A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of the effects of fluid rate and/or presence of dextrose in intravenous fluids on the labor course of nulliparas.

PubMed

Fong, Alex; Serra, Allison E; Caballero, Deysi; Garite, Thomas J; Shrivastava, Vineet K

2017-08-01

Prolonged labor has been demonstrated to increase adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. A practice that may decrease the risk of prolonged labor is the modification of fluid intake during labor. Several studies demonstrated that increased hydration in labor as well as addition of dextrose-containing fluids may be associated with a decrease in length of labor. The purpose of our study was to characterize whether high-dose intravenous fluids, standard-dose fluids with dextrose, or high-dose fluids with dextrose show a difference in the duration of labor in nulliparas. Nulliparous subjects with singletons who presented in active labor were randomized to 1 of 3 groups of intravenous fluids: 250 mL/h of normal saline, 125 mL/h of 5% dextrose in normal saline, or 250 mL/h of 2.5% dextrose in normal saline. The primary outcome was total length of labor from initiation of intravenous fluid in vaginally delivered subjects. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery rate and length of second stage of labor, among other maternal and neonatal outcomes. In all, 274 subjects who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were no differences in baseline characteristics among the 3 groups. There was no difference in the primary outcome of total length of labor in vaginally delivered subjects among the 3 groups. First stage of labor duration, second stage of labor duration, and cesarean delivery rates were also equivalent. There were no differences identified in other secondary outcomes including clinical chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, blood loss, Apgar scores, or neonatal intensive care admission. There is no difference in length of labor or delivery outcomes when comparing high-dose intravenous fluids, addition of dextrose, or use of high-dose intravenous fluids with dextrose in nulliparous women who present in active labor. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The diagnosis and natural history of false preterm labor.

PubMed

Chao, Tamara T; Bloom, Steven L; Mitchell, Judith S; McIntire, Donald D; Leveno, Kenneth J

2011-12-01

To estimate the natural history of pregnancies in women who present with preterm labor symptoms and who are sent home with a diagnosis of false labor. A prospective observational study of women with singletons and intact membranes who presented to triage between 24 0/7 and 33 6/7 weeks of gestation with preterm labor symptoms and cervical dilation less than 2 cm was conducted. Women sent home with a diagnosis of false preterm labor were analyzed against a comparable general obstetric population delivered during the same time period. The primary outcome was delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes included the interval between presentation and delivery, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. Of the 843 women who met inclusion criteria, 690 (82%) were sent home with a diagnosis of false preterm labor and 153 (18%) were admitted to labor and delivery. When analyzed compared with a comparable general obstetric population, women sent home had a similar rate of birth before 34 weeks of gestation (2% compared with 1%, P=.28) but a higher rate of birth between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation (5% compared with 2%, P<.001). There was no difference in neonatal mortality (0% compared with 0.3%, P=.18). Women with cervical dilation of 1 cm at discharge were more likely to deliver before 34 weeks of gestation compared with nondilated women (5% compared with 1%, P=.02); however, 89% of the 1-cm group delivered more than 21 days after presentation. Women sent home with a diagnosis of false preterm labor are not at increased risk for early preterm birth or neonatal mortality; however, they are at increased risk for late preterm birth. II.

Labor and the Supreme Court: Significant Issues of 1989-90.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hukill, Craig

1990-01-01

In contrast to its 1988 term, the Supreme Court's new term presents less controversial, though still important, labor issues in such areas as public-sector labor relations, pensions, occupational safety and health, employment discrimination, and workers' compensation. (Author)

[Active management of labor].

PubMed

Ruiz Ortiz, E; Villalobos Román, M; Flores Murrieta, G; Sotomayor Alvarado, L

1991-01-01

Eighty three primigravidae patients at the end of latency labor, erased cervix, 3 cm dilation, vertex presentation and adequate pelvis, were studied. Two groups were formed: 53 patients in the study group, who received active management of labor, and 30 patients in the control group, treated in the traditional way. In all the patients a graphic recording of labor, was carried out; it included all the events, and as labor advanced, a signoidal curve of cervical dilatation, was registered, as well as the hyperbolic one for presentation descent. The study group received the method in a systematized manner, as follows: 1. Peridular block. 2. Amniotomy. 3. IV oxytocin one hour after amniotomy. 4. FCR monitoring. 5. Detection of dystocia origin. Materno-fetal morbidity was registered in both groups, as well as cesarean section rate, instrumental delivery and its indications, labor duration, and time of stay in labor room. Diminution of above intems and opportune detection of dystocia, were determined. It was concluded that a constructive action plan, starting at hospital admission in most healthy women, allows a normal delivery of brief duration.

Care Practice #2: Freedom of Movement Throughout Labor

PubMed Central

Shilling, Teri; Romano, Amy M.; DiFranco, Joyce T.

2007-01-01

This updated edition of Care Practice Paper #2 presents the evidence for the benefits of allowing freedom of movement in labor. Physiologic and anatomical principles that support the benefits of movement are explained. The authors review common obstacles to movement in labor, including the routine use of interventions that inhibit women's ability to walk or change position. Women are encouraged to plan to be active in labor and to select care providers and birth settings that provide the full range of options for using movement in labor. PMID:18566644

MIGRATORY LABOR IN COLORADO.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DOUGLASS, M.R.; AND OTHERS

CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF SEASONAL FARM WORKERS AND MIGRANTS IN COLORADO ARE PRESENTED. THE FIVE MAJOR SEASONAL FARM LABOR STATE EMPLOYMENT AREAS ARE SURVEYED ACCORDING TO (1) THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SEASONAL FARM LABOR (4) TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, (5) COMMUNITY ATTITUDES AND…

Labor Comes into Its Own.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wehrle, Edmund F.

1996-01-01

Presents a concise and interesting overview of the rise and extension of labor activity during the New Deal. Labor took advantage of Roosevelt's pro-union policies to consolidate their power and forever transform the lives of working men and women. Discusses improvements in working conditions, wages, and benefits. (MJP)

Korean Emotional Laborers' Job Stressors and Relievers: Focus on Work Conditions and Emotional Labor Properties.

PubMed

Lee, Garam

2015-12-01

The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed.

29 CFR 4044.11 - Priority category 1 benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... priority category 1 with respect to that participant is the present value of that annuity. ... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Priority category 1 benefits. 4044.11 Section 4044.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PLAN TERMINATIONS ALLOCATION OF...

Internal Labor Markets: An Empirical Investigation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahoney, Thomas A.; Milkovich, George T.

Methods of internal labor market analysis for three organizational areas are presented, along with some evidence about the validity and utility of conceptual descriptions of such markets. The general concept of an internal labor market refers to the process of pricing and allocation of manpower resources with an employing organization and rests…

The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention for Labor: An Experimental Study.

PubMed

Beevi, Zuhrah; Low, Wah Yun; Hassan, Jamiyah

2017-10-01

Hypnosis has been shown to help pregnant women experience improved labor and postpartum periods. The present study compares the differences between experimental (n = 23) and control groups (n = 22) on specific variables measured both during labor and 24 hr postpartum. The participants in the experimental group received the hypnosis intervention at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 of pregnancy, while those in the control group received only routine antenatal care. The data collected at the labor stage describe the length of the labor stage, pain relief used during labor, the method of delivery, and the type of assisted vaginal delivery. Within 24 hr of delivery, data on neonatal birth weight, neonatal Apgar scores, and self-reported pain were obtained. The labor stage results showed no significant differences in the length of the second and third stages of labor. Although the participants in the experimental group reported higher pain levels immediately prior to, during, and immediately after delivery, their use of pethidine during labor was significantly lower than the control group participants. None of the experimental group participants opted for an epidural, and they had a greater number of assisted vaginal deliveries than the control group participants. The 24 hr postpartum results showed that the neonates of the experimental group participants had nonsignificantly higher Apgar scores than those of the women in the control group. Group differences in neonatal weight were not significant. The results of the present study indicate that hypnosis is useful for assisting pregnant women during labor and the postpartum period.

Fetal presentation and successful twin vaginal delivery.

PubMed

Easter, Sarah Rae; Lieberman, Ellice; Carusi, Daniela

2016-01-01

Despite the demonstrated safety of a trial of labor for pregnancies with a vertex-presenting twin and clinical guidelines in support of this plan, the rate of planned cesarean delivery for twin pregnancies remains high. This high rate, as well as variation in cesarean rates for twin pregnancies across providers, may be influenced strongly by concern about delivery of the second twin, particularly when it is in a nonvertex presentation. There are limited data in the literature that has examined the impact of the position of the nonpresenting twin on successful vaginal delivery or maternal/neonatal morbidity. We hypothesized that nonvertex presentation of the second twin would be associated with lower rates of successful vaginal birth for those patients attempting labor. This institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study of women who labored with twin pregnancies in a single urban hospital from 2007-2011. We included women with vertex-presenting first twins at >32 weeks gestation without a contraindication to labor and excluded those with uterine scar or lethal fetal anomaly. Vaginal delivery rates were evaluated according to vertex or nonvertex presentation of the second twin at admission and again at delivery. Maternal and neonatal morbidities were evaluated separately. Logistic regression was used to control for multiple confounders. Seven hundred sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria; 349 patients (49%) underwent a trial of labor. This included 73% (296/406) of eligible vertex/vertex twins and 17% (53/310) eligible vertex/nonvertex twins (P < .01). When compared with laboring patients with vertex/vertex-presenting twins, those with vertex/nonvertex twins were younger (median age, 32 vs 33 years; P = .05), were more often multiparous (60% vs 43%; P = .02), and were less likely to have hypertension (13% vs 27%; P = .03). Eighty-five percent of patients with nonvertex second twins at admission delivered vaginally, compared with 70% of patients with vertex second twins (P = .02). After we controlled for confounders, the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-4.73). In the subset of patients with nonvertex second twins at delivery, those who initiated labor had an 89% vaginal delivery rate, compared with a 56% rate for those who changed from vertex to nonvertex presentation during labor (adjusted odds ratio, 19.90; 95% confidence interval, 3.86-102.78). Labor induction and increasing provider years in practice were also significant positive predictors of vaginal birth when the second twin was nonvertex at delivery. Maternal and neonatal morbidity was low and similar between groups, although 8% of women with nonvertex second twins experienced cervical lacerations, compared with 1% with vertex second twins (P = .01). Patients with nonvertex second twins had comparable, if not higher, rates of vaginal delivery than their vertex-presenting counterparts. The higher rate of vaginal delivery with stable nonvertex lie and the association with labor induction and the physician's years in practice all suggest a role for provider selection and delivery planning. These findings and the observed 11% rate of intrapartum presentation change support vaginal delivery of the nonvertex second twin. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Maternal and neonatal hyponatremia during labor: a case series.

PubMed

Solomon, Neta; Many, Ariel; Orbach, Rotem; Mandel, Dror; Shinar, Shiri

2018-03-12

Hyponatremia during labor and delivery may result in severe maternal and neonatal sequelae. Our aim was to describe the direct effect of hyponatremia in labor on pregnancy outcome. A case series of parturients diagnosed with hyponatremia during labor and their neonates. Clinical presentation, laboratory workup, and maternal and neonatal outcomes are presented. Four parturients and their corresponding six neonates were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Of these, two cases were caused by water intoxication and two were preeclampsia induced. While two were identified due to maternal or neonatal symptoms, two were diagnosed by routine laboratory testing. In all cases, low maternal sodium resulted in similarly low neonatal sodium. Neonatal symptoms included respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), lethargy, and jaundice. Psychogenic drinking during labor and preeclampsia may predispose to maternal hyponatremia, resulting in neonatal hyponatremia. Early recognition and treatment can prevent further maternal deterioration and adverse neonatal sequelae.

Labor Dystocia: A Common Approach to Diagnosis.

PubMed

Neal, Jeremy L; Lowe, Nancy K; Schorn, Mavis N; Holley, Sharon L; Ryan, Sharon L; Buxton, Margaret; Wilson-Liverman, Angela M

2015-01-01

Contemporary labor and birth population norms should be the basis for evaluating labor progression and determining slow progress that may benefit from intervention. The aim of this article is to present guidelines for a common, evidence-based approach for determination of active labor onset and diagnosis of labor dystocia based on a synthesis of existing professional guidelines and relevant contemporary publications. A 3-point approach for diagnosing active labor onset and classifying labor dystocia-related labor aberrations into well-defined, mutually exclusive categories that can be used clinically and validated by researchers is proposed. The approach comprises identification of 1) an objective point that strictly defines active labor onset (point of active labor determination); 2) an objective point that identifies when labor progress becomes atypical, beyond which interventions aimed at correcting labor dystocia may be justified (point of protraction diagnosis); and 3) an objective point that identifies when interventions aimed at correcting labor dystocia, if used, can first be determined to be unsuccessful, beyond which assisted vaginal or cesarean birth may be justified (earliest point of arrest diagnosis). Widespread adoption of a common approach for diagnosing labor dystocia will facilitate consistent evaluation of labor progress, improve communications between clinicians and laboring women, indicate when intervention aimed at speeding labor progress or facilitating birth may be appropriate, and allow for more efficient translation of safe and effective management strategies into clinical practice. Correct application of the diagnosis of labor dystocia may lead to a decrease in the rate of cesarean birth, decreased health care costs, and improved health of childbearing women and neonates. © 2015 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Korean Emotional Laborers' Job Stressors and Relievers: Focus on Work Conditions and Emotional Labor Properties

PubMed Central

Lee, Garam

2015-01-01

Background The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Methods Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. Results The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. Conclusion From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed. PMID:26929847

Characteristic features of determining the labor input and estimated cost of the development and manufacture of equipment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurmanaliyev, T. I.; Breslavets, A. V.

1974-01-01

The difficulties in obtaining exact calculation data for the labor input and estimated cost are noted. The method of calculating the labor cost of the design work using the provisional normative indexes with respect to individual forms of operations is proposed. Values of certain coefficients recommended for use in the practical calculations of the labor input for the development of new scientific equipment for space research are presented.

Labor patterns in twin gestations

PubMed Central

Leftwich, Heidi K.; Zaki, Mary N.; Wilkins, Isabelle; Hibbard, Judith U.

2014-01-01

Objective To compare labor progression in twin vs singleton gestations. Study Design Retrospective review of electronic database created by Consortium on Safe Labor, reflecting labor and delivery information from 12 clinical centers 2002-2008. Women with twin gestations, cephalic presentation of presenting twin, gestational age ≥34 weeks, with ≥2 cervical examinations were included. Exclusion criteria were fetal anomalies or demise. Singleton controls were selected by the same criteria. Categorical variables were analyzed by χ2; continuous by Student t test. Interval censored regression was used to determine distribution for time of cervical dilation in centimeters, or “traverse times,” and controlled for confounding factors. Repeated-measures analysis constructed mean labor curves by parity and number of fetuses. Results A total of 891 twin gestations were compared with 100,513 singleton controls. Twin gestations were more often older, white or African American, earlier gestational age, increased prepregnancy body mass index, and with lower birthweight. There was no difference in number of prior cesarean deliveries, induction, or augmentation, or epidural use. Median traverse times increased at every centimeter interval in nulliparous twins, in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis (P < .01). A similar pattern was noted for multiparas in both analyses. Labor curves demonstrated a delayed inflection point in the labor pattern for nulliparous and multiparous twin gestations. Conclusion Both nulliparous and multiparous women have slower progression of active phase labor with twins even when controlling for confounding factors. PMID:23871795

In the Eye of the Beholder: Emotional Labor in Academia Varies with Tenure and Gender

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tunguz, Sharmin

2016-01-01

Expanding from the customer-service perspective, the present research investigated emotional labor, defined as "service with authority," in an academic context. Drawing from previous research on display rules and power, tenure and gender were hypothesized to influence the extent to which college faculty labored to provide "service…

Advancing Student Achievement through Labor-Management Collaboration (Denver, Colorado, February 15-16, 2011)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2011

2011-01-01

This paper presents the highlights of a conference entitled "Advancing Student Achievement through Labor-Management Collaboration" held in Denver, Colorado last February 15-16, 2011. This first-of-its-kind conference on labor-management collaboration is a historic effort to transform the relationships among local superintendents, school…

Labor in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamermesh, Daniel S., Ed.

Originally presented at a Conference on Labor in Nonprofit Industry and Government held at Princeton University, the studies are the first to provide an economic discussion of the public sector labor market. Melvin Reder examines the effect of the absence of the profit motive on employment and wage determination in the public sector. Orley…

Caring for women in early labor: can we delay admission and meet women's needs?

PubMed

Marowitz, Amy

2014-01-01

Early labor poses challenges for women and their health care providers. Qualitative research shows that women may have a hard time determining when labor begins and when to seek care, are unprepared for the realities of this part of labor, find it difficult to manage early labor at home, and often desire admission before active labor. Yet a primary clinical management goal in early labor is the delay of admission until active labor. This is based on evidence that admission before active labor is associated with higher rates of cesarean birth and interventions such as oxytocin augmentation and epidural analgesia. The reasons for the higher rates of intervention are not known, but may include the effect of the hospital environment, inherent problems with the labor, misdiagnosis of active labor, provider impatience, and institutional policies not compatible with the care of women in early labor. Programs to decrease early admission have had mixed results. Thus, a tension exists between the goal of delaying admission until active labor in order to decrease the incidence of unnecessary interventions and women's difficulty with managing this part of labor at home. In this case report, the midwife provides a significant amount of care and support before admission through phone calls and outpatient visits; however, admission occurred prior to active labor. Supportive care continued in the hospital, and the labor and birth occurred with little intervention. Strategies that can be used to optimize the management and experience of early labor are presented. © 2014 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Emotion regulation in the workplace: a new way to conceptualize emotional labor.

PubMed

Grandey, A A

2000-01-01

The topic of emotions in the workplace is beginning to garner closer attention by researchers and theorists. The study of emotional labor addresses the stress of managing emotions when the work role demands that certain expressions be shown to customers. However, there has been no overarching framework to guide this work, and the previous studies have often disagreed on the definition and operationalization of emotional labor. The purposes of this article are as follows: to review and compare previous perspectives of emotional labor, to provide a definition of emotional labor that integrates these perspectives, to discuss emotion regulation as a guiding theory for understanding the mechanisms of emotional labor, and to present a model of emotional labor that includes individual differences (such as emotional intelligence) and organizational factors (such as supervisor support).

Prospective areas in the production technology of scientific equipment for space research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breslavets, A. V.

1974-01-01

The average labor of individual types of operations in the percentage ratio of the total labor consumption of manufacturing scientific instruments and apparatus for space research is presented. The prospective areas in the production technology of billet, machining, mechanical assembly, installation and assembly, adjustment and regulation and testing and control operations are noted. Basic recommendations are made with respect to further reduction of labor consumption and an increase in the productivity of labor when manufacturing scientific equipment for space research.

Objective diagnosis of arrested labor on transperineal ultrasound.

PubMed

Nishimura, Kazuaki; Yoshimura, Kazuaki; Kubo, Tatsuhiko; Hachisuga, Toru

2016-07-01

Recent developments in transperineal ultrasound imaging of the pelvis have prompted trials to objectively evaluate labor progression for labor management. We evaluated the accuracy of transperineal ultrasound in diagnosing arrest of labor. Transperineal ultrasound and digital pelvic examinations were performed simultaneously in 63 term laboring patients (singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation). We analyzed a total of 216 ultrasound images (Sonography Volume Computer Aided Display Labor [Sono VCAD Labor®] installed in Voluson E8 ultrasound). We examined the correlation between the three ultrasound parameters head direction (HD), progression distance (PD), and progression angle (PA), and digital pelvic examination findings during labor in a transvaginal delivery group and an arrested labor group. The coefficient of correlations between HD/PD/PA and cervical dilation/fetal station were 0.667/0.657/0.706 and 0.667/0.751/0.803, respectively. The three parameters had strong correlations with digital pelvic examination (P < 0.05). In the 11 cases (17%) of cesarean section due to arrested labor, the position of the fetal head was visually unchanged on sequential ultrasound images. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, the significant cut-offs for HD, PD, and PA for arrested labor were 105° (P = 0.048), 35 mm (P = 0.048), and 120° (P = 0.001), respectively. Transperineal ultrasound imaging is helpful for objective evaluation of labor progression and the diagnosis of arrested labor. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Women in the Labor Force: Trends, Consequences, and Policy Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Musewicz, John; And Others

In this paper changes in labor force participation for women in North Carolina are examined and projected into the future. The projections demonstrate that the number of employed females, especially mothers, will be much greater in the future than at present. Thus, the issues related to female labor force participation will be even more salient in…

Marital and Family Characteristics of the Labor Force in March 1976. Special Labor Force Report 206.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Beverly L.; Hayghe, Howard

Based on information from supplementary questions in the March 1976 Current Population Survey, the report presents data which indicate that women are contributing increasingly to family incomes. Analysis of the information reveals that the marital composition of the American labor force has changed significantly since 1970. A rapidly growing youth…

The Canadian Labour Market: Readings in Manpower Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kruger, A.M., Ed.; Meltz, N.M., Ed.

Canadian manpower problems were researched by a group of economists at the University of Toronto in areas of interest to manpower planners and students of the labor market. The dissatisfaction of policy makers with the present operation of the labor market is discussed in three areas: (1) inadequate output due to alleged labor shortages, (2)…

Labor Trends: Overview of the United States, New York City, and Long Island. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Cheryl

This document summarizes employment statistics and trends, with a geographic emphasis on areas where Queensborough Community College (New York) students and graduates seek employment. Data are presented on the following: (1) current and projected United States labor force; (2) occupational outlook; (3) employment status of civilian labor force 25…

Minorities in the Labor Market. Volume III: Metropolitan and Regional Inequalities Among Minorities in the Labor Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilber, George L.; Hagan, Robert J.

Data are presented on the employment inequalities among color-ethnic minorities in major regions and metropolitan areas in the U.S. Achievements of minorities are summarized in brief profiles of each of eight ethnic minorities. Emphasis is placed on their labor force participation, employment, occupational achievement, mobility, weeks worked, and…

Repetitive Breech Presentations at Term

PubMed Central

Zigo, Imrich; Sivakova, Jana; Moricova, Petra; Kapustova, Ivana; Krivus, Stefan; Danko, Jan

2013-01-01

The authors present a case of 38-year-old laboring woman with four-time repetitive breech presentation of the fetus at term. This rare condition affects the mode of delivery and represents serious obstetrical problem as it is associated with increased perinatal morbidity or mortality. The authors give details on risk factors for breech presentation, its diagnosis, and the discussion points on possible causes leading to repetitive breeches in laboring women. PMID:23984133

The state of the heart: Emotional labor as emotion regulation reviewed and revised.

PubMed

Grandey, Alicia A; Melloy, Robert C

2017-07-01

Emotional labor has been an area of burgeoning research interest in occupational health psychology in recent years. Emotional labor was conceptualized in the early 1980s by sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1983) as occupational requirements that alienate workers from their emotions. Almost 2 decades later, a model was published in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology ( JOHP ) that viewed emotional labor through a psychological lens, as emotion regulation strategies that differentially relate to performance and wellbeing. For this anniversary issue of JOH P, we review the emotional labor as emotion regulation model, its contributions, limitations, and the state of the evidence for its propositions. At the heart of our article, we present a revised model of emotional labor as emotion regulation, that incorporates recent findings and represents a multilevel and dynamic nature of emotional labor as emotion regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Effects of epidural lidocaine analgesia on labor and delivery: A randomized, prospective, controlled trial

PubMed Central

Nafisi, Shahram

2006-01-01

Background Whether epidural analgesia for labor prolongs the active-first and second labor stages and increases the risk of vacuum-assisted delivery is a controversial topic. Our study was conducted to answer the question: does lumbar epidural analgesia with lidocaine affect the progress of labor in our obstetric population? Method 395 healthy, nulliparous women, at term, presented in spontaneous labor with a singleton vertex presentation. These patients were randomized to receive analgesia either, epidural with bolus doses of 1% lidocaine or intravenous, with meperidine 25 to 50 mg when their cervix was dilated to 4 centimeters. The duration of the active-first and second stages of labor and the neonatal apgar scores were recorded, in each patient. The total number of vacuum-assisted and cesarean deliveries were also measured. Results 197 women were randomized to the epidural group. 198 women were randomized to the single-dose intravenous meperidine group. There was no statistical difference in rates of vacuum-assisted delivery rate. Cesarean deliveries, as a consequence of fetal bradycardia or dystocia, did not differ significantly between the groups. Differences in the duration of the active-first and the second stages of labor were not statistically significant. The number of newborns with 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores less than 7, did not differ significantly between both analgesia groups. Conclusion Epidural analgesia with 1% lidocaine does not prolong the active-first and second stages of labor and does not increase vacuum-assisted or cesarean delivery rate. PMID:17176461

Use of lubricant gel to shorten the second stage of labor during vaginal delivery.

PubMed

Aquino, Carmen Imma; Saccone, Gabriele; Troisi, Jacopo; Zullo, Fulvio; Guida, Maurizio; Berghella, Vincenzo

2018-05-27

Vaginal application of lubricant during labor has been studied to shorten the length of the second stage of labor. To evaluate whether vaginal application of lubricant shortens the second stage of labor. Electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 2018. No restrictions for language or geographic location were applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of lubricant of the vaginal canal (ie intervention group) with a control group (ie no lubricant) in pregnant women with singleton gestation and cephalic presentation undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. Trials on other interventions that might impact second stage of labor (pushing methods, perineal massage, Ritgen's maneuver, etc.) were not included. All analyses were done using an intention-to-treat approach. The primary outcome was the length of the second stage of labor. Pooled analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to produce summary treatment effects in terms of mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Three RCTs including 512 women evaluating the effect of lubricant application during labor were included in the meta-analysis. All trials included pregnant women with singleton gestations in cephalic presentation at term undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery. One trial included only nulliparous women, while the other two included both nulliparous and multiparous women. Lubricant application started in the first stage before the active phase of labor, and was done intermittently by the midwife or the physician. A sterile gel was applied into the vaginal canal manually or with an applicator. All trials used water-soluble gel. The quantity of gel used was about 2-5 ml for each vaginal examination. There were no statistically significant differences, comparing women who received lubricant gel during labor with those who did not, in the lengths of second stage of labor (MD -7.11 minutes, 95% CI -15.60-1.38), of the first stage of labor, or of the active phase of the first stage of labor. No between-group differences were noticed in the risk of perineal lacerations, mode of delivery, and in the neonatal outcomes. Vaginal application of lubricant during labor does not reduce the length of the second stage of labor in pregnant women with singleton gestations undergoing an attempt at spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.

Taxes in a Labor Supply Model with Joint Wage-Hours Determination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosen, Harvey S.

1976-01-01

Payroll and progressive income taxes play an enormous role in the American fiscal system. The purpose of this study is to present some econometric evidence on the effects of taxes on married women, a group of growing importance in the American labor force. A testable model of labor supply is developed which permits statistical estimation of a…

The PartoPen: Using Digital Pen Technology to Improve Maternal Labor Monitoring in the Developing World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, Heather Marie

2013-01-01

This dissertation presents the PartoPen, a new approach to addressing maternal labor monitoring challenges in developing countries. The PartoPen is a hardware and software system that uses digital pen technology to enhance, rather than replace, the paper-based labor monitoring tool known as the partograph. In the developing world, correct use of…

[Immigrants and the labor market: a new age of immigration?].

