject of this study. This is a retrospective review of medical records randomly selected from patients admitted to 4 general hospitals, staying more than 24 hours and discharged between April and September 2012. We randomly selected 1200 records and completed the record review for 1162 of these records. Standard forms (RF1 and RF2) were used to review medical records in two stages by nurses and medical doctors. Eighty-five (7.3%) of the 1162 records had an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> during the admission; and in 43 (3.7%) of the 1162 records, the patient was admitted to the hospital due to an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> before the admission. Therefore, a total of 128 (11.0%) adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 126 (10.9) records as two patients had more than one adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>. Forty-four (34.3%) of these 128 adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were considered preventable. This study confirms that adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, particularly adverse drug reactions, post-operative infections, bedsore and hospital acquired infections are common and potentially preventable sources of harm to patients in Iranian hospitals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3384260','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3384260"><span>Biological <span class="hlt">event</span> composition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background In recent years, biological <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction has emerged as a <span class="hlt">key</span> natural language processing task, aiming to address the information overload problem in accessing the molecular biology literature. The BioNLP shared task competitions have contributed to this recent interest considerably. The first competition (BioNLP'09) focused on extracting biological <span class="hlt">events</span> from Medline abstracts from a narrow domain, while the theme of the latest competition (BioNLP-ST'11) was generalization and a wider range of text types, <span class="hlt">event</span> types, and subject domains were considered. We view <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction as a building block in larger discourse interpretation and propose a two-phase, linguistically-grounded, rule-based methodology. In the first phase, a general, underspecified semantic interpretation is composed from syntactic dependency relations in a bottom-up manner. The notion of embedding underpins this phase and it is informed by a trigger dictionary and argument identification rules. Coreference resolution is also performed at this step, allowing extraction of inter-sentential relations. The second phase is concerned with constraining the resulting semantic interpretation by shared task specifications. We evaluated our general methodology on core biological <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction and speculation/negation tasks in three main tracks of BioNLP-ST'11 (GENIA, EPI, and ID). Results We achieved competitive results in GENIA and ID tracks, while our results in the EPI track leave room for improvement. One notable feature of our system is that its performance across abstracts and articles bodies is stable. Coreference resolution results in minor improvement in system performance. Due to our interest in discourse-level elements, such as speculation/negation and coreference, we provide a more detailed analysis of our system performance in these subtasks. Conclusions The results demonstrate the viability of a robust, linguistically-oriented methodology, which clearly distinguishes</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EJASP2006..218R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EJASP2006..218R"><span>A Content-Adaptive Analysis and Representation Framework for Audio <span class="hlt">Event</span> Discovery from "Unscripted" Multimedia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Radhakrishnan, Regunathan; Divakaran, Ajay; Xiong, Ziyou; Otsuka, Isao</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>We propose a content-adaptive analysis and representation framework to discover <span class="hlt">events</span> using audio features from "unscripted" multimedia such as sports and surveillance for summarization. The proposed analysis framework performs an inlier/outlier-based temporal segmentation of the content. It is motivated by the observation that "interesting" <span class="hlt">events</span> in unscripted multimedia <span class="hlt">occur</span> sparsely in a background of usual or "uninteresting" <span class="hlt">events</span>. We treat the sequence of low/mid-level features extracted from the audio as a time series and identify subsequences that are outliers. The outlier detection is based on eigenvector analysis of the affinity matrix constructed from statistical models estimated from the subsequences of the time series. We define the confidence measure on each of the detected outliers as the probability that it is an outlier. Then, we establish a relationship between the parameters of the proposed framework and the confidence measure. Furthermore, we use the confidence measure to rank the detected outliers in terms of their departures from the background process. Our experimental results with sequences of low- and mid-level audio features extracted from sports video show that "highlight" <span class="hlt">events</span> can be extracted effectively as outliers from a background process using the proposed framework. We proceed to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in bringing out suspicious <span class="hlt">events</span> from surveillance videos without any a priori knowledge. We show that such temporal segmentation into background and outliers, along with the ranking based on the departure from the background, can be used to generate content summaries of any desired length. Finally, we also show that the proposed framework can be used to systematically select "<span class="hlt">key</span> audio classes" that are indicative of <span class="hlt">events</span> of interest in the chosen domain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502062"><span>Using timed <span class="hlt">event</span> sequential data in nursing research.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pecanac, Kristen E; Doherty-King, Barbara; Yoon, Ju Young; Brown, Roger; Schiefelbein, Tony</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Measuring behavior is important in nursing research, and innovative technologies are needed to capture the "real-life" complexity of behaviors and <span class="hlt">events</span>. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of timed <span class="hlt">event</span> sequential data in nursing research and to demonstrate the use of this data in a research study. Timed <span class="hlt">event</span> sequencing allows the researcher to capture the frequency, duration, and sequence of behaviors as they <span class="hlt">occur</span> in an observation period and to link the behaviors to contextual details. Timed <span class="hlt">event</span> sequential data can easily be collected with handheld computers, loaded with a software program designed for capturing observations in real time. Timed <span class="hlt">event</span> sequential data add considerable strength to analysis of any nursing behavior of interest, which can enhance understanding and lead to improvement in nursing practice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24489657','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24489657"><span>Antarctic climate change: extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> disrupt plastic phenotypic response in Adélie penguins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lescroël, Amélie; Ballard, Grant; Grémillet, David; Authier, Matthieu; Ainley, David G</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In the context of predicted alteration of sea ice cover and increased frequency of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>, it is especially timely to investigate plasticity within Antarctic species responding to a <span class="hlt">key</span> environmental aspect of their ecology: sea ice variability. Using 13 years of longitudinal data, we investigated the effect of sea ice concentration (SIC) on the foraging efficiency of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding in the Ross Sea. A 'natural experiment' brought by the exceptional presence of giant icebergs during 5 consecutive years provided unprecedented habitat variation for testing the effects of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> on the relationship between SIC and foraging efficiency in this sea-ice dependent species. Significant levels of phenotypic plasticity were evident in response to changes in SIC in normal environmental conditions. Maximum foraging efficiency <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at relatively low SIC, peaking at 6.1% and decreasing with higher SIC. The 'natural experiment' uncoupled efficiency levels from SIC variations. Our study suggests that lower summer SIC than currently observed would benefit the foraging performance of Adélie penguins in their southernmost breeding area. Importantly, it also provides evidence that extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span> can disrupt response plasticity in a wild seabird population. This questions the predictive power of relationships built on past observations, when not only the average climatic conditions are changing but the frequency of extreme climatic anomalies is also on the rise.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3906005','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3906005"><span>Antarctic Climate Change: Extreme <span class="hlt">Events</span> Disrupt Plastic Phenotypic Response in Adélie Penguins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lescroël, Amélie; Ballard, Grant; Grémillet, David; Authier, Matthieu; Ainley, David G.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In the context of predicted alteration of sea ice cover and increased frequency of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>, it is especially timely to investigate plasticity within Antarctic species responding to a <span class="hlt">key</span> environmental aspect of their ecology: sea ice variability. Using 13 years of longitudinal data, we investigated the effect of sea ice concentration (SIC) on the foraging efficiency of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding in the Ross Sea. A ‘natural experiment’ brought by the exceptional presence of giant icebergs during 5 consecutive years provided unprecedented habitat variation for testing the effects of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> on the relationship between SIC and foraging efficiency in this sea-ice dependent species. Significant levels of phenotypic plasticity were evident in response to changes in SIC in normal environmental conditions. Maximum foraging efficiency <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at relatively low SIC, peaking at 6.1% and decreasing with higher SIC. The ‘natural experiment’ uncoupled efficiency levels from SIC variations. Our study suggests that lower summer SIC than currently observed would benefit the foraging performance of Adélie penguins in their southernmost breeding area. Importantly, it also provides evidence that extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span> can disrupt response plasticity in a wild seabird population. This questions the predictive power of relationships built on past observations, when not only the average climatic conditions are changing but the frequency of extreme climatic anomalies is also on the rise. PMID:24489657</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648408','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648408"><span>Regression analysis of mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Liang; Tong, Xinwei; Sun, Jianguo; Chen, Manhua; Srivastava, Deo Kumar; Leisenring, Wendy; Robison, Leslie L</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>In <span class="hlt">event</span> history studies concerning recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span>, two types of data have been extensively discussed. One is recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> data (Cook and Lawless, 2007. The Analysis of Recurrent <span class="hlt">Event</span> Data. New York: Springer), and the other is panel-count data (Zhao and others, 2010. Nonparametric inference based on panel-count data. Test 20: , 1-42). In the former case, all study subjects are monitored continuously; thus, complete information is available for the underlying recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> processes of interest. In the latter case, study subjects are monitored periodically; thus, only incomplete information is available for the processes of interest. In reality, however, a third type of data could <span class="hlt">occur</span> in which some study subjects are monitored continuously, but others are monitored periodically. When this <span class="hlt">occurs</span>, we have mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data. This paper discusses regression analysis of such mixed data and presents two estimation procedures for the problem. One is a maximum likelihood estimation procedure, and the other is an estimating equation procedure. The asymptotic properties of both resulting estimators of regression parameters are established. Also, the methods are applied to a set of mixed recurrent-<span class="hlt">event</span> and panel-count data that arose from a Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and motivated this investigation. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMNH21D..05C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMNH21D..05C"><span>An Overview of the Chelyabinsk Impact <span class="hlt">Event</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chodas, P. W.; Chesley, S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>On February 15, 2013, a small asteroid called 2012 DA14 was about to make a much anticipated extremely close flyby of the Earth, when an even smaller asteroid stole the show by impacting into the Earth's atmosphere near Chelyabinsk, Russia, releasing half a megaton of energy and creating a shock wave that reportedly injured more than a thousand people. The passage of a 40-meter asteroid within the ring of geosynchrounous satellites is rare, calculated to be a once-in-40-year <span class="hlt">event</span>, and yet it was upstaged on the same day by an actual Earth impact of a previously unseen 20-meter asteroid, an <span class="hlt">event</span> expected to <span class="hlt">occur</span> only about once per century, on average. Infrasound-based estimates of the released energy from this impact lie in the range of from 450 to 700 kilotons, making the Chelyabinsk fireball the largest impact <span class="hlt">event</span> since the Tunguska explosion over Siberia in 1908. From the standpoint of acquiring data, it is incredibly fortunate that this impact <span class="hlt">occurred</span> when and where it did, i.e., near a large city, during the morning commute hours, in a country where continuously operating "dash-cams" are ubiquitous, and in an era when videos can quickly be uploaded and viewed worldwide. There are over 400 videos of the <span class="hlt">event</span> or its effects catalogued to date, half of them viewing the fireball directly or showing its lightflash. Some of these were available online within an hour of the <span class="hlt">event</span>, and they enabled a quick scientific assessment of both the size of the fireball and its approximate trajectory. Social media played a <span class="hlt">key</span> role by providing an early alert to scientists and by calling attention to the online videos. Even a cursory examination of the trajectory of the fireball path revealed that the impactor entered at a very shallow entry angle (later determined to be about 17 deg to the horizontal), and that it entered from the general direction of the Sun. It was clear that the east-to-west trajectory of the Chelyabinsk impactor was very different from the south</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-07-09/pdf/2013-16435.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-07-09/pdf/2013-16435.pdf"><span>78 FR 41125 - Interim Enforcement Policy for Permanent Implant Brachytherapy Medical <span class="hlt">Event</span> Reporting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-09</p> <p>... Brachytherapy Medical <span class="hlt">Event</span> Reporting AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Policy statement; revision... medical <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> under an NRC licensee's permanent implant brachytherapy program. This interim..., ``Adequacy of Medical <span class="hlt">Event</span> Definitions in 10 CFR [Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations] 35.3045, and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018sptz.prop14121C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018sptz.prop14121C"><span>Spitzer Parallax Observations of Long Duration Gaia Microlensing <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carey, Sean; Calchi-Novati, Sebastiano; Wyrzykowski, Lukasz; Kruszynska, Katarzyna; Gromadzki, Mariusz; Rybicki, Krzysztof</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We proposed to observe of order ten long duration (>100 day) microlensing <span class="hlt">events</span> identified in Gaia survey data with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The long duration <span class="hlt">events</span> are likely due to massive lenses, hence they could be isolated black holes. These observations could make defintive mass measurements for the first time of isolated stellar remanant black holes in our Galaxy. The Spitzer data provide a <span class="hlt">key</span> component to making an umabiguous mass measurement by providing the microlensing parallax (as has been done for >500 <span class="hlt">event</span> by Spitzer so far). The Gaia data is used for the detection of the <span class="hlt">events</span> and measurement of the astrometric motion caused by the microlensing <span class="hlt">event</span>. From the astrometric microlensing signature, the Einstein radius of the lens can be measured and combined with the microlensing parallax yields the lens mass and distance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=autobiographical+AND+memory&pg=5&id=EJ1008971','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=autobiographical+AND+memory&pg=5&id=EJ1008971"><span>Young Children's Memory for the Times of Personal Past <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pathman, Thanujeni; Larkina, Marina; Burch, Melissa M.; Bauer, Patricia J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Remembering the temporal information associated with personal past <span class="hlt">events</span> is critical for autobiographical memory, yet we know relatively little about the development of this capacity. In the present research, we investigated temporal memory for naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> personal <span class="hlt">events</span> in 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children. Parents recorded unique events…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3751841','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3751841"><span>Determination of Moulting <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Rock Lobsters from Pleopod Clipping</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gardner, Caleb; Mills, David J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Rock lobster growth is routinely measured for research to optimise management measures such as size limits and quotas. The process of estimating growth is complicated in crustaceans as growth only <span class="hlt">occurs</span> when the animal moults. As data are typically collected by tag-recapture methods, the timing of moulting <span class="hlt">events</span> can bias results. For example, if annual moulting <span class="hlt">events</span> take place within a very short time-at-large after tagging, or if time-at-large is long and no moulting <span class="hlt">occurs</span>. Classifying data into cases where moulting has / has not <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during time-at-large can be required and can generally be determined by change in size between release and recapture. However, in old or slow growth individuals the moult increment can be too small to provide surety that moulting has <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. A method that has been used since the 1970’s to determine moulting in rock lobsters involves clipping the distal portion of a pleopod so that any regeneration observed at recapture can be used as evidence of a moult. We examined the use of this method in both tank and long-duration field trials within a marine protected area, which provided access to large animals with smaller growth increments. Our results emphasised that determination of moulting by change in size was unreliable with larger lobsters and that pleopod clipping can assist in identifying moulting <span class="hlt">events</span>. However, regeneration was an unreliable measure of moulting if clipping <span class="hlt">occurred</span> less than three months before the moult. PMID:24009769</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009769','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009769"><span>Determination of moulting <span class="hlt">events</span> in rock lobsters from pleopod clipping.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gardner, Caleb; Mills, David J</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Rock lobster growth is routinely measured for research to optimise management measures such as size limits and quotas. The process of estimating growth is complicated in crustaceans as growth only <span class="hlt">occurs</span> when the animal moults. As data are typically collected by tag-recapture methods, the timing of moulting <span class="hlt">events</span> can bias results. For example, if annual moulting <span class="hlt">events</span> take place within a very short time-at-large after tagging, or if time-at-large is long and no moulting <span class="hlt">occurs</span>. Classifying data into cases where moulting has / has not <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during time-at-large can be required and can generally be determined by change in size between release and recapture. However, in old or slow growth individuals the moult increment can be too small to provide surety that moulting has <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. A method that has been used since the 1970's to determine moulting in rock lobsters involves clipping the distal portion of a pleopod so that any regeneration observed at recapture can be used as evidence of a moult. We examined the use of this method in both tank and long-duration field trials within a marine protected area, which provided access to large animals with smaller growth increments. Our results emphasised that determination of moulting by change in size was unreliable with larger lobsters and that pleopod clipping can assist in identifying moulting <span class="hlt">events</span>. However, regeneration was an unreliable measure of moulting if clipping <span class="hlt">occurred</span> less than three months before the moult.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvA..97d0301C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvA..97d0301C"><span>Decoy-state quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution with more than three types of photon intensity pulses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chau, H. F.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The decoy-state method closes source security loopholes in quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution (QKD) using a laser source. In this method, accurate estimates of the detection rates of vacuum and single-photon <span class="hlt">events</span> plus the error rate of single-photon <span class="hlt">events</span> are needed to give a good enough lower bound of the secret <span class="hlt">key</span> rate. Nonetheless, the current estimation method for these detection and error rates, which uses three types of photon intensities, is accurate up to about 1 % relative error. Here I report an experimentally feasible way that greatly improves these estimates and hence increases the one-way <span class="hlt">key</span> rate of the BB84 QKD protocol with unbiased bases selection by at least 20% on average in realistic settings. The major tricks are the use of more than three types of photon intensities plus the fact that estimating bounds of the above detection and error rates is numerically stable, although these bounds are related to the inversion of a high condition number matrix.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930001003','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930001003"><span>A late Devonian impact <span class="hlt">event</span> and its association with a possible extinction <span class="hlt">event</span> on Eastern Gondwana</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wang, K.; Geldsetzer, H. H. J.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Evidence from South China and Western Australia for a 365-Ma impact <span class="hlt">event</span> in the Lower crepida conodont zone of the Famennian stage of the Late Devonian (about 1.5 Ma after the Frasnian/Famennian extinction <span class="hlt">event</span>) includes microtektitelike glassy microspherules, geochemical anomalies (including a weak Ir), a probable impact crater (greater than 70 k) at Taihu in South China, and an Ir anomaly in Western Australia. A brachiopod faunal turnover in South China, and the 'strangelove ocean'-like c-delta 13 excursions in both Chinese and Australian sections indicate that at least a regional-scale extinction might have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at the time of the impact. A paleoreconstruction shows that South China was very close to and facing Western Australia in the Late Devonian. The carbon isotopic excursions, which <span class="hlt">occur</span> at the same stratigraphic level in both South China and Western Australia cannot be explained as being coincidental. The c-delta 13 excursions and the brachiopod faunal turnover in South China indicate that there might have been at least a regional (possibly global) extinction in the Lower crepida zone. The impact-derived microspherules and geochemical anomalies (especially the Ir) indicate a Lower crepida zone impact <span class="hlt">event</span> on eastern Gondwana. The location, type of target rocks, and possibly age of the Taihu Lake crater qualify as the probable site of this Late Devonian impact.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172048','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172048"><span>Life <span class="hlt">events</span> in schizoaffective disorder: A systematic review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vardaxi, Chrysoula Ch; Gonda, Xenia; Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Life <span class="hlt">events</span> play a central role in the development of psychiatric disorders and impact course and outcome. We present a systematic review of the literature on the relationship of life <span class="hlt">events</span> with the onset and long-term course of schizoaffective disorder. MEDLINE was searched with the combination of the <span class="hlt">key</span> words: 'life <span class="hlt">events</span>' plus 'schizoaffective'. The PRISMA method was followed in the review process. From the identified 66 papers only 12 were considered to be of relevance to the current study and 6 more papers were identified by inspecting the reference lists of the identified papers. There are very few studies focusing on the role of life <span class="hlt">events</span> in schizoaffective disorder indicating insufficient data concerning the relationship of life <span class="hlt">events</span> with onset and long-term course of schizoaffective disorder. Reported effects are not generic but concern specific <span class="hlt">events</span> like the loss of mother, and females seem to be more vulnerable. Patients with schizoaffective disorder manifest high rates of PTSD. The literature on life <span class="hlt">events</span> with the development and course of schizoaffective disorder is limited and precludes solid conclusions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QSRv..173..145W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QSRv..173..145W"><span>Mid-Holocene palaeoflood <span class="hlt">events</span> recorded at the Zhongqiao Neolithic cultural site in the Jianghan Plain, middle Yangtze River Valley, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Li; Zhu, Cheng; Ma, Chunmei; Li, Feng; Meng, Huaping; Liu, Hui; Li, Linying; Wang, Xiaocui; Sun, Wei; Song, Yougui</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Palaeo-hydrological and archaeological investigations were carried out in the Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on a comparative analysis of modern flood sediments and multidisciplinary approaches such as AMS14C and archaeological dating, zircon micromorphology, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and geochemistry, we identified palaeoflood sediments preserved at the Zhongqiao archaeological site. The results indicate that three palaeoflood <span class="hlt">events</span> (i.e. 4800-4597, 4479-4367, and 4168-3850 cal. yr BP) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at the Zhongqiao Site. Comparisons of palaeoflood deposit layers at a number of Neolithic cultural sites show that two extraordinary palaeoflood <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the Jianghan Plain during approximately 4900-4600 cal. yr BP (i.e.mid-late Qujialing cultural period) and 4100-3800 cal. yr BP (i.e. from late Shijiahe cultural period to the Xia Dynasty). Further analysis of the environmental context suggests that these flooding <span class="hlt">events</span> might have been connected with great climate variability during approximately 5000-4500 cal. yr BP and at ca. 4000 cal. yr BP. These two palaeoflood <span class="hlt">events</span> were closely related to the expansion of the Jianghan lakes driven by the climatic change, which in turn influenced the rise and fall of the Neolithic cultures in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Other evidence also suggests that the intensified discrepancy between social development and environmental change processes (especially the hydrological process) during the late Shijiahe cultural period might be the <span class="hlt">key</span> factor causing the collapse of the Shijiahe Culture. The extraordinary floods related to the climatic anomaly at ca. 4000 cal. yr BP and political conflicts from internal or other cultural areas all accelerated the collapse of the Shijiahe Culture.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNG32A..03S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNG32A..03S"><span>Simulation of an Extreme Off Season Rainy <span class="hlt">Event</span> over Senegal Using WRF ARW Model: A focus on dynamic, thermodynamic processes and predictability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sarr, A.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>This study investigates less known weather <span class="hlt">events</span>, Off Season Rain affecting during boreal winter Western parts of Sahel region mainly, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mauritania. They are characterized by cloudy conditions at mid level, which can trigger light long lasting rains. In January 2002, an extreme case <span class="hlt">occurred</span> from 09 to 11th producing unusual heavy rains, which had dramatic consequences on livestock and irrigated crops. The Weather and Research Forecast model (WRF ARW version 3.4) is used to simulate the <span class="hlt">event</span>, which affected the western coast around the land/ocean interface and caused huge damages in Senegal and Mauritania. The model was able to reasonably simulate the <span class="hlt">event</span> and its intensity 2 to 3 days in advance, demonstrating the usefulness of such a tools for early warning system (EWS), which could help mitigate the impacts. The location of the rain band was closer to the observed situation in higher resolution domains. The study showed <span class="hlt">keys</span> dynamic and thermodynamic conditions associated with the <span class="hlt">event</span>. Precipitable water (PW) evolution played a central role on the intensity of the <span class="hlt">event</span>. The deep trough, associated with the disturbance, forced a northeast transport of moisture from the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Ocean towards Senegal and Mauritania.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=time+AND+travel&pg=7&id=EJ697785','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=time+AND+travel&pg=7&id=EJ697785"><span>Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives on Humans' Sense of the Times of Past and Future <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Friedman, W.J.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Mental time travel in human adults includes a sense of when past <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> and future <span class="hlt">events</span> are expected to <span class="hlt">occur</span>. Studies with adults and children reveal that a number of distinct psychological processes contribute to a temporally differentiated sense of the past and future. Adults possess representations of multiple time patterns, and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4698044','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4698044"><span>Endotracheal Intubation in Neonates: A Prospective Study of Adverse Safety <span class="hlt">Events</span> in 162 Infants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hatch, L. Dupree; Grubb, Peter H.; Lea, Amanda S.; Walsh, William F.; Markham, Melinda H.; Whitney, Gina M.; Slaughter, James C.; Stark, Ann R.; Ely, E. Wesley</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Objective To determine the rate of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> associated with endotracheal intubation in newborns and modifiable factors contributing to these <span class="hlt">events</span>. Study design We conducted a prospective, observational study in a 100-bed, academic, level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from September 2013 through June 2014. We collected data on intubations using standardized data collection instruments with validation by medical record review. Intubations in the delivery or operating rooms were excluded. The primary outcome was an intubation with any adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were defined and tracked prospectively as non-severe or severe. We measured clinical variables including number of attempts to successful intubation and intubation urgency (elective, urgent or emergent). We used logistic regression models to estimate the association of these variables with adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. Results During the study period, 304 intubations <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 178 infants. Data were available for 273 intubations (90%) in 162 patients. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 107 (39%) intubations with non-severe and severe <span class="hlt">events</span> in 96 (35%) and 24 (8.8%) intubations, respectively. Increasing number of intubation attempts (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.6–2.6) and emergent intubations (OR 4.7, 95% CI, 1.7– 13) were predictors of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. The primary cause of emergent intubations was unplanned extubation (62%). Conclusion Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> are common in the NICU, <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in 4 of 10 intubations. The odds of an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> doubled with increasing number of attempts and quadrupled in the emergent setting. Quality improvement efforts to address these factors are needed to improve patient safety. PMID:26541424</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061132','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061132"><span>Intense foreshocks and a slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> preceded the 2014 Iquique Mw 8.1 earthquake.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ruiz, S; Metois, M; Fuenzalida, A; Ruiz, J; Leyton, F; Grandin, R; Vigny, C; Madariaga, R; Campos, J</p> <p>2014-09-05</p> <p>The subduction zone in northern Chile is a well-identified seismic gap that last ruptured in 1877. The moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 Iquique earthquake of 1 April 2014 broke a highly coupled portion of this gap. To understand the seismicity preceding this <span class="hlt">event</span>, we studied the location and mechanisms of the foreshocks and computed Global Positioning System (GPS) time series at stations located on shore. Seismicity off the coast of Iquique started to increase in January 2014. After 16 March, several Mw > 6 <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> near the low-coupled zone. These <span class="hlt">events</span> migrated northward for ~50 kilometers until the 1 April earthquake <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. On 16 March, on-shore continuous GPS stations detected a westward motion that we model as a slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> situated in the same area where the mainshock <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3158048','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3158048"><span>An EMT–Driven Alternative Splicing Program <span class="hlt">Occurs</span> in Human Breast Cancer and Modulates Cellular Phenotype</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Flytzanis, Nicholas C.; Balsamo, Michele; Condeelis, John S.; Oktay, Maja H.; Burge, Christopher B.; Gertler, Frank B.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism important for embryonic development, plays a critical role during malignant transformation. While much is known about transcriptional regulation of EMT, alternative splicing of several genes has also been correlated with EMT progression, but the extent of splicing changes and their contributions to the morphological conversion accompanying EMT have not been investigated comprehensively. Using an established cell culture model and RNA–Seq analyses, we determined an alternative splicing signature for EMT. Genes encoding <span class="hlt">key</span> drivers of EMT–dependent changes in cell phenotype, such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling, regulation of cell–cell junction formation, and regulation of cell migration, were enriched among EMT–associated alternatively splicing <span class="hlt">events</span>. Our analysis suggested that most EMT–associated alternative splicing <span class="hlt">events</span> are regulated by one or more members of the RBFOX, MBNL, CELF, hnRNP, or ESRP classes of splicing factors. The EMT alternative splicing signature was confirmed in human breast cancer cell lines, which could be classified into basal and luminal subtypes based exclusively on their EMT–associated splicing pattern. Expression of EMT–associated alternative mRNA transcripts was also observed in primary breast cancer samples, indicating that EMT–dependent splicing changes <span class="hlt">occur</span> commonly in human tumors. The functional significance of EMT–associated alternative splicing was tested by expression of the epithelial-specific splicing factor ESRP1 or by depletion of RBFOX2 in mesenchymal cells, both of which elicited significant changes in cell morphology and motility towards an epithelial phenotype, suggesting that splicing regulation alone can drive critical aspects of EMT–associated phenotypic changes. The molecular description obtained here may aid in the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for analysis of breast cancer progression. PMID:21876675</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MsT.........15S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MsT.........15S"><span>On-Die Sensors for Transient <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Suchak, Mihir Vimal</p> <p></p> <p>Failures caused by transient electromagnetic <span class="hlt">events</span> like Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) are a major concern for embedded systems. The component often failing is an integrated circuit (IC). Determining which IC is affected in a multi-device system is a challenging task. Debugging errors often requires sophisticated lab setups which require intentionally disturbing and probing various parts of the system which might not be easily accessible. Opening the system and adding probes may change its response to the transient <span class="hlt">event</span>, which further compounds the problem. On-die transient <span class="hlt">event</span> sensors were developed that require relatively little area on die, making them inexpensive, they consume negligible static current, and do not interfere with normal operation of the IC. These circuits can be used to determine the pin involved and the level of the <span class="hlt">event</span> in the <span class="hlt">event</span> of a transient <span class="hlt">event</span> affecting the IC, thus allowing the user to debug system-level transient <span class="hlt">events</span> without modifying the system. The circuit and detection scheme design has been completed and verified in simulations with Cadence Virtuoso environment. Simulations accounted for the impact of the ESD protection circuits, parasitics from the I/O pin, package and I/O ring, and included a model of an ESD gun to test the circuit's response to an ESD pulse as specified in IEC 61000-4-2. Multiple detection schemes are proposed. The final detection scheme consists of an <span class="hlt">event</span> detector and a level sensor. The <span class="hlt">event</span> detector latches on the presence of an <span class="hlt">event</span> at a pad, to determine on which pin an <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. The level sensor generates current proportional to the level of the <span class="hlt">event</span>. This current is converted to a voltage and digitized at the A/D converter to be read by the microprocessor. Detection scheme shows good performance in simulations when checked against process variations and different kind of <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..163D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..163D"><span>Changes in record-breaking temperature <span class="hlt">events</span> in China and projections for the future</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deng, Hanqing; Liu, Chun; Lu, Yanyu; He, Dongyan; Tian, Hong</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>As global warming intensifies, more record-breaking (RB) temperature <span class="hlt">events</span> are reported in many places around the world where temperatures are higher than ever before http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=.&FORM=BDVSP6&mkt=zh-cn. The RB temperatures have caused severe impacts on ecosystems and human society. Here, we address changes in RB temperature <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> over China in the past (1961-2014) as well as future projections (2006-2100) using observational data and the newly available simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The number of RB <span class="hlt">events</span> has a significant multi-decadal variability in China, and the intensity expresses a strong decrease from 1961 to 2014. However, more frequent RB <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in mid-eastern and northeastern China over last 30 years (1981-2010). Comparisons with observational data indicate multi-model ensemble (MME) simulations from the CMIP5 model perform well in simulating RB <span class="hlt">events</span> for the historical run period (1961-2005). CMIP5 MME shows a relatively larger uncertainty for the change in intensity. From 2051 to 2100, fewer RB <span class="hlt">events</span> are projected to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in most parts of China according to RCP 2.6 scenarios. Over the longer period from 2006 to 2100, a remarkable increase is expected for the entire country according to RCP 8.5 scenarios and the maximum numbers of RB <span class="hlt">events</span> increase by approximately 600 per year at end of twenty-first century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JGR....9214463W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JGR....9214463W"><span>An alluvial record of El Niño <span class="hlt">events</span> from northern coastal Peru</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wells, Lisa E.</p> <p>1987-12-01</p> <p>Overbank flood deposits of northern coastal Peru provide the potential for the development of a late Quaternary chronology of El Niño <span class="hlt">events</span>. Alluvial deposits from the 1982-1983 El Niño <span class="hlt">event</span> are the basis for establishing a type El Niño deposit. Sedimentary structures suggesting depositional processes range from sheet flows to debris flows, with sheet flood deposits being the most common. The 1982-1983 deposits are characterized by a 50- to 100-cm- thick basal gravel, overlain by a 10- to 100-cm-thick sand bed, grading into a 1- to 10-cm-thick silty sand bed and capped by a very thin layer of silt or clay. The surface of the deposit commonly displays the original shear flow lines crosscut by postdepositional mud cracks and footprints (human and animal). Stacked sequences of flood deposits are present in Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial fill, suggesting that El Niño type <span class="hlt">events</span> likely <span class="hlt">occurred</span> throughout the late Quaternary. A relative chronology of the deposits is developed based on terrace and soil stratigraphy and on the degree of preservation of surficial features. A minimum of 15 El Niño <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during the Holocene; a minimum of 21 <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during the late Pleistocene. Timing of the Holocene <span class="hlt">events</span> is bracketed by isochrons derived from the archaeologic stratigraphy. Corrected radiocarbon ages from included detrital wood provide the following absolute dates for El Niño <span class="hlt">events</span>: 1720 ± 60 A.D., 1460 ± 20 A.D., 1380 ± 140 A.D. (error overlaps with the A.D. 1460 <span class="hlt">event</span>; these may represent a single <span class="hlt">event</span>), and 1230 ± 60 B.C.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869660','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/869660"><span>Elastomeric optical fiber sensors and method for detecting and measuring <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in elastic materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Muhs, Jeffrey D.; Capps, Gary J.; Smith, David B.; White, Clifford P.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Fiber optic sensing means for the detection and measurement of <span class="hlt">events</span> such as dynamic loadings imposed upon elastic materials including cementitious materials, elastomers, and animal body components and/or the attrition of such elastic materials are provided. One or more optical fibers each having a deformable core and cladding formed of an elastomeric material such as silicone rubber are embedded in the elastic material. Changes in light transmission through any of the optical fibers due the deformation of the optical fiber by the application of dynamic loads such as compression, tension, or bending loadings imposed on the elastic material or by the attrition of the elastic material such as by cracking, deterioration, aggregate break-up, and muscle, tendon, or organ atrophy provide a measurement of the dynamic loadings and attrition. The fiber optic sensors can be embedded in elastomers subject to dynamic loadings and attrition such as commonly used automobiles and in shoes for determining the amount and frequency of the dynamic loadings and the extent of attrition. The fiber optic sensors are also useable in cementitious material for determining the maturation thereof.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29755140"><span>Resilience in carbonate production despite three coral bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span> in 5 years on an inshore patch reef in the Florida <span class="hlt">Keys</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Manzello, Derek P; Enochs, Ian C; Kolodziej, Graham; Carlton, Renée; Valentino, Lauren</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO 3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO 3 production, but this varies with bleaching severity and the species impacted. We conducted census-based CaCO 3 budget surveys using the established ReefBudget approach at Cheeca Rocks, an inshore patch reef in the Florida <span class="hlt">Keys</span>, annually from 2012 to 2016. This site experienced warm-water bleaching in 2011, 2014, and 2015. In 2017, we obtained cores of the dominant calcifying coral at this site, Orbicella faveolata , to understand how calcification rates were impacted by bleaching and how they affected the reef-wide CaCO 3 budget. Bleaching depressed O. faveolata growth and the decline of this one species led to an overestimation of mean (± std. error) reef-wide CaCO 3 production by + 0.68 (± 0.167) to + 1.11 (± 0.236) kg m -2  year -1 when using the static ReefBudget coral growth inputs. During non-bleaching years, the ReefBudget inputs slightly underestimated gross production by - 0.10 (± 0.022) to - 0.43 (± 0.100) kg m -2  year -1 . Carbonate production declined after the first year of back-to-back bleaching in 2014, but then increased after 2015 to values greater than the initial surveys in 2012. Cheeca Rocks is an outlier in the Caribbean and Florida <span class="hlt">Keys</span> in terms of coral cover, carbonate production, and abundance of O. faveolata , which is threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Given the resilience of this site to repeated bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span>, it may deserve special management attention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950053477&hterms=future+orientation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dfuture%2Borientation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950053477&hterms=future+orientation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dfuture%2Borientation"><span>Interplanetary magnetic field orientation for transient <span class="hlt">events</span> in the outer magnetosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sibeck, D. G.; Newell, P. T.