Sample records for l1210 mouse leukaemia

  1. Carnitine prevents the early mitochondrial damage induced by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in L1210 leukaemia cells.

    PubMed

    Nikula, P; Ruohola, H; Alhonen-Hongisto, L; Jänne, J

    1985-06-01

    We previously found that the anti-cancer drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (mitoguazone) depresses carnitine-dependent oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in cultured mouse leukaemia cells [Nikula, Alhonen-Hongisto, Seppänen & Jänne (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 9-14]. We have now investigated whether carnitine also influences the development of the well-known mitochondrial damage produced by the drug in L1210 leukaemia cells. Palmitate oxidation was distinctly inhibited in tumour cells exposed to 5 microM-methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) for only 7 h. Electron-microscopic examination of the drug-exposed cells revealed that more than half of the mitochondria were severely damaged. Similar exposure of the leukaemia cells to the drug in the presence of carnitine not only abolished the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation but almost completely prevented the drug-induced mitochondrial damage. The protection provided by carnitine appeared to depend on the intracellular concentration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), since the mitochondria-sparing effect disappeared at higher drug concentrations.

  2. Carnitine prevents the early mitochondrial damage induced by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in L1210 leukaemia cells.

    PubMed Central

    Nikula, P; Ruohola, H; Alhonen-Hongisto, L; Jänne, J

    1985-01-01

    We previously found that the anti-cancer drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (mitoguazone) depresses carnitine-dependent oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in cultured mouse leukaemia cells [Nikula, Alhonen-Hongisto, Seppänen & Jänne (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 9-14]. We have now investigated whether carnitine also influences the development of the well-known mitochondrial damage produced by the drug in L1210 leukaemia cells. Palmitate oxidation was distinctly inhibited in tumour cells exposed to 5 microM-methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) for only 7 h. Electron-microscopic examination of the drug-exposed cells revealed that more than half of the mitochondria were severely damaged. Similar exposure of the leukaemia cells to the drug in the presence of carnitine not only abolished the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation but almost completely prevented the drug-induced mitochondrial damage. The protection provided by carnitine appeared to depend on the intracellular concentration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), since the mitochondria-sparing effect disappeared at higher drug concentrations. Images Fig. 1. PMID:3837667

  3. Successful immunotherapy with micrococcus, BCG or related polysaccharides on L1210 leukaemia after BCNU chemotherapy.

    PubMed Central

    Verloes, R.; Atassi, G.; Dumont, P.; Kanarek, L.

    1981-01-01

    The experiments aimed at evaluating the optimal parameters in the chemo-immunotherapeutic treatment of the L1210 lymphoid leukaemia grafted to [female BALB/c (H2d) X male DBA/2 (H2d)]F1 hybrid mice, hereafter referred to as CDF1 mice. In vitro irradiation of leukaemic ascites cells by X- or gamma-rays and subsequent inoculation in mice showed that optimum immunogenicity is radiation dose-dependent. Grafting mice with 10(7) leukaemic ascites cells irradiated at optimum dose (80 GyX- or gamma-rays) delays mortality of the animals when challenged later with untreated L1210 cells, but is unable to cure mice. By contrast, specific immunoprophylaxis induced by Micrococcus, complement-triggering polysaccharides or BCG and irradiated leukaemic cells was able to protect mice against grafts of 10(4) L1210 cells. The i.p. route was notably superior to the i.v. route. When mice bearing advanced L1210 tumour were treated by chemotherapy (12 mg/kg of BCNU) on Day 6.5 after grafting 10(4) L1210 cells and subsequently treated by immunotherapy, a very high percentage (up to 90%) of mice with 10(8) leukaemic cells could be cured by repeated 1mg injections of bacterium or polysaccharide, and challenge with irradiated leukaemic cells was unnecessary. Because of the high cure rate obtained, the very regular response pattern and the non-pathogenicity, the bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus would seem a promising new candidate for chemo-immunotherapeutic antitumour strategies. PMID:7470382

  4. Assessment in vitro of the genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and antioxidant of Ceratonia siliqua L. extracts in murine leukaemia cells L1210 by comet assay.

    PubMed

    Sassi, Aïcha; Bouhlel, Ines; Mustapha, Nadia; Mokdad-Bzeouich, Imen; Chaabane, Fadwa; Ghedira, Kamel; Chekir-Ghedira, Leila

    2016-06-01

    Genotoxicity of Ceratonia siliqua extracts, was investigated by assessing their capacity to induce nucleus DNA degradation of murine leukaemia cells L1210, using the "Comet assay". The ability of total oligomer flavonoids (TOF) and aqueous extracts to protect cell DNA against oxidative stress induced by H2O2, was performed by pre- co or post-treatment of cells with the before mentioned extracts for different periods preceding exposure to H2O2 stress. No significant genotoxic effect was detected at different exposure times, except at the lowest concentration of TOF extract (16.25 μg/ml). It appears that extracts decreased DNA damage, induced by H2O2. Both of TOF and aqueous extracts exhibited cellular antioxidant capacity, with EC50 values of respectively <16.25 and < 35 μg/ml, as well as, a protective capacity against lipidperoxidation inducing using L1210 cells line as a cellular model. MDA inhibition percentages reached 88.43% and 90.52% with respectively 35.5 μg/ml of TOF extract and 70 μg/ml of aqueous extract. Antioxidant properties of carob leaf extracts revealed by our study make a good antioxidant protection and thus a good candidate as food addition component. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Synergistic antineoplastic and cytogenetic effects by the combined action of two homo-aza-steroidal esters of nitrogen mustards on P388 and L1210 leukaemias in vivo and in vitro.

    PubMed

    Nikolaropoulos, S; Tsavdaridis, D; Arsenou, E; Papageorgiou, A; Karaberis, E; Mourelatos, D

    2000-01-01

    In order to increase the damaging effects on specific DNA sequences and decrease the subsequent toxicity, the use of homo-aza-steroidal esters of nitrogen mustards is already known. Two specific homo-aza-steroidal esters were mixed at different proportions and the resultant final mixtures were tested in vivo and in vitro. The effects of these on P388 and L1210 leukaemias, on SCE rates and on human lymphocyte proliferation kinetics were studied. The results demonstrate that the combined substances enhanced SCE induction (p < 0.05) and antitumour activity (p < 0.02) in a synergistic manner. A correlation was observed (p < 0.001) between the magnitude of the SCE response and the depression of the cell proliferation index.

  6. Pharmacological effect of aminoferrocene in mice with L1210 leukemia.

    PubMed

    Chekhun, V F; Mokhir, A; Daum, S; Todor, I N; Lukianova, N Yu; Shvets, Yu V; Burlaka, A P

    2015-06-01

    To study the cytostatic and some biological effects of aminoferrocene using mice with L1210 lymphoid leukemia. Experiments were performed on BDF1 male mice (DBA/2, female × C57Bl/6, male) with transplantable L1210 lymphoid leukemia. Determination of antitumor activity of Benzyl-Fc Boron (Bn), it was injected intraperitoneally 6 times daily, starting on day 2 after L1210 leukemia cell transplantation. Doses of Bn such as 26; 260 and 2600 μg/kg were used. The determination of intracellular content of cardiolipin, thiols, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also analysis of Annexin V positivity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (JC-1 staining) were performed with use of flow cytometry. The levels of "free iron" complexes, transferrin active forms and the rate of NO generation were measured by EPR-specroscopy. Six daily injections of Bn at a dose of 26 μg/kg resulted in an increased survival of mice with L1210 leukemia by 28% (p < 0.05). Bn led to an increase of apoptotic cells number and ROS amount in leukemia cells. Besides, Bn caused a decrease of cardiolipin and nonprotein thiol compounds content. The membrane electrochemical potential of cell mitochondria was decreased also after Bn administration. Studies using EPR-spectroscopy revealed a significant increase in a level of "free iron", content of transferrin active species and generation rate of NO by inducible NO-synthase in L1210 cells after aminoferrocene administration. Our data indicate that Benzyl-Fc Boron can be promising candidate for realizing a new strategy of anticancer therapy with the use of ROS-inducing agents.

  7. Permeabilization of the plasma membrane of L1210 mouse leukemia cells using lithotripter shock waves.

    PubMed

    Gambihler, S; Delius, M; Ellwart, J W

    1994-09-01

    Permeabilization of L1210 cells by lithotripter shock waves in vitro was monitored by evaluating the accumulation of fluorescein-labeled dextrans with a relative molecular mass ranging from 3,900-2,000,000. Incubation with labeled dextran alone caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in cellular fluorescence as determined by flow cytometry, with a vesicular distribution pattern in the cells consistent with endocytotic uptake. Shock wave exposure prior to incubation with labeled dextran revealed similar fluorescence intensities compared to incubation with labeled dextran alone. When cells were exposed to shock waves in the presence of labeled dextran, mean cellular fluorescence was further increased, indicating additional internalization of the probe. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed intracellular fluorescence of labeled dextran with a diffuse distribution pattern. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting with subsequent determination of proliferation revealed that permeabilized cells were viable and able to proliferate. Permeabilization of the membrane of L1210 cells by shock waves in vitro allowed loading of dextrans with a relative molecular mass up to 2,000,000. Permeabilization of tumor cells by shock waves provides a useful tool for introducing molecules into cells which might be of interest for drug targeting in tumor therapy in vivo.

  8. Comparative Study of 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolism in Human Leukemic Leukocytes and L1210 Cells

    PubMed Central

    Higuchi, Tomihiko; Nakamura, Toru; Uchino, Haruto; Wakisaka, Gyoichi

    1977-01-01

    Leukocytes from patients with leukemia and L1210 cells from mice were examined for the rate of formation and cellular concentration of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, the rate of thioinosinic acid formation, and a number of selected enzymes involved in purine nucleotide synthesis. The amount of thioinosinic acid formed in L1210 cells was much higher than that in human leukemic leukocytes. In cell extracts, the synthesis of thioinosinic acid was similar in both cell types, and the amount of purine phosphoribosyltransferase was not rate limiting in either case. Much higher concentrations and rates of formation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate were found in L1210 cells than in human leukemic leukocytes. The difference in response to 6-mercaptopurine between L1210 cells and human leukemic leukocytes might be attributed to their difference in supply of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-amidotransferase was found to be high in L1210 cells, but was not detected in human leukemic leukocytes. PMID:921247

  9. MPLW515L mutation in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Hussein, K; Bock, O; Theophile, K; Schulz-Bischof, K; Porwit, A; Schlue, J; Jonigk, D; Kreipe, H

    2009-05-01

    The thrombopoietin receptor gene (MPL) is expressed in megakaryocytes and exhibits the gain of function point mutation W515K/L in approximately 5% of patients with primary myelofibrosis/idiopathic myelofibrosis (PMF) representing one subtype of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (myeloproliferative neoplasm). A series of primary and secondary acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) with megakaryoblastic phenotype and myelofibrosis unrelated to PMF (n=12) was analysed for the MPL(W515K/L) mutation by pyrosequencing. In three cases (25%), MPL(W515L) was found and in two of these a combination with trisomy 21 or the Philadelphia chromosome occurred. None of the secondary AML cases evolving from pre-existing PMF showed MPL(W515K/L) (n=4). We conclude that MPL(W515L) occurs in a considerable proportion of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemias with myelofibrosis unrelated to PMF.

  10. Influence of radiation quality on mouse chromosome 2 deletions in radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Brown, Natalie; Finnon, Rosemary; Manning, Grainne; Bouffler, Simon; Badie, Christophe

    2015-11-01

    Leukaemia is the prevailing neoplastic disorder of the hematopoietic system. Epidemiological analyses of the survivors of the Japanese atomic bombings show that exposure to ionising radiation (IR) can cause leukaemia. Although a clear association between radiation exposure and leukaemia development is acknowledged, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. A hemizygous deletion on mouse chromosome 2 (del2) is a common feature in several mouse strains susceptible to radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (rAML). The deletion is an early event detectable 24h after exposure in bone marrow cells. Ultimately, 15-25% of exposed animals develop AML with 80-90% of cases carrying del2. Molecular mapping of leukaemic cell genomes identified a minimal deleted region (MDR) on chromosome 2 (chr2) in which a tumour suppressor gene, Sfpi1 is located, encoding the transcription factor PU.1, essential in haematopoiesis. The remaining copy of Sfpi1 has a point mutation in the coding sequence for the DNA-binding domain of the protein in 70% of rAML, which alters a single CpG sequence in the codon for arginine residue R235. In order to identify chr2 deletions and Sfpi.1/PU.1 loss, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on a unique panel of 79rAMLs. Using a custom made CGH array specifically designed for mouse chr2, we analysed at unprecedentedly high resolution (1.4M array- 148bp resolution) the size of the MDR in low LET and high-LET induced rAMLs (32 X-ray- and 47 neutron-induced). Sequencing of Sfpi1/PU.1DNA binding domain identified the presence of R235 point mutations, showing no influence of radiation quality on R235 type or frequency. We identified for the first time rAML cases with complex del2 in a subset of neutron-induced AMLs. This study allowed us to re-define the MDR to a much smaller 5.5Mb region (still including Sfpi1/PU.1), identical regardless of radiation quality. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights

  11. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to the quinazoline thymidylate synthase inhibitor ZD1694 (Tomudex) in one mouse and three human cell lines.

    PubMed Central

    Jackman, A. L.; Kelland, L. R.; Kimbell, R.; Brown, M.; Gibson, W.; Aherne, G. W.; Hardcastle, A.; Boyle, F. T.

    1995-01-01

    Four cell lines, the mouse L1210 leukaemia, the human W1L2 lymphoblastoid and two human ovarian (CH1 and 41M) cell lines, were made resistant to ZD1694 (Tomudex) by continual exposure to incremental doses of the drug. A 500-fold increase in thymidylate synthase (TS) activity is the primary mechanism of resistance to ZD1694 in the W1L2:RD1694 cell line, which is consequently highly cross-resistant to other folate-based TS inhibitors, including BW1843U89, LY231514 and AG337, but sensitive to antifolates with other enzyme targets. The CH1:RD1694 cell line is 14-fold resistant to ZD1694, largely accounted for by the 4.2-fold increase in TS activity. Cross-resistance was observed to other TS inhibitors, including 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd). 41M:RD1694 cells, when exposed to 0.1 microM [3H]ZD1694, accumulated approximately 20-fold less 3H-labelled material over 24 h than the parental line. Data are consistent with this being the result of impaired transport of the drug via the reduced folate/methotrexate carrier. Resistance was therefore observed to methotrexate but not to CB3717, a compound known to use this transport mechanism poorly. The mouse L1210:RD1694 cell line does not accumulate ZD1694 or Methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase substrate activity (using ZD1694 as the substrate) was decreased to approximately 13% of that observed in the parental line. Cross-resistance was found to those compounds known to be active through polyglutamation. PMID:7537518

  12. Association of a murine leukaemia stem cell gene signature based on nucleostemin promoter activity with prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia in patients.

    PubMed

    Ali, Mohamed A E; Naka, Kazuhito; Yoshida, Akiyo; Fuse, Kyoko; Kasada, Atsuo; Hoshii, Takayuki; Tadokoro, Yuko; Ueno, Masaya; Ohta, Kumiko; Kobayashi, Masahiko; Takahashi, Chiaki; Hirao, Atsushi

    2014-07-18

    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous neoplastic disorder in which a subset of cells function as leukaemia-initiating cells (LICs). In this study, we prospectively evaluated the leukaemia-initiating capacity of AML cells fractionated according to the expression of a nucleolar GTP binding protein, nucleostemin (NS). To monitor NS expression in living AML cells, we generated a mouse AML model in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed under the control of a region of the NS promoter (NS-GFP). In AML cells, NS-GFP levels were correlated with endogenous NS mRNA. AML cells with the highest expression of NS-GFP were very immature blast-like cells, efficiently formed leukaemia colonies in vitro, and exhibited the highest leukaemia-initiating capacity in vivo. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed that cell cycle regulators and nucleotide metabolism-related genes were highly enriched in a gene set associated with leukaemia-initiating capacity that we termed the 'leukaemia stem cell gene signature'. This gene signature stratified human AML patients into distinct clusters that reflected prognosis, demonstrating that the mouse leukaemia stem cell gene signature is significantly associated with the malignant properties of human AML. Further analyses of gene regulation in leukaemia stem cells could provide novel insights into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AML. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) as an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis in L1210 leukemia cells.

    PubMed

    Seppänen, P; Ruohola, H; Jänne, J

    1984-04-16

    Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), a close derivative of the known anti-cancer drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), is also a powerful inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), the enzyme needed for the synthesis of spermidine and spermine. There were, however, marked differences between the ethyl and methyl derivatives of glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) when tested in cultured L1210 cells. The cellular accumulation of ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) represented only a fraction (20-25%) of that of the methyl derivative. Moreover, polyamine depletion, which is known to strikingly stimulate the uptake of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), decreased, if anything, the uptake of ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by L1210 cells. The compound produced spermidine and spermine depletion fully comparable to that achieved with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) at micromolar concentrations. Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was growth-inhibitory to L1210 cells and produced an additive antiproliferative action when used together with 2-difluoromethylornithine. Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was distinctly less effective than methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in releasing bound polyamines from isolated cell organelles in vitro. Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was also devoid of the early and profound mitochondrial toxicity typical to methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). These findings may indicate that this compound is a more specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis with less intracellular polyamine 'receptor-site' activity than methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone).

  14. Lunasin, with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif, causes apoptosis to L1210 leukemia cells by activation of caspase-3.

    PubMed

    de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez; Wang, Wenyi; Dia, Vermont P

    2010-03-01

    Lunasin is a novel chemopreventive peptide featuring a cell adhesion motif composed of arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) which has been associated to cytotoxicity to established cell lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of lunasin on the viability of L1210 leukemia cells and to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Pure lunasin and lunasin enriched soy flour (LES) caused cytotoxicity to L1210 leukemia cells with IC(50) of 14 and 16 microM (lunasin equivalent), respectively. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that 25% of the original amount of lunasin survived 3 h of pepsin digestion and 3% of lunasin remained after sequential pepsin-pancreatin digestion for a total of 6 h. Cell cycle analysis showed that lunasin caused a dose-dependent G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of L1210 leukemia cells with 1 mg/mL of LES for 18 h led to an increase in the amount of apoptotic cells from 2 to 40%. Compared to untreated cells, treatment with 1 mg/mL LES showed a 6-fold increase on the expressions of caspases-8 and -9, and and a 12-fold increase on the expression of caspase-3. These results showed for the first time that lunasin, a naturally occurring peptide containing an RGD motif, caused apoptosis to L1210 leukemia cells through caspase-3 activation.

  15. ZEB2 drives immature T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia development via enhanced tumour-initiating potential and IL-7 receptor signalling

    PubMed Central

    Goossens, Steven; Radaelli, Enrico; Blanchet, Odile; Durinck, Kaat; Van der Meulen, Joni; Peirs, Sofie; Taghon, Tom; Tremblay, Cedric S.; Costa, Magdaline; Ghahremani, Morvarid Farhang; De Medts, Jelle; Bartunkova, Sonia; Haigh, Katharina; Schwab, Claire; Farla, Natalie; Pieters, Tim; Matthijssens, Filip; Van Roy, Nadine; Best, J. Adam; Deswarte, Kim; Bogaert, Pieter; Carmichael, Catherine; Rickard, Adam; Suryani, Santi; Bracken, Lauryn S.; Alserihi, Raed; Canté-Barrett, Kirsten; Haenebalcke, Lieven; Clappier, Emmanuelle; Rondou, Pieter; Slowicka, Karolina; Huylebroeck, Danny; Goldrath, Ananda W.; Janzen, Viktor; McCormack, Matthew P.; Lock, Richard B.; Curtis, David J.; Harrison, Christine; Berx, Geert; Speleman, Frank; Meijerink, Jules P. P.; Soulier, Jean; Van Vlierberghe, Pieter; Haigh, Jody J.

    2015-01-01

    Early T-cell precursor leukaemia (ETP-ALL) is a high-risk subtype of human leukaemia that is poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we report translocations targeting the zinc finger E-box-binding transcription factor ZEB2 as a recurrent genetic lesion in immature/ETP-ALL. Using a conditional gain-of-function mouse model, we demonstrate that sustained Zeb2 expression initiates T-cell leukaemia. Moreover, Zeb2-driven mouse leukaemia exhibit some features of the human immature/ETP-ALL gene expression signature, as well as an enhanced leukaemia-initiation potential and activated Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signalling through transcriptional activation of IL7R. This study reveals ZEB2 as an oncogene in the biology of immature/ETP-ALL and paves the way towards pre-clinical studies of novel compounds for the treatment of this aggressive subtype of human T-ALL using our Zeb2-driven mouse model. PMID:25565005

  16. Diethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), a potent inhibitor of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Effects on cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism in L1210 leukemia cells.

    PubMed

    Svensson, F; Kockum, I; Persson, L

    1993-07-21

    The polyamines are cell constituents essential for growth and differentiation. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes a key step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) is an anti-leukemic agent with a strong inhibitory effect against AdoMetDC. However, the lack of specificity limits the usefulness of MGBG. In the present report we have used an analog of MGBG, diethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (DEGBG), with a much greater specificity and potency against AdoMetDC, to investigate the effects of AdoMetDC inhibition on cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism in mouse L1210 leukemia cells. DEGBG was shown to effectively inhibit AdoMetDC activity in exponentially growing L1210 cells. The inhibition of AdoMetDC was reflected in a marked decrease in the cellular concentrations of spermidine and spermine. The concentration of putrescine, on the other hand, was greatly increased. Treatment with DEGBG resulted in a compensatory increase in the synthesis of AdoMetDC demonstrating an efficient feedback control. Cells seeded in the presence of DEGBG ceased to grow after a lag period of 1-2 days, indicating that the cells contained an excess of polyamines which were sufficient for one or two cell cycles in the absence of polyamine synthesis. The present results indicate that analogs of MGBG, having a greater specificity against AdoMetDC, might be valuable for studies concerning polyamines and cell proliferation.

  17. Quercus Suber L. Cork Extracts Induce Apoptosis in Human Myeloid Leukaemia HL-60 Cells.

    PubMed

    Bejarano, Ignacio; Godoy-Cancho, Belén; Franco, Lourdes; Martínez-Cañas, Manuel A; Tormo, María A

    2015-08-01

    Quercus suber L. cork contains a diversity of phenolic compounds, mostly low molecular weight phenols. A rising number of reports support with convergent findings that polyphenols evoke pro-apoptotic events in cancerous cells. However, the literature related to the anti-cancer bioactivity of Q. suber L. cork extractives (QSE) is still limited. Herein, we aim to describe the antitumor potential displayed by cork extractives obtained by different extraction methods in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. In order to quantify the effects of QSE on cancer cells viability, phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle were evaluated. The results indicated that the QSE present a time-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. Such a noxious effect leads these leukaemia cells to their death through apoptotic processes by altering the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, activating caspase-3 and externalizing phosphatidylserine. However, cells cycle progression was not affected by the treatments. This study contributes to open a new way to use this natural resource by exploiting its anti-cancer properties. Moreover, it opens new possibilities of application of cork by-products, being more efficient in the sector of cork-based agriculture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. Triorganotin Derivatives Induce Cell Death Effects on L1210 Leukemia Cells at Submicromolar Concentrations Independently of P-glycoprotein Expression.

    PubMed

    Bohacova, Viera; Seres, Mario; Pavlikova, Lucia; Kontar, Szilvia; Cagala, Martin; Bobal, Pavel; Otevrel, Jan; Brtko, Julius; Sulova, Zdena; Breier, Albert

    2018-05-01

    The acceleration of drug efflux activity realized by plasma membrane transporters in neoplastic cells, particularly by P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1 member of the ABC transporter family), represents a frequently observed molecular cause of multidrug resistance (MDR). This multiple resistance represents a real obstacle in the effective chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Therefore, identifying cytotoxic substances that are also effective in P-gp overexpressing cells may be useful for the rational design of substances for the treatment of malignancies with developed MDR. Here, we showed that triorganotin derivatives—tributyltin-chloride (TBT-Cl), tributyltin-bromide (TBT-Br), tributyltin-iodide (TBT-I) and tributyltin-isothiocyanate (TBT-NCS) or triphenyltin-chloride (TPT-Cl) and triphenyltin-isothiocyanate (TPT-NCS)—could induce the death of L1210 mice leukemia cells at a submicromolar concentration independently of P-gp overexpression. The median lethal concentration obtained for triorganotin derivatives did not exceed 0.5 µM in the induction of cell death of either P-gp negative or P-gp positive L1210 cells. Apoptosis related to regulatory pathway of Bcl-2 family proteins seems to be the predominant mode of cell death in either P-gp negative or P-gp positive L1210 cells. TBT-Cl and TBT-Br were more efficient with L1210 cells overexpressing P-gp than with their counterpart P-gp negative cells. In contrast, TBT-I and TPT-NCS induced a more pronounced cell death effect on P-gp negative cells than on P-gp positive cells. Triorganotin derivatives did not affect P-gp efflux in native cells measured by calcein retention within the cells. Taken together, we assumed that triorganotin derivatives represent substances suitable for suppressing the viability of P-gp positive malignant cells.

  19. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in L-1210 murine lymphoblastic leukaemia cells by (2E)-3-(2-naphthyl)-1-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one.

    PubMed

    Pedrini, Fernanda Spezia; Chiaradia, Louise Domeneghini; Licínio, Marley Aparecida; de Moraes, Ana Carolina Rabello; Curta, Juliana Costa; Costa, Aline; Mascarello, Alessandra; Creczinsky-Pasa, Tânia Beatriz; Nunes, Ricardo José; Yunes, Rosendo Augusto; Santos-Silva, Maria Cláudia

    2010-09-01

    New compounds with biological targets and less cytotoxicity to normal cells are necessary for cancer therapy. In this work ten synthetic chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect in murine acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells L-1210. A series of ten chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde and corresponding acetophenones were prepared by aldolic condensation, using methanol as solvent under basic conditions, at room temperature for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT colorimeter method. The cell cycle phase analysis was carried out by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. The apoptosis induction was assessed by exposure to phosphatidylserine (ANNEXIN V-FITC). Cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein. The caspase-3 expression was studied by immunoblotting analysis. A preliminary screening of a series of ten chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde showed that chalcone 8, (2E)-3-(2-naphtyl)-1-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one, had the highest cytotoxic effect (IC50 of 54 microM), but not in normal human lymphocytes. To better understand the cytotoxic mechanism of chalcone 8, its effect on cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed. Our results showed that chalcone 8 caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and a significant increase in the proportion of cells in the subG0/G1 phase. Our results also demonstrated that chalcone 8 promoted a modification in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and increased p53 expression and caspase-3 activation. The studied chalcone 8 has cytotoxic effect against L-1210 lymphoblastic leukaemic cells, and this effect is associated with increase of p-53 and Bax expression.

  20. Characterization of the methotrexate transport pathway in murine L1210 leukemia cells: Involvement of a membrane receptor and a cytosolic protein

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Price, E.M.; Ratnam, M.; Rodeman, K.M.

    1988-10-04

    A radioiodinated photoaffinity analogue of methotrexate, N{sup {alpha}}-(4-amino-4-deoxy-10-methyl-pteroyl)-N{sup {epsilon}}-(4-azidosalicylyl)-L-lysine (APA-ASA-Lys), was recently used to identify the plasma membrane derived binding protein involved in the transport of this folate antagonist into murine L1210 cells. The labeled protein has an apparent molecular weight of 46K-48K when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no such labeling occurs in a methotrexate transport-defective cell line (L1210/R81). Labeling of the total cytosolic protein from disrupted cells, followed by electrophoresis and autoradiography, showed, among other proteins, a 21K band, corresponding to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in both the parent and R81 cells and a 38K bandmore » only in the parent cells. However, when whole cells were UV irradiated at various times at 37{degree}C following addition of radiolabeled APA-ASA-Lys, the 38K protein and DHFR were the only cytosolic proteins labeled in the parent cells, while the intact R81 cells showed no labeled cytosolic protein, since the photoprobe is not transported. Further, when the parent cells were treated with a pulse of radiolabeled photoprobe, followed by UV irradiation at different times at 37{degree}C, the probe appeared sequentially on the 48K membrane protein and both the 38K cytosolic protein and dihydrofolate reductase. A 48K protein could be detected in both parent L1210 cells and the R81 cells on Western blots using antisera to a membrane folate binding protein from human placenta. These results suggest a vectorial transport of APA-ASA-Lys or methotrexate and reduced folate coenzymes into murine L1210 cells mediated by a 48K integral membrane protein and a 38K cytosolic or peripheral membrane protein. The 38K protein may help in the trafficking of reduced folate coenzymes, shuttling them to various cytosolic targets.« less

  1. Gene expression analysis of murine cells producing amphotropic mouse leukaemia virus at a cultivation temperature of 32 and 37 degrees C.

    PubMed

    Beer, Christiane; Buhr, Petra; Hahn, Heidi; Laubner, Daniela; Wirth, Manfred

    2003-07-01

    Cultivation of retrovirus packaging cells at 32 degrees C represents a common procedure to achieve high titres in mouse retrovirus production. Gene expression profiling of mouse NIH 3T3 cells producing amphotropic mouse leukaemia virus 4070A revealed that 10 % of the 1176 cellular genes investigated were regulated by temperature shift (37/32 degrees C), while 5 % were affected by retrovirus infection. Strikingly, retrovirus production at 32 degrees C activated the cholesterol biosynthesis/transport pathway and caused an increase in plasma membrane cholesterol levels. Furthermore, these conditions resulted in transcriptional activation of smoothened (smo), patched (ptc) and gli-1; Smo, Ptc and Gli-1, as well as cholesterol, are components of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, which directs pattern formation, diversification and tumourigenesis in mammalian cells. These findings suggest a link between cultivation at 32 degrees C, production of MLV-A and the Shh signalling pathway.

  2. 7 CFR 1210.327 - Powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Powers. 1210.327 Section 1210.327 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.327 Powers. The Board shall have the following powers subject to § 1210.363: (a) To administer the provisions of this...

  3. 21 CFR 1210.18 - Scoring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scoring. 1210.18 Section 1210.18 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.18 Scoring. Scoring of sanitary conditions required by §§ 1210...

  4. 21 CFR 1210.18 - Scoring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scoring. 1210.18 Section 1210.18 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.18 Scoring. Scoring of sanitary conditions required by §§ 1210...

  5. 16 CFR 1210.15 - Specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Specifications. 1210.15 Section 1210.15 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.15 Specifications. (a) Requirement...

  6. 7 CFR 1210.324 - Vacancies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Vacancies. 1210.324 Section 1210.324 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.324 Vacancies...

  7. 7 CFR 1210.343 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1210.343 Section 1210.343 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Expenses and Assessments § 1210.343 [Reserved] ...

  8. 7 CFR 1210.323 - Acceptance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acceptance. 1210.323 Section 1210.323 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.323 Acceptance...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.305 - Watermelon.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Watermelon. 1210.305 Section 1210.305 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.305 Watermelon. Watermelon means all...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.327 - Powers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.327 Powers. The... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Powers. 1210.327 Section 1210.327 Agriculture...