PubMed

Dechaux, J

1991-04-01

Trends in migration to France since the 1974 legislation restricting immigration are described. The author notes that the growing integration of pre-1974 immigrants into the labor force and society is accompanied by a growth in illegal immigration. He concludes that the present situation concerning immigrant labor remains fluid, and that the characteristics of immigrants are extremely diverse. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Special considerations--Induction of labor in low-resource settings.

PubMed

Smid, Marcela; Ahmed, Yusuf; Ivester, Thomas

2015-10-01

Induction of labor in resource-limited settings has the potential to significantly improve health outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, there are relatively little context-specific data to guide practice, and few specific guidelines. Also, there may be considerable issues regarding the facilities and organizational capacities necessary to support safe practices in many aspects of obstetrical practice, and for induction of labor in particular. Herein we describe the various opportunities as well as challenges presented by induction of labor in these settings. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Maritime labor-management affiliation guide 2000

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

This guide presents brief descriptions of major maritime management and trade organizations, seafaring labor organizations and their affiliations. Also included are U.S.-flag ship owner/operator companies, and their union affiliations. A directory of...

Visiting the Competition. The Report of a Trip by Connecticut Educators, Business People and Labor Leaders To Study Apprentice Programs in Europe in June, 1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut State Council on Vocational-Technical Education, Hartford.

This report presents the views of a group of Connecticut educators, business people, and labor leaders to Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, where they visited businesses, schools, the chamber of commerce, a labor exchange center, and representatives of the German state's parliament. They learned about the German system of apprenticeship. The observers…

The Convergence of Institutional Logics on the Community College Sector and the Normalization of Emotional Labor: A New Theoretical Approach for Considering the Community College Faculty Labor Expectations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzales, Leslie D.; Ayers, David F.

2018-01-01

Little empirical research has systematically focused on, or interrogated, the labor expectations set forth for community college faculty. Thus, in this paper, we present a theoretical argument, which we formed by (re) reading several community college focused studies through various theoretical lenses. Ultimately, we merged two…

29 CFR 453.9 - “Handling” of funds or other property by personnel functioning as a governing body.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... functioning as a governing body. 453.9 Section 453.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR... Bonded § 453.9 “Handling” of funds or other property by personnel functioning as a governing body. (a)(1... will be presented by those who, as trustees or members of an executive board or similar governing body...

29 CFR 453.9 - “Handling” of funds or other property by personnel functioning as a governing body.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... functioning as a governing body. 453.9 Section 453.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR... Bonded § 453.9 “Handling” of funds or other property by personnel functioning as a governing body. (a)(1... will be presented by those who, as trustees or members of an executive board or similar governing body...

[The impact of the system of remuneration of labor of medical personnel on the quality and effectiveness of medical care].

PubMed

2011-01-01

The article presents the comparative evaluation of patients' satisfaction with medical care. The sociologic survey data was collected twice--before and after implementation of new system of remuneration of labor in curative preventive medical institution. The results demonstrate that the transition to new systems of remuneration of labor is a practicable and perspective direction of health care modernization.

Patriarchy, family structure and the exploitation of women's labor.

PubMed

Heath, J A; Ciscel, D H

1988-09-01

The authors present a case for including the patriarchal model into the analysis of female labor force participation in the United States. They argue that only if it is assumed that the division of labor and distribution of goods and services are structured to benefit the male head of the family can various trends be explained, including the low relative income of women compared to men, the increase in female labor force participation without a corresponding increase in household work by men, and the increasing number of divorces initiated by women despite the fact that divorce increases female poverty.

Cortisol as a Biomarker of Stress in Term Human Labor: Physiological and Methodological Issues

PubMed Central

Newton, Edward R.; Tanner, Charles J.; Heitkemper, Margaret M.

2013-01-01

Literature on the use of plasma cortisol to quantify psychophysiological stress in humans is extensive. However, in parturition at term gestation the use of cortisol as a biomarker of stress is particularly complex. Plasma cortisol levels increase as labor progresses. This increase seems to be important for maintenance of maternal/fetal wellbeing and facilitation of normal labor progress. Unique physiological and methodological issues involved in the use of cortisol as a biomarker of stress in labor present challenges for researchers. This review examines these issues, suggests mixed methods and within-subject repeated measures designs, and offers recommendations for assay procedures for parturient sampling. Documentation of clinical interventions and delivery outcomes may elucidate relationships among psychophysiological stressors, cortisol and normal labor progress. With attention to these methodological issues, analysis of plasma cortisol may lead to clinical interventions that support normal labor physiology. PMID:23338011

[Cord accident after external cephalic version: Reality or mostly myth?

PubMed

Boujenah, J; Fleury, C; Pharisien, I; Benbara, A; Tigaizin, A; Bricou, A; Carbillon, L

2017-01-01

To study the occurrence of cords accident (nuchal cords, prolapse, and braces) after external cephalic version according to its failure or success. Retrospective study between 1998-2015 comparing in the cord accident diagnosed at delivery (by midwife or doctors according to mode of delivery): Patients with attempt ECV: Group 1 cephalic presentation after successful ECV with trial of labor, and Group 2 failed ECV followed by elective cesarean or trial of labor. Patients with no attempt ECV Group 3 spontaneous cephalic presentation matching for delivery date, maternal age, parity, body mass index, and delivery history with group 1, Group 4 Breech presentation without attempt ECV with trial of labor. A total of 776 women with breech presentation were included (198 in group 1, 446 in group 2, 396 in group 3 and 118 in group 4). The prevalence of cord accident did not differ according to ECV attempt (17.08 % versus 18.9 %), to cephalic presentation (group 1: 24.7 % versus group 3: 25 %) and to breech presentation (group 2: 16.9 % versus group 4: 17.2 %). The trial of labor after failed ECV did not increase the risk of cord accident when compared with elective cesarean (17.4 % versus 16 %). A prolapse cord was only observed after trial of labor, i.e. in groups 1, 2 and 4 without difference (respectively 1, 0.8 and 1.7 %). In each group, the rate of cesarean was not different according to the presence of nuchal cord. Success or failed External cephalic version is not associated with an increased risk of cord accident. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Study of Manpower Requirements by Occupation for Alternative Technologies in the Energy-Related Industries, 1970-1990. Volumes I, IIA, and III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutmanis, Ivars; And Others

The report presents the methodology used by the National Planning Association (NPA), under contract to the Federal Energy Administration (FEA), to estimate direct labor usage coefficients in some sixty different occupational categories involved in construction, operation, and maintenance of energy facilities. Volume 1 presents direct labor usage…

Characteristics of Low-Wage Workers in Ontario. Employment Information Series No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hird, H. Richard

The report presents the results of a 1973-74 survey conducted by the Ontario Ministry of Labor to identify the characteristics of low-wage workers in Ontario. Its primary purpose is to discuss the survey methodology and present some of the main characteristics of low-wage earners and of the labor market. The data source was the Master Registration…

Labor Markets for New Science and Engineering Graduates in Private Industry. Science Resources Studies Highlights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Science Resources Studies.

Data are presented on labor market conditions for science and engineering graduates based on responses of 255 firms to mail and telephone surveys conducted in late fall of 1981. Highlights presented in table, chart, and text indicate: (1) definite and likely shortages were concentrated in the computer and engineering fields; (2) chemical,…

Transitions to Employment: Proceedings of the 1990 International Symposium on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities (Washington, D.C., June 3-5, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Margaret J., Ed.; And Others

This document presents the proceedings of a symposium which discussed critical issues in employment of persons with disabilities in Europe, Australia, and North America. After introductions, the major presentations included the following: "Labor Market Forces" (Roderick A. DeArment, U.S. Department of Labor); "Civil Rights in the…

Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes.

PubMed

Zhang, Jun; Landy, Helain J; Branch, D Ware; Burkman, Ronald; Haberman, Shoshana; Gregory, Kimberly D; Hatjis, Christos G; Ramirez, Mildred M; Bailit, Jennifer L; Gonzalez-Quintero, Victor H; Hibbard, Judith U; Hoffman, Matthew K; Kominiarek, Michelle; Learman, Lee A; Van Veldhuisen, Paul; Troendle, James; Reddy, Uma M

2010-12-01

To use contemporary labor data to examine the labor patterns in a large, modern obstetric population in the United States. Data were from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective study that abstracted detailed labor and delivery information from electronic medical records in 19 hospitals across the United States. A total of 62,415 parturients were selected who had a singleton term gestation, spontaneous onset of labor, vertex presentation, vaginal delivery, and a normal perinatal outcome. A repeated-measures analysis was used to construct average labor curves by parity. An interval-censored regression was used to estimate duration of labor, stratified by cervical dilation at admission and centimeter by centimeter. Labor may take more than 6 hours to progress from 4 to 5 cm and more than 3 hours to progress from 5 to 6 cm of dilation. Nulliparous and multiparous women appeared to progress at a similar pace before 6 cm. However, after 6 cm, labor accelerated much faster in multiparous than in nulliparous women. The 95 percentiles of the second stage of labor in nulliparous women with and without epidural analgesia were 3.6 and 2.8 hours, respectively. A partogram for nulliparous women is proposed. In a large, contemporary population, the rate of cervical dilation accelerated after 6 cm, and progress from 4 cm to 6 cm was far slower than previously described. Allowing labor to continue for a longer period before 6 cm of cervical dilation may reduce the rate of intrapartum and subsequent repeat cesarean deliveries in the United States.

The assessment of labor: a brief history.

PubMed

Cohen, Wayne R; Friedman, Emanuel A

2018-01-26

In the 1930s, investigators in the US, Germany and Switzerland made the first attempts to quantify the course of labor in a clinically meaningful way. They emphasized the rupture of membranes as a pivotal event governing labor progress. Attention was also placed on the total number of contractions as a guide to normality. Beginning in the 1950s, Friedman determined that changes in cervical dilatation and fetal station over time were the most useful parameters for the assessment of labor progress. He showed all normal labors had similar patterns of dilatation and descent, differing only in the durations and slopes of their component parts. These observations led to the formulation of criteria that elevated the assessment of labor from a rather arbitrary exercise to one guided by scientific objectivity. Researchers worldwide confirmed the basic nature of labor curves and validated their functionality. This system allows us to quantify the effects of parity, analgesia, maternal obesity, prior cesarean, maternal age, and fetal presentation and position on labor. It permits analysis of outcomes associated with labor aberrations, quantifies the effectiveness of treatments and assesses the need for cesarean delivery. Also, dysfunctional labor patterns serve as indicators of short- and long-term risks to offspring. We still lack the necessary translational research to link the physiologic manifestations of uterine contractility with changes in dilatation and descent. Recent efforts to interpret electrohysterographic patterns hold promise in this regard, as does preliminary exploration into the molecular basis of dysfunctional labor. For now, the clinician is best served by a system of labor assessment proposed more than 60 years ago and embellished upon in considerable detail since.

Contemporary Patterns of Spontaneous Labor With Normal Neonatal Outcomes

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jun; Landy, Helain J.; Branch, D. Ware; Burkman, Ronald; Haberman, Shoshana; Gregory, Kimberly D.; Hatjis, Christos G.; Ramirez, Mildred M.; Bailit, Jennifer L.; Gonzalez-Quintero, Victor H.; Hibbard, Judith U.; Hoffman, Matthew K.; Kominiarek, Michelle; Learman, Lee A.; Van Veldhuisen, Paul; Troendle, James; Reddy, Uma M.

2013-01-01

Objective To use contemporary labor data to examine the labor patterns in a large, modern obstetric population in the United States. Methods Data were from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective study that abstracted detailed labor and delivery information from electronic medical records in 19 hospitals across the United States. A total of 62,415 parturients were selected who had a singleton term gestation, spontaneous onset of labor, vertex presentation, vaginal delivery, and a normal perinatal outcome. A repeated-measures analysis was used to construct average labor curves by parity. An interval-censored regression was used to estimate duration of labor stratified by cervical dilation at admission and centimeter by centimeter. Results Labor may take over 6 hours to progress from 4 to 5 cm and over 3 hours to progress from 5 to 6 cm of dilation. Nulliparas and multiparas appeared to progress at a similar pace before 6 cm. However, after 6 cm labor accelerated much faster in multiparas than in nulliparas. The 95th percentile of the 2nd stage of labor in nulliparas with and without epidural analgesia was 3.6 and 2.8 hours, respectively. A partogram for nulliparas is proposed. Conclusion In a large, contemporary population, the rate of cervical dilation accelerated after 6 cm and progress from 4 to 6 cm was far slower than previously described. Allowing labor to continue for a longer period before 6 cm of cervical dilation may reduce the rate of intrapartum and subsequent repeat cesarean deliveries in the United States. PMID:21099592

Occupational Disparities in the Association between Self-Reported Salt-Eating Habit and Hypertension in Older Adults in Xiamen, China

PubMed Central

Yuan, Manqiong; Chen, Wei; Teng, Bogang; Fang, Ya

2016-01-01

Blood pressure responses to sodium intake are heterogeneous among populations. Few studies have assessed occupational disparities in the association between sodium intake and hypertension in older people. We used cross-sectional data from 14,292 participants aged 60 years or older in Xiamen, China, in 2013. Self-reported salt-eating habit was examined with three levels: low, medium, and high. The main lifetime occupation was classified into indoor laborer and outdoor laborer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of hypertension with self-reported salt-eating habit, main lifetime occupation, and their interactions by adjusting for some covariates, with further stratification by sex. Overall, 13,738 participants had complete data, of whom 30.22% had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.57%, 28.63%, and 31.97% in participants who reported to have low, medium, and high salt-eating habit, respectively. Outdoor laborers presented significantly lower prevalence of hypertension than indoor laborers (26.04% vs. 34.26%, p < 0.001). Indoor laborers with high salt-eating habit had the greatest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.09–1.59]). An increased trend of odds in eating habit as salt-heavier was presented in indoor laborers (p-trend = 0.048), especially for women (p-trend = 0.001). No clear trend presented in men. Conclusively, sex-specific occupational disparities exist in the association between self-reported salt-eating habit and hypertension in older individuals. Overlooking the potential moderating role of sex and occupation might affect the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension. PMID:26805865

The relationship between emotional labor status and workplace violence among toll collectors.

PubMed

Joo, Yosub; Rhie, Jeongbae

2017-01-01

This study aimed to identify the emotional labor and workplace violence status among toll collectors by assessing and comparing the same with that in workers in other service occupation. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional labor and workplace violence. This study examined emotional labor and workplace violence status in 264 female toll collectors from August 20 to September 4, 2015. The emotional labor was assessed using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS), and a questionnaire was used to examine the presence or absence, and type and frequency of workplace violence experienced by the subjects. A linear regression analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship between workplace violence and emotional labor. The scores on "emotional demanding and regulation ( p  < 0.001)," "overload and conflict in customer service ( p  = 0.005)," "emotional disharmony and hurt ( p  < 0.001)," and "organizational surveillance and monitoring ( p  < 0.001)" among the sub-categories of emotional labor were significantly high and indicated "at-risk" levels of emotional labor in those who experienced workplace violence, whereas they were "normal" of emotional labor in those who did not. Even after being adjusted in the linear regression analysis, the emotional labor scores for the above 4 sub-categories were still significantly high in those who experienced workplace violence. On comparing the present scores with 13 other service occupations, it was found that toll collectors had the highest level in "emotional disharmony and hurt," "organizational surveillance and monitoring," and "organizational supportive and protective system". This study found that the toll collectors engaged in a high level of emotional labor. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between emotional labor and the experience of workplace violence among the toll collectors.

Nomination of Margaret Spellings. Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session (January 6, 2005) S. Hrg. 109-88

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Senate, 2005

2005-01-01

The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee held a hearing on the nomination of Margaret Spellings to be Secretary of Education. Statements were presented by: Michael B. Enzi, Chairman, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions; Edward M. Kennedy, a U.S. Senator from the State of Massachusetts; Kay Bailey Hutchison, a…

The Impact of International Trade and Investment on Employment. A Conference on the Department of Labor Research Results (Washington, D.C., December 2-3, 1976).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewald, William G., Ed.; And Others

Taken from a December 1976, conference sponsored by the Bureau of International Labor Affairs, these proceedings present research reports on the impact of international trade and investment on U.S. employment. The research, produced or in some instances contracted and monitored by the Department of Labor, is intended to be of use to economists and…

Detailed Occupation and Years of School Completed by Age, for the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Spanish Origin: 1980 Census of Population Supplementary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Priebe, John A.; And Others

The report presents tabular data on occupation and years of school completed by age for the civilian labor force, by sex, race and Spanish origin, obtained from the 1980 Census/Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Special File. All tables list males and females separately for each category. Table 1 lists totals for 613 labor force categories, then…

Preterm labor in the absence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by cellular senescence of the chorioamniotic membranes.

PubMed

Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy; Romero, Roberto; Plazyo, Olesya; Schwenkel, George; Garcia-Flores, Valeria; Unkel, Ronald; Xu, Yi; Leng, Yaozhu; Hassan, Sonia S; Panaitescu, Bogdan; Cha, Jeeyeon; Dey, Sudhansu K

2017-11-01

Decidual senescence has been considered a mechanism of disease for spontaneous preterm labor in the absence of severe acute inflammation. Yet, signs of cellular senescence have also been observed in the chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent the physiological process of labor at term. We aimed to investigate whether, in the absence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis, the chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor or labor at term exhibit signs of cellular senescence. Chorioamniotic membrane samples were collected from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor or labor at term. Gestational age-matched nonlabor controls were also included. Senescence-associated genes/proteins were determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (n = 7-9 each for array; n = 26-28 each for validation), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (n = 7-9 each), immunoblotting (n = 6-7 each), and immunohistochemistry (n = 7-8 each). Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (n = 7-11 each) and telomere length (n = 15-22 each) were also evaluated. In the chorioamniotic membranes without acute histologic chorioamnionitis: (1) the expression profile of senescence-associated genes was different between the labor groups (term in labor and preterm in labor) and the nonlabor groups (term no labor and preterm no labor), yet there were differences between the term in labor and preterm in labor groups; (2) most of the differentially expressed genes among the groups were closely related to the tumor suppressor protein (TP53) pathway; (3) the expression of TP53 was down-regulated in the term in labor and preterm in labor groups compared to their nonlabor counterparts; (4) the expression of CDKN1A (gene coding for p21) was up-regulated in the term in labor and preterm in labor groups compared to their nonlabor counterparts; (5) the expression of the cyclin kinase CDK2 and cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNE1 was down-regulated in the preterm in labor group compared to the preterm no labor group; (6) the concentration of TP53 was lower in the preterm in labor group than in the preterm no labor and term in labor groups; (7) the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was greater in the preterm in labor group than in the preterm no labor and term in labor groups; (8) the concentration of phospho-S6 ribosomal protein was reduced in the term in labor group compared to its nonlabor counterpart, but no differences were observed between the preterm in labor and preterm no labor groups; and (9) no significant differences were observed in relative telomere length among the study groups (term no labor, term in labor, preterm no labor, and preterm in labor). In the absence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis, signs of cellular senescence are present in the chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor compared to those who delivered preterm in the absence of labor. However, the chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent spontaneous labor at term did not show consistent signs of cellular senescence in the absence of histologic chorioamnionitis. These results suggest that different pathways are implicated in the pathological and physiological processes of labor. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Factors associated with higher oxytocin requirements in labor.

PubMed

Frey, Heather A; Tuuli, Methodius G; England, Sarah K; Roehl, Kimberly A; Odibo, Anthony O; Macones, George A; Cahill, Alison G

2015-09-01

To identify clinical characteristics associated with high maximum oxytocin doses in women who achieve complete cervical dilation. A retrospective nested case-control study was performed within a cohort of all term women at a single center between 2004 and 2008 who reached the second stage of labor. Cases were defined as women who had a maximum oxytocin dose during labor >20 mu/min, while women in the control group had a maximum oxytocin dose during labor of ≤20 mu/min. Exclusion criteria included no oxytocin administration during labor, multiple gestations, major fetal anomalies, nonvertex presentation, and prior cesarean delivery. Multiple maternal, fetal, and labor factors were evaluated with univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Maximum oxytocin doses >20 mu/min were administered to 108 women (3.6%), while 2864 women received doses ≤20 mu/min. Factors associated with higher maximum oxytocin dose after adjusting for relevant confounders included maternal diabetes, birthweight >4000 g, intrapartum fever, administration of magnesium, and induction of labor. Few women who achieve complete cervical dilation require high doses of oxytocin. We identified maternal, fetal and labor factors that characterize this group of parturients.

False Labor at Term in Singleton Pregnancies: Discharge After a Standardized Assessment and Perinatal Outcomes.

PubMed

Nelson, David B; McIntire, Donald D; Leveno, Kenneth J

2017-07-01

To evaluate perinatal outcomes in women sent home with a diagnosis of false labor at term and assess the time interval to return for delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study of women at 37 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation without pre-existing medical complications who presented to our hospital-based triage unit with symptoms of labor and underwent a standardized evaluation. Women diagnosed as having false labor with a live singleton fetus in cephalic presentation without a prior cesarean delivery and sent home were compared with a group of similar women diagnosed to be in spontaneous labor. Women with hypertension, diabetes, and known fetal malformations were excluded. Using a perinatal composite outcome of respiratory insufficiency, intraventricular hemorrhage, culture-proven sepsis, Apgar score 3 or less at 5 minutes, phototherapy, and perinatal death, we tested the noninferiority of being sent home compared with being admitted for labor. The relationship of cervical dilatation to the time interval from discharge home to delivery was also analyzed. Between October 2012 and March 2016, a total of 3,949 women met inclusion criteria and were diagnosed with false labor, discharged, and returned to deliver, whereas 2,592 similar women were admitted in early labor. The mean interval from discharge to return was 4.9 days. Cesarean delivery rates were not different between the study groups-11% for both (P=.69), and the perinatal composite outcome rates were not significantly different between those sent home and those admitted-3.2% compared with 3.1% (P=.79). Women with more advanced cervical dilatation at discharge returned and delivered significantly earlier than those with less dilatation regardless of parity. Discharge with false labor at term after a standardized assessment in a triage unit was not associated with increased rates of adverse perinatal composite outcomes or cesarean delivery. The time interval to return for delivery was significantly associated with the cervical dilatation at discharge.

29 CFR 1952.201 - Developmental schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... legislation, August 1, 1973; (d) Regulations on variances, August 1973; (e) Management information system... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... schedule. (a) Retraining of present occupational safety and health personnel during March-May 1973; (b...

29 CFR 1952.201 - Developmental schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... legislation, August 1, 1973; (d) Regulations on variances, August 1973; (e) Management information system... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... schedule. (a) Retraining of present occupational safety and health personnel during March-May 1973; (b...

29 CFR 1952.201 - Developmental schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... legislation, August 1, 1973; (d) Regulations on variances, August 1973; (e) Management information system... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... schedule. (a) Retraining of present occupational safety and health personnel during March-May 1973; (b...

29 CFR 1952.201 - Developmental schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... legislation, August 1, 1973; (d) Regulations on variances, August 1973; (e) Management information system... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... schedule. (a) Retraining of present occupational safety and health personnel during March-May 1973; (b...

29 CFR 1952.201 - Developmental schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... legislation, August 1, 1973; (d) Regulations on variances, August 1973; (e) Management information system... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... schedule. (a) Retraining of present occupational safety and health personnel during March-May 1973; (b...

The fetal head evaluation during labor in the occiput posterior position: the ESA (evaluation by simulation algorithm) approach.

PubMed

Malvasi, Antonio; Bochicchio, Mario; Vaira, Lucia; Longo, Antonella; Pacella, Elena; Tinelli, Andrea

2014-07-01

The determination of fetal head position can be useful in labor to predict the success of labor management, especially in case of malpositions. Malpositions are abnormal positions of the vertex of the fetal head and account for the large part of indication for cesarean sections for dystocic labor. The occiput posterior position occurs in 15-25% of patients before labor at term and, however, most occiput posterior presentations rotate during labor, so that the incidence of occiput posterior at vaginal birth is approximately 5-7%. Persistence of the occiput posterior position is associated with higher rate of interventions and with maternal and neonatal complications and the knowledge of the exact position of the fetal head is of paramount importance prior to any operative vaginal delivery, for both the safe positioning of the instrument that may be used (i.e. forceps versus vacuum) and for its successful outcome. Ultrasound (US) diagnosed occiput posterior position during labor can predict occiput posterior position at birth. By these evidences, the time requested for fetal head descent and the position in the birth canal, had an impact on the diagnosis of labor progression or arrested labor. To try to reduce this pitfalls, authors developed a new algorithm, applied to intrapartum US and based on suitable US pictures, that sets out, in detail, the quantitative evaluation, in degrees, of the occiput posterior position of the fetal head in the pelvis and the birth canal, respectively, in the first and second stage of labor. Authors tested this computer system in a settle of patients in labor.

A multi-center randomized trial of two different intravenous fluids during labor

PubMed Central

DAPUZZO-ARGIRIOU, Lisa M.; SMULIAN, John C.; ROCHON, Meredith L.; GALDI, Luisa; KISSLING, Jessika M.; SCHNATZ, Peter F.; RIOS, Angel GONZALEZ; AIROLDI, James; CARRILLO, Mary Anne; MAINES, Jaimie; KUNSELMAN, Allen R.; REPKE, John; LEGRO, Richard S.

2017-01-01

Objective To determine if the intrapartum use of a 5% glucose-containing intravenous solution decreases the chance of a cesarean delivery for women presenting in active labor. Methods This was a multi-center, prospective, single (patient) blind, randomized study design implemented at 4 obstetric residency programs in Pennsylvania. Singleton, term, consenting women presenting in active spontaneous labor with a cervical dilation of <6cm were randomized to lactated Ringer's with or without 5% glucose (LR versus D5LR) as their maintenance intravenous fluid. The primary outcome was the cesarean birth rate. Secondary outcomes included labor characteristics, as well as maternal or neonatal complications. Results There were 309 women analyzed. Demographic variables and admitting cervical dilation were similar among study groups. There was no significant difference in the cesarean delivery rate for the D5LR group (23/153 or 15.0%) versus the LR arm (18/156 or 11.5%), [RR (95%CI) of 1.32 (0.75, 2.35), P=0.34]. There were no differences in augmentation rates or intrapartum complications. Conclusions The use of intravenous fluid containing 5% dextrose does not lower the chance of cesarean delivery for women admitted in active labor. PMID:25758624

Labor Market Progeria.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodeheaver, Dean

1990-01-01

Social ambivalence toward women's roles, sexuality, appearance, and aging combine with social standards of attractiveness to create both age and sex discrimination in the workplace. The life expectancy of presentability is shorter among women than men, thus creating an accelerated aging process termed labor market progeria. (SK)

Combating pharmacist shortage through labor certification.