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>It is generally believed that flux transfer <span class="hlt">events</span> (FTEs) in the outer dayside magneosphere, usually identified by transient (approximately 1 min) bipolar magneitc field perturbations in the direction normal to the nominal magnetopause, <span class="hlt">occur</span> when the magnetosheath magetic field has a southward component. We compare the results of three methods for determining the magnetosheath magnetic field orientationat the times of previously identified UKS/IRM <span class="hlt">events</span>: (1) the average magnetosheath magnetic field orientation in the 30-min period adjacent to the nearest magnetopause crossing, (2) the magnetosheath magnetic field orientation observed just outside the magnetopause, and (3) the lagged interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation at the time of the transient <span class="hlt">events</span>. Whereas the results of method 2 indicate that the <span class="hlt">events</span> tend to <span class="hlt">occur</span> for a southward magnetosheath magnetic field, the results of methods 1 and 3 show no such tnedency. The fact that the three methods yield significantly diffeent results emphasizes the need for caution in future studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407328','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407328"><span>Distinctiveness enhances long-term <span class="hlt">event</span> memory in non-human primates, irrespective of reinforcement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lewis, Amy; Call, Josep; Berntsen, Dorthe</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Non-human primates are capable of recalling <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> as long as 3 years ago, and are able to distinguish between similar <span class="hlt">events</span>; akin to human memory. In humans, distinctiveness enhances memory for <span class="hlt">events</span>, however, it is unknown whether the same <span class="hlt">occurs</span> in non-human primates. As such, we tested three great ape species on their ability to remember an <span class="hlt">event</span> that varied in distinctiveness. Across three experiments, apes witnessed a baiting <span class="hlt">event</span> in which one of three identical containers was baited with food. After a delay of 2 weeks, we tested their memory for the location of the baited container. Apes failed to recall the baited container when the <span class="hlt">event</span> was undistinctive (Experiment 1), but were successful when it was distinctive (Experiment 2), although performance was equally good in a less-distinctive condition. A third experiment (Experiment 3) confirmed that distinctiveness, independent of reinforcement, was a consistent predictor of performance. These findings suggest that distinctiveness may enhance memory for <span class="hlt">events</span> in non-human primates in the same way as in humans, and provides further evidence of basic similarities between the ways apes and humans remember past <span class="hlt">events</span>. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4642081','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4642081"><span>Optimizing graph-based patterns to extract biomedical <span class="hlt">events</span> from the literature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In BioNLP-ST 2013 We participated in the BioNLP 2013 shared tasks on <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction. Our extraction method is based on the search for an approximate subgraph isomorphism between <span class="hlt">key</span> context dependencies of <span class="hlt">events</span> and graphs of input sentences. Our system was able to address both the GENIA (GE) task focusing on 13 molecular biology related <span class="hlt">event</span> types and the Cancer Genetics (CG) task targeting a challenging group of 40 cancer biology related <span class="hlt">event</span> types with varying arguments concerning 18 kinds of biological entities. In addition to adapting our system to the two tasks, we also attempted to integrate semantics into the graph matching scheme using a distributional similarity model for more <span class="hlt">events</span>, and evaluated the <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction impact of using paths of all possible lengths as <span class="hlt">key</span> context dependencies beyond using only the shortest paths in our system. We achieved a 46.38% F-score in the CG task (ranking 3rd) and a 48.93% F-score in the GE task (ranking 4th). After BioNLP-ST 2013 We explored three ways to further extend our <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction system in our previously published work: (1) We allow non-essential nodes to be skipped, and incorporated a node skipping penalty into the subgraph distance function of our approximate subgraph matching algorithm. (2) Instead of assigning a unified subgraph distance threshold to all patterns of an <span class="hlt">event</span> type, we learned a customized threshold for each pattern. (3) We implemented the well-known Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) principle to optimize the <span class="hlt">event</span> pattern set by balancing prediction errors on training data against regularization. When evaluated on the official GE task test data, these extensions help to improve the extraction precision from 62% to 65%. However, the overall F-score stays equivalent to the previous performance due to a 1% drop in recall. PMID:26551594</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdAtS..35..580J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdAtS..35..580J"><span>Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Extreme Rainfall <span class="hlt">Events</span> over Hainan Island</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Xianling; Ren, Fumin; Li, Yunjie; Qiu, Wenyu; Ma, Zhuguo; Cai, Qinbo</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) extreme rainfall <span class="hlt">events</span> over Hainan Island from 1969 to 2014 are analyzed from the viewpoint of the TC maximum daily rainfall (TMDR) using daily station precipitation data from the Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration, TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The frequencies of the TMDR reaching 50, 100 and 250 mm show a decreasing trend [-0.7 (10 yr)-1], a weak decreasing trend [-0.2 (10 yr)-1] and a weak increasing trend [0.1 (10 yr)-1], respectively. For seasonal variations, the TMDR of all intensity grades mainly <span class="hlt">occurs</span> from July to October, with the frequencies of TMDR - 50 mm and - 100 mm peaking in September and the frequency of TMDR - 250 mm [TC extreme rainstorm (TCER) <span class="hlt">events</span>] peaking in August and September. The western region (Changjiang) of the Island is always the rainfall center, independent of the intensity or frequencies of different intensity grades. The causes of TCERs are also explored and the results show that topography plays a <span class="hlt">key</span> role in the characteristics of the rainfall <span class="hlt">events</span>. TCERs are easily induced on the windward slopes of Wuzhi Mountain, with the coordination of TC tracks and TC wind structure. A slower speed of movement, a stronger TC intensity and a farther westward track are all conducive to extreme rainfall <span class="hlt">events</span>. A weaker northwestern Pacific subtropical high is likely to make the 500-hPa steering flow weaker and results in slower TC movement, whereas a stronger South China Sea summer monsoon can carry a higher moisture flux. These two environmental factors are both favorable for TCERs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=highscope&pg=5&id=ED480534','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=highscope&pg=5&id=ED480534"><span>High/Scope Preschool <span class="hlt">Key</span> Experiences: Language and Literacy. [with]Curriculum Videotape.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brinkman, Nancy A.</p> <p></p> <p>During the preschool years, children experience great strides in their ability to use language. This booklet and companion videotape help teachers and parents recognize and support six High/Scope <span class="hlt">key</span> experiences in language and literacy: (1) talking with others about personally meaningful experiences; (2) describing objects, <span class="hlt">events</span>, and relations;…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T21F..01I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.T21F..01I"><span>Episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Japan subduction zone before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ito, Y.; Hino, R.; Kido, M.; Fujimoto, H.; Osada, Y.; Inazu, D.; Ohta, Y.; Iinuma, T.; Ohzono, M.; Mishina, M.; Miura, S.; Suzuki, K.; Tsuji, T.; Ashi, J.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>We describe two transient slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The first transient crustal deformation, which <span class="hlt">occurred</span> over a period of a week in November 2008, was recorded simultaneously using ocean-bottom pressure gauges and an on-shore volumetric strainmeter; this deformation has been interpreted as being an M6.8 episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span>. The second had a duration exceeding 1 month and was observed in February 2011, just before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake; the moment magnitude of this <span class="hlt">event</span> reached 7.0. The two <span class="hlt">events</span> preceded interplate earthquakes of magnitudes M6.1 (December 2008) and M7.3 (March 9, 2011), respectively; the latter is the largest foreshock of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Our findings indicate that these slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> induced increases in shear stress, which in turn triggered the interplate earthquakes. The slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> source area on the fault is also located within the downdip portion of the huge-coseismic-slip area of the 2011 earthquake. This demonstrates episodic slow slip and seismic behavior <span class="hlt">occurring</span> on the same portions of the megathrust fault, suggesting that the faults undergo slip in slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> can also rupture seismically.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Tectp.600...14I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Tectp.600...14I"><span>Episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Japan subduction zone before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ito, Yoshihiro; Hino, Ryota; Kido, Motoyuki; Fujimoto, Hiromi; Osada, Yukihito; Inazu, Daisuke; Ohta, Yusaku; Iinuma, Takeshi; Ohzono, Mako; Miura, Satoshi; Mishina, Masaaki; Suzuki, Kensuke; Tsuji, Takeshi; Ashi, Juichiro</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>We describe two transient slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The first transient crustal deformation, which <span class="hlt">occurred</span> over a period of a week in November 2008, was recorded simultaneously using ocean-bottom pressure gauges and an on-shore volumetric strainmeter; this deformation has been interpreted as being an M6.8 episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span>. The second had a duration exceeding 1 month and was observed in February 2011, just before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake; the moment magnitude of this <span class="hlt">event</span> reached 7.0. The two <span class="hlt">events</span> preceded interplate earthquakes of magnitudes M6.1 (December 2008) and M7.3 (March 9, 2011), respectively; the latter is the largest foreshock of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Our findings indicate that these slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> induced increases in shear stress, which in turn triggered the interplate earthquakes. The slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> source area on the fault is also located within the downdip portion of the huge-coseismic-slip area of the 2011 earthquake. This demonstrates episodic slow slip and seismic behavior <span class="hlt">occurring</span> on the same portions of the megathrust fault, suggesting that the faults undergo slip in slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> can also rupture seismically.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284923','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284923"><span>Parallel <span class="hlt">Key</span> Frame Extraction for Surveillance Video Service in a Smart City.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zheng, Ran; Yao, Chuanwei; Jin, Hai; Zhu, Lei; Zhang, Qin; Deng, Wei</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Surveillance video service (SVS) is one of the most important services provided in a smart city. It is very important for the utilization of SVS to provide design efficient surveillance video analysis techniques. <span class="hlt">Key</span> frame extraction is a simple yet effective technique to achieve this goal. In surveillance video applications, <span class="hlt">key</span> frames are typically used to summarize important video content. It is very important and essential to extract <span class="hlt">key</span> frames accurately and efficiently. A novel approach is proposed to extract <span class="hlt">key</span> frames from traffic surveillance videos based on GPU (graphics processing units) to ensure high efficiency and accuracy. For the determination of <span class="hlt">key</span> frames, motion is a more salient feature in presenting actions or <span class="hlt">events</span>, especially in surveillance videos. The motion feature is extracted in GPU to reduce running time. It is also smoothed to reduce noise, and the frames with local maxima of motion information are selected as the final <span class="hlt">key</span> frames. The experimental results show that this approach can extract <span class="hlt">key</span> frames more accurately and efficiently compared with several other methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290792"><span>The 2014 coral bleaching and freshwater flood <span class="hlt">events</span> in Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bahr, Keisha D; Jokiel, Paul L; Rodgers, Kuʻulei S</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Until recently, subtropical Hawai'i escaped the major bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span> that have devastated many tropical regions, but the continued increases in global long-term mean temperatures and the apparent ending of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) cool phase have increased the risk of bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span>. Climate models and observations predict that bleaching in Hawai'i will <span class="hlt">occur</span> with increasing frequency and increasing severity over future decades. A freshwater "kill" <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during July 2014 in the northern part of Kāne'ohe Bay that reduced coral cover by 22.5% in the area directly impacted by flooding. A subsequent major bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> during September 2014 caused extensive coral bleaching and mortality throughout the bay and further reduced coral cover in the freshwater kill area by 60.0%. The high temperature bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> only caused a 1.0% reduction in live coral throughout the portion of the bay not directly impacted by the freshwater <span class="hlt">event</span>. Thus, the combined impact of the low salinity <span class="hlt">event</span> and the thermal bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> appears to be more than simply additive. The temperature regime during the September 2014 bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> was analogous in duration and intensity to that of the large bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> previously during August 1996, but resulted in a much larger area of bleaching and coral mortality. Apparently seasonal timing as well as duration and magnitude of heating is important. Coral spawning in the dominant coral species <span class="hlt">occurs</span> early in the summer, so reservoirs of stored lipid in the corals had been depleted by spawning prior to the September 2014 <span class="hlt">event</span>. Warm months above 27 °C result in lower coral growth and presumably could further decrease lipid reserves, leading to a bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> that was more severe than would have happened if the high temperatures <span class="hlt">occurred</span> earlier in the summer. Hawaiian reef corals decrease skeletal growth at temperatures above 27 °C, so perhaps the "stress period" actually started long before the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17007898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17007898"><span>The psychophysical law of speed estimation in Michotte's causal <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Parovel, Giulia; Casco, Clara</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>Observers saw an <span class="hlt">event</span> in which a computer-animated square moved up to and made contact with another, which after a short delay moved off, its motion appearing to be caused by launch by the first square. Observers chose whether the second (launched) square was faster in this causal <span class="hlt">event</span> than when presented following a long delay (non-causal <span class="hlt">event</span>). The speed of the second object in causal <span class="hlt">events</span> was overestimated for a wide range of speeds of the first object (launcher), but accurately assessed in non-causal <span class="hlt">events</span>. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that overestimation <span class="hlt">occurred</span> also in other causal displays in which the trajectories were overlapping, successive, spatially separated or inverted but did not <span class="hlt">occurred</span> with consecutive speeds that did not produce causal percepts. We also found that if the first object in a causal <span class="hlt">event</span> was faster, then Weber's law holds and overestimation of the launched object speed was proportional to the speed of the launcher. In contrast, if the second object was faster, overestimation was constant, i.e. independent of the launcher. We propose that the particular speed integration of causal display results in overestimation and that the way overestimation depends on V1 phenomenally affects the attribution of the source of V2 motion: either in V1 (in launching) or in V2 (in triggering).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B44A..03G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B44A..03G"><span>Thermotolerance and Photosystem II Behaviour in Co-<span class="hlt">occuring</span> Temperate Tree Species Exposed to Short-term Extreme Heat Waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guha, A.; Warren, J.; Cummings, C.; Han, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Thermal stress can induce irreversible photodamage with longer consequences for plant metabolism. We focused on photosystem II (PSII) behaviour to understand how this complex responds in different co-<span class="hlt">occuring</span> temperate trees exposed to short-term extreme heat waves. The study was designed for understanding complex heat tolerance mechanisms in trees. During manipulative heat-wave experiments, we monitored instantaneous PSII performance and tracked both transient and chronic PSII damages using chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics. Fluorescence signals were used to simulate PSII bioenergetic processes. The light (Fv'/Fm') and dark-adapted (Fv/Fm) fluorescence traits including fast induction kinetics (OJIP), electron transport rate, PSII operating efficiency and quenching capacities were significantly affected by the heat treatments. Loss in PSII efficiency was more apparent in species like black cottonwood, yellow poplar, walnuts and conifers, whereas oaks maintained relatively better PSII functions. The post-heat recovery of Fv/Fm varied across the studied species showing differential carry over effects. PSII down-regulation was one of dominant factors for the loss in operational photosynthesis during extreme heat wave <span class="hlt">events</span>. Both light and dark-adapted fluorescence characteristics showed loss in photo-regulatory functions and photodamage. Some resilient species showed rapid recovery from transient PSII damage, whereas fingerprints of chronic PSII damage were observed in susceptibles. Thresholds for Fv/Fm and non-photochemical quenching were identified for the studied species. PSII malfunctioning was largely associated with the observed photosynthetic down-regulation during heat wave treatments, however, its physiological recovery should be a <span class="hlt">key</span> factor to determine species resilience to short-term extreme heat wave <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25442954','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25442954"><span>Consent, common adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, and post-adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> actions in endoscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adler, Douglas G</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Endoscopy constitutes a wide range of procedures with many indications. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and enteroscopy comprise the most commonly performed procedures. These examinations all carry risk to the patient, and incumbent in this is some legal risk with regard to how the procedure is conducted, decisions made based on the intraprocedure findings, and the postprocedure results, in addition to <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> following the procedure. This article provides an overview of consent and complications of endoscopy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910016612&hterms=Total+Care&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DTotal%2BCare','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910016612&hterms=Total+Care&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DTotal%2BCare"><span>The role of polar stratospheric clouds on total ozone minihole <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sabutis, Joseph L.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Using seven years of data from tha SAM 2 (Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement 2) and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) instruments, along with 70 mbar temperatures extracted from an NMC analysis, the effect of the austral spring polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) on the formation of total ozone miniholes is investigated. A total ozone minihole <span class="hlt">event</span> is designated as the rapid decrease of more than 20 DU of total ozone over a time period of a day and a spatial extent of approximately 1000 by 1000 km. The severe decrease of total ozone during these minihole <span class="hlt">events</span> could be explained in part by PSC being formed at altitudes of 10 to 24 km and preventing scattered UV radiation from ozone below the cloud from reaching the TOMS instrument. A result of the cloud's opaqueness is that the total ozone retrieval from TOMS data would underestimate the ozone column in the vicinity of the PSC. The approach to investigate the effect of PSC on total ozone was to use SAM 2 aerosol extinction values in conjunction with NMC stratospheric temperatures to determine if PSC are present during total ozone minihole <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> during August and September, 1979 to 1986. The minihole <span class="hlt">events</span> during these seven years were divided into two types: type 1, where the minihole region of 24 hour darkness from regions exposed to sunlight, and type 2, where the minihole <span class="hlt">occurred</span> 5 to 10 degrees north of the terminator. The presence of PSC in a given region was ascertained by a maximum aerosol extinction greater than .006/km <span class="hlt">occurring</span> with a temperature less than 189 K. It is found that PSC are consistently present with type 2 minihole <span class="hlt">events</span>. This is contrasted with PSC rarely <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the same vicinity of type 2 miniholes. Also observed of that type 1 minihole <span class="hlt">events</span> have minimum total ozone values which are on the average 3 to 10 DU smaller than type 2 miniholes. It can be concluded that care must be taken when trying to deduce a dynamical explanation of minihole <span class="hlt">events</span> near the polar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP44A..03Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPP44A..03Z"><span>Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> simulated across the glacial</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ziemen, F. A.; Mikolajewicz, U.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> are among the most prominent climate change <span class="hlt">events</span> recorded in proxies across the northern hemisphere. They are the archetype of ice sheet — climate interactions on millennial time scales. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms that cause Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> are still under discussion, and their climatic consequences are far from being fully understood. We contribute to answering the open questions by studying Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> in a coupled ice sheet model (ISM) atmosphere-ocean-vegetation general circulation model (AOVGCM) framework, where this variability <span class="hlt">occurs</span> as part of the model generated internal variability. The setup consists of a northern hemisphere setup of the modified Parallel Ice Sheet Model (mPISM) coupled to the global AOVGCM ECHAM5/MPIOM/LPJ. The simulations were performed fully coupled and with transient orbital and greenhouse gas forcing. They span from several millennia before the last glacial maximum into the deglaciation. We analyze simulations where the ISM is coupled asynchronously to the AOVGCM and simulations where the ISM and the ocean model are coupled synchronously and the atmosphere model is coupled asynchronously to them. The modeled Heinrich <span class="hlt">events</span> show a marked influence of the ice discharge on the Atlantic circulation and heat transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297488','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297488"><span>Sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span> predicting later unwanted sex among girls: A national survey in Haiti, 2012.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sumner, Steven A; Marcelin, Louis H; Cela, Toni; Mercy, James A; Lea, Veronica; Kress, Howard; Hillis, Susan D</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Sexual violence against children is a significant global public health problem, yet limited studies exist from low-resource settings. In Haiti we conducted the country's first, nationally representative survey focused on childhood violence to help inform the development of a national action plan for violence against children. The Haiti Violence Against Children Survey was a household-level, multistage, cluster survey among youth age 13-24. In this analysis we sought to determine whether sexual violence sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span> (unwanted sexual touching or unwanted attempted sex) were predictive of later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex in Haiti. We also sought to explore characteristics of sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span> and help-seeking behavior among Haitian children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span> and later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex. Overall, 1,457 females reported on experiences of sexual violence <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in childhood (before age 18). A sentinel <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 40.4% of females who experienced subsequent unwanted completed sex. Females experiencing a sentinel <span class="hlt">event</span> were approximately two and a half times more likely to experience later unwanted completed sex (adjusted odds ratio=2.40, p=.004) compared to individuals who did not experience a sentinel <span class="hlt">event</span>. The mean lag time from first sentinel <span class="hlt">event</span> to first unwanted completed sex was 2.3 years. Only half (54.6%) of children experiencing a sentinel <span class="hlt">event</span> told someone about their experience of sexual violence. Among children, sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> frequently before later acts of completed unwanted sex and may represent a useful point of intervention. Reporting of sexual violence by children in Haiti is low and can be improved to better act on sentinel <span class="hlt">events</span>. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/36190','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/36190"><span>Community Connections for I-10: A TPCB Peer Exchange <span class="hlt">Event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2018-03-13</p> <p>This report highlights <span class="hlt">key</span> recommendations and noteworthy practices identified at Community Connections for I-10 held on March 13-14, 2018 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. This <span class="hlt">event</span> was sponsored by the Transportation Planning Capacity Building (TPC...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179956','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179956"><span>Nonurgent commercial air travel after acute coronary syndrome: a review of 288 patient <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pearce, Emily; Haffner, Faith; Brady, Lauren B; Sochor, Mark; Duchateau, Francois X; O'Connor, Robert E; Verner, Laurent; Brady, William J</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We studied a population of individuals who experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) <span class="hlt">event</span> while traveling abroad and required nonurgent commercial air travel to the home region. This retrospective study gathered data from 288 patients enrolled in a travel-based medical assistance program. Interventions, complications, and travel home were assessed for trends. Descriptive and comparison statistical analyses were performed. Two hundred eighty-eight patients were identified and entered into the review. Of the patients in this study, 77.1% were male with an average age of 67.7 years. One hundred sixteen (40.3%) patients were diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris (USAP), whereas the remaining 172 (59.7%) patients experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Regarding inpatient complications during the initial admission, 121 (42.0%) patients experienced 1 or more adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>. The average number of days after an ACS <span class="hlt">event</span> that a patient began to travel home was 10.5 days for the entire patient population (USAP patients = 8.8 days, AMI patients = 11.8 days). Two hundred twenty (76.4%) patients traveled with a medical escort, and 48 (16.7%) patients received supplemental oxygen during air travel. Four (1.4%) in-flight adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the following ACS diagnostic groups: 2 in the complicated AMI group, 1 in the uncomplicated USAP group, and 1 in the uncomplicated AMI group. No in-flight deaths <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Nine (3.1%) deaths were noted within 2 weeks after returning to the home region. The deaths after returning to the home region <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the following ACS diagnostic groups: 2 in the complicated USAP group, 1 in the uncomplicated USAP group, and 6 in the complicated AMI group. None of the patients who experienced in-flight <span class="hlt">events</span> died after returning to their home region. Upon discharge, the vast majority of ACS patients who travel to their home region via commercial air do not experience adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in-flight; when such adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3340111','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3340111"><span>Uncovering undetected hypoglycemic <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Unger, Jeff</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Hypoglycemia is the rate-limiting factor that often prevents patients with diabetes from safely and effectively achieving their glycemic goals. Recent studies have reported that severe hypoglycemia is associated with a significant increase in the adjusted risks of major macrovascular <span class="hlt">events</span>, major microvascular <span class="hlt">events</span>, and mortality. Minor hypoglycemic episodes can also have serious implications for patient health, psychological well being, and adherence to treatment regimens. Hypoglycemic <span class="hlt">events</span> can impact the health economics of the patient, their employer, and third-party payers. Insulin treatment is a <span class="hlt">key</span> predictor of hypoglycemia, with one large population-based study reporting an overall prevalence of 7.1% (type 1 diabetes mellitus) and 7.3% (type 2 diabetes mellitus) in insulin-treated patients, compared with 0.8% in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an oral sulfonylurea. Patients with type 1 diabetes typically experience symptomatic hypoglycemia on average twice weekly and severe hypoglycemia once annually. The progressive loss of islet cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes results in a higher risk of both symptomatic and unrecognized hypoglycemia over time. Patients with diabetes who become hypoglycemic are also more susceptible to developing defective counter-regulation, also known as hypoglycemia awareness autonomic failure, which is life-threatening and must be aggressively addressed. In patients unable to recognize hypoglycemia symptoms, frequent home monitoring or use of continuous glucose sensors are critical. Primary care physicians play a <span class="hlt">key</span> role in the prevention and management of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, particularly in those requiring intensive insulin therapy, yet physicians are often unaware of the multitude of consequences of hypoglycemia or how to deal with them. Careful monitoring, adherence to guidelines, and use of optimal treatment combinations are all important steps toward improving care in patients</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29895399','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29895399"><span>A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Thrombotic <span class="hlt">Events</span> Following Endovenous Thermal Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Healy, Donagh A; Kimura, Shiori; Power, David; Elhaj, Abubaker; Abdeldaim, Yasser; Cross, Keith S; McGreal, Gerard T; Burke, Paul E; Moloney, Tony; Manning, Brian J; Kavanagh, Eamon G</p> <p>2018-06-09</p> <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the incidence of thrombotic <span class="hlt">events</span> following great saphenous vein (GSV) endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA). MEDLINE, Embase and conference abstracts were searched. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials and case series that included at least 100 patients who underwent GSV EVTA (laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation [RFA]) with duplex ultrasound (DUS) within 30 days. The systematic review focused on the complications of endovenous heat induced thrombosis (EHIT), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was deep venous thrombotic <span class="hlt">events</span> which were defined as DVT or EHIT Type 2, 3, or 4. Secondary outcomes for the meta-analysis were EHIT Type 2, 3, or 4, DVT and PE. Subgroup analyses were performed for both the RFA and EVLA groups. Pooled proportions were calculated using random effects modelling. Fifty-two studies (16,398 patients) were included. Thrombotic complications <span class="hlt">occurred</span> infrequently. Deep venous thrombotic <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 1.7% of cases (95% CI 0.9-2.7%) (25 studies; 10,012 patients; 274 <span class="hlt">events</span>). EHIT Type 2, 3, or 4 <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 1.4% of cases (95% CI 0.8-2.3%) (26 studies; 10,225 patients; 249 <span class="hlt">events</span>). DVT <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 0.3% of cases (95% CI = 0.2%-0.5%) (49 studies; 15,676 patients; 48 <span class="hlt">events</span>). PE <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 0.1% of cases (95% CI = 0.1-0.2%) (29 studies; 8223 patients; 3 <span class="hlt">events</span>). Similar results were found when the RFA and EVLA groups were analysed separately. Thrombotic <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> infrequently following GSV EVTA. Given the large numbers of procedures worldwide and the potential for serious consequences, further research is needed on the burden of these complications and their management. Copyright © 2018 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=advanced+AND+functions&pg=4&id=EJ823119','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=advanced+AND+functions&pg=4&id=EJ823119"><span>Estimating the Probability of Negative <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Harris, Adam J. L.; Corner, Adam; Hahn, Ulrike</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>How well we are attuned to the statistics of our environment is a fundamental question in understanding human behaviour. It seems particularly important to be able to provide accurate assessments of the probability with which negative <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> so as to guide rational choice of preventative actions. One question that arises here is whether or…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H53D1473V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H53D1473V"><span>Reconstructing the 2015 Flash Flood <span class="hlt">event</span> of Salgar Colombia, The Case of a Poor Gauged Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Velasquez, N.; Zapata, E.; Hoyos Ortiz, C. D.; Velez, J. I.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Flash floods <span class="hlt">events</span> associated with severe precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> are highly destructive, often resulting in significant human and economic losses. Due to their nature, flash floods trend to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in medium to small basins located within complex high mountainous regions. In the Colombian Andean region these basins are very common, with the aggravating factor that the vulnerability is considerably high as some important human settlements are located within these basins, frequently occupating flood plains and other flash-flood prone areas. During the dawn of May 18 of 2015 two severe rainfall <span class="hlt">events</span> generated a flash flood <span class="hlt">event</span> in the municipality ofSalgar, La Liboriana basin, locatedin the northwestern Colombian Andes, resulting in more than 100 human casualties and significant economic losses. The present work is a reconstruction of the hydrological processes that took place before and during the Liboriana flash flood <span class="hlt">event</span>, analyzed as a case of poorly gauged basin.The <span class="hlt">event</span> conditions where recreated based on radar retrievals and a hydrological distributed model, linked with a proposed 1D hydraulic model and simple shallow landslide model. Results suggest that the flash flood <span class="hlt">event</span> was caused by the occurrence of two successive severe convective <span class="hlt">events</span> over the same basin, with an important modulation associated with soil characteristics and water storage.Despite of its simplicity, the proposed hydraulic model achieves a good representation of the flooded area during the <span class="hlt">event</span>, with limitations due to the adopted spatial scale (12.7 meters, from ALOS PALSAR images). Observed landslides were obtained from satellite images; for this case the model simulates skillfully the landslide occurrence regions with small differences in the exact locations.To understand this case, radar data shows to be <span class="hlt">key</span> due to specific convective cores location and rainfall intensity estimation.In mountainous regions, there exists a significant number of settlements with similar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333387"><span>Glial activation and post-synaptic neurotoxicity: the <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> in Streptozotocin (ICV) induced memory impairment in rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rai, Shivika; Kamat, Pradeep K; Nath, Chandishwar; Shukla, Rakesh</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>In the present study the role of glial activation and post synaptic toxicity in ICV Streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory impaired rats was explored. In experiment set up 1: Memory deficit was found in Morris water maze test on 14-16 days after STZ (ICV; 3mg/Kg) administration. STZ causes increased expression of GFAP, CD11b and TNF-α indicating glial activation and neuroinflammation. STZ also significantly increased the level of ROS, nitrite, Ca(2+) and reduced the mitochondrial activity in synaptosomal preparation illustrating free radical generation and excitotoxicity. Increased expression and activity of Caspase-3 was also observed in STZ treated rat which specify apoptotic cell death in hippocampus and cortex. STZ treatment showed decrease expression of post synaptic markers CaMKIIα and PSD-95, while, expression of pre synaptic markers (synaptophysin and SNAP-25) remains unaltered indicating selective post synaptic neurotoxicity. Oral treatment with Memantine (10mg/kg) and Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg) daily for 13 days attenuated STZ induced glial activation, apoptotic cell death and post synaptic neurotoxicity in rat brain. Further, in experiment set up 2: where memory function was not affected i.e. 7-9 days after STZ treatment. The level of GFAP, CD11b, TNF-α, ROS and nitrite levels were increased. On the other hand, apoptotic marker, synaptic markers, mitochondrial activity and Ca(2+) levels remained unaffected. Collective data indicates that neuroinflammatory process and oxidative stress <span class="hlt">occurs</span> earlier to apoptosis and does not affect memory function. Present study clearly suggests that glial activation and post synaptic neurotoxicity are the <span class="hlt">key</span> factors in STZ induced memory impairment and neuronal cell death. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22946353','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22946353"><span>An emergency medical planning guide for commercial spaceflight <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Law, Jennifer; Vanderploeg, James</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Commercial spaceflight <span class="hlt">events</span> transporting paying passengers into space will begin to take place at various spaceports around the country within the next few years. Many spaceports are located in remote areas that are far from major hospitals and trauma centers. Spaceport medical directors should develop emergency medical plans (EMPs) to prepare for potential medical contingencies that may <span class="hlt">occur</span> during commercial spaceflight <span class="hlt">events</span>. The aim of this article is to guide spaceport medical directors in emergency medical planning for commercial spaceflight <span class="hlt">events</span>. This guide is based on our experience and a recently developed EMP for Spaceport America which incorporated a literature review of mass gathering medicine, existing planning guides for mass gathering <span class="hlt">events</span>, and EMPs for analogous aerospace <span class="hlt">events</span>. We propose a multipronged approach to emergency medical planning, consisting of <span class="hlt">event</span> planning, medical reconnaissance, medical personnel, protocols, physical facility and hardware, and documentation. Medical directors should use this guide to develop an emergency medical plan tailored to the resources and constraints specific to their <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60975&keyword=fire+AND+forest&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60975&keyword=fire+AND+forest&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>EXTREME DUST AND SMOKE <span class="hlt">EVENTS</span> OVER THE U.S. IN 1998</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Dust storms and forest fires are major PM <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> several times a year over different parts of the US. Such <span class="hlt">events</span> also originate outside the US, e.g., dust from Sahara and the Asian deserts and smoke from forest fires in Central America and Canada. Such dust and smok...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129536','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129536"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span> Boundaries Trigger Rapid Memory Reinstatement of the Prior <span class="hlt">Events</span> to Promote Their Representation in Long-Term Memory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sols, Ignasi; DuBrow, Sarah; Davachi, Lila; Fuentemilla, Lluís</p> <p>2017-11-20</p> <p>Although everyday experiences unfold continuously over time, shifts in context, or <span class="hlt">event</span> boundaries, can influence how those <span class="hlt">events</span> come to be represented in memory [1-4]. Specifically, mnemonic binding across sequential representations is more challenging at context shifts, such that successful temporal associations are more likely to be formed within than across contexts [1, 2, 5-9]. However, in order to preserve a subjective sense of continuity, it is important that the memory system bridge temporally adjacent <span class="hlt">events</span>, even if they <span class="hlt">occur</span> in seemingly distinct contexts. Here, we used pattern similarity analysis to scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during a sequential learning task [2, 3] in humans and showed that the detection of <span class="hlt">event</span> boundaries triggered a rapid memory reinstatement of the just-encoded sequence episode. Memory reactivation was detected rapidly (∼200-800 ms from the onset of the <span class="hlt">event</span> boundary) and was specific to context shifts that were preceded by an <span class="hlt">event</span> sequence with episodic content. Memory reinstatement was not observed during the sequential encoding of <span class="hlt">events</span> within an episode, indicating that memory reactivation was induced specifically upon context shifts. Finally, the degree of neural similarity between neural responses elicited during sequence encoding and at <span class="hlt">event</span> boundaries correlated positively with participants' ability to later link across sequences of <span class="hlt">events</span>, suggesting a critical role in binding temporally adjacent <span class="hlt">events</span> in long-term memory. Current results shed light onto the neural mechanisms that promote episodic encoding not only for information within the <span class="hlt">event</span>, but also, importantly, in the ability to link across <span class="hlt">events</span> to create a memory representation of continuous experience. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5546484','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5546484"><span>EGF receptor lysosomal degradation is delayed in the cells stimulated with EGF-Quantum dot bioconjugate but earlier <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> of endocytic degradative pathway are similar to that of native EGF</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Leontieva, Ekaterina A.; Kornilova, Elena S.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Quantum dots (QDs) complexed to ligands recognizing surface receptors undergoing internalization are an attractive tool for live cell imaging of ligand-receptor complexes behavior and for specific tracking of the cells of interest. However, conjugation of quasi-multivalent large QD-particle to monovalent small growth factors like EGF that bound their tyrosine-kinase receptors may affect <span class="hlt">key</span> endocytic <span class="hlt">events</span> tightly bound to signaling. Here, by means of confocal microscopy we have addressed the <span class="hlt">key</span> endocytic <span class="hlt">events</span> of lysosomal degradative pathway stimulated by native EGF or EGF-QD bioconjugate. We have demonstrated that the decrease in endosome number, increase in mean endosome integrated density and the pattern of EEA1 co-localization with EGF-EGFR complexes at early stages of endocytosis were similar for the both native and QD-conjugated ligands. In both cases enlarged hollow endosomes appeared after wortmannin treatment. This indicates that early endosomal fusions and their maturation proceed similar for both ligands. EGF-QD and native EGF similarly accumulated in juxtanuclear region, and live cell imaging of endosome motion revealed the behavior described elsewhere for microtubule-facilitated motility. Finally, EGF-QD and the receptor were found in lysosomes. However, degradation of receptor part of QD-EGF-EGFR-complex was delayed compared to native EGF, but not inhibited, while QDs fluorescence was detected in lysosomes even after 24 hours. Importantly, in HeLa and A549 cells the both ligands behaved similarly. We conclude that during endocytosis EGF-QD behaves as a neutral marker for degradative pathway up to lysosomal stage and can also be used as a long-term cell marker. PMID:28574831</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ACPD...1417331D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ACPD...1417331D"><span>Long-term variability of dust <span class="hlt">events</span> in Iceland (1949-2011)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P.; Arnalds, O.; Olafsson, H.