  11. 7 CFR 1210.312 - Promotion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Promotion. 1210.312 Section 1210.312 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.312 Promotion. Promotion means any...

  12. Leukaemia at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi.

    PubMed

    Mukiibi, J M; Nyirenda, C M; Adewuyi, J O; Mzula, E L; Magombo, E D; Mbvundula, E M

    2001-07-01

    To determine the patterns of leukaemias seen in Malawians at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) and to compare the findings with those from elsewhere. An overview of the problems encountered in the management of leukaemia in developing countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa are highlighted. Retrospective descriptive analysis of consecutive leukaemia cases seen from January 1994 through December 1998. Of the 95 leukaemia patients diagnosed during the study period, childhood (0-15 years) leukaemia occurred in 27 (28.4%) patients while adulthood (above 15 years) leukaemia accounted for 68 (71.6%) patients. The main leukaemia types were: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) 14 (14.7%), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) 25 (26.3%), chronic myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia (CML) 32 (33.7%), chronic lymphocytic (lymphatic) leukaemia (CLL) 22 (23.2%) and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) two (2.1%) patients. Most of the acute leukaemia (AL) cases occurred in the six to 15 year age bracket with a male preponderance. In ALL, lymphadenopathy was the commonest presenting feature followed by pallor (92.9%) while in the AML group, pallor occurred in 80% of cases. Abdominal swelling (87.5%) due to splenomegaly (81.3%) were the main clinical features in the CML group whereas lymphadenopathy (63.6%) followed by splenomegaly (59.1%) were the dominant presenting features in CLL. Haematologically, although leucocytosis characterised both acute and chronic leukaemias, most cases of acute leukaemia presented with more severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl) and marked thrombocytopenia (Platelet count < 50 x 10(9)/l) than the chronic leukaemias. The study shows that leukaemias are not rare in Malawi and cases which were diagnosed in this series probably only represent the tip of the iceberg. While there is need to increase diagnostic awareness among clinicians and laboratory staff, the severe chronic shortage of cytotoxic drugs and lack of supportive care facilities commonly encountered in

  13. Hyperleukocytosis and leukocytapheresis in acute leukaemias: experience from a single centre and review of the literature of leukocytapheresis in acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Bruserud, Ø; Liseth, K; Stamnesfet, S; Cacic, D L; Melve, G; Kristoffersen, E; Hervig, T; Reikvam, H

    2013-12-01

    Hyperleukocytosis is usually defined as leukocyte count >100 × 10(9)  L(-1) and can be seen in newly diagnosed leukaemias. Hyperleukocytic leukaemia is associated with a risk of organ failure and early death secondary to leukostasis. Mechanical removal of leukocytes by the apheresis technique, leukocytapheresis, is a therapeutic option in these patients. During a 16-year period, 16 patients were treated with leukocytapheresis (35 apheresis procedures) for hyperleukocytosis/leukostasis. We present our experience, and in addition we review previous studies of hyperleukocytosis/leukocytapheresis in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We used a highly standardised approach for leukocytapheresis in leukaemia patients with hyperleukocytosis. The average leukocytapheresis number for each patient was 2·2 (range 1-6). Median leukocyte count before apheresis was 309 × 10(9)  L(-1) (range 104-935); the mean leukocyte count reduction was 71%, corresponding to a mean absolute reduction of 219 × 10(9)  L(-1). No serious side effects were seen during or immediately after apheresis. The data suggest that our standardised technique for leukocytapheresis effectively reduced the peripheral blood leukaemia cell counts. Previous studies in AML also support the conclusion that this is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of a potentially life-threatening complication, but apheresis should always be combined with early chemotherapy. © 2013 The Authors. Transfusion Medicine © 2013 British Blood Transfusion Society.

  14. 7 CFR 1210.313 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Research. 1210.313 Section 1210.313 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.313 Research. Research means any type of...

  15. 7 CFR 1210.313 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Research. 1210.313 Section 1210.313 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.313 Research. Research means any type of...

  16. 7 CFR 1210.313 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Research. 1210.313 Section 1210.313 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.313 Research. Research means any type of...

  17. 7 CFR 1210.313 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Research. 1210.313 Section 1210.313 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.313 Research. Research means any type of...

  18. 7 CFR 1210.313 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Research. 1210.313 Section 1210.313 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.313 Research. Research means any type of...

  19. 7 CFR 1210.308 - Handler.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handler. 1210.308 Section 1210.308 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.308 Handler. Handler means any person...

  20. 7 CFR 1210.314 - Importer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Importer. 1210.314 Section 1210.314 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.314 Importer. Importer means any person...

  1. 7 CFR 1210.306 - Producer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Producer. 1210.306 Section 1210.306 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.306 Producer. Producer means any person...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.604 - Subagents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Subagents. 1210.604 Section 1210.604 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Referendum Procedures § 1210.604 Subagents. The referendum agent may appoint any individual or...

  3. 7 CFR 1210.309 - Person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Person. 1210.309 Section 1210.309 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.309 Person. Person means any individual...

  4. 7 CFR 1210.302 - Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Act. 1210.302 Section 1210.302 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.302 Act. Act means the Watermelon...

  5. 7 CFR 1210.303 - Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Plan. 1210.303 Section 1210.303 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.303 Plan. Plan means this watermelon research and promotion Plan issued by the Secretary pursuant to the Act. ...

  6. 7 CFR 1210.304 - Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Board. 1210.304 Section 1210.304 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.304 Board. Board means the National...

  7. Cytostatic action of two nitrosoureas derived from cysteamine.

    PubMed Central

    Bourut, C.; Chenu, E.; Godenèche, D.; Madelmont, J. C.; Maral, R.; Mathé, G.; Meyniel, G.

    1986-01-01

    2-Chloroethyl nitrosocarbamoylcystamine or ICIG-1325 (CNCC) is a lipid-soluble isomeric mixture of nitrosoureas. Its dose-effect relationship on L1210 leukaemia is characterized by a large maximally efficient dose-range (MEDR), greater than that of other nitrosoureas. CNCC also demonstrated significant therapeutic activity on intracerebrally (i.c.) transplanted L1210 leukaemia and on six transplanted solid tumours, TM2 mammary carcinoma, M555 ovarian carcinoma, B16 melanoma, glioma 26, 3LL, Lewis lung carcinoma and colon 26 carcinoma. It was inactive on fibrosarcoma ICIG-Ci4. Its antitumour activity spectrum is wider than that of the related compounds 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl) 3-nitrosoureido]D-glucopyranose (CZT), (chloro-2-ethyl)-1(ribofuranosyl-isopropylidene-2'-3' paranitrobenzoate-5')-3 nitrosourea (RFCNU), and (chloro-2-ethyl)-1 (ribopyranosyl triacetate-2'-3'-4')-3 nitrosourea (RPCNU). A study of its metabolic disposition in animals has shown that CNCC undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism leading to the formation of four main plasma metabolites. These metabolites are water-soluble nitrosoureas that arose from the bioreduction of the disulphide bridge followed by the methylation and the oxidation of the thiol groups. Experimental screening was performed with these chemically synthesized metabolites. Both N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2-(methylsulphinyl)ethyl]-N'-nitrosourea (CMSOEN2) and N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-N'-nitrosourea (CMSO2EN2) are very active on L1210 leukaemia grafted intraperitoneally (i.p.) and i.c., L40 leukaemia, B16 melanoma, glioma 26 and Lewis lung carcinoma. Their effectiveness is better than that of the parent compound CNCC. In addition,the percentage of mice cured after CMSOEN2 or CMSO2EN2 treatment is increased especially on B16 melanoma and glioma 26.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:3801787

  8. 7 CFR 1210.301 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Secretary. 1210.301 Section 1210.301 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.301 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.301 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Secretary. 1210.301 Section 1210.301 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.301 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.301 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Secretary. 1210.301 Section 1210.301 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.301 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority...

  11. 7 CFR 1210.301 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secretary. 1210.301 Section 1210.301 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.301 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority...

  12. 7 CFR 1210.301 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Secretary. 1210.301 Section 1210.301 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.301 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority...

  13. 21 CFR 1210.13 - Tuberculin test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Tuberculin test. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Food and... IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.13 Tuberculin test. (a) Except as provided in § 1210.27 any... United States shall be free from tuberculosis, as determined by a tuberculin test applied by an official...

  14. Cancer progression by reprogrammed BCAA metabolism in myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Hattori, Ayuna; Tsunoda, Makoto; Konuma, Takaaki; Kobayashi, Masayuki; Nagy, Tamas; Glushka, John; Tayyari, Fariba; McSkimming, Daniel; Kannan, Natarajan; Tojo, Arinobu; Edison, Arthur S; Ito, Takahiro

    2017-05-25

    Reprogrammed cellular metabolism is a common characteristic observed in various cancers. However, whether metabolic changes directly regulate cancer development and progression remains poorly understood. Here we show that BCAT1, a cytosolic aminotransferase for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), is aberrantly activated and functionally required for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in humans and in mouse models of CML. BCAT1 is upregulated during progression of CML and promotes BCAA production in leukaemia cells by aminating the branched-chain keto acids. Blocking BCAT1 gene expression or enzymatic activity induces cellular differentiation and impairs the propagation of blast crisis CML both in vitro and in vivo. Stable-isotope tracer experiments combined with nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic analysis demonstrate the intracellular production of BCAAs by BCAT1. Direct supplementation with BCAAs ameliorates the defects caused by BCAT1 knockdown, indicating that BCAT1 exerts its oncogenic function through BCAA production in blast crisis CML cells. Importantly, BCAT1 expression not only is activated in human blast crisis CML and de novo acute myeloid leukaemia, but also predicts disease outcome in patients. As an upstream regulator of BCAT1 expression, we identified Musashi2 (MSI2), an oncogenic RNA binding protein that is required for blast crisis CML. MSI2 is physically associated with the BCAT1 transcript and positively regulates its protein expression in leukaemia. Taken together, this work reveals that altered BCAA metabolism activated through the MSI2-BCAT1 axis drives cancer progression in myeloid leukaemia.

  15. 7 CFR 1210.350 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reports. 1210.350 Section 1210.350 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.350 Reports. (a) Each... watermelons produced and handled by the handler. Handlers shall report to the Board at such times and in such...

  16. 7 CFR 1210.350 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reports. 1210.350 Section 1210.350 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.350 Reports. (a) Each... watermelons produced and handled by the handler. Handlers shall report to the Board at such times and in such...

  17. 16 CFR 1210.12 - Certificate of compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 1210.12 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.12 Certificate of compliance. (a..., based on a reasonable testing program or a test of each product, as required by §§ 1210.13-1210.14 and...

  18. 16 CFR 1210.14 - Qualification testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Qualification testing. 1210.14 Section 1210.14 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.14 Qualification testing. (a...

  19. 16 CFR 1210.16 - Production testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Production testing. 1210.16 Section 1210.16 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.16 Production testing. (a) General...

  20. 7 CFR 1210.315 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false United States. 1210.315 Section 1210.315 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.315 United States. United States means...

  1. 7 CFR 1210.315 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false United States. 1210.315 Section 1210.315 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.315 United States. United States means...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.315 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false United States. 1210.315 Section 1210.315 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.315 United States. United States means...

  3. 7 CFR 1210.315 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States. 1210.315 Section 1210.315 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.315 United States. United States means...

  4. 16 CFR § 1210.15 - Specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Specifications. § 1210.15 Section § 1210.15 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.15 Specifications. (a...

  5. 16 CFR 1210.13 - Certification tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Certification tests. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.13 Certification tests. (a) General. As...

  6. 7 CFR 1210.344 - Operating reserve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Operating reserve. 1210.344 Section 1210.344 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Expenses and Assessments § 1210.344 Operating reserve...

  7. 16 CFR 1210.13 - Certification tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Certification tests. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.13 Certification tests. (a) General. As...

  8. 16 CFR 1210.16 - Production testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in the manufacturing process, the assembly process, the equipment used to manufacture the product, or... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Production testing. 1210.16 Section 1210.16... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.16 Production testing. (a) General...

  9. 16 CFR 1210.13 - Certification tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Certification tests. 1210.13 Section 1210.13... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.13 Certification tests. (a) General. As... reasonable testing programs shall include qualification tests, which must be performed on surrogates of each...

  10. 21 CFR 582.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 582.1210 Section 582.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Product. Calcium oxide. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  11. 21 CFR 582.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 582.1210 Section 582.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Product. Calcium oxide. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  12. 21 CFR 582.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 582.1210 Section 582.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Product. Calcium oxide. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  13. 21 CFR 582.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 582.1210 Section 582.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Product. Calcium oxide. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  14. 21 CFR 582.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 582.1210 Section 582.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Product. Calcium oxide. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  15. 7 CFR 1210.315 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false United States. 1210.315 Section 1210.315 Agriculture... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.315 United States. United States means each of the several States and the District of Columbia. [60 FR 10797, Feb. 28, 1995] National...

  16. 21 CFR 1210.21 - Permit number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permit number. 1210.21 Section 1210.21 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.21 Permit number. Each permit issued under the Federal Import Milk...

  17. 21 CFR 1210.21 - Permit number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Permit number. 1210.21 Section 1210.21 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.21 Permit number. Each permit issued under the Federal Import Milk...

  18. 16 CFR 1210.4 - Test protocol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Test protocol. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.4 Test protocol. (a) Child test panel. (1) The test to determine if a lighter is resistant to successful operation by children uses a...

  19. 21 CFR 184.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 184.1210 Section 184.1210 Food and....1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Calcium oxide (CaO, CAS Reg. No. 1305-78-8) is also known as lime, quick lime, burnt lime, or calx. It is produced from calcium carbonate, limestone, or oyster shells by calcination...

  20. 21 CFR 1210.21 - Permit number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Permit number. 1210.21 Section 1210.21 Food and... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.21 Permit number. Each permit issued under the Federal Import Milk Act, including each temporary permit, shall bear an individual number. The right to the use of such...

  1. 21 CFR 1210.21 - Permit number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Permit number. 1210.21 Section 1210.21 Food and... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.21 Permit number. Each permit issued under the Federal Import Milk Act, including each temporary permit, shall bear an individual number. The right to the use of such...

  2. 21 CFR 1210.21 - Permit number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Permit number. 1210.21 Section 1210.21 Food and... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.21 Permit number. Each permit issued under the Federal Import Milk Act, including each temporary permit, shall bear an individual number. The right to the use of such...

  3. 21 CFR 184.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Calcium oxide. 184.1210 Section 184.1210 Food and... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Calcium oxide (CaO, CAS Reg. No. 1305-78-8) is also known as lime, quick lime, burnt lime, or calx. It is produced from calcium carbonate, limestone, or...

  4. 21 CFR 184.1210 - Calcium oxide.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Calcium oxide. 184.1210 Section 184.1210 Food and... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1210 Calcium oxide. (a) Calcium oxide (CaO, CAS Reg. No. 1305-78-8) is also known as lime, quick lime, burnt lime, or calx. It is produced from calcium carbonate, limestone, or...

  5. Pharmacology of liposomal vincristine in mice bearing L1210 ascitic and B16/BL6 solid tumours.

    PubMed Central

    Mayer, L. D.; Masin, D.; Nayar, R.; Boman, N. L.; Bally, M. B.

    1995-01-01

    Vincristine pharmacokinetic, tumour uptake and therapeutic characteristics were investigated here in order to elucidate the processes underlying the enhanced efficacy observed for vincristine entrapped in small (120 nm) distearoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes. Plasma vincristine levels after intravenous (i.v.) injection are elevated more than 100-fold in the liposomal formulation compared with free drug in tumour-bearing as well as non-tumour-bearing mice over 24 h. Biodistribution studies demonstrate that the extent and duration of tumour exposure to vincristine is dramatically improved when the drug is administered i.v. in liposomal form. Specifically, 72 h trapezoidal area under the curve values for liposomal vincristine in the murine L1210 ascitic and B16/BL6 solid tumours are 12.9- to 4.1-fold larger, respectively, than observed for free drug. Similar to previous results with the L1210 model, increased drug delivery to the B16 tumour results in significant inhibition of tumour growth, whereas no anti-tumour activity is observed with free vincristine. Comparisons of drug and liposomal lipid accumulation in tumour and muscle tissue indicate that the enhanced efficacy of liposomal vincristine is related predominantly to drug delivered by liposomes to the tumour site rather than drug released from liposomes in the circulation. Consequently, improvements in liposomal vincristine formulations must focus on factors that increase uptake of liposomes into tumour sites as well as enhance liposomal drug retention in the circulation. PMID:7880728

  6. How animal models of leukaemias have already benefited patients.

    PubMed

    Ablain, Julien; Nasr, Rihab; Zhu, Jun; Bazarbachi, Ali; Lallemand-Breittenbach, Valérie; de Thé, Hugues

    2013-04-01

    The relative genetic simplicity of leukaemias, the development of which likely relies on a limited number of initiating events has made them ideal for disease modelling, particularly in the mouse. Animal models provide incomparable insights into the mechanisms of leukaemia development and allow exploration of the molecular pillars of disease maintenance, an aspect often biased in cell lines or ex vivo systems. Several of these models, which faithfully recapitulate the characteristics of the human disease, have been used for pre-clinical purposes and have been instrumental in predicting therapy response in patients. We plea for a wider use of genetically defined animal models in the design of clinical trials, with a particular focus on reassessment of existing cancer or non-cancer drugs, alone or in combination. Copyright © 2013 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. 16 CFR 1210.18 - Refusal of importation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Refusal of importation. 1210.18 Section 1210.18 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.18 Refusal of importation. (a...

  8. 10 CFR 603.1210 - Articles of collaboration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Articles of collaboration. 603.1210 Section 603.1210 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1210 Articles of collaboration. An agreement among the...

  9. 10 CFR 603.1210 - Articles of collaboration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Articles of collaboration. 603.1210 Section 603.1210 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1210 Articles of collaboration. An agreement among the...

  10. 10 CFR 603.1210 - Articles of collaboration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Articles of collaboration. 603.1210 Section 603.1210 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1210 Articles of collaboration. An agreement among the...

  11. 10 CFR 603.1210 - Articles of collaboration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Articles of collaboration. 603.1210 Section 603.1210 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1210 Articles of collaboration. An agreement among the...

  12. 10 CFR 603.1210 - Articles of collaboration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Articles of collaboration. 603.1210 Section 603.1210 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Definitions of Terms Used in this Part § 603.1210 Articles of collaboration. An agreement among the...

  13. 7 CFR 1210.321 - Nominations and selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nominations and selection. 1210.321 Section 1210.321 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.321...

  14. 36 CFR 1210.37 - Property trust relationship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Property trust relationship. 1210.37 Section 1210.37 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS... Standards § 1210.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt...

  15. 16 CFR 1210.15 - Specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.15 Specifications. (a) Requirement... described in a written product specification. (Section 1210.4(c) requires that six surrogate lighters be...

  16. 16 CFR § 1210.14 - Qualification testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Qualification testing. § 1210.14 Section § 1210.14 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.14 Qualification testing. (a...

  17. 21 CFR 870.1210 - Continuous flush catheter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Continuous flush catheter. 870.1210 Section 870.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES Cardiovascular Diagnostic Devices § 870.1210 Continuous flush...

  18. 16 CFR § 1210.13 - Certification tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Certification tests. § 1210.13 Section § 1210.13 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.13 Certification tests. (a...

  19. 16 CFR § 1210.16 - Production testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Production testing. § 1210.16 Section § 1210.16 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.16 Production testing. (a...

  20. 7 CFR 1210.322 - Term of office.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Term of office. 1210.322 Section 1210.322 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.322 Term of...

  1. 21 CFR 870.1210 - Continuous flush catheter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Continuous flush catheter. 870.1210 Section 870.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES Cardiovascular Diagnostic Devices § 870.1210 Continuous flush...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.602 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting. 1210.602 Section 1210.602 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... each producer in a landlord-tenant relationship or a divided ownership arrangement involving totally...

  3. In vitro toxicity assay of cisplatin on mouse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and spermatogonial stem cells.

    PubMed

    Shabani, R; Ashtari, K; Behnam, B; Izadyar, F; Asgari, H; Asghari Jafarabadi, M; Ashjari, M; Asadi, E; Koruji, M

    2016-06-01

    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in reproductive age, and cisplatin is one of the major helpful chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of this cancer. In addition, exposure of testes cancer cells to cisplatin could potentially eliminate tumour cells from germ cells in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cisplatin on viability of mouse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line (EL-4) and neonatal mouse spermatogonial cells in vitro. In this study, the isolated spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and EL-4 were divided into six groups including control (received medium), sham (received DMSO in medium) and experimental groups which received different doses of cisplatin (0.5, 5, 10 and 15 μg ml(-1) ). Cells viability was evaluated with MTT assay. The identity of the cultured cells was confirmed by the expression of specific markers. Our finding showed that viability of both SSC and EL-4 cells was reduced with the dose of 15 μg/ml when compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the differences between the IC50 in doses 10 and 15 μg/ml at different time were significant (P ≤ 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased, and the BAX and caspase-3 expressions were upregulated in EL4 cells for group that received an effective dose of cisplatin). In conclusion, despite the dramatic effects of cisplatin on both cells, spermatogonial stem cells could form colony in culture. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  4. 7 CFR 1210.340 - Budget and expenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Budget and expenses. 1210.340 Section 1210.340... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Expenses and Assessments § 1210.340 Budget and... shall prepare and recommend a budget on a fiscal period basis of its anticipated expenses and...

  5. 7 CFR 1210.325 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Procedure. 1210.325 Section 1210.325 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... mail, telegraph, telephone, or by other means of communication; Provided, That each member receives an...

  6. 7 CFR 1210.325 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedure. 1210.325 Section 1210.325 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... mail, telegraph, telephone, or by other means of communication; Provided, That each member receives an...

  7. 36 CFR 13.1210 - Firearms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....1210 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Katmai National Park and Preserve General Provisions § 13.1210 Firearms. The superintendent may designate areas or routes within Katmai National Park where...

  8. 7 CFR 1210.362 - Influencing government action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Influencing government action. 1210.362 Section 1210... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.362 Influencing government action. No funds received by the Board under this Plan shall in any manner be used for the purpose...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.362 - Influencing government action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Influencing government action. 1210.362 Section 1210... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.362 Influencing government action. No funds received by the Board under this Plan shall in any manner be used for the purpose...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.351 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Books and records. 1210.351 Section 1210.351... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.351 Books and... make available for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are...

  11. 7 CFR 1210.351 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Books and records. 1210.351 Section 1210.351... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.351 Books and... make available for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are...

  12. 7 CFR 1210.351 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Books and records. 1210.351 Section 1210.351... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.351 Books and... make available for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are...

  13. 7 CFR 1210.351 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Books and records. 1210.351 Section 1210.351... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.351 Books and... make available for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are...

  14. 7 CFR 1210.351 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Books and records. 1210.351 Section 1210.351... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Reports, Books, and Records § 1210.351 Books and... make available for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are...

  15. 21 CFR 862.1210 - Creatine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Creatine test system. 862.1210 Section 862.1210....1210 Creatine test system. (a) Identification. A creatine test system is a device intended to measure creatine (a substance synthesized in the liver and pancreas and found in biological fluids) in plasma...

  16. 7 CFR 1210.307 - Handle.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handle. 1210.307 Section 1210.307 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., process, sell, transport, purchase, or in any other way to place or cause watermelons to which one has...

  17. 9 CFR 12.10 - Stipulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Stipulations. 12.10 Section 12.10 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE RULES OF PRACTICE GOVERNING PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE HORSE PROTECTION ACT Supplemental Rules of...

  18. 7 CFR 1210.605 - Ballots.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ballots. 1210.605 Section 1210.605 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., the agent or subagent shall endorse above their signature, on the ballot, a statement to the effect...

  19. 16 CFR 1210.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.2 Definitions. As used in this part 1210: (a) Cigarette lighter. See lighter. (b) Disposable lighter—means a lighter that either is..., is $2.25. (c) Lighter, also referred to as cigarette lighter, means a flame-producing product...

  20. 21 CFR 1210.1 - Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority. 1210.1 Section 1210.1 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT...

  1. 36 CFR 1210.43 - Competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Competition. 1210.43 Section..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Procurement Standards § 1210.43 Competition. All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent...

  2. 21 CFR 1210.2 - Scope of act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope of act. 1210.2 Section 1210.2 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT General Provisions § 1210.2 Scope of act. The provisions of the act apply to all milk and...

  3. 21 CFR 1210.2 - Scope of act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scope of act. 1210.2 Section 1210.2 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT General Provisions § 1210.2 Scope of act. The provisions of the act apply to all milk and...

  4. Subsequent leukaemia in autoimmune disease patients.

    PubMed

    Hemminki, Kari; Liu, Xiangdong; Försti, Asta; Ji, Jianguang; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina

    2013-06-01

    Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with some autoimmune (AI) diseases are at an increased risk of leukaemia but limited data are available on survival. We systematically analysed the risks (standardized incidence ratio, SIR) and survival (hazard ratio, HR) in nine types of leukaemia among 402 462 patients hospitalized for any of 33 AI diseases and compared to persons not hospitalized for AI diseases. Risk for all leukaemia was increased after 13 AI diseases and survival was decreased after six AI diseases. SIRs were increased after all AI diseases for seven types of leukaemia, including SIR 1·69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1·29-2·19) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 1·85 (95% CI: 1·65-2·07) for acute myeloid leukaemia, 1·68 (95% CI: 1·37-2·04) for chronic myeloid leukaemia, 2·20 (95% CI: 1·69-2·81) for 'other myeloid leukaemia', 2·45 (95% 1·99-2·98) for 'other and unspecified leukaemia', 1·81 (95% CI: 1·11-2·81) for monocytic leukaemia, and 1·36 (95% CI: 1·08-1·69) for myelofibrosis. The HRs were increased for four types of leukaemia, most for myelofibrosis (1·74, 95% CI: 1·33-2·29) and ALL (1·42, 95% CI: 1·03-1·95). Some AI diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, were associated with increased SIRs and HRs in many types of leukaemia. The present data showed increases in risk and decreases in survival for many types of leukaemia after various AI diseases. Leukaemia is a rare complication in AI disease but findings about this comorbidity at the time of leukaemia diagnosis may help to optimize the treatment and improve survival. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  5. 7 CFR 12.10 - Scheme or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scheme or device. 12.10 Section 12.10 Agriculture... § 12.10 Scheme or device. All or any part of the benefits listed in § 12.4 otherwise due a person from... scheme or device designed to evade, or which has the effect of evading, the provisions of this part. Such...

  6. 7 CFR 12.10 - Scheme or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scheme or device. 12.10 Section 12.10 Agriculture... § 12.10 Scheme or device. All or any part of the benefits listed in § 12.4 otherwise due a person from... scheme or device designed to evade, or which has the effect of evading, the provisions of this part. Such...

  7. 7 CFR 12.10 - Scheme or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scheme or device. 12.10 Section 12.10 Agriculture... § 12.10 Scheme or device. All or any part of the benefits listed in § 12.4 otherwise due a person from... scheme or device designed to evade, or which has the effect of evading, the provisions of this part. Such...

  8. 7 CFR 12.10 - Scheme or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Scheme or device. 12.10 Section 12.10 Agriculture... § 12.10 Scheme or device. All or any part of the benefits listed in § 12.4 otherwise due a person from... scheme or device designed to evade, or which has the effect of evading, the provisions of this part. Such...

  9. 7 CFR 12.10 - Scheme or device.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scheme or device. 12.10 Section 12.10 Agriculture... § 12.10 Scheme or device. All or any part of the benefits listed in § 12.4 otherwise due a person from... scheme or device designed to evade, or which has the effect of evading, the provisions of this part. Such...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.360 - Right of the Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Right of the Secretary. 1210.360 Section 1210.360 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.360 Right of the Secretary. All...

  11. 16 CFR § 1210.18 - Refusal of importation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Refusal of importation. § 1210.18 Section § 1210.18 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.18 Refusal of importation. (a...

  12. 36 CFR 1210.3 - Effect on other issuances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect on other issuances. 1210.3 Section 1210.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS General § 1210.3 Effect on other issuances. For...

  13. 45 CFR 1210.3-10 - Reinstatement of Volunteer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reinstatement of Volunteer. 1210.3-10 Section 1210... COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-10 Reinstatement of Volunteer. (a) If the Regional Director or Director of VISTA...

  14. 45 CFR 1210.3-10 - Reinstatement of Volunteer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Reinstatement of Volunteer. 1210.3-10 Section 1210... COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-10 Reinstatement of Volunteer. (a) If the Regional Director or Director of VISTA...

  15. 45 CFR 1210.3-10 - Reinstatement of Volunteer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reinstatement of Volunteer. 1210.3-10 Section 1210... COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-10 Reinstatement of Volunteer. (a) If the Regional Director or Director of VISTA...

  16. 45 CFR 1210.3-10 - Reinstatement of Volunteer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Reinstatement of Volunteer. 1210.3-10 Section 1210... COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-10 Reinstatement of Volunteer. (a) If the Regional Director or Director of VISTA...

  17. 45 CFR 1210.3-10 - Reinstatement of Volunteer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Reinstatement of Volunteer. 1210.3-10 Section 1210... COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-10 Reinstatement of Volunteer. (a) If the Regional Director or Director of VISTA...

  18. [Prognostic value of absolute monocyte count in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia].

    PubMed

    Szerafin, László; Jakó, János; Riskó, Ferenc

    2015-04-01

    The low peripheral absolute lymphocyte and high monocyte count have been reported to correlate with poor clinical outcome in various lymphomas and other cancers. However, a few data known about the prognostic value of absolute monocyte count in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The aim of the authors was to investigate the impact of absolute monocyte count measured at the time of diagnosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia on the time to treatment and overal survival. Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012, 223 patients with newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were included. The rate of patients needing treatment, time to treatment, overal survival and causes of mortality based on Rai stages, CD38, ZAP-70 positivity and absolute monocyte count were analyzed. Therapy was necessary in 21.1%, 57.4%, 88.9%, 88.9% and 100% of patients in Rai stage 0, I, II, III an IV, respectively; in 61.9% and 60.8% of patients exhibiting CD38 and ZAP-70 positivity, respectively; and in 76.9%, 21.2% and 66.2% of patients if the absolute monocyte count was <0.25 G/l, between 0.25-0.75 G/l and >0.75 G/l, respectively. The median time to treatment and the median overal survival were 19.5, 65, and 35.5 months; and 41.5, 65, and 49.5 months according to the three groups of monocyte counts. The relative risk of beginning the therapy was 1.62 (p<0.01) in patients with absolute monocyte count <0.25 G/l or >0.75 G/l, as compared to those with 0.25-0.75 G/l, and the risk of overal survival was 2.41 (p<0.01) in patients with absolute monocyte count lower than 0.25 G/l as compared to those with higher than 0.25 G/l. The relative risks remained significant in Rai 0 patients, too. The leading causes of mortality were infections (41.7%) and the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (58.3%) in patients with low monocyte count, while tumours (25.9-35.3%) and other events (48.1 and 11.8%) occurred in patients with medium or high monocyte counts. Patients with low and high monocyte

  19. 16 CFR 1210.3 - Requirements for cigarette lighters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Requirements for cigarette lighters. 1210.3... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.3 Requirements for cigarette lighters. (a) A lighter subject to this part 1210 shall be resistant to successful operation by at...