PubMed

Maswoswe, J J; Stewart, K R; Enigbokan, M; Egbunike, I; Jackson, D M

1994-06-01

Several solutions, ranging from increased technician duties to salary raises, automation, and increasing job satisfaction, have been presented in the literature as methods of assuaging the pharmacist shortage. Although a significant portion of pharmacy graduates from American pharmacy colleges are foreign nationals, no marketing strategies have been elucidated in the retention and recruitment of foreign nationals through labor certification. Labor certifications are generally approved by the Secretary of Labor if the following factors have been verified: 1) there are not sufficient United States workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available for employment; and 2) the employment of the foreign national will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers similarly employed. When properly understood, the labor certification process is a test of the job market where foreigners, by virtue of their skills and qualifications, attain certification which subsequently leads to permanent residency (green card). The objective of this report is to elucidate the tedious yet effective method of retaining American-educated foreign nationals through labor certification.

Labor migration, externalities and ethics: Theorizing the meso-level determinants of HIV vulnerability

PubMed Central

Hirsch, Jennifer S.

2013-01-01

This paper discusses labor migration as an example of how focusing on the meso-level highlights the social processes through which structural factors produce HIV risk. Situating that argument in relation to existing work on economic organization and HIV risk as well as research on labor migration and HIV vulnerabilities, the paper demonstrates how analyzing the processes through which labor migration creates vulnerability can shift attention away from the proximate behavioral determinants of HIV risk and towards the community and policy levels. Further, it presents the concepts of externalities and the ethics of consumption, which underline how both producers and consumers benefit from low-waged migrant labor, and thus are responsible for the externalization of HIV risk characteristic of supply chains that rely on migrant labor. These concepts point to strategies through which researchers and advocates could press the public and private sectors to improve the conditions in which migrants live and work, with implications for HIV as well as other health outcomes. PMID:24444837

Discontinuing Oxytocin Infusion in the Active Phase of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PubMed

Saccone, Gabriele; Ciardulli, Andrea; Baxter, Jason K; Quiñones, Joanne N; Diven, Liany C; Pinar, Bor; Maruotti, Giuseppe Maria; Martinelli, Pasquale; Berghella, Vincenzo

2017-11-01

To evaluate the benefits and harms of discontinuation of oxytocin after the active phase of labor is reached. Electronic databases (ie, MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library at the CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Scielo) were searched from their inception until April 2017. We included all randomized controlled trials comparing discontinuation (ie, intervention group) and continuation (ie, control group) of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor is reached, either after induction or augmentation of labor. Discontinuation of oxytocin infusion was defined as discontinuing oxytocin infusion when the active phase of labor was achieved. Continuation of oxytocin infusion was defined as continuing oxytocin infusion until delivery. Only trials in singleton gestations with vertex presentation at term were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of cesarean delivery. Nine randomized controlled trials, including 1,538 singleton gestations, were identified as relevant and included in the meta-analysis. All nine trials included only women undergoing induction of labor. In the discontinuation group, if arrest of labor occurred, usually defined as no cervical dilation in 2 hours or inadequate uterine contractions for 2 hours or more, oxytocin infusion was restarted. Women in the control group had oxytocin continued until delivery usually at the same dose used at the time the active phase was reached. Women who were randomized to have discontinuation of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor was reached had a significantly lower risk of cesarean delivery (9.3% compared with 14.7%; relative risk 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.87) and of uterine tachysystole (6.2% compared with 13.1%; relative risk 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.84) compared with those who were randomized to have continuation of oxytocin infusion until delivery. Discontinuation of oxytocin infusion was associated with an increase in the duration of the active phase of labor (mean difference 27.65 minutes, 95% CI 3.94-51.36). In singleton gestations with cephalic presentation at term undergoing induction, discontinuation of oxytocin infusion after the active phase of labor at approximately 5 cm is reached reduces the risk of cesarean delivery and of uterine tachysystole compared with continuous oxytocin infusion. Given this evidence, discontinuation of oxytocin infusion once the active stage of labor is established in women being induced should be considered as an alternative management plan.

Use of uterine electromyography to diagnose term and preterm labor

PubMed Central

LUCOVNIK, MIHA; KUON, RUBEN J.; CHAMBLISS, LINDA R.; MANER, WILLIAM L.; SHI, SHAO-QING; SHI, LEILI; BALDUCCI, JAMES; GARFIELD, ROBERT E.

2011-01-01

Current methodologies to assess the process of labor, such as tocodynamometry or intrauterine pressure catheters, fetal fibronectin, cervical length measurement and digital cervical examination, have several major drawbacks. They only measure the onset of labor indirectly and do not detect cellular changes characteristic of true labor. Consequently, their predictive values for term or preterm delivery are poor. Uterine contractions are a result of the electrical activity within the myometrium. Measurement of uterine electromyography (EMG) has been shown to detect contractions as accurately as the currently used methods. In addition, changes in cell excitability and coupling required for effective contractions that lead to delivery are reflected in changes of several EMG parameters. Use of uterine EMG can help to identify patients in true labor better than any other method presently employed in the clinic. PMID:21241260

[Effect of the music in labor and newborn].

PubMed

Tabarro, Camila Sotilo; de Campos, Luciane Botinhon; Galli, Natália Oliveira; Novo, Neil Ferreira; Pereira, Valdina Marins

2010-06-01

Music has been applied for balancing energies that have been disturbed by the stress of modern life. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of music in labor and on the newborn, when submitted to the same melodies heard by their own mothers during pregnancy. Pregnant women, Health Center users, were submitted to musical sensitization sessions since their fifth month of pregnancy. During labor, the melodies previously selected by the pregnant women were played all the time with a thirty-minute break for every two hours of music. Data collection was performed through interviews performed after labor, at different moments, and the mother' statements were qualitatively analyzed. According to the women's words, music minimized the distress of labor and made it easier for the baby to adjust in the first months of life.

An economic model of the benefits of professional doula labor support in Wisconsin births.

PubMed

Chapple, Will; Gilliland, Amy; Li, Dongmei; Shier, Emily; Wright, Emily

2013-04-01

The purpose of this study is to estimate the immediate cost savings per delivery with in-hospital professional doula labor support in Wisconsin. This is the first study that calculates the estimated cost savings of professional doula labor support specific to Wisconsin. This analysis used results presented in and derived from the Cochrane Review of continuous labor support to estimate procedure reduction and cost savings in Wisconsin using birth statistics from 2010. The delivery outcomes included were cesarean deliveries, instrumental deliveries, and regional analgesia use. To accurately reflect published studies on labor support, only low-risk deliveries were used for intervention reduction calculations. For 2010 data, estimated savings of 28,997,754.80 dollars could have been achieved if every low-risk birth were attended in-hospital by a professional doula. A professional doula providing only in-hospital labor support would yield an estimated cost savings of 424.14 dollars per delivery or 530.89 dollars per low-risk delivery. A system-based change in how laboring mothers are supported would be an innovative step that would put Wisconsin at the forefront of cost-effective health care, reducing interventions while improving outcomes. It is recommended that Wisconsin insurers consider reimbursing for professional doula labor support. It is also recommended that pilot programs be implemented in Wisconsin that can better assess the implementation of professional doula labor support services.

Knowledge and Policy in Manpower: A Study of the Manpower Research and Development Program in the Department of Labor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Committee on Dept. of Labor Manpower Research and Development.

The document presents an analysis of the progress in the research and development (R & D) efforts of the Department of Labor as embodied in the Manpower Development and Training Act, which combined an inquiry system and a mission-oriented operating system in a single agency. The analysis is presented in two parts. Part 1, The Manpower R &…

Regional analyses of labor markets and demography: a model based Norwegian example.

PubMed

Stambol, L S; Stolen, N M; Avitsland, T

1998-01-01

The authors discuss the regional REGARD model, developed by Statistics Norway to analyze the regional implications of macroeconomic development of employment, labor force, and unemployment. "In building the model, empirical analyses of regional producer behavior in manufacturing industries have been performed, and the relation between labor market development and regional migration has been investigated. Apart from providing a short description of the REGARD model, this article demonstrates the functioning of the model, and presents some results of an application." excerpt

[Non-EC workers in Italy: an overview of the literature and an attempt to test various hypotheses].

PubMed

Strozza, S

1995-09-01

"The essay presents an overview of the interpretations offered in scientific literature about causes and effects of non-EC [European Community] immigrants' integration into the Italian labor market....The essay uses the aggregate data of [the] Labor Ministry integrated by local surveys to answer some questions...[concerning] the link between sex, Italian region, place of origin and sector of activity...and the complementarity or competition with [the] Italian labor force." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) excerpt

Time fractional capital-induced labor migration model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali Balcı, Mehmet

2017-07-01

In this study we present a new model of neoclassical economic growth by considering that workers move from regions with lower density of capital to regions with higher density of capital. Since the labor migration and capital flow involves self-similarities in long range time, we use the fractional order derivatives for the time variable. To solve this model we proposed Variational Iteration Method, and studied numerically labor migration flow data from Turkey along with other countries throughout the period of 1966-2014.

Examination of the Pharmacology of Oxytocin and Clinical Guidelines for Use in Labor.

PubMed

Page, Katie; McCool, William F; Guidera, Mamie

2017-07-01

The use of exogenous oxytocin to induce or augment labor has increased in recent years. This literature-informed review examines the action of this medication and the potential associated complications, with an evaluation of current professional practice guidelines. A brief history of the use of exogenous oxytocin for labor induction or augmentation is presented. In addition, risk management strategies for the prevention of oxytocin-related adverse outcomes and subsequent litigation are identified. © 2017 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Hearing on H.R. 770, The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1989. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This report presents testimony concerning the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1989. The bill establishes a basic, minimum labor standard, ensuring job protection to workers who need time off to care for themselves or their family members. The testimony covered the following topics: personal experiences of people whose employment was affected after…

29 CFR 1911.16 - Powers of presiding officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR PROMULGATING, MODIFYING, OR REVOKING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OR HEALTH... matters; (c) To confine the presentations to the issues specified in the notice of hearing, or, where no...

29 CFR 1902.21 - Tentative decision following formal proceeding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1902.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH..., the Assistant Secretary shall issue a tentative decision either approving or disapproving the plan... therefor on all material issues of fact, law, or discretion which have been presented. The tentative...

77 FR 31643 - Employment and Training Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance In accordance with Section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2273) the Department of Labor herein presents summaries of determinations...

"Lazy men", time-use, and rural development in Zambia.

PubMed

Whitehead, A

1999-11-01

This paper examines how work and the labor in agriculture in rural sub-Saharan Africa is measured. Section 1 presents a historical example of colonial discourses of the "lazy" African (the Lamba in Zambia). Section 2 analyzes a study carried out in rural Zambia to illustrate the relationship between stereotypes held by many Europeans, particular aspects of the colonial project, and the social relations brought about by colonialism. Section 3 examines the ways in which present work and labor approaches in sub-Saharan Africa embody value judgements which leads to distorted documentation of the division of labor between opposite genders. Sections 4 through 7 look at a time-use study conducted in Zambia and argue that studies of such nature create value judgement on what comprises work, and about how researchers and planners classify this. Overall, this article has demonstrated that time-use surveys may provide inadequate understanding of women and men's work in the absence of an understanding of the local context in which the work is undertaken, and of labor markets.

Plasma C16-Cer levels are increased in patients with preterm labor.

PubMed

Laudanski, Piotr; Charkiewicz, Karol; Kisielewski, Rafal; Kuc, Pawel; Koc-Zorawska, Ewa; Raba, Grzegorz; Kraczkowski, Janusz; Dymicka-Piekarska, Violetta; Chabowski, Adrian; Kacerovsky, Marian; Jacobsson, Bo; Zabielski, Piotr; Blachnio-Zabielska, Agnieszka

2016-03-01

The pathogenesis of preterm labor is fragmentarily explained. The most widely accepted theory points out to infection and inflammation as possible causes, which can be mediated by potentially different factors, including sphingolipid mediators. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that have been shown as important mediators in various cell processes such as: proliferation, growth, apoptosis, stress response, necrosis and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess plasma concentrations of selected sphingolipids in patients with preterm labor. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to assess plasma concentrations of the 11 sphingolipids in patients presenting with symptoms of preterm labor (n=61) and threatened preterm labor (n=40). We observed a statistically significant increase (p-value<0.004) in plasma concentrations of C16-Cer in patients with preterm labor as compared to the control group. We also found C16-Cer to be the best predictor of preterm labor in the group of patients with symptoms occurring after 32 weeks of gestation. Our findings show a possible involvement of selected sphingolipids, especially C16-Cer, in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Their role as predictors of preterm delivery needs to be validated in the future on larger group of patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

29 CFR 4050.9 - Annuity or elective lump sum-living missing participant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... unloaded designated benefit divided by the present value (determined as of the deemed distribution date.... 4050.9 Section 4050.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY... participant. This section applies to a missing participant whose designated benefit was determined under...

Coming Up to BAT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Hugh C.

1977-01-01

The Administrator of the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training (BAT), U.S. Department of Labor, presents an overview of the Federal government's role in apprentice training, Federal apprenticeship legislation and programs, labor standards and their administration, and the 40 years of BAT, established in 1937 by the National Apprenticeship Act. (MF)

29 CFR 1471.860 - What factors may influence the debarring official's decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... decision? 1471.860 Section 1471.860 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) FEDERAL MEDIATION AND... may influence the debarring official's decision? This section lists the mitigating and aggravating... in this section, is not necessarily determinative of your present responsibility. In making a...

Pennsylvania Migratory Labor Program Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Governor's Committee on Migratory Labor, Harrisburg, PA.

Operating for the 18th year, the Pennsylvania Governor's Committee on Migratory Labor, which is charged with coordinating and bringing into focus the activities of various governmental and nongovernmental agencies relating to Pennsylvania's migrant workers, submits the present document as an annual report. Some specific areas reported on by…

Seven Important Labor Force Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, John A.

1982-01-01

Presents statistics on the changing human resources mix in the labor force, which vocational counselors should be aware of. Trends include higher percentages of women working, and older men and married men leaving the work force. One result is an increasing number of persons are able to retire earlier. (JAC)

29 CFR 1902.20 - Decision following informal proceeding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 1902.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... been presented, if the Assistant Secretary approves a plan he shall issue a decision to that effect... Secretary proposes to disapprove a plan, or the disposition of a subject or issue permits the possible...

[Body, strength, and labor: reflexions in the light of gender relations].

PubMed

Costa, L H

2000-01-01

The present paper intends to contribute on a reflection and discussion of some issues related to female's body and the strength present in laborwork, understood as the moment in which through the support of another person, a woman "gives birth". It also discusses the perspective of male dominance having as reference the symbolic violence from Bordieu, proposing that the humanizing of labor demands a thorough discussion on gender dominance.

Nitrous oxide for labor analgesia: Utilization and predictors of conversion to neuraxial analgesia.

PubMed

Sutton, Caitlin D; Butwick, Alexander J; Riley, Edward T; Carvalho, Brendan

2017-08-01

We examined the characteristics of women who choose nitrous oxide for labor analgesia and identified factors that predict conversion from nitrous oxide to labor neuraxial analgesia. Retrospective descriptive study. Labor and Delivery Ward. 146 pregnant women who used nitrous oxide for analgesia during labor and delivery between September 2014 and September 2015. Chart review only. Demographic, obstetric, and intrapartum characteristics of women using nitrous oxide were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with conversion from nitrous oxide to neuraxial analgesia. Data are presented as n (%), median [IQR], adjusted relative risk (aRR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as appropriate. During the study period, 146 women used nitrous oxide for labor analgesia (accounting for 3% of the total deliveries). The majority (71.9%) of women who used nitrous oxide were nulliparous, and over half (51.9%) had expressed an initial preference for "nonmedical birth." The conversion rate to neuraxial blockade was 63.2%, compared to a concurrent institutional rate of 85.1% in women who did not use nitrous oxide. Factors associated with conversion from nitrous oxide to neuraxial blockade were labor induction (aRR=2.0, CI 1.2-3.3) and labor augmentation (aRR=1.7, CI 1.0-2.9). Only a small number of women opted to use nitrous oxide during labor, analgesia was minimal, and most converted to neuraxial analgesia. Women with induced and augmented labors should be counseled about the increased likelihood that they will convert to neuraxial analgesia. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Population and labour force growth and patterns in ASEAN countries.

PubMed

Saw, S

1988-01-01

"The paper shows that the diverse labor dimensions prevailing in the ASEAN region can be attributed to changes in the structure of the society and economy in the course of recent economic development. It observes the considerable variety in the growth of the population and its effect on the labor force in the ASEAN region.... The paper details the similarity and diversity in the level and type of labor force participation rates. A common feature shared by ASEAN countries is a general pattern in the age-specific participation rate of men. In contrast, the women, aside from participating in the labor force at a much lower level than men at almost all ages, display diverse patterns of participation over the working age range. Lastly, the distribution of the labor force according to major industrial sectors in the six ASEAN countries is presented...." excerpt

Labor induction just after external cephalic version with epidural analgesia at term.

PubMed

Cuerva, Marcos J; Piñel, Carlos S; Caceres, Javier; Espinosa, Jose A

2017-06-01

To analyze the benefits of external cephalic version (ECV) with epidural analgesia at term and labor induction just after the procedure. This is a retrospective observational study with patients who did not want trying a breech vaginal delivery and decided trying an ECV with epidural analgesia at term and wanted labor induction or cesarean section after the procedure. We present the results of 40 ECV with epidural analgesia at term and labor induction or cesarean section just after the ECV. ECV succeeded in 26 out of 40 (65%) patients. Among the 26 successful ECV, 6 delivered by cesarean (23.1%). 20 patients delivered vaginally (76.9%; 50% of all patients). Considering that a high number of cesarean deliveries can be avoided, induction of labor after ECV with epidural analgesia at term can be considered after being discussed in selected patient. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Labor force participation among persons with musculoskeletal conditions, 1970-1987. National estimates derived from a series of cross-sections.

PubMed

Yelin, E H; Katz, P P

1991-11-01

In the present study, we estimated the labor force participation rate among persons with musculoskeletal conditions in 1987, compared this rate with that experienced by persons with other chronic conditions or with none, and estimated the change in labor force participation rates among persons with musculoskeletal conditions for the period 1970-1987. Rates were estimated from 18 years of National Health Interview Survey data, and the sampling weights from this survey were used to obtain population estimates. To ensure statistically stable estimates, we averaged the rates over 6 years of data. In 1987, 42.9% of all working-age persons with musculoskeletal conditions were out of the labor force, this study's definition of work disability. Overall labor force participation rates among persons with musculoskeletal conditions declined from 71% to 56% between 1976-1981 and 1982-1987, 22% in relative terms. Much of this decline was concentrated among men, especially men 55-64 years of age. However, women 55-64 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions also experienced declining labor force participation rates. Labor force participation patterns among persons with musculoskeletal conditions fit more general labor market trends, with gains among younger women more than offset by declines among older men and women. However, these trends appear to be more accentuated among persons with musculoskeletal conditions, suggesting that enforcement of the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 place special emphasis on labor force participation among such persons.

Comparison of the effect of aromatherapy with Jasminum officinale and Salvia officinale on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women.

PubMed

Kaviani, Maasumeh; Maghbool, Shahla; Azima, Sara; Tabaei, Mohammad Hosein

2014-11-01

Using non-pharmacological pain relief methods for reducing labor pain has always been one of the major concerns in obstetrics and gynecology. Comparing the effects of aromatherapy with jasmine and salvia on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. In this randomized clinical trial, 156 nulliparous women in labor were randomly selected and divided into salvia, jasmine, and control groups (52 in each group). The study duration was 6 months (from October 2009 to March 2010). Each group underwent aromatherapy using an incense mask for 15 min (distilled water for the control group). Pain severity was measured before and 30 and 60 min after the incense aromatherapy. Also, duration of the first and second stages of labor, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores of the baby, and the frequency of labor type were measured and recorded in each group. In comparison to the other groups, pain severity and duration of the first and second stages of labor were significantly lower in the aromatherapy group of salvia 30 min after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found among the three groups regarding pain severity 60 min after the aromatherapy, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores of the baby, and the frequency of labor type. The results of the present study indicated that aromatherapy with saliva had beneficial effects on pain relief, shortened the labor stages, and had no negative impact on the baby's APGAR score.

Origins of the Sexual Division of Labor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leibowitz, Lila

An interactive, biosocial model of early hominids presents evidence that physical sex differences are not the basis for the sexual division of labor as is commonly believed. Production (the deliberate collection and distribution of food) developed among early hominids as a prerequisite for survival. Although the population appears to have had…

29 CFR 1905.15 - Requests for hearings on applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... UNDER THE WILLIAMS-STEIGER OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970 Applications for Variances... support of each denial; and (3) Any views or arguments on any issue of fact or law presented. [36 FR 12290...

Labor-Management Cooperation in Schools: An Idea Whose Time Has Come.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woods-Houston, Michelle; Miller, Rima

This paper presents information useful to educational leaders considering a labor-management cooperation (LMC) process. LMC is a mechanism for changing attitudes and building an atmosphere of trust between two traditionally adversarial groups. The first section outlines categories and provides examples of LMC cooperative efforts, highlighting the…

Statistical Tables on Manpower.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

The President sends to the Congress each year a report on the Nation's manpower, as required by the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, which includes a comprehensive report by the Department of Labor on manpower requirements, resources, utilization, and training. This statistical appendix to the Department of Labor report presents data…

Persistence of Ethnicity: The Japanese of Colorado.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Endo, Russell

This paper presents an overview of the history of Japanese in Colorado. Japanese immigrants first came to Colorado between 1900 and 1910 as railroad laborers. Some became coal miners in southern Colorado; most others became farm laborers. Although the Japanese population during this period was small, communities developed in several locales. The…

Labor Market Experience for Engineers During Periods of Changing Demand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bain, Trevor

This report was prepared to present reviews, synthesis, and evaluation of research studies and demonstration projects concerned with the labor market experience of unemployed engineers, particularly in aerospace-defense. It also includes a review and evaluation of national manpower efforts to aid the reemployment of unemployed engineers,…

Refuting the "Nimble Fingers" Argument [and] Working Together against Child Labour.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

World of Work, 1996

1996-01-01

An International Labour Organization study refutes one of the most common arguments of apologists for child labor in the hand-woven carpet industry--the so-called nimble fingers argument. Excerpts from presentations at an International Labour Organization meeting highlight the commitment to eradicating child labor. (JOW)

Evaluating Three Allied Health Training Programs: Exploratory Research into Curriculum Relevance and Labor Market Conditions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appel, Gary L.; And Others

1977-01-01

Presents results of a research effort designed to develop a methodology for assisting dietetic technicians, physical therapist assistants, and medical record technicians curriculum relevance, and to better understand labor market conditions affecting the utilization and distribution of midlevel technicians. (Author/LAS)

The Time-Crunch Paradox

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gimenez-Nadal, Jose Ignacio; Sevilla-Sanz, Almudena

2011-01-01

Previous research has shown little difference in the average leisure time of men and women. This finding is a challenge to the "second shift" argument, which suggests that increases in female labor market hours have not been compensated by equal decreases in household labor. This paper presents time-use and leisure satisfaction data for…

Middle Level Learning Number 48

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freedman, Eric B.; Roberts, Scott L.

2013-01-01

Two articles are presented in this column. "Life in an Auto Factory: Simulating how Labor and Management Interact" by Eric B. Freedman describes a classroom simulation of management and labor relations in an auto factory. Classroom handouts are included. The next article, "Women of Action and County Names: Mary Musgrove County--Why…

Relationships between Emotional Labor, Job Performance, and Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodwin, Robyn E.; Groth, Markus; Frenkel, Stephen J.

2011-01-01

The present study investigates the relationship between the emotional labor strategies surface acting and deep acting and organizational outcomes, specifically, employees' overall job performance and turnover. Call center employees from two large financial service organizations completed an online survey about their use of surface and deep acting.…

The Mechanization of Women's Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Joan Wallach

1982-01-01

Although women are entering the labor force in large numbers, evidence is presented suggesting that mechanization has served to reinforce the traditional position of women both at home and in the labor market. Topics discussed include among others, occupations, time spent in housework, segregation of occupation by sex, and earnings. (Author/JN)

29 CFR 18.1006 - Summaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Summaries. 18.1006 Section 18.1006 Labor Office of the... ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES Rules of Evidence Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs § 18.1006 Summaries... at the hearing may be presented in the form of a chart, summary, or calculation. The originals, or...

Physiologic partograph to improve birth safety and outcomes among low-risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset

PubMed Central

Neal, Jeremy L.; Lowe, Nancy K.

2011-01-01

Oxytocin augmentation and cesarean rates among low-risk, term, nulliparous women with a spontaneous onset of labor in the United States approximate 50% and 26.5%, respectively. This indicates that the quality of obstetrical care is much less than optimal in this nation. Exorbitant oxytocin use, the intervention most commonly associated with preventable adverse perinatal outcomes, jeopardizes birth safety while the high cesarean rate in this high-volume group compromises population health and increases health care costs. Dystocia, characterized by the slow, abnormal progression of labor, is the most commonly reported indication for primary cesareans, accounting directly for approximately 50% of all nulliparous cesareans and indirectly for most repeat cesareans. Diagnoses of dystocia are most often based on ambiguously defined delays in cervical dilation beyond which labor augmentation is deemed justified. Dystocia is known to be over-diagnosed which undoubtedly contributes to contemporary oxytocin augmentation and primary cesarean rates. Labor attendants would benefit from an evidence-based framework for homogenous labor assessment. To this end, we present a physiologically-based partograph for `in-hospital' use in assessing the labors of low-risk, term, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset. This tool incorporates several evidence-based labor principles that combine to give needed clinical meaning to `dystocia' as a diagnosis. It is hypothesized that our partograph will safely limit diagnoses of dystocia to only the slowest 10% of low-risk, nulliparous women. This should, in turn, safe-guard against unnecessary, injudicious, and potentially harmful use of oxytocin when labor is already adequately progressing while also indicating when its use may be justified. We further hypothesize that cesareans performed for dystocia in this population will decrease by ≥ 50%. No significant influence on other labor process or labor outcome variables is expected with partograph use. Widespread use of this physiologically-based partograph will be warranted if our hypotheses are supported. PMID:22138426

Labor migration, externalities and ethics: theorizing the meso-level determinants of HIV vulnerability.

PubMed

Hirsch, Jennifer S

2014-01-01

This paper discusses labor migration as an example of how focusing on the meso-level highlights the social processes through which structural factors produce HIV risk. Situating that argument in relation to existing work on economic organization and HIV risk as well as research on labor migration and HIV vulnerabilities, the paper demonstrates how analyzing the processes through which labor migration creates vulnerability can shift attention away from the proximate behavioral determinants of HIV risk and toward the community and policy levels. Further, it presents the concepts of externalities and the ethics of consumption, which underline how both producers and consumers benefit from low-waged migrant labor, and thus are responsible for the externalization of HIV risk characteristic of supply chains that rely on migrant labor. These concepts point to strategies through which researchers and advocates could press the public and private sectors to improve the conditions in which migrants live and work, with implications for HIV as well as other health outcomes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cervical dilatation thresholds for initiation of group B streptococcus antibiotic prophylaxis for women with spontaneous preterm labor.