</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>Long-term frequency of atmospheric dust observations was investigated for the southern part of Iceland and merged with results obtained from the Northeast Iceland (Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al., 2013). In total, over 34 dust days per year on average <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in Iceland based on conventionally used synoptic codes for dust. Including codes 04-06 into the criteria for dust observations, the frequency was 135 dust days annually. The Sea Level Pressure (SLP) oscillation controlled whether dust <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in NE (16.4 dust days annually) or in southern part of Iceland (about 18 dust days annually). The most dust-frequent decade in S Iceland was the 1960s while the most frequent decade in NE Iceland was the 2000s. A total of 32 severe dust storms (visibility < 500 m) was observed in Iceland with the highest frequency during the 2000s in S Iceland. The Arctic dust <span class="hlt">events</span> (NE Iceland) were typically warm and during summer/autumn (May-September) while the Sub-Arctic dust <span class="hlt">events</span> (S Iceland) were mainly cold and during winter/spring (March-May). About half of dust <span class="hlt">events</span> in S Iceland <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in winter or at sub-zero temperatures. A good correlation was found between PM10 concentrations and visibility during dust observations at the stations Vik and Storhofdi. This study shows that Iceland is among the dustiest areas of the world and dust is emitted the year-round.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825707','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825707"><span>Satellite-to-ground quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liao, Sheng-Kai; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liu, Wei-Yue; Zhang, Liang; Li, Yang; Ren, Ji-Gang; Yin, Juan; Shen, Qi; Cao, Yuan; Li, Zheng-Ping; Li, Feng-Zhi; Chen, Xia-Wei; Sun, Li-Hua; Jia, Jian-Jun; Wu, Jin-Cai; Jiang, Xiao-Jun; Wang, Jian-Feng; Huang, Yong-Mei; Wang, Qiang; Zhou, Yi-Lin; Deng, Lei; Xi, Tao; Ma, Lu; Hu, Tai; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Yu-Ao; Liu, Nai-Le; Wang, Xiang-Bin; Zhu, Zhen-Cai; Lu, Chao-Yang; Shu, Rong; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Wang, Jian-Yu; Pan, Jian-Wei</p> <p>2017-09-07</p> <p>Quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that <span class="hlt">occurs</span> when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD-a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz <span class="hlt">key</span> rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This <span class="hlt">key</span> rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4938716','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4938716"><span>A rank test for bivariate time-to-<span class="hlt">event</span> outcomes when one <span class="hlt">event</span> is a surrogate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shaw, Pamela A.; Fay, Michael P.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In many clinical settings, improving patient survival is of interest but a practical surrogate, such as time to disease progression, is instead used as a clinical trial’s primary endpoint. A time-to-first endpoint (e.g. death or disease progression) is commonly analyzed but may not be adequate to summarize patient outcomes if a subsequent <span class="hlt">event</span> contains important additional information. We consider a surrogate outcome very generally, as one correlated with the true endpoint of interest. Settings of interest include those where the surrogate indicates a beneficial outcome so that the usual time-to-first endpoint of death or surrogate <span class="hlt">event</span> is nonsensical. We present a new two-sample test for bivariate, interval-censored time-to-<span class="hlt">event</span> data, where one endpoint is a surrogate for the second, less frequently observed endpoint of true interest. This test examines whether patient groups have equal clinical severity. If the true endpoint rarely <span class="hlt">occurs</span>, the proposed test acts like a weighted logrank test on the surrogate; if it <span class="hlt">occurs</span> for most individuals, then our test acts like a weighted logrank test on the true endpoint. If the surrogate is a useful statistical surrogate, our test can have better power than tests based on the surrogate that naively handle the true endpoint. In settings where the surrogate is not valid (treatment affects the surrogate but not the true endpoint), our test incorporates the information regarding the lack of treatment effect from the observed true endpoints and hence is expected to have a dampened treatment effect compared to tests based on the surrogate alone. PMID:27059817</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=combat+AND+sports&id=EJ741058','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=combat+AND+sports&id=EJ741058"><span>Combating Violence at School Sports <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stover, Del</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>It is absolutely critical that high school games be organized in the safest way possible--both for the students, the staff who are directly involved and for all the spectators who watch these games. School officials have become vigilant with safety measures as a string of violent incidents has <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in several school athletic <span class="hlt">events</span> across the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599204','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599204"><span>Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> associated with deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: analysis of 510 consecutive cases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patel, Daxa M; Walker, Harrison C; Brooks, Rebekah; Omar, Nidal; Ditty, Benjamin; Guthrie, Barton L</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Although numerous studies have focused on the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, less is known about surgical adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, especially over longer time intervals. Here, we analyze adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in 510 consecutive cases from a tertiary movement disorders center at up to 10 years postoperatively. We conducted a retrospective review of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> from craniotomies between January 2003 and March 2013. The adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were categorized into 2 broad categories--immediate perioperative and time-dependent postoperative <span class="hlt">events</span>. Across all targets, perioperative mental status change <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 18 (3.5%) cases, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 4 (0.78%) cases. The most common hardware-related <span class="hlt">event</span> was skin erosion in 13 (2.5%) cases. The most frequent stimulation-related <span class="hlt">event</span> was speech disturbance in 16 (3.1%) cases. There were no significant differences among surgical targets with respect to the incidence of these <span class="hlt">events</span>. Time-dependent postoperative <span class="hlt">events</span> leading to the revision of a given DBS electrode for any reason <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 4.7% ± 1.0%, 9.3% ± 1.4%, and 12.4% ± 1.5% of electrodes at 1, 4, and 7 years postoperatively, respectively. Staged bilateral DBS was associated with approximately twice the risk of repeat surgery for electrode replacement vs unilateral surgery (P = .020). These data provide low incidences for adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in a large series of DBS surgeries for movement disorders at up to 10 years follow-up. Accurate estimates of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> will better inform patients and caregivers about the potential risks and benefits of surgery and provide normative data for process improvement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417326','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417326"><span><span class="hlt">Key</span>-value store with internal <span class="hlt">key</span>-value storage interface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bent, John M.; Faibish, Sorin; Ting, Dennis P. J.</p> <p></p> <p>A <span class="hlt">key</span>-value store is provided having one or more <span class="hlt">key</span>-value storage interfaces. A <span class="hlt">key</span>-value store on at least one compute node comprises a memory for storing a plurality of <span class="hlt">key</span>-value pairs; and an abstract storage interface comprising a software interface module that communicates with at least one persistent storage device providing a <span class="hlt">key</span>-value interface for persistent storage of one or more of the plurality of <span class="hlt">key</span>-value pairs, wherein the software interface module provides the one or more <span class="hlt">key</span>-value pairs to the at least one persistent storage device in a <span class="hlt">key</span>-value format. The abstract storage interface optionally processes one or moremore » batch operations on the plurality of <span class="hlt">key</span>-value pairs. A distributed embodiment for a partitioned <span class="hlt">key</span>-value store is also provided.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874951','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874951"><span>Severe Hyperkalemia: Can the Electrocardiogram Risk Stratify for Short-term Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Durfey, Nicole; Lehnhof, Brian; Bergeson, Andrew; Durfey, Shayla N M; Leytin, Victoria; McAteer, Kristina; Schwam, Eric; Valiquet, Justin</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The electrocardiogram (ECG) is often used to identify which hyperkalemic patients are at risk for adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. However, there is a paucity of evidence to support this practice. This study analyzes the association between specific hyperkalemic ECG abnormalities and the development of short-term adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in patients with severe hyperkalemia. We collected records of all adult patients with potassium (K+) ≥6.5 mEq/L in the hospital laboratory database from August 15, 2010, through January 30, 2015. A chart review identified patient demographics, concurrent laboratory values, ECG within one hour of K+ measurement, treatments and occurrence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> within six hours of ECG. We defined adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> as symptomatic bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or death. Two emergency physicians blinded to study objective independently examined each ECG for rate, rhythm, peaked T wave, PR interval duration and QRS complex duration. Relative risk was calculated to determine the association between specific hyperkalemic ECG abnormalities and short-term adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. We included a total of 188 patients with severe hyperkalemia in the final study group. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> within six hours in 28 patients (15%): symptomatic bradycardia (n=22), death (n=4), ventricular tachycardia (n=2) and CPR (n=2). All adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> prior to treatment with calcium and all but one <span class="hlt">occurred</span> prior to K + -lowering intervention. All patients who had a short-term adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> had a preceding ECG that demonstrated at least one hyperkalemic abnormality (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [85.7-100%]). An increased likelihood of short-term adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> was found for hyperkalemic patients whose ECG demonstrated QRS prolongation (relative risk [RR] 4.74, 95% CI [2.01-11.15]), bradycardia (HR<50) (RR 12.29, 95%CI [6.69-22.57]), and/or junctional rhythm (RR 7.46, 95%CI 5.28-11.13). There was no statistically</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5576635','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5576635"><span>Severe Hyperkalemia: Can the Electrocardiogram Risk Stratify for Short-term Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Durfey, Nicole; Lehnhof, Brian; Bergeson, Andrew; Durfey, Shayla N.M.; Leytin, Victoria; McAteer, Kristina; Schwam, Eric; Valiquet, Justin</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Introduction The electrocardiogram (ECG) is often used to identify which hyperkalemic patients are at risk for adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. However, there is a paucity of evidence to support this practice. This study analyzes the association between specific hyperkalemic ECG abnormalities and the development of short-term adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in patients with severe hyperkalemia. Methods We collected records of all adult patients with potassium (K+) ≥6.5 mEq/L in the hospital laboratory database from August 15, 2010, through January 30, 2015. A chart review identified patient demographics, concurrent laboratory values, ECG within one hour of K+ measurement, treatments and occurrence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> within six hours of ECG. We defined adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> as symptomatic bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or death. Two emergency physicians blinded to study objective independently examined each ECG for rate, rhythm, peaked T wave, PR interval duration and QRS complex duration. Relative risk was calculated to determine the association between specific hyperkalemic ECG abnormalities and short-term adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. Results We included a total of 188 patients with severe hyperkalemia in the final study group. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> within six hours in 28 patients (15%): symptomatic bradycardia (n=22), death (n=4), ventricular tachycardia (n=2) and CPR (n=2). All adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> prior to treatment with calcium and all but one <span class="hlt">occurred</span> prior to K+-lowering intervention. All patients who had a short-term adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> had a preceding ECG that demonstrated at least one hyperkalemic abnormality (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [85.7–100%]). An increased likelihood of short-term adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> was found for hyperkalemic patients whose ECG demonstrated QRS prolongation (relative risk [RR] 4.74, 95% CI [2.01–11.15]), bradycardia (HR<50) (RR 12.29, 95%CI [6.69–22.57]), and/or junctional rhythm (RR 7.46, 95%CI 5.28</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836593','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836593"><span>Minimal geological methane emissions during the Younger Dryas-Preboreal abrupt warming <span class="hlt">event</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Petrenko, Vasilii V; Smith, Andrew M; Schaefer, Hinrich; Riedel, Katja; Brook, Edward; Baggenstos, Daniel; Harth, Christina; Hua, Quan; Buizert, Christo; Schilt, Adrian; Fain, Xavier; Mitchell, Logan; Bauska, Thomas; Orsi, Anais; Weiss, Ray F; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P</p> <p>2017-08-23</p> <p>Methane (CH 4 ) is a powerful greenhouse gas and plays a <span class="hlt">key</span> part in global atmospheric chemistry. Natural geological emissions (fossil methane vented naturally from marine and terrestrial seeps and mud volcanoes) are thought to contribute around 52 teragrams of methane per year to the global methane source, about 10 per cent of the total, but both bottom-up methods (measuring emissions) and top-down approaches (measuring atmospheric mole fractions and isotopes) for constraining these geological emissions have been associated with large uncertainties. Here we use ice core measurements to quantify the absolute amount of radiocarbon-containing methane ( 14 CH 4 ) in the past atmosphere and show that geological methane emissions were no higher than 15.4 teragrams per year (95 per cent confidence), averaged over the abrupt warming <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> between the Younger Dryas and Preboreal intervals, approximately 11,600 years ago. Assuming that past geological methane emissions were no lower than today, our results indicate that current estimates of today's natural geological methane emissions (about 52 teragrams per year) are too high and, by extension, that current estimates of anthropogenic fossil methane emissions are too low. Our results also improve on and confirm earlier findings that the rapid increase of about 50 per cent in mole fraction of atmospheric methane at the Younger Dryas-Preboreal <span class="hlt">event</span> was driven by contemporaneous methane from sources such as wetlands; our findings constrain the contribution from old carbon reservoirs (marine methane hydrates, permafrost and methane trapped under ice) to 19 per cent or less (95 per cent confidence). To the extent that the characteristics of the most recent deglaciation and the Younger Dryas-Preboreal warming are comparable to those of the current anthropogenic warming, our measurements suggest that large future atmospheric releases of methane from old carbon sources are unlikely to <span class="hlt">occur</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.548..443P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.548..443P"><span>Minimal geological methane emissions during the Younger Dryas-Preboreal abrupt warming <span class="hlt">event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Petrenko, Vasilii V.; Smith, Andrew M.; Schaefer, Hinrich; Riedel, Katja; Brook, Edward; Baggenstos, Daniel; Harth, Christina; Hua, Quan; Buizert, Christo; Schilt, Adrian; Fain, Xavier; Mitchell, Logan; Bauska, Thomas; Orsi, Anais; Weiss, Ray F.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas and plays a <span class="hlt">key</span> part in global atmospheric chemistry. Natural geological emissions (fossil methane vented naturally from marine and terrestrial seeps and mud volcanoes) are thought to contribute around 52 teragrams of methane per year to the global methane source, about 10 per cent of the total, but both bottom-up methods (measuring emissions) and top-down approaches (measuring atmospheric mole fractions and isotopes) for constraining these geological emissions have been associated with large uncertainties. Here we use ice core measurements to quantify the absolute amount of radiocarbon-containing methane (14CH4) in the past atmosphere and show that geological methane emissions were no higher than 15.4 teragrams per year (95 per cent confidence), averaged over the abrupt warming <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> between the Younger Dryas and Preboreal intervals, approximately 11,600 years ago. Assuming that past geological methane emissions were no lower than today, our results indicate that current estimates of today’s natural geological methane emissions (about 52 teragrams per year) are too high and, by extension, that current estimates of anthropogenic fossil methane emissions are too low. Our results also improve on and confirm earlier findings that the rapid increase of about 50 per cent in mole fraction of atmospheric methane at the Younger Dryas-Preboreal <span class="hlt">event</span> was driven by contemporaneous methane from sources such as wetlands; our findings constrain the contribution from old carbon reservoirs (marine methane hydrates, permafrost and methane trapped under ice) to 19 per cent or less (95 per cent confidence). To the extent that the characteristics of the most recent deglaciation and the Younger Dryas-Preboreal warming are comparable to those of the current anthropogenic warming, our measurements suggest that large future atmospheric releases of methane from old carbon sources are unlikely to <span class="hlt">occur</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163972','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163972"><span>Trust index based fault tolerant multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> localization algorithm for WSNs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Xianghua; Gao, Xueyong; Wan, Jian; Xiong, Naixue</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the use of wireless sensor networks for multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization using binary information from the sensor nodes. The <span class="hlt">events</span> could continually emit signals whose strength is attenuated inversely proportional to the distance from the source. In this context, faults <span class="hlt">occur</span> due to various reasons and are manifested when a node reports a wrong decision. In order to reduce the impact of node faults on the accuracy of multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> localization, we introduce a trust index model to evaluate the fidelity of information which the nodes report and use in the <span class="hlt">event</span> detection process, and propose the Trust Index based Subtract on Negative Add on Positive (TISNAP) localization algorithm, which reduces the impact of faulty nodes on the <span class="hlt">event</span> localization by decreasing their trust index, to improve the accuracy of <span class="hlt">event</span> localization and performance of fault tolerance for multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization. The algorithm includes three phases: first, the sink identifies the cluster nodes to determine the number of <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the entire region by analyzing the binary data reported by all nodes; then, it constructs the likelihood matrix related to the cluster nodes and estimates the location of all <span class="hlt">events</span> according to the alarmed status and trust index of the nodes around the cluster nodes. Finally, the sink updates the trust index of all nodes according to the fidelity of their information in the previous reporting cycle. The algorithm improves the accuracy of localization and performance of fault tolerance in multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization. The experiment results show that when the probability of node fault is close to 50%, the algorithm can still accurately determine the number of the <span class="hlt">events</span> and have better accuracy of localization compared with other algorithms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3231684','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3231684"><span>Trust Index Based Fault Tolerant Multiple <span class="hlt">Event</span> Localization Algorithm for WSNs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xu, Xianghua; Gao, Xueyong; Wan, Jian; Xiong, Naixue</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the use of wireless sensor networks for multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization using binary information from the sensor nodes. The <span class="hlt">events</span> could continually emit signals whose strength is attenuated inversely proportional to the distance from the source. In this context, faults <span class="hlt">occur</span> due to various reasons and are manifested when a node reports a wrong decision. In order to reduce the impact of node faults on the accuracy of multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> localization, we introduce a trust index model to evaluate the fidelity of information which the nodes report and use in the <span class="hlt">event</span> detection process, and propose the Trust Index based Subtract on Negative Add on Positive (TISNAP) localization algorithm, which reduces the impact of faulty nodes on the <span class="hlt">event</span> localization by decreasing their trust index, to improve the accuracy of <span class="hlt">event</span> localization and performance of fault tolerance for multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization. The algorithm includes three phases: first, the sink identifies the cluster nodes to determine the number of <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the entire region by analyzing the binary data reported by all nodes; then, it constructs the likelihood matrix related to the cluster nodes and estimates the location of all <span class="hlt">events</span> according to the alarmed status and trust index of the nodes around the cluster nodes. Finally, the sink updates the trust index of all nodes according to the fidelity of their information in the previous reporting cycle. The algorithm improves the accuracy of localization and performance of fault tolerance in multiple <span class="hlt">event</span> source localization. The experiment results show that when the probability of node fault is close to 50%, the algorithm can still accurately determine the number of the <span class="hlt">events</span> and have better accuracy of localization compared with other algorithms. PMID:22163972</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM31B2629E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM31B2629E"><span>Nightside High Latitude Magnetic Impulse <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Engebretson, M. J.; Connors, M. G.; Braun, D.; Posch, J. L.; Kaur, M.; Guillon, S.; Hartinger, M.; Kim, H.; Behlke, R.; Reiter, K.; Jackel, B. J.; Russell, C. T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>High latitude Magnetic Impulse <span class="hlt">Events</span> (MIEs), isolated pulses with periods 5-10 min, were first noted in ground-based magnetometer data near local noon, and are now understood to be signatures of transient pressure increases in the solar wind (sudden impulses - SIs) and/or in the ion foreshock (traveling convection vortex <span class="hlt">events</span> - TCVs). However, solitary pulses with considerably larger amplitude (ΔB up to 1500 nT) have often been observed in the night sector at these same latitudes. These <span class="hlt">events</span> are not directly associated with transient external pressure increases, and are often large enough to produce significant ground induced currents. Although many night sector MIEs <span class="hlt">occur</span> in association with substorm signatures, others appear to be very isolated. We present here a survey of intense MIE <span class="hlt">events</span> identified in magnetometer data from the AUTUMNX and MACCS arrays in eastern Arctic Canada at all local times between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017. We also show maps of horizontal and vertical perturbations and maximum dB/dt values, as well as sample magnetograms, for several example <span class="hlt">events</span> using data from these and other arrays in Arctic Canada, as well as in West Greenland and Antarctica, the latter to show the conjugate nature of these <span class="hlt">events</span>. A basic relation to GIC data in the Hydro-Québec electrical transmission network in eastern Canada has been determined and will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19634981','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19634981"><span>Does it really feel the same? Changes in life satisfaction following repeated life <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luhmann, Maike; Eid, Michael</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>Unemployment, divorce, and marriage are common life <span class="hlt">events</span> for most people in Western societies. In a longitudinal study, the authors investigated how these life <span class="hlt">events</span> affect life satisfaction when they <span class="hlt">occur</span> repeatedly. Data came from the German Socio-Economic Panel, a large-scale representative panel study, and were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that, in general, life satisfaction decreases with repeated unemployment (sensitization). For repeated divorces, life satisfaction is higher at the second divorce than it had been at the first divorce (adaptation). Finally, life satisfaction is similar at repeated marriages. Neuroticism, extraversion, and gender accounted for interindividual differences in changes in life satisfaction. For instance, the general sensitization pattern associated with repeated unemployment was less pronounced for women. The authors also found main effects of age and the duration of the first <span class="hlt">event</span> on general differences in life satisfaction. Finally, those with repeated <span class="hlt">events</span> generally report lower life satisfaction than those with only one occasion of these <span class="hlt">events</span>, even before the first <span class="hlt">event</span> actually <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Findings show that repeated <span class="hlt">events</span> can have very different effects on life satisfaction that depend on the nature of the <span class="hlt">event</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5646475','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5646475"><span>The pros and cons of researching <span class="hlt">events</span> ethnographically</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Events</span> (remarkable, disruptive happenings) are important subjects of study for understanding processes of change. In this essay, I reflect upon the issue of what the ethnographic method has to offer for the analysis of this social phenomenon. To do so, I review three recently published ethnographic studies of <span class="hlt">events</span>. My conclusion is that it is indeed a very useful method for understanding the feelings and ideas of people who are experiencing <span class="hlt">eventful</span> situations, for instance around protests or natural disasters. However, using this method also brings about practical difficulties, such as the ‘luck’ that an <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurs</span> at the ethnographic fieldwork site. Next, as transformative responses to <span class="hlt">events</span> are not bound by the place or time of the happening, other methods (interviews, discourse analysis, surveys) that make it easier to follow them in varying locations and periods might be more suitable for getting a comprehensive picture of their meaning-making dynamics. PMID:29081715</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=295832','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=295832"><span>Deciphering landscape complexity to predict (non)linear responses to extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> are increasing in frequency and magnitude for many landscapes globally. Ecologically, most of the focus on extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span> has been on effects of either short-term pulses (floods, freezes) or long-term drought. Multi-year increases in precipitation are also <span class="hlt">occurring</span> with litt...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4422349','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4422349"><span>Very long apnea <span class="hlt">events</span> in preterm infants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vergales, Brooke D.; Lee, Hoshik; Clark, Matthew T.; Lake, Douglas E.; Mennen, Anne C.; Kattwinkel, John; Sinkin, Robert A.; Moorman, J. Randall; Fairchild, Karen D.; Delos, John B.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Apnea is nearly universal among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and the associated bradycardia and desaturation may have detrimental consequences. We describe here very long (>60 s) central apnea <span class="hlt">events</span> (VLAs) with bradycardia and desaturation, discovered using a computerized detection system applied to our database of over 100 infant years of electronic signals. Eighty-six VLAs <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 29 out of 335 VLBW infants. Eighteen of the 29 infants had a clinical <span class="hlt">event</span> or condition possibly related to the VLA. Most VLAs <span class="hlt">occurred</span> while infants were on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, supplemental oxygen, and caffeine. Apnea alarms on the bedside monitor activated in 66% of <span class="hlt">events</span>, on average 28 s after cessation of breathing. Bradycardia alarms activated late, on average 64 s after cessation of breathing. Before VLAs oxygen saturation was unusually high, and during VLAs oxygen saturation and heart rate fell unusually slowly. We give measures of the relative severity of VLAs and theoretical calculations that describe the rate of decrease of oxygen saturation. A clinical conclusion is that very long apnea (VLA) <span class="hlt">events</span> with bradycardia and desaturation are not rare. Apnea alarms failed to activate for about one-third of VLAs. It appears that neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) personnel respond quickly to bradycardia alarms but not consistently to apnea alarms. We speculate that more reliable apnea detection systems would improve patient safety in the NICU. A physiological conclusion is that the slow decrease of oxygen saturation is consistent with a physiological model based on assumed high values of initial oxygen saturation. PMID:25549762</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27611104','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27611104"><span>Prospective Controlled Study of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs with Naturally <span class="hlt">Occurring</span> Laryngeal Paralysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tarvin, Kiki M; Twedt, David C; Monnet, Eric</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>To determine the frequency, nature, and magnitude of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs with laryngeal paralysis (LP). Prospective comparative clinical study. Client-owned dogs with LP and healthy client-owned dogs (n = 6 each). Dogs underwent sedated laryngeal examination for diagnosis and grading of bilateral LP and for placement of a nasoesophageal dual pH/impedance probe. Endoscopy was used to confirm probe location and evaluate the distal esophagus. Data were recorded continuously. GER was defined as pH<4 or >7.5 lasting >2 seconds reaching a magnitude of 2 impedance sensors proximally. The median total number of GER <span class="hlt">events</span> per hour was 0.64 (range, 0.44-1.6) for the LP group and 0.53 (range, 0.38-1.0) for the control group (P = 0.259; power = 0.50). The median total number of alkaline regurgitation <span class="hlt">events</span> per hour was 0.37 (range, 0.17-0.93) for the LP group and 0.46 (range, 0.25-1.0) for control group (P = 0.575; power = 0.57). The median total number of acidic regurgitation <span class="hlt">events</span> per hour was 0.22 (range, 0-0.70) and 0.0 (range, 0-0.14) for the LP and control groups, respectively (P = 0.025). Acidic reflux <span class="hlt">events</span> reached the proximal pH sensor in 2 dogs in the LP group for a total of 4 reflux <span class="hlt">events</span> and in 1 dog in the control group for a total of 3 reflux <span class="hlt">events</span> (P = 0.673). Based on the limited number of dogs studied, it appears that dogs with naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> LP have increased acidic reflux <span class="hlt">events</span> compared to clinically normal dogs. GER can reach the most proximal part of the esophagus. © Copyright 2016 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22567101','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22567101"><span>Ecological implications of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>: footprints of the 2010 earthquake along the Chilean coast.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jaramillo, Eduardo; Dugan, Jenifer E; Hubbard, David M; Melnick, Daniel; Manzano, Mario; Duarte, Cristian; Campos, Cesar; Sanchez, Roland</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Deciphering ecological effects of major catastrophic <span class="hlt">events</span> such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, storms and fires, requires rapid interdisciplinary efforts often hampered by a lack of pre-<span class="hlt">event</span> data. Using results of intertidal surveys conducted shortly before and immediately after Chile's 2010 M(w) 8.8 earthquake along the entire rupture zone (ca. 34-38°S), we provide the first quantification of earthquake and tsunami effects on sandy beach ecosystems. Our study incorporated anthropogenic coastal development as a <span class="hlt">key</span> design factor. Ecological responses of beach ecosystems were strongly affected by the magnitude of land-level change. Subsidence along the northern rupture segment combined with tsunami-associated disturbance and drowned beaches. In contrast, along the co-seismically uplifted southern rupture, beaches widened and flattened increasing habitat availability. Post-<span class="hlt">event</span> changes in abundance and distribution of mobile intertidal invertebrates were not uniform, varying with land-level change, tsunami height and coastal development. On beaches where subsidence <span class="hlt">occurred</span>, intertidal zones and their associated species disappeared. On some beaches, uplift of rocky sub-tidal substrate eliminated low intertidal sand beach habitat for ecologically important species. On others, unexpected interactions of uplift with man-made coastal armouring included restoration of upper and mid-intertidal habitat seaward of armouring followed by rapid colonization of mobile crustaceans typical of these zones formerly excluded by constraints imposed by the armouring structures. Responses of coastal ecosystems to major earthquakes appear to vary strongly with land-level change, the mobility of the biota and shore type. Our results show that interactions of extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> with human-altered shorelines can produce surprising ecological outcomes, and suggest these complex responses to landscape alteration can leave lasting footprints in coastal ecosystems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53C2260A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53C2260A"><span>Large-scale Meteorological Patterns Associated with Extreme Precipitation <span class="hlt">Events</span> over Portland, OR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aragon, C.; Loikith, P. C.; Lintner, B. R.; Pike, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> can have profound impacts on human life and infrastructure, with broad implications across a range of stakeholders. Changes to extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> are a projected outcome of climate change that warrants further study, especially at regional- to local-scales. While global climate models are generally capable of simulating mean climate at global-to-regional scales with reasonable skill, resiliency and adaptation decisions are made at local-scales where most state-of-the-art climate models are limited by coarse resolution. Characterization of large-scale meteorological patterns associated with extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> at local-scales can provide climatic information without this scale limitation, thus facilitating stakeholder decision-making. This research will use synoptic climatology as a tool by which to characterize the <span class="hlt">key</span> large-scale meteorological patterns associated with extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Portland, Oregon metro region. Composite analysis of meteorological patterns associated with extreme precipitation days, and associated watershed-specific flooding, is employed to enhance understanding of the climatic drivers behind such <span class="hlt">events</span>. The self-organizing maps approach is then used to characterize the within-composite variability of the large-scale meteorological patterns associated with extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span>, allowing us to better understand the different types of meteorological conditions that lead to high-impact precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span> and associated hydrologic impacts. A more comprehensive understanding of the meteorological drivers of extremes will aid in evaluation of the ability of climate models to capture <span class="hlt">key</span> patterns associated with extreme precipitation over Portland and to better interpret projections of future climate at impact-relevant scales.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23219489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23219489"><span>Life <span class="hlt">events</span> and Tourette syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Steinberg, Tamar; Shmuel-Baruch, Sharona; Horesh, Netta; Apter, Alan</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p> <span class="hlt">events</span>, significant correlation was found between the quantity of major life <span class="hlt">events</span> and the severity of motor tics, but not vocal tics. Regarding comorbidities and major life <span class="hlt">events</span>, significant correlation was found between the severity of compulsions, ADHD, and aggression and the subjects' personal evaluation of the effect of negative major life <span class="hlt">events</span> on their lives. Minor life <span class="hlt">events</span> appear to be correlated with tic severity and comorbidities in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome. The lack of an association between major life <span class="hlt">events</span> and tic severity further emphasizes the salient impact of minor life <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in temporal proximity to the assessment of tic severity. Clinically, the results match our impression from patient narratives wherein they "blamed" the exacerbations in tics on social interactions. The high correlation between negative life <span class="hlt">events</span> and depression, anxiety and compulsions symptoms, were reported also in previous studies. In conclusion, These findings may have clinical implications for planning supportive psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy for this patient population. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1510791C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1510791C"><span>Extreme <span class="hlt">Event</span> impacts on Seafloor Ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Canals, Miquel; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Calafat, Antoni; Pedrosa-Pàmies, Rut; Lastras, Galderic</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The Mediterranean region is among those presenting the highest concentration of cyclogenesis during the northern hemisphere winter, thus is frequently subjected to sudden <span class="hlt">events</span> of extreme weather. The highest frequency of storm winds <span class="hlt">occur</span> in its northwestern basin, and is associated to NE and NW storms. The occurrence of such extreme climatic <span class="hlt">events</span> represents an opportunity of high scientific value to investigate how natural processes at their peaks of activity transfer matter and energy, as well as how impact ecosystems. Due to the approximately NE-SW orientation of the western Mediterranean coast, windforced motion coming from eastern storms generate the most intense waves and with very long fetch in the continental shelf and the coast, causing beach erosion, overwash and inundation of low-lying areas, and damage to infrastructures and coastal resources. On December 26, 2008 a huge storm afforded us the opportunity to understand the effect of storms on the deep sea ecosystems, as impacted violently an area of the Catalan coast covered by a dense network of monitoring devices including sediment traps and currentmeters. The storm, with measured wind gusts of more than 70 km h-1 and associated storm surge reaching 8 m, lead to the remobilisation of a shallow water large reservoir of marine organic carbon associated to fine particles and to its redistribution across the deep basin, and also ignited the motion of large amounts of coarse shelf sediment resulting in the abrasion and burial of benthic communities. In addition to eastern storms, increasing evidence has accumulated during the last few years showing the significance of Dense Shelf Water Cascading (DSWC), a type of marine current driven exclusively by seawater density contrast caused by strong and persistent NW winds, as a <span class="hlt">key</span> driver of the deep Mediterranean Sea in many aspects. A network of mooring lines with sediment traps and currentmeters deployed in the Cap de Creus canyon in winter 2005-06 recorded</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.136A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.136A"><span>Acceleration and Precipitation of Electrons during Substorm Dipolarization <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ashour-Abdalla, Maha; Richard, Robert; Donovan, Eric; Zhou, Meng; Goldstein, Mevlyn; El-Alaoui, Mostafa; Schriver, David; Walker, Raymond</p> <p></p> <p>Observations and modeling have established that during geomagnetically disturbed times the Earth’s magnetotail goes through large scale changes that result in enhanced electron precipitation into the ionosphere and earthward propagating dipolarization fronts that contain highly energized plasma. Such <span class="hlt">events</span> originate near reconnection regions in the magnetotail at about 20-30 R_E down tail. As the dipolarization fronts propagate earthward, strong acceleration of both ions and electrons <span class="hlt">occurs</span> due to a combination of non-adiabatic and adiabatic (betatron and Fermi) acceleration, with particle energies reaching up to 100 keV within the dipolarization front. One consequence of the plasma transport that <span class="hlt">occurs</span> during these <span class="hlt">events</span> is direct electron precipitation into the ionosphere, which form auroral precipitation. Using global kinetic simulations along with spacecraft and ground-based data, causes of electron precipitation are determined during well-documented, disturbed <span class="hlt">events</span>. It is found that precipitation of keV electrons in the pre-midnight sector at latitudes around 70(°) <span class="hlt">occur</span> due to two distinct physical processes: (1) higher latitude (≥72(°) ) precipitation due to electrons that undergo relatively rapid non-adiabatic pitch angle scattering into the loss cone just earthward of the reconnection region at around 20 R_E downtail, and (2) lower latitude (≤72(°) ) precipitation due to electrons that are more gradually accelerated primarily parallel to the geomagnetic field during its bounce motion by Fermi acceleration and enter the loss cone much closer to the Earth at 10-15 R_E, somewhat tailward of the dipolarization front. As the dipolarization fronts propagate earthward, the electron precipitation shifts to lower latitudes and <span class="hlt">occurs</span> over a wider region in the auroral ionosphere. Our results show a direct connection between electron acceleration in the magnetotail and electron precipitation in the ionosphere during disturbed times. The electron</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29270821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29270821"><span>Safety in the operating room during orthopedic trauma surgery-incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to technical equipment and logistics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Delft, E A K; Schepers, T; Bonjer, H J; Kerkhoffs, G M M J; Goslings, J C; Schep, N W L</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Safety in the operating room is widely debated. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> during surgery are potentially dangerous for the patient and staff. The incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> during orthopedic trauma surgery is unknown. Therefore, we performed a study to quantify the incidence of these adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. Primary objective was to determine the incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to technical equipment and logistics. The secondary objective was to evaluate the consequences of these adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. We completed a cross-sectional observational study to assess the incidence, consequences and preventability of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to technical equipment and logistics during orthopedic trauma surgery. During a 10 week period, all orthopedic trauma operations were evaluated by an observer. Six types of procedures were differentiated: osteosynthesis; arthroscopy; removal of hardware; joint replacement; bone grafting and other. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were divided in six categories: staff dependent factors; patient dependent factors; anaesthesia; imaging equipment; operation room equipment and instruments and implants. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were defined as any factor affecting the surgical procedure in a negative way. Hundred-fifty operative procedures were included. In 54% of the procedures, at least one adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. In total, 147 adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>, with a range of 1-5 per procedure. Most adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during joint replacement procedures. Thirty-seven percent of the incidents concerned defect, incorrect connected or absent instruments. In 36% of the procedures adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> resulted in a prolonged operation time with a median prolongation of 10.0 min. In more than half of orthopedic trauma surgical procedures adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to technical equipment and logistics <span class="hlt">occurred</span>, most of them could easily be prevented. These adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> could endanger the safety of the patient and staff and should therefore be reduced. 4.