  20. 16 CFR 1210.3 - Requirements for cigarette lighters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirements for cigarette lighters. 1210.3... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.3 Requirements for cigarette lighters. (a) A lighter subject to this part 1210 shall be resistant to successful operation by at...

  1. 16 CFR 1210.3 - Requirements for cigarette lighters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Requirements for cigarette lighters. 1210.3... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.3 Requirements for cigarette lighters. (a) A lighter subject to this part 1210 shall be resistant to successful operation by at...

  2. 16 CFR 1210.3 - Requirements for cigarette lighters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Requirements for cigarette lighters. 1210.3... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.3 Requirements for cigarette lighters. (a) A lighter subject to this part 1210 shall be resistant to successful operation by at...

  3. 16 CFR 1210.14 - Qualification testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....14 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.14 Qualification testing. (a... accordance with § 1210.4. (b) Product modifications. If any changes are made to a product after initial...

  4. 21 CFR 1210.23 - Permits granted on certificates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permits granted on certificates. 1210.23 Section 1210.23 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.23 Permits granted on certificates. In the discretion of the...

  5. 21 CFR 1210.23 - Permits granted on certificates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Permits granted on certificates. 1210.23 Section 1210.23 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.23 Permits granted on certificates. In the discretion of the...

  6. 7 CFR 1210.607 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Confidential information. 1210.607 Section 1210.607 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... contents and all other information or reports furnished to, compiled by, or in possession of, the...

  7. 7 CFR 1210.607 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Confidential information. 1210.607 Section 1210.607 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... contents and all other information or reports furnished to, compiled by, or in possession of, the...

  8. 7 CFR 1210.607 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Confidential information. 1210.607 Section 1210.607 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... contents and all other information or reports furnished to, compiled by, or in possession of, the...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.607 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Confidential information. 1210.607 Section 1210.607 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... contents and all other information or reports furnished to, compiled by, or in possession of, the...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.607 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidential information. 1210.607 Section 1210.607 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... contents and all other information or reports furnished to, compiled by, or in possession of, the...

  11. 7 CFR 1210.352 - Confidential treatment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidential treatment. 1210.352 Section 1210.352 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... treatment. (a) All information obtained from the books, records, or reports required to be maintained under...

  12. 21 CFR 1210.12 - Physical examination of cows.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Physical examination of cows. 1210.12 Section 1210... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.12 Physical examination of cows. (a) Physical.... (b) The result of the physical examination shall be set forth in the form prescribed by the Secretary. ...

  13. 21 CFR 1210.12 - Physical examination of cows.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Physical examination of cows. 1210.12 Section 1210... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.12 Physical examination of cows. (a) Physical.... (b) The result of the physical examination shall be set forth in the form prescribed by the Secretary. ...

  14. 21 CFR 1210.12 - Physical examination of cows.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Physical examination of cows. 1210.12 Section 1210... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.12 Physical examination of cows. (a) Physical.... (b) The result of the physical examination shall be set forth in the form prescribed by the Secretary. ...

  15. 21 CFR 1210.12 - Physical examination of cows.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Physical examination of cows. 1210.12 Section 1210... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.12 Physical examination of cows. (a) Physical.... (b) The result of the physical examination shall be set forth in the form prescribed by the Secretary. ...

  16. Severe asymptomatic hypophosphataemia in a child with T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Zakaria, N H; Sthaneshwar, P; Shanmugam, H

    2017-12-01

    Hypophosphataemia is a metabolic disorder that is commonly encountered in critically ill patients. Phosphate has many roles in physiological functions, thus the depletion of serum phosphate could lead to impairment in multiple organ systems, which include the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and muscular systems and haematological and metabolic functions. Hypophosphataemia is defined as plasma phosphate level below 0.80 mmol per litre (mmol/L) and can be further divided into subgroups of mild (plasma phosphate of 0.66 to 0.79 mmol/L), moderate (plasma phosphate of 0.32 to 0.65 mmol/L) and severe (plasma phosphate of less than 0.32 mmol/L). The causes of hypophosphataemia include inadequate phosphate intake, decreased intestinal absorption, gastrointestinal or renal phosphate loss, and redistribution of phosphate into cells. Symptomatic hypophosphataemia associated with haematological malignancies has been reported infrequently. We report here a case of asymptomatic severe hypophosphataemia in a child with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia. A 14-year-old Chinese boy was diagnosed to have acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). His serum biochemistry results were normal except inorganic phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The serum inorganic phosphate level was 0.1mmol/L and the level was low on repeated analysis. The child had no symptoms related to low phosphate levels. The possible causes of low phosphate were ruled out and urine Tmp/GFR was normal. Chemotherapy regime was started and the serum phosphate levels started to increase. Hypophosphataemia in leukaemia was attributed to shift of phosphorus into leukemic cells and excessive cellular phosphate consumption by rapidly proliferating cells. Several reports of symptomatic hypophosphataemia in myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults have been reported. To our knowledge this is the first case of severe asymptomatic hypophosphataemia in a child with ALL.

  17. 7 CFR 1210.361 - Personal liability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Personal liability. 1210.361 Section 1210.361 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... others, in any way whatsoever to any person for errors in judgment, mistakes, or other acts, either of...

  18. 7 CFR 1210.401 - District conventions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false District conventions. 1210.401 Section 1210.401 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... multi-State districts, no one State shall have nominees for more than three of the four district...

  19. 16 CFR 1210.12 - Certificate of compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.12 Certificate of compliance. (a... Product Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters (16 CFR 1210),” (2) The name and address of the...

  20. 21 CFR 1210.12 - Physical examination of cows.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Physical examination of cows. 1210.12 Section 1210... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.12 Physical examination of cows. (a) Physical examination of any and all cows in herds producing milk or cream which is to be shipped or transported into...

  1. 32 CFR 37.1210 - Advanced research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Advanced research. 37.1210 Section 37.1210... research. Research that creates new technology or demonstrates the viability of applying existing technology to new products and processes in a general way. Advanced research is most closely analogous to...

  2. 32 CFR 37.1210 - Advanced research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Advanced research. 37.1210 Section 37.1210... research. Research that creates new technology or demonstrates the viability of applying existing technology to new products and processes in a general way. Advanced research is most closely analogous to...

  3. 32 CFR 37.1210 - Advanced research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advanced research. 37.1210 Section 37.1210... research. Research that creates new technology or demonstrates the viability of applying existing technology to new products and processes in a general way. Advanced research is most closely analogous to...

  4. 32 CFR 37.1210 - Advanced research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Advanced research. 37.1210 Section 37.1210... research. Research that creates new technology or demonstrates the viability of applying existing technology to new products and processes in a general way. Advanced research is most closely analogous to...

  5. 32 CFR 37.1210 - Advanced research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Advanced research. 37.1210 Section 37.1210... research. Research that creates new technology or demonstrates the viability of applying existing technology to new products and processes in a general way. Advanced research is most closely analogous to...

  6. 21 CFR 1210.13 - Tuberculin test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Tuberculin test. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL...

  7. 21 CFR 1210.13 - Tuberculin test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Tuberculin test. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL...

  8. 21 CFR 1210.13 - Tuberculin test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Tuberculin test. 1210.13 Section 1210.13 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL...

  9. Preparation and Anti-Tumour Activity of Some Arylbismuth(III) Oxine Complexes

    PubMed Central

    Smith, Katharine A.; Deacon, Glen B.; Jackson, W. Roy; Tiekink, Edward R. T.; Rainone, Silvina; Webster, Lorraine K.

    1998-01-01

    New arylbismuth(lll) oxinates, PhBi(MeOx)2, (p-MeC6H4)Bi(Ox)2, (p-MeC6H4)Bi(MeOx)2, (p-ClC6H4)Bi(Ox)2, and (p-ClC6H4)Bi(MeOx)2 (Ox− = quinolin-8-olate and MeOx−=2-methylquinolin-8-olate) have been prepared by reaction of the appropriate diarylbismuth chlorides with Na(Ox) or Na(MeOx) in the presence of 15-crown-5. An X-ray crystallographic study has shown PhBi(MeOx)2 to be a five coordinate monomer with distorted square pyramidal stereochemistry. Chelating MeOx ligands have a cisoid arrangement in the square plane and the phenyl group is apical. The lattice is stabilised by significant π-π interactions between centrosymmetric molecules. A range of these complexes has been shown to have high in vitro biological activity (comparable with or better than cisplatin) against L1210 leukaemia, the corresponding cisplatin resistant line, and a human ovarian cell line, SKOV-3. However, initial in vivo testing against a solid mouse plasmacytoma (PC6) and P388 leukaemia has not revealed significant activity. PMID:18475861

  10. 36 CFR 1210.48 - Contract provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... instances in which a contractor violates or breaches the contract terms, and provide for such remedial... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Contract provisions. 1210.48... § 1210.48 Contract provisions. The recipient shall include, in addition to provisions to define a sound...

  11. 16 CFR 1210.1 - Scope, application, and effective date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope, application, and effective date. 1210.1 Section 1210.1 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.1 Scope...

  12. Synchrony in human, mouse and bacterial cell cultures--a comparison

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Helmstetter, Charles E.; Thornton, Maureen; Romero, Ana; Eward, K. Leigh

    2003-01-01

    Growth characteristics of synchronous human MOLT-4, human U-937 and mouse L1210 cultures produced with a new minimally-disturbing technology were compared to each other and to synchronous Escherichia coli B/r. Based on measurements of cell concentrations during synchronous growth, synchrony persisted in similar fashion for all cells. Cell size and DNA distributions in the mammalian cultures also progressed synchronously and reproducibly for multiple cell cycles. The results demonstrate that unambiguous multi-cycle synchrony, critical for verifying the absence of significant growth imbalances induced by the synchronization procedure, is feasible with these cell lines, and possibly others.

  13. 36 CFR 1210.24 - Program income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Program income. 1210.24... Management § 1210.24 Program income. (a) The NHPRC applies the standards set forth in this section in requiring recipient organizations to account for program income related to projects financed in whole or in...

  14. Immunocytochemical markers in acute leukaemias diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Gluzman, D F; Nadgornaya, V A; Sklyarenko, L M; Ivanovskaya, T S; Poludnenko, L Yu; Ukrainskaya, N I

    2010-09-01

    The study included 1742 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemias (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL), Kyiv city residents and patients from 20 regions of Ukraine. Bone marrow and blood smears were sent at diagnosis to Reference Center. The analysis was based on May-Grünvald-Giemza (MGG) stain and cytochemical reactions (MPO, acNSE, CAE, AP, PAS). Immunocytochemical techniques (APAAP, LSAB) and broad panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against lineage specific and differentiation antigens of leukocytes were employed for immunophenotyping of leukemic blast cells directly in blood and bone marrow smears. Different types of AML were defined by the expression of the cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens. Immunocytochemical study was required especially in diagnosing of AML with minimal differentiation, acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, acute erythroid leukaemia and acute leukaemias of ambiguous lineage. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemias was broadly classified into B-lineage and T-lineage ALL. According to the degree of B-lymphoid differentiation of the blast cells four subtypes of B-lineage ALL were established. T-lineage ALL observed in patients were also divided into four subtypes. Immunocytochemical examination was required to diagnose AL of ambiguous lineage with no clear evidence of lineage differentiation (acute undifferentiated leukaemia) or those with blasts that express markers of more than one lineage (mixed phenotype acute leukaemias).

  15. SWI/SNF Subunits SMARCA4, SMARCD2 and DPF2 Collaborate in MLL-Rearranged Leukaemia Maintenance.

    PubMed

    Cruickshank, V Adam; Sroczynska, Patrycja; Sankar, Aditya; Miyagi, Satoru; Rundsten, Carsten Friis; Johansen, Jens Vilstrup; Helin, Kristian

    2015-01-01

    Alterations in chromatin structure caused by deregulated epigenetic mechanisms collaborate with underlying genetic lesions to promote cancer. SMARCA4/BRG1, a core component of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling complex, has been implicated by its mutational spectrum as exerting a tumour-suppressor function in many solid tumours; recently however, it has been reported to sustain leukaemogenic transformation in MLL-rearranged leukaemia in mice. Here we further explore the role of SMARCA4 and the two SWI/SNF subunits SMARCD2/BAF60B and DPF2/BAF45D in leukaemia. We observed the selective requirement for these proteins for leukaemic cell expansion and self-renewal in-vitro as well as in leukaemia. Gene expression profiling in human cells of each of these three factors suggests that they have overlapping functions in leukaemia. The gene expression changes induced by loss of the three proteins demonstrate that they are required for the expression of haematopoietic stem cell associated genes but in contrast to previous results obtained in mouse cells, the three proteins are not required for the expression of c-MYC regulated genes.

  16. Effects of Mg2+ and adenine nucleotides on thymidylate synthetase from different mouse tumors.

    PubMed

    Rode, W; Jastreboff, M M

    1984-01-01

    Magnesium ions variably influenced activity of highly purified thymidylate synthetase preparations from different mouse tumors, activating the enzyme from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and inhibiting the enzyme from L1210 and L5178Y cells and from 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd)-resistant EAC cells. In the presence of Mg2+ in a concentration resulting in either maximum activation or inhibition (25-30 mM) the enzymes from both the sensitive and FdUrd-resistant EAC lines and L5178Y cells were activated by ATP. Under the same conditions of Mg2+ concentration ADP and AMP inhibited the enzyme from the parental but not from the FdUrd-resistant EAC cells.

  17. 47 CFR 27.1210 - Remote control operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Remote control operation. 27.1210 Section 27.1210 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service § 27...

  18. 47 CFR 27.1210 - Remote control operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Remote control operation. 27.1210 Section 27.1210 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service § 27...

  19. 47 CFR 27.1210 - Remote control operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Remote control operation. 27.1210 Section 27.1210 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service § 27...

  20. 47 CFR 27.1210 - Remote control operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Remote control operation. 27.1210 Section 27.1210 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service § 27...

  1. 47 CFR 27.1210 - Remote control operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Remote control operation. 27.1210 Section 27.1210 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service § 27...

  2. 16 CFR § 1210.3 - Requirements for cigarette lighters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Requirements for cigarette lighters. § 1210... ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.3 Requirements for cigarette lighters. (a) A lighter subject to this part 1210 shall be resistant to successful...

  3. 23 CFR 1210.4 - Adoption of zero tolerance law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Adoption of zero tolerance law. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INTOXICATED MINORS § 1210.4 Adoption of zero tolerance... that license suspensions or revocations are authorized for any violation of the State zero tolerance...

  4. 23 CFR 1210.4 - Adoption of zero tolerance law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Adoption of zero tolerance law. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INTOXICATED MINORS § 1210.4 Adoption of zero tolerance... that license suspensions or revocations are authorized for any violation of the State zero tolerance...

  5. 23 CFR 1210.4 - Adoption of zero tolerance law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Adoption of zero tolerance law. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INTOXICATED MINORS § 1210.4 Adoption of zero tolerance... that license suspensions or revocations are authorized for any violation of the State zero tolerance...

  6. 23 CFR 1210.4 - Adoption of zero tolerance law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Adoption of zero tolerance law. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INTOXICATED MINORS § 1210.4 Adoption of zero tolerance... that license suspensions or revocations are authorized for any violation of the State zero tolerance...

  7. 23 CFR 1210.4 - Adoption of zero tolerance law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Adoption of zero tolerance law. 1210.4 Section 1210.4... TRANSPORTATION GUIDELINES OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INTOXICATED MINORS § 1210.4 Adoption of zero tolerance... that license suspensions or revocations are authorized for any violation of the State zero tolerance...

  8. 21 CFR 1210.13 - Tuberculin test.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.13 Tuberculin test. (a) Except as provided in § 1210.27 any and all animals in herds producing milk or cream which is to be shipped or transported raw into the... any event, shall have been made within 1 year previous to the time of the importation. All animals...

  9. Diagnosis and management of neonatal leukaemia.

    PubMed

    van der Linden, Marieke H; Creemers, Sara; Pieters, Rob

    2012-08-01

    Leukaemia in neonates (infants <1 month) is rare, whereby neonatal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is more frequent than neonatal acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). High mortality rates are observed, though AML has a better prognosis than ALL. Neonatal leukaemia is typically presented with hepatosplenomegaly, leukaemia cutis and/or hyperleucocytosis. Congenital infections should be ruled out before diagnosis. Rearrangement of the MLL gene is the most frequently occurring genetic aberration. Treatment includes intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, usually with age-related dose adjustments next to supportive care. Treatment intensification for ALL could be indicated in the future as the dismal prognosis is subject to high relapse rates in ALL. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  10. Clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia - A decade-long institutional follow-up.

    PubMed

    Kulsoom, Bibi; Shamsi, Tahir Sultan; Ahmed, Nikhat; Hasnain, Syed Nazrul

    2017-12-01

    To analyse a decade-long pattern of clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia patients and compare it with contemporary data. The retrospective cohort study was conducted at the National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, and comprised of medical record of acute myeloid leukaemia patients from March 2006 to October 2016. Data noted age at presentation, gender, medical history, physical examination, blood and bone marrow investigations such as, haemoglobin levels, blood cell count myeloperoxidase activity, periodic acid-Schiff and reticulin staining as well as final diagnosis. Comparison, where possible, was done with contemporary literature. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis. Of the 626 subjects, 248(39.6%) were females and 378(60.4%) males. The overall mean age was 35.3±17.1 years. The most common age group was 15-40 years with 354(56.5%) patients. The most common subtype was acute myeloid leukaemia with maturation 183(33.6%). Myeloperoxidase activity was positive for the majority of the acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Periodic acid-Schiff test, done on only selected patients, was mostly negative. Reticulin staining was positive for 113(65.3%) patients. The most common presenting complaints were fever 266(71.9%) and weakness 168(45.4%). Mean haemoglobin and red blood cell count were 8.3 ± 2.4 g/dL and 2.9 ± 1.2 1012/L, respectively. Acute myeloid leukaemia was found to be a highly variable disease that presented with non-specific signs and symptoms.

  11. 16 CFR § 1210.12 - Certificate of compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.12 Certificate of... Product Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters (16 CFR 1210),” (2) The name and address of the...

  12. 36 CFR 1210.11 - Pre-award policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... RULES UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Pre-Award Requirements § 1210.11 Pre-award policies... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-award policies. 1210.11...

  13. 21 CFR 862.1210 - Creatine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Creatine test system. 862.1210 Section 862.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Chemistry Test Systems § 862...

  14. 7 CFR 1210.362 - Influencing government action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Influencing government action. 1210.362 Section 1210.362 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING... government action. No funds received by the Board under this Plan shall in any manner be used for the purpose...

  15. 21 CFR 862.1210 - Creatine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Creatine test system. 862.1210 Section 862.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Chemistry Test Systems § 862...

  16. 21 CFR 862.1210 - Creatine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Creatine test system. 862.1210 Section 862.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Chemistry Test Systems § 862...

  17. 21 CFR 862.1210 - Creatine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Creatine test system. 862.1210 Section 862.1210 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Chemistry Test Systems § 862...

  18. Long term survival in children with acute leukaemia and complications requiring mechanical ventilation.

    PubMed

    Steinbach, Daniel; Wilhelm, Bernhard; Kiermaier, Hans-Rudolf; Creutzig, Ursula; Schrappe, Martin; Zimmermann, Martin; Debatin, Klaus-Michael; Gruhn, Bernd; von Stackelberg, Arend; Jürgens, Heribert; Strahm, Brigitte; Reinhardt, Dirk; Möricke, Anja

    2011-11-01

    Previous reports have indicated that the short term prognosis for patients with malignant diseases and serious adverse events requiring mechanical ventilation (SAEV) is improving. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these patients can be cured of malignant disease or whether they survive SAEV only to subsequently relapse. The authors report the outcome of children with SAEV treated in the multicentre studies ALL-BFM 95 and AML-BFM 98. Data from 1182 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 334 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were analysed. 88 patients (51 ALL and 37 AML) developed SAEV. The prognosis was almost identical in ALL and AML patients (survival of SAEV patients: 48%, 95% CI 38% to 58%; overall survival after 5 years: 31%, 95% CI 21% to 41%). Prognosis was independent of the time between leukaemia diagnosis and SAEV. Approximately 20% of children who required haemodialysis (n=14) or cardiac resuscitation (n=16) achieved long term survival, but no patient who fulfilled more than three of six identified risk factors (age ≥10 years, high risk leukaemia, C reactive protein ≥150 mg/l, administration of inotropic infusion, cardiac resuscitation and haemodialysis) survived (n=16; 0%, 95% CI 0% to 20%). Intensive care improves the short and long term survival of children with leukaemia. 64% (95% CI 50% to 78%) of children with acute leukaemia who survived SAEV achieved long term survival. Prognosis mainly depends on age and leukaemia risk group.

  19. Indoor radon and childhood leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

    2008-01-01

    This paper summarises the epidemiological literature on domestic exposure to radon and risk for childhood leukaemia. The results of 12 ecological studies show a consistent pattern of higher incidence and mortality rates for childhood leukaemia in areas with higher average indoor radon concentrations. Although the results of such studies are useful to generate hypotheses, they must be interpreted with caution, as the data were aggregated and analysed for geographical areas and not for individuals. The seven available case-control studies of childhood leukaemia with measurement of radon concentrations in the residences of cases and controls gave mixed results, however, with some indication of a weak (relative risk < 2) association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The epidemiological evidence to date suggests that an association between indoor exposure to radon and childhood leukaemia might exist, but is weak. More case-control studies are needed, with sufficient statistical power to detect weak associations and based on designs and methods that minimise misclassification of exposure and provide a high participation rate and low potential selection bias.

  20. 7 CFR 1210.540 - OMB assigned numbers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false OMB assigned numbers. 1210.540 Section 1210.540 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... Management and Budget (OMB) under the provisions of 44 U.S.C. chapter 35 and have been assigned OMB Control...

  1. 42 CFR 493.1210 - Condition: Routine chemistry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Condition: Routine chemistry. 493.1210 Section 493....1210 Condition: Routine chemistry. If the laboratory provides services in the subspecialty of Routine chemistry, the laboratory must meet the requirements specified in §§ 493.1230 through 493.1256, § 493.1267...

  2. 40 CFR 721.1210 - Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. 721.1210... Substances § 721.1210 Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)- (PMN P-87-1471) is subject to...

  3. 40 CFR 721.1210 - Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. 721.1210... Substances § 721.1210 Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)- (PMN P-87-1471) is subject to...

  4. 40 CFR 721.1210 - Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. 721.1210... Substances § 721.1210 Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)- (PMN P-87-1471) is subject to...

  5. 40 CFR 721.1210 - Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. 721.1210... Substances § 721.1210 Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)- (PMN P-87-1471) is subject to...

  6. 40 CFR 721.1210 - Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. 721.1210... Substances § 721.1210 Benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)-. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzene, (2-chloroethoxy)- (PMN P-87-1471) is subject to...

  7. 42 CFR 493.1210 - Condition: Routine chemistry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Condition: Routine chemistry. 493.1210 Section 493....1210 Condition: Routine chemistry. If the laboratory provides services in the subspecialty of Routine chemistry, the laboratory must meet the requirements specified in §§ 493.1230 through 493.1256, § 493.1267...

  8. 42 CFR 493.1210 - Condition: Routine chemistry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Condition: Routine chemistry. 493.1210 Section 493....1210 Condition: Routine chemistry. If the laboratory provides services in the subspecialty of Routine chemistry, the laboratory must meet the requirements specified in §§ 493.1230 through 493.1256, § 493.1267...

  9. 42 CFR 493.1210 - Condition: Routine chemistry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Condition: Routine chemistry. 493.1210 Section 493....1210 Condition: Routine chemistry. If the laboratory provides services in the subspecialty of Routine chemistry, the laboratory must meet the requirements specified in §§ 493.1230 through 493.1256, § 493.1267...

  10. 42 CFR 493.1210 - Condition: Routine chemistry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Condition: Routine chemistry. 493.1210 Section 493....1210 Condition: Routine chemistry. If the laboratory provides services in the subspecialty of Routine chemistry, the laboratory must meet the requirements specified in §§ 493.1230 through 493.1256, § 493.1267...

  11. 36 CFR 1210.20 - Purpose of financial and program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Financial and Program Management § 1210.20 Purpose of financial and program management. Sections 1210.21 through 1210.28 prescribe standards for financial management systems, methods for making payments and... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose of financial and...

  12. Surgery in Management of Patients with Leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    Spiers, A. S. D.

    1973-01-01

    Though leukaemia is not a “surgical” disease, the need for surgery in patients with leukaemia is increasing. Acute surgical problems in such patients present diagnostic difficulties, and accepted surgical principles do not necessarily apply in patients with very abnormal haematological and immunological features. The improved prognosis in some types of leukaemia means that elective surgical procedures, which formerly would not have been considered, may now be applicable just as they would be in patients with non-malignant conditions. Recent advances in the management of the leukaemias include several surgical procedures—for example, to facilitate intravenous or intrathecal therapy. Splenectomy is of value in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia when the correct indications are present, while early elective splenectomy, when no classical indications are present, may have a useful role in the management of patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID:4517729

  13. Gingival enlargement in a pregnant woman with acute monocytic leukaemia: a case report.

    PubMed

    Fu, Y-W; Xu, H-Z

    2017-09-01

    The objective of the present study was to report the case of a pregnant woman with severe gingival enlargement for 3 months with undiagnosed acute leukaemia. The pregnant woman presented with anaemia and generalized gingival enlargement. A provisional diagnosis of gingival enlargement in pregnancy was made. Twelve days after the initial treatment, the patient was referred and admitted to the haematology department of a local hospital with clinical signs of anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Blood count showed a white blood cell count of 9.68 × 10 9 /L, with a haemoglobin count of 64.0 g/L and a platelet count of 17 × 10 9 /L. Bone marrow aspiration showed 94.5% monoblasts, and the morphological diagnosis was acute monocytic leukaemia. One day after admission, the patient delivered a male infant by Caesarean section. Ten days after the Caesarean section, the patient was started on a course of chemotherapy. Pulmonary infection, hypokalaemia, and respiratory failure developed, and the patient died 23 days after the Caesarean section. The present case shows the importance of awareness of severe gingival enlargement as an initial oral sign of acute leukaemia. © 2017 Australian Dental Association.

  14. 36 CFR § 1210.24 - Program income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Program income. § 1210.24 Section § 1210.24 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION.... However, Patent and Trademark Amendments (35 U.S.C. 18) apply to inventions made under an experimental...

  15. Pattern of childhood leukaemia in University College Hospital, Ibadan.

    PubMed

    Babatunde, T O; Ogun, G O; Brown, B J; Akang, E E; Aken'Ova, Y A

    2014-06-01

    Leukaemias are haematological malignancies characterized by unregulated clonal proliferation of haematopoietic cells. To determine the pattern of childhood leukaemia in Ibadan. This was a retrospective study of leukaemia cases diagnosed at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan between January 1991 and December 2010 in children less than 15 years of age. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. There were 64 cases of childhood leukaemia, accounting for 10.2% of childhood cancers seen during this study period. The male to female ratio was 2:1 and modal age group was between 10 and 14 years. Thirty (46.9%) cases were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 22 (34.4%) were acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and 12 (18.8%) were unspecified acute leukaemias. There was no case of chronic myeloid or lymphocytic leukaemia. There has been a relative increase in the frequency of leukaemia cases at UCH, Ibadan, which may be largely explained by increased awareness and referrals. There is a need for further collaborative multicentre studies of childhood leukaemias in Nigeria and other developing countries and focused research on childhood leukaemias in order to unravel the aetiology.

  16. The effects of 6-mercaptopurine nucleotide derivatives on the growth and survival of 6-mercaptopurine-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines.

    PubMed

    Johnston, H P; Hawley, P; White, S E; Gibson, I; Tidd, D M

    1985-04-01

    6-Mercaptopurine (MP)-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines were used to further characterize the apparent ability of MP nucleotide derivatives to overcome resistance to the parent drug. 6-Mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside 5'-monophosphate [MPRP], bis(6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'-monophosphate [bis(MPR)P], bis(O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'-monophosphate [bis(dibut.MPR)P], and O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside 5'-monophosphate [dibut.MPRP] were tested for cytotoxic and/or growth inhibitory effects against MP-resistant sublines of V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CH/TG) and L1210 mouse leukaemia cells (L1210/MPR) in which deficiencies of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and hence drug nucleotide forming capacity were the basis of resistance. L1210/MPR cells were totally resistant to 1 mM 6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside [MPR] and 2 mM MPRP, but were inhibited by high concentrations (greater than 0.25 mM) of bis(MPR)P. These results suggested that bis(MPR)P was taken up by cells as the intact molecule since MPR and MPRP were its extracellular breakdown products. L1210/MPR cells were much more sensitive to the lipophilic bis(dibut.MPR)P derivative which had a predominantly cytotoxic action as judged by trypan blue staining and the ability of treated cells to produce macroscopic colonies in soft agar medium. However, cells killed by bis(dibut.MPR)P did not disintegrate appreciably over periods of up to 10 days. The effects of bis(dibut.MPR)P were probably the result of cellular uptake of the intact molecule. Dibut.MPRP showed minimal ability to inhibit L1210/MPR cells although this compound was a possible breakdown product of bis(dibut.MPR)P and a source of the same extracellular degradation products. The median cell size decreased in L1210/MPR cultures during exposure to both bis(MPR)P and bis(dibut.MPR)P. This effect was elicited more rapidly and

  17. The effects of 6-mercaptopurine nucleotide derivatives on the growth and survival of 6-mercaptopurine-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines.

    PubMed Central

    Johnston, H. P.; Hawley, P.; White, S. E.; Gibson, I.; Tidd, D. M.

    1985-01-01

    6-Mercaptopurine (MP)-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines were used to further characterize the apparent ability of MP nucleotide derivatives to overcome resistance to the parent drug. 6-Mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside 5'-monophosphate [MPRP], bis(6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'-monophosphate [bis(MPR)P], bis(O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'-monophosphate [bis(dibut.MPR)P], and O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside 5'-monophosphate [dibut.MPRP] were tested for cytotoxic and/or growth inhibitory effects against MP-resistant sublines of V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CH/TG) and L1210 mouse leukaemia cells (L1210/MPR) in which deficiencies of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and hence drug nucleotide forming capacity were the basis of resistance. L1210/MPR cells were totally resistant to 1 mM 6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside [MPR] and 2 mM MPRP, but were inhibited by high concentrations (greater than 0.25 mM) of bis(MPR)P. These results suggested that bis(MPR)P was taken up by cells as the intact molecule since MPR and MPRP were its extracellular breakdown products. L1210/MPR cells were much more sensitive to the lipophilic bis(dibut.MPR)P derivative which had a predominantly cytotoxic action as judged by trypan blue staining and the ability of treated cells to produce macroscopic colonies in soft agar medium. However, cells killed by bis(dibut.MPR)P did not disintegrate appreciably over periods of up to 10 days. The effects of bis(dibut.MPR)P were probably the result of cellular uptake of the intact molecule. Dibut.MPRP showed minimal ability to inhibit L1210/MPR cells although this compound was a possible breakdown product of bis(dibut.MPR)P and a source of the same extracellular degradation products. The median cell size decreased in L1210/MPR cultures during exposure to both bis(MPR)P and bis(dibut.MPR)P. This effect was elicited more rapidly and

  18. 21 CFR 1210.25 - Permits for pasteurized milk or cream.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Permits for pasteurized milk or cream. 1210.25 Section 1210.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.25 Permits for pasteurized milk or cream...