PubMed

Fischer, Richard L; Parikh, Laura; Hansen, Clare; Hunter, Krystal M

2015-11-01

To determine the optimal time for initiating group B streptococcus (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis for women in spontaneous preterm labor. In total, 227 women delivering singleton infants after presenting with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes at 24 0/7-36 6/7 weeks were evaluated, as well as 150 undelivered women with threatened preterm labor during the same time period. The date and time of each cervical examination throughout labor were recorded. We calculated the percentages who would have correctly received at least 4 h of GBS prophylaxis if antibiotics were routinely initiated for various cervical dilatation thresholds during labor, as well as the percentage of undelivered women who would have received unnecessary antibiotic exposure at each cervical dilatation cutoff. Delaying antibiotics until cervical dilatation reached 2 cm or greater would have resulted in 62.1% receiving four or more hours of antibiotics, compared to 66.5% if antibiotics were started on all women at admission (p = 0.33), while significantly reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure in undelivered women from 100% to 62.0% (p < 0.001). The 2-cm threshold was applicable regardless of gestational age period or prior vaginal delivery ≥ 20 weeks. GBS antibiotic prophylaxis may reasonably be withheld for women with suspected preterm labor until the cervix reaches 2 cm or greater at any time during labor.

Reconsideration of the costs of convenience: quality, operational, and fiscal strategies to minimize elective labor induction.

PubMed

Simpson, Kathleen Rice

2010-01-01

Elective induction of labor is at an all-time high in the United States despite known associated risks. It can lead to birth of an infant too early, a long labor, exposure to a high-alert medication with its potential side effects, unnecessary cesarean birth, and maternal and neonatal morbidity. There is a cascade of interventions related to elective induction such as an intravenous line, continuous electronic fetal monitoring, confinement to bed, amniotomy, pharmacologic labor stimulating agents, parental pain medications, and regional anesthesia, each with their own set of potential complications and risk of iatrogenic harm. These risks apply to all women having the procedure, however for nulliparous women before 41 weeks of gestation with an unfavorable cervix, the main risk is cesarean birth after unsuccessful labor induction with the potential for maternal and neonatal morbidity and increased healthcare costs. When cesarean occurs, subsequent births are likely to be via cesarean as well. Elective labor induction before 41 weeks is inconsistent with quality perinatal care, and performance of this unnecessary procedure should be minimized. Convenience as the reason for labor induction is contrary to a culture focused on patient safety. A review of current evidence, followed by changes in practice, is warranted to support the safest care possible during labor and birth. Various strategies to reduce the rate of elective induction in the United States are presented.

Diverging patterns with endogenous labor migration.

PubMed

Reichlin, P; Rustichini, A

1998-05-05

"The standard neoclassical model cannot explain persistent migration flows and lack of cross-country convergence when capital and labor are mobile. Here we present a model where both phenomena may take place.... Our model is based on the Arrow-Romer approach to endogenous growth theory. We single out the importance of a (however weak) scale effect from the size of the workforce.... The main conclusion of this simple model is that lack of convergence, or even divergence, among countries is possible, even with perfect capital mobility and labor mobility." excerpt

Does Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin during Pregnancy Influence the Risk of Prolonged Labor: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PubMed Central

Sandström, Anna; Cnattingius, Sven; Wikström, Anna-Karin

2015-01-01

Background The use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) during pregnancy is increasing. In vitro studies and small clinical studies support the hypothesis that LMWH treatment during pregnancy may reduce duration of labor. The aim of this study was to investigate if use of LMWH is associated with a reduced risk of diagnosis of prolonged labor, after taking maternal, fetal and other delivery characteristics into account. Methods and Findings A population-based cohort study from the Swedish Medical Birth Register from April 2006 through December 2011. We identified 514 875 term (≥37 weeks) deliveries of live singleton infants in cephalic presentation with spontaneous or induced onsets of labor. The Birth Register was linked to the Prescribed Drug Register to retrieve information on dispensed LMWH during pregnancy and to the Patient Register for information on underlying diagnosis for use of LMWH. Diagnosis of prolonged labor in the Birth Register was retrieved from diagnosis at discharge from the delivery hospital. The risk of diagnosis of prolonged labor in relation to treatment with LMWH was assessed using logistic regression analysis to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios. A total of 5 275 (1.0%) of the pregnant women used LMWH. The absolute risk of diagnosis of prolonged labor for nulliparous women was 19.9% among women using LMWH in third trimester, and 21.2% in women without use of LMWH. For parous women the corresponding absolute risks were 4.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Compared to nulliparous women without use of LMWH, nulliparous women with LMWH during third trimester had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.92 (95% CI 0.81–1.05, p-value: 0.051) for diagnosis of prolonged labor in unadjusted analyses and after adjustments for maternal characteristics, gestational age and epidural analgesia the OR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.87–1.15, p-value: 0.673). Parous women treated with LMWH in third trimester presented the same pattern, unadjusted OR for diagnosis of prolonged labor was 0.92 (95% CI 0.76–1.12, p-value: 0.418) and after adjustments OR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.80–1.22, p-value: 0.892). One limitation with the study was that information on prolonged labor was based on discharge diagnoses from the delivery hospital according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Conclusions Treatment with LMWH during pregnancy is not associated with a risk of diagnosis of prolonged labor after adjustments for maternal, fetal and delivery characteristics. PMID:26465918

Massage Therapy and Labor Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Janssen, Patricia; Shroff, Farah; Jaspar, Paula

2012-01-01

Introduction Massage is a time-honored method by which women have received comfort throughout the millennia, yet it has not been rigorously evaluated in the modern day delivery suite. No study to date that we are aware of has evaluated the effect of massage therapy by a regulated massage therapist on labor pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy provided by registered massage therapists in managing pain among women in active labor. Methods BC Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC. Research Design: a randomized controlled trial. Participants: 77 healthy nulliparous women presenting in spontaneous labor. Intervention: Swedish massage administered for up to five hours by a registered massage therapist during labor vs. standard care. Main outcome measures include: cervical dilation at the time of administration of epidural, compared using estimated marginal means in an analysis of covariance. We also compared perception of pain at three time periods during labor according to cervical dilation at 3–4 cm, 5–7 cm, and 8–10 cm using the McGill Present Pain Intensity Scale. Results The mean cervical dilation at the time of epidural insertion after adjustment for station of the presenting part, cervical dilation, and status of membranes on admission to hospital was 5.9 cm (95% CI 5.2–6.7) compared to 4.9 in the control group (95% CI 4.2–5.8). Scores on the McGill Pain Scale were consistently lower in the massage therapy group (13.3 vs. 16.9 at 3–4 cm, 13.3 vs. 15.8 at 5–6 cm, and 19.4 vs. 28.3 at 7–8 cm), although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Our findings from this pilot study suggest that massage therapy by a registered massage therapist has the potential to be an effective means of pain management that may be associated with delayed use of epidural analgesia. It may therefore have the potential to reduce exposure to epidural analgesia during labor and decrease rates of associated sequelae. PMID:23429706

A Cry For Justice: The Voices of Chinese Workers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leung, Trini

2008-01-01

This report presents accounts based on first-hand interviews conducted by Han Dongfang, China's leading labor rights advocate, with workers across China. Han Dongfang was a leader of the Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation (BWAF), an independent labor group organized during the Tiananmen Square protests. Han today carries on the fight from Hong…

29 CFR 2520.104-42 - Waiver of certain actuarial information in the annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ERISA that the annual report include as part of the actuarial statement (Schedule B) 1 the present value of all of the plan's liabilities for nonforfeitable pension benefits allocated by termination... report. 2520.104-42 Section 2520.104-42 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS...

Employment and Unemployment in 1976. Special Labor Force Report 199.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bednarzik, Robert W.; St. Marie, Stephen M.

Changes in employment and unemployment in 1976, presented through the use of statistical data in tabular and chart forms, is the focus of this report. Protection for the unemployed, labor force trends, and persons of Spanish origin are also discussed under separate minor headings. Under the section on employment, the following subsections are…

29 CFR 1926.102 - Eye and face protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Eye and face protection. 1926.102 Section 1926.102 Labor... § 1926.102 Eye and face protection. (a) General. (1) Employees shall be provided with eye and face protection equipment when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical...

29 CFR 1926.102 - Eye and face protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Eye and face protection. 1926.102 Section 1926.102 Labor... § 1926.102 Eye and face protection. (a) General. (1) Employees shall be provided with eye and face protection equipment when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical...

The National Longitudinal Surveys Handbook. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Human Resource Research.

This volume is designed as a comprehensive guide to the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience (NLS) which are concerned with the labor market experience of middle-aged and young men and women. Detailed descriptions of the objectives of the surveys, the samples covered, and the types of information collected are presented.…

Projecting Female Labor Force Participation from Sex-Role Attitudes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waite, Linda J.

In this paper evidence on the causal connection between employment of women and sex-role attitudes is presented and evaluated. The effects of sex-role attitudes on labor force participation are reviewed, and changes in sex-role attitudes during the next fifteen years are projected. Information on the relationship between sex-role attitudes and…

Long-Term Economic and Labor Forecast Trends for Washington. 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lefberg, Irv; And Others

This publication provides actual historical and long-term forecast data on labor force, total wage and salary employment, industry employment, and personal income for the state of Washington. The data are based upon the Washington Office of Financial Management long-term population forecast. Chapter 1 presents long-term forecasts of Washington…

Employers and College Graduates in the Labor Market: Mutual Expectations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avraamova, E. M.; Verpakhovskaia, Iu.B.

2007-01-01

The labor market is sending out explicit signals that determine the behavior of present and potential workers. These signals give impetus to the development of education. In the past few years, for example, there has been a dramatic increase in the numbers of college students and higher educational institutions; the sphere of supplementary…

First sickle cell crisis triggered by induction of labor in a primigravida.

PubMed

Faron, G; Corbisier, C; Tecco, L; Vokaer, A

2001-02-01

Sickle cell anemia is a severe disorder that rarely spares affected adults. We describe here a 32-year-old pregnant woman who presented her first lifetime symptoms of her disease during induction of labor at term. We therefore discuss the possible causes that may have triggered this inaugural crisis.

The Greyhound Strike: Using a Labor Dispute to Teach Descriptive Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shatz, Mark A.

1985-01-01

A simulation exercise of a labor-management dispute is used to teach psychology students some of the basics of descriptive statistics. Using comparable data sets generated by the instructor, students work in small groups to develop a statistical presentation that supports their particular position in the dispute. (Author/RM)

Labor Force Participation Rates among Working-Age Individuals with Visual Impairments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Stacy M.

2013-01-01

The present study analyzes four consecutive years of monthly labor force participation rates reported by the Current Population Survey that included nationally representative samples of the general U.S. population and nationally representative samples of the U.S. population with specifically identified disabilities. Visual impairment is one of the…

Intervening against "Racial" Disadvantage: Educational Policy and Labor-Market Outcomes in the United Kingdom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Richard

1988-01-01

Argues that education can not guarantee social or occupational mobility, or even work, for minority groups in the United Kingdom. Presents evidence that labor market disadvantage for minority groups arises from direct racist discrimination, ethnocentric notions of "acceptability," and word-of-mouth recruitment of employees. Contains 54…

The Protection of Working Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schamel, Wynell Burroughs; And Others

1992-01-01

Sketches the history of U.S. child labor legislation through the 1920s and 1930s. Presents two historical documents for classroom use: a typescript of Georgia's child labor law from the early 1920s and a visit report by the Children's Bureau to a Georgia school superintendent. Suggests assignments, questions, analysis, and research. (DK)

General Semantics in the Labor Room.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, Jo

This paper provides a review of some basic general semantic principles and then applies them to the area of prenatal classes and labor room practices. It first presents an overview of the principle that language is not a neutral factor in human perceptions but an active, reactive force. Next, it looks at the relationship between language and…

Considering the Labor Contributions of Students: An Alternative to the Student-as-Customer Metaphor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halbesleben, Jonathon R. B.; Becker, Jennifer A. H.; Buckley, M. Ronald

2003-01-01

Labels the student-as-customer metaphor in higher education as problematic and proposes a more appropriate conception using the notion of customer labor contributions, in which students do not merely purchase education but make contributions that enhance it. Presents implications for performance management and motivation. (SK)

Some Workforce Requirements Implied by Current Manpower Forecasts. Information System for Vocational Decisions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolff, Laurence; And Others

Forecasts of the opportunities and requirements that will face the American labor force are presented and discussed. The emphasis is on exploring the distribution of skills, temperaments and other individual characteristics of the labor force in 1960 and to systematically, as contrasted to subjectively and impressionistically, forecast their…

Working Economics: Labor Policy and Conducive Economy in the Netherlands

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korver, Ton

2004-01-01

The conducive economy challenges both the conceptual foundations and the practices of present-day economies. In the Netherlands, a few initiatives during the 1980s and early 1990s looked promising, in particular, as these initiatives focused on work quality as one major precondition for reducing disability and enhancing labor participation.…

Staff Turnover in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mavuso Mda, Adele

2010-01-01

This dissertation presents two frameworks of what drives the ICT workers' decisions to terminate their employment with their employers, using in-depth interviewing of 38 ICT participants in different industry sectors in South Africa. The findings show external labor markets (ELMs) and internal labor markets (ILM) turnover factor across information…

The Application of Distance Teaching to Training in Labour Administration: The Caribbean Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leslie, A. N.

This presentation describes a collaborative distance education project between the University of the West Indies (UWI) and the Caribbean Labor Administration Center (CLAC) which resulted in CLAC using the UWI Distance Teaching Enterprise (UWIDITE) network to offer a training course for labor administrators in the Caribbean region. In addition, UWI…

What Every Employer Needs to Know about OSHA Recordkeeping.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowe, Jayne

This publication presents answers to the questions most frequently asked by employers concerning injury and illness recordkeeping and reporting requirements under the Wiliams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Under this Act, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor is held responsible for the recordkeeping…

Career Education and Organized Labor. Monographs on Career Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoyt, Kenneth B.; And Others

The three papers compiled here provide educators and others involved in career education with some information regarding the relationship of career education and organized labor. The first paper, a conference speech by Peter A. Bommarito, President of the United Rubber Workers, presents an official policy statement on career education from the…

Criminal Justice Program Review: Training Programs in Florida.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Board of Community Colleges, Tallahassee.

This report presents results from the Florida State Board of Community Colleges' review of Criminal Justice programs. A preface indicates that concerns related to crime in the state provided the impetus for the review and that it focused on issues related to curricula, funding and costs, labor demand and employment requirements, and labor supply.…

Fact Sheets on Institutional Sexism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators, New York, NY.

Statistics and statements are presented about the comparative status of men and women in terms of income, job force participation, and other topics. The statistics cover the period 1971-75 and are taken from sources including U. S. Department of Labor and Commerce reports, issues of Monthly Labor Review, Educational Testing Service, The New York…

Child Care and Development: Key Facts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poersch, Nicole; And Others

This document presents national data on: (1) children, families, and working parents; (2) the importance of child care; (3) the current status of child care; and (4) funding for child care. Specifically, the report includes figures on: (1) parents in the labor force and children with parents in the labor force; (2) the familial, economic, social,…

Child Care Centers Sponsored by Employers and Labor Unions in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry, Kathryn Senn

To gather information helpful to employers and labor representatives considering support for employee child care services, a survey of 305 employer-sponsored child care centers throughout the United States was conducted in 1978. This report presents, and in some sections updates, findings of the survey. Responses indicate that successful…

Effects of massage therapy and presence of attendant on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during labor.

PubMed

Mortazavi, Seyedeh Hamideh; Khaki, Siavash; Moradi, Rayhaneh; Heidari, Kazem; Vasegh Rahimparvar, Seyedeh Fatemeh

2012-07-01

To investigate the effects of massage and presenting an attendant on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during labor to clarify some aspects of using an alternative complementary strategy. 120 primiparous women with term pregnancy were divided into massage, attendant and control groups randomly. Massage group received firm and rhythmic massage during labor in three phases. After 30 min massage at each stage, pain, anxiety and satisfaction levels were evaluated. Self-reported present pain intensity scale was used to measure the labor pain. Anxiety and satisfaction were measured with the standard visual analog scale. Massage group had lower pain state in second and third phases (p < 0.05) in comparison with attendant group but reversely, the level of anxiety was lower in attendant group in second and third phases (p < 0.05) and satisfaction was higher in massage group in all four phases (p < 0.001). The massage group had lower pain and anxiety state in three phases in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). Data analysis of satisfaction level showed higher values in four phases in massage group compared with control (p < 0.001) and comparison of attendant and control groups showed higher satisfaction in attendant group in phases 2, 3 and 4 as well (p < 0.001). Duration of active phase was lower in massage group (p < 0.001). Findings suggest that massage is an effective alternative intervention, decreasing pain and anxiety during labor and increasing the level of satisfaction. Also, the supportive role of presenting an attendant can positively influence the level of anxiety and satisfaction.

Outcomes of external cephalic version and breech presentation at term, an audit of deliveries at a Sydney tertiary obstetric hospital, 1997-2004.

PubMed

Nassar, Natasha; Roberts, Christine L; Cameron, Carolyn A; Peat, Brian

2006-01-01

Probabilistic information on outcomes of breech presentation is important for clinical decision-making. We aim to quantify adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of breech presentation at term. We conducted an audit of 1,070 women with a term, singleton breech presentation who were classified as eligible or ineligible for external cephalic version or diagnosed in labor at a tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia, 1997-2004. Maternal, delivery and perinatal outcomes were assessed and frequency of events quantified. Five hundred and sixty (52%) women were eligible and 170 (16%) were ineligible for external cephalic version, 211 (20%) women were diagnosed in labor and 134 (12%) were unclassifiable. Seventy-one percent of eligible women had an external cephalic version, with a 39% success rate. Adverse outcomes of breech presentation at term were rare: immediate delivery for prelabor rupture of membranes (1.3%), nuchal cord (9.3%), cord prolapse (0.4%), and fetal death (0.3%); and did not differ by clinical classification. Women who had an external cephalic version had a reduced risk of onset-of-labor within 24 h (RR 0.25; 95%CI 0.08, 0.82) compared with women eligible for but who did not have an external cephalic version. Women diagnosed with breech in labor had the highest rates of emergency cesarean section (64%), cord prolapse (1.4%) and poorest infant outcomes. Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of breech presentation at term are rare and there was no increased risk of complications after external cephalic version. Findings provide important data to quantify the frequency of adverse outcomes that will help facilitate informed decision-making and ensure optimal management of breech presentation.

Comparison of the effect of aromatherapy with Jasminum officinale and Salvia officinale on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women

PubMed Central

Kaviani, Maasumeh; Maghbool, Shahla; Azima, Sara; Tabaei, Mohammad Hosein

2014-01-01

Background: Using non-pharmacological pain relief methods for reducing labor pain has always been one of the major concerns in obstetrics and gynecology. Objective: Comparing the effects of aromatherapy with jasmine and salvia on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 156 nulliparous women in labor were randomly selected and divided into salvia, jasmine, and control groups (52 in each group). The study duration was 6 months (from October 2009 to March 2010). Each group underwent aromatherapy using an incense mask for 15 min (distilled water for the control group). Pain severity was measured before and 30 and 60 min after the incense aromatherapy. Also, duration of the first and second stages of labor, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores of the baby, and the frequency of labor type were measured and recorded in each group. Results: In comparison to the other groups, pain severity and duration of the first and second stages of labor were significantly lower in the aromatherapy group of salvia 30 min after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found among the three groups regarding pain severity 60 min after the aromatherapy, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores of the baby, and the frequency of labor type. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that aromatherapy with saliva had beneficial effects on pain relief, shortened the labor stages, and had no negative impact on the baby's APGAR score. PMID:25558267

A survey on informed consent process for epidural analgesia in labor pain in Korea

PubMed Central

Lee, Nan-Ju; Sim, Jiyeon; Lee, Mi Soon; Han, Sun Sook; Lee, Hwa Mi

2010-01-01

Background There is a legal obligation to explain the procedure and use of epidural analgesia in labor primarily due to the possibility of potential risks and associated complications. The present study details on the survey carried out to ascertain the current status of obtaining informed consent (IC) for explaining the epidural analgesia in labor. Methods The present study is based on a survey through a telephone questionnaire that covered all the hospitals in Korea where the anesthesiologists' belonged to and are registered with Korean Society of Anesthesiologists. The questionnaire included questions pertaining to administration of epidural analgesia to a parturient, information on different steps of obtaining an IC, whether patient status was evaluated, when the consent was obtained, and the reasons behind, if the consent had not being given. Results A total of 1,434 respondents took part in the survey, with a response rate of 97% (1,434/1,467). One hundred seventy-four hospitals had conducted epidural analgesia on the parturient. The overall rate of obtaining IC for epidural analgesia during labor was 85%, of which only 13% was conducted by anesthesiologists. The rate of evaluating preoperative patient status was 74%, of which 45% was conducted by anesthesiologists. Almost all of the consent was obtained prior to the procedure. Conclusions The rate of obtaining IC for epidural analgesia in labor is relatively high (85%) in Korea. However, it is necessary to discuss the content of the consent and the procedure followed for obtaining IC during the rapid progress of labor. PMID:20651996

Focused review: ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for epidural labor analgesia.

PubMed

Beilin, Yaakov; Halpern, Stephen

2010-08-01

Neuraxial analgesia is frequently administered to women in labor. For many years, bupivacaine has been used because of its long duration of action, lack of excessive motor block, and minimal fetal and neonatal effects. However, bupivacaine is one of the most cardiotoxic local anesthetics in current use and motor block is still a problem. Many local anesthetics such as bupivacaine exist in 2 forms, levorotatory and dextrorotatory. Ropivacaine, an amide local anesthetic produced in the pure levorotatory form addresses some of the concerns related to bupivacaine. In this article, we present the literature comparing ropivacaine and bupivacaine to determine whether there is an advantage to using one of these local anesthetics for labor analgesia. We found that there is no advantage to the routine use of ropivacaine for labor analgesia.

Decision Making about Hospital Arrival among Low-Risk Nulliparous Women after Spontaneous Labor Onset at Home.

PubMed

Edmonds, Joyce K; Miley, Kathleen; Angelini, Kimberly J; Shah, Neel T

2018-05-15

Postponing hospital admission until the active phase of labor is a recommended strategy to safely reduce the incidence of primary cesarean births. Success of this strategy depends on women's decisions about when to transfer from home to the hospital, a process that is largely absent from research about childbirth. This study aimed to determine the decision-making criteria used by women about when to go to the hospital after the self-identification of labor onset at home. A qualitative study was conducted at an academic medical center with a sample of 21 nulliparous women who went into spontaneous labor at home and had term, singleton, and vertex-presentation births. The purposive sample consisted of women who decided to stay at home or go to the hospital in early labor. Birth narratives from in-depth interviews conducted in the postpartum period using a semistructured interview guide were subjected to content analysis. The verbatim transcriptions of the interviews were coded and categorized into a set of decision criteria. Criteria used by women in deciding to go to the hospital or stay at home in early labor included the degree of certainty with the self-identification of labor onset, ability to cope with labor pain, influence of social network members, health care provider advice, and concerns about travel to the hospital. Perception of childbirth risk and the need for reassurance about the normalcy of symptoms and fetal well-being also influenced women's decisions. Women use a common set of criteria in deciding when to arrive at the hospital during labor. Antenatal education and telephone triage interventions that incorporate the considerations of women deciding to seek or delay hospital admission in childbirth may facilitate health seeking in more advanced labor. Symptom recognition education about early labor onset and progression could reduce decisional uncertainty. © 2018 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Delivery outcome after trial of labor in nulliparous women over 40 years of age - a population-based study.

PubMed

Ankarcrona, Victoria; Altman, Daniel; Wikström, Anna-Karin; Jacobsson, Bo; Brismar Wendel, Sophia

2018-05-17

An increasing proportion of nulliparous women are over 40 years and labor is more often induced. The aim of this study was to assess delivery outcome in women over 40 years, accounting for the interaction between age and induction. Population-based study of 1 644 598 nulliparous women with live singleton cephalic term deliveries 1992 to 2011. Risks of intrapartum cesarean section, operative vaginal delivery, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS), and 5-minutes Apgar score <7 were calculated in women ≥40 years with induced or spontaneous labor, and women <40 years with induced labor by unconditional logistic regression, and presented with crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Women <40 years with spontaneous labor were used as reference. Intrapartum cesarean section was performed in 19.2% (aOR 3.14, 95%CI 2.94-3.35) of women ≥40 years with induced labor, 7.3% (aOR 1.51, 95%CI 1.44-1.58) with spontaneous labor, and 15.6% (aOR 2.48, 95%CI 2.43-2.53) of induced women <40 years, compared to 4.4% in the reference group. Operative vaginal delivery occurred in 9.8% (aOR 1.05, 95%CI 0.96-1.14) of women ≥40 years with induced labor and in 7.3% (aOR 0.94, 95%CI 0.90-0.99) with spontaneous labor. Obstetric anal sphincter injury was not increased in women ≥40 years. Apgar <7 at 5 minutes was similar in all groups. Trial of labor was successful in most women ≥40 years, even after induction of labor. Intrapartum cesarean section was more common compared to women <40, while operative vaginal delivery, obstetric anal sphincter injury, and low Apgar was not. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Facilitating longer working lives: international evidence on why and how.

PubMed

Wise, David A

2010-01-01

The article advances the view that social and economic choices in societies can reasonably adjust as the age structure of the population changes; in particular, some of the bounty of longer lives can reasonably be allocated to prolonging the labor force participation of older workers. Data on reductions in mortality and, in some countries, declines in disability are presented in ways that help to clarify that prolonged working lives may be a natural concomitant of living longer. The article reviews the problems inherent in the combination of living longer and reducing labor force participation at older ages. It discusses two ways to facilitate longer working lives: (1) eliminating penalties on work at older ages--inherent in the provisions of the social security programs in many countries--that induce older persons to leave the labor force at younger ages; and (2) correcting a false rationale--the "boxed economy" view of the labor market--that is often used to support retention of the provisions that induce older persons to leave the labor force.

Stochastic Forecasting of Labor Supply and Population: An Integrated Model.

PubMed

Fuchs, Johann; Söhnlein, Doris; Weber, Brigitte; Weber, Enzo

2018-01-01

This paper presents a stochastic model to forecast the German population and labor supply until 2060. Within a cohort-component approach, our population forecast applies principal components analysis to birth, mortality, emigration, and immigration rates, which allows for the reduction of dimensionality and accounts for correlation of the rates. Labor force participation rates are estimated by means of an econometric time series approach. All time series are forecast by stochastic simulation using the bootstrap method. As our model also distinguishes between German and foreign nationals, different developments in fertility, migration, and labor participation could be predicted. The results show that even rising birth rates and high levels of immigration cannot break the basic demographic trend in the long run. An important finding from an endogenous modeling of emigration rates is that high net migration in the long run will be difficult to achieve. Our stochastic perspective suggests therefore a high probability of substantially decreasing the labor supply in Germany.