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821761','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821761"><span>Learning and remembering real-world <span class="hlt">events</span> after medial temporal lobe damage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dede, Adam J O; Frascino, Jennifer C; Wixted, John T; Squire, Larry R</p> <p>2016-11-22</p> <p>The hippocampus is important for autobiographical memory, but its role is unclear. In the study, patients with hippocampal damage and controls were taken on a 25-min walk on the University of California, San Diego, campus during which 11 planned <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Memory was tested directly after the walk. In addition, a second group of controls took the same walk and were tested after 1 mo. Patients with hippocampal damage remembered fewer details than controls tested directly after the walk but remembered a similar number of details as controls tested after 1 mo. Notably, the details that were reported by patients had the characteristics of episodic recollection and included references to particular places and <span class="hlt">events</span>. Patients exhibited no special difficulty remembering spatial details in comparison with nonspatial details. Last, whereas both control groups tended to recall the <span class="hlt">events</span> of the walk in chronological order, the order in which patients recalled the <span class="hlt">events</span> was unrelated to the order in which they <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. The findings illuminate the role of the hippocampus in autobiographical memory and in the spatial and nonspatial aspects of episodic recollection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28841550','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28841550"><span>Scalable Joint Models for Reliable Uncertainty-Aware <span class="hlt">Event</span> Prediction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Soleimani, Hossein; Hensman, James; Saria, Suchi</p> <p>2017-08-21</p> <p>Missing data and noisy observations pose significant challenges for reliably predicting <span class="hlt">events</span> from irregularly sampled multivariate time series (longitudinal) data. Imputation methods, which are typically used for completing the data prior to <span class="hlt">event</span> prediction, lack a principled mechanism to account for the uncertainty due to missingness. Alternatively, state-of-the-art joint modeling techniques can be used for jointly modeling the longitudinal and <span class="hlt">event</span> data and compute <span class="hlt">event</span> probabilities conditioned on the longitudinal observations. These approaches, however, make strong parametric assumptions and do not easily scale to multivariate signals with many observations. Our proposed approach consists of several <span class="hlt">key</span> innovations. First, we develop a flexible and scalable joint model based upon sparse multiple-output Gaussian processes. Unlike state-of-the-art joint models, the proposed model can explain highly challenging structure including non-Gaussian noise while scaling to large data. Second, we derive an optimal policy for predicting <span class="hlt">events</span> using the distribution of the <span class="hlt">event</span> occurrence estimated by the joint model. The derived policy trades-off the cost of a delayed detection versus incorrect assessments and abstains from making decisions when the estimated <span class="hlt">event</span> probability does not satisfy the derived confidence criteria. Experiments on a large dataset show that the proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in <span class="hlt">event</span> prediction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2695355','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2695355"><span>ANTECEDENT VERSUS CONSEQUENT <span class="hlt">EVENTS</span> AS PREDICTORS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Camp, Erin M; Iwata, Brian A; Hammond, Jennifer L; Bloom, Sarah E</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Comparisons of results from descriptive and functional analyses of problem behavior generally have shown poor correspondence. Most descriptive analyses have focused on relations between consequent <span class="hlt">events</span> and behavior, and it has been noted that attention is a common consequence for problem behavior even though it may not be a functional reinforcer. Because attention may be prescribed simply as a means of stopping serious problem behavior, it is possible that naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> antecedent <span class="hlt">events</span> (establishing operations) might be better predictors of problem behavior than consequences. We conducted descriptive and functional analyses of the problem behaviors of 7 participants. Conditional probabilities based on combined antecedent and consequent <span class="hlt">events</span> showed correspondence with the functional analysis data for 4 of the 7 participants, but antecedent <span class="hlt">events</span> were no better than consequent <span class="hlt">events</span> in identifying the function of problem behavior. PMID:19949538</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSH41B2533S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSH41B2533S"><span>Solar Energetic Particle <span class="hlt">Events</span> and CME Accelerations in the Low Corona: MLSO Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>St Cyr, O. C.; Kahler, S. W.; Richardson, I. G.; Cane, H. V.; Xie, H.; Burkepile, J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The low solar corona (< 2.5 Rs) is the region in which maximum coronal mass ejection (CME) acceleration <span class="hlt">occurs</span> and where Type II radio observations suggest that shock formation <span class="hlt">occurs</span> (Mäkelä et al., 2015). It is therefore a <span class="hlt">key</span> region for investigations of solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration by CME-driven shocks. Observations very low in the corona are necessary to detect the rapid CME accelerations leading to shock formation and to assess the speeds of CMEs through the middle corona. However, these observations cannot be made by space borne coronagraphs in which CME trajectories above the occulting disk are usually characterized by a single (constant) speed: e.g., 80% of the speeds in the compilation of SMM CMEs (Burkepile and St. Cyr, 1993) and SOHO LASCO CMEs (St. Cyr et al., 2000). The Mk3/Mk4/K-Cor coronameters at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory are able to measure the initial accelerations of CMEs low in the corona (i.e., < 2 Rs). We examine a subset of CMEs that were associated with SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> between 1980-present. The subset is based on the CME launch <span class="hlt">occurring</span> between 16 UT - 01 UT - the MLSO observing window. In most cases, the CME accelerations are significantly larger than those measured by spaceborne coronagraphs (e.g., SMM, Solwind, LASCO, SECCHI). We will present the preliminary results of a comparison of the SEP parameters with initial CME accelerations in the MLSO coronagraph field of view.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10190E..0FJ','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10190E..0FJ"><span>Discovering anomalous <span class="hlt">events</span> from urban informatics data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jayarajah, Kasthuri; Subbaraju, Vigneshwaran; Weerakoon, Dulanga; Misra, Archan; Tam, La Thanh; Athaide, Noel</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Singapore's "smart city" agenda is driving the government to provide public access to a broader variety of urban informatics sources, such as images from traffic cameras and information about buses servicing different bus stops. Such informatics data serves as probes of evolving conditions at different spatiotemporal scales. This paper explores how such multi-modal informatics data can be used to establish the normal operating conditions at different city locations, and then apply appropriate outlier-based analysis techniques to identify anomalous <span class="hlt">events</span> at these selected locations. We will introduce the overall architecture of sociophysical analytics, where such infrastructural data sources can be combined with social media analytics to not only detect such anomalous <span class="hlt">events</span>, but also localize and explain them. Using the annual Formula-1 race as our candidate <span class="hlt">event</span>, we demonstrate a <span class="hlt">key</span> difference between the discriminative capabilities of different sensing modes: while social media streams provide discriminative signals during or prior to the occurrence of such an <span class="hlt">event</span>, urban informatics data can often reveal patterns that have higher persistence, including before and after the <span class="hlt">event</span>. In particular, we shall demonstrate how combining data from (i) publicly available Tweets, (ii) crowd levels aboard buses, and (iii) traffic cameras can help identify the Formula-1 driven anomalies, across different spatiotemporal boundaries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6385247-ion-componsition-zipper-events','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6385247-ion-componsition-zipper-events"><span>Ion componsition of zipper <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kaye, S.M.; Shelley, E.G.; Sharp, R.D.</p> <p>1981-05-01</p> <p>A class of ion distributions has recently been identified by Fennell et al. (this issue). The distributions are composed of two components, a low-energy component with peak fluxes directed along the field line and a high-energy component with peak fluxes in the perpendicular direction. The transiton between the two components <span class="hlt">occur</span> over a very narrow range of energies but can <span class="hlt">occur</span> anywhere between approximately several hundred electron volts and 20 keV. Because of the appearance of this distribution on an energy versus time spectrogram, the ion <span class="hlt">events</span> have been called zippers. The purpose of this report is to examine themore » mass composition of the zipper <span class="hlt">events</span>. We find that the low-energy and parallel component is composed primarily of O/sup +/, with, to a lesser degree, H/sup +/ and a trace of He/sup +/. The high-energy and perpendicular component is predominantly H/sup +/, with the relative abundances of O/sup +/ and He/sup +/ down from those of the low-energy component by a factor of approx.10. These results suggest that whereas the low-energy component is probably ionospheric in origin, the source of the high-energy components is most probably the plsamasheet.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3426157','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3426157"><span>The stressed eyewitness: the interaction of thematic arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress in memory for central and peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> information</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Echterhoff, Gerald; Wolf, Oliver T.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Both arousal during the encoding of stimuli and subsequent stress can affect memory, often by increasing memory for important or central information. We explored whether <span class="hlt">event</span>-based (thematic) arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress interact to selectively enhance eyewitnesses' memory for the central aspects of an observed incident. Specifically, we argue that memory for stimuli should be enhanced when (1) the stimuli are encoded under arousal (vs. non-arousal), and (2) stress is experienced soon after the encoding episode. We designed an experiment that extended previous research by manipulating arousal without changing the stimulus material, distinguishing between central and peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> information, and using a dynamic, life-like <span class="hlt">event</span> instead of static pictures. After watching a video depicting a burglary under high or low thematic arousal, psychosocial stress was induced or not induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Salivary cortisol was measured at standard intervals. Consistent with our prediction, we found a significant post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress × thematic arousal × centrality interaction, indicating that the recognition advantage for central <span class="hlt">event</span> items over peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> items was most pronounced under both high thematic arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress. Because stress was induced after encoding this interaction cannot be explained by possible differences at encoding, such as narrowed attention. The centrality effect of post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress under high thematic arousal was statistically mediated by the cortisol increase, which suggests a <span class="hlt">key</span> role of the stress hormone. We discuss implications of our findings for psychological and neuroscientific theories of emotional memory formation. PMID:22936900</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936900','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936900"><span>The stressed eyewitness: the interaction of thematic arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress in memory for central and peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> information.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Echterhoff, Gerald; Wolf, Oliver T</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Both arousal during the encoding of stimuli and subsequent stress can affect memory, often by increasing memory for important or central information. We explored whether <span class="hlt">event</span>-based (thematic) arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress interact to selectively enhance eyewitnesses' memory for the central aspects of an observed incident. Specifically, we argue that memory for stimuli should be enhanced when (1) the stimuli are encoded under arousal (vs. non-arousal), and (2) stress is experienced soon after the encoding episode. We designed an experiment that extended previous research by manipulating arousal without changing the stimulus material, distinguishing between central and peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> information, and using a dynamic, life-like <span class="hlt">event</span> instead of static pictures. After watching a video depicting a burglary under high or low thematic arousal, psychosocial stress was induced or not induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Salivary cortisol was measured at standard intervals. Consistent with our prediction, we found a significant post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress × thematic arousal × centrality interaction, indicating that the recognition advantage for central <span class="hlt">event</span> items over peripheral <span class="hlt">event</span> items was most pronounced under both high thematic arousal and post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress. Because stress was induced after encoding this interaction cannot be explained by possible differences at encoding, such as narrowed attention. The centrality effect of post-<span class="hlt">event</span> stress under high thematic arousal was statistically mediated by the cortisol increase, which suggests a <span class="hlt">key</span> role of the stress hormone. We discuss implications of our findings for psychological and neuroscientific theories of emotional memory formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S23D..08N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.S23D..08N"><span>Earthquake doublet that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in a pull-apart basin along the Sumatran fault and its seismotectonic implication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nakano, M.; Kumagai, H.; Yamashina, T.; Inoue, H.; Toda, S.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>On March 6, 2007, an earthquake doublet <span class="hlt">occurred</span> around Lake Singkarak, central Sumatra in Indonesia. An earthquake with magnitude (Mw) 6.4 at 03:49 is followed two hours later (05:49) by a similar-size <span class="hlt">event</span> (Mw 6.3). Lake Singkarak is located between the Sianok and Sumani fault segments of the Sumatran fault system, and is a pull-apart basin formed at the segment boundary. We investigate source processes of the earthquakes using waveform data obtained from JISNET, which is a broad-band seismograph network in Indonesia. We first estimate the centroid source locations and focal mechanisms by the waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. Since stations are distributed almost linearly in the NW-SE direction coincident with the Sumatran fault strike direction, the estimated centroid locations are not well resolved especially in the direction orthogonal to the NW-SE direction. If we assume that these earthquakes <span class="hlt">occurred</span> along the Sumatran fault, the first earthquake is located on the Sumani segment below Lake Singkarak and the second <span class="hlt">event</span> is located at a few tens of kilometers north of the first <span class="hlt">event</span> on the Sianok segment. The focal mechanisms of both <span class="hlt">events</span> point to almost identical right-lateral strike-slip vertical faulting, which is consistent with the geometry of the Sumatran fault system. We next investigate the rupture initiation points using the particle motions of the P-waves of these earthquakes observed at station PPI, which is located about 20 km north of the Lake Singkarak. The initiation point of the first <span class="hlt">event</span> is estimated in the north of the lake, which corresponds to the northern end of the Sumani segment. The initiation point of the second <span class="hlt">event</span> is estimated at the southern end of the Sianok segment. The observed maximum amplitudes at stations located in the SE of the source region show larger amplitudes for the first <span class="hlt">event</span> than those for the second one. On the other hand, the amplitudes at station BSI located in the NW of the source</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA03890.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA03890.html"><span>Florida <span class="hlt">Keys</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-12-13</p> <p>The Florida <span class="hlt">Keys</span> are a chain of islands, islets and reefs extending from Virginia <span class="hlt">Key</span> to the Dry Tortugas for about 309 kilometers (192 miles). The <span class="hlt">keys</span> are chiefly limestone and coral formations. The larger islands of the group are <span class="hlt">Key</span> West (with its airport), <span class="hlt">Key</span> Largo, Sugarloaf <span class="hlt">Key</span>, and Boca Chica <span class="hlt">Key</span>. A causeway extends from the mainland to <span class="hlt">Key</span> West. This image was acquired on October 28, 2001, by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra satellite. With its 14 spectral bands from the visible to the thermal infrared wavelength region, and its high spatial resolution of 15 to 90 meters (about 50 to 300 feet), ASTER images Earth to map and monitor the changing surface of our planet. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03890</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063282','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063282"><span>Hypothetical scenario exercises to improve planning and readiness for drinking water quality management during extreme weather <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deere, Daniel; Leusch, Frederic D L; Humpage, Andrew; Cunliffe, David; Khan, Stuart J</p> <p>2017-03-15</p> <p>Two hypothetical scenario exercises were designed and conducted to reflect the increasingly extreme weather-related challenges faced by water utilities as the global climate changes. The first <span class="hlt">event</span> was based on an extreme flood scenario. The second scenario involved a combination of weather <span class="hlt">events</span>, including a wild forest fire ('bushfire') followed by runoff due to significant rainfall. For each scenario, a panel of diverse personnel from water utilities and relevant agencies (e.g. health departments) formed a hypothetical water utility and associated regulatory body to manage water quality following the simulated extreme weather <span class="hlt">event</span>. A larger audience participated by asking questions and contributing <span class="hlt">key</span> insights. Participants were confronted with unanticipated developments as the simulated scenarios unfolded, introduced by a facilitator. Participants were presented with information that may have challenged their conventional experiences regarding operational procedures in order to identify limitations in current procedures, assumptions, and readily available information. The process worked toward the identification of a list of specific <span class="hlt">key</span> lessons for each <span class="hlt">event</span>. At the conclusion of each simulation a facilitated discussion was used to establish <span class="hlt">key</span> lessons of value to water utilities in preparing them for similar future extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1051298','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1051298"><span>Propagating Molecular Recognition <span class="hlt">Events</span> through Highly Integrated Sense-Response Chemical Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Propagating Molecular Recognition <span class="hlt">Events</span> through Highly Integrated Sense-Response Chemical Systems The views, opinions and/or findings contained in...University of California - San Diego Title: Propagating Molecular Recognition <span class="hlt">Events</span> through Highly Integrated Sense-Response Chemical Systems Report Term...including enzymatic reactions , <span class="hlt">occurring</span> at the aqueous interfaces of thermotropic LCs show promise as the basis of biomolecular triggers of LC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3962249','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3962249"><span>Multiple hybridization <span class="hlt">events</span> in Cardamine (Brassicaceae) during the last 150 years: revisiting a textbook example of neoallopolyploidy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zozomová-Lihová, Judita; Krak, Karol; Mandáková, Terezie; Shimizu, Kentaro K.; Španiel, Stanislav; Vít, Petr; Lysak, Martin A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background and Aims Recently formed allopolyploid species represent excellent subjects for exploring early stages of polyploid evolution. The hexaploid Cardamine schulzii was regarded as one of the few nascent allopolyploid species formed within the past ∼150 years that presumably arose by autopolyploidization of a triploid hybrid, C. × insueta; however, the most recent investigations have shown that it is a trigenomic hybrid. The aims of this study were to explore the efficiency of progenitor-specific microsatellite markers in detecting the hybrid origins and genome composition of these two allopolyploids, to estimate the frequency of polyploid formation <span class="hlt">events</span>, and to outline their evolutionary potential for long-term persistence and speciation. Methods Flow-cytometric ploidy-level screening and genotyping by progenitor-specific microsatellite markers (20 microsatellite loci) were carried out on samples focused on hybridizing populations at Urnerboden, Switzerland, but also including comparative material of the parental species from other sites in the Alps and more distant areas. <span class="hlt">Key</span> Results It was confirmed that hybridization between the diploids C. amara and C. rivularis auct. gave rise to triploid C. × insueta, and it is inferred that this has <span class="hlt">occurred</span> repeatedly. Evidence is provided that C. schulzii comprises three parental genomes and supports its origin from hybridization <span class="hlt">events</span> between C. × insueta and the locally co-<span class="hlt">occurring</span> hypotetraploid C. pratensis, leading to two cytotypes of C. schulzii: hypopentaploid and hypohexaploid. Each cytotype of C. schulzii is genetically uniform, suggesting their single origins. Conclusions Persistence of C. schulzii has presumably been achieved only by perennial growth and clonal reproduction. This contrasts with C. × insueta, in which multiple origins and occasional sexual reproduction have generated sufficient genetic variation for long-term survival and evolutionary success. This study illustrates a complex</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380843','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380843"><span>Phylogenetic pinpointing of a paleopolyploidy <span class="hlt">event</span> within the flax genus (Linum) using transcriptomics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sveinsson, Saemundur; McDill, Joshua; Wong, Gane K S; Li, Juanjuan; Li, Xia; Deyholos, Michael K; Cronk, Quentin C B</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum) is known to have undergone a whole-genome duplication around 5-9 million years ago. The aim of this study was to investigate whether other whole-genome duplication <span class="hlt">events</span> have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the evolutionary history of cultivated flax. Knowledge of such whole-genome duplications will be important in understanding the biology and genomics of cultivated flax. Transcriptomes of 11 Linum species were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The short reads were assembled de novo and the DupPipe pipeline was used to look for signatures of polyploidy <span class="hlt">events</span> from the age distribution of paralogues. In addition, phylogenies of all paralogues were assembled within an estimated age window of interest. These phylogenies were assessed for evidence of a paleopolyploidy <span class="hlt">event</span> within the genus Linum. A previously unknown paleopolyploidy <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> 20-40 million years ago was discovered and shown to be specific to a clade within Linum containing cultivated flax (L. usitatissimum) and other mainly blue-flowered species. The finding was supported by two lines of evidence. First, a significant change of slope (peak) was shown in the age distribution of paralogues that was phylogenetically restricted to, and ubiquitous in, this clade. Second, a large number of paralogue phylogenies were retrieved that are consistent with a polyploidy <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> within that clade. The results show the utility of multi-species transcriptomics for detecting whole-genome duplication <span class="hlt">events</span> and demonstrate that that multiple rounds of polyploidy have been important in shaping the evolutionary history of flax. Understanding and characterizing these whole-genome duplication <span class="hlt">events</span> will be important for future Linum research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989554','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989554"><span>Processing of musical syntax tonic versus subdominant: an <span class="hlt">event</span>-related potential study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poulin-Charronnat, Bénédicte; Bigand, Emmanuel; Koelsch, Stefan</p> <p>2006-09-01</p> <p>The present study investigates the effect of a change in syntactic-like musical function on <span class="hlt">event</span>-related brain potentials (ERPs). Eight-chord piano sequences were presented to musically expert and novice listeners. Instructed to watch a movie and to ignore the musical sequences, the participants had to react when a chord was played with a different instrument than the piano. Participants were not informed that the relevant manipulation was the musical function of the last chord (target) of the sequences. The target chord acted either as a syntactically stable tonic chord (i.e., a C major chord in the <span class="hlt">key</span> of C major) or as a less syntactically stable subdominant chord (i.e., a C major chord in the <span class="hlt">key</span> of G major). The critical aspect of the results related to the impact such a manipulation had on the ERPs. An N5-like frontal negative component was found to be larger for subdominant than for tonic chords and attained significance only in musically expert listeners. These findings suggest that the subdominant chord is more difficult to integrate with the previous context than the tonic chord (as indexing by the observed N5) and that the processing of a small change in musical function <span class="hlt">occurs</span> in an automatic way in musically expert listeners. The present results are discussed in relation to previous studies investigating harmonic violations with ERPs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475807','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475807"><span>The occurrence of respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> in young subjects with a frequent rhythmic masticatory muscle activity: a pilot study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsujisaka, Akiko; Haraki, Shingo; Nonoue, Shigeru; Mikami, Akira; Adachi, Hiroyoshi; Mizumori, Takahiro; Yatani, Hirofumi; Yoshida, Atsushi; Kato, Takafumi</p> <p>2018-02-21</p> <p>Concomitant occurrence of respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> can be often overlooked in the clinical practice of SB. This study assessed physiological characteristics of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) and concomitant respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> in young SB subjects asymptomatic to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Twenty-two subjects (age: 24.1±1.9years; F 8: M 14; BMI: 20.2±1.9kg/m 2 ) were polysomnographically diagnosed as moderate-severe SB. Sleep architecture, oromotor (RMMA and non-specific masseter activity [NSMA]) and apnea/hypopnea <span class="hlt">events</span> were scored. All subjects showed normal sleep architecture whereas 6 exhibited respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> at a mild level of OSA. In all subjects, RMMA predominantly <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in Stage N1+N2 while NSMA <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in Stage N1+N2 (approximately 60 %) and in Stage R (up to 30 %). Up to 50% of respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> were scored in Stage R. RMMA <span class="hlt">occurred</span> more frequently in close association (e.g., within 10s) with respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> in 6 subjects with OSA than those without. The percentage of RMMA <span class="hlt">occurring</span> closely to respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> was positively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in Stage N1+N2 only while that of NSMA was positively correlated with AHI in Stage N1+N2 and Stage R. A sub-analysis in 6 subjects with OSA, RMMA after respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> was followed to arousals while those before respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> were mostly associated with central apnea. A subpopulation of young SB subjects can show concomitant respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span>. Further large sample studies are needed to demonstrate that the occurrence of subclinical respiratory <span class="hlt">events</span> represents a clinical subtype of SB. Copyright © 2017 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1897P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1897P"><span>Intra-seasonal Characteristics of Wintertime Extreme Cold <span class="hlt">Events</span> over South Korea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Taewon; Jeong, Jeehoon; Choi, Jahyun</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The present study reveals the changes in the characteristics of extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> over South Korea for boreal winter (November to March) in terms of the intra-seasonal variability of frequency, duration, and atmospheric circulation pattern. Influences of large-scale variabilities such as the Siberian High activity, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> are also investigated. In the early and the late of the winter during November and March, the upper-tropospheric wave-train for a life-cycle of the extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> tends to pass quickly over East Asia. In addition, compared with the other months, the intensity of the Siberian High is weaker and the occurrences of strong negative AO are less frequent. It lead to <span class="hlt">events</span> with weak amplitude and short duration. On the other hand, the amplified Siberian High and the strong negative AO <span class="hlt">occur</span> more frequently in the mid of the winter from December to February. The extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> are mainly characterized by a well-organized anticyclonic blocking around the Ural Mountain and the Subarctic. These large-scale circulation makes the extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> for the midwinter last long with strong amplitude. The MJO phases 2-3 which provide a suitable condition for the amplification of extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> frequently for November to January when the frequencies are more than twice those for February and March. While the extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> during March have the least frequency, the weakest amplitude, and the shortest duration due to weak impacts of the abovementioned factors, the strong activities of the factors for January force the extreme cold <span class="hlt">events</span> to be the most frequent, the strongest, and the longest among the boreal winter. Keywords extreme cold <span class="hlt">event</span>, wave-train, blocking, Siberian High, AO, MJO</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687354','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687354"><span>Swallow <span class="hlt">Event</span> Sequencing: Comparing Healthy Older and Younger Adults.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Herzberg, Erica G; Lazarus, Cathy L; Steele, Catriona M; Molfenter, Sonja M</p> <p>2018-04-23</p> <p>Previous research has established that a great deal of variation exists in the temporal sequence of swallowing <span class="hlt">events</span> for healthy adults. Yet, the impact of aging on swallow <span class="hlt">event</span> sequence is not well understood. Kendall et al. (Dysphagia 18(2):85-91, 2003) suggested there are 4 obligatory paired-<span class="hlt">event</span> sequences in swallowing. We directly compared adherence to these sequences, as well as <span class="hlt">event</span> latencies, and quantified the percentage of unique sequences in two samples of healthy adults: young (< 45) and old (> 65). The 8 swallowing <span class="hlt">events</span> that contribute to the sequences were reliably identified from videofluoroscopy in a sample of 23 healthy seniors (10 male, mean age 74.7) and 20 healthy young adults (10 male, mean age 31.5) with no evidence of penetration-aspiration or post-swallow residue. Chi-square analyses compared the proportions of obligatory pairs and unique sequences by age group. Compared to the older subjects, younger subjects had significantly lower adherence to two obligatory sequences: Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) opening <span class="hlt">occurs</span> before (or simultaneous with) the bolus arriving at the UES and UES maximum distention <span class="hlt">occurs</span> before maximum pharyngeal constriction. The associated latencies were significantly different between age groups as well. Further, significantly fewer unique swallow sequences were observed in the older group (61%) compared with the young (82%) (χ 2  = 31.8; p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that paired swallow <span class="hlt">event</span> sequences may not be robust across the age continuum and that variation in swallow sequences appears to decrease with aging. These findings provide normative references for comparisons to older individuals with dysphagia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416432"><span>Identification of <span class="hlt">key</span> climatic factors regulating the transport of pesticides in leaching and to tile drains.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nolan, Bernard T; Dubus, Igor G; Surdyk, Nicolas; Fowler, Hayley J; Burton, Aidan; Hollis, John M; Reichenberger, Stefan; Jarvis, Nicholas J</p> <p>2008-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Key</span> climatic factors influencing the transport of pesticides to drains and to depth were identified. Climatic characteristics such as the timing of rainfall in relation to pesticide application may be more critical than average annual temperature and rainfall. The fate of three pesticides was simulated in nine contrasting soil types for two seasons, five application dates and six synthetic weather data series using the MACRO model, and predicted cumulative pesticide loads were analysed using statistical methods. Classification trees and Pearson correlations indicated that simulated losses in excess of 75th percentile values (0.046 mg m(-2) for leaching, 0.042 mg m(-2) for drainage) generally <span class="hlt">occurred</span> with large rainfall <span class="hlt">events</span> following autumn application on clay soils, for both leaching and drainage scenarios. The amount and timing of winter rainfall were important factors, whatever the application period, and these interacted strongly with soil texture and pesticide mobility and persistence. Winter rainfall primarily influenced losses of less mobile and more persistent compounds, while short-term rainfall and temperature controlled leaching of the more mobile pesticides. Numerous climatic characteristics influenced pesticide loss, including the amount of precipitation as well as the timing of rainfall and extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> in relation to application date. Information regarding the relative influence of the climatic characteristics evaluated here can support the development of a climatic zonation for European-scale risk assessment for pesticide fate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294745','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294745"><span>An analysis of post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing in social anxiety disorder.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brozovich, Faith; Heimberg, Richard G</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>Research has demonstrated that self-focused thoughts and negative affect have a reciprocal relationship [Mor, N., Winquist, J. (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 638-662]. In the anxiety disorder literature, post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing has emerged as a specific construction of repetitive self-focused thoughts that pertain to social anxiety disorder. Post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing can be defined as an individual's repeated consideration and potential reconstruction of his performance following a social situation. Post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing can also <span class="hlt">occur</span> when an individual anticipates a social or performance <span class="hlt">event</span> and begins to brood about other, past social experiences. The present review examined the post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing literature in an attempt to organize and highlight the significant results. The methodologies employed to study post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing have included self-report measures, daily diaries, social or performance situations created in the laboratory, and experimental manipulations of post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing or anticipation of an upcoming <span class="hlt">event</span>. Directions for future research on post-<span class="hlt">event</span> processing are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868465','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868465"><span>Treatment and prevention of pediatric heat-related illnesses at mass gatherings and special <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bernardo, Lisa Marie; Crane, Patricia A; Veenema, Tener Goodwin</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Pediatric heat-related illnesses are likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> during mass gatherings and special <span class="hlt">events</span>. Because critical care nurses may be called upon to provide care during such <span class="hlt">events</span>, education in the recognition, treatment, and prevention of these illnesses is essential. This article describes the pathophysiology of heat-related illnesses and their recognition and treatment at mass gatherings and special <span class="hlt">events</span>. Interventions to prevent heat-related illnesses at these <span class="hlt">events</span> are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C53A0703C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C53A0703C"><span>Seismic <span class="hlt">Events</span> and Tidal Forces near the Grounding Line of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cooley, J.; Winberry, J. P.; Conway, H.; Koutnik, M. R.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Ice shelves are floating extensions of large ice sheets. Weakening or break-up of these ice shelves allow ice upstream to move off the continent at increased rates, contributing to sea level rise. One prominent mechanism by which shelves are weakened is through crevasse formation. Icequakes are small magnitude seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> within a volume of ice which reveal areas where crevasses on an ice shelf might form, providing insight into ice shelf stability. The processes that drive these crevassing <span class="hlt">events</span> are not well-understood, but past research on icequakes near the grounding line has found a correlation with tide. During high tide, there is a large mass of water pushing against the ice shelf, compressing it. As the tide falls, so does this pressure, allowing the ice shelf to stretch. This creates an enormous amount of stress, released as crevasses, near the grounding line. Preliminary examination of data taken over a three week period in the austral summer of 2013/14 at Beardmore Glacier also reveals a tidal correlation, but with rising tide playing a bigger role than previously thought. I aim to find a pattern in the physical locations of <span class="hlt">events</span> which separates those that <span class="hlt">occur</span> during rising tide from those that <span class="hlt">occur</span> during falling tide, to take steps in understanding what constraint rising tide could have on the creation of crevasses. Research methods involve programming scripts to automate counting of <span class="hlt">events</span>, locating the epicenters with beamforming, calculating the local magnitudes of the <span class="hlt">events</span>, and utilizing processed GPS data to correlate the <span class="hlt">events</span> to ocean tide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29404404','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29404404"><span>Areas prone to slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> impede earthquake rupture propagation and promote afterslip.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rolandone, Frederique; Nocquet, Jean-Mathieu; Mothes, Patricia A; Jarrin, Paul; Vallée, Martin; Cubas, Nadaya; Hernandez, Stephen; Plain, Morgan; Vaca, Sandro; Font, Yvonne</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>At subduction zones, transient aseismic slip <span class="hlt">occurs</span> either as afterslip following a large earthquake or as episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> during the interseismic period. Afterslip and slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> are usually considered as distinct processes <span class="hlt">occurring</span> on separate fault areas governed by different frictional properties. Continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements following the 2016 M w (moment magnitude) 7.8 Ecuador earthquake reveal that large and rapid afterslip developed at discrete areas of the megathrust that had previously hosted slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span>. Regardless of whether they were locked or not before the earthquake, these areas appear to persistently release stress by aseismic slip throughout the earthquake cycle and outline the seismic rupture, an observation potentially leading to a better anticipation of future large earthquakes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5796792','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5796792"><span>Areas prone to slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> impede earthquake rupture propagation and promote afterslip</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rolandone, Frederique; Nocquet, Jean-Mathieu; Mothes, Patricia A.; Jarrin, Paul; Vallée, Martin; Cubas, Nadaya; Hernandez, Stephen; Plain, Morgan; Vaca, Sandro; Font, Yvonne</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>At subduction zones, transient aseismic slip <span class="hlt">occurs</span> either as afterslip following a large earthquake or as episodic slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> during the interseismic period. Afterslip and slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> are usually considered as distinct processes <span class="hlt">occurring</span> on separate fault areas governed by different frictional properties. Continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements following the 2016 Mw (moment magnitude) 7.8 Ecuador earthquake reveal that large and rapid afterslip developed at discrete areas of the megathrust that had previously hosted slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span>. Regardless of whether they were locked or not before the earthquake, these areas appear to persistently release stress by aseismic slip throughout the earthquake cycle and outline the seismic rupture, an observation potentially leading to a better anticipation of future large earthquakes. PMID:29404404</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690094"><span>Summarizing the incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> using volcano plots and time intervals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zink, Richard C; Wolfinger, Russell D; Mann, Geoffrey</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> incidence analyses are a critical component for describing the safety profile of any new intervention. The results typically are presented in lengthy summary tables. For therapeutic areas where patients have frequent adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, analysis and interpretation are made more difficult by the sheer number and variety of <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span>. Understanding the risk in these instances becomes even more crucial. We describe a space-saving graphical summary that overcomes the limitations of traditional presentations of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and improves interpretability of the safety profile. We present incidence analyses of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> graphically using volcano plots to highlight treatment differences. Data from a clinical trial of patients experiencing an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are used for illustration. Adjustments for multiplicity are illustrated. Color is used to indicate the treatment with higher incidence; bubble size represents the total number of <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in the treatment arms combined. Adjustments for multiple comparisons are displayed in a manner to indicate clearly those <span class="hlt">events</span> for which the difference between treatment arms is statistically significant. Furthermore, adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> can be displayed by time intervals, with multiple volcano plots or animation to appreciate changes in adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> risk over time. Such presentations can emphasize early differences across treatments that may resolve later or highlight <span class="hlt">events</span> for which treatment differences may become more substantial with longer follow-up. Treatment arms are compared in a pairwise fashion. Volcano plots are space-saving tools that emphasize important differences between the adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> profiles of two treatment arms. They can incorporate multiplicity adjustments in a manner that is straightforward to interpret and, by using time intervals, can illustrate how adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> risk changes over the course of a clinical trial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29626562','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29626562"><span>A human relevance investigation of PPARα-mediated <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> in the hepatocarcinogenic mode of action of propaquizafop in rats.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strupp, Christian; Bomann, Werner H; Spézia, François; Gervais, Frédéric; Forster, Roy; Richert, Lysiane; Singh, Pramila</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Propaquizafop is an herbicide with demonstrated hepatocarcinogenic activity in rodents. A rodent-specific mode of action (MOA) in the liver via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been postulated based on existing data. Experience with PPARα-inducing pharmaceuticals indicates a lack of human relevance of this MOA. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the dependency of early <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> leading to liver tumors on PPARα activation in wildtype (WT) compared to PPARα-knockout (KO) rats following 2 weeks exposure to 75, 500 and 1000 ppm propaquizafop in the diet. In WT rats, both WY-14643 (50 mg/kg bw/day) and propaquizafop (dose-dependently) induced marked increases in liver weights, correlating with liver enlargement and hepatocellular hypertrophy, along with increased CYP4A and acyl-CoA oxidase mRNA expression and enzyme activities versus controls, while in KO rats liver weight was mildly increased only at the high dose with minimal microscopic correlates and without any changes in liver peroxisomal or CYP4A activities. In addition, BrdU labeling resulted in higher numbers and density of positive hepatocytes versus controls in WT but not in KO rats, indicating increased mitotic activity and cell proliferation only in WT rats, thus confirming the PPARα-dependency of the biochemical and histological changes in the liver. Based on an assessment of the results of this investigation, together with existing propaquizafop data according to the MOA-Human Relevance Framework, we conclude that liver tumors observed in rodents after dietary administration of propaquizafop do not pose a relevant health risk to humans. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160005853&hterms=thakur&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dthakur','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160005853&hterms=thakur&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dthakur"><span>Large Solar Energetic Particle <span class="hlt">Events</span> Associated With Filament Eruptions Outside Active Regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Makela, P.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Thakur, N.; Kahler, S. W.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>We report on four large filament eruptions (FEs) from solar cycles 23 and 24 that were associated with large solar energetic particle (SEP) <span class="hlt">events</span> and interplanetary type II radio bursts. The post-eruption arcades corresponded mostly to C-class soft X-ray enhancements, but an M1.0 flare was associated with one <span class="hlt">event</span>. However, the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were fast (speeds approx. 1000 km/s) and appeared as halo CMEs in the coronagraph field of view. The interplanetary type II radio bursts <span class="hlt">occurred</span> over a wide wavelength range, indicating the existence of strong shocks throughout the inner heliosphere. No metric type II bursts were present in three <span class="hlt">events</span>, indicating that the shocks formed beyond 2-3 Rs. In one case, there was a metric type II burst with low starting frequency, indicating a shock formation height of approx.2 Rs. The FE-associated SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> did have softer spectra (spectral index >4) in the 10-100 MeV range, but there were other low-intensity SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> with spectral indices ?4. Some of these <span class="hlt">events</span> are likely FE-SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>, but were not classified as such in the literature because they <span class="hlt">occurred</span> close to active regions. Some were definitely associated with large active region flares, but the shock formation height was large. We definitely find a diminished role for flares and complex type III burst durations in these large SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>. Fast CMEs and shock formation at larger distances from the Sun seem to be the primary characteristics of the FE-associated SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Key+AND+West&pg=3&id=EJ108997','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Key+AND+West&pg=3&id=EJ108997"><span>The Aesthetic Dilemma: Wallace Stevens'"The Idea of Order at <span class="hlt">Key</span> West"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Graham, John</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>Analyzes the growth, development, and change that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in Wallace Stevens' poetry, basing the argument on poems selected from different periods with special emphasis on "The Idea of Order at <span class="hlt">Key</span> West." (RB)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70146240','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70146240"><span>Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: scaling, <span class="hlt">event</span> statistics, and inter-<span class="hlt">event</span> triggering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Geist, Eric L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Observations related to tsunami catalogs are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. An examination of scaling relationships between earthquake size (as expressed by scalar seismic moment and mean slip) and tsunami size (as expressed by mean and maximum local run-up and maximum far-field amplitude) indicates that scaling is significant at the 95% confidence level, although there is uncertainty in how well earthquake size can predict tsunami size (R2 ~ 0.4-0.6). In examining tsunami <span class="hlt">event</span> statistics, current methods used to estimate the size distribution of earthquakes and landslides and the inter-<span class="hlt">event</span> time distribution of earthquakes are first reviewed. These methods are adapted to estimate the size and inter-<span class="hlt">event</span> distribution of tsunamis at a particular recording station. Using a modified Pareto size distribution, the best-fit power-law exponents of tsunamis recorded at nine Pacific tide-gauge stations exhibit marked variation, in contrast to the approximately constant power-law exponent for inter-plate thrust earthquakes. With regard to the inter-<span class="hlt">event</span> time distribution, significant temporal clustering of tsunami sources is demonstrated. For tsunami sources <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in close proximity to other sources in both space and time, a physical triggering mechanism, such as static stress transfer, is a likely cause for the anomalous clustering. Mechanisms of earthquake-to-earthquake and earthquake-to-landslide triggering are reviewed. Finally, a modification of statistical branching models developed for earthquake triggering is introduced to describe triggering among tsunami sources.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302089','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302089"><span>Rates of medical errors and preventable adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> among hospitalized children following implementation of a resident handoff bundle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Starmer, Amy J; Sectish, Theodore C; Simon, Dennis W; Keohane, Carol; McSweeney, Maireade E; Chung, Erica Y; Yoon, Catherine S; Lipsitz, Stuart R; Wassner, Ari J; Harper, Marvin B; Landrigan, Christopher P</p> <p>2013-12-04</p> <p>Handoff miscommunications are a leading cause of medical errors. Studies comprehensively assessing handoff improvement programs are lacking. To determine whether introduction of a multifaceted handoff program was associated with reduced rates of medical errors and preventable adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, fewer omissions of <span class="hlt">key</span> data in written handoffs, improved verbal handoffs, and changes in resident-physician workflow. Prospective intervention study of 1255 patient admissions (642 before and 613 after the intervention) involving 84 resident physicians (42 before and 42 after the intervention) from July-September 2009 and November 2009-January 2010 on 2 inpatient units at Boston Children's Hospital. Resident handoff bundle, consisting of standardized communication and handoff training, a verbal mnemonic, and a new team handoff structure. On one unit, a computerized handoff tool linked to the electronic medical record was introduced. The primary outcomes were the rates of medical errors and preventable adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> measured by daily systematic surveillance. The secondary outcomes were omissions in the printed handoff document and resident time-motion activity. Medical errors decreased from 33.8 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 27.3-40.3) to 18.3 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 14.7-21.9; P < .001), and preventable adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> decreased from 3.3 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 1.7-4.8) to 1.5 (95% CI, 0.51-2.4) per 100 admissions (P = .04) following the intervention. There were fewer omissions of <span class="hlt">key</span> handoff elements on printed handoff documents, especially on the unit that received the computerized handoff tool (significant reductions of omissions in 11 of 14 categories with computerized tool; significant reductions in 2 of 14 categories without computerized tool). Physicians spent a greater percentage of time in a 24-hour period at the patient bedside after the intervention (8.3%; 95% CI 7.1%-9.8%) vs 10.6% (95% CI, 9.2%-12.2%; P = .03). The average duration of verbal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170007439','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170007439"><span>Single <span class="hlt">Event</span> Effect Testing of the Analog Devices ADV212</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wilcox, Ted; Campola, Michael; Kadari, Madhu; Nadendla, Seshagiri R.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The Analog Devices ADV212 was initially tested for single <span class="hlt">event</span> effects (SEE) at the Texas AM University Cyclotron Facility (TAMU) in July of 2013. Testing revealed a sensitivity to device hang-ups classified as single <span class="hlt">event</span> functional interrupts (SEFI), soft data errors classified as single <span class="hlt">event</span> upsets (SEU), and, of particular concern, single <span class="hlt">event</span> latch-ups (SEL). All error types <span class="hlt">occurred</span> so frequently as to make accurate measurements of the exposure time, and thus total particle fluence, challenging. To mitigate some of the risk posed by single <span class="hlt">event</span> latch-ups, circuitry was added to the electrical design to detect a high current <span class="hlt">event</span> and automatically recycle power and reboot the device. An additional heavy-ion test was scheduled to validate the operation of the recovery circuitry and the continuing functionality of the ADV212 after a substantial number of latch-up <span class="hlt">events</span>. As a secondary goal, more precise data would be gathered by an improved test method, described in this test report.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350380','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17350380"><span>Major adverse cardiac <span class="hlt">events</span> during endurance sports.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Belonje, Anne; Nangrahary, Mary; de Swart, Hans; Umans, Victor</p> <p>2007-03-15</p> <p>Major adverse cardiac <span class="hlt">events</span> in endurance exercise are usually due to underlying and unsuspected heart disease. The investigators present an analysis of major adverse cardiac <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during 2 consecutive annual long distance races (a 36-km beach cycling race and a 21-km half marathon) over the past 5 years. All patients with <span class="hlt">events</span> were transported to the hospital. Most of the 62,862 participants were men (77%; mean age 40 years). Of these, 4 men (3 runners, 1 cyclist; mean age 48 years) collapsed during (n = 2) or shortly after the races, rendering a prevalence of 0.006%. Two patients collapsed after developing chest pain, 1 of whom needed resuscitation at the <span class="hlt">event</span> site, which was successful. These patients had acute myocardial infarctions and underwent primary angioplasty. The third patient was resuscitated at the site but did not have coronary disease or inducible ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and collapsed presumably because of catecholamine-induced ventricular fibrillation. The fourth patient experienced heat stroke and had elevated creatine kinase-MB and troponins in the absence of electrocardiographic changes. In conclusion, the risk for major adverse cardiac <span class="hlt">events</span> during endurance sports in well-trained athletes is very low.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146540','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146540"><span>Topological <span class="hlt">events</span> on the lines of circular polarization in nonparaxial vector optical fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Freund, Isaac</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>In nonparaxial vector optical fields, the following topological <span class="hlt">events</span> are shown to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in apparent violation of charge conservation: as one translates the observation plane along a line of circular polarization (a C line), the points on the line (C points) are seen to change not only the signs of their topological charges, but also their handedness, and, at turning points on the line, paired C points with the same topological charge and opposite handedness are seen to nucleate. These counter-intuitive <span class="hlt">events</span> cannot <span class="hlt">occur</span> in paraxial fields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12959385','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12959385"><span>Incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in ferrets vaccinated with distemper or rabies vaccine: 143 cases (1995-2001).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Greenacre, Cheryl B</p> <p>2003-09-01</p> <p>To determine the incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in ferrets vaccinated with a modified-live avian cell culture canine distemper virus vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, an inactivated rabies vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, or both. Retrospective study. 143 ferrets. Medical records were reviewed to identify ferrets that had an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> after vaccination. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> developed within 25 minutes after vaccination in 13 ferrets. One ferret developed an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> after receiving a distemper and a rabies vaccine simultaneously and developed a second adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> the following year after receiving the rabies vaccine alone. Therefore, a total of 14 adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were identified. All adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were an anaphylactic reaction characterized by generalized hyperemia, hypersalivation, and vomiting. Ten of the 14 anaphylactic reactions <span class="hlt">occurred</span> after ferrets received both vaccines, 3 <span class="hlt">occurred</span> after ferrets received the distemper vaccine alone, and 1 <span class="hlt">occurred</span> after a ferret received the rabies vaccine alone. Incidences of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> after administration of both vaccines, the distemper vaccine alone, and the rabies vaccine alone were 5.6, 5.9, and 5.6%, respectively. Ferrets that had an anaphylactic reaction were significantly older at the time of vaccination than were ferrets that did not. Results suggest that there may be a high incidence of anaphylactic reactions after vaccination of domestic ferrets. Ferrets should be observed for at least 25 minutes after vaccination, and veterinarians who vaccinate ferrets should be prepared to treat anaphylactic reactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16725','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16725"><span>Function <span class="hlt">key</span> and shortcut <span class="hlt">key</span> use in airway facilities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-02-01</p> <p>This document provides information on the function <span class="hlt">keys</span> and shortcut <span class="hlt">keys</span> used by systems in the Federal Aviation Administration : Airway Facilities (AF) work environment. It includes a catalog of the function <span class="hlt">keys</span> and shortcut <span class="hlt">keys</span> used by each syst...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29529348','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29529348"><span>A Framework to Understand Extreme Space Weather <span class="hlt">Event</span> Probability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jonas, Seth; Fronczyk, Kassandra; Pratt, Lucas M</p> <p>2018-03-12</p> <p>An extreme space weather <span class="hlt">event</span> has the potential to disrupt or damage infrastructure systems and technologies that many societies rely on for economic and social well-being. Space weather <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> regularly, but extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> are less frequent, with a small number of historical examples over the last 160 years. During the past decade, published works have (1) examined the physical characteristics of the extreme historical <span class="hlt">events</span> and (2) discussed the probability or return rate of select extreme geomagnetic disturbances, including the 1859 Carrington <span class="hlt">event</span>. Here we present initial findings on a unified framework approach to visualize space weather <span class="hlt">event</span> probability, using a Bayesian model average, in the context of historical extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>. We present disturbance storm time (Dst) probability (a proxy for geomagnetic disturbance intensity) across multiple return periods and discuss parameters of interest to policymakers and planners in the context of past extreme space weather <span class="hlt">events</span>. We discuss the current state of these analyses, their utility to policymakers and planners, the current limitations when compared to other hazards, and several gaps that need to be filled to enhance space weather risk assessments. © 2018 Society for Risk Analysis.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912731F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912731F"><span>Extreme <span class="hlt">Events</span> and Disaster Risk Reduction - a Future Earth KAN initiative</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frank, Dorothea; Reichstein, Markus</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The topic of Extreme <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the context of global environmental change is both a scientifically challenging and exciting topic, and of very high societal relevance. The Future Earth Cluster initiative E3S organized in 2016 a cross-community/co-design workshop on Extreme <span class="hlt">Events</span> and Environments from Climate to Society (http://www.e3s-future-earth.eu/index.php/Conferences<span class="hlt">Events/ConferencesAmpEvents</span>). Based on the results, co-design research strategies and established network of the workshop, and previous activities, E3S is thriving to establish the basis for a longer-term research effort under the umbrella of Future Earth. These led to an initiative for a Future Earth Knowledge Action Network on Extreme <span class="hlt">Events</span> and Disaster Risk Reduction. Example initial <span class="hlt">key</span> question in this context include: What are meaningful indices to describe and quantify impact-relevant (e.g. climate) extremes? Which system properties yield resistance and resilience to extreme conditions? What are the <span class="hlt">key</span> interactions between global urbanization processes, extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>, and social and infrastructure vulnerability and resilience? The long-term goal of this KAN is to contribute to enhancing the resistance, resilience, and adaptive capacity of socio-ecological systems across spatial, temporal and institutional scales, in particular in the light of hazards affected by ongoing environmental change (e.g. climate change, global urbanization and land use/land cover change). This can be achieved by enhanced understanding, prediction, improved and open data and knowledge bases for detection and early warning decision making, and by new insights on natural and societal conditions and governance for resilience and adaptive capacity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701256.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701256.html"><span>2017 Solar Eclipse <span class="hlt">Event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-06-11</p> <p>Sylvester Dorsey III, avionics lead for the Europa Deorbit Stage Team in Marshall's Engineering Directorate, is joined during Marshall's eclipse-viewing <span class="hlt">event</span> by his three children, from left, Sylvester IV, Sidney and Sakari. Though Huntsville was south of the path of totality, the Dorseys were among those awestruck by the natural phenomenon. The Huntsville area experienced 97 percent occultation, nearly a complete blocking out of the sun by the orbit of Earth's moon. The next opportunity to view a solar eclipse in the eastern and central United States will <span class="hlt">occur</span> in April 2024.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2639650','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2639650"><span>Risk of Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Mothers of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cheang, Kai I.; Nestler, John E.; Futterweit, Walter</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in an older population of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We took advantage of the high heritability of PCOS and determined the probable PCOS status of mothers of women with PCOS. Prevalence of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in PCOS and non-PCOS mothers was determined. METHODS In a single endocrine clinic, 308 women with PCOS were interviewed about their mothers’ medical history, and the mothers themselves were interviewed if available. The interview covered menstrual history, fertility, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, age of incident cardiovascular <span class="hlt">event</span>, and age of death as reported by daughters. Presence of PCOS in the mothers was defined as history of infertility, irregular menses, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">event</span> was defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, any coronary intervention, angina requiring emergency room visits, or cerebrovascular <span class="hlt">event</span>. RESULTS The mothers were predominantly postmenopausal. Among 182 interviewed (n=157) or deceased (n=25) mothers, 59 had probable PCOS. Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> were more common (p=0.011) among PCOS mothers (11/59 or 18.6%) than non-PCOS mothers (5/123 or 4.1%). Adjusted for age and race, probable PCOS was an independent predictor of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> (OR 5.41 95%CI 1.78−16.40). Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at an early age in mothers of PCOS women, particularly mothers with PCOS themselves. CONCLUSION PCOS mothers of women with PCOS are at a higher risk of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> compared with non-PCOS mothers, and cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> appear to <span class="hlt">occur</span> at an earlier than expected age in PCOS mothers. PMID:19158047</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158047','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158047"><span>Risk of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in mothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheang, Kai I; Nestler, John E; Futterweit, Walter</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in an older population of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We took advantage of the high heritability of PCOS and determined the probable PCOS status of mothers of women with PCOS. The prevalence of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> was then determined in these mothers with and without PCOS. In a single endocrine clinic, 308 women with PCOS were interviewed about their mothers' medical history, and the mothers themselves were interviewed if available. The interview addressed menstrual history, fertility, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, age at incident cardiovascular <span class="hlt">event</span>, and age at death as reported by daughters. Presence of PCOS in the mothers was defined as a history of infertility, irregular menses, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. A cardiovascular <span class="hlt">event</span> was defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, any coronary intervention, angina necessitating emergency department visits, or a cerebrovascular <span class="hlt">event</span>. The mothers were predominantly post-menopausal. Among 182 interviewed (n = 157) or deceased (n = 25) mothers, 59 had probable PCOS. Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> were more common (P = .011) among mothers with PCOS (11 of 59 or 18.6%) than among non-PCOS mothers (5 of 123 or 4.1%). After adjustments were made for age and race, probable PCOS was an independent predictor of cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> (odds ratio, 5.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 16.40). Cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at an early age in mothers of women with PCOS, particularly mothers with probable PCOS themselves. PCOS-affected mothers of women with PCOS have a higher risk for cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> in comparison with non-PCOS mothers, and cardiovascular <span class="hlt">events</span> appear to <span class="hlt">occur</span> at an earlier than expected age in mothers with PCOS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39376','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39376"><span>Season ending <span class="hlt">events</span>, a matter of perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Laurie L. Kurth</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Agency managers are often faced with making difficult wildland fire management decisions based on collating a significant amount of information regarding a fire. Supporting the decisions is understanding how long an incident may persist, especially if the fire has potential for resource benefits. Analysis of historical season ending <span class="hlt">events</span> has <span class="hlt">occurred</span> since the mid-...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705859','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705859"><span>Web Video <span class="hlt">Event</span> Recognition by Semantic Analysis From Ubiquitous Documents.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Litao; Yang, Yang; Huang, Zi; Wang, Peng; Song, Jingkuan; Shen, Heng Tao</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>In recent years, the task of <span class="hlt">event</span> recognition from videos has attracted increasing interest in multimedia area. While most of the existing research was mainly focused on exploring visual cues to handle relatively small-granular <span class="hlt">events</span>, it is difficult to directly analyze video content without any prior knowledge. Therefore, synthesizing both the visual and semantic analysis is a natural way for video <span class="hlt">event</span> understanding. In this paper, we study the problem of Web video <span class="hlt">event</span> recognition, where Web videos often describe large-granular <span class="hlt">events</span> and carry limited textual information. <span class="hlt">Key</span> challenges include how to accurately represent <span class="hlt">event</span> semantics from incomplete textual information and how to effectively explore the correlation between visual and textual cues for video <span class="hlt">event</span> understanding. We propose a novel framework to perform complex <span class="hlt">event</span> recognition from Web videos. In order to compensate the insufficient expressive power of visual cues, we construct an <span class="hlt">event</span> knowledge base by deeply mining semantic information from ubiquitous Web documents. This <span class="hlt">event</span> knowledge base is capable of describing each <span class="hlt">event</span> with comprehensive semantics. By utilizing this base, the textual cues for a video can be significantly enriched. Furthermore, we introduce a two-view adaptive regression model, which explores the intrinsic correlation between the visual and textual cues of the videos to learn reliable classifiers. Extensive experiments on two real-world video data sets show the effectiveness of our proposed framework and prove that the <span class="hlt">event</span> knowledge base indeed helps improve the performance of Web video <span class="hlt">event</span> recognition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439712-accelerated-increase-arctic-tropospheric-warming-events-surpassing-stratosphericwarming-events-during-winter','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439712-accelerated-increase-arctic-tropospheric-warming-events-surpassing-stratosphericwarming-events-during-winter"><span>Accelerated Increase in the Arctic Tropospheric Warming <span class="hlt">Events</span> Surpassing StratosphericWarming <span class="hlt">Events</span> During Winter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Simon; Lin, Yen-Heng; Lee, Ming-Ying</p> <p>2017-04-22</p> <p>In January 2016, a robust reversal of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) took place associated with a rapid tropospheric warming in the Arctic region; this was followed by the occurrence of a classic sudden stratospheric warming in March-April. The succession of these two distinct Arctic warming <span class="hlt">events</span> provides a stimulating opportunity to examine their characteristics in terms of similarities and differences. Historical cases of these two types of Arctic warming were identified and validated based upon tropical linkages with the Madden-Julian Oscillation and El Niño as well as those documented in previous studies. Our results indicate a recent and accelerated increasemore » in the tropospheric warming type versus a flat trend in stratospheric warming type. Given that tropospheric warming <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> twice as fast than the stratospheric warming type, the noted increase in the former implies further intensification in midlatitude winter weather extremes similar to those experienced in early 2016. Forced simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model suggest that the reduced Arctic sea ice contributes to the observed increase in the tropospheric warming <span class="hlt">events</span> and associated impact on the anomalously cold Siberia.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6992049-method-routing-events-from-key-strokes-multi-processing-computer-systems','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6992049-method-routing-events-from-key-strokes-multi-processing-computer-systems"><span>Method for routing <span class="hlt">events</span> from <span class="hlt">key</span> strokes in a multi-processing computer systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rhodes, D.A.; Rustici, E.; Carter, K.H.</p> <p>1990-01-23</p> <p>The patent describes a method of routing user input in a computer system which concurrently runs a plurality of processes. It comprises: generating keycodes representative of <span class="hlt">keys</span> typed by a user; distinguishing generated keycodes by looking up each keycode in a routing table which assigns each possible keycode to an individual assigned process of the plurality of processes, one of which processes being a supervisory process; then, sending each keycode to its assigned process until a keycode assigned to the supervisory process is received; sending keycodes received subsequent to the keycode assigned to the supervisory process to a buffer; next,more » providing additional keycodes to the supervisory process from the buffer until the supervisory process has completed operation; and sending keycodes stored in the buffer to processes assigned therewith after the supervisory process has completedoperation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4414905','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4414905"><span>Identifying <span class="hlt">Key</span> Hospital Service Quality Factors in Online Health Communities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jung, Yuchul; Hur, Cinyoung; Jung, Dain</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background The volume of health-related user-created content, especially hospital-related questions and answers in online health communities, has rapidly increased. Patients and caregivers participate in online community activities to share their experiences, exchange information, and ask about recommended or discredited hospitals. However, there is little research on how to identify hospital service quality automatically from the online communities. In the past, in-depth analysis of hospitals has used random sampling surveys. However, such surveys are becoming impractical owing to the rapidly increasing volume of online data and the diverse analysis requirements of related stakeholders. Objective As a solution for utilizing large-scale health-related information, we propose a novel approach to identify hospital service quality factors and overtime trends automatically from online health communities, especially hospital-related questions and answers. Methods We defined social media–based <span class="hlt">key</span> quality factors for hospitals. In addition, we developed text mining techniques to detect such factors that frequently <span class="hlt">occur</span> in online health communities. After detecting these factors that represent qualitative aspects of hospitals, we applied a sentiment analysis to recognize the types of recommendations in messages posted within online health communities. Korea’s two biggest online portals were used to test the effectiveness of detection of social media–based <span class="hlt">key</span> quality factors for hospitals. Results To evaluate the proposed text mining techniques, we performed manual evaluations on the extraction and classification results, such as hospital name, service quality factors, and recommendation types using a random sample of messages (ie, 5.44% (9450/173,748) of the total messages). Service quality factor detection and hospital name extraction achieved average F1 scores of 91% and 78%, respectively. In terms of recommendation classification, performance (ie, precision) is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855612','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855612"><span>Identifying <span class="hlt">key</span> hospital service quality factors in online health communities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jung, Yuchul; Hur, Cinyoung; Jung, Dain; Kim, Minki</p> <p>2015-04-07</p> <p>The volume of health-related user-created content, especially hospital-related questions and answers in online health communities, has rapidly increased. Patients and caregivers participate in online community activities to share their experiences, exchange information, and ask about recommended or discredited hospitals. However, there is little research on how to identify hospital service quality automatically from the online communities. In the past, in-depth analysis of hospitals has used random sampling surveys. However, such surveys are becoming impractical owing to the rapidly increasing volume of online data and the diverse analysis requirements of related stakeholders. As a solution for utilizing large-scale health-related information, we propose a novel approach to identify hospital service quality factors and overtime trends automatically from online health communities, especially hospital-related questions and answers. We defined social media-based <span class="hlt">key</span> quality factors for hospitals. In addition, we developed text mining techniques to detect such factors that frequently <span class="hlt">occur</span> in online health communities. After detecting these factors that represent qualitative aspects of hospitals, we applied a sentiment analysis to recognize the types of recommendations in messages posted within online health communities. Korea's two biggest online portals were used to test the effectiveness of detection of social media-based <span class="hlt">key</span> quality factors for hospitals. To evaluate the proposed text mining techniques, we performed manual evaluations on the extraction and classification results, such as hospital name, service quality factors, and recommendation types using a random sample of messages (ie, 5.44% (9450/173,748) of the total messages). Service quality factor detection and hospital name extraction achieved average F1 scores of 91% and 78%, respectively. In terms of recommendation classification, performance (ie, precision) is 78% on average. Extraction and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2730216','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2730216"><span>Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Naturally <span class="hlt">Occurring</span> Antibiotics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Jason S.; Edmonds, David J.; Estrada, Anthony A.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Lead-in Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature’s molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for anti-infective agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origins in nature. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be <span class="hlt">key</span> enabling technologies for future developments in the field. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the total synthesis, analog design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action. PMID:19130444</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMSH21B2215S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMSH21B2215S"><span>Waves associated to COMPLEX <span class="hlt">EVENTS</span> observed by STEREO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Siu Tapia, A. L.; Blanco-Cano, X.; Kajdic, P.; Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.; Russell, C. T.; Jian, L. K.; Luhmann, J. G.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Complex <span class="hlt">Events</span> are formed by two or more large-scale solar wind structures which interact in space. Typical cases are interactions of: (i) a Magnetic Cloud/Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (MC/ICME) with another MC/ICME transient; and (ii) an ICME followed by a Stream Interaction Region (SIR). Complex <span class="hlt">Events</span> are of importance for space weather studies and studying them can enhance our understanding of collisionless plasma physics. Some of these structures can produce or enhance southward magnetic fields, a <span class="hlt">key</span> factor in geomagnetic storm generation. Using data from the STEREO mission during the years 2006-2011, we found 17 Complex <span class="hlt">Events</span> preceded by a shock wave. We use magnetic field and plasma data to study the micro-scale structure of the shocks, and the waves associated to these shocks and within Complex <span class="hlt">Events</span> structures. To determine wave characteristics we perform Power Spectra and Minimum Variance Analysis. We also use PLASTIC WAP protons data to study foreshock extensions and the relationship between Complex Regions and particle acceleration to suprathermal energies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516641','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA516641"><span>Radiological <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the Homeland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>and painfully in a London hospital in November 2006 due to ingested alpha particles from Polonium 210 . Just the trace trail of Polonium 210 across...When the baby boomers were children, they passed signs every day for fallout shelters and stocks of water and food to be used in the <span class="hlt">event</span> of a...need to relearn what we knew during the Cold War. We need to reacquaint ourselves with the radiological effects that could <span class="hlt">occur</span> and how to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.642a2006D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPhCS.642a2006D"><span>Type III-L Solar Radio Bursts and Solar Energetic Particle <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duffin, R. T.; White, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Kaiser, M. L.</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>A radio-selected sample of fast drift radio bursts with complex structure <span class="hlt">occurring</span> after the impulsive phase of the associated flare (“Type III-L bursts”) is identified by inspection of radio dynamic spectra from 1 to 180 MHz for over 300 large flares in 2001. An operational definition that takes into account previous work on these radio bursts starting from samples of solar energetic particle (SEP) <span class="hlt">events</span> is applied to the data, and 66 Type III-L bursts are found in the sample. In order to determine whether the presence of these radio bursts can be used to predict the occurrence of SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>, we also develop a catalog of all SEP proton <span class="hlt">events</span> in 2001 using data from the ERNE detector on the SOHO satellite. 68 SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> are found, for 48 of which we can identify a solar source and hence look for associated Type III-L emission. We confirm previous work that found that most (76% in our sample) of the solar sources of SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> exhibit radio emission of this type. However, the correlation in the opposite direction is not as strong: starting from a radio-selected sample of Type III-L <span class="hlt">events</span>, around 64% of the bursts that <span class="hlt">occur</span> at longitudes magnetically well-connected to the Earth, and hence favorable for detection of SEPs, are associated with SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>. The degree of association increases when the <span class="hlt">events</span> have durations over 10 minutes at 1 MHz, but in general Type III-L bursts do not perform any better than Type II bursts in our sample as predictors of SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>. A comparison of Type III-L timing with the arrival of near-relativistic electrons at the ACE spacecraft is not inconsistent with a common source for the accelerated electrons in both phenomena.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913779','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913779"><span>French national survey of inpatient adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> prospectively assessed with ward staff.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Michel, Philippe; Quenon, Jean Luc; Djihoud, Ahmed; Tricaud-Vialle, Sophie; de Sarasqueta, Anne Marie</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>To estimate the incidence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in medical and surgical activity in public and private hospitals, and to assess the clinical situation of patients and the active errors. Prospective assessment of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> by external senior nursing and doctor investigators with ward staff. Random three-stage stratified cluster sampling of stays or fractions of stay in a 7-day observation period for each ward. 8754 patients observed in 292 wards in 71 hospitals, over 35,234 hospitalisation days. Number of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in relation to number of days of hospitalisation. The incidence density of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> was 6.6 per 1000 days of hospitalisation (95% CI 5.7 to 7.5), of which 35% were preventable. Invasive procedures were the source of half the adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, of which 20% were preventable. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to the psychological sphere and pain were mostly considered as preventable. Ward staff found it difficult to assess the role of care management in the occurrence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>: 41% of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were expected because of the disease itself, and could have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the absence of the related medical management. At the national level in France, every year 120,000-190,000 adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> during hospitalisation can be considered as preventable. Areas such as perioperative period and geriatric units should receive closer attention. As adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> more commonly in vulnerable patients, who are not specifically targeted by clinical guidance, practising evidence-based medicine is not likely to prevent all cases. Therefore clinical risk management should prioritize empowerment of local staff, provision of favourable conditions within the organisation, and staff training based on simple tools appropriate for ward-level identification and analysis of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25482924','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25482924"><span>Recurrent mutations within the amino-terminal region of β-catenin are probable <span class="hlt">key</span> molecular driver <span class="hlt">events</span> in sinonasal hemangiopericytoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haller, Florian; Bieg, Matthias; Moskalev, Evgeny A; Barthelmeß, Sarah; Geddert, Helene; Boltze, Carsten; Diessl, Nicolle; Braumandl, Karin; Brors, Benedikt; Iro, Heinrich; Hartmann, Arndt; Wiemann, Stefan; Agaimy, Abbas</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Sinonasal hemangiopericytoma (SN-HPC) is an uncommon, site-specific, low-grade mesenchymal neoplasm of probable perivascular myoid cell origin. In contrast to solitary fibrous tumors of soft tissue and sinonasal tract origin, SN-HPCs were recently shown to lack recurrent NAB2-STAT6 fusion variants. Other molecular alterations known to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in some of soft tissue perivascular myoid cell neoplasms were also absent in SN-HPC; thus, the molecular pathogenesis of SN-HPCs remained unknown. Guided by whole-genome sequencing combined with RNA sequencing of an index case, we analyzed a total of six SN-HPCs for mutations within the amino-terminal region of the gene CTNNB1 (cadherin-associated protein), β 1, 88 kDa, encoding β-catenin. All six cases showed missense mutations, with amino acid substitutions clustering at positions 33 to 45, corresponding to the recognition site of the β-catenin destruction complex. Similar CTNNB1 mutations have been described in a variety of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. These mutations prevent β-catenin phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation but promote its nuclear accumulation and subsequent increased transcription of Wingless-related integration site target genes. Consistent with these molecular findings, β-catenin IHC showed consistent diffuse and strong nuclear staining of the tumor cells in all six SN-HPCs. Our results highlight, for the first time, CTNNB1 mutations as the likely initiating molecular <span class="hlt">events</span> driving SN-HPC tumorigenesis, which places SN-HPC among the growing family of β-catenin-driven mesenchymal neoplasms. Copyright © 2015 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4276515','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4276515"><span>Bayesian Design of Superiority Clinical Trials for Recurrent <span class="hlt">Events</span> Data with Applications to Bleeding and Transfusion <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Myelodyplastic Syndrome</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Ming-Hui; Zeng, Donglin; Hu, Kuolung; Jia, Catherine</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Summary In many biomedical studies, patients may experience the same type of recurrent <span class="hlt">event</span> repeatedly over time, such as bleeding, multiple infections and disease. In this article, we propose a Bayesian design to a pivotal clinical trial in which lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients are treated with MDS disease modifying therapies. One of the <span class="hlt">key</span> study objectives is to demonstrate the investigational product (treatment) effect on reduction of platelet transfusion and bleeding <span class="hlt">events</span> while receiving MDS therapies. In this context, we propose a new Bayesian approach for the design of superiority clinical trials using recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span> frailty regression models. Historical recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span> data from an already completed phase 2 trial are incorporated into the Bayesian design via the partial borrowing power prior of Ibrahim et al. (2012, Biometrics 68, 578–586). An efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm, a predictive data generation algorithm, and a simulation-based algorithm are developed for sampling from the fitting posterior distribution, generating the predictive recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span> data, and computing various design quantities such as the type I error rate and power, respectively. An extensive simulation study is conducted to compare the proposed method to the existing frequentist methods and to investigate various operating characteristics of the proposed design. PMID:25041037</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668108','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668108"><span>Prevalence and triggers of anaphylactic <span class="hlt">events</span> in schools.