  19. 21 CFR 1210.25 - Permits for pasteurized milk or cream.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permits for pasteurized milk or cream. 1210.25 Section 1210.25 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.25 Permits for pasteurized milk or cream...

  20. 45 CFR 1210.3-8 - Termination file and Examiner's report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Termination file and Examiner's report. 1210.3-8 Section 1210.3-8 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-8...

  1. 7 CFR 1210.505 - Department of Agriculture costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Department of Agriculture costs. 1210.505 Section 1210.505 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.505 - Department of Agriculture costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Department of Agriculture costs. 1210.505 Section 1210.505 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  3. 7 CFR 1210.505 - Department of Agriculture costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Department of Agriculture costs. 1210.505 Section 1210.505 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  4. 7 CFR 1210.505 - Department of Agriculture costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Department of Agriculture costs. 1210.505 Section 1210.505 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  5. 7 CFR 1210.505 - Department of Agriculture costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Department of Agriculture costs. 1210.505 Section 1210.505 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  6. Different efflux rates may determine the cellular accumulation of various bis(guanylhydrazones).

    PubMed Central

    Alhonen-Hongisto, L; Fagerström, R; Laine, R; Elo, H; Jänne, J

    1984-01-01

    Three bis(guanylhydrazones) (those of methylglyoxal, glyoxal and ethylglyoxal) were compared for their affinity for the putative polyamine carrier and for their cellular retention in L1210 mouse leukaemia cells. All the bis(guanylhydrazones) inhibited equally effectively the uptake of spermidine by the tumour cells, indicating that the compounds had roughly equal affinity for the polyamine carrier. The fact that methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) were much more effectively concentrated in the animal cells than was ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was obviously attributable to the finding that the efflux rate of ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) greatly exceeded that of the other bis(guanylhydrazones). The rate of efflux of the drugs was slowed down if the tumour cells were treated with 2-difluoromethylornithine before exposure to the bis(guanylhydrazones). These results suggest that intracellular binding of the bis(guanylhydrazones) determines their cellular accumulation. PMID:6431972

  7. 5 CFR 890.1210 - Reconsideration and appeal rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reconsideration and appeal rights. 890.1210 Section 890.1210 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Benefits for United States Hostages in Iraq...

  8. 5 CFR 890.1210 - Reconsideration and appeal rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reconsideration and appeal rights. 890.1210 Section 890.1210 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM Benefits for United States Hostages in Iraq...

  9. Secondary pure erythroid leukaemia in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: lineage switch or chemotherapy effect?

    PubMed

    Gupta, Sanjeev Kumar; Kumar, Rajive; Chharchhodawala, Taher; Kumar, Lalit

    2014-05-19

    Pure erythroid leukaemia is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and its occurrence at acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) relapse has not been reported earlier. A 39-year-old man received chemotherapy for Philadelphia-negative B cell ALL. Subsequently, he developed pure erythroid leukaemia with >80% immature erythroid precursors in bone marrow showing block positivity on periodic acid-Schiff stain, expressing CD71, CD34 but lacking CD235a. The interval between exposure to multidrug chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide and AML diagnosis was 2 years and 9 months. No cytogenetic abnormality was detected at the time of relapse. The patient died 2 weeks after starting AML chemotherapy. The relatively narrow time interval (usually 5-10 years) between chemotherapy and AML development and normal karyotype at relapse raises a possibility of lineage switch besides therapy-related AML as the likely pathogenesis. Further exploration of such cases may unravel the pathways responsible for lineage assignment in pluripotent stem cells. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

  10. Radon and monocytic leukaemia in England.

    PubMed

    Eatough, J P; Henshaw, D L

    1993-12-01

    The relationship between the standardised registration ratio (SRR) for monocytic leukaemia and the radon concentration by county in England was investigated. Leukaemia data were obtained from the OPCS and cover the age range 0-74 years and the period 1975-86. Radon concentrations were obtained from a recent National Radiological Protection Board report. A significant correlation was observed between the SRR for monocytic leukaemia and the radon concentration by county.

  11. Klinefelter syndrome and acute basophilic leukaemia--case report.

    PubMed

    Ljubić, Nives; Lang, Nada; Skelin, Ika Kardum; Lasan, Ruzica; Dominis, Mara; Perković, Leila; Zupanić-Krmek, Dubraka; Grgurević-Batinica, Anita

    2010-06-01

    Patients with 47, XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome) appear to have increased risk of developing cancer, especially male breast cancer, germ cell tumours and non Hodgkin lymphomas, but rarely acute myeloid leukaemia. We report a patient with acute basophilic leukaemia with 47, XXY karyotype in both the tumour and constitutional cells. Acute basophilic leukaemia is very rare disease comprising less than 1% of all acute myeloid leukaemias. Morphological characteristic of leukaemic blast cells is moderately basophilic cytoplasm containing a variable number of coarse basophilic granules. The most characteristic cytochemical reaction is metachromatic positivity with toluidine blue. Blast are myeloperoxidase negative. Also leukemic blasts express myeloid and monocyte markers. There is no consistent chromosomal abnormality identified in this leukaemia. This is the first reported case of acute basophilic leukaemia in patient with Klinefelter syndrome. In this article the medical history of the patient is given and the possible connection between Klinefelter syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia is discussed.

  12. 5 CFR 831.1210 - Annuity rights after a disability annuity terminates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Annuity rights after a disability annuity terminates. 831.1210 Section 831.1210 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Disability Retirement § 831.1210 Annuity rights after a...

  13. 5 CFR 831.1210 - Annuity rights after a disability annuity terminates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Annuity rights after a disability annuity terminates. 831.1210 Section 831.1210 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Disability Retirement § 831.1210 Annuity rights after a...

  14. 45 CFR 156.1210 - Confirmation of HHS payment and collections reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... reports. 156.1210 Section 156.1210 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS HEALTH INSURANCE ISSUER STANDARDS UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, INCLUDING STANDARDS RELATED TO EXCHANGES Qualified Health Plan Issuer Responsibilities § 156.1210 Confirmation of HHS...

  15. 21 CFR 1210.26 - Permits for raw milk or cream.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Permits for raw milk or cream. 1210.26 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.26 Permits for raw milk or cream. Except as provided in § 1210.27, permits to ship or transport raw milk or cream into the United States will be granted only...

  16. 21 CFR 1210.26 - Permits for raw milk or cream.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Permits for raw milk or cream. 1210.26 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.26 Permits for raw milk or cream. Except as provided in § 1210.27, permits to ship or transport raw milk or cream into the United States will be granted only...

  17. 36 CFR 1210.45 - Cost and price analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cost and price analysis. 1210.45 Section 1210.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION... in various ways, including the comparison of price quotations submitted, market prices and similar...

  18. Radon and monocytic leukaemia in England.

    PubMed Central

    Eatough, J P; Henshaw, D L

    1993-01-01

    The relationship between the standardised registration ratio (SRR) for monocytic leukaemia and the radon concentration by county in England was investigated. Leukaemia data were obtained from the OPCS and cover the age range 0-74 years and the period 1975-86. Radon concentrations were obtained from a recent National Radiological Protection Board report. A significant correlation was observed between the SRR for monocytic leukaemia and the radon concentration by county. PMID:8120509

  19. 40 CFR 60.1210 - What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... subpart? 60.1210 Section 60.1210 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced After June 6, 2001 Emission Limits § 60.1210 What pollutants are.... (1) Hydrogen chloride. (2) Nitrogen oxides. (3) Sulfur dioxide. (d) Other. (1) Carbon monoxide. (2...

  20. 40 CFR 60.1210 - What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... subpart? 60.1210 Section 60.1210 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced After June 6, 2001 Emission Limits § 60.1210 What pollutants are.... (1) Hydrogen chloride. (2) Nitrogen oxides. (3) Sulfur dioxide. (d) Other. (1) Carbon monoxide. (2...

  1. 7 CFR 1210.516 - Exemption for organic watermelons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exemption for organic watermelons. 1210.516 Section... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1210.516 Exemption for organic watermelons. (a) A producer who produces only products that are eligible to be labeled as 100 percent organic...

  2. 30 CFR 1210.352 - Special forms and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special forms and reports. 1210.352 Section 1210.352 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 and other applicable laws. [56 FR 57286, Nov...

  3. 30 CFR 1210.352 - Special forms and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special forms and reports. 1210.352 Section 1210.352 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 and other applicable laws. [56 FR 57286, Nov...

  4. 30 CFR 1210.352 - Special forms and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special forms and reports. 1210.352 Section 1210.352 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 and other applicable laws. [56 FR 57286, Nov...

  5. 21 CFR 1210.15 - Pasteurization; equipment and methods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Section 1210.15 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.15 Pasteurization; equipment and methods. All dairy farms and plants at which any milk or cream is pasteurized for shipment or transportation...

  6. 21 CFR 1210.15 - Pasteurization; equipment and methods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Section 1210.15 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.15 Pasteurization; equipment and methods. All dairy farms and plants at which any milk or cream is pasteurized for shipment or transportation...

  7. 7 CFR 1210.516 - Exemption for organic watermelons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exemption for organic watermelons. 1210.516 Section... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1210.516 Exemption for organic watermelons. (a) A producer who produces only products that are eligible to be labeled as 100 percent organic...

  8. 7 CFR 1210.516 - Exemption for organic watermelons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Exemption for organic watermelons. 1210.516 Section... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1210.516 Exemption for organic watermelons. (a) A producer who produces only products that are eligible to be labeled as 100 percent organic...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.516 - Exemption for organic watermelons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Exemption for organic watermelons. 1210.516 Section... RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Assessments § 1210.516 Exemption for organic watermelons. (a) A producer who produces only products that are eligible to be labeled as 100 percent organic...

  10. Chronic myelocytic leukaemia with unusual (27 years) complete remission terminating in acute undifferentiated leukaemia: a clinical and karyotypic study.

    PubMed

    Najean, Y; Miclea, M; Tanzer, J; Lessard, M; Sigaux, F

    1991-07-01

    A case of clinically typical CML (300 x 10(6)/l leukocytes, 400 x 10(6)/l platelets, splenomegaly) is presented. After complete remission induced by busulphan, no clinical or haematological abnormalities were observed for 27 years until the development of acute leukaemia (type M1), which was rapidly fatal after a brief chemotherapy-induced remission. The cytogenetic findings were also original: no chromosome Ph1 (during remission 3 years after the onset of the disease), no translocation (banding study 5 years later), and no bcr/abl rearrangement (during the terminal phase).

  11. 18 CFR 12.10 - Reporting safety-related incidents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...-related incidents. 12.10 Section 12.10 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL POWER ACT SAFETY OF WATER POWER PROJECTS AND... providing a copy of a clipping from a newspaper article, if available. (4) For the purposes of this...

  12. 36 CFR 1210.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... 1210.23 Section 1210.23 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS... records at the time of donation. (2) The current fair market value. However, when there is sufficient justification, the NHPRC may approve the use of the current fair market value of the donated property, even if...

  13. 40 CFR 63.1210 - What are the notification requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...? 63.1210 Section 63.1210 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors Notification...

  14. 40 CFR 63.1210 - What are the notification requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...? 63.1210 Section 63.1210 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors Notification...

  15. Vaccination history and risk of childhood leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Ma, Xiaomei; Does, Monique B; Metayer, Catherine; Russo, Carolyn; Wong, Alan; Buffler, Patricia A

    2005-10-01

    Previous studies on vaccination and childhood leukaemia generated inconsistent results. In the Northern California Childhood Leukaemia Study, a case-control study with incident cases and matched birth certificate controls, detailed written vaccination records were collected. A total of 323 cases aged 0-14 years at diagnosis and 409 controls were included in this analysis. All vaccinations were censored on the reference date (date of diagnosis for cases and the corresponding date for matched controls). Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for potential confounding factors. A primary variable of interest is the number of administrations (doses) of various types of vaccines. Vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, and rubella were not associated with the risk of leukaemia. The odds ratio for each dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was 0.81 (95% CI 0.68-0.96). Compared with children who received two or fewer doses of Hib vaccine, those who received three or more doses had a significantly reduced risk of childhood leukaemia (odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.94). The number of doses of hepatitis B vaccine received was not associated with leukaemia risk. Hib vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of childhood leukaemia. Future studies with detailed exposure assessment and large sample sizes are needed to further address the role of vaccinations in the etiology of childhood leukaemia.

  16. 21 CFR 1210.14 - Sanitary inspection of plants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 1210.14 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.14 Sanitary inspection of plants. The sanitary conditions of any plant handling milk or cream any part of which is to be shipped or transported into the...

  17. 7 CFR 1210.365 - Effect of termination or amendment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect of termination or amendment. 1210.365 Section 1210.365 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON...

  18. Acute myeloid/T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (AMTL): a distinct category of acute leukaemias with common pathogenesis in need of improved therapy.

    PubMed

    Gutierrez, Alejandro; Kentsis, Alex

    2018-03-01

    Advances in the classification of acute leukaemias have led to improved outcomes for a substantial fraction of patients. However, chemotherapy resistance remains a major problem for specific subsets of acute leukaemias. Here, we propose that a molecularly distinct subtype of acute leukaemia with shared myeloid and T cell lymphoblastic features, which we term acute myeloid/T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (AMTL), is divided across 3 diagnostic categories owing to variable expression of markers deemed to be defining of myeloid and T-lymphoid lineages, such as myeloperoxidase and CD3. This proposed diagnostic group is supported by (i) retained myeloid differentiation potential during early T cell lymphoid development, (ii) recognition that some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) harbour hallmarks of T cell development, such as T-cell receptor gene rearrangements and (iii) common gene mutations in subsets of AML and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), including WT1, PHF6, RUNX1 and BCL11B. This proposed diagnostic entity overlaps with early T cell precursor (ETP) T-ALL and T cell/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukaemias (MPALs), and also includes a subset of leukaemias currently classified as AML with features of T-lymphoblastic development. The proposed classification of AMTL as a distinct entity would enable more precise prospective diagnosis and permit the development of improved therapies for patients whose treatment is inadequate with current approaches. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. 21 CFR 1210.14 - Sanitary inspection of plants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sanitary inspection of plants. 1210.14 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.14 Sanitary inspection of plants. The sanitary conditions of any plant handling milk or cream any part of which is to be shipped or transported into the...

  20. 21 CFR 1210.14 - Sanitary inspection of plants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sanitary inspection of plants. 1210.14 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.14 Sanitary inspection of plants. The sanitary conditions of any plant handling milk or cream any part of which is to be shipped or transported into the...

  1. 21 CFR 1210.14 - Sanitary inspection of plants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sanitary inspection of plants. 1210.14 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.14 Sanitary inspection of plants. The sanitary conditions of any plant handling milk or cream any part of which is to be shipped or transported into the...

  2. 21 CFR 1210.14 - Sanitary inspection of plants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sanitary inspection of plants. 1210.14 Section... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.14 Sanitary inspection of plants. The sanitary conditions of any plant handling milk or cream any part of which is to be shipped or transported into the...

  3. Nonstructural Protein L* Species Specificity Supports a Mouse Origin for Vilyuisk Human Encephalitis Virus.

    PubMed

    Drappier, Melissa; Opperdoes, Fred R; Michiels, Thomas

    2017-07-15

    Vilyuisk human encephalitis virus (VHEV) is a picornavirus related to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). VHEV was isolated from human material passaged in mice. Whether this VHEV is of human or mouse origin is therefore unclear. We took advantage of the species-specific activity of the nonstructural L* protein of theiloviruses to track the origin of TMEV isolates. TMEV L* inhibits RNase L, the effector enzyme of the interferon pathway. By using coimmunoprecipitation and functional RNase L assays, the species specificity of RNase L antagonism was tested for L* from mouse (DA) and rat (RTV-1) TMEV strains as well as for VHEV. Coimmunoprecipitation and functional assay data confirmed the species specificity of L* activity and showed that L* from rat strain RTV-1 inhibited rat but not mouse or human RNase L. Next, we showed that the VHEV L* protein was phylogenetically related to L* of mouse viruses and that it failed to inhibit human RNase L but readily antagonized mouse RNase L, unambiguously showing the mouse origin of VHEV. IMPORTANCE Defining the natural host of a virus can be a thorny issue, especially when the virus was isolated only once or when the isolation story is complex. The species Theilovirus includes Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), infecting mice and rats, and Saffold virus (SAFV), infecting humans. One TMEV strain, Vilyuisk human encephalitis virus (VHEV), however, was isolated from mice that were inoculated with cerebrospinal fluid of a patient presenting with chronic encephalitis. It is therefore unclear whether VHEV was derived from the human sample or from the inoculated mouse. The L* protein encoded by TMEV inhibits RNase L, a cellular enzyme involved in innate immunity, in a species-specific manner. Using binding and functional assays, we show that this species specificity even allows discrimination between TMEV strains of mouse and of rat origins. The VHEV L* protein clearly inhibited mouse but not human RNase L

  4. 30 CFR 1210.40 - Will ONRR keep the information I provide confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.40 Section 1210.40 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.40 Will ONRR keep the... to the extent permitted by law as specified at 43 CFR part 2. ...

  5. 30 CFR 1210.40 - Will ONRR keep the information I provide confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.40 Section 1210.40 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.40 Will ONRR keep the... to the extent permitted by law as specified at 43 CFR part 2. ...

  6. 30 CFR 1210.40 - Will ONRR keep the information I provide confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.40 Section 1210.40 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.40 Will ONRR keep the... to the extent permitted by law as specified at 43 CFR part 2. ...

  7. 7 CFR 1210.307 - Handle.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.307 Handle. Handle means to grade, pack...

  8. 7 CFR 1210.307 - Handle.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.307 Handle. Handle means to grade, pack...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.307 - Handle.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.307 Handle. Handle means to grade, pack...

  10. 7 CFR 1210.307 - Handle.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.307 Handle. Handle means to grade, pack...

  11. Potentiating action of 5-fluorouracil when used in combination with platinium compounds and cyclophosphamide in treatment of advanced L1210 leukemia.

    PubMed

    Gale, G R; Atkins, L M; Schwartz, P; Meischen, S J

    1978-01-01

    Nine new organoplatinum (Pt) compounds, cyclophosphamide (CY), and 5-fluorouracil (FU) were used singly and in combination in treatment of advanced L1210 leukemia in C57BL/6 X DBA/2 hybrid mice. In each experiment the Pt + CY dual combination was minimally supra-additive at the doses chosen. However, eight of the nine Pt + CY + FU combination regimens enhanced markedly the increased life span of treated mice as compared with the corresponding dual Pt + CY combination. Collectively, the cure rate (greater than 60-day survival) was less than 6% with the various Pt + CY combinations, and was increased to over 63% upon inclusion of FU in the regimens.

  12. Effective control of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia progression by telomerase specific adoptive T-cell therapy.

    PubMed

    Sandri, Sara; De Sanctis, Francesco; Lamolinara, Alessia; Boschi, Federico; Poffe, Ornella; Trovato, Rosalinda; Fiore, Alessandra; Sartori, Sara; Sbarbati, Andrea; Bondanza, Attilio; Cesaro, Simone; Krampera, Mauro; Scupoli, Maria T; Nishimura, Michael I; Iezzi, Manuela; Sartoris, Silvia; Bronte, Vincenzo; Ugel, Stefano

    2017-10-20

    Telomerase (TERT) is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that preserves the molecular organization at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Since TERT deregulation is a common step in leukaemia, treatments targeting telomerase might be useful for the therapy of hematologic malignancies. Despite a large spectrum of potential drugs, their bench-to-bedside translation is quite limited, with only a therapeutic vaccine in the clinic and a telomerase inhibitor at late stage of preclinical validation. We recently demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of T cell transduced with an HLA-A2-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR), which recognize human TERT with high avidity, controls human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) progression without severe side-effects in humanized mice. In the present report, we show the ability of our approach to limit the progression of more aggressive leukemic pathologies, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Together, our findings demonstrate that TERT-based adoptive cell therapy is a concrete platform of T cell-mediated immunotherapy for leukaemia treatment.

  13. Effective control of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia progression by telomerase specific adoptive T-cell therapy

    PubMed Central

    Lamolinara, Alessia; Boschi, Federico; Poffe, Ornella; Trovato, Rosalinda; Fiore, Alessandra; Sartori, Sara; Sbarbati, Andrea; Bondanza, Attilio; Cesaro, Simone; Krampera, Mauro; Scupoli, Maria T.; Nishimura, Michael I.; Iezzi, Manuela; Sartoris, Silvia; Bronte, Vincenzo; Ugel, Stefano

    2017-01-01

    Telomerase (TERT) is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that preserves the molecular organization at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Since TERT deregulation is a common step in leukaemia, treatments targeting telomerase might be useful for the therapy of hematologic malignancies. Despite a large spectrum of potential drugs, their bench-to-bedside translation is quite limited, with only a therapeutic vaccine in the clinic and a telomerase inhibitor at late stage of preclinical validation. We recently demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of T cell transduced with an HLA-A2-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR), which recognize human TERT with high avidity, controls human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) progression without severe side-effects in humanized mice. In the present report, we show the ability of our approach to limit the progression of more aggressive leukemic pathologies, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Together, our findings demonstrate that TERT-based adoptive cell therapy is a concrete platform of T cell-mediated immunotherapy for leukaemia treatment. PMID:29152058

  14. Behavior of a cloned murine interferon alpha/beta receptor expressed in homospecific or heterospecific background.

    PubMed

    Uzé, G; Lutfalla, G; Bandu, M T; Proudhon, D; Mogensen, K E

    1992-05-15

    A murine interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor was cloned from the IFN-sensitive L1210 cell line on the basis of its homology with the human receptor. A combination of methods that includes the screening of random-primed and oligo(dT)-primed cDNA libraries and polymerase chain reactions with a single-side specificity was used. At the amino acid level, the murine IFN-alpha/beta shows 46% identity with its human counterpart. Both human WISH cells presenting a low sensitivity to mouse IFN and a murine L1210 mutant subline that does not express the receptor have been stably transfected with the murine IFN-alpha/beta receptor. Whereas transfected human cells became sensitive to a limited number of mouse IFN-alpha/beta subtypes, the transfected murine L1210 mutant was found to be fully complemented and became sensitive to all mouse IFN-alpha/beta subtypes tested, including those that were not active on transfected human cells. These results strongly suggest that the receptor described here is implicated in the mediation of the activities of all murine IFN-alpha/beta subtypes.

  15. 30 CFR 1210.51 - Who must submit royalty reports?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Who must submit royalty reports? 1210.51 Section 1210.51 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources...

  16. 7 CFR 1210.310 - Fiscal period and marketing year.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fiscal period and marketing year. 1210.310 Section 1210.310 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon...

  17. 7 CFR 1210.532 - Confidential books, records, and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Confidential books, records, and reports. 1210.532... WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Records § 1210.532 Confidential books, records, and reports. All information obtained from the books, records, and reports of handlers and importers...

  18. 7 CFR 1210.532 - Confidential books, records, and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Confidential books, records, and reports. 1210.532... WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Records § 1210.532 Confidential books, records, and reports. All information obtained from the books, records, and reports of handlers and importers...

  19. 7 CFR 1210.532 - Confidential books, records, and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidential books, records, and reports. 1210.532... WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Records § 1210.532 Confidential books, records, and reports. All information obtained from the books, records, and reports of handlers and importers...

  20. 7 CFR 1210.532 - Confidential books, records, and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Confidential books, records, and reports. 1210.532... WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Records § 1210.532 Confidential books, records, and reports. All information obtained from the books, records, and reports of handlers and importers...

  1. 7 CFR 1210.532 - Confidential books, records, and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Confidential books, records, and reports. 1210.532... WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Rules and Regulations Records § 1210.532 Confidential books, records, and reports. All information obtained from the books, records, and reports of handlers and importers...

  2. Magnetic fields and leukaemia risks in UK electricity supply workers.

    PubMed

    Sorahan, T

    2014-04-01

    To investigate whether leukaemia risks are related to occupational exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields. Leukaemia risks experienced by 73 051 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales were investigated for the period 1973-2010. All employees were hired in the period 1952-82 and were employed for at least 6 months with some employment in the period 1973-82. Detailed calculations had been performed by others to enable an assessment to be made of exposures to magnetic fields. Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks (rate ratios) of developing leukaemia or leukaemia subtypes for categories of lifetime, distant (lagged) and recent (lugged) exposure. Findings for all leukaemias combined were unexceptional; risks were close to unity for all exposure categories and there was no suggestion of risks increasing with cumulative (or recent or distant) magnetic field exposures. There were no statistically significant dose-response effects shown for acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. There was a significant positive trend for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), but this was based, in the main, on unusually low risks in the lowest exposure category. This study found no convincing evidence to support the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields is a risk factor for leukaemia, and the findings are consistent with the hypotheses that both distant and recent magnetic field exposures are not causally related to the generality of leukaemia. The limited positive findings for ALL may well be chance findings.

  3. Radon exposure and leukaemia in adulthood.

    PubMed

    Viel, J F

    1993-08-01

    Positive associations between leukaemia and radon concentrations have been observed in England, Scotland and Wales, and Canada. Results of a similar study for the populations of 41 French administrative areas ('départements') are reported for 1984-1986. The average indoor radon and gamma ray concentrations per 'département' range from 12 to 147 Bq.m-3 and from 28 to 142 nG.h-1, respectively. Acute lymphoid leukaemia mortality rate is similar to the national level, whereas an excess of acute myeloid leukaemia deaths is observed. According to Poisson regression models and modified tests for partial correlation, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality is significantly and positively related to indoor radon concentration whether or not adjustment is made for indoor gamma ray dose, socioeconomic status and linear gradient. This result reinforces the evidence that indoor exposure to high levels of radon is a leukaemic environmental hazard.

  4. 21 CFR 1210.10 - Availability for examination and inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....10 Section 1210.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.10 Availability for examination and inspection. Dairy farms and plants from which milk or cream is shipped or transported into the...

  5. 21 CFR 1210.10 - Availability for examination and inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....10 Section 1210.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.10 Availability for examination and inspection. Dairy farms and plants from which milk or cream is shipped or transported into the...

  6. 36 CFR Appendix A to Part 1210 - Contract Provisions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Pt. 1210, App. A Appendix A to Part 1210—Contract Provisions All contracts, awarded by a recipient including small purchases, shall contain the following... not apply to the purchases of supplies or materials or articles ordinarily available on the open...

  7. 16 CFR 1210.11 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.11 General. Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product... certify that their products comply with the Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters. This subpart B...

  8. 25 CFR 11.1210 - Duration and renewal of a regular protection order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Duration and renewal of a regular protection order. 11.1210 Section 11.1210 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Child Protection and Domestic Violence Procedures § 11.1210...

  9. 20 CFR 418.1210 - What is not a major life-changing event?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is not a major life-changing event? 418.1210 Section 418.1210 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION MEDICARE SUBSIDIES Medicare... Adjusted Gross Income § 418.1210 What is not a major life-changing event? We will not consider events other...

  10. 25 CFR 11.1210 - Duration and renewal of a regular protection order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Duration and renewal of a regular protection order. 11.1210 Section 11.1210 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Child Protection and Domestic Violence Procedures § 11.1210...

  11. 20 CFR 418.1210 - What is not a major life-changing event?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What is not a major life-changing event? 418.1210 Section 418.1210 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION MEDICARE SUBSIDIES Medicare... Adjusted Gross Income § 418.1210 What is not a major life-changing event? We will not consider events other...

  12. DNA methylation and targeted sequencing of methyltransferases family genes in canine acute myeloid leukaemia, modelling human myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Bronzini, I; Aresu, L; Paganin, M; Marchioretto, L; Comazzi, S; Cian, F; Riondato, F; Marconato, L; Martini, V; Te Kronnie, G

    2017-09-01

    Tumours shows aberrant DNA methylation patterns, being hypermethylated or hypomethylated compared with normal tissues. In human acute myeloid leukaemia (hAML) mutations in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) are associated to a more aggressive tumour behaviour. As AML is lethal in dogs, we defined global DNA methylation content, and screened the C-terminal domain of DNMT3 family of genes for sequence variants in 39 canine acute myeloid leukaemia (cAML) cases. A heterogeneous pattern of DNA methylation was found among cAML samples, with subsets of cases being hypermethylated or hypomethylated compared with healthy controls; four recurrent single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were found in DNMT3L gene. Although SNVs were not directly correlated to whole genome DNA methylation levels, all hypomethylated cAML cases were homozygous for the deleterious mutation at p.Arg222Trp. This study contributes to understand genetic modifications of cAML, leading up to studies that will elucidate the role of methylome alterations in the pathogenesis of AML in dogs. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  13. 21 CFR 1210.11 - Sanitary inspection of dairy farms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Section 1210.11 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.11 Sanitary inspection of dairy farms. The sanitary conditions of any dairy farm producing milk or cream to be shipped or transported into...

  14. 21 CFR 1210.17 - Authority to sample and inspect.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 1210.17 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.17 Authority to sample and inspect. Inspectors engaged in the enforcement of the Federal Import Milk Act are empowered to test for temperature, to take...

  15. 21 CFR 1210.11 - Sanitary inspection of dairy farms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Section 1210.11 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.11 Sanitary inspection of dairy farms. The sanitary conditions of any dairy farm producing milk or cream to be shipped or transported into...

  16. 21 CFR 1210.17 - Authority to sample and inspect.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 1210.17 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Inspection and Testing § 1210.17 Authority to sample and inspect. Inspectors engaged in the enforcement of the Federal Import Milk Act are empowered to test for temperature, to take...

  17. 16 CFR 1210.20 - Stockpiling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Stockpiling § 1210.20 Stockpiling. (a) Definition. Stockpiling means to... cigarette lighters shall not manufacture or import lighters that do not comply with the requirements of this...

  18. 16 CFR 1210.20 - Stockpiling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Stockpiling § 1210.20 Stockpiling. (a) Definition. Stockpiling means to... cigarette lighters shall not manufacture or import lighters that do not comply with the requirements of this...

  19. Targeting SYK kinase-dependent anti-apoptotic resistance pathway in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells with a potent SYK inhibitory pentapeptide mimic.

    PubMed

    Uckun, Fatih M; Ek, Rauf O; Jan, Shyi-Tai; Chen, Chun-Lin; Qazi, Sanjive

    2010-05-01

    The present study found that the pentapeptide mimic C-61, targeting the substrate binding P-site of SYK tyrosine kinase acted as a potent inducer of apoptosis in chemotherapy-resistant SYK-expressing primary leukemic B-cell precursors taken directly from relapsed B-precursor leukaemia (BPL) patients (but not SYK-deficient infant pro-B leukaemia cells), exhibited favourable pharmacokinetics in mice and non-human primates, and eradicated in vivo clonogenic leukaemia cells in severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenograft models of chemotherapy-resistant human BPL at dose levels non-toxic to mice and non-human primates. These in vitro and in vivo findings provide proof of principle for effective treatment of chemotherapy-resistant BPL by targeting SYK-dependent anti-apoptotic blast cell survival machinery with a SYK P-Site inhibitor. Further development of C-61 may provide the foundation for therapeutic innovation against chemotherapy-resistant BPL.