Remedies to the problem of child labor: the situation in the apparel industry.

PubMed

Mazur, J

1993-09-01

When you realize how long the problem of child labor has been around, anyone who ventures into the terrain of remedies obviously needs a long memory and not a little optimism. What have we tried? What has worked? And what has not worked? To answer these questions, we must first look at how we have diagnosed the problem. Some say that the return of child labor is due to the present recession. Hard-pressed businesses are looking for cheap and cheaper labor. Sweatshops proliferate. When the recession recedes, so will child labor. If it were that simple, we could all congratulate ourselves on having conducted this enlightened symposium and go home without worrying much more about the problem. The magic hand of the market, in due course, will straighten it all out. Let me tell you something about the apparel industry in New York where new laws and strict enforcement make the only difference. Over 80% of OSHA inspections were triggered by the state's Apparel Task Force.

Assessing first-stage labor progression and its relationship to complications.

PubMed

Hamilton, Emily F; Warrick, Philip A; Collins, Kathleen; Smith, Samuel; Garite, Thomas J

2016-03-01

New labor curves have challenged the traditional understanding of the general pattern of dilation and descent in labor. They also revealed wide variation in the time to advance in dilation. An interval of arrest such as 4 hours did not fall beyond normal limits until dilation had reached 6 cm. Thus, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine first-stage arrest criteria, based in part on these findings, are applicable only in late labor. The wide range of time to dilate is unavoidable because cervical dilation has neither a precise nor direct relationship to time. Newer statistical techniques (multifactorial models) can improve precision by incorporating several factors that are related directly to labor progress. At each examination, the calculations adapt to the mother's current labor conditions. They produce a quantitative assessment that is expressed in percentiles. Low percentiles indicate potentially problematic labor progression. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between first-stage labor progress- and labor-related complications with the use of 2 different assessment methods. The first method was based on arrest of dilation definitions. The other method used percentile rankings of dilation or station based on adaptive multifactorial models. We included all 4703 cephalic-presenting, term, singleton births with electronic fetal monitoring and cord gases at 2 academic community referral hospitals in 2012 and 2013. We assessed electronic data for route of delivery, all dilation and station examinations, newborn infant status, electronic fetal monitoring tracings, and cord blood gases. The labor-related complication groups included 272 women with cesarean delivery for first-stage arrest, 558 with cesarean delivery for fetal heart rate concerns, 178 with obstetric hemorrhage, and 237 with neonatal depression, which left 3004 women in the spontaneous vaginal birth group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for each assessment method by measurement of the sensitivity for each complication vs the false-positive rate in the normal reference group. The duration of arrest at ≥6 cm dilation showed poor levels of discrimination for the cesarean delivery interventions (area under the curve, 0.55-0.65; P < .01) and no significant relationship to hemorrhage or neonatal depression. The dilation and station percentiles showed high discrimination for the cesarean delivery-related outcomes (area under the curve, 0.78-0.93; P < .01) and low discrimination for the clinical outcomes of hemorrhage and neonatal depression (area under the curve, 0.58-0.61; P < .01). Duration of arrest of dilation at ≥6 cm showed little or no discrimination for any of the complications. In comparison, percentile rankings that were based on the adaptive multifactorial models showed much higher discrimination for cesarean delivery interventions and better, but low discrimination for hemorrhage. Adaptive multifactorial models present a different method to assess labor progress. Rather than "pass/fail" criteria that are applicable only to dilation in late labor, they produce percentile rankings, assess 2 essential processes for vaginal birth (dilation and descent), and can be applied from 3 cm onward. Given the limitations of labor-progress assessment based solely on the passage of time and because of the extreme variation in decision-making for cesarean delivery for labor disorders, the types of mathematic analyses that are described in this article are logical and promising steps to help standardize labor assessment. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Labor migration to the United States by natives from the State of Mexico].

PubMed

Gonzalez Becerril, J G

1998-01-01

Based primarily on data from the Encuesta sobre Migracion en la Frontera Norte de Mexico, results of a study of international migration from the Mexican state of Mexico to the United States over time are presented The author notes that from 1942 to 1964, labor migration between the two countries was organized under an agreement between the two governments concerned. However, since that agreement ended, an increasing volume of illegal labor migration has occurred in response to the economic situation. Attention is given to migrant characteristics, the characteristics of illegal immigrants deported back to Mexico, and migrant remittances.

Planetary spacecraft cost modeling utilizing labor estimating relationships

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Raymond

1990-01-01

A basic computerized technology is presented for estimating labor hours and cost of unmanned planetary and lunar programs. The user friendly methodology designated Labor Estimating Relationship/Cost Estimating Relationship (LERCER) organizes the forecasting process according to vehicle subsystem levels. The level of input variables required by the model in predicting cost is consistent with pre-Phase A type mission analysis. Twenty one program categories were used in the modeling. To develop the model, numerous LER and CER studies were surveyed and modified when required. The result of the research along with components of the LERCER program are reported.

29 CFR 6.54 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hearing. 6.54 Section 6.54 Labor Office of the Secretary of... Length Proceedings § 6.54 Hearing. (a) Except as provided in § 6.53(c) of this title, the hearing shall..., including the presentation of additional evidence, shall be considered at the hearing. There shall be a...

29 CFR 6.54 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hearing. 6.54 Section 6.54 Labor Office of the Secretary of... Length Proceedings § 6.54 Hearing. (a) Except as provided in § 6.53(c) of this title, the hearing shall..., including the presentation of additional evidence, shall be considered at the hearing. There shall be a...

29 CFR 6.54 - Hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hearing. 6.54 Section 6.54 Labor Office of the Secretary of... Length Proceedings § 6.54 Hearing. (a) Except as provided in § 6.53(c) of this title, the hearing shall..., including the presentation of additional evidence, shall be considered at the hearing. There shall be a...

The Gender Division of Labor and the Reproduction of Female Disadvantage: Toward an Integrated Theory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chafetz, Janet Saltzman

1988-01-01

Presents a theory of mechanisms sustaining and reproducing systems of gender stratification, central amongst which is gender division of labor, within both the family and the wider society. Asserts men create dominant social functions which contribute further to gender stratification. Maintains women then choose that which they would otherwise be…

78 FR 77498 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance In accordance with Section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2273) the Department of Labor herein presents summaries of determinations regarding eligibility to apply for trade...

Workers of Spanish Origin: A Chartbook. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin 1970.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mellor, Earl F.; And Others

Selected characteristics of the Spanish origin population (Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish) and labor force in the United States are presented in this chartbook, compiled from the March 1976 Current Population Survey. Divided into four sections, the chartbook looks at the size and composition of…

Protecting the Confidentiality of Faculty Peer Review Records: Department of Labor v. The University of California.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Michael

1981-01-01

One university presently has an accord with the Department of Labor that helps greatly in satisfying confidentiality needs. However, each university is still forced to undergo litigation independently for treatment of its records. In the meantime, the peer review system may be eroding until underlying legal issues are settled. (MSE)

Decisons To Promote or Hire: The Case of University Administrative Appointments. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnsrud, Linda K.; Sagaria, Mary Ann D.

Internal labor market theory is extended to identify market domains that influence administrative staffing decisions, and a theoretical predictive model about the role of market domains in decisions to promote or hire is proposed and tested. Information is presented as follows: theoretical framework; labor markets within higher education; and the…

Beginning Subbaccalaureate Students' Labor Market Experiences: Six Years Later in 2009. Web Tables. NCES 2012-273

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ifill, Nicole; Radford, Alexandria Walton

2012-01-01

This set of Web Tables presents descriptive statistics on the spring 2009 labor market experiences of subbaccalaureate students who first entered postsecondary education in 2003-04. The Web Tables use data from the nationally representative 2004/09 Beginning Post-secondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09), which followed a cohort of…

Working for Wages: Mexican Women in the Southwest, 1930-1980. Working Paper No. 19.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruiz, Vickie L.

Statistical profiles of Mexican American women workers and a narrative describing their role in trade unions illustrate the economic precariousness of this group and of women in general. Census and Labor Department reports document national labor trends from 1930-1980 with emphasis on the Southwest. Tables present information on occupational type,…

75 FR 75699 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-06

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance In accordance with Section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2273) the Department of Labor herein presents summaries of determinations regarding eligibility to apply for trade...

29 CFR Appendix D to Subpart P of... - Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Subpart P of Part 1926 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.... 1926, Subpt. P, App. D Appendix D to Subpart P of Part 1926—Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches (a... classification method set forth in appendix A of subpart P of part 1926. (c) Presentation of Information...

29 CFR Appendix D to Subpart P of... - Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Subpart P of Part 1926 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.... 1926, Subpt. P, App. D Appendix D to Subpart P of Part 1926—Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches (a... classification method set forth in appendix A of subpart P of part 1926. (c) Presentation of Information...

29 CFR Appendix D to Subpart P of... - Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Subpart P of Part 1926 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.... 1926, Subpt. P, App. D Appendix D to Subpart P of Part 1926—Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches (a... classification method set forth in appendix A of subpart P of part 1926. (c) Presentation of Information...

Negro Employment in the South. Volume 2: The Memphis Labor Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

This monograph on Negro employment in the Memphis labor market is part of a federally sponsored project on Negro employment in the South which seeks to present the latest information on both the racial employment patterns and the factors responsible for perpetuating or for changing those patterns. As part of a doctoral dissertation, a comparison…

29 CFR 1650.205 - Consideration of evidence submitted as a result of notification of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... notification of intent. 1650.205 Section 1650.205 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL...) Consideration of evidence. If, as a result of the notification of intent, EEOC receives notice that the debtor... time period, collection will be stayed until EEOC: (1) Considers the evidence presented by the debtor...

29 CFR 1650.205 - Consideration of evidence submitted as a result of notification of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... notification of intent. 1650.205 Section 1650.205 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL...) Consideration of evidence. If, as a result of the notification of intent, EEOC receives notice that the debtor... time period, collection will be stayed until EEOC: (1) Considers the evidence presented by the debtor...

29 CFR 1650.205 - Consideration of evidence submitted as a result of notification of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... notification of intent. 1650.205 Section 1650.205 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL...) Consideration of evidence. If, as a result of the notification of intent, EEOC receives notice that the debtor... time period, collection will be stayed until EEOC: (1) Considers the evidence presented by the debtor...

29 CFR 1650.205 - Consideration of evidence submitted as a result of notification of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... notification of intent. 1650.205 Section 1650.205 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL...) Consideration of evidence. If, as a result of the notification of intent, EEOC receives notice that the debtor... time period, collection will be stayed until EEOC: (1) Considers the evidence presented by the debtor...

29 CFR 1650.205 - Consideration of evidence submitted as a result of notification of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... notification of intent. 1650.205 Section 1650.205 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL...) Consideration of evidence. If, as a result of the notification of intent, EEOC receives notice that the debtor... time period, collection will be stayed until EEOC: (1) Considers the evidence presented by the debtor...

Japanese Sex Differences in Preferred & Observed Divisions of Labor in the Home.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel, John W.

This research describes sex roles and divisions of labor observed in families of origin by contemporary Japanese (n=1,000) and contemporary preferences for division or sharing of family tasks. It then compares these preferences to determine whether significant differences exist between men and women in contemporary Japan. For their present and…

The Effect of Treating Bacterial Vaginosis on Preterm Labor

PubMed Central

Tebes, Christine C.; Lynch, Catherine

2003-01-01

Objective: Multiple studies suggest that bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes preterm labor; yet its routine treatment remains controversial. In order to help to elucidate this controversy, we performed a thorough review of studies with levels of evidence ranging from I to II–II. Methods: We searched for all of the studies from the years 1994 to 2001 via Medline’s database, including MD Consult and Ovid Mednet. Results: Several trials discovered a decrease in the incidence of preterm labor when BV was treated, but most of those trials were performed on women with a history of preterm labor. However, the majority of trials reviewed advise against treatment of a general low-risk obstetric population, as there was no significant decrease in preterm labor. Conclusions: Therefore, based on the above studies and the current guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), treating pregnant women in high-risk populations who are diagnosed with BV provides the clinician with an opportunity to possibly prevent preterm labor in this population. In nulliparous women without a history of preterm birth, treatment is recommended if other risk factors are present (e.g. gonorrhea or chlamydia). However, in the general low-risk populations, routine screening is not indicated. PMID:14627219

The effect of treating bacterial vaginosis on preterm labor.

PubMed

Tebes, Christine C; Lynch, Catherine; Sinnott, John

2003-01-01

Multiple studies suggest that bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes preterm labor; yet its routine treatment remains controversial. In order to help to elucidate this controversy, we performed a thorough review of studies with levels of evidence ranging from I to II-II. We searched for all of the studies from the years 1994 to 2001 via Medline's database, including MD Consult and Ovid Mednet. Several trials discovered a decrease in the incidence of preterm labor when BV was treated, but most of those trials were performed on women with a history of preterm labor. However, the majority of trials reviewed advise against treatment of a general low-risk obstetric population, as there was no significant decrease in preterm labor. Therefore, based on the above studies and the current guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), treating pregnant women in high-risk populations who are diagnosed with BV provides the clinician with an opportunity to possibly prevent preterm labor in this population. In nulliparous women without a history of preterm birth, treatment is recommended if other risk factors are present (e.g. gonorrhea or chlamydia). However, in the general low-risk populations, routine screening is not indicated.

Effects of Adrenergic Blockade on Postpartum Adaptive Responses Induced by Labor Contractions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ronca, April E.; Mills, N. A.; Lam, K. P.; Hayes, L. E.; Bowley, Susan M. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Prenatal exposure to labor contractions augments the expression of postnatal adaptive responses in newborn rats. Near-term rat fetuses exposed prenatally to simulated labor contractions and delivered by cesarean section breath and attach to nipples at greater frequencies than non-stimulated fetuses. Plasma NE (norepinephrine) and EPI (epinephrine) was significantly elevated in newborn rats exposed to vaginal birth or simulated labor contractions (compressions) with cesarean delivery as compared to non-compressed fetuses. In the present study, we investigated adrenergic mechanisms underlying labor-induced postnatal adaptive responses. Following spinal transection of late pregnant rat dams, fetuses were administered neurogenic or non-neurogenic adrenergic blockade: 1) bretylium (10 mg/kg sc) to prevent sympathetic neuronal release, 2) hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) to produce ganglionic blockade, 3) phenoxybenzanune (10mg/kg sc), an a- adrenergic receptor antagonist, 4) ICI-118551, 10 mg/kg sc), a b receptor antagonist, or 5) vehicle alone. Fetuses were either compressed (C) or non-compressed (NC) prior to cesarean delivery. a- and b- adrenergic antagonists reduced respiration and nipple attachment rates while sympathetic and vehicle alone did not. These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that adaptive neonatal effects of labor contractions are mediated by adrenal and extra-adrenal catecholamines.

CXCL6 (Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein-2): a novel chemokine involved in the innate immune response of the amniotic cavity

PubMed Central

Mittal, Pooja; Romero, Roberto; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Edwin, Samuel S.; Gotsch, Francesca; Mazaki-Tovi, Shali; Espinoza, Jimmy; Erez, Offer; Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling; Than, Nandor G; Vaisbuch, Edi; Hassan, Sonia S

2008-01-01

PROBLEM CXCL6 is a potent pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemoattractant and activator whose activity during pregnancy is not well-established. The purpose of this study was to determine if CXCL6 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and if CXCL6 concentrations in AF change with labor (preterm and term) or intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). METHOD OF STUDY A cross-sectional study was conducted with the following groups: 1) mid-trimester (n=65); 2) term no labor (n=20); 3) term labor (n=44); 4) patients with PTL with subsequent term delivery (n=57); 5) preterm labor (PTL) without IAI who delivered preterm (n=47); and 6) PTL with IAI (n=62). AF CXCL6 concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS CXCL6 was present in all term samples, but undetectable in 64/65 mid-trimester specimens. Patients with PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median CXCL6 AF concentration than those with PTL without IAI [228.9 pg/ml (0.0–8344.8) vs. 55.7 pg/ml (0–454.4); p<0.05] and those with PTL and term delivery [41.5 pg/ml (0–279.0); p<0.05]. Median AF CXCL6 concentration did not change with spontaneous term labor [term no labor: 81.1 pg/ml (8.5–201.7) vs. term labor: 75.2 pg/ml (6.7–378.7): p=0.74]. CONCLUSIONS 1) CXCL6 is detectable in AF and its concentration increases with gestational age; 2) IAI results in increased CXCL6 AF concentrations, suggesting that CXCL6 plays a role in the deployment of an inflammatory response; 3) In contrast to related chemokines, specifically IL-8, AF CXCL6 does not appear to be involved in spontaneous term parturition. These observations are novel, and suggest a role for CXCL6 in the innate immune response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. PMID:18782286

Relationship between behavioral indices of pain during labor pain with pain intensity and duration of delivery

PubMed Central

Asl, Bibi Marziyeh Hashemi; Golmakani, Nahid; Najafi, Alireza

2018-01-01

Background Certain behaviors can be adopted by women to cope with labor pain according to their individual characteristics, which are currently called behavioral indicators during labor pain, and include facial expressions, verbal expressions, tone of voice, body movements, degree of relaxation, and respiratory system functioning during delivery. Moreover, severity of pain and duration of labor can vary due to several factors including individual characteristics. Objective The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between behavioral indicators during labor pain, severity of pain, and delivery duration. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 120 low risk pregnant women who referred to Omolbanin (AS) Hospital in the city of Mashhad (Iran) for delivery in 2014, were selected via convenience sampling method, which was then followed by completion of demographic information forms. From cervical dilatation of 3–5 centimeters until delivery, the Labor Pain Coping Behavior Observation Form (comprised of 6 sub-groups of facial expressions, verbal expressions, tone of voice, body movements, degree of relaxation, and respiratory function and severity and duration of pain) was completed during uterine contractions and every half an hour. Using the Inventory of Labor Information; vital signs, frequency of contractions, and duration of the first and second stages of labor were measured. Furthermore, the content validity of the questionnaire was determined and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha method. Then, the data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16, through Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and ANOVA. Results According to the results, 16.2% of the individuals had undesirable behavioral indicators during labor pain, 50% of them were endowed with acceptable behaviors, and 33.8% of these women had desirable behaviors. The findings also revealed that the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor (p<0.001 and r=−0.453), the duration of the second stage of labor (p<0.012 and r=−0.146), and the severity of pain (p<0.001 and r=−0.450) were significantly and inversely correlated with behavioral indicators during labor pain; i.e. an increase in the mean score of behavioral indicators during labor pain could lead to a decline in the duration of stages of labor and severity of pain. Conclusion It was concluded that behaviors demonstrated by women in labor had effects on their pains in the course of delivery, and there was also a relationship between the duration of stages of labor and its severity of pain. Therefore, it was recommended to turn attention to behaviors by women in labor in order to achieve a desirable clinical management. PMID:29588826

The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety, Pain, and Outcomes of the Labor in Primigravida Women.

PubMed

Moghimi-Hanjani, Soheila; Mehdizadeh-Tourzani, Zahra; Shoghi, Mahnaz

2015-08-01

Reflexology is a technique used widely as one of non-pharmacological pain management techniques. The present study aimed to review and determine the effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. This clinical trial study was conducted on 80 primigravida mothers who were divided randomly into an intervention group (Foot reflexology applied for 40 min, n=40) and control group (n=40). The pain intensity was scored immediately after the end of intervention and at 30,60 and 120 min after the intervention in both groups, based on McGill Questionnaire for Pain Rating Index (PRI). Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was completed before and after intervention in both groups. Duration of labor phases, the type of labor and Apgar scores of the infant at the first and fifth minute were recorded in both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods (t-test and chi-square test) were applied in analyzing data. Application of reflexology technique decreased pain intensity (at 30, 60 and 120 min after intervention) and duration of labor as well as anxiety level significantly (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of the frequency distribution of the type of labor and Apgar score (P<0.001). Results of this study show that reflexology reduces labor pain intensity, duration of labor, anxiety, frequency distribution of natural delivery and increases Apgar scores. Using this non-invasive technique, obstetricians can achieve, to some extent, to one of the most important goals of midwifery as pain relief and reducing anxiety during labor and encourage the mothers to have a vaginal delivery.

The labor force of the future.

PubMed

Norwood, J L

1987-07-01

In the decades ahead, the US labor force will reflect changes in the industrial structure, with declines in some manufacturing industries and expansion in service industries. The services sector is so diverse that the jobs within it cannot be categorized as either high wage or low wage. The service-producing sector employs 85% of professional specialty workers in the US. In general, information on compensation trends indicates that greater increases in compensation have occurred for workers in service-producing as opposed to goods-producing industries. The increase in service sector jobs has created opportunities for women to enter the labor force and, at present, 5 out of 6 women work in this sector compared to fewer than 2 out of 3 men. Productivity growth rates in the service-producing industries vary substantially and are strongly affected by the business cycle. Central to employment opportunities in the years ahead will be the effect of new technology. To date, the aggregate effect of new technology has been increased employment and higher living standards. Although retraining programs should be in place, the scenario of a huge technology-created labor surplus seems unlikely. In fact, a more likely problem is a shortage of labor resulting from earlier labor force withdrawal and demographic aging of the population. Those in the 25-54-year age group will represent a larger share of the labor force in the years ahead. In addition, blacks are expected to account for 20% of the labor force growth in the next decade. Finally, given increasing labor force participation rates among mothers, employers may have to provide more flexible work schedules, assistance with day care, and more attractive benefits packages.

Perceptions of care in women sent home in latent labor.

PubMed

Hosek, Claire; Faucher, Mary Ann; Lankford, Janice; Alexander, James

2014-01-01

To assess perceptions of care from woman discharged from an obstetrical (OB) triage unit or a labor and delivery unit with a diagnosis of false or latent labor in order to determine factors that may increase or decrease the woman's satisfaction with care. Descriptive, convenience sample. One hundred low-income pregnant women at term presenting for care in latent labor consented to participate in a telephone survey. The survey was based on the relevant research about care of women in early labor and the Donabedian quality improvement framework assessing structure, process, and outcomes of care. Forty-one percent of women did not want to be discharged home in latent labor. Common reasons included women stating they were in too much pain or they were living too far from the birth setting. Eating, drinking, and comfort measures were the most common measures women cited that would have made them feel better when in the hospital. A reoccurring response from women was their desire for very clear and specific written instructions about how to stay comfortable at home and when to return to the hospital. Comfort measures in the birth setting, including in triage, should include a variety of options including ambulation and oral nutrition. Detailed and specific written instructions about early labor and staying comfortable while at home have value for women in this survey regarding their perceptions of care. Results from this survey of low-income women suggest that a subset of women in latent labor just do not want to go home and this may be related to having too much pain and/or travel distance to the hospital. Hospital birth settings also have an opportunity to create a care environment that provides services and embodies attributes that women report as important for their satisfaction with care in latent labor.

The QUiPP App: a safe alternative to a treat-all strategy for threatened preterm labor.

PubMed

Watson, H A; Carter, J; Seed, P T; Tribe, R M; Shennan, A H

2017-09-01

To evaluate the impact of triaging women at risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) using the QUiPP App, which incorporates a predictive model combining history of sPTB, gestational age and quantitative measurements of fetal fibronectin, compared with a treat-all policy (advocated by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) among women with threatened preterm labor before 30 weeks' gestation. Prospectively collected data of pregnant women presenting with symptoms of preterm labor (abdominal pain or tightening) at 24-34 weeks' gestation were retrieved from the research databases of the EQUIPP and PETRA studies for subanalysis. Each episode of threatened preterm labor was retrospectively assigned a risk for sPTB within 7 days using the QUiPP App. A primary outcome of delivery within 7 days was used to model the performance accuracy of the QUiPP App compared with a treat-all policy. Using a 5% risk of delivery within 7 days according to the QUiPP App as the threshold for intervention, 9/9 women who presented with threatened preterm labor < 34 weeks would have been treated correctly, giving a sensitivity of 100% (one-sided 97.5% CI, 66.4%) and a negative predictive value of 100% (97.5% CI, 98.9-100%). The positive predictive value for delivery within 7 days was 30.0% (95% CI, 11.9-54.3%) for women presenting before 30 weeks and 20.0% (95% CI, 12.7-30.1%) for women presenting between 30 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks. If this 5% threshold had been used to triage women presenting between 24 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks, 89.4% (n = 168) of admissions could have been safely avoided, compared with 0% for a treat-all strategy. No true case of preterm labor would have been missed, as no woman who was assigned a risk of < 10% delivered within 7 days. For women with threatened preterm labor, the QUiPP App can accurately guide management at risk thresholds for sPTB of 1%, 5% and 10%, allowing outpatient management in the vast majority of cases. A treat-all approach would not have avoided admission for any woman, and would have exposed 188 mothers and their babies to unnecessary hospitalization and steroid administration and increased the burden on network and transport services owing to unnecessary in-utero transfers. Prediction of sPTB should be performed before 30 weeks to determine management until there is evidence that such a high level of unnecessary intervention, as suggested by the treat-all strategy, does less harm than the occurrence of rare false negatives. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Neural Correlates of Birth: Labor Contractions Induce C-Fos Expression In Newborn Rat Brain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ronca, A. E.; Daly, M. E.; Baer, L. A.; Hills, E. M.; Conway, G.; Dalton, Bonnie (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

At birth, the newborn mammal must make rapid adaptations to the extrauterine environment to survive. We have previously shown that labor contractions augment the appearance of adaptive responses at birth, viz., postpartum breathing and the onset of suckling. Since neuronal activity has been shown to upregulate the activity of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the brain, we analyzed the neural distribution of c-Fos protein expression in newborn rats using immunohistochemistry. Previous studies have reported a burst of c-Fos mRNA expression in mouse and rat brain at birth however relationships to labor and delivery have not been examined. In the present study, we exposed near-term rat fetuses to elements of the vaginal birth process: 1) Simulated labor contractions. 2) Postpartum cooling (22 deg C). 3) Umbilical cord occlusion. and 4) Stroking to mimic postpartum licking by the dam. Cardinally delivered newborns (VG) were compared with those delivered by cesarean section following either prenatal exposure to compressions (C) [simulated labor contractions], or no compressions (NC) [no labor contractions]. Similar patterns of c-fos activation were observed throughout hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in VG and C newborns that were not apparent in NC newborns. Our results indicate that labor contractions play a role in the induction of widespread neural activation in the newborn brain.

Manufacturing cost analysis of a parabolic dish concentrator (General Electric design) for solar thermal electric power systems in selected production volumes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The manufacturing cost of a General Electric 12 meter diameter concentrator was estimated. This parabolic dish concentrator for solar thermal system was costed in annual production volumes of 100 - 1,000 - 5,000 - 10,000 - 50,000 100,000 - 400,000 and 1,000,000 units. Presented for each volume are the costs of direct labor, material, burden, tooling, capital equipment and buildings. Also presented is the direct labor personnel and factory space requirements. All costs are based on early 1981 economics.