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>White, Martha V; Silvia, Suyapa; Muniz, Rafael; Herrem, Christopher; Hogue, Susan L</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Prevention and management of anaphylaxis in schools is an area of active interest as allergy and asthma rates in children continue to increase. A greater understanding of the prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis can help guide preventive and management strategies both within and outside of the school setting, with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to elucidate the epidemiology of and management strategies for anaphylaxis in the school setting. A cross-sectional, Web-based survey was administered to schools that participated in an initiative that provides stock epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) to qualifying U.S. schools. Representatives from participating schools completed a questionnaire regarding anaphylactic reactions that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during the 2014-2015 school year. Weighted analyses were performed to account for differential responses between schools that completed the survey and those that did not. A total of 12,275 of the 45,819 invited schools responded to the survey. The occurrence of one or more anaphylactic <span class="hlt">events</span> was reported by 1358 schools. Most <span class="hlt">events</span> (89.8% [1803/2008]) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in students. High school students accounted for the largest proportion of anaphylactic reactions among students (40.1% [723/1802]). Food was the most commonly identified anaphylaxis trigger across grade levels, seasons, and geographic regions. The trigger was unknown to the individual who experienced anaphylaxis in 21.8% of the <span class="hlt">events</span> (436/1998). No known history of allergy or asthma was present in 24.5% (491/2001) and 51.3% (1026/2000) of affected individuals, respectively. Transportation to the hospital or clinic for further treatment and/or management was reported for 72.6% of the individuals with anaphylactic <span class="hlt">events</span> (1450/1997). Results from the weighted analyses were similar to those of the unweighted analyses. Anaphylaxis <span class="hlt">occurred</span> across grade levels and in individuals with or without known risk factors, which reinforced the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28951217','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28951217"><span>Assessing molecular initiating <span class="hlt">events</span> (MIEs), <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> (KEs) and modulating factors (MFs) for styrene responses in mouse lungs using whole genome gene expression profiling following 1-day and multi-week exposures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Andersen, Melvin E; Cruzan, George; Black, Michael B; Pendse, Salil N; Dodd, Darol; Bus, James S; Sarang, Satinder S; Banton, Marcy I; Waites, Robbie; McMullen, Patrick D</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>Styrene increased lung tumors in mice at chronic inhalation exposures of 20ppm and greater. MIEs, KEs and MFs were examined using gene expression in three strains of male mice (the parental C57BL/6 strain, a CYP2F2(-/-) knock out and a CYP2F2(-/-) transgenic containing human CYP2F1, 2A13 and 2B6). Exposures were for 1-day and 1, 4 and 26weeks. After 1-day exposures at 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 120ppm significant increases in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> only in parental strain lungs where there was already an increase in DEGs at 5ppm and then many thousands of DEGs by 120ppm. Enrichment for 1-day and 1-week exposures included cell cycle, mitotic M-M/G1 phases, DNA-synthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins pathways. The numbers of DEGs decreased steadily over time with no DEGs meeting both statistical significance and fold-change criteria at 26weeks. At 4 and 26weeks, some <span class="hlt">key</span> transcription factors (TFs) - Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Dbp, Tef, Hlf, Per3, Per2 and Bhlhe40 - were upregulated (|FC|>1.5), while others - Npas, Arntl, Nfil3, Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Nr4a3 - were down-regulated. At all times, consistent changes in gene expression only <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the parental strain. Our results support a MIE for styrene of direct mitogenicity from mouse-specific CYP2F2-mediated metabolites activating Nr4a signaling. Longer-term MFs include down-regulation of Nr4a genes and shifts in both circadian clock TFs and other TFs, linking circadian clock to cellular metabolism. We found no gene expression changes indicative of cytotoxicity or activation of p53-mediated DNA-damage pathways. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=295319&keyword=enzyme+AND+function&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=295319&keyword=enzyme+AND+function&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Modeling a molecular initiating <span class="hlt">event</span> to population effects: A case study of aromatase inhibition in fathead minnows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) conceptually links a molecular initiating <span class="hlt">event</span> with measureable <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> at higher levels of biological organization that ultimately result in an adverse outcome. Development of an AOP requires experimental data and scientific expertise to ide...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA19331.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA19331.html"><span>Time Delay in Microlensing <span class="hlt">Event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-04-14</p> <p>This plot shows data obtained from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, or OGLE, telescope located in Chile, during a "microlensing" <span class="hlt">event</span>. Microlensing <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> when one star passes another, and the gravity of the foreground star causes the distant star's light to magnify and brighten. This magnification is evident in the plot, as both Spitzer and OGLE register an increase in the star's brightness. If the foreground star is circled by a planet, the planet's gravity can alter the magnification over a shorter period, seen in the plot in the form of spikes and a dip. The great distance between Spitzer, in space, and OGLE, on the ground, meant that Spitzer saw this particular microlensing <span class="hlt">event</span> before OGLE. The offset in the timing can be used to measure the distance to the planet. In this case, the planet, called OGLE-2014-BLG-0124L, was found to be 13,000 light-years away, near the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The finding was the result of fortuitous timing because Spitzer's overall program to observe microlensing <span class="hlt">events</span> was only just starting up in the week before the planet's effects were visible from Spitzer's vantage point. While Spitzer sees infrared light of 3.6 microns in wavelength, OGLE sees visible light of 0.8 microns. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19331</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JHyd..559..749W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JHyd..559..749W"><span>Controls of <span class="hlt">event</span>-based nutrient transport within nested headwater agricultural watersheds of the western Lake Erie basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, Mark R.; Livingston, Stanley J.; Penn, Chad J.; Smith, Douglas R.; King, Kevin W.; Huang, Chi-hua</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Understanding the processes controlling nutrient delivery in headwater agricultural watersheds is essential for predicting and mitigating eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in receiving surface waters. The objective of this study was to elucidate nutrient transport pathways and examine <span class="hlt">key</span> components driving nutrient delivery processes during storm <span class="hlt">events</span> in four nested agricultural watersheds (298-19,341 ha) in the western Lake Erie basin with poorly drained soils and an extensive artificial drainage network typical of the Midwestern U.S. Concentration-discharge hysteresis patterns of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and particulate phosphorus (PP) <span class="hlt">occurring</span> during 47 storm <span class="hlt">events</span> over a 6 year period (2004-2009) were evaluated. An assessment of the factors producing nutrient hysteresis was completed following a factor analysis on a suite of measured environmental variables representing the fluvial and wider watershed conditions prior to, and during the monitored storm <span class="hlt">events</span>. Results showed the artificial drainage network (i.e., surface tile inlets and subsurface tile drains) in these watersheds was the primary flow pathway for nutrient delivery to streams, but nutrient behavior and export during storm <span class="hlt">events</span> was regulated by the flow paths to and the intensity of the drainage network, the availability of nutrients, and the relative contributions of upland and in-stream nutrient sources. Potential sources and flow pathways for transport varied among NO3-N, PP, and DRP with results underscoring the challenge of mitigating nutrient loss in these watersheds. Conservation practices addressing both nutrient management and hydrologic connectivity will likely be required to decrease nutrient loss in artificially drained landscapes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139382','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139382"><span>Liver physiological polyploidization: MicroRNA-122 a <span class="hlt">key</span> regulator.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Celton-Morizur, Séverine; Desdouets, Chantal</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Polyploidy is defined as an increase in genome DNA content and is observed in all mammalian species. Polyploidy is a common characteristic of hepatocytes. Polyploidization <span class="hlt">occurs</span> mainly during liver development, but also in adults with increasing age or due to cellular stress. During liver development, hepatocytes polyploidization <span class="hlt">occurs</span> through cytokinesis failure leading to the genesis of binucleate hepatocytes. Recently, Hsu et al. demonstrated that miR-122 is a <span class="hlt">key</span> regulator of hepatic binucleation. In fact, during liver development, miR-122 directly antagonizes procytokinesis targets and thus induces cytokinesis failure leading to the genesis of binucleate hepatocytes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.17608017A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJWC.17608017A"><span>The analysis of a complex fire <span class="hlt">event</span> using multispaceborne observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andrei, Simona; Carstea, Emil; Marmureanu, Luminita; Ene, Dragos; Binietoglou, Ioannis; Nicolae, Doina; Konsta, Dimitra; Amiridis, Vassilis; Proestakis, Emmanouil</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This study documents a complex fire <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on October 2016, in Middle East belligerent area. Two fire outbreaks were detected by different spacecraft monitoring instruments on board of TERRA, CALIPSO and AURA Earth Observation missions. Link with local weather conditions was examined using ERA Interim Reanalysis and CAMS datasets. The detection of the <span class="hlt">event</span> by multiple sensors enabled a detailed characterization of fires and the comparison with different observational data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870008346','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870008346"><span>Solar particle <span class="hlt">event</span> predictions for manned Mars missions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Heckman, Gary</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Manned space missions to Mars require consideration of the effects of high radiation doses produced by solar particle <span class="hlt">events</span> (SPE). Without some provision for protection, the radiation doses from such <span class="hlt">events</span> can exceed standards for maximum exposure and may be life threatening. Several alternative ways of providing protection require a capability for predicting SPE in time to take some protective actions. The SPE may <span class="hlt">occur</span> at any time during the eleven year solar cycle so that two year missions cannot be scheduled to insure avoiding them although they are less likely to <span class="hlt">occur</span> at solar minimum. The present forecasts are sufficiently accurate to use for setting alert modes but are not accurate enough to make yes/no decisions that have major mission operational impacts. Forecasts made for one to two year periods can only be done as probabilistic forecasts where there is a chance of SPE <span class="hlt">occurring</span>. These are current capabilities but are not likely to change significantly by the year 2000 with the exception of some improvement in the one to ten day forecasts. The effects of SPE are concentrated in solar longitudes near where their parent solar flares <span class="hlt">occur</span>, which will require a manned Mars mission to carry its own small solar telescope to monitor the development of potentially dangerous solar activity. The preferred telescope complement includes a solar X-ray imager, a hydrogen-alpha scanner, and a solar magnetograph.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH43A..04V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSH43A..04V"><span>Comparison of Ionospheric and Thermospheric Effects During Two High Speed Stream <span class="hlt">Events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Tsurutani, B.; Mannucci, A. J.; Paxton, L.; Mlynczak, M. G.; Hunt, L. A.; Echer, E.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>We analyze two CIR-HSS <span class="hlt">events</span> during ascending phase of the current solar cycle. The first <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on 8-12 May 2012 and was characterized by a large CIR and intense High Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activity (HILDCAA). Long-duration moderate geomagnetic storm (Dst ~ -50 nT) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during this <span class="hlt">event</span>. The second <span class="hlt">event</span> on 29 April - 4 May 2011 had a large CIR and extended HSS, but weaker geomagnetic activity. We focus on understanding differences and similarities of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling during these two <span class="hlt">events</span>. We will use a suite of ground-based and satellite measurements to create a comprehensive picture of the <span class="hlt">events</span>. Evolution of the polar cap convection pattern is analyzed based on SuperDARN data. DMSP/SSUSI far ultraviolet measurements provide information on airglow intensity and characteristics of the F-region of the dusktime ionosphere. The GPS total electron content (TEC) database and JPL's Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) are used to study vertical TEC (VTEC) for different local times and latitude ranges. We discuss dynamics of VTEC above individual ground GPS sites with respect to local time and latitude ranges. We analyze the TIMED/SABER zonal flux of nitric oxide (NO) infrared cooling radiation and auroral heating throughout the <span class="hlt">events</span>. Global dynamics of the column density ratio ΣO/N2 is studied based on TIMED/GUVI measurements. Our results will advance understanding of the ionosphere-thermosphere response to external forcing and help future forecasting efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S41C2199M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.S41C2199M"><span>Investigation on the characteristics of seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> observed during stimulation of geothermal reservoirs at Basel, Switzerland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mukuhira, Y.; Asanuma, H.; Niitsuma, H.; Häring, M. O.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Hydraulic stimulation is commonly used to develop engineered geothermal systems (EGS) and enhancement of oil recovery (EOR). Occurrence of seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> with larger magnitude has been highlighted as one of the practical and critical problems. Some seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> with moment magnitude (Mw) larger than 2.0 <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during and after hydraulic stimulation in Basel, Switzerland, in 2006, and these large <span class="hlt">events</span> led to the geothermal project discontinued. We defined the large <span class="hlt">event</span> as seismic <span class="hlt">events</span> with Mw>2.0, and have investigated fundamental characteristics of them as summarized in Table 1. It has been revealed that the characteristics of the large <span class="hlt">events</span> are dependent on hypocentral location and origin time. We also found most of the large <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> from 2 types of fracture planes: 6 of 9large <span class="hlt">events</span> had FPSs with N-S azimuth. Other 3 large <span class="hlt">events</span> including the largest <span class="hlt">events</span> had FPSs ESE-WNW azimuth, which can be interpreted as "most slip-able" under stress state at Basel. The large <span class="hlt">events</span> clearly followed "constant stress drop scaling law". We also estimated critical pore pressure for shear slip using Coulomb failure criterion, and have revealed that the critical pore pressure of the large <span class="hlt">events</span> was relatively lower. Our result shows that the occurrences of the large <span class="hlt">events</span> can not be simply interpreted by previous experience on induced seismicity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848023','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848023"><span>Cultural scripts guide recall of intensely positive life <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Collins, Katherine A; Pillemer, David B; Ivcevic, Zorana; Gooze, Rachel A</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>In four studies, we examined the temporal distribution of positive and negative memories of momentous life <span class="hlt">events</span>. College students and middle-aged adults reported <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> from the ages of 8 to 18 years in which they had felt especially good or especially bad about themselves. Distributions of positive memories showed a marked peak at ages 17 and 18. In contrast, distributions of negative memories were relatively flat. These patterns were consistent for males and females and for younger and older adults. Content analyses indicated that a substantial proportion of positive memories from late adolescence described culturally prescribed landmark <span class="hlt">events</span> surrounding the major life transition from high school to college. When the participants were asked for recollections from life periods that lack obvious age-linked milestone <span class="hlt">events</span>, age distributions of positive and negative memories were similar. The results support and extend Berntsen and Rubin's (2004) conclusion that cultural expectations, or life scripts, organize recall of positive, but not negative, <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144109','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144109"><span>Simple Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">key</span> development software (WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span>) and an example <span class="hlt">key</span> for Kuruna (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Attigala, Lakshmi; De Silva, Nuwan I; Clark, Lynn G</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Programs that are user-friendly and freely available for developing Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> are scarce and most of the well-structured applications are relatively expensive. WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> was developed to enable researchers to easily develop their own Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> with fewer resources. A Web-based multiaccess identification tool (WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span>) was developed that uses freely available Microsoft ASP.NET technologies and an SQL Server database for Windows-based hosting environments. WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> was tested for its usability with a sample data set, the temperate woody bamboo genus Kuruna (Poaceae). WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> is freely available to the public and can be used to develop Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> for any group of species. The interactive <span class="hlt">key</span> we developed for Kuruna using WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> enables users to visually inspect characteristics of Kuruna and identify an unknown specimen as one of seven possible species in the genus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3988274','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3988274"><span>Life <span class="hlt">Events</span>: A Complex Role In The Timing Of Suicidal Behavior Among Depressed Patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Oquendo, Maria A.; Perez-Rodriguez, M. Mercedes; Poh, Ernest; Sullivan, Gregory; Burke, Ainsley K.; Sublette, M. Elizabeth; Mann, J. John; Galfalvy, Hanga</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Suicidal behavior is often conceptualized as a response to overwhelming stress. Our model posits that given a propensity for acting on suicidal urges, stressors such as life <span class="hlt">events</span> or major depressive episodes (MDEs) determine the timing of suicidal acts. Depressed patients (n=415) were assessed prospectively for suicide attempts and suicide, life <span class="hlt">events</span> and MDE over 2 years. Longitudinal data was divided into 1-month intervals characterized by MDE (yes/no), suicidal behavior (yes/no), and life <span class="hlt">event</span> scores. Marginal logistic regression models were fit, with suicidal behavior as the response variable and MDE and life <span class="hlt">event</span> score in either the same or previous month, respectively, as time-varying covariates. Among 7843 person-months, 33% had MDE and 73% had life <span class="hlt">events</span>. MDE increased risk for suicidal behavior (OR=4.83, p< 0.0001). Life <span class="hlt">event</span> scores were unrelated to the timing of suicidal behavior (OR=1.06 per 100 point increase, p=0.32), even during an MDE (OR=1.12, p=0.15). However, among those without Borderline Personality Disorders (BPD), both health and work related life <span class="hlt">events</span> were <span class="hlt">key</span> precipitants, as was recurrent MDE, with a 13-fold effect. The relationship of life <span class="hlt">events</span> to suicidal behavior among those with BPD was more complex. Recurrent MDE was a robust precipitant for suicidal behavior, regardless of BPD comorbidity. The specific nature of life <span class="hlt">events</span> is <span class="hlt">key</span> to understanding the timing of suicidal behavior. Given unanticipated results regarding the role of BPD and study limitations, these findings require replication. Of note, that MDE, a treatable risk factor, strongly predicts suicidal behaviors is cause for hope. PMID:24126928</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC34C..01D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC34C..01D"><span>Probabilistic attribution of individual unprecedented extreme <span class="hlt">events</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Diffenbaugh, N. S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The last decade has seen a rapid increase in efforts to understand the influence of global warming on individual extreme climate <span class="hlt">events</span>. Although trends in the distributions of climate observations have been thoroughly analyzed, rigorously quantifying the contribution of global-scale warming to individual <span class="hlt">events</span> that are unprecedented in the observed record presents a particular challenge. This paper describes a method for leveraging observations and climate model ensembles to quantify the influence of historical global warming on the severity and probability of unprecedented <span class="hlt">events</span>. This approach uses formal inferential techniques to quantify four metrics: (1) the contribution of the observed trend to the <span class="hlt">event</span> magnitude, (2) the contribution of the observed trend to the <span class="hlt">event</span> probability, (3) the probability of the observed trend in the current climate and a climate without human influence, and (4) the probability of the <span class="hlt">event</span> magnitude in the current climate and a climate without human influence. Illustrative examples are presented, spanning a range of climate variables, timescales, and regions. These examples illustrate that global warming can influence the severity and probability of unprecedented extremes. In some cases - particularly high temperatures - this change is indicated by changes in the mean. However, changes in probability do not always arise from changes in the mean, suggesting that global warming can alter the frequency with which complex physical conditions co-<span class="hlt">occur</span>. Because our framework is transparent and highly generalized, it can be readily applied to a range of climate <span class="hlt">events</span>, regions, and levels of climate forcing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522348-large-solar-energetic-particle-events-associated-filament-eruptions-outside-active-regions','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522348-large-solar-energetic-particle-events-associated-filament-eruptions-outside-active-regions"><span>LARGE SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE <span class="hlt">EVENTS</span> ASSOCIATED WITH FILAMENT ERUPTIONS OUTSIDE ACTIVE REGIONS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Mäkelä, P.; Akiyama, S.</p> <p>2015-06-10</p> <p>We report on four large filament eruptions (FEs) from solar cycles 23 and 24 that were associated with large solar energetic particle (SEP) <span class="hlt">events</span> and interplanetary type II radio bursts. The post-eruption arcades corresponded mostly to C-class soft X-ray enhancements, but an M1.0 flare was associated with one <span class="hlt">event</span>. However, the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were fast (speeds ∼ 1000 km s{sup −1}) and appeared as halo CMEs in the coronagraph field of view. The interplanetary type II radio bursts <span class="hlt">occurred</span> over a wide wavelength range, indicating the existence of strong shocks throughout the inner heliosphere. No metric typemore » II bursts were present in three <span class="hlt">events</span>, indicating that the shocks formed beyond 2–3 Rs. In one case, there was a metric type II burst with low starting frequency, indicating a shock formation height of ∼2 Rs. The FE-associated SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> did have softer spectra (spectral index >4) in the 10–100 MeV range, but there were other low-intensity SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> with spectral indices ≥4. Some of these <span class="hlt">events</span> are likely FE-SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>, but were not classified as such in the literature because they <span class="hlt">occurred</span> close to active regions. Some were definitely associated with large active region flares, but the shock formation height was large. We definitely find a diminished role for flares and complex type III burst durations in these large SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>. Fast CMEs and shock formation at larger distances from the Sun seem to be the primary characteristics of the FE-associated SEP <span class="hlt">events</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED245343.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED245343.pdf"><span>Fault Tree Analysis: An Operations Research Tool for Identifying and Reducing Undesired <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Training.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Barker, Bruce O.; Petersen, Paul D.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper explores the fault-tree analysis approach to isolating failure modes within a system. Fault tree investigates potentially undesirable <span class="hlt">events</span> and then looks for failures in sequence that would lead to their <span class="hlt">occurring</span>. Relationships among these <span class="hlt">events</span> are symbolized by AND or OR logic gates, AND used when single <span class="hlt">events</span> must coexist to…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3929322','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3929322"><span>CASMI TSCC Launch <span class="hlt">Event</span>, Paris, France, July 2013: An Assessment of the <span class="hlt">Key</span> Barriers to the Commercialization and Clinical Adoption of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bure, Kim; Brindley, David A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The high incidence of unmet medical needs in combination with the rising burden of chronic diseases, linked to an increasingly aging population, necessitates new approaches to therapeutic intervention. One potential class of health care innovation that may offer an alternative approach to addressing current shortfalls is stem cell therapies. The CASMI Translational Stem Cell Consortium (CTSCC) was formed to elucidate the <span class="hlt">key</span> hurdles to the commercialization and clinical adoption of stem cell technologies, with a particular focus on pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technologies. As a global pre-competitive academic–industry consortium, the CTSCC unites thought leaders from a range of sectors and technical specialties in defining and discovering solutions to roadblocks that will impede the field. Targeted toward stakeholder requirements at the delivery end of the translational spectrum, the CTSCC aims to provide mechanisms for multidirectional dialogue and to produce academically rigorous and commercially practicable research outputs to accelerate industry progress. On the 30th and 31st of July, 2013, the CASMI Translational Stem Cell Consortium (CTSCC) held a launch <span class="hlt">event</span> at the Saint James Club, Paris, France. PMID:24392658</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296695','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296695"><span>Exploring Temporal Progression of <span class="hlt">Events</span> Using Eye Tracking.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Welke, Tinka; Raisig, Susanne; Hagendorf, Herbert; van der Meer, Elke</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>This study investigates the representation of the temporal progression of <span class="hlt">events</span> by means of the causal change in a patient. Subjects were asked to verify the relationship between adjectives denoting a source and resulting feature of a patient. The features were presented either chronologically or inversely to a primed <span class="hlt">event</span> context given by a verb (to cut: long-short vs. short-long). Effects on response time and on eye movement data show that the relationship between features presented chronologically is verified more easily than that between features presented inversely. Post hoc, however, we found that the effects of temporal order <span class="hlt">occurred</span> only when subjects read the features more than once. Then, the relationship between the features is matched with the causal change implied by the <span class="hlt">event</span> context (contextual strategy). When subjects read the features only once, subjects respond to the relationship between the features without taking into account the <span class="hlt">event</span> context. Copyright © 2015 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160007919&hterms=cycles&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dcycles','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160007919&hterms=cycles&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dcycles"><span>High-Energy Solar Particle <span class="hlt">Events</span> in Cycle 24</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gopalswamy, N.; Makela, P.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Akiyama, S.; Thakur, N.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Sun is already in the declining phase of cycle 24, but the paucity of high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) <span class="hlt">events</span> continues with only two ground level enhancement (GLE) <span class="hlt">events</span> as of March 31, 2015. In an attempt to understand this, we considered all the large SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> of cycle 24 that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> until the end of 2014. We compared the properties of the associated CMEs with those in cycle 23. We found that the CME speeds in the sky plane were similar, but almost all those cycle-24 CMEs were halos. A significant fraction of (16%) of the frontside SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> were associated with eruptive prominence <span class="hlt">events</span>. CMEs associated with filament eruption <span class="hlt">events</span> accelerate slowly and attain peak speeds beyond the typical GLE release heights. When we considered only western hemispheric <span class="hlt">events</span> that had good connectivity to the CME nose, there were only 8 <span class="hlt">events</span> that could be considered as GLE candidates. One turned out to be the first GLE <span class="hlt">event</span> of cycle 24 (2012 May 17). In two <span class="hlt">events</span>, the CMEs were very fast (>2000 km/s) but they were launched into a tenuous medium (high Alfven speed). In the remaining five <span class="hlt">events</span>, the speeds were well below the typical GLE CME speed (2000 km/s). Furthermore, the CMEs attained their peak speeds beyond the typical heights where GLE particles are released. We conclude that several factors contribute to the low rate of high-energy SEP <span class="hlt">events</span> in cycle 24: (i) reduced efficiency of shock acceleration (weak heliospheric magnetic field), (ii) poor latitudinal and longitudinal connectivity), and (iii) variation in local ambient conditions (e.g., high Alfven speed).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4612769','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4612769"><span>Drosophila Neuronal Injury Follows a Temporal Sequence of Cellular <span class="hlt">Events</span> Leading to Degeneration at the Neuromuscular Junction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lincoln, Barron L.; Alabsi, Sahar H.; Frendo, Nicholas; Freund, Robert; Keller, Lani C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and as the global population ages, there is a critical need to improve our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration. At the molecular level, neurodegeneration involves the activation of complex signaling pathways that drive the active destruction of neurons and their intracellular components. Here, we use an in vivo motor neuron injury assay to acutely induce neurodegeneration in order to follow the temporal order of <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> following injury in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that sites of injury can be rapidly identified based on structural defects to the neuronal cytoskeleton that result in disrupted axonal transport. Additionally, the neuromuscular junction accumulates ubiquitinated proteins prior to the neurodegenerative <span class="hlt">events</span>, <span class="hlt">occurring</span> at 24 hours post injury. Our data provide insights into the early molecular <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> during axonal and neuromuscular degeneration in a genetically tractable model organism. Importantly, the mechanisms that mediate neurodegeneration in flies are conserved in humans. Thus, these studies have implications for our understanding of the cellular and molecular <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in humans and will facilitate the identification of biomedically relevant targets for future treatments. PMID:26512206</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3884548','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3884548"><span>Statistical analysis of mixed recurrent <span class="hlt">event</span> data with application to cancer survivor study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhu, Liang; Tong, Xingwei; Zhao, Hui; Sun, Jianguo; Srivastava, Deo Kumar; Leisenring, Wendy; Robison, Leslie L.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Event</span> history studies <span class="hlt">occur</span> in many fields including economics, medical studies and social science. In such studies concerning some recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span>, two types of data have been extensively discussed in the literature. One is recurrent <span class="hlt">event</span> data that arise if study subjects are monitored or observed continuously. In this case, the observed information provides the times of all occurrences of the recurrent <span class="hlt">events</span> of interest. The other is panel count data, which <span class="hlt">occur</span> if the subjects are monitored or observed only periodically. This can happen if the continuous observation is too expensive or not practical and in this case, only the numbers of occurrences of the <span class="hlt">events</span> between subsequent observation times are available. In this paper, we discuss a third type of data, which is a mixture of recurrent <span class="hlt">event</span> and panel count data and for which there exists little literature. For regression analysis of such data, a marginal mean model is presented and we propose an estimating equation-based approach for estimation of regression parameters. A simulation study is conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed methodology and indicates that it works well for practical situations. Finally it is applied to a motivating study on childhood cancer survivors. PMID:23139023</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2778120','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2778120"><span>Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication: Systematic review and meta-analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ford, Alexander C; Malfertheiner, Peter; Giguère, Monique; Santana, José; Khan, Mostafizur; Moayyedi, Paul</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>AIM: To assess the safety of bismuth used in Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication therapy regimens. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (up to October 2007) to identify randomised controlled trials comparing bismuth with placebo or no treatment, or bismuth salts in combination with antibiotics as part of eradication therapy with the same dose and duration of antibiotics alone or, in combination, with acid suppression. Total numbers of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were recorded. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We identified 35 randomised controlled trials containing 4763 patients. There were no serious adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> with bismuth therapy. There was no statistically significant difference detected in total adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> with bismuth [relative risk (RR) = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.16], specific individual adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, with the exception of dark stools (RR = 5.06; 95% CI: 1.59-16.12), or adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> leading to withdrawal of therapy (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.54-1.37). CONCLUSION: Bismuth for the treatment of H pylori is safe and well-tolerated. The only adverse <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> significantly more commonly was dark stools. PMID:19109870</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A%26A...493..629Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A%26A...493..629Z"><span>The X17.2 flare <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in NOAA 10486: an example of filament destabilization caused by a domino effect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zuccarello, F.; Romano, P.; Farnik, F.; Karlicky, M.; Contarino, L.; Battiato, V.; Guglielmino, S. L.; Comparato, M.; Ugarte-Urra, I.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Context: It is now possible to distinguish between two main models describing the mechanisms responsible for eruptive flares : the standard model, which assumes that most of the energy is released, by magnetic reconnection, in the region hosting the core of a sheared magnetic field, and the breakout model, which assumes reconnection <span class="hlt">occurs</span> at first in a magnetic arcade overlaying the eruptive features. Aims: We analyze the phenomena observed in NOAA 10486 before and during an X17.2 flare that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on 2003 October 28, to study the relationship between the pre-flare and flare phases and determine which model is the most suitable for interpreting this <span class="hlt">event</span>. Methods: We performed an analysis of multiwavelength data set available for the <span class="hlt">event</span> using radio data (0.8-4.5 GHz), images in the visible range (WL and Hα), EUV images (1600 and 195 Å), and X-ray data, as well as MDI longitudinal magnetograms. We determined the temporal sequence of <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> before and during the X17.2 flare and the magnetic field configuration in the linear force-free field approximation. Results: The active region was characterized by a multiple arcade configuration and the X17.2 flare was preceded, by ~2 h, by the partial eruption of one filament. This eruption caused reconnection at null points located in the low atmosphere and a decrease in magnetic tension in the coronal field lines overlaying other filaments present in the active region. As a consequence, these filaments were destabilized and the X17.2 flare <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Conclusions: The phenomena observed in NOAA 10486 before and during the X17.2 flare cannot be explained by a simple scenario such as the standard or breakout model, but instead in terms of a so-called domino effect, involving a sequence of destabilizing processes that triggered the flare.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.933a2009Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.933a2009Y"><span>Research on Crowdsourcing Emergency Information Extraction of Based on <span class="hlt">Events</span>' Frame</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Bo; Wang, Jizhou; Ma, Weijun; Mao, Xi</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>At present, the common information extraction method cannot extract the structured emergency <span class="hlt">event</span> information accurately; the general information retrieval tool cannot completely identify the emergency geographic information; these ways also do not have an accurate assessment of these results of distilling. So, this paper proposes an emergency information collection technology based on <span class="hlt">event</span> framework. This technique is to solve the problem of emergency information picking. It mainly includes emergency information extraction model (EIEM), complete address recognition method (CARM) and the accuracy evaluation model of emergency information (AEMEI). EIEM can be structured to extract emergency information and complements the lack of network data acquisition in emergency mapping. CARM uses a hierarchical model and the shortest path algorithm and allows the toponomy pieces to be joined as a full address. AEMEI analyzes the results of the emergency <span class="hlt">event</span> and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the <span class="hlt">event</span> framework. Experiments show that <span class="hlt">event</span> frame technology can solve the problem of emergency information drawing and provides reference cases for other applications. When the emergency disaster is about to <span class="hlt">occur</span>, the relevant departments query emergency's data that has <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the past. They can make arrangements ahead of schedule which defense and reducing disaster. The technology decreases the number of casualties and property damage in the country and world. This is of great significance to the state and society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5492489','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5492489"><span>Recognizing Bedside <span class="hlt">Events</span> Using Thermal and Ultrasonic Readings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Asbjørn, Danielsen; Jim, Torresen</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Falls in homes of the elderly, in residential care facilities and in hospitals commonly <span class="hlt">occur</span> in close proximity to the bed. Most approaches for recognizing falls use cameras, which challenge privacy, or sensor devices attached to the bed or the body to recognize bedside <span class="hlt">events</span> and bedside falls. We use data collected from a ceiling mounted 80 × 60 thermal array combined with an ultrasonic sensor device. This approach makes it possible to monitor activity while preserving privacy in a non-intrusive manner. We evaluate three different approaches towards recognizing location and posture of an individual. Bedside <span class="hlt">events</span> are recognized using a 10-second floating image rule/filter-based approach, recognizing bedside falls with 98.62% accuracy. Bed-entry and exit <span class="hlt">events</span> are recognized with 98.66% and 96.73% accuracy, respectively. PMID:28598394</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........60V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........60V"><span>An analysis of high-impact, low-predictive skill severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span> in the northeast U.S</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vaughan, Matthew T.</p> <p></p> <p>An objective evaluation of Storm Prediction Center slight risk convective outlooks, as well as a method to identify high-impact severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span> with poor-predictive skill are presented in this study. The objectives are to assess severe weather forecast skill over the northeast U.S. relative to the continental U.S., build a climatology of high-impact, low-predictive skill <span class="hlt">events</span> between 1980--2013, and investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic differences between severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span> with low-predictive skill and high-predictive skill over the northeast U.S. Severe storm reports of hail, wind, and tornadoes are used to calculate skill scores including probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR) and threat scores (TS) for each convective outlook. Low predictive skill <span class="hlt">events</span> are binned into low POD (type 1) and high FAR (type 2) categories to assess temporal variability of low-predictive skill <span class="hlt">events</span>. Type 1 <span class="hlt">events</span> were found to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in every year of the dataset with an average of 6 <span class="hlt">events</span> per year. Type 2 <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> less frequently and are more common in the earlier half of the study period. An <span class="hlt">event</span>-centered composite analysis is performed on the low-predictive skill database using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis 0.5° gridded dataset to analyze the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions prior to high-impact severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span> with varying predictive skill. Deep-layer vertical shear between 1000--500 hPa is found to be a significant discriminator in slight risk forecast skill where high-impact <span class="hlt">events</span> with less than 31-kt shear have lower threat scores than high-impact <span class="hlt">events</span> with higher shear values. Case study analysis of type 1 <span class="hlt">events</span> suggests the environment over which severe weather <span class="hlt">occurs</span> is characterized by high downdraft convective available potential energy, steep low-level lapse rates, and high lifting condensation level heights that contribute to an elevated risk of severe wind.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LNCS.5823..893S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LNCS.5823..893S"><span>Lifting <span class="hlt">Events</span> in RDF from Interactions with Annotated Web Pages</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stühmer, Roland; Anicic, Darko; Sen, Sinan; Ma, Jun; Schmidt, Kay-Uwe; Stojanovic, Nenad</p> <p></p> <p>In this paper we present a method and an implementation for creating and processing semantic <span class="hlt">events</span> from interaction with Web pages which opens possibilities to build <span class="hlt">event</span>-driven applications for the (Semantic) Web. <span class="hlt">Events</span>, simple or complex, are models for things that happen e.g., when a user interacts with a Web page. <span class="hlt">Events</span> are consumed in some meaningful way e.g., for monitoring reasons or to trigger actions such as responses. In order for receiving parties to understand <span class="hlt">events</span> e.g., comprehend what has led to an <span class="hlt">event</span>, we propose a general <span class="hlt">event</span> schema using RDFS. In this schema we cover the composition of complex <span class="hlt">events</span> and <span class="hlt">event-to-event</span> relationships. These <span class="hlt">events</span> can then be used to route semantic information about an occurrence to different recipients helping in making the Semantic Web active. Additionally, we present an architecture for detecting and composing <span class="hlt">events</span> in Web clients. For the contents of <span class="hlt">events</span> we show a way of how they are enriched with semantic information about the context in which they <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. The paper is presented in conjunction with the use case of Semantic Advertising, which extends traditional clickstream analysis by introducing semantic short-term profiling, enabling discovery of the current interest of a Web user and therefore supporting advertisement providers in responding with more relevant advertisements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S31A2710A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.S31A2710A"><span>Fine-Scale <span class="hlt">Event</span> Location and Error Analysis in NET-VISA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arora, N. S.; Russell, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>NET-VISA is a generative probabilistic model for the occurrence of seismic, hydro, and atmospheric <span class="hlt">events</span>, and the propagation of energy from these <span class="hlt">events</span> through various mediums and phases before being detected, or misdetected, by IMS stations. It is built on top of the basic station, and arrival detection processing at the IDC, and is currently being tested in the IDC network processing pipelines. A <span class="hlt">key</span> distinguishing feature of NET-VISA is that it is easy to incorporate prior scientific knowledge and historical data into the probabilistic model. The model accounts for both detections and mis-detections when forming <span class="hlt">events</span>, and this allows it to make more accurate <span class="hlt">event</span> hypothesis. It has been continuously evaluated since 2012, and in each year it makes a roughly 60% reduction in the number of missed <span class="hlt">events</span> without increasing the false <span class="hlt">event</span> rate as compared to the existing GA algorithm. More importantly the model finds large numbers of <span class="hlt">events</span> that have been confirmed by regional seismic bulletins but missed by the IDC analysts using the same data. In this work we focus on enhancements to the model to improve the location accuracy, and error ellipses. We will present a new version of the model that focuses on the fine scale around the <span class="hlt">event</span> location, and present error ellipses and analysis of recent important <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec100-501.