  20. 45 CFR 1210.4 - Early termination procedures for National Grant Trainees and Volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Trainees and Volunteers. 1210.4 Section 1210.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES National Grant Trainees and Volunteers § 1210.4 Early termination procedures for...

  1. 45 CFR 1210.4 - Early termination procedures for National Grant Trainees and Volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Trainees and Volunteers. 1210.4 Section 1210.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES National Grant Trainees and Volunteers § 1210.4 Early termination procedures for...

  2. 45 CFR 1210.4 - Early termination procedures for National Grant Trainees and Volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Trainees and Volunteers. 1210.4 Section 1210.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES National Grant Trainees and Volunteers § 1210.4 Early termination procedures for...

  3. Geographical variation in the incidence of childhood leukaemia in Manitoba.

    PubMed

    Torabi, Mahmoud; Singh, Harminder; Galloway, Katie; Israels, Sara J

    2015-11-01

    Identification of geographical areas and ecological factors associated with higher incidence of childhood leukaemias can direct further study for preventable factors and location of health services to manage such individuals. The aim of this study was to describe the geographical variation and the socio-demographic factors associated with childhood leukaemia in Manitoba. Information on childhood leukaemia incidence between 1992 and 2008 was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and the socio-demographic characteristics for the area of residence from the 2006 Canadian Census. Bayesian spatial Poisson mixed models were used to describe the geographical variation of childhood leukaemia and to determine the association between childhood leukaemia and socio-demographic factors. The south-eastern part of the province had a higher incidence of childhood leukaemia than other parts of the province. In the age and sex-adjusted Poisson regression models, areas with higher proportions of visible minorities and immigrant residents had higher childhood leukaemia incidence rate ratios. In the saturated Poisson regression model, the childhood leukaemia rates were higher in areas with higher proportions of immigrant residents. Unemployment rates were not a significant factor in leukaemia incidence. In Manitoba, areas with higher proportions of immigrants experience higher incidence rates of childhood leukaemia. We have identified geographical areas with higher incidence, which require further study and attention. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2015 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

  4. 30 CFR 1210.02 - To whom do these regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false To whom do these regulations apply? 1210.02 Section 1210.02 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... regulations, laws, and the lease terms. ...

  5. 30 CFR 1210.02 - To whom do these regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false To whom do these regulations apply? 1210.02 Section 1210.02 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... regulations, laws, and the lease terms. ...

  6. 30 CFR 1210.02 - To whom do these regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false To whom do these regulations apply? 1210.02 Section 1210.02 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL... regulations, laws, and the lease terms. ...

  7. Carfilzomib induces leukaemia cell apoptosis via inhibiting ELK1/KIAA1524 (Elk-1/CIP2A) and activating PP2A not related to proteasome inhibition.

    PubMed

    Liu, Chun-Yu; Hsieh, Feng-Shu; Chu, Pei-Yi; Tsai, Wen-Chun; Huang, Chun-Teng; Yu, Yuan-Bin; Huang, Tzu-Ting; Ko, Po-Shen; Hung, Man-Hsin; Wang, Wan-Lun; Shiau, Chung-Wai; Chen, Kuen-Feng

    2017-06-01

    Enhancing the tumour suppressive activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been suggested to be an anti-leukaemic strategy. KIAA1524 (also termed CIP2A), an oncoprotein inhibiting PP2A, is associated with disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia and may be prognostic in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia. Here we demonstrated that the selective proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, induced apoptosis in sensitive primary leukaemia cells and in sensitive leukaemia cell lines, associated with KIAA1524 protein downregulation, increased PP2A activity and decreased p-Akt, but not with the proteasome inhibition effect of carfilzomib. Ectopic expression of KIAA1524, or pretreatment with the PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, suppressed carfilzomib-induced apoptosis and KIAA1524 downregulation in sensitive cells, whereas co-treatment with the PP2A agonist, forskolin, enhanced carfilzomib-induced apoptosis in resistant cells. Mechanistically, carfilzomib affected KIAA1524 transcription through disturbing ELK1 (Elk-1) binding to the KIAA1524 promoter. Moreover, the drug sensitivity and mechanism of carfilzomib in xenograft mouse models correlated well with the effects of carfilzomib on KIAA1524 and p-Akt expression, as well as PP2A activity. Our data disclosed a novel drug mechanism of carfilzomib in leukaemia cells and suggests the potential therapeutic implication of KIAA1524 in leukaemia treatment. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  8. In Vitro Activity of E1210, a Novel Antifungal, against Clinically Important Yeasts and Molds▿

    PubMed Central

    Miyazaki, Mamiko; Horii, Takaaki; Hata, Katsura; Watanabe, Nao-aki; Nakamoto, Kazutaka; Tanaka, Keigo; Shirotori, Syuji; Murai, Norio; Inoue, Satoshi; Matsukura, Masayuki; Abe, Shinya; Yoshimatsu, Kentaro; Asada, Makoto

    2011-01-01

    E1210 is a new antifungal compound with a novel mechanism of action and broad spectrum of antifungal activity. We investigated the in vitro antifungal activities of E1210 compared to those of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin against clinical fungal isolates. E1210 showed potent activities against most Candida spp. (MIC90 of ≤0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml), except for Candida krusei (MICs of 2 to >32 μg/ml). E1210 showed equally potent activities against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida strains. E1210 also had potent activities against various filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC90 of 0.13 μg/ml). E1210 was also active against Fusarium solani and some black molds. Of note, E1210 showed the greatest activities against Pseudallescheria boydii (MICs of 0.03 to 0.13 μg/ml), Scedosporium prolificans (MIC of 0.03 μg/ml), and Paecilomyces lilacinus (MICs of 0.06 μg/ml) among the compounds tested. The antifungal action of E1210 was fungistatic, but E1210 showed no trailing growth of Candida albicans, which has often been observed with fluconazole. In a cytotoxicity assay using human HK-2 cells, E1210 showed toxicity as low as that of fluconazole. Based on these results, E1210 is likely to be a promising antifungal agent for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. PMID:21825291

  9. Supplementary oxygen and risk of childhood lymphatic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Naumburg, E; Bellocco, R; Cnattingius, S; Jonzon, A; Ekbom, A

    2002-01-01

    Childhood leukaemia has been linked to several factors, such as asphyxia and birthweight, which in turn are related to newborn resuscitation. Based on the findings from a previous study a population-based case-control study was performed to investigate the association between childhood leukaemia and exposure to supplementary oxygen and other birth-related factors. Children born in Sweden and diagnosed with lymphatic leukaemia between 1973 and 1989 (578 cases) were individually matched by gender and date of birth to a randomly selected control. Children with Down's syndrome were excluded. Exposure data were blindly gathered from antenatal, obstetric and other standardized medical records. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Resuscitation with 100% oxygen with a facemask and bag immediately postpartum was significantly associated with an increased risk of childhood lymphatic leukaemia (OR = 2.57, 95% Cl 1.21-6.82). The oxygen-related risk further increased if the manual ventilation lasted for 3 min or more (OR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.16-10.80). Low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were associated with a non-significantly increased risk of lymphatic leukaemia. There were no associations between lymphatic leukaemia and supplementary oxygen later in the neonatal period or other birth-related factors. Resuscitation with 100% oxygen immediately postpartum is associated with childhood lymphatic leukaemia, but further studies are warranted to confirm the findings.

  10. 30 CFR 1210.20 - What if I disagree with the burden hour estimates?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... estimates? 1210.20 Section 1210.20 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.20 What if I disagree with....gov/Laws_R_D/FRNotices/FRInfColl.htm-. Send comments on the accuracy of these burden estimates or...

  11. 30 CFR 1210.20 - What if I disagree with the burden hour estimates?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... estimates? 1210.20 Section 1210.20 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.20 What if I disagree with....gov/Laws_R_D/FRNotices/FRInfColl.htm-. Send comments on the accuracy of these burden estimates or...

  12. 30 CFR 1210.20 - What if I disagree with the burden hour estimates?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... estimates? 1210.20 Section 1210.20 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS General Provisions § 1210.20 What if I disagree with....gov/Laws_R_D/FRNotices/FRInfColl.htm-. Send comments on the accuracy of these burden estimates or...

  13. Refractory acute leukaemia in adults treated with sequential colaspase and high-dose methotrexate.

    PubMed

    Yap, B S; McCredie, K B; Benjamin, R S; Bodey, G P; Freireich, E J

    1978-09-16

    Thirty-nine adults with acute leukaemia who had relapsed when receiving extensive chemotherapy were treated with a combination of methotrexate and colaspase (L-asparaginase) given sequentially. Patients initially received 50-80 mg/m(2) methotrexate, followed three hours later by intravenous colaspase, 40 000 IU/m(2). Seven days later intravenous methotrexate, 120 mg/m(2) was given. Each dose of methotrexate was followed 24 hours later by colaspase, and the two-day course of treatment was repeated every 7-14 days. The methotrexate dose was increased to tolerance by increments of 40 mg/m(2) with each course, while the colaspase dose remained constant unless abnormal liver function developed, when it was reduced by half.Overall, 18 out of 39 patients achieved complete remission (46%). Of these, 13 out of 21 (62%) had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, three out of seven (43%) acute undifferentiated leukaemia, and two out of 11 (18%) acute myeloblastic leukaemia. The median duration of complete remission was 20 weeks and the median duration of survival in complete responders was 45 weeks. The median number of courses needed to achieve complete remission was three. The maximum tolerated dose of methotrexate was 400 mg/m(2) (median 200 mg/m(2)). Major side effects were due to colaspase. Methotrexate in doses of up to 400 mg/m(2) caused minimal myelosuppression and stomatitis, which suggested that colaspase given sequentially provides relative protection from methotrexate toxicity without the need for folinic acid (citrovorum factor) rescue.The combination of sequential colaspase and methotrexate is highly effective in reinducing remission in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute undifferentiated leukaemia. The regimen is easy to administer and relatively non-toxic, so it is suitable for use in outpatients, either alone or combined with other agents.

  14. 7 CFR 1210.600 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Referendum Procedures § 1210.600 General. Referenda to determine whether eligible producers... Research and Promotion Plan shall be conducted in accordance with this subpart. ...

  15. Fallout, radiation doses near Dounreay, and childhood leukaemia.

    PubMed Central

    Darby, S C; Doll, R

    1987-01-01

    Possible explanations for the recently reported increased incidence of childhood leukaemia around Dounreay were examined in the light of changes in the national incidence of leukaemia that occurred during the period of exposure to fallout from international testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. It was concluded that the increase could not be accounted for by an underestimate of the risk of leukaemia per unit dose of radiation at low doses and low dose rates, nor by an underestimate of the relative biological efficiency of high as compared with low linear energy transfer radiation. One possible explanation was underestimation of doses to the red bone marrow due to the discharges at Dounreay relative to the dose from fallout, though investigation of ways in which this might have occurred did not suggest anything definite. Other possible explanations included a misconception of the site of origin of childhood leukaemia, outbreaks of an infectious disease, and exposure to some other, unidentified environmental agent. These findings weigh heavily against the hypothesis that the recent increase in childhood leukaemia near Dounreay might be accounted for by radioactive discharges from nuclear plants, unless the doses to the stem cells from which childhood leukaemia originates have been grossly underestimated. PMID:3103820

  16. 30 CFR 1210.52 - What royalty reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What royalty reports must I submit? 1210.52 Section 1210.52 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources...

  17. 30 CFR 1210.60 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to this subpart? 1210.60 Section 1210.60 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources...

  18. 45 CFR 1210.3-9 - Decision by Director of VISTA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Decision by Director of VISTA. 1210.3-9 Section 1210.3-9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early...

  19. 45 CFR 1210.3-9 - Decision by Director of VISTA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Decision by Director of VISTA. 1210.3-9 Section 1210.3-9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early...

  20. 45 CFR 1210.3-9 - Decision by Director of VISTA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Decision by Director of VISTA. 1210.3-9 Section 1210.3-9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early...

  1. 45 CFR 1210.3-9 - Decision by Director of VISTA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Decision by Director of VISTA. 1210.3-9 Section 1210.3-9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early...

  2. 45 CFR 1210.3-9 - Decision by Director of VISTA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Decision by Director of VISTA. 1210.3-9 Section 1210.3-9 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early...

  3. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    Leukaemia is a form of blood cancer which affects the white blood cells and damages the bone marrow. Usually complete blood count (CBC) and bone marrow aspiration are used to diagnose the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It can be a fatal disease if not diagnosed at the earlier stage. In practice, manual microscopic evaluation of stained sample slide is used for diagnosis of leukaemia. But manual diagnostic methods are time-consuming, less accurate, and prone to errors due to various human factors like stress, fatigue, and so forth. Therefore, different automated systems have been proposed to wrestle the glitches in the manual diagnostic methods. In recent past, some computer-aided leukaemia diagnosis methods are presented. These automated systems are fast, reliable, and accurate as compared to manual diagnosis methods. This paper presents review of computer-aided diagnosis systems regarding their methodologies that include enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and accuracy. PMID:29681996

  4. Biomimetic nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in the treatment of leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Guo, Jianfeng; Cahill, Mary R; McKenna, Sharon L; O'Driscoll, Caitriona M

    2014-12-01

    Leukaemia is a bone marrow cancer occurring in acute and chronic subtypes. Acute leukaemia is a rapidly fatal cancer potentially causing death within a few weeks, if untreated. Leukaemia arises as a result of disruption to haematopoietic precursors, caused either by acquired gene fusions, gene mutations or inappropriate expression of the relevant oncogenes. Current treatment options have made significant progress, but the 5 year survival for acute leukaemia remains under 10% in elderly patients, and less than 50% for some types of acute leukaemia in younger adults. For chronic leukaemias longer survival is generally expected and for chronic myeloid leukaemia patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitors the median survival is not yet reached and is expected to exceed 10 years. Chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukaemia provide the mainstay of therapy for patients under 65 and both carry significant morbidity and mortality. Alternative and superior therapeutic strategies for acute leukaemias are urgently required. Recent molecular-based knowledge of recurring chromosome rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, has resulted in significant advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of leukaemia. Identification of a number of unique fusion genes has facilitated the development of highly specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA). Although delivery of siRNA using multifunctional nanoparticles has been investigated to treat solid cancers, the application of this approach to blood cancers is at an early stage. This review describes current treatments for leukaemia and highlights the potential of leukaemic fusion genes as therapeutic targets for RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, the design of biomimetic nanoparticles which are capable of responding to the physiological environment of leukaemia and their potential to advance RNAi therapeutics to the clinic will be critically evaluated. Copyright © 2014

  5. Genital ulcers as diagnostic clue for acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Schröder, Sina D; Krause, Stefan W; Erfurt-Berge, Cornelia

    2018-04-23

    Acute myeloid leukaemia is a myeloid neoplasm with an extremely varying clinical appearance. Skin lesions are common for specific subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia but are often misinterpreted. Here, we present a case of acute myeloid leukaemia in a young woman exhibiting genital ulcerations and gingival erosions. © 2018 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. 36 CFR 1210.31 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 1210.31 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for...

  7. 36 CFR 1210.31 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 1210.31 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for...

  8. 36 CFR 1210.31 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 1210.31 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for...

  9. 36 CFR 1210.31 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 1210.31 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for...

  10. Leukaemic infiltration and cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia in complete remission.

    PubMed

    Saldaña Garrido, J D; Martínez Rubio, M; Carrión Campo, R; Moya Moya, M A; Rico Sergado, L

    2017-03-01

    A 43-year-old woman in remission from T- cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was referred to our hospital with suspected leukaemic retinitis. The funduscopic examination of her left eye revealed multifocal yellow-white peripheral retinitis and retinal haemorrhage. The patient was treated for cytomegalovirus retinitis after an extended haematological investigation showed no abnormalities. Initial improvement was followed by papillitis in the left eye and motility restriction in the right eye. Magnetic resonance and lumbar puncture confirmed leukaemia relapse. Specific treatment was initiated with complete resolution. Ocular involvement may precede haematological leukaemia relapse. Physicians should be alerted when ocular symptoms appear in these cases. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  11. 2 CFR 1.210 - Applicability to Federal agencies and others.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability to Federal agencies and others. 1.210 Section 1.210 Grants and Agreements ABOUT TITLE 2 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND... may apply to— (1) The agency's awarding or administering officials; (2) Non-Federal entities that...

  12. Sodium caseinate induces increased survival in leukaemic mouse J774 model.

    PubMed

    Córdova-Galaviz, Yolanda; Ledesma-Martínez, Edgar; Aguíñiga-Sánchez, Itzen; Soldevila-Melgarejo, Gloria; Soto-Cruz, Isabel; Weiss-Steider, Benny; Santiago-Osorio, Edelmiro

    2014-01-01

    Acute myeloid leukaemia is a neoplastic disease of haematopoietic stem cells. Although there have been recent advances regarding its treatment, mortality remains high. Consequently, therapeutic alternatives continue to be explored. In the present report, we present evidence that sodium caseinate (CasNa), a salt of the principal protein in milk, may possess important anti-leukaemic properties. J774 leukaemia macrophage-like cells were cultured with CasNa and proliferation, viability and differentiation were evaluated. These cells were also inoculated into BALB/c mice as a model of leukemia. We demonstrated that CasNa inhibits the in vitro proliferation and reduces viability of J774 cells, and leads to increased survival in vivo in a leukaemic mouse model. These data indicate that CasNa may be useful in leukaemia therapy. Copyright © 2014 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

  13. [Historical epidemiology of leukaemia mortality in Salento (Italy) from 1902 to 2002].

    PubMed

    Montinari, Maria Rosa

    2009-01-01

    The aim of this study is to investigate leukaemia mortality in Salento. Leukaemia mortality in Salento's population is compared to data for Apulia and Italy, for 1902 to 2002. With particular reference to the period from 1969 to 2002, the paper looks at leukaemia mortality in male and female populations. Data on all eligible leukaemia deaths was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). An increase of leukaemia mortality was observed both in male and female populations. Leukaemia mortality in Salento's female population was greater than amongst males.

  14. Behavior of a cloned murine interferon alpha/beta receptor expressed in homospecific or heterospecific background.

    PubMed Central

    Uzé, G; Lutfalla, G; Bandu, M T; Proudhon, D; Mogensen, K E

    1992-01-01

    A murine interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor was cloned from the IFN-sensitive L1210 cell line on the basis of its homology with the human receptor. A combination of methods that includes the screening of random-primed and oligo(dT)-primed cDNA libraries and polymerase chain reactions with a single-side specificity was used. At the amino acid level, the murine IFN-alpha/beta shows 46% identity with its human counterpart. Both human WISH cells presenting a low sensitivity to mouse IFN and a murine L1210 mutant subline that does not express the receptor have been stably transfected with the murine IFN-alpha/beta receptor. Whereas transfected human cells became sensitive to a limited number of mouse IFN-alpha/beta subtypes, the transfected murine L1210 mutant was found to be fully complemented and became sensitive to all mouse IFN-alpha/beta subtypes tested, including those that were not active on transfected human cells. These results strongly suggest that the receptor described here is implicated in the mediation of the activities of all murine IFN-alpha/beta subtypes. Images PMID:1533935

  15. Birth weight, maternal weight and childhood leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    McLaughlin, C C; Baptiste, M S; Schymura, M J; Nasca, P C; Zdeb, M S

    2006-01-01

    There is mounting evidence that childhood leukaemia is associated with high birth weight, but few studies have examined the relationship between leukaemia and other perinatal factors that influence birth weight, such as maternal weight or gestational weight gain. This case-cohort study included 916 acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and 154 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases diagnosed prior to age 10 years between 1985 and 2001 and born in New York State excluding New York City between 1978 and 2001. Controls (n=9686) were selected from the birth cohorts for the same years. Moderate increased risk of both ALL and AML was associated with birth weight 3500 g or more. For ALL, however, there was evidence of effect modification with birth weight and maternal prepregnancy weight. High birth weight was associated with ALL only when the mother was not overweight while heavier maternal weight was associated with ALL only when the infant was not high birth weight. Increased pregnancy-related weight gain was associated with ALL. For AML, birth weight under 3000 g and higher prepregnancy weight were both associated with increased risk. These findings suggest childhood leukaemia may be related to factors influencing abnormal fetal growth patterns. PMID:16736025

  16. 21 CFR 1210.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT General Provisions § 1210.3 Definitions. (a) Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (b) Commissioner. Commissioner means the Commissioner of Food and Drugs. (c...

  17. 7 CFR 1210.366 - Separability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.366 Separability. If any provision of this Plan is declared invalid or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held...

  18. Lorenz system in the thermodynamic modelling of leukaemia malignancy.

    PubMed

    Alexeev, Igor

    2017-05-01

    The core idea of the proposed thermodynamic modelling of malignancy in leukaemia is entropy arising within normal haematopoiesis. Mathematically its description is supposed to be similar to the Lorenz system of ordinary differential equations for simplified processes of heat flow in fluids. The hypothetical model provides a description of remission and relapse in leukaemia as two hierarchical and qualitatively different states of normal haematopoiesis with their own phase spaces. Phase space transition is possible through pitchfork bifurcation, which is considered the common symmetrical scenario for relapse, induced remission and the spontaneous remission of leukaemia. Cytopenia is regarded as an adaptive reaction of haematopoiesis to an increase in entropy caused by leukaemia clones. The following predictions are formulated: a) the percentage of leukaemia cells in marrow as a criterion of remission or relapse is not necessarily constant but is a variable value; b) the probability of remission depends upon normal haematopoiesis reaching bifurcation; c) the duration of remission depends upon the eradication of leukaemia cells through induction or consolidation therapies; d) excessively high doses of chemotherapy in consolidation may induce relapse. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children treated in AIEOP centres with AIEOP-BFM protocols: a retrospective analysis.

    PubMed

    Conter, Valentino; Valsecchi, Maria Grazia; Buldini, Barbara; Parasole, Rosanna; Locatelli, Franco; Colombini, Antonella; Rizzari, Carmelo; Putti, Maria Caterina; Barisone, Elena; Lo Nigro, Luca; Santoro, Nicola; Ziino, Ottavio; Pession, Andrea; Testi, Anna Maria; Micalizzi, Concetta; Casale, Fiorina; Pierani, Paolo; Cesaro, Simone; Cellini, Monica; Silvestri, Daniela; Cazzaniga, Giovanni; Biondi, Andrea; Basso, Giuseppe

    2016-02-01

    Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was recently recognised as a distinct leukaemia and reported as associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to assess the outcome of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in patients from the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AIEOP) centres treated with AIEOP-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (AIEOP-BFM) protocols. In this retrospective analysis, we included all children aged from 1 to less than 18 years with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia immunophenotype diagnosed between Jan 1, 2008, and Oct 31, 2014, from AIEOP centres. Early T-cell precursors were defined as being CD1a and CD8 negative, CD5 weak positive or negative, and positive for at least one of the following antigens: CD34, CD117, HLADR, CD13, CD33, CD11b, or CD65. Treatment was based on AIEOP-BFM acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2000 (NCT00613457) or AIEOP-BFM acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2009 protocols (European Clinical Trials Database 2007-004270-43). The main differences in treatment and stratification of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia between the two protocols were that in the 2009 protocol only, pegylated L-asparaginase was substituted for Escherichia coli L-asparaginase, patients with prednisone poor response received an additional dose of cyclophosphamide at day 10 of phase IA, and high minimal residual disease at day 15 assessed by flow cytometry was used as a high-risk criterion. Outcomes were assessed in terms of event-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was diagnosed in 49 patients. Compared with overall T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, it was associated with absence of molecular markers for PCR detection of minimal residual disease in 25 (56%) of 45 patients; prednisone poor response in 27 (55%) of 49 patients; high minimal residual disease at day 15 after starting therapy in 25 (64%) of 39 patients (bone marrow

  20. Different expressions and DNA methylation patterns of lysophosphatidic acid receptor genes in mouse tumor cells.

    PubMed

    Okabe, Kyoko; Hayashi, Mai; Wakabayashi, Naoko; Yamawaki, Yasuna; Teranishi, Miki; Fukushima, Nobuyuki; Tsujiuchi, Toshifumi

    2010-01-01

    Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors act as several biological effectors through LPA, which is a bioactive phospholipid. Recently, aberrant expressions of LPA receptor genes due to DNA methylation have been detected in several tumor cells. In this study, we measured expression levels and DNA methylation status of LPA receptor genes in mouse tumor cells, LL/2 lung carcinoma, B16F0 melanoma, FM3A mammary carcinoma and L1210 leukemia cells, compared with normal tissues. Total RNAs were extracted and RT-PCR analysis was performed. For DNA methylation status, bisulfite sequencing analysis was carried out, comparing outcomes with other tumor cells and normal tissues. The expressions of LPA1 gene were shown in LL/2, but not in B16F0, FM3A and L1210 cells. While the LPA2 gene was expressed in all 4 tumor cells, the LPA3 gene was unexpressed in them. The LPA1 and LPA3 unexpressed cells were highly methylated, although normal tissues were all unmethylated. The DNA methylation status was correlated with gene expression levels in cancer cells. The present results demonstrate that DNA methylation patterns of LPA receptor genes are dependent on cancer cell types, suggesting that LPA receptors may be new molecular targets for therapeutic approaches and chemoprevention. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  1. 16 CFR § 1210.20 - Stockpiling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Stockpiling § 1210.20 Stockpiling. (a) Definition. Stockpiling means to... cigarette lighters shall not manufacture or import lighters that do not comply with the requirements of this...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.328 - Duties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., advertising or promotion, and the payment of the costs thereof with funds received pursuant to this Plan; (e... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan National Watermelon Promotion Board § 1210.328 Duties. The...

  3. 16 CFR § 1210.11 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.11 General. Section 14(a) of the Consumer... to certify that their products comply with the Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters. This subpart B...

  4. Extended diagnostic criteria for plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Garnache-Ottou, Francine; Feuillard, Jean; Ferrand, Christophe; Biichle, Sabeha; Trimoreau, Franck; Seilles, Estelle; Salaun, Véronique; Garand, Richard; Lepelley, Pascale; Maynadié, Marc; Kuhlein, Emilienne; Deconinck, Eric; Daliphard, Sylvie; Chaperot, Laurence; Beseggio, Lucille; Foisseaud, Vincent; Macintyre, Elizabeth; Bene, Marie-Christine; Saas, Philippe; Jacob, Marie-Christine

    2009-06-01

    The diagnosis of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia (pDCL) is based on the immunophenotypic profile: CD4(+) CD56(+) lineage(neg) CD45RA(+)/RO(neg) CD11c(neg) CD116(low) CD123(+) CD34(neg) CD36(+) HLA-DR(+). Several studies have reported pDCL cases that do not express this exact profile or expressing some lineage antigens that could thus be misdiagnosed. This study aimed to validate pDCL-specific markers for diagnosis by flow-cytometry or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on bone marrow samples. Expression of markers previously found in normal pDC was analysed in 16 pDCL, four pDCL presenting an atypical phenotype (apDCL) and 113 non-pDC - lymphoid or myeloid - acute leukaemia. CD123 was expressed at significantly higher levels in pDCL and apDCL. BDCA-2 was expressed on 12/16 pDCL and on 2/4 apDCL, but was never detected in the 113 non-pDC acute leukaemia cases. BDCA-4 expression was found on 13/16 pDCL, but also in 12% of non-pDC acute leukaemia. High levels of LILRA4 and TCL1A transcripts distinguished pDCL and apDCL from all other acute leukaemia (except B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia for TCL1A). We thus propose a diagnosis strategy, scoring first the CD4(+) CD56(+/-) MPO(neg) cCD3(neg) cCD79a(neg) CD11c(neg) profile and then the CD123(high), BDCA-2 and BDCA-4 expression. Atypical pDCL can be also identified this way and non-pDC acute leukaemia excluded: this scoring strategy is useful for diagnosing pDCL and apDCL.

  5. 30 CFR 1210.54 - Must I submit this royalty report electronically?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Must I submit this royalty report electronically? 1210.54 Section 1210.54 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and...

  6. 30 CFR 1210.207 - How will information submissions be kept confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.207 Section 1210.207 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS Production and Royalty Reports-Solid Minerals... lessee, except as otherwise provided by law or regulation. [66 FR 45771, Aug. 30, 2001. Redesignated at...

  7. 30 CFR 1210.207 - How will information submissions be kept confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.207 Section 1210.207 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS Production and Royalty Reports-Solid Minerals... lessee, except as otherwise provided by law or regulation. [66 FR 45771, Aug. 30, 2001. Redesignated at...

  8. 30 CFR 1210.207 - How will information submissions be kept confidential?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... confidential? 1210.207 Section 1210.207 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE FORMS AND REPORTS Production and Royalty Reports-Solid Minerals... lessee, except as otherwise provided by law or regulation. [66 FR 45771, Aug. 30, 2001. Redesignated at...

  9. 36 CFR 1210.61 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Termination and Enforcement § 1210.61... agree upon the termination conditions, including the effective date and, in the case of partial... setting forth the reasons for such termination, the effective date, and, in the case of partial...

  10. 36 CFR 1210.22 - Payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Financial and Program Management... financial management systems that meet the standards for fund control and accountability as established in § 1210.21. Cash advances to a recipient organization shall be limited to the minimum amounts needed and...

  11. 21 CFR 1210.1 - Authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... health” shall be known and referred to as “the Federal Import Milk Act.” ... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER... MILK ACT General Provisions § 1210.1 Authority. For the purposes of the regulations in this part the...

  12. 7 CFR 1210.341 - Assessments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Expenses and Assessments § 1210.341 Assessments. (a) During... those that are exempt under this Plan, and such other information as may be prescribed by the Board. (d...

  13. 16 CFR 1210.11 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.11 General. Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product... product that is subject to a consumer product safety standard and that is distributed in commerce to issue...

  14. 7 CFR 1.210 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Appearance of USDA Employees as Witnesses in Judicial or Administrative Proceedings § 1.210 Purpose. This subpart sets forth procedures governing the appearance of USDA... employment with USDA. These regulations do not apply to appearances by USDA employees as witnesses in...

  15. 7 CFR 1.210 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Appearance of USDA Employees as Witnesses in Judicial or Administrative Proceedings § 1.210 Purpose. This subpart sets forth procedures governing the appearance of USDA... employment with USDA. These regulations do not apply to appearances by USDA employees as witnesses in...

  16. 7 CFR 1.210 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Appearance of USDA Employees as Witnesses in Judicial or Administrative Proceedings § 1.210 Purpose. This subpart sets forth procedures governing the appearance of USDA... employment with USDA. These regulations do not apply to appearances by USDA employees as witnesses in...

  17. 7 CFR 1.210 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Appearance of USDA Employees as Witnesses in Judicial or Administrative Proceedings § 1.210 Purpose. This subpart sets forth procedures governing the appearance of USDA... employment with USDA. These regulations do not apply to appearances by USDA employees as witnesses in...