Passive solar water heating: breadbox design for the Fred Young Farm Labor Center in Indio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melzer, B; Maeda, B

1979-10-01

An appropriate passive solar preheater for multifamily housing units in the Fred Young Farm Labor Center in Indio, California, was designed and analyzed. A brief summary of passive preheater systems and the key design features used in current designs is presented. The design features necessary for the site requirements are described. The eight preliminary preheater designs reviewed for the project are presented. The results of thermal performance simulation for the eight prototype systems are discussed. Alternative monitoring systems for the installation are described and evaluated. The consultants' recommendations, working drawings, and performance estimates of the system selected are presented. (MHR)

Real options approach to inter-sectoral migration of U.S.farm labor

Treesearch

Gulcan Onel; Barry K. Goodwin

2014-01-01

The core of the literature on inter-sectoral labor migration is based on net present value models of investment in which individuals are assumed to migrate to take advantage of positive wage differentials. In this article, we argue that a real options approach, taken together with the adjustment costs associated with sectoral relocation, may provide a basis for...

Further Education and Training in Swedish Working Life: A Discussion of Trends and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuijnman, Albert

Written mainly for a non-Swedish audience, this document has a twofold purpose: (1) to examine how and to what extent the further education and training of the labor force is both presently and prospectively dealt with in collective bargaining agreements and other workplace negotiation processes in the Swedish labor market; and (2) to examine the…

Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Washington, DC.

This brief report presents and discusses statistics on the marital and family characteristics of workers in 1973 [e.g., nearly 40 million married men and 20 million married women were among the 88 million person labor force, and of the 1.7 million increase in the labor force, three-quarters consisted of married women (34 percent), single men (24…

STEM Employment in the New Economy: A Labor Market Segmentation Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torres-Olave, Blanca M.

2013-01-01

The present study examined the extent to which the U.S. STEM labor market is stratified in terms of quality of employment. Through a series of cluster analyses and Chi-square tests on data drawn from the 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP), the study found evidence of segmentation in the highly-skilled STEM and non-STEM samples,…

Have Disability Transfers Caused the Decline in Older Male Labor Force Participation? A Work-Status Rational Choice Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haveman, Robert H.; Wolfe, Barbara L.

This paper presents a decision-process model for explaining the growth in transfer recipiency (the receipt by working age people of disability income), the choice of work status, and the reduction in labor force participation of older workers. It is hypothesized that the attractiveness of disability income transfer options has led older male…

CHILD LABOR STANDARDS AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE LAWS AS THEY RELATE TO RURAL YOUTH.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AMOS, WILLIAM E.

FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION ON CHILD LABOR STANDARDS AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE ARE DISCUSSED. OFTEN THESE LAWS DO NOT RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL NEEDS BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS. DATA ARE PRESENTED ON THE DEGREE OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND ON THE CAUSE OF YOUTH ENEMPLOYMENT. RURAL YOUTH, BOTH IN THEIR ORIGINAL HOMES AND IN THE CITIES TO…

29 CFR 793.8 - “News editor.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false âNews editor.â 793.8 Section 793.8 Labor Regulations... Exemption § 793.8 “News editor.” A news editor is an employee who gathers, edits and rewrites the news. He may also select and prepare news items for broadcast and present the news on the air. An employee who...

29 CFR 793.8 - “News editor.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false âNews editor.â 793.8 Section 793.8 Labor Regulations... Exemption § 793.8 “News editor.” A news editor is an employee who gathers, edits and rewrites the news. He may also select and prepare news items for broadcast and present the news on the air. An employee who...

29 CFR 793.8 - “News editor.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false âNews editor.â 793.8 Section 793.8 Labor Regulations... Exemption § 793.8 “News editor.” A news editor is an employee who gathers, edits and rewrites the news. He may also select and prepare news items for broadcast and present the news on the air. An employee who...

29 CFR 793.8 - “News editor.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âNews editor.â 793.8 Section 793.8 Labor Regulations... Exemption § 793.8 “News editor.” A news editor is an employee who gathers, edits and rewrites the news. He may also select and prepare news items for broadcast and present the news on the air. An employee who...

29 CFR 793.8 - “News editor.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false âNews editor.â 793.8 Section 793.8 Labor Regulations... Exemption § 793.8 “News editor.” A news editor is an employee who gathers, edits and rewrites the news. He may also select and prepare news items for broadcast and present the news on the air. An employee who...

29 CFR 15.4 - Administrative claim; where to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Administrative claim; where to file. 15.4 Section 15.4 Labor... to file. (a) For the purposes of this subpart, a claim shall be deemed to have been presented when... accompanied by a claim for money damages in a sum certain for injury to or loss of property or personal injury...

Investing in People: Education and the Work Force. Report on the National Meeting (Baltimore, Maryland, September 17-18, 1992).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Labor/Higher Education Council, Washington, DC.

This report presents the views expressed at the Labor/Higher Education Council's National Meeting, the theme of which was "Education and Work: Redefinitions and New Strategies." Section 1 includes two keynote speeches: "Priorities for Economic Investment in People, Technology, and Public Works" (Ira Magaziner) and "Organized Labor's Stake in the…

Relationship Between Advanced Maternal Age, Hiesho (Sensitivity to Cold) and Abnormal Delivery in Japan

PubMed Central

Nakamura, Sachiyo; Horiuchi, Shigeko

2013-01-01

Background: In Japan, the proportion of women aged 35 and older giving birth has greatly increased in recent years, and maternal age is continuing to increase. Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for abnormal delivery, as is hiesho (sensitivity to cold). Research Question: This study aimed to assess whether advanced maternal age and hiesho precipitate premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, weak labor pains, prolonged labor and atonic bleeding. Method: The study design was a descriptive comparative study with a retrospective cohort group design. Subjects in this study were 2,810 Japanese women in hospital after childbirth. The research methods employed were a paper questionnaire and extraction of data from medical records. Results: Comparing the rate of occurrence of abnormal delivery among women aged 35 to 39 according to whether or not they had hiesho, results were premature delivery OR: 3.51 (95% CI: 1.66-7.43), premature rupture of membranes OR: 1.25 (95% CI: 0.90-1.74), weak labor pains OR: 2.94 (95% CI: 1.65-5.24), prolonged labor OR: 2.56 (95% CI: 1.23-5.26), and atonic bleeding, OR: 1.65 (95% CI: 0.14-2.40) when hiesho was present. Among women aged 40 and over, results were premature delivery OR: 5.09 (95% CI: 1.16-22.20), premature rupture of membranes OR: 1.60 (95% CI: 0.73-3.46), weak labor pains OR: 7.02 (95% CI: 1.56-31.55), prolonged labor OR:7.19 (95% CI: 1.49-34.60) and atonic bleeding OR: 2.00 (95% CI: 0.64-6.23). Conclusions: Regardless of maternal age, the presence of hiesho is a risk factor that can precipitate premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, weak labor pains, prolonged labor and atonic bleeding. Furthermore, hiesho coupled with advanced maternal age increases the incidence of premature delivery, weak labor pains and prolonged labor. PMID:24062862

Magsonic™ Carbothermal Technology Compared with the Electrolytic and Pidgeon Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prentice, Leon H.; Haque, Nawshad

A broad technology comparison of carbothermal magnesium production with present technologies has not been previously presented. In this paper a comparative analysis of CSIRO's MagSonic™ process is made with the electrolytic and Pidgeon processes. The comparison covers energy intensity (GJ/tonne Mg), labor intensity (person-hours/tonne Mg), capital intensity (USD/tonne annual Mg installed capacity), and Global Warming Potential (GWP, tonnes CO2-equivalent/tonne Mg). Carbothermal technology is advantageous on all measures except capital intensity (where it is roughly twice the capital cost of a similarly-sized Pidgeon plant). Carbothermal and electrolytic production can have comparatively low environmental impacts, with typical emissions one-sixth those of the Pidgeon process. Despite recent progress, the Pidgeon process depends upon abundant energy and labor combined with few environmental constraints. Pressure is expected to increase on environmental constraints and labor and energy costs over the coming decade. Carbothermal reduction technology appears to be competitive for future production.

[Assessment, delivery and peripartum care in the case of a uterine rupture during labor of a woman with a previous C-section].

PubMed

Parrilla-Fernández, Alberto; Manrique-Tejedor, Javier; Figuerol-Calderó, M Inmaculada; García-Romero, Verónica

Uterine rupture is a rare but severe complication in obstetrics. A previous C-section is the most important risk factor. Its incidence during labor in women with a previous C-section is of approximately 0.3-0.47%, being potentially severe. We present the case of a pregnant women with a previous C-section who suffered uterine rupture during labor. The rapid assessment and action of the midwife and obstetric team was essential to obtain a successful obstetric outcome, avoiding maternal and fetal mortality; and nursing care given to the mother and the newborn after birth contributed to achieving a normal postpartum. It is necessary to have specific knowledge about this condition that, despite rare, can present insidiously with a potential risk for the mother and the fetus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The shape of uterine contractions and labor progress in the spontaneous active labor.

PubMed

Ebrahimzadeh Zagami, Samira; Golmakani, Nahid; Saadatjoo, Seyyed Ali-Reza; Ghomian, Nayyereh; Baghbani, Behjat

2015-03-01

Dystocia is the most common indication of primary cesarean section. The most common cause of dystocia is uterine dysfunction. In prolonged labor, more attention is usually paid to the fetus and pelvis rather than to the role of uterine contractions in a delivery. Therefore, we decided to determine the relationship between the labor progress and uterine contractions shapes. In this cross-sectional study, 200 primiparous women participated having a single pregnancy and cephalic presentation. Uterus contractions were recorded using electronic fetal monitoring at the beginning of the active phase of labor (dilatation 3-5 cm) for 30 min. Fall to rise (F:R) ratio was calculated by determining the duration of returning from a contraction peak to its baseline (fall) and the duration of the rise time from baseline to peak (rise) in two groups. The data were analyzed using t-test and Chi-square test. In this study, 162 women had a normal delivery and 38 women had a cesarean (CS) delivery due to the lack of labor progress. The average F:R ratio was 1.13±0.193 seconds in the vaginal delivery group and 1.64±0.301 seconds in the CS group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The frequency of contractions in the vaginal delivery group was more than the CS group (P=0.008). Our findings demonstrated that uterine contractions shapes change; and F:R ratio was higher in the group that lacked labor progress. Therefore, contraction shapes can be used to predict the labor progress.

Analysis on Causes of Employees' Damaged Rights in Perspective of Property Rights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Xiuzhi; Lin, Lijie

An employment contract is a contract of human capital property rights transaction between employees and employer. Due to its incompleteness, the employees' rights can not be fully defined in the employment contract. Therefore, some rights of employees lie in "Public Domain". Due to the rule of "Power Defining Property" in the prosperity dealing, employers with great power are able to grab at employees' rights in "Public Domain". In this paper, the theoretical foundation on the source of violations to employees' rights, the value of labor contract law and the role of labor union playing in the labor relationship are presented in perspective of property rights.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

The ECE application forecasts annual costs of preventive and corrective maintenance for budgeting purposes. Features within the application enable the user to change the specifications of the model to customize your forecast to best fit their needs and support “what if” analysis. Based on the user's selections, the ECE model forecasts annual maintenance costs. Preventive maintenance costs include the cost of labor to perform preventive maintenance activities at the specific frequency and labor rate. Corrective maintenance costs include the cost of labor and the cost of replacement parts. The application presents forecasted maintenance costs for the next five years inmore » two tables: costs by year and costs by site.« less

Epidural analgesia complicated by dural ectasia in the Marfan syndrome

PubMed Central

Gray, Chelsea; Hofkamp, Michael P.; Noonan, Patrick T.; McAllister, Russell K.; Pilkinton, Kimberly A.; Diao, Zhiying

2016-01-01

Patients with the Marfan syndrome are considered to be high risk during pregnancy and warrant a complete multidisciplinary evaluation. One goal is to minimize hemodynamic fluctuations during labor since hypertensive episodes may result in aortic dissection or rupture. Although they may prevent these complications, neuraxial techniques may be complicated by dural ectasia. The case of a parturient with the Marfan syndrome and mild dural ectasia is presented. During attempted labor epidural placement, unintentional dural puncture occurred. A spinal catheter was used for adequate labor analgesia, and a resultant postdural puncture headache was alleviated by an epidural blood patch under fluoroscopic guidance. PMID:27695168

Risk-based screening combined with a PCR-based test for group B streptococci diminishes the use of antibiotics in laboring women.

PubMed

Khalil, Mohammed R; Uldbjerg, Niels; Thorsen, Poul B; Henriksen, Birgitte; Møller, Jens K

2017-08-01

To assess the performance of a polymerase chain reaction - group B streptococci test (PCR-GBS test) - in deciding antibiotic prophylaxis in term laboring women. In this observational study, we enrolled 902 unselected Danish term pregnant women. During labor, midwives obtained vaginal swabs that were used for both GBS cultures (reference standard) and for the PCR-GBS test. Furthermore, we recorded the presence of risk factors for EOGBS (Early Onset Group B Streptococcal disease): (1) Bacteriuria during current pregnancy, (2) Prior infant with EOGBS (3) Temperature above 38.0°C during labor, and (4) Rupture of membranes ≥18h. The prevalence of GBS carriers was 12% (104 of 902), the sensitivity of the PCR-GBS test 83% (86 of 104), and the specificity 97% (774 of 798). Among the 108 with one or more EOGBS-risk factors, GBS was present in 23% (25 of 108), the sensitivity 92% (23 of 25), and the specificity 89% (74 of 83). In programs that aim to treat all laboring women with vaginal GBS-colonization (12% in the present study) with penicillin, the PCR-GBS will perform well (sensitivity 83% and specificity 97%). In programs aiming to treat only GBS-carriers among those with risk factors of EOGBS, a reduction of penicillin usage by two-thirds from 12% to 4% may be possible. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Delivery presentations

MedlinePlus

... Labor - delivery presentation; Occiput posterior; Occiput anterior; Brow presentation References Lanni SM, Gherman R, Gonik B. Malpresentations. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies . 7th ed. Philadelphia, ...

Lesbian women and household labor division: A systematic review of scholarly research from 2000 to 2015.

PubMed

Brewster, Melanie E

2017-01-02

Recent studies have begun to attend to distribution of household labor within same-gender couples compared to heterosexual couples, yet much of the available research with lesbian couples has attempted to superimpose division of household labor frameworks developed with heterosexual couples (e.g., gender role socialization, exchange bargaining theories) to fit the experiences of same-gender couples. Using two academic search databases, the present article provides a systematic review of the available 28 peer-reviewed articles published from 2000-2015 about lesbian partnerships and household labor divisions. Results indicate that lesbian couples engage in a more equal distribution of household labor than heterosexual couples, and that lesbian women often opt to eschew traditional gendered divisions of chores in favor of other factors such as quality of task or ability. The systematic review uncovered notable constraints in the demography of participants (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, geographic location) across studies. Strategies for deepening the depth and breadth of this line of work for future researchers, and implications for relationship satisfaction are also discussed.

Parturition dysfunction in obesity: time to target the pathobiology.

PubMed

Carlson, Nicole S; Hernandez, Teri L; Hurt, K Joseph

2015-12-18

Over a third of women of childbearing age in the United States are obese, and during pregnancy they are at increased risk for delayed labor onset and slow labor progress that often results in unplanned cesarean delivery. The biology behind this dysfunctional parturition is not well understood. Studies of obesity-induced changes in parturition physiology may facilitate approaches to optimize labor in obese women. In this review, we summarize known and proposed biologic effects of obesity on labor preparation, contraction/synchronization, and endurance, drawing on both clinical observation and experimental data. We present evidence from human and animal studies of interactions between obesity and parturition signaling in all elements of the birth process, including: delayed cervical ripening, prostaglandin insensitivity, amniotic membrane strengthening, decreased myometrial oxytocin receptor expression, decreased myocyte action potential initiation and contractility, decreased myocyte gap junction formation, and impaired myocyte neutralization of reactive oxygen species. We found convincing clinical data on the effect of obesity on labor initiation and successful delivery, but few studies on the underlying pathobiology. We suggest research opportunities and therapeutic interventions based on plausible biologic mechanisms.

“As Good As It Gets”1: Undocumented Latino Day Laborers Negotiating Discrimination in San Francisco and Berkeley, California, USA

PubMed Central

Quesada, James; Arreola, Sonya; Kral, Alex; Khoury, Sahar; Organista, Kurt C.; Worby, Paula

2014-01-01

Undocumented Latino day laborers in the United States are vulnerable to being arrested and expelled at any time. This social fact shapes their everyday lives in terms of actions taken and strategies deployed to mitigate being confronted, profiled, and possibly incarcerated and deported. While perceptions of threat and bouts of discrimination are routine among undocumented Latino day laborers, their specific nature vary according to multiple social factors and structural forces that differ significantly from locale to locale. The experience of discrimination is often tacitly negotiated through perceptions, decisions, and actions toward avoiding or moderating its ill effects. This essay examines urban undocumented Latino day laborers over a variety of sites in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, which, compared to many metropolitan areas in the U.S. is “as good as it gets” in terms of being socially tolerated and relatively safe from persecution. Nonetheless, tacit negotiations are necessary to withstand or overcome challenges presented by idiosyncratic and ever changing global, national/state, and local dynamics of discrimination. [undocumented Latino laborers, social exclusion, discrimination, tacit negotiation] PMID:24910501

Is measurement of cervical length an accurate predictive tool in women with a history of preterm delivery who present with threatened preterm labor?

PubMed

Melamed, N; Hiersch, L; Meizner, I; Bardin, R; Wiznitzer, A; Yogev, Y

2014-12-01

To determine whether sonographically measured cervical length is an effective predictive tool in women with threatened preterm labor and a history of past spontaneous preterm delivery. This was a retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies who presented with preterm labor at less than 34 + 0 weeks' gestation and underwent sonographic measurement of cervical length in a tertiary medical center between 2007 and 2012. The accuracy of cervical length in predicting preterm delivery was compared between women with and those without a history of spontaneous preterm delivery. Women with risk factors for preterm delivery other than a history of preterm delivery were excluded from both groups. Overall, 1023 women who presented with preterm labor met the study criteria, of whom 136 (13.3%) had a history of preterm delivery (past-PTD group) and 887 (86.7%) had no risk factors for preterm delivery (low-risk group). The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher for women with a history of preterm delivery (36.8% vs 22.5%; P < 0.001). Cervical length was significantly correlated with the examination-to-delivery interval in low-risk women (r = 0.32, P < 0.001) but not in women who had had a previous preterm delivery (r = 0.07, P = 0.4). On multivariable analysis, cervical length was independently associated with the risk of preterm delivery for women in the low-risk group but not for women with a history of previous preterm delivery. For women with previous preterm delivery who presented with threatened preterm labor, cervical length failed to distinguish between those who did and those who did not deliver prematurely (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve range, 0.475-0.506). When using standardized thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of cervical length for the prediction of preterm delivery were significantly lower in women with previous preterm delivery than in women with no risk factors for preterm delivery. Cervical length appears to be of limited value in the prediction of preterm delivery among women with threatened preterm labor who are at high risk for preterm delivery owing to a history of spontaneous preterm delivery in a previous pregnancy. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Randomized comparison of oral misoprostol and oxytocin for labor induction in term prelabor membrane rupture.

PubMed

Butt, K D; Bennett, K A; Crane, J M; Hutchens, D; Young, D C

1999-12-01

To compare labor induction intervals between oral misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin in women who present at term with premature rupture of membranes. One hundred eight women were randomly assigned to misoprostol 50 microg orally every 4 hours as needed or intravenous oxytocin. The primary outcome measure was time from induction to vaginal delivery. Sample size was calculated using a two-tailed alpha of 0.05 and power of 80%. Baseline demographic data, including maternal age, gestation, parity, Bishop score, birth weight, and group B streptococcal status, were similar. The mean time +/-standard deviation to vaginal birth with oral misoprostol was 720+/-382 minutes compared with 501+/-389 minutes with oxytocin (P = .007). The durations of the first, second, and third stages of labor were similar. There were no differences in maternal secondary outcomes, including cesarean birth (eight and seven, respectively), infection, maternal satisfaction with labor, epidural use, perineal trauma, manual placental removal, or gastrointestinal side effects. Neonatal outcomes including cord pH, Apgar scores, infection, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit were not different. Although labor induction with oral misoprostol was effective, oxytocin resulted in a shorter induction-to-delivery interval. Active labor intervals and other maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar.

The effect of uterine fundal pressure on the duration of the second stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Api, Olus; Balcin, Muge Emeksiz; Ugurel, Vedat; Api, Murat; Turan, Cem; Unal, Orhan

2009-01-01

To determine the effect of uterine fundal pressure on shortening the second stage of labor and on the fetal outcome. Randomized controlled trial. Teaching and research hospital. One hundred ninety-seven women between 37 and 42 gestational weeks with singleton cephalic presentation admitted to the delivery unit. Random allocation into groups with or without manual fundal pressure during the second stage of labor. The primary outcome measure was the duration of the second stage of labor. Secondary outcome measures were umbilical artery pH, HCO3-, base excess, pO2, pCO2 values and the rate of instrumental delivery, severe maternal morbidity/mortality, neonatal trauma, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and neonatal death. There were no significant differences in the mean duration of the second stage of labor and secondary outcome measures except for mean pO2 which was lower and mean pCO2 which was higher in the fundal pressure group. Nevertheless, the values still remained within normal ranges and there were no neonates with an Apgar score <7 in either of the groups. Application of fundal pressure on a delivering woman was ineffective in shortening the second stage of labor.

Unemployment, labor force composition and sickness absence: a panel data study.

PubMed

Askildsen, Jan Erik; Bratberg, Espen; Nilsen, Oivind Anti

2005-11-01

Sickness absence tends to be negatively correlated with unemployment rates. In addition to pure health effects, this may be due to moral hazard behavior by workers who are fully insured against income loss during sickness and to physicians who meet demand for medical certificates. Alternatively, it may reflect changes in the composition of the labor force, with more sickness-prone workers entering the labor force in upturns. A panel of Norwegian register data is used to analyze long-term sickness absences. The unemployment rate is shown to be negatively associated with the probability of absence, and with the number of days of sick leave. Restricting the sample to workers who are present in the whole sample period, the negative relationship between absence and unemployment becomes clearer. This indicates that procyclical variations in sickness absence are caused by established workers and not by the composition of the labor force.

Fetal gender effects on induction of labor in postdate pregnancies.

PubMed

Torricelli, Michela; Voltolini, Chiara; Vellucci, Francesca L; Conti, Nathalie; Bocchi, Caterina; Severi, Filiberto M; Challis, John R; Smith, Roger; Petraglia, Felice

2013-06-01

To determine delivery outcome in women undergoing induction of labor for postdate pregnancy in relation to fetal gender. A total of 365 nulliparous and 127 multiparous women carrying singleton postdate pregnancies with unfavorable cervix were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and delivery outcome were analyzed in relation to fetal gender. Women carrying male fetuses showed higher rate of caesarean section than those carrying females, in both nulliparous and multiparous women. Moreover, women carrying male fetuses presented more frequently with (i) interval between induction of labor and delivery >24 hours (P < .0002); (ii) augmentation of labor after cervical ripening (P < .0391); (iii) meconium-stained liquor (P< .0126); and (iv) higher neonatal weight (P < .0011) than those carrying females. Male fetuses are more likely to be associated with higher rates of cesarean section. In maternal fetal medicine, gender differences may add prognostic information on the delivery outcome in women induced for postdate pregnancy.

Childbirth Educators, Doulas, Nurses, and Women Respond to the Six Care Practices for Normal Birth

PubMed Central

Curl, Marilyn; Davies, Rae; Lothian, Sheila; Pascali-Bonaro, Debra; Scaer, Roberta M.; Walsh, Allison

2004-01-01

This collection of commentaries by childbirth educators, doulas, a labor and delivery nurse, and a woman preparing for the birth of her second baby provide an overall response to all six of Lamaze International's care practice papers that promote normal birth: Labor Begins on Its Own; Freedom of Movement throughout Labor; Continuous Labor Support; No Routine Interventions; Non-Supine (e.g., Upright or Side-Lying) Positions for Birth; and No Separation of Mother and Baby with Unlimited Opportunity for Breastfeeding. Strategies for using the position papers to facilitate learning in childbirth classes and for helping expectant parents access and understand research are presented. The commentaries describe the value of the position papers as a catalyst for professional growth, a foundation for creating change, a way to encourage reflection among professionals and women planning for the births of their babies, and an inspiration for everyone who advocates normal birth. PMID:17273388

The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: a comprehensive methodological review.

PubMed

Landolt, Alison S; Milling, Leonard S

2011-08-01

This paper presents a comprehensive methodological review of research on the efficacy of hypnosis for reducing labor and delivery pain. To be included, studies were required to use a between-subjects or mixed model design in which hypnosis was compared with a control condition or alternative intervention in reducing labor pain. An exhaustive search of the PsycINFO and PubMed databases produced 13 studies satisfying these criteria. Hetero-hypnosis and self-hypnosis were consistently shown to be more effective than standard medical care, supportive counseling, and childbirth education classes in reducing pain. Other benefits included better infant Apgar scores and shorter Stage 1 labor. Common methodological limitations of the literature include a failure to use random assignment, to specify the demographic characteristics of samples, and to use a treatment manual. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rising rates of labor induction: present concerns and future strategies.

PubMed

Rayburn, William F; Zhang, Jun

2002-07-01

The rate of labor induction nationwide increased gradually from 9.5% to 19.4% between 1990 and 1998. Reasons for this doubling of inductions relate to widespread availability of cervical ripening agents, pressure from patients, conveniences to physicians, and litigious constraints. The increase in medically indicated inductions was slower than the overall increase, suggesting that induction for marginal or elective reasons has risen more rapidly. Data to support or refute the benefits of marginal or elective inductions are limited. Many trials of inductions for marginal indications are either nonexistent or retrospective with small sample sizes, thereby limiting definitive conclusions. Until prospective clinical trials can better validate reasons for the liberal use of labor induction, it would seem prudent to maintain a cautious approach, especially among nulliparous women. Strategies are proposed for developing evidence-based guidelines to reduce the presumed increase in health care costs, risk of cesarean delivery for nulliparas, and overscheduling in labor and delivery.