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec100-501.pdf"><span>33 CFR 100.501 - Special Local Regulations; Marine <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the Fifth Coast Guard District.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... regulations apply to the marine <span class="hlt">events</span> listed in the Table to § 100.501. These regulations will be effective... involved will be published in Local Notices to Mariners and via Broadcast Notice to Mariners over VHF-FM... <span class="hlt">event</span>, contact the Captain of the Port for the area in which the <span class="hlt">event</span> will <span class="hlt">occur</span>, at the phone numbers...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.178...87K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.178...87K"><span>An analysis of chemical and meteorological characteristics of haze <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Seoul metropolitan area during January 12-18, 2013</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koo, Youn-Seo; Yun, Hui-Young; Choi, Dae-Ryun; Han, Jin-Seok; Lee, Jae-Bum; Lim, Yong-Jae</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The chemical characteristics of secondary inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols as well as their formation mechanisms during the haze <span class="hlt">event</span> of January 12-18, 2013, in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) were investigated using measurements at the Baengnyeong and Seoul supersites with data available from LIDAR, meteorology, and modeling. An extraordinary haze <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in northern China during that period extended to the Korean Peninsula and initiated the haze <span class="hlt">event</span> in the SMA. Local emissions of primary aerosol and gaseous precursors in the SMA then made the situation worse under adverse meteorological conditions. OM (Organic Matter) and SO42- were the major long-range transport (LRT) aerosols from the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province (BTH) area to the SMA during the initial stage of the haze <span class="hlt">event</span>. The LRT of SO42- from the BTH area, which was detected at Baengnyeong Island, was mostly acidic, while in Seoul, it was fully neutralized to (NH4)2SO4. The SIAs (Secondary Inorganic Aerosols) consisting of 56.5% PM2.5 during the haze period were the major chemical species causing haze problems in the SMA. NO3- was the most dominant chemical species among the SIAs and was locally formed by a heavy burden of NOx emissions from mobile sources in the SMA. Carbonaceous aerosols of OM and EC (Elemental Carbon) in the SMA during the haze period consisted of 18.9% PM2.5, but secondary organic carbon (SOC) was not the <span class="hlt">key</span> species inducing the haze <span class="hlt">event</span> during the January episode in the SMA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1570066','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1570066"><span><span class="hlt">Key</span> Issues in the Modes of Action and Effects of Trichloroethylene Metabolites for Liver and Kidney Tumorigenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Caldwell, Jane C.; Keshava, Nagalakshmi</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epidemiologic studies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE risk assessment concluded that it is difficult to determine which TCE metabolites may be responsible for these effects, the <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> involved in their modes of action (MOAs), and the relevance of these MOAs to humans. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on <span class="hlt">key</span> issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we present a review of recently published scientific literature examining the effects of TCE metabolites in the context of the preceding questions. Studies of the TCE metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans. Studies of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine have revealed a number of different possible cell signaling effects that may be related to kidney tumorigenesis at lower concentrations than those leading to cytotoxicity. Recent studies of trichloroethanol exploring an alternative hypothesis for kidney tumorigenesis have failed to establish the formation of formate as a <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">event</span> for TCE-induced kidney tumors. Overall, although MOAs and <span class="hlt">key</span> <span class="hlt">events</span> for TCE-induced liver and kidney tumors have yet to be definitively established, these results support the likelihood that toxicity is due to multiple metabolites through several MOAs, none of which appear to be irrelevant to humans. PMID:16966105</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S41C0774F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.S41C0774F"><span>Revealing the cascade of slow transients behind a large slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frank, W.; Rousset, B.; Lasserre, C.; Campillo, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Capable of reaching similar magnitudes to large megathrust earthquakes (Mw > 7), slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> play a major role in accommodating tectonic motion on plate boundaries. These slip transients are the slow release of built-up tectonic stress that are geodetically imaged as a predominantly aseismic rupture, which is smooth in both time and space. We demonstrate here that large slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> are in fact a complex cascade of short-duration slow transients. Using a dense catalog of low-frequency earthquakes as a guide, we investigate the Mw 7.5 slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 2006 along the subduction interface 40 km beneath Guerrero, Mexico. We show that while the long-period surface displacement as recorded by GPS suggests a six month duration, motion in the direction of tectonic release only sporadically <span class="hlt">occurs</span> over 55 days and its surface signature is attenuated by rapid relocking of the plate interface. These results demonstrate that our current conceptual model of slow and continuous rupture is an artifact of low-resolution geodetic observations of a superposition of small, clustered slip <span class="hlt">events</span>. Our proposed description of slow slip as a cascade of slow transients implies that we systematically overestimate the duration T and underestimate the moment magnitude M of large slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1495482','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1495482"><span>Confidential Clinician-reported Surveillance of Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span> Among Medical Inpatients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Weingart, Saul N; Ship, Amy N; Aronson, Mark D</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND Although iatrogenic injury poses a significant risk to hospitalized patients, detection of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> (AEs) is costly and difficult. METHODS The authors developed a confidential reporting method for detecting AEs on a medicine unit of a teaching hospital. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were defined as patient injuries. Potential adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> (PAEs) represented errors that could have, but did not result in harm. Investigators interviewed house officers during morning rounds and by e-mail, asking them to identify obstacles to high quality care and iatrogenic injuries. They compared house officer reports with hospital incident reports and patients' medical records. A multivariate regression model identified correlates of reporting. RESULTS One hundred ten <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span>, affecting 84 patients. Queries by e-mail (incidence rate ratio [IRR ]=0.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.05 to 0.49) and on days when house officers rotated to a new service (IRR =0.12; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.91) resulted in fewer reports. The most commonly reported process of care problems were inadequate evaluation of the patient (16.4%), failure to monitor or follow up (12.7%), and failure of the laboratory to perform a test (12.7%). Respondents identified 29 (26.4%) AEs, 52 (47.3%) PAEs, and 29 (26.4%) other house officer-identified quality problems. An AE <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 2.6% of admissions. The hospital incident reporting system detected only one house officer-reported <span class="hlt">event</span>. Chart review corroborated 72.9% of <span class="hlt">events</span>. CONCLUSIONS House officers detect many AEs among inpatients. Confidential peer interviews of front-line providers is a promising method for identifying medical errors and substandard quality. PMID:10940133</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373852','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373852"><span>Red Roses and Gift Chocolates Are Judged More Positively in the U.S. Near Valentine's Day: Evidence of Naturally <span class="hlt">Occurring</span> Cultural Priming.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zayas, Vivian; Pandey, Gayathri; Tabak, Joshua</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Attitudes are not static, but constructed at the moment of the evaluation, incorporating temporary contextual influences. How do meaningful <span class="hlt">events</span> that naturally <span class="hlt">occur</span> within a culture, such as a national holiday, shape evaluative judgments of objects related to the holiday? We focused on evaluations of red roses and gift chocolates, which are everyday objects, but also iconic of Valentine's Day in the U.S. We reasoned that if cultural <span class="hlt">events</span> shape evaluations, then roses and chocolates would be evaluated differently near Valentine's Day. Using a large and diverse U.S. sample, we found that as Valentine's Day neared, evaluations of roses and chocolates (but not a comparison object) were evaluated more positively. Increases in positivity of roses and chocolates covaried with their increased cultural relevance, as quantified by the volume of web search queries involving these terms. These findings provide a demonstration of naturally <span class="hlt">occurring</span> cultural priming by which the salience of cultural <span class="hlt">events</span> shape evaluations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3821069','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3821069"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span> Segmentation Ability Uniquely Predicts <span class="hlt">Event</span> Memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sargent, Jesse Q.; Zacks, Jeffrey M.; Hambrick, David Z.; Zacks, Rose T.; Kurby, Christopher A.; Bailey, Heather R.; Eisenberg, Michelle L.; Beck, Taylor M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Memory for everyday <span class="hlt">events</span> plays a central role in tasks of daily living, autobiographical memory, and planning. <span class="hlt">Event</span> memory depends in part on segmenting ongoing activity into meaningful units. This study examined the relationship between <span class="hlt">event</span> segmentation and memory in a lifespan sample to answer the following question: Is the ability to segment activity into meaningful <span class="hlt">events</span> a unique predictor of subsequent memory, or is the relationship between <span class="hlt">event</span> perception and memory accounted for by general cognitive abilities? Two hundred and eight adults ranging from 20 to 79 years old segmented movies of everyday <span class="hlt">events</span> and attempted to remember the <span class="hlt">events</span> afterwards. They also completed psychometric ability tests and tests measuring script knowledge for everyday <span class="hlt">events</span>. <span class="hlt">Event</span> segmentation and script knowledge both explained unique variance in <span class="hlt">event</span> memory above and beyond the psychometric measures, and did so as strongly in older as in younger adults. These results suggest that <span class="hlt">event</span> segmentation is a basic cognitive mechanism, important for memory across the lifespan. PMID:23942350</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4540025','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4540025"><span>The 2014 coral bleaching and freshwater flood <span class="hlt">events</span> in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Kuʻulei S.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Until recently, subtropical Hawaiʻi escaped the major bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span> that have devastated many tropical regions, but the continued increases in global long-term mean temperatures and the apparent ending of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) cool phase have increased the risk of bleaching <span class="hlt">events</span>. Climate models and observations predict that bleaching in Hawaiʻi will <span class="hlt">occur</span> with increasing frequency and increasing severity over future decades. A freshwater “kill” <span class="hlt">event</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during July 2014 in the northern part of Kāneʻohe Bay that reduced coral cover by 22.5% in the area directly impacted by flooding. A subsequent major bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> during September 2014 caused extensive coral bleaching and mortality throughout the bay and further reduced coral cover in the freshwater kill area by 60.0%. The high temperature bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> only caused a 1.0% reduction in live coral throughout the portion of the bay not directly impacted by the freshwater <span class="hlt">event</span>. Thus, the combined impact of the low salinity <span class="hlt">event</span> and the thermal bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> appears to be more than simply additive. The temperature regime during the September 2014 bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> was analogous in duration and intensity to that of the large bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> previously during August 1996, but resulted in a much larger area of bleaching and coral mortality. Apparently seasonal timing as well as duration and magnitude of heating is important. Coral spawning in the dominant coral species <span class="hlt">occurs</span> early in the summer, so reservoirs of stored lipid in the corals had been depleted by spawning prior to the September 2014 <span class="hlt">event</span>. Warm months above 27 °C result in lower coral growth and presumably could further decrease lipid reserves, leading to a bleaching <span class="hlt">event</span> that was more severe than would have happened if the high temperatures <span class="hlt">occurred</span> earlier in the summer. Hawaiian reef corals decrease skeletal growth at temperatures above 27 °C, so perhaps the “stress period” actually started long</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054486','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054486"><span>Knowledge is power: averting safety-compromising <span class="hlt">events</span> in the OR.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Catalano, Kathleen</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Surgical procedures can be unpredictable, and safety-compromising <span class="hlt">events</span> can jeopardize patient safety. Perioperative nurses should be watchful for factors that can contribute to safety-compromising <span class="hlt">events</span>, as well as the errors that can follow, and know how to avert them if possible. Knowledge is power and increased awareness of patient safety issues and the resources that are available to both health care practitioners and consumers can help perioperative nurses ward off patient safety problems before they <span class="hlt">occur</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25771072','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25771072"><span>Contributions from associative and explicit sequence knowledge to the execution of discrete <span class="hlt">keying</span> sequences.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Verwey, Willem B</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Research has provided many indications that highly practiced 6-<span class="hlt">key</span> sequences are carried out in a chunking mode in which <span class="hlt">key</span>-specific stimuli past the first are largely ignored. When in such sequences a deviating stimulus occasionally <span class="hlt">occurs</span> at an unpredictable location, participants fall back to responding to individual stimuli (Verwey & Abrahamse, 2012). The observation that in such a situation execution still benefits from prior practice has been attributed to the possibility to operate in an associative mode. To better understand the contribution to the execution of <span class="hlt">keying</span> sequences of motor chunks, associative sequence knowledge and also of explicit sequence knowledge, the present study tested three alternative accounts for the earlier finding of an execution rate increase at the end of 6-<span class="hlt">key</span> sequences performed in the associative mode. The results provide evidence that the earlier observed execution rate increase can be attributed to the use of explicit sequence knowledge. In the present experiment this benefit was limited to sequences that are executed at the moderately fast rates of the associative mode, and <span class="hlt">occurred</span> at both the earlier and final elements of the sequences. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4676974','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4676974"><span>Whistleblowing Need not <span class="hlt">Occur</span> if Internal Voices Are Heard: From Deaf Effect to Hearer Courage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cleary, Sonja R.; Doyle, Kerrie E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Whistleblowing by health professionals is an infrequent and extraordinary <span class="hlt">event</span> and need not <span class="hlt">occur</span> if internal voices are heard. Mannion and Davies’ editorial on "Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations" asks the question whether whistleblowing ameliorates or exacerbates the ‘deaf effect’ prevalent in healthcare organisations. This commentary argues that the focus should remain on internal processes and hearer courage . PMID:26673652</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877771','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877771"><span>Attribution of extreme weather and climate-related <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stott, Peter A; Christidis, Nikolaos; Otto, Friederike E L; Sun, Ying; Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Vautard, Robert; von Storch, Hans; Walton, Peter; Yiou, Pascal; Zwiers, Francis W</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Extreme weather and climate-related <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> in a particular place, by definition, infrequently. It is therefore challenging to detect systematic changes in their occurrence given the relative shortness of observational records. However, there is a clear interest from outside the climate science community in the extent to which recent damaging extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> can be linked to human-induced climate change or natural climate variability. <span class="hlt">Event</span> attribution studies seek to determine to what extent anthropogenic climate change has altered the probability or magnitude of particular <span class="hlt">events</span>. They have shown clear evidence for human influence having increased the probability of many extremely warm seasonal temperatures and reduced the probability of extremely cold seasonal temperatures in many parts of the world. The evidence for human influence on the probability of extreme precipitation <span class="hlt">events</span>, droughts, and storms is more mixed. Although the science of <span class="hlt">event</span> attribution has developed rapidly in recent years, geographical coverage of <span class="hlt">events</span> remains patchy and based on the interests and capabilities of individual research groups. The development of operational <span class="hlt">event</span> attribution would allow a more timely and methodical production of attribution assessments than currently obtained on an ad hoc basis. For <span class="hlt">event</span> attribution assessments to be most useful, remaining scientific uncertainties need to be robustly assessed and the results clearly communicated. This requires the continuing development of methodologies to assess the reliability of <span class="hlt">event</span> attribution results and further work to understand the potential utility of <span class="hlt">event</span> attribution for stakeholder groups and decision makers. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:23-41. doi: 10.1002/wcc.380 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701258.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-MSFC-1701258.html"><span>2017 Solar Eclipse <span class="hlt">Event</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-06-11</p> <p>Robert Wilson of the Solar/Solar terrestrial Studies team at the National Space Science and Technology Center, a joint research and collaborative think tank partnership of the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and the Marshall Space Flight Center, adjusts his telescope which is set up as a viewing opportunity for MSFC employees prior to the August 21, 2017 solar eclipse <span class="hlt">event</span>. The Huntsville area experienced 97 percent occultation, nearly a complete blocking out of the sun by the orbit of Earth's moon. The next opportunity to view a solar eclipse in the eastern and central United States will <span class="hlt">occur</span> in April 2024.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146906','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146906"><span>Development and Application of Syndromic Surveillance for Severe Weather <span class="hlt">Events</span> Following Hurricane Sandy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsai, Stella; Hamby, Teresa; Chu, Alvin; Gleason, Jessie A; Goodrow, Gabrielle M; Gu, Hui; Lifshitz, Edward; Fagliano, Jerald A</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Following Hurricane Superstorm Sandy, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) developed indicators to enhance syndromic surveillance for extreme weather <span class="hlt">events</span> in EpiCenter, an online system that collects and analyzes real-time chief complaint emergency department (ED) data and classifies each visit by indicator or syndrome. These severe weather indicators were finalized by using 2 steps: (1) <span class="hlt">key</span> word inclusion by review of chief complaints from cases where diagnostic codes met selection criteria and (2) <span class="hlt">key</span> word exclusion by evaluating cases with <span class="hlt">key</span> words of interest that lacked selected diagnostic codes. Graphs compared 1-month, 3-month, and 1-year periods of 8 Hurricane Sandy-related severe weather <span class="hlt">event</span> indicators against the same period in the following year. Spikes in overall ED visits were observed immediately after the hurricane for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the 3 disrupted outpatient medical care indicators, asthma, and methadone-related substance use. Zip code level scan statistics indicated clusters of CO poisoning and increased medicine refill needs during the 2 weeks after Hurricane Sandy. CO poisoning clusters were identified in areas with power outages of 4 days or longer. This endeavor gave the NJDOH a clearer picture of the effects of Hurricane Sandy and yielded valuable state preparation information to monitor the effects of future severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span>. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:463-471).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...636756B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...636756B"><span>Two-dimensional distributed-phase-reference protocol for quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bacco, Davide; Christensen, Jesper Bjerge; Castaneda, Mario A. Usuga; Ding, Yunhong; Forchhammer, Søren; Rottwitt, Karsten; Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution (QKD) and quantum communication enable the secure exchange of information between remote parties. Currently, the distributed-phase-reference (DPR) protocols, which are based on weak coherent pulses, are among the most practical solutions for long-range QKD. During the last 10 years, long-distance fiber-based DPR systems have been successfully demonstrated, although fundamental obstacles such as intrinsic channel losses limit their performance. Here, we introduce the first two-dimensional DPR-QKD protocol in which information is encoded in the time and phase of weak coherent pulses. The ability of extracting two bits of information per detection <span class="hlt">event</span>, enables a higher secret <span class="hlt">key</span> rate in specific realistic network scenarios. Moreover, despite the use of more dimensions, the proposed protocol remains simple, practical, and fully integrable.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28004821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28004821"><span>Two-dimensional distributed-phase-reference protocol for quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bacco, Davide; Christensen, Jesper Bjerge; Castaneda, Mario A Usuga; Ding, Yunhong; Forchhammer, Søren; Rottwitt, Karsten; Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo</p> <p>2016-12-22</p> <p>Quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution (QKD) and quantum communication enable the secure exchange of information between remote parties. Currently, the distributed-phase-reference (DPR) protocols, which are based on weak coherent pulses, are among the most practical solutions for long-range QKD. During the last 10 years, long-distance fiber-based DPR systems have been successfully demonstrated, although fundamental obstacles such as intrinsic channel losses limit their performance. Here, we introduce the first two-dimensional DPR-QKD protocol in which information is encoded in the time and phase of weak coherent pulses. The ability of extracting two bits of information per detection <span class="hlt">event</span>, enables a higher secret <span class="hlt">key</span> rate in specific realistic network scenarios. Moreover, despite the use of more dimensions, the proposed protocol remains simple, practical, and fully integrable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5177871','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5177871"><span>Two-dimensional distributed-phase-reference protocol for quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bacco, Davide; Christensen, Jesper Bjerge; Castaneda, Mario A. Usuga; Ding, Yunhong; Forchhammer, Søren; Rottwitt, Karsten; Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Quantum <span class="hlt">key</span> distribution (QKD) and quantum communication enable the secure exchange of information between remote parties. Currently, the distributed-phase-reference (DPR) protocols, which are based on weak coherent pulses, are among the most practical solutions for long-range QKD. During the last 10 years, long-distance fiber-based DPR systems have been successfully demonstrated, although fundamental obstacles such as intrinsic channel losses limit their performance. Here, we introduce the first two-dimensional DPR-QKD protocol in which information is encoded in the time and phase of weak coherent pulses. The ability of extracting two bits of information per detection <span class="hlt">event</span>, enables a higher secret <span class="hlt">key</span> rate in specific realistic network scenarios. Moreover, despite the use of more dimensions, the proposed protocol remains simple, practical, and fully integrable. PMID:28004821</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A44B..06R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A44B..06R"><span>Extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Arctic: Wintertime variability and trends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rinke, A.; Maturilli, M.; Graham, R. M.; Matthes, H.; Handorf, D.; Cohen, L.; Hudson, S. R.; Moore, J. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">events</span> often <span class="hlt">occur</span> during Arctic winters, and are of concern as they transport heat and moisture into the Arctic, which is associated with mixed-phase clouds and increased longwave downward radiation, and can cause temperatures to rise above freezing resulting in wintertime sea-ice melting or retarded sea-ice growth. With Arctic amplification and associated reduced sea-ice cover and warmer sea surface temperatures, the occurrence of extreme cyclones <span class="hlt">events</span> could be a plausible scenario. We calculate the spatial patterns, and changes and trends of the number of extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Arctic based on ERA-Interim six-hourly sea level pressure (SLP) data for winter (November-February) 1979-2015. Further, we analyze the SLP data from the Ny-Ålesund station for the same 37 year period. We define an extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">event</span> by an extreme low central pressure (SLP below 985 hPa, which is the 5th percentile of the Ny-Ålesund/N-ICE2015 SLP data). Typically 20-40 extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">events</span> (sometimes called `weather bombs') <span class="hlt">occur</span> in the Arctic North Atlantic per winter season, with an increasing trend of 6 <span class="hlt">events</span>/decade, according to the Ny-Ålesund data. This increased frequency of extreme cyclones drive considerable warming in that region, consistent with the observed significant winter warming of 3 K/decade. The positive winter trend in extreme cyclones is dominated by a positive monthly trend of about 3-4 <span class="hlt">events</span>/decade in November-December, due mainly to an increasing persistence of extreme cyclone <span class="hlt">events</span>. A negative trend in January opposes this, while there is no significant trend in February. We relate the regional patterns of the trend in extreme cyclones to anomalously low sea-ice conditions in recent years, together with associated large-scale atmospheric circulation changes such as "blocking-like" circulation patterns (e.g. Scandinavian blocking in December and Ural blocking during January-February).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950008400','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950008400"><span>Search for gamma-ray <span class="hlt">events</span> in the BATSE data base</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lewin, Walter</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>We find large location errors and error radii in the locations of channel 1 Cygnus X-1 <span class="hlt">events</span>. These errors and their associated uncertainties are a result of low signal-to-noise ratios (a few sigma) in the two brightest detectors for each <span class="hlt">event</span>. The untriggered <span class="hlt">events</span> suffer from similarly low signal-to-noise ratios, and their location errors are expected to be at least as large as those found for Cygnus X-1 with a given signal-to-noise ratio. The statistical error radii are consistent with those found for Cygnus X-1 and with the published estimates. We therefore expect approximately 20 - 30 deg location errors for the untriggered <span class="hlt">events</span>. Hence, many of the untriggered <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> within a few months of the triggered activity from SGR 1900 plus 14 are indeed consistent with the SGR source location, although Cygnus X-1 is also a good candidate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-23/pdf/2011-12373.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-23/pdf/2011-12373.pdf"><span>76 FR 29640 - Special Local Regulations for Marine <span class="hlt">Events</span>; Chester River, Chestertown, MD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-05-23</p> <p>... during the reenactment portion of the ``Chestertown Tea Party Festival,'' a marine <span class="hlt">event</span> to be held on... Tea Party Festival will sponsor a reenactment in the Chester River at Chestertown, MD. The <span class="hlt">key</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942350','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942350"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span> segmentation ability uniquely predicts <span class="hlt">event</span> memory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sargent, Jesse Q; Zacks, Jeffrey M; Hambrick, David Z; Zacks, Rose T; Kurby, Christopher A; Bailey, Heather R; Eisenberg, Michelle L; Beck, Taylor M</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Memory for everyday <span class="hlt">events</span> plays a central role in tasks of daily living, autobiographical memory, and planning. <span class="hlt">Event</span> memory depends in part on segmenting ongoing activity into meaningful units. This study examined the relationship between <span class="hlt">event</span> segmentation and memory in a lifespan sample to answer the following question: Is the ability to segment activity into meaningful <span class="hlt">events</span> a unique predictor of subsequent memory, or is the relationship between <span class="hlt">event</span> perception and memory accounted for by general cognitive abilities? Two hundred and eight adults ranging from 20 to 79years old segmented movies of everyday <span class="hlt">events</span> and attempted to remember the <span class="hlt">events</span> afterwards. They also completed psychometric ability tests and tests measuring script knowledge for everyday <span class="hlt">events</span>. <span class="hlt">Event</span> segmentation and script knowledge both explained unique variance in <span class="hlt">event</span> memory above and beyond the psychometric measures, and did so as strongly in older as in younger adults. These results suggest that <span class="hlt">event</span> segmentation is a basic cognitive mechanism, important for memory across the lifespan. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693705','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693705"><span>Interventions designed using quality improvement methods reduce the incidence of serious airway <span class="hlt">events</span> and airway cardiac arrests during pediatric anesthesia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spaeth, James P; Kreeger, Renee; Varughese, Anna M; Wittkugel, Eric</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Although serious complications during pediatric anesthesia are less common than they were 20 years ago, serious airway <span class="hlt">events</span> continue to <span class="hlt">occur</span>. Based on Quality Improvement (QI) data from our institution, a QI project was designed to reduce the incidence of serious airway <span class="hlt">events</span> and airway cardiac arrests. A quality improvement team consisting of members of the Department of Anesthesia was formed and QI data from previous years were analyzed. The QI team developed a Smart Aim, <span class="hlt">Key</span> Driver Diagram, and specific Interventions that focused on the accessibility of emergency drugs, the use of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants for endotracheal intubation in children 2 years and younger, and the presence of anesthesia providers until emergence from anesthesia in high-risk patients. The percentage of cases where muscle relaxants were utilized in children 2 years and younger for endotracheal intubation and where atropine and succinylcholine were readily available increased at both our base and outpatient facilities. Over the 2.5-year study period, the incidence of serious airway <span class="hlt">events</span> and airway cardiac arrests was reduced by 44% and 59%, respectively compared to the previous 2-year period. We utilized QI methodology to design and implement a project which led to greater standardization of clinical practice within a large pediatric anesthesia group. Based on an understanding of system issues impacting our clinical practice, we designed and tested interventions that led to a significant reduction in the incidence of serious airway <span class="hlt">events</span> and airway cardiac arrests. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070014887','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070014887"><span>Stable Low Cloud Phase II: Nocturnal <span class="hlt">Event</span> Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bauman, William H., III; Barrett, Joe, III</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This report describes the work done by the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) in developing a database of nights that experienced rapid (< 90 minutes) low cloud formation in a stable atmosphere, resulting in ceilings at the Shuttle Landing Facility (TTS) that violated Space Shuttle Flight Rules (FR). This work is the second phase of a similar AMU task that examined the same phenomena during the day. In the first phase of this work, the meteorological conditions favoring the rapid formation of low ceilings include the presence of any inversion below 8000 ft, high relative humidity (RH) beneath the inversion and a clockwise turning of the winds from the surface to the middle troposphere (-15000 ft). The AMU compared and contrasted the atmospheric and thermodynamic conditions between nights with rapid low ceiling formation and nights with low ceilings resulting from other mechanisms. The AMU found that there was little to discern between the rapidly-forming ceiling nights and other low ceiling nights at TTS. When a rapid development <span class="hlt">occurred</span>, the average RH below the inversions was 87% while non-<span class="hlt">events</span> had an average RH of 79%. One <span class="hlt">key</span> parameter appeared to be the vertical wind profile in the Cape Canaveral, FL radiosonde (XMR) sounding. Eighty-three percent of the rapid development <span class="hlt">events</span> had veering winds with height from the surface to the middle troposphere (-15,000 ft) while 61% of the non-<span class="hlt">events</span> had veering winds with height. Veering winds indicate a warm-advection regime, which supports large-scale rising motion and ultimately cloud formation in a moist environment. However, only six of the nights (out of 86 <span class="hlt">events</span> examined) with low cloud ceilings had an occurrence of rapidly developing ceilings. Since only 7% rapid development <span class="hlt">events</span> were observed in this dataset, it is likely that rapid low cloud development is not a common occurrence during the night, or at least not as common as during the day. In the AMU work on the daytime rapid low cloud development (Case</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2117099','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2117099"><span>Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and treatment interruption in tuberculosis patients with and without HIV co‐infection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Breen, R A M; Miller, R F; Gorsuch, T; Smith, C J; Schwenk, A; Holmes, W; Ballinger, J; Swaden, L; Johnson, M A; Cropley, I; Lipman, M C I</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Background Serious treatment associated adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> are thought to <span class="hlt">occur</span> more frequently in individuals with tuberculosis (TB) who are co‐infected with HIV. A study was undertaken to assess the frequency of serious (grade III/IV) adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and interruption of anti‐TB treatment in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Methods The incidence of serious adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> was retrospectively compared in 312 individuals treated for TB, 156 of whom were co‐infected with HIV. Results 111 HIV infected individuals (71%) received highly active antiretroviral therapy at the same time as anti‐TB treatment. Serious adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were recorded in 40% HIV infected and 26% HIV uninfected individuals (p = 0.008). Peripheral neuropathy and persistent vomiting were more common in co‐infected patients (p<0.001; p = 0.006), although all cause interruption of anti‐TB treatment <span class="hlt">occurred</span> with similar frequency in the two groups (13% in HIV infected patients and 15% in HIV uninfected patients; p = 0.74). In 85% of HIV infected patients and 87% of HIV uninfected individuals this was due to hepatotoxicity, which typically presented within 2 months of starting treatment. The median delay in restarting treatment was 4 weeks, so most individuals required full TB re‐treatment. Conclusion Despite a greater rate of serious (grade III/IV) adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> among HIV infected individuals, discontinuation of anti‐TB treatment <span class="hlt">occurred</span> with a similar frequency in HIV infected and HIV uninfected individuals. PMID:16844730</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160014620','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160014620"><span>Let Our Powers Combine! Harnessing NASA's Earth Observatory Natural <span class="hlt">Event</span> Tracker (EONET) in Worldview</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wong, Min Minnie; Ward, Kevin; Boller, Ryan; Gunnoe, Taylor; Baynes, Kathleen; King, Benjamin</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Constellations of NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites orbit the earth to collect images and data about the planet in near real-time. Within hours of satellite overpass, you can discover where the latest wildfires, severe storms, volcanic eruptions, and dust and haze <span class="hlt">events</span> are <span class="hlt">occurring</span> using NASA's Worldview web application. By harnessing a repository of curated natural <span class="hlt">event</span> metadata from NASA Earth Observatory's Natural <span class="hlt">Event</span> Tracker (EONET), Worldview has moved natural <span class="hlt">event</span> discovery to the forefront and allows users to select <span class="hlt">events</span>-of-interest from a curated list, zooms to the area, and adds the most relevant imagery layers for that type of natural <span class="hlt">event</span>. This poster will highlight NASA Worldviews new natural <span class="hlt">event</span> feed functionality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930049682&hterms=Open+Field&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DOpen%2BField','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930049682&hterms=Open+Field&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DOpen%2BField"><span>Counterstreaming solar wind halo electron <span class="hlt">events</span> on open field lines?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gosling, J. T.; Mccomas, D. J.; Phillips, J. L.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Counterstreaming solar wind halo electron <span class="hlt">events</span> have been identified as a common 1 AU signature of coronal mass ejection <span class="hlt">events</span>, and have generally been interpreted as indicative of closed magnetic field topologies, i.e., magnetic loops or flux ropes rooted at both ends in the Sun, or detached plasmoids. In this paper we examine the possibility that these <span class="hlt">events</span> may instead <span class="hlt">occur</span> preferentially on open field lines, and that counterstreaming results from reflection or injection behind interplanetary shocks or from mirroring from regions of compressed magnetic field farther out in the heliosphere. We conclude that neither of these suggested sources of counterstreaming electron beams is viable and that the best interpretation of observed counterstreaming electron <span class="hlt">events</span> in the solar wind remains that of passage of closed field structures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AtmRe..93..221H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AtmRe..93..221H"><span>Numerical modeling of severe convective storms <span class="hlt">occurring</span> in the Carpathian Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Horváth, Á.; Geresdi, I.; Németh, P.; Csirmaz, K.; Dombai, F.</p> <p></p> <p>Squall lines often cause serious damages due to the strong surface outflow, hail, or heavy precipitation in Hungary every summer. Squall lines in the Carpathian Basin can be classified into two main categories: pre-frontal squall-lines and frontal convective lines. In this paper, these two types of severe mesoscale phenomena are investigated using the high resolution numerical weather prediction model, the MM5. The case study for the first type of convective systems <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on 18th May 2005 when two main convective lines with their embedded severe storms formed daytime and caused high-velocity wind <span class="hlt">events</span> and extensive damages in the eastern part of Hungary. The second case study is a frontal squall line that hit Budapest on 20th August 2006 and the associated high precipitation (HP) supercells reached the capital of Hungary at same time when the traditional Constitution Day firework began. The consequences were catastrophic: five people were killed and more than one thousand were injured due to the extreme weather. The non-hydrostatic high resolution MM5 model was able to simulate and catch the severe weather <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on the days under discussion. Moreover, the model was able to compute the detailed structure of the supercells embedded in thunderstorm lines. By studying the equivalent potential temperature (EPT) fields at lower levels, we state that in the prefrontal case, there is a competition between the supercell thunderstorms for the wet and warm air. A thunderstorm that can collect the wet and warm air from larger area will have longer lifetime and more intense updraft. In the second case, the frontal squall lines, the movement and the behavior of the supercell storms embedded in the line was highly determined by the synoptic-scale motions and less affected by the EPT field of the prefrontal masses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27754519','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27754519"><span>[Causes of underreporting of occupational injuries and adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> in Chile].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luengo, Carolina; Paravic, Tatiana; Valenzuela, Sandra</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Objective To describe the causes of underreporting of occupational injuries and adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> as identified in the international literature and by <span class="hlt">key</span> informants in the area of health and risk prevention in Chile. Methods The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. This includes a systematized literature review that follows the SALSA method (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) and is in line with the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). In addition, interviews were conducted with informants in the area of health and risk prevention in Chile. Results The leading causes of underreporting of occupational injuries as described in the literature and by <span class="hlt">key</span> informants were economic factors and ignorance. With regard to adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, the principal causes indicated were fear of sanctions, limited support provided by the authorities, lack of knowledge, and excessive workload. Conclusions It is important to continue working to strengthen the reporting of occupational injuries and adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> and to implement measures aimed at minimizing factors that appear to be the leading causes of underreporting. In the case of occupational injuries, this means making sure that economic factors are not an impediment but rather an incentive to reporting. With respect to adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, steps should be taken to eliminate the fear of sanctions and to develop recommendations, focusing more on systemic improvements than on individuals, to promote joint learning. In both cases it will be necessary to combat ignorance through continuous, systematic training and support.