  18. 7 CFR 1.210 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Appearance of USDA Employees as Witnesses in Judicial or Administrative Proceedings § 1.210 Purpose. This subpart sets forth procedures governing the appearance of USDA... employment with USDA. These regulations do not apply to appearances by USDA employees as witnesses in...

  19. 30 CFR 1210.55 - May I submit this royalty report manually?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May I submit this royalty report manually? 1210.55 Section 1210.55 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and Geothermal...

  20. Acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in girl with Bloom syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Adams, Madeleine; Jenney, Meriel; Lazarou, Laz; White, Rhian; Birdsall, Sanda; Staab, Timo; Schindler, Detlev; Meyer, Stefan

    2014-01-01

    Bloom syndrome (BS) is an inherited genomic instability disorder caused by disruption of the BLM helicase and confers an extreme cancer predisposition. Here we report on a girl with BS who developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at age nine, and treatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) aged 12. She was compound heterozygous for the novel BLM frameshift deletion c.1624delG and the previously described c.3415C>T nonsense mutation. Two haematological malignancies in a child with BS imply a fundamental role for BLM for normal haematopoiesis, in particular in the presence of genotoxic stress. PMID:24932421

  1. Attentional ability among survivors of leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Rodgers, J; Horrocks, J; Britton, P G; Kernahan, J

    1999-04-01

    Attentional ability in 19 survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 19 sibling controls was assessed using a neuropsychological model of attention. Analysis revealed that children who had received treatment for leukaemia exhibited significantly poorer performance on measures of the "focus encode" and "focus execute" elements of attention and on measures of the ability to respond to external cues and feedback. No significant differences in performance were found for measures of sustained attention and the ability to shift attention. These results indicate that children who have received treatment for leukaemia may experience highly specific attentional deficits that could have an impact on academic performance, particularly mathematical and reading skills. It is suggested that this underlying attentional deficit might be the source of the neuropsychological sequelae associated with the disease. Future attempts at remediation should incorporate activities specifically designed to ameliorate focusing difficulties.

  2. 36 CFR 1210.34 - Equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 1210.34 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL RULES... data, including date of disposal and sales price or the method used to determine current fair market... the following standards. For equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5,000 or more...

  3. Birth weight and risk of childhood acute leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Gholami, A; Salarilak, S; Hejazi, S; Khalkhali, H R

    2013-02-01

    Studies of risk factors for acute leukaemia are inconclusive. This case-control study was done in West Azerbaijan province, Islamic Republic of Iran, to determine the relationship between birth weight and acute leukaemia in children aged under 15 years. For every patient 2 age- and sex-matched controls were selected from hospital and community populations. Of 130 cases diagnosed over the period 2003-2009,108 (83.1%) had lymphoblastic and 22 (16.9%) myloblastic type. Significantly more of them were male than female (55.4% versus 44.6%). In a multivariate logistic regression model variables significantly associated with acute leukaemia were: birth weight (OR = 2.25), birth order (OR = 2.25), birth place (OR = 7.93), history of chickenpox (OR = 0.46) and mothers' education (OR = 3.23). The risk of acute leukaemia increased significantly with increasing birth weight in the total group and among girls, but not among boys.

  4. Leukaemia cutis after starting bendamustine: cause or coincidence?

    PubMed

    Mawri, Sagger; Nabi, Shahzaib; Jallad, Bassel; Won, Joseph

    2015-09-21

    A 55-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia presented with diffuse skin lesions that began 1 week after starting a new chemotherapy regimen with bendamustine and rituximab. The lesions appeared as erythematous papules that were neither itchy nor tender, and did not blanch with pressure. Initially, they began on his scalp and flanks and, over the next few days, spread diffusely throughout his body, becoming darker in colour. Skin biopsy showed atypical clonal B-cell proliferation in a perivascular, periadnexal and dermal band-like distribution, which was further characterised by immunohistochemical evaluation. These findings were suggestive of leukaemia cutis and consistent with the patient's chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, which was previously confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. The bendamustine was stopped and the patient's chemotherapy regimen was switched to fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Shortly thereafter, the leukaemia cutis regressed significantly. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

  5. Isolated extraocular muscle involvement as the ophthalmic manifestation of leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Kiratli, Hayyam; Balci, Kadriye E; Himmetoğlu, Ciğdem; Uner, Ayşegül

    2009-08-01

    Clinical and imaging features of patients with orbital leukaemia primarily involving extraocular muscles were evaluated. This retrospective case series includes patients with leukaemia whose only ophthalmic manifestation was extraocular muscle enlargement. Demographic data, clinical information on the systemic disease, prominent ocular signs and symptoms, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, treatments applied and the outcomes were collected. Five patients were diagnosed as leukaemic infiltration of extraocular muscle between 1995 and 2008. The age at presentation ranged between 3 and 61 years. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the diagnosis in two patients, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia and biphenotypic acute leukaemia were found in one patient each, respectively. One patient had bilateral involvement. The lateral rectus muscle was affected in four patients and the superior rectus muscle in one case. Restricted ocular motility was the most common finding. In one patient who had no prior history of leukaemia, an incisional biopsy established the diagnosis. All patients received multi-agent chemotherapy. Four patients expired after a rapid decline of the systemic status within a mean period of 7 months. Leukaemic infiltration of extraocular muscles is a rare and late manifestation of the advanced disease associated with relapse and there seems to be a predilection for the lateral rectus muscle. Systemic prognosis remains dismal despite intensive chemotherapy.

  6. 30 CFR 1210.155 - What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil properties?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... stripper oil properties? 1210.155 Section 1210.155 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE..., Gas, and Geothermal Resources § 1210.155 What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil... Management (BLM) under 43 CFR 3103.4-2 must submit Form ONRR-4377, Stripper Royalty Rate Reduction...

  7. 30 CFR 1210.155 - What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil properties?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... stripper oil properties? 1210.155 Section 1210.155 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE..., Gas, and Geothermal Resources § 1210.155 What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil... Management (BLM) under 43 CFR 3103.4-2 must submit Form MMS-4377, Stripper Royalty Rate Reduction...

  8. 30 CFR 1210.155 - What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil properties?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... stripper oil properties? 1210.155 Section 1210.155 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE..., Gas, and Geothermal Resources § 1210.155 What reports must I submit for Federal onshore stripper oil... Management (BLM) under 43 CFR 3103.4-2 must submit Form ONRR-4377, Stripper Royalty Rate Reduction...

  9. CREBBP mutations in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    Mullighan, Charles G.; Zhang, Jinghui; Kasper, Lawryn H.; Lerach, Stephanie; Payne-Turner, Debbie; Phillips, Letha A.; Heatley, Sue L.; Holmfeldt, Linda; Collins-Underwood, J. Racquel; Ma, Jing; Buetow, Kenneth H.; Pui, Ching-Hon; Baker, Sharyn D.; Brindle, Paul K.; Downing, James R.

    2010-01-01

    Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a leading cause of death due to disease in young people, but the biologic determinants of treatment failure remain poorly understood. Recent genome-wide profiling of structural DNA alterations in ALL have identified multiple submicroscopic somatic mutations targeting key cellular pathways1,2, and have demonstrated substantial evolution in genetic alterations from diagnosis to relapse3. However, detailed analysis of sequence mutations in ALL has not been performed. To identify novel mutations in relapsed ALL, we resequenced 300 genes in matched diagnosis and relapse samples from 23 patients with ALL. This identified 52 somatic non-synonymous mutations in 32 genes, many of which were novel, including the transcriptional coactivators CREBBP and NCOR1, the transcription factors ERG, SPI1, TCF4 and TCF7L2, components of the Ras signalling pathway, histone genes, genes involved in histone modification (CREBBP and CTCF), and genes previously shown to be targets of recurring DNA copy number alteration in ALL. Analysis of an extended cohort of 71 diagnosis-relapse cases and 270 acute leukaemia cases that did not relapse found that 18.3% of relapse cases had sequence or deletion mutations of CREBBP, which encodes the transcriptional coactivator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) CREB-binding protein (CBP)4. The mutations were either present at diagnosis or acquired at relapse, and resulted in truncated alleles or deleterious substitutions in conserved residues of the HAT domain. Functionally, the mutations impaired histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation of CREBBP targets, including glucocorticoid responsive genes. Several mutations acquired at relapse were detected in subclones at diagnosis, suggesting that the mutations may confer resistance to therapy. These results extend the landscape of genetic alterations in leukaemia, and identify mutations targeting transcriptional and epigenetic regulation as a mechanism

  10. [An immunological approach to acute myeloid leukaemia].

    PubMed

    González, B; Bueno, D; Rubio, P M; San Román, S; Plaza, D; Sastre, A; García-Miguel, P; Fernández, L; Valentín, J; Martínez, I; Pérez-Martínez, A

    2016-04-01

    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the second haematological malignancy in the paediatric population, and one of the leading causes of childhood cancer mortality. Survival is currently around 60%, with no improvement in last decades, suggesting that new therapeutic approaches are needed. The anti-leukaemia effect mediated by the lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells of the immune system has been established in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and also as adoptive immunotherapy after consolidation chemotherapy schemes. A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed and treated for AML in our centre during 1996-2014. The mean fluorescence intensities of HLA-I, MICA/B and ULBP1-4, ligands for NK cell receptors, were also analysed in ten new diagnosed leukaemia cases, five myeloid and five lymphoid. A total of 67 patients were used in this analysis. With a median follow up of 25 months, the event-free survival was 62% (95% CI: 55-67). Secondary AML, non-M3 phenotype, and the absence of favourable cytogenetic markers had a lower survival. The probability of relapse was 38% (95% CI: 31-45). The expression of HLA-I and ULBP-4 was significantly lower in myeloid than in lymphoid blast cells. Our clinical results are similar to those described in the literature. Survival did not significantly change in recent decades, and the likelihood of relapse remains high. Myeloid blasts might be more susceptible to the cytotoxicity of NK cells through their lower expression of HLA-I. NK therapy strategies in minimal disease situation could be effective, as reported by other groups. Copyright © 2015 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  11. 21 CFR 870.1210 - Continuous flush catheter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) MEDICAL DEVICES CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES Cardiovascular Diagnostic Devices § 870.1210 Continuous flush catheter. (a) Identification. A continuous flush catheter is an attachment to a catheter-transducer system...

  12. 21 CFR 870.1210 - Continuous flush catheter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) MEDICAL DEVICES CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES Cardiovascular Diagnostic Devices § 870.1210 Continuous flush catheter. (a) Identification. A continuous flush catheter is an attachment to a catheter-transducer system...

  13. 21 CFR 870.1210 - Continuous flush catheter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) MEDICAL DEVICES CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES Cardiovascular Diagnostic Devices § 870.1210 Continuous flush catheter. (a) Identification. A continuous flush catheter is an attachment to a catheter-transducer system...

  14. 7 CFR 1210.311 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Definitions § 1210.311 Programs and projects. Programs and projects mean those research, development, advertising, or promotion programs or projects...

  15. Spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia in Switzerland: A nationwide study.

    PubMed

    Konstantinoudis, Garyfallos; Kreis, Christian; Ammann, Roland A; Niggli, Felix; Kuehni, Claudia E; Spycher, Ben D

    2017-10-01

    The aetiology of childhood leukaemia remains largely unknown. Several hypotheses involve environmental exposures that could implicate spatial clustering of cases. The evidence from previous clustering studies is inconclusive. Most of them used areal data and thus had limited spatial resolution. We investigated whether childhood leukaemia tends to cluster in space using exact geocodes of place of residence both at the time of birth or diagnosis. We included 1,871 leukaemia cases diagnosed between 1985 and 2015 at age 0-15 years from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. For each case, we randomly sampled 10 age and sex matched controls from national censuses closest in time. We used the difference of k-functions, Cuzick-Edwards' test and Tango's index for point data to assess spatial clustering and Kulldorff's circular scan to detect clusters. We separately investigated acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), different age groups at diagnosis (0-4, 5-15 years) and adjusted for multiple testing. After adjusting for multiple testing, we found no evidence of spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia neither around time of birth (p = 0.52) nor diagnosis (p = 0.51). Individual tests indicated spatial clustering for leukaemia diagnosed at age 5-15 years, p k-functions = 0.05 and p Cuzick-Edwards' = 0.04 and a cluster of ALL cases diagnosed at age 0-4 years in a small rural area (p = 0.05). This study provides little evidence of spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia in Switzerland and highlights the importance of accounting for multiple testing in clustering studies. © 2017 UICC.

  16. 7 CFR 1210.330 - Policy and objective.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... research, development, advertising, and promotion in order to: (a) Strengthen watermelons' competitive... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.330 Policy and objective...

  17. An immunophenotypic and molecular diagnosis of composite hairy cell leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Liptrot, Stuart; O' Brien, David; Langabeer, Stephen E; Quinn, Fiona; Mackarel, A Jill; Elder, Patrick; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth; Hayden, Patrick J

    2013-12-01

    Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) are distinct clinicopathological B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD). Both diseases have characteristic immunophenotypic and molecular features. The co-existence of two B-CLPD is perhaps more common than previously thought but a composite HCL and CLL has been rarely documented. A case is reported in which the morphology, integrated with an extensive immunophenotyping panel, and incorporation of the recently described HCL-associated BRAF V600E mutation, enabled the prompt diagnosis of composite HCL and CLL thus allowing appropriate treatment selection. This case serves to highlight the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of bi-clonal B-CLPD.

  18. 16 CFR 1210.11 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.11 General. Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product... certify that their products comply with the Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters. This subpart B..., recordkeeping, and reporting pursuant to sections 14, 16(b), 17(g), and 27(e) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2063, 2065...

  19. 16 CFR 1210.11 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.11 General. Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product... certify that their products comply with the Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters. This subpart B..., recordkeeping, and reporting pursuant to sections 14, 16(b), 17(g), and 27(e) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2063, 2065...

  20. 21 CFR 1210.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... MILK ACT General Provisions § 1210.3 Definitions. (a) Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of...) Milk. For the purposes of the act and of the regulations in this part: Milk is the whole, fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows, properly fed and kept...

  1. 36 CFR § 1210.31 - Insurance coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 1210.31 Insurance coverage. Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for...

  2. Dermatoglyphics in Children with Acute Leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    Purvis-Smith, S. G.; Menser, Margaret A.

    1973-01-01

    The dermatoglyphics of 135 children with acute leukaemia differed significantly from those of normal controls, and examination of 174 of the patients' first degree relatives indicated that familial factors were involved. The findings suggested that within the racial group studied dermatoglyphics may partly identify a population subgroup which is at increased risk of leukaemogenesis. While these observations may not have immediate clinical application, they are likely to contribute to a greater understanding of individuals who have increased constitutional susceptibility to leukaemia. PMID:4519014

  3. 20 CFR 418.1210 - What is not a major life-changing event?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What is not a major life-changing event? 418.1210 Section 418.1210 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION MEDICARE SUBSIDIES Medicare Part B Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount Determinations Using A More Recent Tax Year's Modified...

  4. Active acute leukaemia: should transplant be offered to all patients?

    PubMed

    Avni, Batia; Shapira, Michael Y; Resnick, Igor B; Stepensky, Polina; Or, Reuven; Grisariu, Sigal

    2017-12-01

    The probability of achieving long term remission for patients with refractory acute leukaemia is very low. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is offered to these patients in order to improve their dismal outcome. We retrospectively analyzed 361 acute leukaemia patients, who underwent allogeneic SCT in the Hadassah's bone marrow transplantation department between the years 2005 and 2012 and identified 84 patients with active leukaemia at transplantation. Median age was 34 years. Sixty four patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 18 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two with biphenotypic leukaemia. The majority of patients were diagnosed with de-novo AML and transplanted at relapse. In the surviving patients, median follow up was 15 months. One year OS was 20%. At time of last follow up, 13 patients were alive (15.5%): ten patients with AML and two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In the univariate analysis, factors associated with significantly better overall survival were as follows: matched unrelated donor (p = 0.006), matched donor (p = 0.014) and occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (p = 0.019). Karnofsky performance score at SCT and occurrence of cGVHD were found to be borderline significant. Only matched unrelated donor and aGVHD were found to affect overall survival significantly in the multivariate analysis. Other than performance score at SCT, none of the pretransplant patients' characteristics were found to influence survival. In conclusion, as none of the pretransplant characteristics were found to influence the ability to select the patients that will benefit from HSC transplantation, this work supports offering HSCT to all active leukaemia eligible patients with reasonable performance status. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  5. Pattern Of Leukaemia Patients Admitted In Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.

    PubMed

    Khan, Tariq Mehmood

    2016-01-01

    Any tissue of the body can give rise to cancer. However, those tissues which multiply rapidly are at high risk of developing cancer and haematopoietic system is one of them. Neoplasms of this system are known as leukaemia and lymphoma, according to the types of white cells involved. Study of cancer patterns in different societies, however can contribute a substantial knowledge about the aetiology of cancer. The present Study was designed and aimed to estimate the frequency of different types of leukaemia in patients admitted in Ayub Teaching hospital Abbottabad. Data from the patients admitted at oncology Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 2010 to 2015 was collected and analysed to calculate cumulative and year-wise frequency of leukaemia and its major types. Frequency distribution with reference to gender and age was also calculated. In our analysis about 16% patients had acute myelocytic leukaemia and 32% patients had acute lymphocytic leukaemia; while chronic myeloid leukaemia outnumbered chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (11% and 3%); Hodgkin lymphoma was seen in 18% cases while Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was present in 20% cases. Out of the total, 150 cases (75%) belonged to mountainous areas of Hazara, i.e., 40 cases belonged to Kohistan, another 40 cases were residents of Battagram, 45 cases belonged to hilly areas of Mansehra and 25 cases to Kaghan valley, while only 50 (25%) cases were from the plain areas of Abbottabad and Haripur districts, i.e., 20 and 30 cases respectively. Leukaemia is more common in hilly areas of Hazara, since majority of the cases belonged to well-known mountainous regions of Kohistan, Battagram, Kaghan or Mansehra and only few cases belonged to the plain areas of Abbottabad and Haripur districts.

  6. Evolution of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in neutropenic leukaemia patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis or mucormycosis.

    PubMed

    Roques, Marjorie; Chretien, Marie Lorraine; Favennec, Camille; Lafon, Ingrid; Ferrant, Emmanuelle; Legouge, Caroline; Plocque, Alexia; Golfier, Camille; Duvillard, Laurence; Amoureux, Lucie; Bastie, Jean Noel; Maurin-Bernier, Lory; Dalle, Frederic; Caillot, Denis

    2016-06-01

    Unlike bacterial infections, the value of procalcitonin (PCT) in detecting fungal infections in leukaemia patients is not clear. To determine whether the monitoring of PCT coupled with C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (Fib) could be helpful in the management of pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) or mucormycosis (PM), we retrospectively analysed the evolution of PCT, CRP and Fib levels in 94 leukaemia patients with proven/probable IPA (n = 77) or PM (n = 17) from D-12 to D12 relative to IFI onset defined as D0. Overall, 2140 assays were performed. From D-12 to D0, 12%, 5% and 1.4% of patients had PCT >0.5, 1 and 1.5 μg l(-1) , respectively, while CRP was >50, 75 and 100 mg l(-1) in 84%, 70% and 57% and Fib was >4, 5 and 6 g l(-1) in 96%, 80% and 61% of cases respectively (P < 10(-7) ). The same trends were observed from D1 to D12. Overall, between D-12 and D12, only 6.4% of patients had PCT >1.5 μg l(-1) , while CRP >100 mg l(-1) and Fib >6 g l(-1) were observed in 80% and 75% of cases respectively (P < 10(-7) ). In leukaemia patients, IPA or PM was accompanied by a significant increase in CRP and Fib while PCT remained low. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  7. 21 CFR 1210.28 - Permits waiving clause 4, section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Import Milk Act. 1210.28 Section 1210.28 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.28 Permits...

  8. 21 CFR 1210.28 - Permits waiving clause 4, section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Import Milk Act. 1210.28 Section 1210.28 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.28 Permits...

  9. L-asparaginase as a critical component to combat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): A novel approach to target ALL.

    PubMed

    Ali, Usman; Naveed, Muhammad; Ullah, Abid; Ali, Khadija; Shah, Sayed Afzal; Fahad, Shah; Mumtaz, Abdul Samad

    2016-01-15

    L-asparaginase, an anti-leukaemic drug that has been approved for clinical use for many years in the treatment of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), is obtained from bacterial origin (Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora). The efficacy of L-asparaginase has been discussed for the past 40 years, and an ideal substitute for the enzyme has not yet been developed. The early clearance from plasma (short half-life) and requirement for multiple administrations and hence frequent physician visits make the overall treatment cost quite high. In addition, a high rate of allergic reactions in patients receiving treatment with the enzyme isolated from bacterial sources make its clinical application challenging. For these reasons, various attempts are being made to overcome these barriers. Therefore, the present article reviews studies focused on seeking substitutes for L-asparaginase through alternative sources including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae and plants to overcome these limitations. In addition, the role of chemical modifications and protein engineering approaches to enhance the drug's efficacy are also discussed. Moreover, an overview has also been provided in the current review regarding the contradiction among various researchers regarding the significance of the enzyme's glutaminase activity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. 19 CFR 12.10 - Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Agriculture. 12.10 Section 12.10 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture. The importation into the United States of plants and plant products is subject to regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture restricting or...

  11. 19 CFR 12.10 - Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Agriculture. 12.10 Section 12.10 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture. The importation into the United States of plants and plant products is subject to regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture restricting or...

  12. 19 CFR 12.10 - Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Agriculture. 12.10 Section 12.10 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture. The importation into the United States of plants and plant products is subject to regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture restricting or...

  13. 19 CFR 12.10 - Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Agriculture. 12.10 Section 12.10 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture. The importation into the United States of plants and plant products is subject to regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture restricting or...

  14. 19 CFR 12.10 - Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Agriculture. 12.10 Section 12.10 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture. The importation into the United States of plants and plant products is subject to regulations and orders of the Department of Agriculture restricting or...

  15. 30 CFR 1210.53 - When are my royalty reports and payments due?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false When are my royalty reports and payments due? 1210.53 Section 1210.53 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Royalty Reports-Oil, Gas, and...

  16. 5 CFR 630.1210 - Greater leave entitlements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AND LEAVE Family and Medical Leave § 630.1210 Greater leave entitlements. (a) An agency shall comply... greater family or medical leave entitlements to employees than those provided under this subpart. Nothing...

  17. Association between leukaemia and X-ray in children: a nationwide study.

    PubMed

    Shih, Tian-Yu; Wu, Jay; Muo, Chin-Shin; Kao, Chia-Hung

    2014-08-01

    The frequency of employing radiography is increasing. Long-term risks of performing X-ray procedures on children and adolescents for medical diagnosis have raised significant concerns. In this study, we adopt the case-control methodology to evaluate the relationship between the incidence rate of acute leukaemia and exposure to radiation during diagnostic X-ray examinations for children. Based on 1998-2010 data obtained from the Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance database, we selected 58 children with leukaemia and randomly selected an additional 232 children as the control group. The mean age of children with leukaemia is 8.92 ± 5.24 years. The risk of leukaemia in children who underwent X-ray examinations increased 2.14-fold (95% CI, 1.18-3.87). In this study, we identified that, when undergoing X-ray examinations, the risk of leukaemia in children increased for both sex and age groups. Specifically, the relationship between leukaemia and X-ray in boys (OR = 3.28, 95%CI, 1.33-8.07) and in ages of 6 to 11 years (OR = 2.58, 95%CI, 1.09-6.10) was significant. Overall, the risk of leukaemia in children who underwent X-ray examinations progressively increased from a ratio of 1.65 to 3.14. Moreover, an identical trend was observed for boys (1.85 to 6.42). Exposure to X-ray increased the risk of leukaemia in children. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2014 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

  18. Atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia: A case of an orphan disease-A multicenter report by the Polish Adult Leukemia Group.

    PubMed

    Drozd-Sokołowska, Joanna; Mądry, Krzysztof; Waszczuk-Gajda, Anna; Biecek, Przemysław; Szwedyk, Paweł; Budziszewska, Katarzyna; Raźny, Magdalena; Dutka, Magdalena; Obara, Agata; Wasilewska, Ewa; Lewandowski, Krzysztof; Piekarska, Agnieszka; Bober, Grażyna; Krzemień, Helena; Stella-Hołowiecka, Beata; Kapelko-Słowik, Katarzyna; Sawicki, Waldemar; Paszkowska-Kowalewska, Małgorzata; Machowicz, Rafał; Dwilewicz-Trojaczek, Jadwiga

    2018-03-07

    Atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia (aCML) belongs to myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Because of its rarity and changing diagnostic criteria throughout subsequent classifications, data on aCML are very scarce. Therefore, we at the Polish Adult Leukemia Group performed a nationwide survey on aCML. Eleven biggest Polish centres participated in the study. Altogether, 45 patients were reported, among whom only 18 patients (40%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria. Among misdiagnosed patients, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome unclassifiable and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia were the most frequent diagnoses. Thirteen patients were male, median age 64.6 years (range 40.4-80.9). The median parameters at diagnosis were as follows: white blood cell count 97 × 10 9 /L (23.8-342) with immature progenitors amounting at 27.5% (12-72), haemoglobin 8.6 g/dL (3.9-14.9), and platelet count 66 × 10 9 /L (34-833). Cytoreductive treatment was used in all patients, and 2 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The median overall survival was 14.1 months (95% CI, 7.2), with median acute myeloid leukaemia-free survival of 13.3 months (95% CI, 3.6-22.6). Cumulative incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia transformation after 1 year in aCML group was 12.5% (95% CI, 0%-29.6%). To conclude, aCML harbours a poor prognosis. Treatment options are limited, with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation being the only curative method at present, although only a minority of patients are transplant eligible. Educational measures are needed to improve the quality of diagnoses. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  19. 36 CFR 1210.32 - Real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 1210.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL... Government after it compensates the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value... that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal...

  20. Measurable residual disease testing in acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Hourigan, C S; Gale, R P; Gormley, N J; Ossenkoppele, G J; Walter, R B

    2017-07-01

    There is considerable interest in developing techniques to detect and/or quantify remaining leukaemia cells termed measurable or, less precisely, minimal residual disease (MRD) in persons with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in complete remission defined by cytomorphological criteria. An important reason for AML MRD-testing is the possibility of estimating the likelihood (and timing) of leukaemia relapse. A perfect MRD-test would precisely quantify leukaemia cells biologically able and likely to cause leukaemia relapse within a defined interval. AML is genetically diverse and there is currently no uniform approach to detecting such cells. Several technologies focused on immune phenotype or cytogenetic and/or molecular abnormalities have been developed, each with advantages and disadvantages. Many studies report a positive MRD-test at diverse time points during AML therapy identifies persons with a higher risk of leukaemia relapse compared with those with a negative MRD-test even after adjusting for other prognostic and predictive variables. No MRD-test in AML has perfect sensitivity and specificity for relapse prediction at the cohort- or subject levels and there are substantial rates of false-positive and -negative tests. Despite these limitations, correlations between MRD-test results and relapse risk have generated interest in MRD-test result-directed therapy interventions. However, convincing proof that a specific intervention will reduce relapse risk in persons with a positive MRD-test is lacking and needs testing in randomized trials. Routine clinical use of MRD-testing requires further refinements and standardization/harmonization of assay platforms and results reporting. Such data are needed to determine whether results of MRD-testing can be used as a surrogate end point in AML therapy trials. This could make drug-testing more efficient and accelerate regulatory approvals. Although MRD-testing in AML has advanced substantially, much remains to be done.

  1. SERUM metabolomics of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia for probing biomarker molecules.

    PubMed

    Musharraf, Syed Ghulam; Siddiqui, Amna Jabbar; Shamsi, Tahir; Naz, Arshi

    2017-12-01

    Acute leukaemia (AL) is a critical neoplasm of white blood cells. Diagnosing AL requires bone marrow puncture procedure, which many patients do not consent to for it is invasive. Hence sensitive and specific early diagnostic biomarkers are essential for non-invasive diagnosis, new therapeutics and improving the disease prognosis. To differentiate the metabolic alterations associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we investigated serum of ALL and AML patients in comparison with two controls using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. Twenty seven out of 1425 metabolites were found differentiative among ALL, AML, aplastic anaemia (APA) patients and healthy control using p-value ≤ 0.001. ALL is the most dissimilar group from other three groups as in hierarchical clustering showed 72.1% dissimilarity. Model generation using PLSDA gave an overall accuracy of 91.9%. This study helps in metabolic fingerprinting of control and disease serum at high significance levels and could be used for early diagnosing of AL. Based on pathways analysis, fatty acid metabolism is deregulated in patients with AL and may represent an underlying metabolic pathway associated with disease progression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  2. 33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

  3. 33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

  4. 33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

  5. 34 CFR 12.10 - How is a Public Benefit Allowance (PBA) calculated?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... proposing to use the surplus Federal real property to add a new physical education program. Entity A would... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How is a Public Benefit Allowance (PBA) calculated? 12.10 Section 12.10 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION...

  6. 34 CFR 12.10 - How is a Public Benefit Allowance (PBA) calculated?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How is a Public Benefit Allowance (PBA) calculated? 12.10 Section 12.10 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION... under appendix A: (1) Entity A is a specialized school that has had a building destroyed by fire, and...

  7. Time Trends and Geographical Distribution of Childhood Leukaemia in Basrah, Iraq, from 2004 to 2009

    PubMed Central

    Alrudainy, Laith A; Hassan, Jenan G; Salih, Hussam M; Abbas, Mohammed K; Majeed, Athar AS

    2011-01-01

    Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence and trend of childhood leukaemia in Basrah. Methods: This was a hospital-based cancer registry study carried out at the Pediatric Oncology Ward, Maternity & Children’s Hospital and other institutes in Basrah, Iraq. All children with leukaemia, aged 0 to 14 years diagnosed and registered in Basrah from January 2004 to December 2009 were included in the study. Their records were retrieved and studied. The pattern of childhood leukaemia by year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, morphological subtypes, and geographical distribution was analysed. Rates of childhood leukaemia over time were calculated for six years using standard linear regression. Results: The total number of cases of childhood leukaemia was 181. The number of cases ranged from 21 in year 1, to 31 in the final year reaching a peak of 39 in 2006. Leukaemia rates did not change over the study period (test for trend was not significant, P = 0.81). The trend line shows a shift towards younger children (less than 5 years). The commonest types of leukaemia were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), then acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and finally chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Conclusion: Annual rates of childhood leukaemia in Basrah were similar to those in other countries with a trend towards younger children. This raises the question about the effect of environmental catastrophes in the alteration of some specific rates of childhood leukaemia, rather than the overall incidence rate. There is a need for further epidemiological studies to understand the aetiology of childhood leukaemia in Basrah. PMID:21969893

  8. 21 CFR 1210.24 - Temporary permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.24 Temporary permits. A temporary permit will be granted... inspections required by the applicable provisions of section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act. Temporary...

  9. 21 CFR 1210.24 - Temporary permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.24 Temporary permits. A temporary permit will be granted... inspections required by the applicable provisions of section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act. Temporary...