A Broader Look at the U.S. Employment Situation and the Importance of a Good Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenstone, Michael; Looney, Adam

2011-01-01

The January employment numbers, released today by the U.S. Department of Labor, present mixed evidence about the state of the labor market. While the unemployment rate dropped to 9 percent, payrolls were just better than flat, increasing by only 36,000 jobs last month. Much attention is given to the official unemployment rate, which is certainly…

What about the Non-Completers? The Labor Market Returns to Progress in Community College. A CAPSEE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeidenberg, Matthew; Scott, Marc; Belfield, Clive

2015-01-01

Of the copious research on the labor market returns to college, very little has adequately modeled the pathways of non-completers or compared their outcomes with those of award holders. In this paper, we present a novel method for linking non-completers with completers according to their program of study. This method allows us to calculate the…

Pathways to the Future: A Longitudinal Study of Young Americans. Preliminary Report: Youth and the Labor Market--1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borus, Michael E.; And Others

This monograph presents preliminary cross-tabulation analyses of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Labor Market Experience of 12,693 youth of ages 14-21 who will be interviewed annually for at least five years. (Hispanic; non-Hispanic black; and non-Hispanic, non-black, poor youth were oversampled.) Each of the twenty-four topics…

What about the Non-Completers? The Labor Market Returns to Progress in Community College. CAPSEE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeidenberg, Matthew; Scott, Marc; Belfield, Clive

2015-01-01

Of the copious research on the labor market returns to college, very little has adequately modeled the pathways of non-completers or compared their outcomes with those of award holders. In this paper, we present a novel method for linking non-completers with completers according to their program of study. This method allows us to calculate the…

Mining Careers. Instructor's Manual and Student's Basic Course of Study. Recommended Courses for Entry Level Miner, General Inside Laborer, Timber Framer, Face Worker.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Admiral Peary Area Vocational-Technical School, Ebensburg, PA.

Guides for organizing and individualizing three courses of study for job training in the mining careers of entry level miner, general inside laborer/timber framer, and faceman are presented in this manual. Introductory information includes (1) suggestions for utilizing, modifying, or customizing materials (task sheets) in the manual to suit…

A Humbug Approach to Economics. Division of Labor-Specialization. Teacher's Guide [and] Student Package, Capsules No. 1, 2, and 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humburg, Judy

Intended for above average students in grades 4-6, this unit contains student materials and teacher's guide for three sequential lessons on the economic concepts of specialization and division of labor. The units are presented in story form accompanied by cartoon illustrations. In section one students distinguish between goods and services and…

Labor Market Earnings of American Artists in 1980. A Report to the National Endowment for the Arts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filer, Randall K.

While some studies of the earnings of artists have typically claimed that artists earn significantly less than other workers, others suggest that there is no basis for concluding that artists earn any less on average than they would in other jobs. This study presents information regarding the earning and labor market success of artists in the…

Women: work and health.

PubMed

Wagener, D K; Walstedt, J; Jenkins, L; Burnett, C; Lalich, N; Fingerhut, M

1997-12-01

This report describes the sociodemographics, household characteristics, and health of women according to workforce status and job conditions. The report also presents data on men for comparison. This report combines data from numerous data systems, including: The National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities Surveillance System, and the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, which are conducted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Annual Survey of Occupational injuries and illnesses conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor; and the Current Population Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The report also presents selected tables from publications of the Women's Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The report presents summary data on physical conditions and exposures, health conditions attributed to work, other health conditions that impact on work, health promotion in the workplace, and health-related benefits provided by employers. Most estimates are shown according to sex, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and major occupational group.

Role of Prophylactic Oxytocin in the Third Stage of Labor: Physiologic Versus Pharmacologically Influenced Labor and Birth.

PubMed

Erickson, Elise N; Lee, Christopher S; Emeis, Cathy L

2017-07-01

Maternity care providers administer oxytocin prophylactically to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Prophylactic oxytocin is generally considered effective and safe and is promoted by national organizations for standardized use. In this article, the evidence supporting prophylactic oxytocin administration for women undergoing spontaneous labor and birth compared with women whose labors included administration of exogenous oxytocin for induction or augmentation is explored. Using data from randomized controlled trials included in 2 recent Cochrane meta-analyses papers, only studies with women in spontaneous labor were selected for inclusion (N = 4 studies). Outcomes of immediate postpartum bleeding volumes (≥ 500 mL or 1000 mL), risk for blood transfusion, and risk for administration of more uterotonic medication were pooled from these 4 studies. Focused random effects meta-analytics were used. Compared to women without prophylactic oxytocin, women who received prophylactic oxytocin had a lower risk of having a 500 mL or higher blood loss. However, prophylactic oxytocin did not lower risk of PPH (≥ 1000 mL), blood transfusion, or need for additional uterotonic treatment. Prophylactic oxytocin may not confer the same benefits to women undergoing spontaneous labor and birth compared to women laboring with oxytocin infusion. Reasons for this difference are explored from a pharmacologic perspective. In addition, the value of prophylactic oxytocin given recent changes in the definition of PPH from greater than or equal to 500 mL to 1000 mL or more after birth is discussed. Finally, gaps in research on adverse effects of prophylactic oxytocin are presented. More research is needed on reducing risk of PPH for women in spontaneous labor. © 2017 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Duration of second stage of labor and instrumental delivery as risk factors for severe perineal lacerations: population-based study.

PubMed

Simic, Marija; Cnattingius, Sven; Petersson, Gunnar; Sandström, Anna; Stephansson, Olof

2017-02-21

We sought to investigate the impact of the duration of second stage of labor on risk of severe perineal lacerations (third and fourth degree). This population based cohort study was conducted in the Stockholm/Gotland region, Sweden, 2008-2014. Study population included 52 211 primiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery with cephalic presentation at term. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), using 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main exposure was duration of second stage of labor, and main outcome was risks of severe perineal lacerations (third and fourth degree). Risk of severe perineal lacerations increased with duration of second stage of labor. Compared with a second stage of labor of 1 h or less, women with a second stage of more than 2 h had an increased risk (aOR 1.42; 95% CI 1.28-1.58). Compared with non-instrumental vaginal deliveries, the risk was elevated among instrumental vaginal deliveries (aOR 2.24; 95% CI 2.07-2.42). The risk of perineal laceration increased with duration of second stage of labor until less than 3 h in both instrumental and non-instrumental vaginal deliveries, but after 3 h, the ORs did not further increase. After adjustments for potential confounders, macrosomia (birth weight > 4 500 g) and occiput posterior fetal position were risk factors of severe perineal lacerations. The risk of severe perineal laceration increases with duration until the third hour of second stage of labor. Instrumental delivery is the most significant risk factor for severe lacerations, followed by duration of second stage of labor, fetal size and occiput posterior fetal position.

Uterine electromyography during active phase compared with latent phase of labor at term.

PubMed

Trojner Bregar, Andreja; Lucovnik, Miha; Verdenik, Ivan; Jager, Franc; Gersak, Ksenija; Garfield, Robert E

2016-02-01

In a prospective study in a tertiary university hospital we wanted to determine whether uterine electromyography (EMG) can differentiate between the active and latent phase of labor. Thirty women presenting at ≥37(0/7) weeks of gestation with regular uterine contractions, intact membranes, and a Bishop score <6. EMG was recorded from the abdominal surface for 30 min. Latent phase was defined as no cervical change within at least 4 h. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05 significant). Diagnostic accuracy of EMG was determined by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. The integral of the amplitudes of the power density spectrum (PDS) corresponding to the PDS energy within the "bursts" of uterine EMG activity was compared between the active and latent labor groups. Seventeen (57%) women were found to be in the active phase of labor and 13 (43%) were in the latent phase. The EMG PDS integral was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in the active (mean 3.40 ± 0.82 μV) compared with the latent (mean 1.17 ± 0.33 μV) phase of labor. The PDS integral had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.80 to distinguish between active and latent phases of labor, compared with number of contractions on tocodynamometry (AUC = 0.79), and Bishop score (AUC = 0.78). The combination (sum) of PDS integral, tocodynamometry, and Bishop score predicted active phase of labor with an AUC of 0.90. Adding uterine EMG measurements to the methods currently used in the clinics could improve the accuracy of diagnosing active labor. © 2015 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Good practices according to WHO's recommendation for normal labor and birth and women's assessment of the care received: the "birth in Brazil" national research study, 2011/2012.

PubMed

Baldisserotto, Marcia Leonardi; Theme Filha, Mariza Miranda; da Gama, Silvana Granado Nogueira

2016-10-17

The World Health Organization recommends good practices for the conduct of uncomplicated labor and birth, with the aim of improving the quality of and assessment by women of childbirth care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adoption of good practices according to WHO's recommendation for normal labor and birth and assessment by women of the care received. Birth in Brazil is a national hospital-based study with countrywide representation consisting of 23,894 mothers and their newborns, conducted between February 2011 and October 2012. The present study analysed a subsample of this national survey. Postpartum women classified as low risk during pregnancy who had experienced either spontaneous or induced labor were included in this study, totalling 4102 mothers. To estimate the association between assessment by women of the childbirth care received (dependent variable) and good practices according to WHO's recommendation during normal labor and birth (independent variables), a multinomial logistic regression analysis was used and crude and adjusted odds ratios calculated with their 95 % confidence intervals. The good practices associated with positive assessment of the care received by women during labor and birth included the partner's presence, privacy in the birthing place, time available to ask questions, clarity of information received, and empathic support from caregivers during labor and birth. Freedom of movement, free nutrition offered, choice of companions, nonpharmacological analgesia, skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the childbirth room were not associated with the assessment by women of the care received. Our findings reveal the importance to mothers of their relationship with the team of caregivers during labor and birth. Therefore, caregiver teams must be qualified within a more humanistic vision of childbirth health care.

Psychiatric disorders and the labor market: an analysis by disorder profiles.

PubMed

Cowell, Alexander J; Luo, Zhehui; Masuda, Yuta J

2009-03-01

A key societal cost of mental illness is its impact on the labor market. In examining the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the labor market, the literature to date either examines psychiatric disorders in broad classes or focuses on the impact of specific conditions. The aim is to examine the relationships among meaningful profiles of concurrent past year disorders and labor market outcomes by gender. Data are from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions for 2001/2002 (NESARC), a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population aged 18 or older residing in the United States. The analysis sample contains 18,429 women and 16,426 men (unweighted). We examined the relationship between profiles of psychiatric disorders and three labor market outcomes: labor force participation; employment, conditional on labor force participation; and working full-time conditional on being employed. Because no attempt was made to control for potential endogeneity between the labor market outcomes and the psychiatric profiles, we are unable to establish the causal direction of the associations estimated. First, anxiety disorders among women appear to be associated with labor market outcomes (e.g., anxiety profile in employment outcome: OR=0.76, p<.05). Second, for employment among women large effects were seen for mood disorder and mood and anxiety; in contrast for men, these disorder profiles had significant associations with working full-time rather than employment. Third, for women, of the three labor market outcomes, employment status is particularly sensitive to the profiles of disorders. For men, no such pattern was found for any single labor market outcome. Concurrent psychiatric disorder profiles affect men and women differently in the labor market. The greatest differences are in (i) the relationship between labor market outcomes and profiles exhibiting anxiety disorders, and (ii) which labor market outcomes are influenced. The main methodological limitation is that the approach does not attempt to assert a direction of causation between mental health conditions and the labor market outcomes. Unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity are both possible and likely to some degree. Other limitations pertain to the data, which are cross-sectional and exclude some relatively rare disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). The results may have significant implications for access to appropriate treatment, which may vary greatly by psychiatric disorder profile and by gender. In the United States, private third-party coverage for treatment is obtained either directly through working full-time at a medium to large firm or through a spouse being employed. The findings thus suggest that mental health policy may need to account for labor market policy. Additional research is needed to disentangle the findings presented. For example, it is important to separate the influence of substance use disorders from mood disorder and uncover the pathways by which the different conditions in substance use disorders may influence the job market.

Reduction of total labor length through the addition of parenteral dextrose solution in induction of labor in nulliparous: results of DEXTRONS prospective randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Paré, Josianne; Pasquier, Jean-Charles; Lewin, Antoine; Fraser, William; Bureau, Yves-André

2017-05-01

Prolonged labor is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and very few interventions are known to shorten labor course. Skeletal muscle physiology suggests that glucose supplementation might improve muscle performance in case of prolonged exercise and this situation is analogous to the gravid uterus during delivery. Therefore, it seemed imperative to evaluate the impact of adding carbohydrate supplements on the course of labor. We sought to provide evidence as to whether intravenous glucose supplementation during labor induction in nulliparous women can reduce total duration of active labor. We performed a single-center prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the use of parental intravenous dextrose 5% with normal saline to normal saline in induced nulliparous women. The study was conducted in a tertiary-level university hospital setting. Participants, caregivers, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy at term with cephalic presentation and favorable cervix. Based on blocked randomization, patients were assigned to receive either 250 mL/h of intravenous dextrose 5% with normal saline or 250 mL/h of normal saline for the whole duration of induction, labor, and delivery. The primary outcome studied was the total length of active labor. Secondary outcomes included duration of the active phase of second stage of labor, the mode of delivery, Apgar scores, and arterial cord pH. In all, 100 patients were randomized into each group. A total of 193 patients (96 in the dextrose with normal saline group and 97 in the normal saline group) were analyzed in the study. The median total duration of labor was significantly less in the dextrose with normal saline group (499 vs 423 minutes, P = .024) than in the normal saline group. The probabilities of a woman being delivered at 200 minutes and 450 minutes were 18.8% and 77.1% in the dextrose with normal saline group vs 8.2% and 59.8% in the normal saline group (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test P value = .027). There was no difference in the rate of cesarean delivery, instrumented delivery, Apgar score, or arterial cord pH. Glucose supplementation significantly reduces the total length of labor without increasing the rate of complication in induced nulliparous women. Given the low cost and the safety of this intervention, glucose should be used as the default solute during labor. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Irregular employment amongst migrants in Spanish cities.

PubMed

Sole, C; Ribas, N; Bergalli, V; Parella, S

1998-04-01

This article presents the irregular employment situation of non-European union immigrants in Spanish cities. Foreign labor is remarkable for its heterogeneity in terms of country of origin, demographic characteristics, and the different ways in which immigrants have entered the job market. Legal immigrants tend to concentrate in five different branches of activity, such as domestic service (mostly women), hotel and restaurant industry, agriculture, building and retail trade. Migrants who work in agriculture suffer the worst labor conditions than all other migrants. However, all migrants experience difficulty in obtaining residency and labor permits. Four integration strategies among Moroccan immigrants in Catalonia are discussed and can be viewed as support networks of the immigrants.

Patriarchy, Power, and Pay: The Transformation of American Families, 1800-2015.

PubMed

Ruggles, Steven

2015-12-01

This article proposes explanations for the transformation of American families over the past two centuries. I describe the impact on families of the rise of male wage labor beginning in the nineteenth century and the rise of female wage labor in the twentieth century. I then examine the effects of decline in wage labor opportunities for young men and women during the past four decades. I present new estimates of a precipitous decline in the relative income of young men and assess its implications for the decline for marriage. Finally, I discuss explanations for the deterioration of economic opportunity and speculate on the impact of technological change on the future of work and families.

Library and Information Services for Literacy, Productivity and Democracy. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, and the Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. One Hundred Second Congress, First Session. Oversight Hearing at the White House Conference on Library and Information Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

The oversight hearing at the second White House Conference on Library and Information Services (WHCLIS2) focuses on the role of the library in three major areas addressed by conference presenters: a literate work force; the productivity to compete in the international marketplace in the 21st century; and a populace fully equipped to participate in…

Midland's Economy: Past, Present and Future; The Midland/Odessa Economy: Foundation and Future; and Report on Labor Demand in the Permian Basin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, James L.; McCarty, Nolan M.

As part of an effort to identify ways in which Midland College (Texas) and local businesses can respond to the economic needs of the community, these three papers by the Midland's Business and Economic Development Center offer various perspectives on the economic climate and labor market of the Permian Basis. The first report, "Midland's…

Strategy Space Exploration of a Multi-Agent Model for the Labor Market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Grande, Pablo; Eguia, Manuel

We present a multi-agent system where typical labor market mechanisms emerge. Based on a few simple rules, our model allows for different interpretative paradigms to be represented and for different scenarios to be tried out. We thoroughly explore the space of possible strategies both for those unemployed and for companies and analyze the trade-off between these strategies regarding global social and economical indicators.

Impact of Unemployment on Children and Families. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor Standards of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This document presents testimony and prepared statements from the Congressional hearing on families and unemployment. The hearing begins with statements given by Judson Stone, Elkgrove, Illinois Mental Health Center; David Mills, Department of Health and Social Services of Madison, Wisconsin; Judge Charles B. Schodson, Children's Court of…

Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: Opportunities to Improve Student Success. Testimony of Lashawn Richburg-Hayes, MDRC [before the] U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richburg-Hayes, Lashawn

2015-01-01

This document presents the testimony of MDRC's Lashawn Richburg-Hayes before the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee regarding evidence-based ways to improve the academic success of low-income college students. Richburg-Hayes makes four primary points based on existing research: (1) Comprehensive and integrated programs…

Seclusions and Restraints: Selected Cases of Death and Abuse at Public and Private Schools and Treatment Centers. Testimony Before the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. GAO-09-719T

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kutz, Gregory D.

2009-01-01

The Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently testified before the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, regarding allegations of death and abuse at residential programs for troubled teens. The document presents the statement of Gregory D. Kutz, Managing Director, Forensic Audits and Special Investigations. Recent…

Comparison between a disposable and an electronic PCA device for labor epidural analgesia.

PubMed

Sumikura, Hiroyuki; van de Velde, Marc; Tateda, Takeshi

2004-01-01

The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate if a disposable patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device can be used for labor analgesia and (2) to evaluate the device by midwives and parturients. Forty healthy parturients were divided into two groups and received combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor pain relief. Following intrathecal administration of 3 mg ropivacaine and 1.5 microg sufentanil, either a disposable PCA device (Coopdech Syrinjector; Daiken Medical, Osaka, Japan) or an electronic PCA device (IVAC PCAM PCA Syringe Pump; Alaris, Basingstoke, UK) was connected to the epidural catheter, and 0.15% ropivacaine with sufentanil 0.75 microg/ml was used for continuous infusion and PCA. For an electronic PCA device, continuous infusion rate, bolus dose, lockout time, and hourly limit were set at 4 ml/h, 3 ml, 15 min, and 16 ml, respectively. For a disposable PCA device, continuous infusion rate, bolus dose, and an hourly limit were set at 4 ml/h, 3 ml, and 16 ml, respectively, but lockout function was not available. No differences were observed between the groups concerning demographic data, obstetric data, and outcome of labor. Anesthetic requirements (disposable, 9.7 +/- 4.7 ml/h; electronic, 8.2 +/- 4.0 ml/h) and VAS score during the delivery (disposable, 26 +/- 25; electronic, 21 +/- 22) were similar between the groups. Midwives praised the disposable PCA device as well as the electronic one. The present results imply that the disposable PCA device can be an alternative to the electronic PCA device for labor analgesia.

STEM employment in the new economy: A labor market segmentation approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torres-Olave, Blanca M.

The present study examined the extent to which the U.S. STEM labor market is stratified in terms of quality of employment. Through a series of cluster analyses and Chi-square tests on data drawn from the 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP), the study found evidence of segmentation in the highly-skilled STEM and non-STEM samples, which included workers with a subbaccalaureate diploma or above. The cluster analyses show a pattern consistent with Labor Market Segmentation theory: Higher wages are associated with other primary employment characteristics, including health insurance and pension benefits, as well as full-time employment. In turn, lower wages showed a tendency to cluster with secondary employment characteristics, such as part-time employment, multiple employment, and restricted access to health insurance and pension benefits. The findings also suggest that women have a higher likelihood of being employed in STEM jobs with secondary characteristics. The findings reveal a far more variegated employment landscape than is usually presented in national reports of the STEM workforce. There is evidence that, while STEM employment may be more resilient than non-STEM employment to labor restructuring trends in the new economy, the former is far from immune to secondary labor characteristics. There is a need for ongoing dialogue between STEM education (at all levels), employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to truly understand not only the barriers to equity in employment relations, but also the mechanisms that create and maintain segmentation and how they may impact women, underrepresented minorities, and the foreign-born.

Contemporary Obstetric Triage.

PubMed

Sandy, Edward Allen; Kaminski, Robert; Simhan, Hygriv; Beigi, Richard

2016-03-01

The role of obstetric triage in the care of pregnant women has expanded significantly. Factors driving this change include the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, improved methods of testing for fetal well-being, increasing litigation risk, and changes in resident duty hour guidelines. The contemporary obstetric triage facility must have processes in place to provide a medical screening examination that complies with regulatory statues while considering both the facility's maternal level of care and available resources. This review examines the history of the development of obstetric triage, current considerations in a contemporary obstetric triage paradigm, and future areas for consideration. An example of a contemporary obstetric triage program at an academic medical center is presented. A successful contemporary obstetric triage paradigm is one that addresses the questions of "sick or not sick" and "labor or no labor," for every obstetric patient that presents for care. Failure to do so risks poor patient outcome, poor patient satisfaction, adverse litigation outcome, regulatory scrutiny, and exclusion from federal payment programs. Understanding the role of contemporary obstetric triage in the current health care environment is important for both providers and health care leadership. This study is for obstetricians and gynecologists as well as family physicians. After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to understand the scope of a medical screening examination within the context of contemporary obstetric triage; understand how a facility's level of maternal care influences clinical decision making in a contemporary obstetric triage setting; and understand the considerations necessary for the systematic evaluation of the 2 basic contemporary obstetric questions, "sick or not sick?" and "labor or no labor?"

[Pregnancy and labor associated with encephalopathy in neonates during the early neonatal period].

PubMed

Skrablin, S; Drazancić, A; Letica, N; Tadić, V

1992-01-01

Pregnancy complications, drugs and surgical interventions during pregnancy, fetal growth, medications and interventions during labor, labor complications as well as fetal heart activity during labor in a group of 114 term infants without malformations, but with signs of central nervous system (CNS) damage throughout early neonatal period are compared with paired group of term healthy infants born in the same presentation and mode of delivery. Among prelabor factors only maternal hypertension (found in 16.7% of encephalopathy children versus 0.8% in a control group) was significantly correlated with CNS damage. Fetal growth retardation and long term ritodrine administration were found more frequent in encephalopathy than in healthy group of infants, although statistical significance between the groups could not be demonstrated. A prolonged second stage of labor, high oxytocin dosage, too frequent uterine contractions and vacuum extractions were found significantly correlated with neonatal encephalopathy. CTG pattern during labor was normal in only 28.9% of children, with encepalopathy prepathologic in 46.4% and pathologic in 24.7%. The respective percentages for healthy newborns were: 82.5%, 16.25% and 1.2%. All differences between the groups were statistically significant. Mean duration of prepathologic CTG score in the group of infants with encephalopathy (78.8 minutes) as well as of pathologic score (51.7 minutes) was significantly longer than in healthy infants (23.7 minutes prepathologic and 7 minutes pathologic).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Vaginal birth after cesarean section: an update on physician trends and patient perceptions.

PubMed

Penso, C

1994-10-01

The increased number of women having a vaginal birth after a cesarean section can be attributed to changing physician trends. Women eligible for vaginal birth after cesarean section include those with previous low vertical incisions, multiple previous incisions and even unknown scars, regardless of the method of closure or previous indication. Limited data suggest that in carefully selected women a current twin gestation, breech presentation, or the presence of fetal macrosomia are not contraindications for a trial of labor, in the presence of a uterine scar. Changing trends in the management of labor may also contribute to an increase in successful trial of labor with the use of oxytocin for the induction or augmentation of labor, the administration of epidural anesthesia for pain relief, and the instillation of prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening. External cephalic version and amnioinfusion may also be reasonable alternatives in appropriately selected cases. Despite the documented safety and success of vaginal birth after cesarean section, and the lack of increased morbidity of failed trial of labor, 50% of women who are eligible for vaginal birth after cesarean section will decline an attempt, even after extensive counseling and encouragement. Patient resistance, largely attributed to the fear and inconvenience of labor, is still a major deterrent to a further rise in vaginal birth after cesarean section rates.

Combined uterine and urinary bladder rupture: an unusual complication of obstructed labor in a primigravida

PubMed Central

Takai, Idris Usman; Abubakar, Abdulkadir

2016-01-01

Background Combined uterine and urinary bladder rupture following prolonged obstructed labor is indeed a momentous uro-obstetric emergency. The urinary bladder involvement is distinctly rare in the absence of factors that predispose the bladder to be adherent to the lower uterine segment and is quite unusual in a primigravida. Objective To report a rare case of uterine rupture involving urinary bladder secondary to a prolonged obstructed labor in a primigravida from a low resource setting. Case A 17-year-old married unbooked primigravida who presented with a 3-day history of spontaneous onset of labor at term that was initially managed at home and later in a primary health care center where she had fundal pressure and oxytocin augmentation, respectively. The labor was complicated by combined uterine and urinary bladder rupture with sepsis. She was resuscitated and had exploratory laparotomy with uterine and urinary bladder repair. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was followed-up at the gynecology and family planning clinics. Conclusion There is a need for community reawakening on the inherent risks of teenage pregnancy, bad obstetric practices, and unsupervised pregnancy, labor, and delivery, particularly in the rural settings as in the index patient. A high index of suspicion and prompt appropriate intervention will reduce the sequel of morbidity and occasional mortality from this predicament. PMID:27499647

Effect of Oral Carbohydrate Intake on Labor Progress: Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Rahmani, R; Khakbazan, Z; Yavari, P; Granmayeh, M; Yavari, L

2012-01-01

Background Lack of information regarding biochemical changes in women during labor and its outcomes on maternal and neonatal health still is an unanswered question. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of oral carbohydrate intake during labor on the duration of the active phase and other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A parallel prospective randomized controlled trial, conducted at the University Affiliated Teaching Hospital in Gonabad. Totally, 190 women were randomly assigned to an intervention (N=87) or control (N=90) group. Inclusion criteria were low-risk women with singleton cephalic presentation; and cervical dilatation 3–4 cm. Randomization was used by random number generator on every day. Odd numbers was used for intervention and even numbers for control group. Intervention was based on the preferences between: 3 medium dates plus 110 ml water; 3 dates plus 110 ml light tea without sugar; or 110 ml orange juice. The protocol is only run once but women ate and drank gradually before second stage of labor. Control group were fasted as routine practice. Neither participants nor care givers or staff could be blinded to group allocation. Differences between duration of the active phase of labor were assessed as primary outcome measure. Results: There was significant difference in the length of second stage of labor (P <.05). The effect size for this variable was 0.48. There were no significant differences in other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: Oral intake of carbohydrate was an effective method for shortening the duration of second stage of labor in low-risk women. PMID:23304677

Clearing the air: the evolution of organized labor's role in tobacco control in the United States.

PubMed

Zelnick, Jennifer; Campbell, Richard; Levenstein, Charles; Balbach, Edith

2008-01-01

As efforts to make U.S. worksites smoke-free took shape in the 1980s, the tobacco industry sought to defeat them by forming alliances with organized labor. The alliance between the tobacco industry and organized labor was based on framing the regulation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as a threat to jobs, an example of management unilateralism, and an issue that divided smoking and nonsmoking union members. The dynamics of organized labor and tobacco control began to change in the late 1980s with attempts to ban smoking on airlines and in the hospitality industry. Flight attendants, bar and restaurant workers, and casino dealers-all subject to ETS in their work environments-confronted ETS as an occupational health issue. Against the backdrop of increasing awareness of the hazards of ETS, and the acceptance of tobacco control policy, this framing changed the basis of organized labor's role in tobacco control. Because service workers share the workplace with the general public, their occupational health issues are also public health issues. This fact presents new opportunities for coalition building to protect the health of service workers and the public alike.