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29557086','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29557086"><span>Not my future? Core values and the neural representation of future <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brosch, Tobias; Stussi, Yoann; Desrichard, Olivier; Sander, David</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Individuals with pronounced self-transcendence values have been shown to put greater weight on the long-term consequences of their actions when making decisions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the evaluation of <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> several decades in the future as well as the role of core values in these processes. Thirty-six participants viewed a series of <span class="hlt">events</span>, consisting of potential consequences of climate change, which could <span class="hlt">occur</span> in the near future (around 2030), and thus would be experienced by the participants themselves, or in the far future (around 2080). We observed increased activation in anterior VMPFC (BA11), a region involved in encoding the personal significance of future <span class="hlt">events</span>, when participants were envisioning far future <span class="hlt">events</span>, demonstrating for the first time that the role of the VMPFC in future projection extends to the time scale of decades. Importantly, this activation increase was observed only in participants with pronounced self-transcendence values measured by self-report questionnaire, as shown by a statistically significant interaction of temporal distance and value structure. These findings suggest that future projection mechanisms are modulated by self-transcendence values to allow for a more extensive simulation of far future <span class="hlt">events</span>. Consistent with this, these participants reported similar concern ratings for near and far future <span class="hlt">events</span>, whereas participants with pronounced self-enhancement values were more concerned about near future <span class="hlt">events</span>. Our findings provide a neural substrate for the tendency of individuals with pronounced self-transcendence values to consider the long-term consequences of their actions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379344"><span>A score model to predict risk of <span class="hlt">events</span> in patients with Brugada Syndrome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sieira, Juan; Conte, Giulio; Ciconte, Giuseppe; Chierchia, Gian-Battista; Casado-Arroyo, Ruben; Baltogiannis, Giannis; Di Giovanni, Giacomo; Saitoh, Yukio; Juliá, Justo; Mugnai, Giacomo; La Meir, Mark; Wellens, Francis; Czapla, Jens; Pappaert, Gudrun; de Asmundis, Carlo; Brugada, Pedro</p> <p>2017-06-07</p> <p>Risk stratification in Brugada Syndrome (BS) remains challenging. Arrhythmic <span class="hlt">events</span> can <span class="hlt">occur</span> life-long and studies with long follow-ups are sparse. The aim of our study was to investigate long-term prognosis and risk stratification of BS patients. A single centre consecutive cohort of 400 BS patients was included and analysed. Mean age was 41.1 years, 78 patients (19.5%) had a spontaneous type I electrocardiogram (ECG). Clinical presentation was aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 20 patients (5.0%), syncope in 111 (27.8%) and asymptomatic in 269 (67.3%). Familial antecedents of SCD were found in 184 individuals (46.0%), in 31 (7.8%) <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in first-degree relatives younger than 35 years. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was placed in 176 (44.0%). During a mean follow-up of 80.7 months, 34 arrhythmic <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> (<span class="hlt">event</span> rate: 1.4% year). Variables significantly associated to <span class="hlt">events</span> were: presentation as aborted SCD (Hazard risk [HR] 20.0), syncope (HR 3.7), spontaneous type I (HR 2.7), male gender (HR 2.7), early SCD in first-degree relatives (HR 2.9), SND (HR 5.0), inducible VA (HR 4.7) and proband status (HR 2.1). A score including ECG pattern, early familial SCD antecedents, inducible electrophysiological study, presentation as syncope or as aborted SCD and SND had a predictive performance of 0.82. A score greater than 2 conferred a 5-year <span class="hlt">event</span> probability of 9.2%. BS patients remain at risk many years after diagnosis. Early SCD in first-degree relatives and SND are risk factors for arrhythmic <span class="hlt">events</span>. A simple risk score might help in the stratification and management of BS patients. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2017. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1150942.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1150942.pdf"><span>Do Potential Past and Future <span class="hlt">Events</span> Activate the Left-Right Mental Timeline?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Aguirre, Roberto; Santiago, Julio</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Current evidence provides support for the idea that time is mentally represented by spatial means, i.e., a left-right mental timeline. However, available studies have tested only factual <span class="hlt">events</span>, i.e., those which have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in the past or can be predicted to <span class="hlt">occur</span> in the future. In the present study we tested whether past and future potential…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25692298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25692298"><span>The European ruminants during the "Microbunodon <span class="hlt">Event</span>" (MP28, Latest Oligocene): impact of climate changes and faunal <span class="hlt">event</span> on the ruminant evolution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mennecart, Bastien</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Earth already experienced numerous episodes of global warming and cooling. One of the latest impressive <span class="hlt">events</span> of temperature rising was the Late Oligocene Warming that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> around 25 Mya. An increase of the marine temperature of 2 to 4°C has been observed in a short time interval. In Europe, this major climatic <span class="hlt">event</span> can be correlated to the continental faunal turnover "Microbunodon <span class="hlt">Event</span>". This <span class="hlt">event</span> is marked by a huge faunal turnover (40% of the ungulate fauna during the first 500k years) and environmental changes. Drier conditions associated to the appearance of the seasonality lead to new environmental conditions dominated by wooded savannahs. This is correlated to a major arrival of Asiatic immigrants. Moreover, from a homogenous fauna during the main part of the Oligocene, local climatic variations between the European Western coast and the more central Europe could have provided faunal regionalism during the latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene. Considering the ruminants, this <span class="hlt">event</span> is the major ever known for this group in Europe. A total renewal at the family level <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. Thanks to a precise stratigraphic succession, major evolutionary elements are highlighted. Typical Oligocene species, mainly Tragulina, were adapted to wooded environments and were leaves/fruits eaters. They disappeared at the end of MP27 or the early MP28. This corresponds to the appearance of the Asiatic immigrants. The Tragulina (Lophiomerycidae, Bachitheriidae) and stem Pecora gave way to more derived stem and maybe crown Pecora (e.g. "Amphitragulus", Babameryx, Dremotherium). These newcomers were adapted to more open environments and mixed feeding. The disappearance of the Tragulina is probably linked to environmental and vegetation changes, and competition. They give way to more derived ruminants having a more efficient metabolism in drier conditions and a better assimilation of less energetic food.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55880','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55880"><span>Drought <span class="hlt">occurence</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>John W. Coulston</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Why Is Drought Important? Drought is an important forest disturbance that <span class="hlt">occurs</span> regularly in the Western United States and irregularly in the Eastern United States (Dale and others 2001). Moderate drought stress tends to slow plant growth while severedrought stress can also reduce photosynthesis (Kareiva and others 1993). Drought can also interact with...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29661513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29661513"><span>Cinnamon: A systematic review of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hajimonfarednejad, Mahdie; Ostovar, Mohadeseh; Raee, Mohammad Javad; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Mayer, Johannes Gottfried; Heydari, Mojtaba</p> <p>2018-04-05</p> <p>Cinnamon, from the genus Cinnamomum and Lauraceae family, has been used as a popular spice for thousands of years around the world. Many studies have shown therapeutic effects of cinnamon including its antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, antihypertensive, antilipemic, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Due to popular use of cinnamon and several human reports on adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> associated with short or long term use of cinnamon, we aimed to systematically review its human reports of adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>. Databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, PubMed Central and Google scholar were searched using the <span class="hlt">key</span> words "cinnamon" or "cinnamomum" for clinical trials, case reports and case series. Also spontaneous reports about adverse effects of cinnamon were collected from five national and international spontaneous reporting schemes. Thirty eight clinical trials were found, five of them reported adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>. Twenty case reports and seven case series, as well as, spontaneous reports including 160 adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were also included. The most frequent adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> were gastrointestinal disorders and allergic reactions which were self-limiting in the majority of cases. The available data suggests that despite the safety of cinnamon use as a spice and/or flavoring agent, its use may be associated with significant adverse effects in medicinal uses with larger doses or longer duration of use and should be clinically monitored. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4632204','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4632204"><span>Safety monitoring in the Vaccine Adverse <span class="hlt">Event</span> Reporting System (VAERS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shimabukuro, Tom T.; Nguyen, Michael; Martin, David; DeStefano, Frank</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conduct post-licensure vaccine safety monitoring using the Vaccine Adverse <span class="hlt">Event</span> Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous (or passive) reporting system. This means that after a vaccine is approved, CDC and FDA continue to monitor safety while it is distributed in the marketplace for use by collecting and analyzing spontaneous reports of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in persons following vaccination. Various methods and statistical techniques are used to analyze VAERS data, which CDC and FDA use to guide further safety evaluations and inform decisions around vaccine recommendations and regulatory action. VAERS data must be interpreted with caution due to the inherent limitations of passive surveillance. VAERS is primarily a safety signal detection and hypothesis generating system. Generally, VAERS data cannot be used to determine if a vaccine caused an adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>. VAERS data interpreted alone or out of context can lead to erroneous conclusions about cause and effect as well as the risk of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurring</span> following vaccination. CDC makes VAERS data available to the public and readily accessible online. We describe fundamental vaccine safety concepts, provide an overview of VAERS for healthcare professionals who provide vaccinations and might want to report or better understand a vaccine adverse <span class="hlt">event</span>, and explain how CDC and FDA analyze VAERS data. We also describe strengths and limitations, and address common misconceptions about VAERS. Information in this review will be helpful for healthcare professionals counseling patients, parents, and others on vaccine safety and benefit-risk balance of vaccination. PMID:26209838</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29854951','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29854951"><span>Revealing the cluster of slow transients behind a large slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frank, William B; Rousset, Baptiste; Lasserre, Cécile; Campillo, Michel</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Capable of reaching similar magnitudes to large megathrust earthquakes [ M w (moment magnitude) > 7], slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> play a major role in accommodating tectonic motion on plate boundaries through predominantly aseismic rupture. We demonstrate here that large slow slip <span class="hlt">events</span> are a cluster of short-duration slow transients. Using a dense catalog of low-frequency earthquakes as a guide, we investigate the M w 7.5 slow slip <span class="hlt">event</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in 2006 along the subduction interface 40 km beneath Guerrero, Mexico. We show that while the long-period surface displacement, as recorded by Global Positioning System, suggests a 6-month duration, the motion in the direction of tectonic release only sporadically <span class="hlt">occurs</span> over 55 days, and its surface signature is attenuated by rapid relocking of the plate interface. Our proposed description of slow slip as a cluster of slow transients forces us to re-evaluate our understanding of the physics and scaling of slow earthquakes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B43J..06P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B43J..06P"><span>Responses of CO2 Fluxes to Arctic Browning <span class="hlt">Events</span> in a Range of High Latitude, Shrub-Dominated Ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Phoenix, G. K.; Treharne, R.; Emberson, L.; Tømmervik, H. A.; Bjerke, J. W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Climatic and biotic extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> can result in considerable damage to arctic vegetation, often at landscape and larger scale. These acute <span class="hlt">events</span> therefore contribute to the browning observed in some arctic regions. It is of considerable concern, therefore, that such extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> are increasing in frequency as part of climate change. However, despite the increasing importance of browning <span class="hlt">events</span>, and the considerable impact they can have on ecosystems, to date there is little understanding of their impacts on ecosystem carbon fluxes. To address this, the impacts of a number of different, commonly <span class="hlt">occurring</span>, extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> and their subsequent browning (vegetation damage) on <span class="hlt">key</span> ecosystem CO2 fluxes were assessed during the growing season at a range of <span class="hlt">event</span> damaged sites of shrub dominated vegetation. Sites were located from the boreal to High Arctic (64˚N-79˚N) and had been previously been damaged by <span class="hlt">events</span> of frost-drought, extreme winter warming, ground icing and caterpillar (Epirrita autumnata) outbreaks. Plot-level CO2 fluxes of Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (Reco) were assessed using vegetation chambers. At a sub-set of sites, NDVI (greenness) in flux plots was also assessed by hand-held proximal sensor, allowing the relationship between NDVI of damage plots to CO2 flux to be calculated. Despite the contrasting sites and drivers, damage had consistent, major impacts on all fluxes. All sites showed reductions in GPP and NEE with increasing damage, despite efflux from Reco also declining with damage. When scaled to site-level, reductions of up to 81% of NEE, 51% of GPP and 37% of Reco were observed. In the plot-level NDVI-flux relationship, NDVI was shown to explain up to 91% of variation in GPP, and therefore supports the use of NDVI for estimating changes in ecosystem CO2 flux at larger scales in regions where browning has been driven by extreme <span class="hlt">events</span>. This work is the first attempt to quantify the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857981','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857981"><span>[Pre-hospital adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>: a way to go].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alvarez-Ortiz, Nancy Jezzi; Aranaz Andrés, Jesús María; Gea Velázquez De Castro, María Teresa; Miralles Bueno, Juan José</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The occurrence of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> is a problem at all levels of care and creates a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. In Spain there have been significant investigations of adverse effects (AE) in hospitals and primary care, however, studies of pre-hospital care are not yet developed. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, type, preventability, severity and impact of "pre-hospital" adverse <span class="hlt">events</span>, which were detected in the hospitalization index and the comparing those that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> in ambulatory and non-ambulatory care. Case Series Study, with analytical components, of a sample of subjects included in the "National study of adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> related to hospitalization (ENEAS). Qualitative data are presented as proportions with confidence intervals. For comparative analysis of qualitative data, we used the chi-square test. Of a total of 5624 patients, 2.3% (N=131) ((95%)CI: 1.94-2.72) had an AE that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> prior to hospitalization or "pre-hospital", and 40.5% of these (N=53) ((95%)CI: 32.05-48.86) were preventable. In 44 patients the AE had its origin in ambulatory care and 85 patients in non-ambulatory care. The characteristic of patients with ambulatory AE are men and older women (median 76 years) who consulted for medical problems (84.1%) and the AE were related to medication in 77.8%. The characteristic of patients with non-ambulatory AE, were men (median 73 years), consulting for medical and surgical problems (44,7-55,3%) and the EA is related to medications, infections and procedures. The characteristics of patients with AE and undesirable effects that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during pre-hospitalization period depended on whether they originated during ambulatory care or non-ambulatory care. Therefore prevention strategies should take these differences into account. Copyright 2009 SECA. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EOSTr..87..165B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EOSTr..87..165B"><span>Eocene Hyperthermal <span class="hlt">Event</span> Offers Insight Into Greenhouse Warming</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bowen, Gabriel J.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Delaney, Margaret L.; Dickens, Gerald R.; Kelly, Daniel C.; Koch, Paul L.; Kump, Lee R.; Meng, Jin; Sloan, Lisa C.; Thomas, Ellen; Wing, Scott L.; Zachos, James C.</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>What happens to the Earth's climate, environment, and biota when thousands of gigatons of greenhouse gases are rapidly added to the atmosphere? Modern anthropogenic forcing of atmospheric chemistry promises to provide an experiment in such change that has not been matched since the early Paleogene, more than 50 million years ago (Ma),when catastrophic release of carbon to the atmosphere drove abrupt, transient, hyperthermal <span class="hlt">events</span>. Research on the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)-the best documented of these <span class="hlt">events</span>, which <span class="hlt">occurred</span> about 55 Ma-has advanced significantly since its discovery 15 years ago. During the PETM, carbon addition to the oceans and atmosphere was of a magnitude similar to that which is anticipated through the 21st century. This <span class="hlt">event</span> initiated global warming, biotic extinction and migration, and fundamental changes in the carbon and hydrological cycles that transformed the early Paleogene world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3458841','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3458841"><span>Natural Transformation of Campylobacter jejuni <span class="hlt">Occurs</span> Beyond Limits of Growth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vegge, Christina S.; Brøndsted, Lone; Ligowska-Marzęta, Małgorzata; Ingmer, Hanne</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Campylobacter jejuni is a human bacterial pathogen. While poultry is considered to be a major source of food borne campylobacteriosis, C. jejuni is frequently found in the external environment, and water is another well-known source of human infections. Natural transformation is considered to be one of the main mechanisms for mediating transfer of genetic material and evolution of the organism. Given the diverse habitats of C. jejuni we set out to examine how environmental conditions and physiological processes affect natural transformation of C. jejuni. We show that the efficiency of transformation is correlated to the growth conditions, but more importantly that transformation <span class="hlt">occurs</span> at growth-restrictive conditions as well as in the late stationary phase; hence revealing that growth per se is not required for C. jejuni to be competent. Yet, natural transformation of C. jejuni is an energy dependent process, that <span class="hlt">occurs</span> in the absence of transcription but requires an active translational machinery. Moreover, we show the ATP dependent ClpP protease to be important for transformation, which possibly could be associated with reduced protein glycosylation in the ClpP mutant. In contrast, competence of C. jejuni was neither found to be involved in DNA repair following DNA damage nor to provide a growth benefit. Kinetic studies revealed that several transformation <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occur</span> per cell cycle indicating that natural transformation of C. jejuni is a highly efficient process. Thus, our findings suggest that horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation takes place in various habitats occupied by C. jejuni. PMID:23049803</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4850057','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4850057"><span>Simple Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">key</span> development software (WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span>) and an example <span class="hlt">key</span> for Kuruna (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Attigala, Lakshmi; De Silva, Nuwan I.; Clark, Lynn G.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Premise of the study: Programs that are user-friendly and freely available for developing Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> are scarce and most of the well-structured applications are relatively expensive. WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> was developed to enable researchers to easily develop their own Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> with fewer resources. Methods and Results: A Web-based multiaccess identification tool (WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span>) was developed that uses freely available Microsoft ASP.NET technologies and an SQL Server database for Windows-based hosting environments. WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> was tested for its usability with a sample data set, the temperate woody bamboo genus Kuruna (Poaceae). Conclusions: WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> is freely available to the public and can be used to develop Web-based interactive <span class="hlt">keys</span> for any group of species. The interactive <span class="hlt">key</span> we developed for Kuruna using WEBi<span class="hlt">KEY</span> enables users to visually inspect characteristics of Kuruna and identify an unknown specimen as one of seven possible species in the genus. PMID:27144109</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22622305-multiscale-models-stochastic-simulation-methods-computing-rare-key-binding-events-cell-biology','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22622305-multiscale-models-stochastic-simulation-methods-computing-rare-key-binding-events-cell-biology"><span>Multiscale models and stochastic simulation methods for computing rare but <span class="hlt">key</span> binding <span class="hlt">events</span> in cell biology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Guerrier, C.; Holcman, D., E-mail: david.holcman@ens.fr; Mathematical Institute, Oxford OX2 6GG, Newton Institute</p> <p></p> <p>The main difficulty in simulating diffusion processes at a molecular level in cell microdomains is due to the multiple scales involving nano- to micrometers. Few to many particles have to be simulated and simultaneously tracked while there are exploring a large portion of the space for binding small targets, such as buffers or active sites. Bridging the small and large spatial scales is achieved by rare <span class="hlt">events</span> representing Brownian particles finding small targets and characterized by long-time distribution. These rare <span class="hlt">events</span> are the bottleneck of numerical simulations. A naive stochastic simulation requires running many Brownian particles together, which is computationallymore » greedy and inefficient. Solving the associated partial differential equations is also difficult due to the time dependent boundary conditions, narrow passages and mixed boundary conditions at small windows. We present here two reduced modeling approaches for a fast computation of diffusing fluxes in microdomains. The first approach is based on a Markov mass-action law equations coupled to a Markov chain. The second is a Gillespie's method based on the narrow escape theory for coarse-graining the geometry of the domain into Poissonian rates. The main application concerns diffusion in cellular biology, where we compute as an example the distribution of arrival times of calcium ions to small hidden targets to trigger vesicular release.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS12A..07F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS12A..07F"><span>Imminent onset and abrupt increase in duration of low aragonite and calcite saturation state <span class="hlt">events</span> in the Southern Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Friedrich, T.; Hauri, C.; Timmermann, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Rapid progression of ocean acidification is a threat to <span class="hlt">key</span> organisms of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. While the severity of ocean acidification impacts is mainly determined by the duration, intensity, and spatial extent of low aragonite or calcite saturation state <span class="hlt">events</span>, little is known about the nature of these <span class="hlt">events</span>, their evolving attributes, and the timing of their onset. Using output of historical and RCP 8.5 simulations from ten Earth System Models from CMIP5, we found that aragonite undersaturation, which decreases the calcification rate of pteropods and causes dissolution of their aragonitic shell, will spread rapidly after 2035, covering 70 % of the Southern Ocean surface waters by 2095. Surface aragonite undersaturation <span class="hlt">events</span> will last for about 5 months in areas south of 60°S by 2055, and for more than 8 months by the end of the century. Overall, the duration of these <span class="hlt">events</span> increases from 1 month to more than 6 months within fewer than 20 years in >75 % of the affected area. This abrupt change in exposure duration to unfavorable conditions may be too fast for pteropods to adapt, as these chemical changes will <span class="hlt">occur</span> within just a few generations. As a result of two month-long calcite undersaturation <span class="hlt">events</span> projected for the end of this century, even organisms built of the more stable calcium carbonate mineral calcite will face prolonged chemical dissolution. The threat of ocean acidification to the Southern Ocean ecosystem may be more imminent than previously thought, and may spread quickly to the southern tips of New Zealand, South America, and South Africa, with potentially far-reaching consequences to fisheries, local economies, and livelihoods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.4064T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.4064T"><span>Location of intense electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave <span class="hlt">events</span> relative to the plasmapause: Van Allen Probes observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tetrick, S. S.; Engebretson, M. J.; Posch, J. L.; Olson, C. N.; Smith, C. W.; Denton, R. E.; Thaller, S. A.; Wygant, J. R.; Reeves, G. D.; MacDonald, E. A.; Fennell, J. F.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>We have studied the spatial location relative to the plasmapause (PP) of the most intense electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed on Van Allen Probes A and B during their first full precession in local time. Most of these waves <span class="hlt">occurred</span> over an L range of from -1 to +2 RE relative to the PP. Very few <span class="hlt">events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> only within 0.1 RE of the PP, and <span class="hlt">events</span> with a width in L of < 0.2 RE <span class="hlt">occurred</span> both inside and outside the PP. Wave occurrence was always associated with high densities of ring current ions; plasma density gradients or enhancements were associated with some <span class="hlt">events</span> but were not dominant factors in determining the sites of wave generation. Storm main and recovery phase <span class="hlt">events</span> in the dusk sector were often inside the PP, and dayside <span class="hlt">events</span> during quiet times and compressions of the magnetosphere were more evenly distributed both inside and outside the PP. Superposed epoch analyses of the dependence of wave onset on solar wind dynamic pressure (Psw), the SME (SuperMAG auroral electrojet) index, and the SYM-H index showed that substorm injections and solar wind compressions were temporally closely associated with EMIC wave onset but to an extent that varied with frequency band, magnetic local time, and storm phase, and location relative to the PP. The fact that increases in SME and Psw were less strongly correlated with <span class="hlt">events</span> at the PP than with other <span class="hlt">events</span> might suggest that the occurrence of those <span class="hlt">events</span> was affected by the density gradient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5139689','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5139689"><span>Spatial and temporal analysis of extreme sea level and storm surge <span class="hlt">events</span> around the coastline of the UK</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Haigh, Ivan D.; Wadey, Matthew P.; Wahl, Thomas; Ozsoy, Ozgun; Nicholls, Robert J.; Brown, Jennifer M.; Horsburgh, Kevin; Gouldby, Ben</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we analyse the spatial footprint and temporal clustering of extreme sea level and skew surge <span class="hlt">events</span> around the UK coast over the last 100 years (1915–2014). The vast majority of the extreme sea level <span class="hlt">events</span> are generated by moderate, rather than extreme skew surges, combined with spring astronomical high tides. We distinguish four broad categories of spatial footprints of <span class="hlt">events</span> and the distinct storm tracks that generated them. There have been rare <span class="hlt">events</span> when extreme levels have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> along two unconnected coastal regions during the same storm. The <span class="hlt">events</span> that <span class="hlt">occur</span> in closest succession (<4 days) typically impact different stretches of coastline. The spring/neap tidal cycle prevents successive extreme sea level <span class="hlt">events</span> from happening within 4–8 days. Finally, the 2013/14 season was highly unusual in the context of the last 100 years from an extreme sea level perspective. PMID:27922630</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000085962&hterms=Digestive&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DDigestive','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000085962&hterms=Digestive&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DDigestive"><span>Inflight Medical <span class="hlt">Events</span> in the Shuttle Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Baisden, Denise L.; Effenhauser, R. K.; Wear, Mary L.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Since the first launch of the Space Shuttle in 1981, the astronauts and their flight surgeons have dealt with a variety of inflight medical issues. A review will be provided of these issues as well as medications used in the treatment of these medical problems. Detailed medical debriefs are conducted by the flight ,surgeon with the individual crewmembers three days after landing. These debriefs were review for Shuttle flights from 1988 through 1999 to determine the frequency of inflight medical <span class="hlt">events</span>. Medical <span class="hlt">events</span> were grouped by ICD category and the frequency of medical <span class="hlt">events</span> within those categories were reviewed. The ICD category of Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions had the most medical <span class="hlt">events</span>. Facial fullness and headache were the most common complaints within this category. The ICD category of Respiratory System had the next most common medical <span class="hlt">events</span> with sinus congestion being the most common complaint. This was followed by Digestive System complaints and Nervous System/Sense Organ complaints. A variety of inflight medical <span class="hlt">events</span> have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> throughout the Shuttle program. Fortunately, the majority of these problems have been minor and have been well within the capability of the medical equipment flown and the skills of the Crew Medical Officers. Medical ,problems/procedures that are routine on the ground often present unique problems in the space flight environment. It is important that the flight surgeon understand the common medical problems encountered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011951','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890011951"><span>Late Eocene impact <span class="hlt">events</span> recorded in deep-sea sediments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Glass, B. P.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Raup and Sepkoski proposed that mass extinctions have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> every 26 Myr during the last 250 Myr. In order to explain this 26 Myr periodicity, it was proposed that the mass extinctions were caused by periodic increases in cometary impacts. One method to test this hypothesis is to determine if there were periodic increases in impact <span class="hlt">events</span> (based on crater ages) that correlate with mass extinctions. A way to test the hypothesis that mass extinctions were caused by periodic increases in impact cratering is to look for evidence of impact <span class="hlt">events</span> in deep-sea deposits. This method allows direct observation of the temporal relationship between impact <span class="hlt">events</span> and extinctions as recorded in the sedimentary record. There is evidence in the deep-sea record for two (possibly three) impact <span class="hlt">events</span> in the late Eocene. The younger <span class="hlt">event</span>, represented by the North American microtektite layer, is not associated with an Ir anomaly. The older <span class="hlt">event</span>, defined by the cpx spherule layer, is associated with an Ir anomaly. However, neither of the two impact <span class="hlt">events</span> recorded in late Eocene deposits appears to be associated with an unusual number of extinctions. Thus there is little evidence in the deep-sea record for an impact-related mass extinction in the late Eocene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341413','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341413"><span>Consequence Prioritization Process for Potential High Consequence <span class="hlt">Events</span> (HCE)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Freeman, Sarah G.</p> <p>2016-10-31</p> <p>This document describes the process for Consequence Prioritization, the first phase of the Consequence-Driven Cyber-Informed Engineering (CCE) framework. The primary goal of Consequence Prioritization is to identify potential disruptive <span class="hlt">events</span> that would significantly inhibit an organization’s ability to provide the critical services and functions deemed fundamental to their business mission. These disruptive <span class="hlt">events</span>, defined as High Consequence <span class="hlt">Events</span> (HCE), include both <span class="hlt">events</span> that have <span class="hlt">occurred</span> or could be realized through an attack of critical infrastructure owner assets. While other efforts have been initiated to identify and mitigate disruptive <span class="hlt">events</span> at the national security level, such as Presidential Policy Directive 41more » (PPD-41), this process is intended to be used by individual organizations to evaluate <span class="hlt">events</span> that fall below the threshold for a national security. Described another way, Consequence Prioritization considers threats greater than those addressable by standard cyber-hygiene and includes the consideration of <span class="hlt">events</span> that go beyond a traditional continuity of operations (COOP) perspective. Finally, Consequence Prioritization is most successful when organizations adopt a multi-disciplinary approach, engaging both cyber security and engineering expertise, as in-depth engineering perspectives are required to recognize and characterize and mitigate HCEs. Figure 1 provides a high-level overview of the prioritization process.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999PhLB..456....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999PhLB..456....1B"><span><span class="hlt">Event-by-event</span> fluctuations and inclusive distributions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bialas, A.; Koch, V.</p> <p>1999-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Event-by-event</span> observables are compared with conventional inclusive measurements. We find that moments of <span class="hlt">event-by-event</span> fluctuations are closely related to inclusive correlation functions. Implications for upcoming heavy ion experiments are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAnIII2...77Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAnIII2...77Y"><span><span class="hlt">Event</span> Detection Using Mobile Phone Mass GPS Data and Their Reliavility Verification by Dmsp/ols Night Light Image</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yuki, Akiyama; Satoshi, Ueyama; Ryosuke, Shibasaki; Adachi, Ryuichiro</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>In this study, we developed a method to detect sudden population concentration on a certain day and area, that is, an "<span class="hlt">Event</span>," all over Japan in 2012 using mass GPS data provided from mobile phone users. First, stay locations of all phone users were detected using existing methods. Second, areas and days where <span class="hlt">Events</span> <span class="hlt">occurred</span> were detected by aggregation of mass stay locations into 1-km-square grid polygons. Finally, the proposed method could detect <span class="hlt">Events</span> with an especially large number of visitors in the year by removing the influences of <span class="hlt">Events</span> that <span class="hlt">occurred</span> continuously throughout the year. In addition, we demonstrated reasonable reliability of the proposed <span class="hlt">Event</span> detection method by comparing the results of <span class="hlt">Event</span> detection with light intensities obtained from the night light images from the DMSP/OLS night light images. Our method can detect not only positive <span class="hlt">events</span> such as festivals but also negative <span class="hlt">events</span> such as natural disasters and road accidents. These results are expected to support policy development of urban planning, disaster prevention, and transportation management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4637451','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4637451"><span>An Overview of Biomolecular <span class="hlt">Event</span> Extraction from Scientific Documents</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vanegas, Jorge A.; Matos, Sérgio; González, Fabio; Oliveira, José L.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art approaches to automatic extraction of biomolecular <span class="hlt">events</span> from scientific texts. <span class="hlt">Events</span> involving biomolecules such as genes, transcription factors, or enzymes, for example, have a central role in biological processes and functions and provide valuable information for describing physiological and pathogenesis mechanisms. <span class="hlt">Event</span> extraction from biomedical literature has a broad range of applications, including support for information retrieval, knowledge summarization, and information extraction and discovery. However, automatic <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction is a challenging task due to the ambiguity and diversity of natural language and higher-level linguistic phenomena, such as speculations and negations, which <span class="hlt">occur</span> in biological texts and can lead to misunderstanding or incorrect interpretation. Many strategies have been proposed in the last decade, originating from different research areas such as natural language processing, machine learning, and statistics. This review summarizes the most representative approaches in biomolecular <span class="hlt">event</span> extraction and presents an analysis of the current state of the art and of commonly used methods, features, and tools. Finally, current research trends and future perspectives are also discussed. PMID:26587051</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29076241','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29076241"><span>Oncolytic reovirus therapy: Pilot study in dogs with spontaneously <span class="hlt">occurring</span> tumours.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hwang, C C; Igase, M; Sakurai, M; Haraguchi, T; Tani, K; Itamoto, K; Shimokawa, T; Nakaichi, M; Nemoto, Y; Noguchi, S; Coffey, M; Okuda, M; Mizuno, T</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel treatment involving replication-competent virus in the elimination of cancer. We have previously reported the oncolytic effects of reovirus in various canine cancer cell lines. This study aims to establish the safety profile of reovirus in dogs with spontaneously <span class="hlt">occurring</span> tumours and to determine a recommended dosing regimen. Nineteen dogs with various tumours, mostly of advanced stages, were treated with reovirus, ranging from 1.0 × 10 8 to 5.0 × 10 9 TCID 50 given as intratumour injection (IT) or intravenous infusion (IV) daily for up to 5 consecutive days in 1 or multiple treatment cycles. Adverse <span class="hlt">events</span> (AEs) were graded according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group- Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse <span class="hlt">Events</span> (VCOG-CTCAE) v1.1 guidelines. Viral shedding, neutralizing anti-reovirus antibody (NARA) production and immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of reovirus protein in the tumours were also assessed. AE was not observed in most dogs and <span class="hlt">events</span> were limited to Grade I or II fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and inflammation of the injected tumour. No infectious virus was shed and all dogs had elevated NARA levels post-treatment. Although IHC results were only available in 6 dogs, 4 were detected positive for reovirus protein. In conclusion, reovirus is well-tolerated and can be given safely to tumour-bearing dogs according to the dosing regimen used in this study without significant concerns of viral shedding. Reovirus is also potentially effective in various types of canine tumours. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4704806','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4704806"><span>An Efficient Pattern Mining Approach for <span class="hlt">Event</span> Detection in Multivariate Temporal Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Batal, Iyad; Cooper, Gregory; Fradkin, Dmitriy; Harrison, James; Moerchen, Fabian; Hauskrecht, Milos</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This work proposes a pattern mining approach to learn <span class="hlt">event</span> detection models from complex multivariate temporal data, such as electronic health records. We present Recent Temporal Pattern mining, a novel approach for efficiently finding predictive patterns for <span class="hlt">event</span> detection problems. This approach first converts the time series data into time-interval sequences of temporal abstractions. It then constructs more complex time-interval patterns backward in time using temporal operators. We also present the Minimal Predictive Recent Temporal Patterns framework for selecting a small set of predictive and non-spurious patterns. We apply our methods for predicting adverse medical <span class="hlt">events</span> in real-world clinical data. The results demonstrate the benefits of our methods in learning accurate <span class="hlt">event</span> detection models, which is a <span class="hlt">key</span> step for developing intelligent patient monitoring and decision support systems. PMID:26752800</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMNH33B3915S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMNH33B3915S"><span>Science-based risk assessments for rare <span class="hlt">events</span> in a changing climate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sobel, A. H.; Tippett, M. K.; Camargo, S. J.; Lee, C. Y.; Allen, J. T.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>History shows that substantial investments in protection against any specific type of natural disaster usually <span class="hlt">occur</span> only after (usually shortly after) that specific type of disaster has happened in a given place. This is true even when it was well known before the <span class="hlt">event</span> that there was a significant risk that it could <span class="hlt">occur</span>. Presumably what psychologists Kahneman and Tversky have called "availability bias" is responsible, at least in part, for these failures to act on known but out-of-sample risks. While understandable, this human tendency prepares us poorly for <span class="hlt">events</span> which are very rare (on the time scales of human lives) and even more poorly for a changing climate, as historical records become a poorer guide. A more forward-thinking and rational approach would require scientific risk assessments that can place meaningful probabilities on <span class="hlt">events</span> that are rare enough to be absent from the historical record, and that can account for the influences of both anthropogenic climate change and low-frequency natural climate variability. The set of tools available for doing such risk assessments is still quite limited, particularly for some of the most extreme <span class="hlt">events</span> such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes. We will briefly assess the state of the art for these <span class="hlt">events</span> in particular, and describe some of our ongoing research to develop new tools for quantitative risk assessment using hybrids of statistical methods and physical understanding of the hazards.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050210087','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050210087"><span>Single <span class="hlt">Event</span> Transients in Linear Integrated Circuits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Buchner, Stephen; McMorrow, Dale</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>On November 5, 2001, a processor reset <span class="hlt">occurred</span> on board the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), a NASA mission to measure the anisotropy of the microwave radiation left over from the Big Bang. The reset caused the spacecraft to enter a safehold mode from which it took several days to recover. Were that to happen regularly, the entire mission would be compromised, so it was important to find the cause of the reset and, if possible, to mitigate it. NASA assembled a team of engineers that included experts in radiation effects to tackle the problem. The first clue was the observation that the processor reset <span class="hlt">occurred</span> during a solar <span class="hlt">event</span> characterized by large increases in the proton and heavy ion fluxes emitted by the sun. To the radiation effects engineers on the team, this strongly suggested that particle radiation might be the culprit, particularly when it was discovered that the reset circuit contained three voltage comparators (LM139). Previous testing revealed that large voltage transients, or glitches appeared at the output of the LM139 when it was exposed to a beam of heavy ions [NI96]. The function of the reset circuit was to monitor the supply voltage and to issue a reset command to the processor should the voltage fall below a reference of 2.5 V [PO02]. Eventually, the team of engineers concluded that ionizing particle radiation from the solar <span class="hlt">event</span> produced a negative voltage transient on the output of one of the LM139s sufficiently large to reset the processor on MAP. Fortunately, as of the end of 2004, only two such resets have <span class="hlt">occurred</span>. The reset on MAP was not the first malfunction on a spacecraft attributed to a transient. That <span class="hlt">occurred</span> shortly after the launch of NASA s TOPEX/Poseidon satellite in 1992. It was suspected, and later confirmed, that an anomaly in the Earth Sensor was caused by a transient in an operational amplifier (OP-15) [KO93]. Over the next few years, problems on TDRS, CASSINI, [PR02] SOHO [HA99,HA01] and TERRA were also attributed</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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