  10. 45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

  11. 45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

  12. 45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

  13. 45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

  14. 45 CFR 1210.3-3 - Suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... VISTA TRAINEE DESELECTION AND VOLUNTEER EARLY TERMINATION PROCEDURES VISTA Volunteer Early Termination § 1210.3-3 Suspension. (a) The ACTION State Director may suspend a Volunteer for up to 30 days in order... Volunteer. Suspension is not warranted if the State Director determines that sufficient grounds already...

  15. 33 CFR 155.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155.1210 Purpose and... vessel carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo. The requirements of this subpart are...

  16. 33 CFR 155.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155.1210 Purpose and... vessel carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo. The requirements of this subpart are...

  17. 33 CFR 155.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155.1210 Purpose and... vessel carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo. The requirements of this subpart are...

  18. 7 CFR 1210.364 - Proceedings after termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....364 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.364 Proceedings...

  19. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C genotypes are associated with the risks of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the Korean population.

    PubMed

    Hur, M; Park, J Y; Cho, H C; Lee, K M; Shin, H Y; Cho, H I

    2006-06-01

    Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme involved in folate metabolism, DNA methylation and synthesis. We investigated the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and the risks of acute and chronic leukaemias. MTHFR C677T and A1298C were genotyped in 396 Korean individuals using multiplex polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment-length polymorphism. They were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, n = 89), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 55), biphenotypic acute leukaemia (n = 12), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML, n = 40), and normal controls (n = 200). C677T genotypes were not associated with the risk of each disease. A1298C variants, however, significantly decreased the risks of ALL and CML compared with 1298AA. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1298AC and 1298AC + CC were 0.53 (0.31-0.93) and 0.54 (0.31-0.93) in ALL, and 0.34 (0.14-0.80) and 0.40 (0.18-0.89) in CML, respectively, compared with 1298AA. These findings demonstrate that the development of ALL and CML is more dependent on folate status, and more susceptible to DNA instability than that of AML. In addition, A1298C rather than C677T may be a more important genetic risk modifier in leukaemogenesis at least in the Korean population.

  20. 36 CFR 1210.32 - Real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Real property. 1210.32....32 Real property. The NHPRC shall prescribe requirements for recipients concerning the use and disposition of real property acquired in whole or in part under awards. Unless otherwise provided by statute...

  1. 36 CFR 1210.32 - Real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Real property. 1210.32....32 Real property. The NHPRC shall prescribe requirements for recipients concerning the use and disposition of real property acquired in whole or in part under awards. Unless otherwise provided by statute...

  2. 36 CFR 1210.32 - Real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Real property. 1210.32....32 Real property. The NHPRC shall prescribe requirements for recipients concerning the use and disposition of real property acquired in whole or in part under awards. Unless otherwise provided by statute...

  3. The development of a three-dimensional scaffold for ex vivo biomimicry of human acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Blanco, Teresa Mortera; Mantalaris, Athanasios; Bismarck, Alexander; Panoskaltsis, Nicki

    2010-03-01

    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a cancer of haematopoietic cells that develops in three-dimensional (3-D) bone marrow niches in vivo. The study of AML has been hampered by lack of appropriate ex vivo models that mimic this microenvironment. We hypothesised that fabrication and optimisation of suitable biomimetic scaffolds for culturing leukaemic cells ex vivo might facilitate the study of AML in its native 3-D niche. We evaluated the growth of three leukaemia subtype-specific cell lines, K-562, HL60 and Kasumi-6, on highly porous scaffolds fabricated from biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymeric materials, such as poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyurethane (PU), poly (methyl-methacrylate), poly (D, L-lactade), poly (caprolactone), and polystyrene. Our results show that PLGA and PU supported the best seeding efficiency and leukaemic growth. Furthermore, the PLGA and PU scaffolds were coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, collagen type I (62.5 or 125 microg/ml) and fibronectin (25 or 50 microg/ml) to provide biorecognition signals. The 3 leukaemia subtype-specific lines grew best on PU scaffolds coated with 62.5 microg/ml collagen type I over 6 weeks in the absence of exogenous growth factors. In conclusion, PU-collagen scaffolds may provide a practical model to study the biology and treatment of primary AML in an ex vivo mimicry. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. 20 CFR 655.1210 - What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose? 655.1210 Section 655.1210 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION... also may impose appropriate remedies, including the payment of back wages, the performance of attested...

  5. 20 CFR 655.1210 - What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose? 655.1210 Section 655.1210 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION... also may impose appropriate remedies, including the payment of back wages, the performance of attested...

  6. 20 CFR 655.1210 - What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose? 655.1210 Section 655.1210 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION... also may impose appropriate remedies, including the payment of back wages, the performance of attested...

  7. 20 CFR 655.1210 - What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What penalties and other remedies may the Administrator impose? 655.1210 Section 655.1210 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION... also may impose appropriate remedies, including the payment of back wages, the performance of attested...

  8. Case-control study of paternal occupation and childhood leukaemia in Great Britain, 1962-2006.

    PubMed

    Keegan, T J; Bunch, K J; Vincent, T J; King, J C; O'Neill, K A; Kendall, G M; MacCarthy, A; Fear, N T; Murphy, M F G

    2012-10-23

    Paternal occupational exposures have been proposed as a risk factor for childhood leukaemia. This study investigates possible associations between paternal occupational exposure and childhood leukaemia in Great Britain. The National Registry of Childhood Tumours provided all cases of childhood leukaemia born and diagnosed in Great Britain between 1962 and 2006. Controls were matched on sex, period of birth and birth registration subdistrict. Fathers' occupations were assigned to 1 or more of 33 exposure groups. Social class was derived from father's occupation at the time of the child's birth. A total of 16 764 cases of childhood leukaemia were ascertained. One exposure group, paternal social contact, was associated with total childhood leukaemia (odds ratio 1.14, 1.05-1.23); this association remained significant when adjusted for social class. The subtypes lymphoid leukaemia (LL) and acute myeloid leukaemia showed increased risk with paternal exposure to social contact before adjustment for social class. Risk of other leukaemias was significantly increased by exposure to electromagnetic fields, persisting after adjustment for social class. For total leukaemia, the risks for exposure to lead and exhaust fumes were significantly <1. Occupationally derived social class was associated with risk of LL, with the risk being increased in the higher social classes. Our results showed some support for a positive association between childhood leukaemia risk and paternal occupation involving social contact. Additionally, LL risk increased with higher paternal occupational social class.

  9. Structural features of a close homologue of L1 (CHL1) in the mouse: a new member of the L1 family of neural recognition molecules.

    PubMed

    Holm, J; Hillenbrand, R; Steuber, V; Bartsch, U; Moos, M; Lübbert, H; Montag, D; Schachner, M

    1996-08-01

    We have identified a close homologue of L1 (CHL1) in the mouse. CHL1 comprises an N-terminal signal sequence, six immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, 4.5 fibronectin type III (FN)-like repeats, a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal, most likely intracellular domain of approximately 100 amino acids. CHL1 is most similar in its extracellular domain to chicken Ng-CAM (approximately 40% amino acid identity), followed by mouse L1, chicken neurofascin, chicken Nr-CAM, Drosophila neuroglian and zebrafish L1.1 (37-28% amino acid identity), and mouse F3, rat TAG-1 and rat BIG-1 (approximately 27% amino acid identity). The similarity with other members of the Ig superfamily [e.g. neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), DCC, HLAR, rse] is 16-11%. The intracellular domain is most similar to mouse and chicken Nr-CAM, mouse and rat neurofascin (approximately 60% amino acid identity) followed by chicken neurofascin and Ng-CAM, Drosophila neuroglian and zebrafish L1.1 and L1.2 (approximately 40% amino acid identity). Besides the high overall homology and conserved modular structure among previously recognized members of the L1 family (mouse/human L1/rat NILE; chicken Ng-CAM; chicken/mouse Nr-CAM; Drosophila neuroglian; zebrafish L1.1 and L1.2; chicken/mouse neurofascin/rat ankyrin-binding glycoprotein), criteria characteristic of L1 were identified with regard to the number of amino acids between positions of conserved amino acid residues defining distances within and between two adjacent Ig-like domains and FN-like repeats. These show a collinearity in the six Ig-like domains and four adjacent FN-like repeats that is remarkably conserved between L1 and molecules containing these modules (designated the L1 family cassette), including the GPI-linked forms of the F3 subgroup (mouse F3/chicken F11/human CNTN1; rat BIG-1/mouse PANG; rat TAG-1/mouse TAX-1/chicken axonin-1). The colorectal cancer molecule (DCC), previously introduced as an N-CAM-like molecule, conforms to the L1 family

  10. Spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia with the integration of the Paediatric Environmental History.

    PubMed

    Cárceles-Álvarez, Alberto; Ortega-García, Juan A; López-Hernández, Fernando A; Orozco-Llamas, Mayra; Espinosa-López, Blanca; Tobarra-Sánchez, Esther; Alvarez, Lizbeth

    2017-07-01

    Leukaemia remains the most common type of paediatric cancer and its aetiology remains unknown, but considered to be multifactorial. It is suggested that the initiation in utero by relevant exposures and/or inherited genetic variants and, other promotional postnatal exposures are probably required to develop leukaemia. This study aimed to map the incidence and analyse possible clusters in the geographical distribution of childhood acute leukaemia during the critical periods and to evaluate the factors that may be involved in the aetiology by conducting community and individual risk assessments. We analysed all incident cases of acute childhood leukaemia (<15 years) diagnosed in a Spanish region during the period 1998-2013. At diagnosis, the addresses during pregnancy, early childhood and diagnosis were collected and codified to analyse the spatial distribution of acute leukaemia. Scan statistical test methodology was used for the identification of high-incidence spatial clusters. Once identified, individual and community risk assessments were conducted using the Paediatric Environmental History. A total of 158 cases of acute leukaemia were analysed. The crude rate for the period was 42.7 cases per million children. Among subtypes, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had the highest incidence (31.9 per million children). A spatial cluster of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was detected using the pregnancy address (p<0.05). The most common environmental risk factors related with the aetiology of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, identified by the Paediatric Environmental History were: prenatal exposure to tobacco (75%) and alcohol (50%); residential and community exposure to pesticides (62.5%); prenatal or neonatal ionizing radiation (42.8%); and parental workplace exposure (37.5%) CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that environmental exposures in utero may be important in the development of childhood leukaemia. Due to the presence of high-incidence clusters using pregnancy address

  11. 7 CFR 1210.330 - Policy and objective.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.330 Policy and objective... research, development, advertising, and promotion in order to: (a) Strengthen watermelons' competitive...

  12. Urinary level of nickel and acute leukaemia in Chinese children.

    PubMed

    Yang, Y; Jin, X M; Yan, C H; Tian, Y; Tang, J Y; Shen, X M

    2008-10-01

    The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, not only is a widely used biomarker for the measurement of endogenous oxidative DNA damage but might also be a risk factor for many diseases including cancer. Metal exposure may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage among children. However, few studies on urinary 8-OHdG and metals have been conducted in children with acute leukemia. In the present study, urinary Ni and 8-OHdG were examined in 116 children with acute leukaemia (94 acute lymphoid leukaemia [ALL] and 22 acute myeloid leukaemia [AML]) and 51 healthy child controls. Our result showed that urinary Ni in acute leukaemia patients (ALL: 68.40 +/- 133.98, AML: 41.48 +/- 76.31 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly higher than that in controls (62.47 +/- 124.90 vs 17.63 +/- 46.17 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Similarly, the pretherapy level of urinary 8-OHdG in patients (ALL: 11.83 +/- 16.23, AML: 12.36 +/- 11.36 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly elevated compared with controls (11.92 +/- 15.42 vs 4.03 +/- 4.70 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG and urinary Ni showed a weak but significant association with increased risk of childhood leukaemia. The present study suggests that Ni may be an etiologic factor for childhood acute leukaemia by oxidative DNA damage.

  13. Current status of gene expression profiling in the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Bacher, Ulrike; Kohlmann, Alexander; Haferlach, Torsten

    2009-06-01

    Gene expression profiling (GEP) enables the simultaneous investigation of the expression of tens of thousands of genes and was successfully introduced in leukaemia research a decade ago. Aiming to better understand the diversity of genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), pioneer studies investigated and confirmed the predictability of many cytogenetic and molecular subclasses in AML and ALL. In addition, GEP can define new prognostic subclasses within distinct leukaemia subgroups, as illustrated in AML with normal karyotype. Another approach is the development of treatment-specific sensitivity assays, which might contribute to targeted therapy studies. Finally, GEP might enable the detection of new molecular targets for therapy in patients with acute leukaemia. Meanwhile, large multicentre studies, e.g. the Microarray Innovations in LEukaemia (MILE) study, prepare for a standardised introduction of GEP in leukaemia diagnostic algorithms, aiming to translate this novel methodology into clinical routine for the benefit of patients with the complex disorders of AML and ALL.

  14. 7 CFR 1210.331 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.331 Programs and... to maintain, develop, and expand markets for watermelon; (b) Establishing and carrying out research...

  15. 7 CFR 1210.331 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.331 Programs and... to maintain, develop, and expand markets for watermelon; (b) Establishing and carrying out research...

  16. 7 CFR 1210.331 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.331 Programs and... to maintain, develop, and expand markets for watermelon; (b) Establishing and carrying out research...

  17. 7 CFR 1210.331 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.331 Programs and... to maintain, develop, and expand markets for watermelon; (b) Establishing and carrying out research...

  18. Vincristine and Prednisone for the Induction of Remissions in Acute Childhood Leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    Hardisty, R. M.; McElwain, T. J.; Darby, Caryl W.

    1969-01-01

    A total of 65 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and seven with other types of acute leukaemia received treatment with a combination of vincristine and prednisone. In all 122 courses of treatment were given. Of 22 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who received this as their first treatment, all achieved complete remission. The complete remission rates were 82% for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in their first relapse, 63% in the second relapse, and much lower in subsequent relapses and in the patients with other types of acute leukaemia. Alopecia and gastrointestinal and neuromuscular toxicity occurred respectively in 51%, 29%, and 21% of instances, only the last of these side-effects of vincristine being dose-related. Most of the complete remissions were obtained with a total dose of vincristine which carried only a low risk of neurotoxicity. PMID:5254045

  19. 30 CFR 1210.20 - What if I disagree with the burden hour estimates?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What if I disagree with the burden hour estimates? 1210.20 Section 1210.20 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT... estimates or suggestions on reducing the burden to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and...

  20. 12 CFR 611.1210 - Advance notices-commencement resolution and notice to equity holders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Advance notices-commencement resolution and notice to equity holders. 611.1210 Section 611.1210 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM..., within 10 days of adopting the commencement resolution, your bank and the other Farm Credit banks must...

  1. Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis and azole resistance in patients with acute leukaemia: the SEPIA Study.

    PubMed

    Koehler, Philipp; Hamprecht, Axel; Bader, Oliver; Bekeredjian-Ding, Isabelle; Buchheidt, Dieter; Doelken, Gottfried; Elias, Johannes; Haase, Gerhard; Hahn-Ast, Corinna; Karthaus, Meinolf; Kekulé, Alexander; Keller, Peter; Kiehl, Michael; Krause, Stefan W; Krämer, Carolin; Neumann, Silke; Rohde, Holger; La Rosée, Paul; Ruhnke, Markus; Schafhausen, Philippe; Schalk, Enrico; Schulz, Katrin; Schwartz, Stefan; Silling, Gerda; Staib, Peter; Ullmann, Andrew; Vergoulidou, Maria; Weber, Thomas; Cornely, Oliver A; Vehreschild, Maria J G T

    2017-02-01

    Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious hazard to high-risk haematological patients. There are increasing reports of azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. This study assessed the epidemiology of IA and azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. in patients with acute leukaemia in Germany. A prospective multicentre cohort study was performed in German haematology/oncology centres. The incidence of probable and proven aspergillosis according to the revised EORTC/MSG criteria was assessed for all patients with acute leukaemia [acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)]. Cases were documented into a web-based case report form, and centres provided data on standards regarding prophylactic and diagnostic measures. Clinical isolates were screened centrally for azole resistance and, if applicable, underlying resistance mechanisms were analysed. Between September 2011 and December 2013, 179 cases of IA [6 proven (3.4%) and 173 probable (96.6%)] were diagnosed in 3067 patients with acute leukaemia. The incidence of IA was 6.4% among 2440 AML patients and 3.8% among 627 ALL patients. Mortality at Day 84 was 33.8% (49/145) and attributable mortality was 26.9% (39/145). At Day 84, 53 patients (29.6%) showed a complete response, 25 (14.0%) a partial response and 17 (9.5%) a deterioration or failure. A total of 77 clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates were collected during the study period. Two episodes of azole-resistant IA (1.1%) were caused by a TR/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene. With only two cases of IA due to azole-resistant A. fumigatus, a change of antifungal treatment practices in Germany does not appear warranted currently. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

  2. 36 CFR 1210.52 - Financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Financial reporting. 1210.52....52 Financial reporting. (a) The following forms or such other forms as may be approved by OMB are authorized for obtaining financial information from recipients. (1) SF-269 or SF-269A, Financial Status...

  3. 36 CFR 1210.52 - Financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Financial reporting. 1210.52....52 Financial reporting. (a) The following forms or such other forms as may be approved by OMB are authorized for obtaining financial information from recipients. (1) SF-269 or SF-269A, Financial Status...

  4. Traffic-related air pollution and risk for leukaemia of an adult population.

    PubMed

    Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Ketzel, Matthias; Harbo Poulsen, Aslak; Sørensen, Mette

    2016-03-01

    Air pollution causes lung cancer, but associations with other cancers have not been established. We investigated whether long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution is associated with the risk of the general population for leukaemia. We identified 1,967 people in whom leukaemia was diagnosed in 1992-2010 from a nation-wide cancer registry and selected 3,381 control people at random, matched on sex and year of birth, from the entire Danish population. Residential addresses since 1971 were traced in a population registry, and outdoor concentrations of NOx and NO2 , as indicators of traffic-related air pollution, were calculated at each address in a dispersion model. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk for leukaemia after adjustment for income, educational level, cohabitation status and co-morbidity. In linear analyses, we found odds ratios for acute myeloid leukaemia of 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.38) per 20 µg/m(3) increase in NOx and 1.31 (1.02-1.68) per 10 µg/m(3) increase in NO2 , calculated as time-weighted average exposure at all addresses since 1971. We found no association with chronic myeloid or lymphocytic leukaemia. This study indicates an association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and acute myeloid leukaemia in the general population, but not for other subtypes of leukaemia. © 2015 UICC.

  5. 17 CFR 240.3a12-10 - Exemption of certain securities issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... securities issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation. 240.3a12-10 Section 240.3a12-10 Commodity and... Exemptions § 240.3a12-10 Exemption of certain securities issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation. Securities that are issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation pursuant to section 21B(f) of the Federal...

  6. Cerebrospinal fluid asparagine depletion during pegylated asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Henriksen, Louise T; Nersting, Jacob; Raja, Raheel A; Frandsen, Thomas L; Rosthøj, Steen; Schrøder, Henrik; Albertsen, Birgitte K

    2014-07-01

    L-asparaginase is an important drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) asparagine depletion is considered a marker of asparaginase effect in the central nervous system (CNS) and may play a role in CNS-directed anti-leukaemia therapy. The objective of this study was to describe CSF asparagine depletion during 30 weeks of pegylated asparaginase therapy, 1000 iu/m(2) i.m. every second week, and to correlate CSF asparagine concentration with serum L-asparaginase enzyme activity. Danish children (1-17 years) with ALL, treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol, standard and intermediate risk, were included. CSF samples were obtained throughout L-asparaginase treatment at every scheduled lumbar puncture. A total of 128 samples from 31 patients were available for analysis. Median CSF asparagine concentration decreased from a pre-treatment level of 5·3 μmol/l to median levels ≤1·5 μmol/l. However, only 4/31 patients (five samples) had CSF asparagine concentrations below the limit of detection (0·1 μmol/l). In 11 patients, 24 paired same day serum and CSF samples were obtained. A decrease in CSF asparagine corresponded to serum enzyme activities above 50 iu/l. Higher serum enzyme activities were not followed by more extensive depletion. In conclusion, pegylated asparaginase 1000 iu/m(2) i.m. every second week effectively reduced CSF asparagine levels. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  7. 16 CFR 1210.18 - Refusal of importation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....18 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Certification Requirements § 1210.18 Refusal of importation. (a... in this part is violated. (b) For noncompliance with this standard and for lack of a certification...

  8. 30 CFR 1210.352 - Special forms and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... INTERIOR Natural Resources Revenue FORMS AND REPORTS Geothermal Resources § 1210.352 Special forms and... conformity with the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 and other applicable laws. [56 FR...

  9. 16 CFR 1210.4 - Test protocol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... live within the United States. (4) The age and sex distribution of each 100-child panel shall be: (i... recorded for each child in the 100-child test panel: (1) Sex (male or female). (2) Date of birth (month... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.4 Test protocol. (a) Child test...

  10. 16 CFR 1210.4 - Test protocol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... live within the United States. (4) The age and sex distribution of each 100-child panel shall be: (i... recorded for each child in the 100-child test panel: (1) Sex (male or female). (2) Date of birth (month... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.4 Test protocol. (a) Child test...

  11. 21 CFR 1210.27 - Permits waiving clauses 2 and 5, section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Federal Import Milk Act. 1210.27 Section 1210.27 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.27...

  12. 21 CFR 1210.27 - Permits waiving clauses 2 and 5, section 2 of the Federal Import Milk Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Federal Import Milk Act. 1210.27 Section 1210.27 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER CERTAIN OTHER ACTS ADMINISTERED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.27...

  13. Two rare diagnoses during chronic lymphocytic leukaemia follow-up: Kaposi's sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Dogu, Mehmet H; Sari, Ismail; Hacioglu, Sibel; Degirmencioglu, Serkan; Şen, Nilay; Keskin, Ali

    2016-02-01

    Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia often has a clinical presentation characterised by increased neoplastic lymphocytes which are mostly mature looking due to B lymphocytes. Increased secondary cancer prevalence has been detected among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosis. In this report, we present three chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients who developed secondary rare cancers during their follow-up at our clinic. Case 1: A 54-year-old female patient was diagnosed with stage I chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 2003 and was diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma in February 2013. Case 2: A 66-year-old male patient was diagnosed with stage II chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 2009 and was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma in March 2013. Case 3: A 77-year-old male patient was diagnosed with stage I chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 2006 and was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma in 2011. In conclusion, secondary cancers are observed in patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Therefore, follow-up of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia requires additional attention in this context. © The Author(s) 2016.

  14. Childhood leukaemia near nuclear sites in Belgium, 2002–2008

    PubMed Central

    Bollaerts, Kaatje; Simons, Koen; Van Bladel, Lodewijk; De Smedt, Tom; Sonck, Michel; Fierens, Sébastien; Poffijn, André; Geraets, David; Gosselin, Pol; Van Oyen, Herman; Francart, Julie

    2018-01-01

    This paper describes an ecological study investigating whether there is an excess incidence of acute leukaemia among children aged 0–14 years living in the vicinity of the nuclear sites in Belgium. Poisson regression modelling was carried out for proximity areas of varying sizes. In addition, the hypothesis of a gradient in leukaemia incidence with increasing levels of surrogate exposures was explored by means of focused hypothesis tests and generalized additive models. For the surrogate exposures, three proxies were used, that is, residential proximity to the nuclear site, prevailing winds and simulated radioactive discharges, on the basis of mathematical dispersion modelling. No excess incidence of acute leukaemia was observed around the nuclear power plants of Doel or Tihange nor around the nuclear site of Fleurus, which is a major manufacturer of radioactive isotopes in Europe. Around the site of Mol-Dessel, however, two- to three-fold increased leukaemia incidence rates were found in children aged 0–14 years living in the 0–5, 0–10 and the 0–15 km proximity areas. For this site, there was evidence for a gradient in leukaemia incidence with increased proximity, prevailing winds and simulated radioactive discharges, suggesting a potential link with the site that needs further investigation. An increased incidence of acute leukaemia in children aged 0–14 years was observed around one nuclear site that hosted reprocessing activities in the past and where nuclear research activities and radioactive waste treatment are ongoing. PMID:27380513

  15. Intelligent Techniques Using Molecular Data Analysis in Leukaemia: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine Support System

    PubMed Central

    Adelson, David; Brown, Fred; Chaudhri, Naeem

    2017-01-01

    The use of intelligent techniques in medicine has brought a ray of hope in terms of treating leukaemia patients. Personalized treatment uses patient's genetic profile to select a mode of treatment. This process makes use of molecular technology and machine learning, to determine the most suitable approach to treating a leukaemia patient. Until now, no reviews have been published from a computational perspective concerning the development of personalized medicine intelligent techniques for leukaemia patients using molecular data analysis. This review studies the published empirical research on personalized medicine in leukaemia and synthesizes findings across studies related to intelligence techniques in leukaemia, with specific attention to particular categories of these studies to help identify opportunities for further research into personalized medicine support systems in chronic myeloid leukaemia. A systematic search was carried out to identify studies using intelligence techniques in leukaemia and to categorize these studies based on leukaemia type and also the task, data source, and purpose of the studies. Most studies used molecular data analysis for personalized medicine, but future advancement for leukaemia patients requires molecular models that use advanced machine-learning methods to automate decision-making in treatment management to deliver supportive medical information to the patient in clinical practice. PMID:28812013

  16. Intelligent Techniques Using Molecular Data Analysis in Leukaemia: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine Support System.

    PubMed

    Banjar, Haneen; Adelson, David; Brown, Fred; Chaudhri, Naeem

    2017-01-01

    The use of intelligent techniques in medicine has brought a ray of hope in terms of treating leukaemia patients. Personalized treatment uses patient's genetic profile to select a mode of treatment. This process makes use of molecular technology and machine learning, to determine the most suitable approach to treating a leukaemia patient. Until now, no reviews have been published from a computational perspective concerning the development of personalized medicine intelligent techniques for leukaemia patients using molecular data analysis. This review studies the published empirical research on personalized medicine in leukaemia and synthesizes findings across studies related to intelligence techniques in leukaemia, with specific attention to particular categories of these studies to help identify opportunities for further research into personalized medicine support systems in chronic myeloid leukaemia. A systematic search was carried out to identify studies using intelligence techniques in leukaemia and to categorize these studies based on leukaemia type and also the task, data source, and purpose of the studies. Most studies used molecular data analysis for personalized medicine, but future advancement for leukaemia patients requires molecular models that use advanced machine-learning methods to automate decision-making in treatment management to deliver supportive medical information to the patient in clinical practice.

  17. Tracing the origins of relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia to stem cells.

    PubMed

    Shlush, Liran I; Mitchell, Amanda; Heisler, Lawrence; Abelson, Sagi; Ng, Stanley W K; Trotman-Grant, Aaron; Medeiros, Jessie J F; Rao-Bhatia, Abilasha; Jaciw-Zurakowsky, Ivana; Marke, Rene; McLeod, Jessica L; Doedens, Monica; Bader, Gary; Voisin, Veronique; Xu, ChangJiang; McPherson, John D; Hudson, Thomas J; Wang, Jean C Y; Minden, Mark D; Dick, John E

    2017-07-06

    In acute myeloid leukaemia, long-term survival is poor as most patients relapse despite achieving remission. Historically, the failure of therapy has been thought to be due to mutations that produce drug resistance, possibly arising as a consequence of the mutagenic properties of chemotherapy drugs. However, other lines of evidence have pointed to the pre-existence of drug-resistant cells. For example, deep sequencing of paired diagnosis and relapse acute myeloid leukaemia samples has provided direct evidence that relapse in some cases is generated from minor genetic subclones present at diagnosis that survive chemotherapy, suggesting that resistant cells are generated by evolutionary processes before treatment and are selected by therapy. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of therapy failure and capacity for leukaemic regeneration remain obscure, as sequence analysis alone does not provide insight into the cell types that are fated to drive relapse. Although leukaemia stem cells have been linked to relapse owing to their dormancy and self-renewal properties, and leukaemia stem cell gene expression signatures are highly predictive of therapy failure, experimental studies have been primarily correlative and a role for leukaemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukaemia relapse has not been directly proved. Here, through combined genetic and functional analysis of purified subpopulations and xenografts from paired diagnosis/relapse samples, we identify therapy-resistant cells already present at diagnosis and two major patterns of relapse. In some cases, relapse originated from rare leukaemia stem cells with a haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell phenotype, while in other instances relapse developed from larger subclones of immunophenotypically committed leukaemia cells that retained strong stemness transcriptional signatures. The identification of distinct patterns of relapse should lead to improved methods for disease management and monitoring in acute myeloid leukaemia

  18. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia: novel insights into the mechanisms of cure.

    PubMed

    de Thé, Hugues; Chen, Zhu

    2010-11-01

    The fusion oncogene, promyelocytic leukaemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor-α (RARA), initiates acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) through both a block to differentiation and increased self-renewal of leukaemic progenitor cells. The current standard of care is retinoic acid (RA) and chemotherapy, but arsenic trioxide also cures many patients with APL, and an RA plus arsenic trioxide combination cures most patients. This Review discusses the recent evidence that reveals surprising new insights into how RA and arsenic trioxide cure this leukaemia, by targeting PML-RARα for degradation. Drug-triggered oncoprotein degradation may be a strategy that is applicable to many cancers.

  19. Child and adolescent Down syndrome-associated leukaemia: the Irish experience.

    PubMed

    O'Rafferty, C; Kelly, J; Storey, L; Ryan, C; O'Marcaigh, A; Smith, O

    2015-12-01

    Down syndrome (DS), the most common syndromic chromosomal abnormality is associated with a unique susceptibility to develop both acute myeloid (ML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). These leukaemias differ from the non-DS-related types of leukaemia and are thought to be distinct biological entities. To perform a retrospective review of our experience of treating DS-related leukaemia at Our Lady's Children's Hospital. Data were extracted from a database established in 2000 to prospectively gather data on DS-associated leukaemias and their outcomes following polychemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed. Nineteen patients with DS-ML were treated and 19 with DS-ALL. Sixteen (84%) patients with DS-ML are alive and in complete remission with a median follow-up of 7 years. All deaths in this cohort were due to treatment-related mortality (TRM). Of the DS-ALL patients, 12 (63%) remain alive with a median follow-up of 3.6 years. TRM accounted for five of the six deaths. One death was due to leukaemic relapse. High cure rates are seen in DS-ML using contemporary polychemotherapy protocols, however, there is significant TRM in this cohort. DS-ALL does not have the same high cure rate as non-DS-ALL (>90%) and again this is mainly due to an excess of TRM.

  20. Case–control study of paternal occupation and childhood leukaemia in Great Britain, 1962–2006

    PubMed Central

    Keegan, T J; Bunch, K J; Vincent, T J; King, J C; O'Neill, K A; Kendall, G M; MacCarthy, A; Fear, N T; MFG, Murphy

    2012-01-01

    Background: Paternal occupational exposures have been proposed as a risk factor for childhood leukaemia. This study investigates possible associations between paternal occupational exposure and childhood leukaemia in Great Britain. Methods: The National Registry of Childhood Tumours provided all cases of childhood leukaemia born and diagnosed in Great Britain between 1962 and 2006. Controls were matched on sex, period of birth and birth registration subdistrict. Fathers' occupations were assigned to 1 or more of 33 exposure groups. Social class was derived from father's occupation at the time of the child's birth. Results: A total of 16 764 cases of childhood leukaemia were ascertained. One exposure group, paternal social contact, was associated with total childhood leukaemia (odds ratio 1.14, 1.05–1.23); this association remained significant when adjusted for social class. The subtypes lymphoid leukaemia (LL) and acute myeloid leukaemia showed increased risk with paternal exposure to social contact before adjustment for social class. Risk of other leukaemias was significantly increased by exposure to electromagnetic fields, persisting after adjustment for social class. For total leukaemia, the risks for exposure to lead and exhaust fumes were significantly <1. Occupationally derived social class was associated with risk of LL, with the risk being increased in the higher social classes. Conclusion: Our results showed some support for a positive association between childhood leukaemia risk and paternal occupation involving social contact. Additionally, LL risk increased with higher paternal occupational social class. PMID:22968649

  1. 7 CFR 1210.342 - Exemption from assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Expenses and Assessments § 1210.342 Exemption from assessment. (a) The Board may exempt watermelons used for nonfood purposes from the provisions of this Plan...

  2. 7 CFR 1210.331 - Programs and projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., effectuation and administration of appropriate programs or projects for advertising and other sales promotion...; (d) A prohibition on advertising or other promotion programs that make any reference to private brand... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Research and Promotion § 1210.331 Programs and...

  3. Severe Prolonged Cough as Presenting Manifestation of FIP1L1-PDGFRA+ Chronic Eosinophilic Leukaemia: A Widely Ignored Association.

    PubMed

    Roufosse, Florence; Heimann, Pierre; Lambert, Frédéric; Sidon, Pierre; Bron, Dominique; Cottin, Vincent; Cordier, Jean-François

    2016-01-01

    Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia associated with the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene (F/P+ CEL) is a rare cause of marked persistent hypereosinophilia, arising almost exclusively in male patients. Clinical presentations are heterogeneous with a higher incidence of eosinophil-mediated cardiomyopathy than in other hypereosinophilic syndrome variants. Features of chronic myeloproliferative disease are often present, including splenomegaly and elevated serum vitamin B12 levels. The diagnosis is made by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showing the deletion of the CHIC2 locus and/or RT-PCR showing the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcript. Treatment with imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, results in rapid and complete resolution of hypereosinophilia and associated symptoms, except for those related to sub-endocardial fibrosis that may be irreversible. We report the case of a male patient in whom isolated intractable cough remained the only clinical manifestation of F/P+ CEL for 4 years. Furthermore, eosinophil autofluorescence, an as yet unreported artefact in this setting, precluded the detection of the CHIC2 deletion and further delayed diagnosis, underlining that both FISH and RT-PCR should be performed when this disease is suspected. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  4. Oral complications and dental care in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Valéra, Marie-Cécile; Noirrit-Esclassan, Emmanuelle; Pasquet, Marléne; Vaysse, Fréderic

    2015-08-01

    Acute leukaemia is the most common type of childhood cancer, the acute lymphoblastic type accounting for the majority of cases. Children affected by leukaemia receive various forms of treatments including chemotherapeutic agents and stem cell transplants. Leukaemia and its treatment can directly or indirectly affect oral health and further dental treatments. The oral complications include mucositis, opportunistic infections, gingival inflammation and bleeding, xerostomia and carious lesions. An additional consideration in children is the impact of the treatments on the developing dentition and on orofacial growth. The aim of this review is to describe the oral complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the methods of prevention and management before, during and after the cancer treatment. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  5. RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation is frequent in leukaemia cell lines and associated with acute myeloid leukaemia inv(16) subtype.

    PubMed

    Estécio, Marcos R H; Maddipoti, Sirisha; Bueso-Ramos, Carlos; DiNardo, Courtney D; Yang, Hui; Wei, Yue; Kondo, Kimie; Fang, Zhihong; Stevenson, William; Chang, Kun-Sang; Pierce, Sherry A; Bohannan, Zachary; Borthakur, Gautam; Kantarjian, Hagop; Garcia-Manero, Guillermo

    2015-05-01

    Correlative and functional studies support the involvement of the RUNX gene family in haematological malignancies. To elucidate the role of epigenetics in RUNX inactivation, we evaluated promoter DNA methylation of RUNX1, 2, and 3 in 23 leukaemia cell lines and samples from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and myelodysplatic syndromes (MDS) patients. RUNX1 and RUNX2 gene promoters were mostly unmethylated in cell lines and clinical samples. Hypermethylation of RUNX3 was frequent among cell lines (74%) and highly variable among patient samples, with clear association to cytogenetic status. High frequency of RUNX3 hypermethylation (85% of the 20 studied cases) was found in AML patients with inv(16)(p13.1q22) compared to other AML subtypes (31% of the other 49 cases). RUNX3 hypermethylation was also frequent in ALL (100% of the six cases) but low in MDS (21%). In support of a functional role, hypermethylation of RUNX3 was correlated with low levels of protein, and treatment of cell lines with the DNA demethylating agent, decitabine, resulted in mRNA re-expression. Furthermore, relapse-free survival of non-inv(16)(p13.1q22) AML patients without RUNX3 methylation was significantly better (P = 0·016) than that of methylated cases. These results suggest that RUNX3 silencing is an important event in inv(16)(p13.1q22) leukaemias. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Photoaffinity analogues of methotrexate as folate antagonist binding probes. 2. Transport studies, photoaffinity labeling, and identification of the membrane carrier protein for methotrexate from murine L1210 cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Price, E.M.; Freisheim, J.H.

    1987-07-28

    A membrane-derived component of the methotrexate/one-carbon-reduced folate transport system in murine L1210 cells has been identified by using a photoaffinity analogue of methotrexate. The compound, a radioiodinated 4-azidosalicylyl derivative of the lysine analogue of methotrexate, is transported into murine L1210 cells in a temperature-dependent, sulfhydryl reagent inhibitable manner with a K/sub t/ of 506 +/- 79 nM and a V/sub max/ of 17.9 +/- 4.2 pmol min/sup -1/ (mg of total cellular protein)/sup -1/. Uptake of the iodinated compound at 200 nM is inhibited by low amounts of methotrexate. The parent compounds of the iodinated photoprobe inhibit (/sup 3/H)methotrexate uptake,more » with the uniodinated 4-azidosalicylyl derivative exhibiting a K/sub i/ of 66 +/- 21 nM. UV irradiation, at 4 /sup 0/C, of a cell suspension that had been incubated with the probe results in the covalent modification of a 46K-48K protein. This can be demonstrated when the plasma membranes from the labeled cells are analyzed via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Labeling of this protein occurs half-maximally at a reagent concentration that correlates with the K/sub t/ for transport of the iodinated compound. Protection against labeling of this protein by increasing amounts of methotrexate parallels the concentration dependence of inhibition of photoprobe uptake by methotrexate. Evidence that, in the absence of irradiation and at 37/sup 0/C, the iodinated probe is actually internalized is demonstrated by the labeling of two soluble proteins (M/sub r/ 38K and 21K) derived from the cell homogenate supernatant.« less

  7. 21 CFR 1210.22 - Form of tag.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.22 Form of tag. Each container of milk or cream shipped or... form, bearing the required information in clear and legible type: Product (State whether raw milk...

  8. 21 CFR 1210.22 - Form of tag.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS... IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.22 Form of tag. Each container of milk or cream shipped or... form, bearing the required information in clear and legible type: Product (State whether raw milk...

  9. 7 CFR 1210.363 - Suspension or termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... suspension of this Plan. The Secretary shall suspend or terminate this Plan at the end of the marketing year... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING... PROMOTION PLAN Watermelon Research and Promotion Plan Miscellaneous § 1210.363 Suspension or termination. (a...

  10. Alginate foam-based three-dimensional culture to investigate drug sensitivity in primary leukaemia cells.

    PubMed

    Karimpoor, Mahroo; Yebra-Fernandez, Eva; Parhizkar, Maryam; Orlu, Mine; Craig, Duncan; Khorashad, Jamshid S; Edirisinghe, Mohan

    2018-04-01

    The development of assays for evaluating the sensitivity of leukaemia cells to anti-cancer agents is becoming an important aspect of personalized medicine. Conventional cell cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the bone marrow (BM), the extracellular matrix and stromal components which are crucial for the growth and survival of leukaemia stem cells. To accurately predict the sensitivity of the leukaemia cells in an in vitro assay a culturing system containing the essential components of BM is required. In this study, we developed a porous calcium alginate foam-based scaffold to be used for 3D culture. The new 3D culture was shown to be cell compatible as it supported the proliferation of both normal haematopoietic and leukaemia cells. Our cell differential assay for myeloid markers showed that the porous foam-based 3D culture enhanced myeloid differentiation in both leukaemia and normal haematopoietic cells compared to two-dimensional culture. The foam-based scaffold reduced the sensitivity of the leukaemia cells to the tested antileukaemia agents in K562 and HL60 leukaemia cell line model and also primary myeloid leukaemia cells. This observation supports the application of calcium alginate foams as scaffold components of the 3D cultures for investigation of sensitivity to antileukaemia agents in primary myeloid cells. © 2018 The Author(s).

  11. Ibrutinib for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with 17p deletion (RESONATE-17): a phase 2, open-label, multicentre study.

    PubMed

    O'Brien, Susan; Jones, Jeffrey A; Coutre, Steven E; Mato, Anthony R; Hillmen, Peter; Tam, Constantine; Österborg, Anders; Siddiqi, Tanya; Thirman, Michael J; Furman, Richard R; Ilhan, Osman; Keating, Michael J; Call, Timothy G; Brown, Jennifer R; Stevens-Brogan, Michelle; Li, Yunfeng; Clow, Fong; James, Danelle F; Chu, Alvina D; Hallek, Michael; Stilgenbauer, Stephan

    2016-10-01

    response according to investigator assessment. In an extended analysis with median follow-up of 27·6 months (IQR 14·6-27·7), the investigator-assessed overall response was reported in 120 patients (83%, 95% CI 76-89). 24-month progression-free survival was 63% (95% CI 54-70) and 24-month overall survival was 75% (67-81). Sustained haematological improvement was noted in 72 (79%) of 91 patients with any baseline cytopenia. No clinically relevant changes were noted from baseline to 6 months or 24 months in IgA (median 0·4 g/L at baseline, 0·6 g/L at 6 months, and 0·7 g/L at 24 months), IgG (5·0 g/L, 5·3 g/L, and 4·9 g/L), or IgM (0·3 g/L at each timepoint) concentrations. Common reasons for treatment discontinuation were progressive disease in 34 (24%) patients and adverse events, unacceptable toxicity, or death in 24 (17%) patients. Major bleeding occurred in 13 (9%) patients (11 [8%] grade 3-4). Grade 3 or worse infections occurred in 43 (30%) patients, including pneumonia in 19 (13%) patients. In the extended analysis, 38 patients died, 18 as a result of adverse events (four pneumonia, three chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, two Richter's syndrome, two sepsis, and one each of acute myocardial infarction, septic shock, encephalopathy, general deterioration in physical health, abnormal hepatic function, myocardial infarction, and renal infarction). A high proportion of patients had an overall response to ibrutinib and the risk:benefit profile was favourable, providing further evidence for use of ibrutinib in the most difficult subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Ibrutinib represents a clinical advance in the treatment of patients with del17p chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and has been incorporated into treatment algorithms as a primary treatment for these patients. Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Enzyme and membrane markers in leukaemia: recent developments.

    PubMed Central

    Hoffbrand, A V; Janossy, G

    1981-01-01

    Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay has proved a valuable test for distinguishing lymphoblastic from myeloblastic leukaemias, particularly in adults whose blast cells are often negative for the c-ALL antigen. The immunofluorescence assay, particularly when used in combination with antisera to surface membrane antigens, has proved a sensitive technique for detecting small numbers of lymphoblasts in extramedullary sites, for example, testis or cerebrospinal fluid, or of residual Thy-ALL blasts in the marrow, which might otherwise be difficult to recognise. Differences in concentration of several enzymes concerned in purine metabolism have been detected between the blast cells in the various acute leukaemias. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) concentrations tend to be higher in Thy-ALL than in other forms of leukaemia, but the wide overlap reduces the diagnostic value of this assay. Thy-ALL blasts, however, appear to be selectively and exquisitely susceptible to inhibition of ADA by the drug deoxycoformycin, which has now been used sucessfully in a number of other wise resistant patients with Thy-ALL to obtain a complete remission. The recently introduced technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies has substantially widened the reagents available for analysing the membrane characteristics of bone marrow stem cells and of cell lineages derived from them. These have revealed previously unsuspected heterogeneity among different cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, for example, among Thy-ALL blasts from different patients, and they have also delineated minor populations of immature thymocytes from which these leukaemic cells are derived. The potential use of these antibodies to prevent graft-versus-host disease by selective removal of T-lymphocytes from donor bone marrow before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, or to prevent recurrence of Thy-ALL and other lymphoblastic leukaemias or lymphomas by selective removal of leukaemic or lymphoma

  13. Investigation of the inhibitors of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from traditional Chinese medicine.

    PubMed

    Chang, Y-L; Chen, H-Y; Chen, K-B; Chen, K-C; Chang, K-L; Chang, P-C; Chang, T-T; Chen, Y-C

    2016-07-01

    Leukaemia is the leading cause of childhood malignancies. Recent research indicates that the SETD2 gene is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. This study aims to identify potential lead compounds from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using virtual screening for SET domain containing 2 (SETD2) protein against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Docking simulation was performed to determine potential candidates which obtain suitable docking poses in the binding domain of the SETD2 protein. We also performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the stability of docking poses of SETD2 protein complexes with the top three TCM candidates and a control. According to the results of docking and MD simulation, coniselin and coniferyl ferulate have high binding affinity and stable interactions with the SETD2 protein. Coniselin is isolated from the alcoholic extract of Comiselinum vaginatum Thell. Coniferyl ferulate can be isolated from Angelica sinensis, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, and Notopterygium forbesii. Although S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine has more stable interactions with key residues in the binding domain than coniselin and coniferyl ferulate during MD simulation, the TCM compounds coniselin and coniferyl ferulate are still potential candidates as lead compounds for further study in the drug development process with the SETD2 protein against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

  14. 23 CFR 1210.5 - Certification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161, and this part. (b) The certification shall contain: (1) A copy of the State zero..., that the State has enacted and is enforcing a conforming zero tolerance law. The certifying statement... a zero tolerance law that conforms to the requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161 and 23 CFR 1210.4(c). (c) An...

  15. 23 CFR 1210.5 - Certification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161, and this part. (b) The certification shall contain: (1) A copy of the State zero..., that the State has enacted and is enforcing a conforming zero tolerance law. The certifying statement... a zero tolerance law that conforms to the requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161 and 23 CFR 1210.4(c). (c) An...

  16. 23 CFR 1210.5 - Certification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161, and this part. (b) The certification shall contain: (1) A copy of the State zero..., that the State has enacted and is enforcing a conforming zero tolerance law. The certifying statement... a zero tolerance law that conforms to the requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161 and 23 CFR 1210.4(c). (c) An...

  17. 23 CFR 1210.5 - Certification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161, and this part. (b) The certification shall contain: (1) A copy of the State zero..., that the State has enacted and is enforcing a conforming zero tolerance law. The certifying statement... a zero tolerance law that conforms to the requirements of 23 U.S.C. 161 and 23 CFR 1210.4(c). (c) An...

  18. Blastic natural killer cell leukaemia in a dog--a case report.

    PubMed

    Bonkobara, Makoto; Saito, Taro; Yamashita, Masahiro; Tamura, Kyoichi; Yagihara, Hiroko; Isotani, Mayu; Sato, Takashi; Washizu, Tsukimi

    2007-11-01

    A case of canine non-T, non-B lymphoid leukaemia was determined to be of natural killer (NK) cell lineage by detecting specific expression of canine CD56 mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although NK cells are usually considered to be morphologically large granular lymphocytes, the malignant NK cells in this case were agranular and blast-like, resembling human blastic NK cell leukaemia. The prognosis of human NK cell leukaemia is usually poor. In this case, the dog died 10 days after initial presentation, despite chemotherapy.

  19. 33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

  20. 33 CFR 155.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Response plan requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155.1210 Purpose and... vessel carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo. The requirements of this subpart are...

  1. 33 CFR 154.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1210 Purpose and applicability. (a) The requirements of this... fats or vegetable oils including— (1) A fixed MTR facility capable of transferring oil in bulk, to or...

  2. 33 CFR 155.1210 - Purpose and applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Response plan requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155.1210 Purpose and... vessel carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo. The requirements of this subpart are...

  3. 20 CFR 404.1210 - Optionally excluded services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Section 404.1210 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND... selectively by coverage groups. They are: (a) Services in any class or classes of elective positions; (b) Services in any class or classes of part-time positions; (c) Services in any class or classes of positions...

  4. Antibody therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Gasiorowski, Robin E; Clark, Georgina J; Bradstock, Kenneth; Hart, Derek N J

    2014-02-01

    Novel therapies with increased efficacy and decreased toxicity are desperately needed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The anti CD33 immunoconjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), was withdrawn with concerns over induction mortality and lack of efficacy. However a number of recent trials suggest that, particularly in AML with favourable cytogenetics, GO may improve overall survival. This data and the development of alternative novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have renewed interest in the area. Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) are identified as the subset of AML blasts that reproduces the leukaemic phenotype upon transplantation into immunosuppressed mice. AML relapse may be caused by chemoresistant LSC and this has refocused interest on identifying and targeting antigens specific for LSC. Several mAb have been developed that target LSC effectively in xenogeneic models but only a few have begun clinical evaluation. Antibody engineering may improve the activity of potential new therapeutics for AML. The encouraging results seen with bispecific T cell-engaging mAb-based molecules against CD19 in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphobalstic leukaemia, highlight the potential efficacy of engineered antibodies in the treatment of acute leukaemia. Potent engineered mAb, possibly targeting novel LSC antigens, offer hope for improving the current poor prognosis for AML. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  5. Oral manifestations as an early clinical sign of acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report.

    PubMed

    Guan, G; Firth, N

    2015-03-01

    Leukaemia is the most common malignancy in children and one of the most common malignancies in young adults. Acute myeloid leukaemia is often associated with early oral manifestations. The purpose of this study is to report the case of a 49-year-old male with spontaneous gingival bleeding for over two years with undiagnosed leukaemia. Haematological investigation was instigated and on referral to the Haematology Department at Dunedin Public Hospital, the diagnosis of an acute myeloid leukaemia was confirmed. Since oral lesions can be one of the early events of acute myeloid leukaemia, they may be considered as an important diagnostic indicator for oral health practitioners, and their roles in diagnosing and treating such patients. © 2015 Australian Dental Association.

  6. 36 CFR § 1210.32 - Real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Real property. § 1210.32....32 Real property. The NHPRC shall prescribe requirements for recipients concerning the use and disposition of real property acquired in whole or in part under awards. Unless otherwise provided by statute...

  7. 21 CFR 1210.31 - Hearing before prosecution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....31 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Hearings § 1210.31 Hearing before prosecution. Before violation of the act is referred to the Department of Justice for prosecution under section 5 of the Federal Import Milk Act, an...

  8. 21 CFR 1210.20 - Application for permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.20 Application for permit. Application for a permit to ship or transport milk or cream into the United States shall be made by the actual shipper upon forms...

  9. 21 CFR 1210.20 - Application for permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Permit Control § 1210.20 Application for permit. Application for a permit to ship or transport milk or cream into the United States shall be made by the actual shipper upon forms...

  10. 21 CFR 1210.31 - Hearing before prosecution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....31 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... FEDERAL IMPORT MILK ACT Hearings § 1210.31 Hearing before prosecution. Before violation of the act is referred to the Department of Justice for prosecution under section 5 of the Federal Import Milk Act, an...

  11. 36 CFR 1210.37 - Property trust relationship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Property trust relationship... Standards § 1210.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with NHPRC funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee...

  12. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia/lymphoma: towards a well defined entity?

    PubMed

    Garnache-Ottou, Francine; Feuillard, Jean; Saas, Philippe

    2007-02-01

    CD4(+)/CD56(+) haematodermic neoplasm or 'early' plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia/lymphoma (pDCL) was described as a disease entity in the last World Health Organisation/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification for cutaneous lymphomas. These leukaemia/lymphomas co-express CD4 and CD56 without any other lineage-specific markers and have been identified as arising from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Despite a fairly homogeneous pattern of markers expressed by most pDCL, numerous distinctive features (e.g. cytological aspects and aberrant marker expression) have been reported. This may be related to the 'lineage-independent developmental' programme of dendritic cells, which may be able to develop from either immature or already committed haematopoietic progenitors. This highlights the need for specific validated markers to diagnose such aggressive leukaemia. Here, we propose--among others (e.g. T-cell leukaemia 1)--blood dendritic cell antigen-2 and high levels of CD123 expression as potential markers. In addition, we propose a multidisciplinary approach including several fields of haematology to improve pDCL diagnosis.

  13. Effects of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 deficiency on mouse ova.

    PubMed

    Koyanagi, Sayaka; Hamasaki, Hiroko; Sekiguchi, Satoshi; Hara, Kenshiro; Ishii, Yoshiyuki; Kyuwa, Shigeru; Yoshikawa, Yasuhiro

    2012-03-01

    Maternal proteins are rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system during oocyte maturation in mice. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is highly and specifically expressed in mouse ova and is involved in the polyspermy block. However, the role of UCHL1 in the underlying mechanism of polyspermy block is poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to identify maternal proteins that were relevant to the role of UCHL1 in mouse ova using UCHL1-deficient gad. Furthermore, we assessed morphological features in gad mouse ova using transmission electron microscopy. NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing (NALP) family proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones were identified by proteomic analysis. We also found that the 'maternal antigen that embryos require' (NLRP5 (MATER)) protein level increased significantly in gad mouse ova compared with that in wild-type mice. In an ultrastructural study, gad mouse ova contained less ER in the cortex than in wild-type mice. These results provide new insights into the role of UCHL1 in the mechanism of polyspermy block in mouse ova.

  14. Effect of Sildenafil on Pre-Eclampsia-Like Mouse Model Induced By L-Name.

    PubMed

    Motta, C; Grosso, C; Zanuzzi, C; Molinero, D; Picco, N; Bellingeri, R; Alustiza, F; Barbeito, C; Vivas, A; Romanini, M C

    2015-08-01

    N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) decreases the vasodilator effect of nitric oxide (NO) and induces pre-eclampsia in mouse. Sildenafil inhibits the degradation of nitric oxide and increases vasodilation. This study aimed to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on angiogenesis and oxidative stress at the maternal foetal interface on pre-eclampsia-like mouse model induced by L-NAME. Twenty pregnant mice were divided into four groups: (i) vehicle control; (ii) L-NAME; (iii) sildenafil; (4) L-NAME+sildenafil. L-NAME was administered from day 7 of pregnancy and sildenafil from day 8 until day 16; animals were euthanized on day 17. Placental and foetal sizes and weights were measured; lipid peroxide levels and catalase activity in placental homogenates were determined, and placental vascular endothelia were identified by lectin-histochemistry using BSA-I lectin. Western blot analysis was used to determine VEGF expression in placental homogenates. No changes were seen in placental and foetal development in mice with normal pregnancies treated with sildenafil. Treatments with L-NAME reduced significantly the placental weight and average height and decreased the percentage of the endothelial surface. These alterations may be mediated by the reduction of NO levels in trophoblastic cells, due to the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) synthesis. This effect was offset by the treatment with sildenafil, with an increase in the percentage of the endothelial surface. In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment with sildenafil on pre-eclampsia mouse model can be used without adverse effects on the concept and its use in the treatment of pre-eclampsia is promising. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  15. Specific and Non-specific Clinical Presentations in the Year Before the Diagnosis of Childhood Leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Yang, TienYu Owen; Liu, Yen-Lin; Huang, Wan-Ting; Chen, Mei-Huei; Chen, Pau-Chung

    2016-08-01

    Clinical presentations of childhood leukaemia have been reported in case-only studies. The timing when these presentations start to occur prior to diagnosis is less clear. In this nested case-control study, 1,025 and 334 children with lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia, respectively, were matched (1:30) to population-based controls by sex, region and year of birth. An index date was assigned for each control when the matched case was diagnosed. Healthcare access records of cases and controls in the year before the index date were extracted. Children with lymphoid leukaemia started to visit doctors more often at least 2 months before leukaemia diagnosis (P < 0.05). Various presentations were recorded in these visits: rates of haematological presentations, musculoskeletal presentations, and injuries started to increase significantly at least 3 months before diagnosis; rates of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract presentations did not increase significantly until the last month. The findings for myeloid lymphoma were less clear, but children appeared to visit doctors more often at least 4 months before diagnosis, and the rate of haematological presentations also started to increase at least 4 months before leukaemia diagnosis. Although haematological presentations were most strongly associated with undiagnosed leukaemia (odds ratio > 290 in the last month), the majority (>96%) of children with haematological presentations did not have leukaemia if they had not been diagnosed in their first visit. We described a clinical picture in the year before leukaemia diagnosis. These findings revealed ongoing difficulties in early diagnosis of childhood leukaemia in healthcare settings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  16. ETV6-RUNX1 + Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Identical Twins.

    PubMed

    Ford, Anthony M; Greaves, Mel

    2017-01-01

    Acute leukaemia is the major subtype of paediatric cancer with a cumulative risk of 1 in 2000 for children up to the age of 15 years. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a biologically and clinically diverse disease with distinctive subtypes; multiple chromosomal translocations exist within the subtypes and each carries its own prognostic relevance. The most common chromosome translocation observed is the t(12;21) that results in an in-frame fusion between the first five exons of ETV6 (TEL) and almost the entire coding region of RUNX1 (AML1).The natural history of childhood ALL is almost entirely clinically silent and is well advanced at the point of diagnosis. It has, however, been possible to backtrack this process through molecular analysis of appropriate clinical samples: (i) leukaemic clones in monozygotic twins that are either concordant or discordant for ALL; (ii) archived neonatal blood spots or Guthrie cards from individuals who later developed leukaemia; and (iii) stored, viable cord blood cells.Here, we outline our studies on the aetiology and pathology of childhood ALL that provide molecular evidence for a monoclonal, prenatal origin of ETV6-RUNX1+ leukaemia in monozygotic identical twins. We provide mechanistic support for the concept that altered patterns of infection during early childhood can deliver the necessary promotional drive for the progression of ETV6-RUNX1+ pre-leukaemic cells into a postnatal overt leukaemia.

  17. Acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia-propagating cells are present at high frequency in diverse lymphoblast populations

    PubMed Central

    Rehe, Klaus; Wilson, Kerrie; Bomken, Simon; Williamson, Daniel; Irving, Julie; den Boer, Monique L; Stanulla, Martin; Schrappe, Martin; Hall, Andrew G; Heidenreich, Olaf; Vormoor, Josef

    2013-01-01

    Leukaemia-propagating cells are more frequent in high-risk acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia than in many malignancies that follow a hierarchical cancer stem cell model. It is unclear whether this characteristic can be more universally applied to patients from non-‘high-risk’ sub-groups and across a broad range of cellular immunophenotypes. Here, we demonstrate in a wide range of primary patient samples and patient samples previously passaged through mice that leukaemia-propagating cells are found in all populations defined by high or low expression of the lymphoid differentiation markers CD10, CD20 or CD34. The frequency of leukaemia-propagating cells and their engraftment kinetics do not differ between these populations. Transcriptomic analysis of CD34high and CD34low blasts establishes their difference and their similarity to comparable normal progenitors at different stages of B-cell development. However, consistent with the functional similarity of these populations, expression signatures characteristic of leukaemia propagating cells in acute myeloid leukaemia fail to distinguish between the different populations. Together, these findings suggest that there is no stem cell hierarchy in acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID:23229821

  18. Infection during remission induction in childhood leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    Chessells, Judith M; Leiper, Alison D

    1980-01-01

    We have analysed our experience in the management of suspected infection in a group of 221 children with acute leukaemia undergoing induction of first remission. Patients with suspected infection received early empirical antibiotic therapy with cephalothin and gentamicin pending results of bacteriological investigations. Infection occurred in 17% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) whose initial treatment comprised prednisolone and vincristine, and was serious in 6·5%. 27% of children with ALL treated with intensive induction had infections which were serious in 20%; the figures for children with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) were 49% and 22% respectively. The organisms responsible for most infections were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus; the former being most often associated with bacteraemia. One child (0·5%) died from infection. We conclude that with the use of early empirical antibiotic therapy, and granulocytes when appropriate, infection is no longer a major cause of death during remission induction. No special precautions are necessary to prevent its acquisition in most cases of ALL. In patients receiving early intensive treatment, including those with AML, measures designed to prevent acquisition of infection may reduce morbidity and enable the use of more effective chemotherapy. PMID:6929664

  19. The therapeutic power of play: examining the play of young children with leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Gariépy, N; Howe, N

    2003-11-01

    The therapeutic function of play has been investigated in relation to recognized stressors such as hospitalization, illness and medical treatments for ill children. While medical treatments in the past 30 years have improved survival rates, children's psychological experiences and quality of life during and after their illness have received limited attention. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of play on 3- to 5-year-old children with leukaemia compared with a control group of healthy children. The participants with leukaemia (n = 11) were from the external oncology clinic of an urban children's hospital; control children (n = 11) attended a day care centre. Measures included children's experience of stress, social and cognitive play behaviours, and daily mood. A series of manova revealed that the children with leukaemia, compared with the control children, engaged in (a) significantly fewer total play behaviours, and in particular less (b) parallel, (c) group and (d) dramatic play. Pearson correlations revealed significant relationships between reports of 'being happy' and play only for children with leukaemia. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed a pattern of repetitive play activities week after week for children with leukaemia, but not controls. Findings are discussed in light of the theoretical and practical implications for children undergoing treatment for leukaemia.

  20. Ecological association between indoor radon concentration and childhood leukaemia incidence in France, 1990-1998.

    PubMed

    Evrard, A S; Hémon, D; Billon, S; Laurier, D; Jougla, E; Tirmarche, M; Clavel, J

    2005-04-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological association between indoor radon concentration and acute leukaemia incidence among children under 15 years of age in the 348 geographical units (zones d'emploi, ZE) of France between 1990 and 1998. During that period, 4015 cases were registered by the French National Registry of Childhood Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Exposure assessment was based on a campaign of 13 240 measurements covering the whole country. The arithmetic mean radon concentration was 85 Bq/m (range, 15-387 Bq/m) and the geometric mean, 59 Bq/m (range: 13-228 Bq/m). A positive ecological association, on the borderline of statistical significance (P=0.053), was observed between indoor radon concentration and childhood leukaemia incidence. The association was highly significant for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (P=0.004) but not for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) (P=0.49). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) increased by 7, 3 and 24% for all acute leukaemia, ALL and AML, respectively, when radon concentration increased by 100 Bq/m. In conclusion, the present ecological study supports the hypothesis of a moderate association between indoor radon concentration and childhood acute myeloid leukaemia. It is consistent with most previous ecological studies. Since the association is moderate, this result does not appear inconsistent with the five published case-control studies, most of which found no significant association.

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