77 FR 9267 - Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Forced or Indentured Child Labor in the Production of Goods in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-16

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Forced or Indentured Child Labor in the... Child Labor AGENCY: The Bureau of International Labor Affairs, United States Department of Labor. ACTION..., 2011, regarding child labor and forced labor in foreign countries. Relevant information will be used by...

78 FR 72714 - Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Forced or Indentured Child Labor in the Production of Goods in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Forced or Indentured Child Labor in the... Child Labor AGENCY: The Bureau of International Labor Affairs, United States Department of Labor. ACTION..., 2013, regarding child labor and forced labor in foreign countries. Relevant information will be used by...

[Demographic growth and the dynamics of specialization in the Third World].

PubMed

Coussy, J

1983-01-01

All inquiries into the relationship between demographic growth and specialization in the 3rd World face a conflict found in the entire demographic-economic literature between 2 extreme positions that regard underdevelopment as caused either by the exploitation of developing by developed nations or as caused by overpopulation. This polarization of viewpoints appears to have deflected attention from more productive work and to have retarded empirical research. The object of the present study is to present a systematic and detailed critique of the opposing theoretical positions as a step in moving the debate into more productive areas. The section on the demographic explanation of the dynamics of specialization in developing countries considers its view of the comparative advantages and disadvantages created by demographic growth, including the impact of demographic growth on the availability of factors of production and on the structures of supply, demand, and exchange. The section discussing explanations of demographic-economic disequilibria in the 3rd World that are founded on the international division of labor describes the theory and its view of the division of labor in developing countries including such characteristics as the preponderance of the primary sector, the disproportionate attention to cash crops and relative neglect of subsistence crops, the importation of luxury goods, and the lack of local industrial production; the hypothesis that demographic growth and economic backwardness in developing countries both result from the international divisions of labor; the role of 3rd world demographic-economic disequilibrium in the continuation of the international division of labor; the possible advantages of demographic growth in stimulating supply, demand, and technological progress; and the increased probability of terminating the present international division of labor because of demographic pressure. The article ends with a general critique of the structures of the 2 theories. Despite their apparent simplicity, both extremes must resort to highly complicated formulations and selection of variables, consequently greatly reducing their own explanatory utility.

What's Happening to American Labor Force and Productivity Measurements? Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by the National Council on Employment Policy (Washington, D.C., June 17, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upjohn (W.E.) Inst. for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI.

This volume contains four papers presented at a 1982 conference sponsored by the National Council on Employment Policy. It begins with a brief policy statement warning that labor force and productivity data systems face deterioration because of budget cuts that have forced a decline in the quality and quantity of the published information and…

Indian youth Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention Act Committee on Education and Labor Report to Accompany H.R. 1156. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This document presents a report from the House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor concerning H.R. 1156, The Indian Youth Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention Act. An amended version of the bill, which was proposed to coordinate and expand services for the prevention, identification, treatment, and follow-up care of alcohol and…

Years for Decision: A Longitudinal Study of the Educational, Labor Market and Family Experiences of Young Women, 1968 to 1973. Volume Four.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mott, Frank L.; And Others

Utilizing the National Longitudinal Surveys of 5,159 young women aged fourteen to twenty-four from 1968 to 1973, the study reports on the educational, labor market, and family experiences of young women. The content is in seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the data base and presents an overview of changes in the women's life patterns over the…

Changes in amniotic fluid concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes in patients with preterm labor: evidence of an increased thrombin generation

PubMed Central

Erez, Offer; Romero, Roberto; Vaisbuch, Edi; Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Mazaki-Tovi, Shali; Gotsch, Francesca; Gomez, Ricardo; Maymon, Eli; Pacora, Percy; Edwin, Samuel S.; Kim, Chong Jai; Than, Nandor Gabor; Mittal, Pooja; Yeo, Lami; Dong, Zhong; Yoon, Bo Hyun; Hassan, Sonia S; Mazor, Moshe

2012-01-01

Objective Preterm labor is associated with excessive maternal thrombin generation as evidenced by increased circulating thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) III complexes concentration. In addition to its hemostatic functions, thrombin has uterotonic properties that may participate in the mechanism leading to preterm birth in cases of intrauterine bleeding. Thrombin also has a proinflammatory role, and inflammation is associated with increased thrombin generation. The aim of this study was to determine whether intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) is associated with increased amniotic fluid (AF) thrombin generation in women with preterm and term deliveries. Study design This cross-sectional study included the following groups: 1) mid-trimester (n=74); 2) term not in labor (n=39); 3) term in labor (n=25); 4) term in labor with IAI (n=22); 5) spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) who delivered at term (n=62); 6) PTL without IAI who delivered preterm (n=59); 7) PTL with IAI (n=71). The AF TAT III complexes concentration was measured by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. Results 1) TAT III complexes were identified in all AF samples; 2) patients with PTL who delivered preterm, with and without IAI, had a significantly higher median AF TAT III complexes concentration than those with an episode of PTL who delivered at term (p<0.001, p=0.03, respectively); 3) among patients with preterm labor without IAI, elevated AF TAT III complexes concentration were independently associated with a shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (hazard ratio- 1.5, 95%CI, 1.07–2.1); 4) among patients at term, those with IAI had a higher median AF TAT III complexes concentration than those without IAI, whether in labor or not in labor (p=0.02); 5) there was no significant difference between the median AF TAT III complexes concentration of patients at term with and without labor; and 6) patients who had a mid-trimester amniocentesis had a lower median AF TAT III complexes concentration than that of patients at term not in labor (p<0.001). Conclusions We present herein a distinct difference in the pattern of intra-amniotic thrombin generation between term and preterm parturition. Preterm labor leading to preterm delivery is associated with an increased intra-amniotic thrombin generation, regardless of the presence of IAI. In contrast, term delivery is associated with an increased intra-amniotic thrombin generation only in patients with IAI. PMID:19900035

Labour migration from South and South-East Asia: some policy issues.

PubMed

Abella, M I

1984-01-01

The rise in migration for employment since the mid-1970s has had serious consequences for many Asian countries. This discussion examines the issues raised by the migration abroad of thousands of skilled workers and the efforts that sending countries have made in recent years to bring the effects of labor migration more closely into line with their development objectives. It also considers several problem areas requiring the attention of policymakers and authorities responsible for the administration of overseas employment policies. It is estimated that between 1976-81 annual labor migrant flows from the 8 major sending countries in Asia increased sevenfold, from a mere 146,400 to over 1 million. The Asian migrant workers tend to be young, male, married (with dependents in the sending country), and better educated than the average home population. Most of them come from rural areas and are predominantly employed in construction and labor. The most distinctive feature of these workers is their concentration in a few blue collar occupations--carpenters, masons, electricians, plumbers, lorry drivers, mechanics, and heavy equipment operators. These production and trnasport workers outnumber the professional and technical workers by anywhere from 3 to 1 (Philippines) to 17 to 1 (Pakistan and Sri Lanka). At the aggregate level labor emigration affects the sending country's economy through its impact on the labor market, on the financial market, and on the market for goods and services. It can be argued that the outflow of a significant proportion of the labor force should lead directly to a rise in labor projectivity in the sending country since capital per worker among those left behind will increase, yet it can also be argued that since migration sifts out the most skilled and experienced workers there will be an erosion of the country's human captial resources. Specific measures have been adopted in most labor sending Asian countries to protect the welfare of migrant workers, to regulate conditions of employment abroad, to restrict the outflow of scarce skills, and to secure new overseas markets for nationals. Despite the efforts of governments to ensure that workers have satisfactory contracts on going abroad, many cases of "contract substitution" have been reported. The present attitude of many governments toward private recruiters seems to reflect both an acknowledgement of their effectiveness in finding job placements overseas and a growing concern to regulate their activities. The present trend seems to be to allow private agencies easier access while exercising greater supervision over those permitted to operate. The impact of labor migration on the labor markets of sending countries has not been uniformly damaging, but most of the countries have adopted 1 kind of policy or another to reduce the outflow of scarce skills. The use of material and other incentives for retaining workers in the country has obvious advantages but is not very widespread.

[Prevalence of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with preterm labor].

PubMed

Acosta-Terriquez, Jorge Emmanuel; Ramos-Martínez, Martín Alberto; Zamora-Aguilar, Liliana María; Murillo-Llanes, Joel

2014-11-01

To determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with preterm labor. A prospective, observational, descriptive study, with a sample of 272 patients who were hospitalized in the Hospital de la Mujer at Culiacan, Sinaloa that presented symptoms of preterm labor. Age body mass index (BMI), parity, education, weeks of gestation, mode of delivery, history of preterm delivery and UTI were assessed. Of the 272 patients with threatened preterm delivery, 97 (35.6%) had positive urine culture and of these patients, 32 (32.9%) had preterm labor. Association between urinary tract infection and patients with a hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11 g/dL OR: 2.66 95% CI (1.55-4.55), p 0.0003. Was isolated E. coli in 72 (74.4%) patients, Proteus in 9 (9.2%) patients. It was found that 42% of E. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin and 38.4% to ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of UTI is higher than the national prevalence.

The theory of social services in disaccumulationist capitalism.

PubMed

Hirschhorn, L

1979-01-01

The theory of social services today must be based on a more general theory of the "disaccumulation" of capitalist society. Capitalist society disaccumulates as new productive forces emerge within the framework of the capitalist labor market. These forces are expressed abstractly in new sources of productivity based on information and organization and concretely in a new organization of work. This new organization of work breaks down the old capitalist division between labor and non-labor time and poses instead a more fluid interaction and integration of work and non-work. Capitalist society, however, disaccumulates through social crisis. The reorganization of work is simultaneously expressed as the decay of the labor market. This decay delegitimates social services and creates the present social service crisis. Social services can find their new sources of legitimacy only if social classes can move past the crisis of disaccumulation and find the appropriate new forms of social life based on the emerging non-capitalist organization of work.

Patriarchy, Power, and Pay: The Transformation of American Families, 1800–2015

PubMed Central

Ruggles, Steven

2015-01-01

This article proposes explanations for the transformation of American families over the past two centuries. I describe the impact on families of the rise of male wage labor beginning in the nineteenth century and the rise of female wage labor in the twentieth century. I then examine the effects of decline in wage labor opportunities for young men and women during the past four decades. I present new estimates of a precipitous decline in the relative income of young men and assess its implications for the decline for marriage. Finally, I discuss explanations for the deterioration of economic opportunity and speculate on the impact of technological change on the future of work and families. PMID:26511502

[Workers with signs of smallpox in the collection of Regional Office of Labor, Rio Grande do Sul, 1933-1944].

PubMed

Lopes, Aristeu Elisandro Machado

2016-01-01

Work Register Booklet was created in Brazil in 1932. Soon, Regional Labor Inspectorates emerged - after renamed as Regional Office of Labor. In Rio Grande do Sul, this office was settled in 1933 in Porto Alegre. Procedures for making this booklet consisted of filling a professional qualification form with workers' personal and professional information. One of the fields consisted of requester's distinguishing signs, like visible marks and lack of limbs. The purpose of this article is to analyse the presence of one of these distinguishing signs. We use 3x4cm photos of workers who presented smallpox signs, as well as other information written in the fields of their forms.

29 CFR 401.13 - Labor relations consultant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labor relations consultant. 401.13 Section 401.13 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.13 Labor relations consultant. Labor relations...

29 CFR 401.7 - Labor dispute.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labor dispute. 401.7 Section 401.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.7 Labor dispute. Labor dispute includes any controversy...

The Clinical Significance of Eosinophils in the Amniotic Fluid in Preterm Labor

PubMed Central

ROMERO, ROBERTO; KUSANOVIC, JUAN PEDRO; GOMEZ, RICARDO; LAMONT, RONALD; BYTAUTIENE, EGLE; GARFIELD, ROBERT E.; MITTAL, POOJA; HASSAN, SONIA S.; YEO, LAMI

2012-01-01

Objective White blood cells are not traditionally considered to be normally present in amniotic fluid. This study was conducted after the observation that a patient with preterm labor and intact membranes had eosinophils as a predominant cell in the amniotic fluid, and had an episode of asthma during the index pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine whether women presenting with preterm labor with eosinophils in the amniotic fluid had a different outcome than those without eosinophils as the predominant white blood cell in the amniotic cavity. Methods This retrospective case-control study included women who presented with preterm labor and intact membranes between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Patients underwent an amniocentesis shortly after admission for the assessment of the microbiologic status of the amniotic cavity and/or fetal lung maturity. Amniotic fluid was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as genital mycoplasmas. Cytologic studies included amniotic fluid white blood cell count and differential, which was performed on cytocentrifuged specimens. Patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or a white blood cell count >20 cells/mm3 were excluded from the study. Cases were defined as women in whom the differential contained >20% of eosinophils. Controls were selected among women with an amniotic fluid eosinophil count ≤20% and matched for gestational age at amniocentesis. The analysis was conducted with non-parametric statistics. Results The study population consisted of 10 cases and 50 controls. Gestational age and cervical dilatation at admission were similar in both groups. Cases had a lower gestational age at delivery than controls [34.6 weeks, inter-quartile range (IQR) 32–37.3 weeks vs. 38.0 weeks, IQR 35–40 weeks, respectively; p=0.018]. The prevalence of preterm delivery ≤35 weeks was higher among patients who had >20% eosinophils than in the control group [50% (5/10) vs. 18% (9/50), respectively; p=0.029]. Similar results were observed for delivery at <37 weeks [Cases: 70% (7/10) vs. Controls: 36% (18/50); p=0.046]. Conclusions Women with preterm labor and intact membranes who have a large proportion of eosinophils in the amniotic fluid are at an increased risk for spontaneous preterm delivery. These patients may have had an episode of preterm labor related to a type I hypersensitivity reaction. PMID:19900034

Obstetrical care and women's health in the aftermath of disasters: the first 14 days after the 2010 Haitian earthquake.

PubMed

Goodman, Annekathryn; Black, Lynn; Briggs, Susan

2014-01-01

Natural disasters disproportionately injure women and children. Disaster teams need intensive training in the management of obstetrics and women's healthcare at the disaster site. This article summarizes the obstetrical experience for the International Medical Surgical Response Team (IMSuRT) stationed at Gheskio in Port Au Prince during the first 2 weeks after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. The world's literature on the impact of disasters on women is reviewed. Sixty-three members of the IMSuRT and Disaster Medical Assistance Team set up a mobile surgical field hospital after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. One member (AG) managed all the obstetrical care and taught the other team members essentials of labor management and assessment in pregnancy. Six hundred patients were treated in the first 14 days. Ten percent of these patients were pregnant.There were 12 deliveries. All pregnant patients were evaluated by a Sonosite ultrasound device. Pregnant patients with earthquake-related injuries were treated for their injuries.Women in labor were managed by active management in labor. No cesarean sections were needed. Well-being of mother and babies. Sixty pregnant women presented to the mobile hospital for evaluation from January 17, 2010, through January 28, 2012. Twelve women in labor delivered healthy infants by vaginal delivery. Gestational ages ranges from 34 to 40 weeks. Active management of labor included the use of intravenous Pitocin, which was titrated to contractions. Duration of labor ranged from 2 to 12 hours. Three team members participated in each delivery. Two women were discharged on the same day as their deliveries. Eight women were discharged on the first postpartum day and two on the second postpartum day. Pregnant women suffered severe injuries. Additionally, pregnant women with pre-existing medical conditions were treated after the earthquake. Active management of labor allowed all women to deliver vaginally. The labor management required tremendous team resources to facilitate vaginal deliveries and avoid cesarean sections. Cesarean sections in an austere environment have the potential for devastating consequences such as sepsis, wound dehiscence, and the long-term risks of uterine rupture with subsequent pregnancies. Our experience highlights the need to include trained obstetrical providers on the first response team. Data from this article were included in the presentation, "An urgent need for women's health specialists in disaster response," at the Disaster Response Workshop, Annual Meeting Society Maternal Fetal Medicine, Dallas, 2012.

Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and job satisfaction among physicians in Greece.

PubMed

Psilopanagioti, Aristea; Anagnostopoulos, Fotios; Mourtou, Efstratia; Niakas, Dimitris

2012-12-17

There is increasing evidence that psychological constructs, such as emotional intelligence and emotional labor, play an important role in various organizational outcomes in service sector. Recently, in the "emotionally charged" healthcare field, emotional intelligence and emotional labor have both emerged as research tools, rather than just as theoretical concepts, influencing various organizational parameters including job satisfaction. The present study aimed at investigating the relationships, direct and/or indirect, between emotional intelligence, the surface acting component of emotional labor, and job satisfaction in medical staff working in tertiary healthcare. Data were collected from 130 physicians in Greece, who completed a series of self-report questionnaires including: a) the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, which assessed the four dimensions of emotional intelligence, i.e. Self-Emotion Appraisal, Others' Emotion Appraisal, Use of Emotion, and Regulation of Emotion, b) the General Index of Job Satisfaction, and c) the Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (surface acting component). Emotional intelligence (Use of Emotion dimension) was significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=.42, p<.001), whereas a significant negative correlation between surface acting and job satisfaction was observed (r=-.39, p<.001). Furthermore, Self-Emotion Appraisal was negatively correlated with surface acting (r=-.20, p<.01). Self-Emotion Appraisal was found to influence job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through surface acting, while this indirect effect was moderated by gender. Apart from its mediating role, surface acting was also a moderator of the emotional intelligence-job satisfaction relationship. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that surface acting could predict job satisfaction over and above emotional intelligence dimensions. The results of the present study may contribute to the better understanding of emotion-related parameters that affect the work process with a view to increasing the quality of service in the health sector.

Practices and obstetric interventions in women from a state in the Northeast of Brazil.

PubMed

Prado, Daniela Siqueira; Mendes, Rosemar Barbosa; Gurgel, Rosana Queiroz; Barreto, Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho; Bezerra, Felipa Daiana; Cipolotti, Rosana; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

2017-12-01

To describe practices and interventions used during labor and childbirth and factors associated with such practices in puerperae in the state of Sergipe. A cross-sectional study with 768 postpartum women from 11 maternity hospitals interviewed 6 hours after delivery, and hospital records review. The associations between best practices and interventions used during labor and delivery with exposure variables were described using simple frequencies, percentages, crude and adjusted odds ratio (ORa) with the confidence interval. Of the women in the study, 10.6% received food and 27.8% moved during labor; non-pharmacological methods for pain relief were performed in 26.1%; a partogram was filled in 39.4% of the charts; and an accompanying person was present in 40.6% of deliveries. Oxytocin, amniotomy and labor analgesia were used in 59.1%, 49.3% and 4.2% of women, respectively. Lithotomy position during childbirth was used in 95.2% of the cases, episiotomy in 43.9% and Kristeller maneuver in 31.7%. The variables most associated with cesarean section were private financing (ORa=4.27, 95CI 2.44-7.47), higher levels of education (ORa=4.54, 95CI 2.56-8.3) and high obstetric risk (ORa=1.9, 95CI 1.31-2.74). Women whose delivery was funded privately were more likely to have an accompanying person present (ORa=2.12, 95CI 1.18-3.79) and to undergo labor analgesia (ORa=4.96, 95CI 1.7-14.5). Best practices are poorly performed and unnecessary interventions are frequent. The factors most associated with c-section were private funding, greater length of education and high obstetric risk.

The Price We Pay for Illiteracy. Hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on Examining Educational Goals, Focusing on Literacy. United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

This document presents the transcript of Congressional hearings held before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on the scope and implications of illiteracy in the United States and on school and adult programs addressing literacy. After opening statements of the Hon. James M. Jeffords and the Hon. Christopher J. Dodd, the transcript for the…

School Integration Innovation Act of 1976: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 14365.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This document presents the proceedings of the hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor to amend the Emergency School Aid Act. The proposed act is titled the School Integration Innovation Act of 1976. It provides for innovative desegregation programs and procedures.…

Employment of Asian/Pacific American Women in Chicago. Report of a Conference Sponsored by the Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor (Chicago, Illinois, March 22, 1980).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumata, Ruth; Murata, Alice

This report presents the proceedings of a Chicago conference and other information acquired as part of a project designed to increase the access of Asian and Pacific American women to U.S. Department of Labor programs. The first part of the report describes the Chicago conference and includes several articles: (1) a history of Asian women in…

Education and Training for American Competitiveness Act. Committee on Education and Labor Report Together with Supplemental Views to Accompany H.R. 4728. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Committee on Education and Labor, to which was referred the bill, H.R. 4728, to establish programs of education and training designed to improve the competitiveness of American workers in international trade. An explanation of the bill first provides committee feelings regarding Title I,…

The Coming Decade: American Women and Human Resources Policies and Programs, 1979. Hearings before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, 1st Session, Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Subcommittee on Labor and Human Resources.

Proceedings are presented of hearings before the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources to examine the conditions and opportunities confronting American women in the workplace and how government policies and programs have aided or restricted women. Among those testifying were Clara Allen and Stanley Van Ness on employment, the plight of the…

How Minorities Continue to Be Excluded from Equal Employment Opportunities: Research on Labor Market and Institutional Barriers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

of jobs, four types of exclusionary barriers are investigated: "segregated networks" at the candidate stage, "information bias" and " statistical ...constitutional law, and socio-economic theory (for example, Glazer, 1975; Maguire, 1980). Disagreements have been particularly strong about the preferen...will present statistics on current labor market processes that can be used to assess the continuing need for strong policies of equal employment

Growth perturbations in a phenotype with rapid fetal growth preceding preterm labor and term birth.

PubMed

Lampl, Michelle; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Erez, Offer; Gotsch, Francesca; Espinoza, Jimmy; Goncalves, Luis; Lee, Wesley; Gomez, Ricardo; Nien, Jyh Kae; Frongillo, Edward A; Romero, Roberto

2009-01-01

The variability in fetal growth rates and gestation duration in humans is not well understood. Of interest are women presenting with an episode of preterm labor and subsequently delivering a term neonate, who is small relative to peers of similar gestational age. To further understand these relationships, fetal growth patterns predating an episode of preterm labor were investigated. Retrospective analysis of fetal biometry assessed by serial ultrasound in a prospectively studied sample of pregnancies in Santiago, Chile, tested the hypothesis that fetal growth patterns among uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 3,706) and those with an episode of preterm labor followed by term delivery (n = 184) were identical across the time intervals 16-22 weeks, 22-28 weeks, and 28-34 weeks in a multilevel mixed-effects regression. The hypothesis was not supported. Fetal weight growth rate was faster from 16 weeks among pregnancies with an episode of preterm labor (P < 0.05), declined across midgestation (22-28 weeks, P < 0.05), and rebounded between 28 and 34 weeks (P = 0.06). This was associated with perturbations in abdominal circumference growth and proportionately larger biparietal diameter from 22 gestational weeks (P = 0.03), greater femur (P = 0.01), biparietal diameter (P = 0.001) and head circumference (P = 0.02) dimensions relative to abdominal circumference across midgestation (22-28 weeks), followed by proportionately smaller femur diaphyseal length (P = 0.02) and biparietal diameter (P = 0.03) subsequently. A distinctive rapid growth phenotype characterized fetal growth preceding an episode of preterm labor among this sample of term-delivered neonates. Perturbations in abdominal circumference growth and patterns of proportionality suggest an altered growth strategy pre-dating the preterm labor episode.

Induction of labor or serial antenatal fetal monitoring in postterm pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Heimstad, Runa; Skogvoll, Eirik; Mattsson, Lars-Ake; Johansen, Ole Jakob; Eik-Nes, Sturla H; Salvesen, Kjell A

2007-03-01

To compare induction of labor at gestational age 41 weeks with expectant management in regard to neonatal morbidity. Secondary aims were to assess the effect of these managements on mode of delivery and maternal complications. Between September 2002 and July 2004, postterm women with singleton cephalic presentation and no prelabor rupture of membranes were randomly assigned to induction of labor at 289 days or antenatal fetal surveillance every third day until spontaneous labor. Main outcome measures were neonatal morbidity, operative delivery rates, and maternal complications. Five hundred eight women were randomly assigned, 254 in each group. No differences of clinical importance were observed in women in whom labor was induced compared with women who were expectantly managed with regard to the following outcomes: neonates whose 5-minute Apgar score was less than 7 (three neonates in the induction group compared with four in the monitoring group, P=.72); neonates whose umbilical cord pH was less than 7 (three compared with two, P=.69); prevalence of cesarean delivery (28 compared with 33, P=.50); or prevalence of operative vaginal delivery (32 compared with 27, P=.49). In the induction group more women had precipitate labors (33 compared with 12, P<.01; number needed to treat was 13), and the duration of second stage of labor was more often less than 15 minutes (94 compared with 56, P<.01; number needed to treat was 7). No differences were found between the induced and monitored groups regarding neonatal morbidity or mode of delivery, and the outcomes were generally good. ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00385229. I.

Prevention of primary caesarean delivery: comprehensive management of dystocia in nulliparous patients at term.

PubMed

Ragusa, Antonio; Gizzo, Salvatore; Noventa, Marco; Ferrazzi, Enrico; Deiana, Sara; Svelato, Alessandro

2016-10-01

Dystocia is the leading indication for primary caesarean sections. Our aim is to compare two approaches in the management of dystocia in labor in nulliparous women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation at term in spontaneous or induced labor. Prospective cohort study. Four hundred and nineteen consecutive patients were divided into two groups: the standard management group (SM), in acceleration of labor was commenced at the "action line" in the case of arrested or protracted labor, and the comprehensive management group (CM) in which arrested or protracted labor was considered as a warning sign promoting further diagnostic assessment prior to considering intervention. Caesarean sections rate was 22.2 % in the SM group (216 patients) and 10.3 % in the CM group (203 patients) (p = 0.001). The rate of oxytocin use decreased from 33.3 % in SM group to 13.8 % in the CM group (p < 0.0005). The rate of amniotomy decreased from 41.7 % in the SM group to 7.4 % in the CM group (p < 0.0005). The percentage of newborns with 5-min Apgar score <7 and/or umbilical cord arterial pH ≤ 7.00 decreased from 2.3 % in SM cohort to 0.5 % in CM cohort (p = ns). The average length of labor did not differ between the two groups of patients (264 vs 277 min; p = ns). Comprehensive management of dystocia enabled us to achieve a reduction in iatrogenic interventions in labor while maintaining good neonatal outcomes.

Comparison of the Effects of Maternal Supportive Care and Acupressure (at BL32 Acupoint) on Labor Length and Infant's Apgar Score

PubMed Central

Akbarzadeh, Marzieh; Masoudi, Zahra; Zare, Najaf; Kasraeian, Maryam

2016-01-01

Background and Objectives: Prolonged labor leads to increase of cesarean deliveries, reduction of fetal heart rate, and maternal as well as infantile complications. Therefore, many women tend to use pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods for reduction of labor length. The present study aimed to compare the effects of maternal supportive care and acupressure (at BL32 acupoint) on labor length and infant's Apgar score. Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 women with low-risk pregnancy were randomly divided into supportive care, acupressure, and control groups each containing 50 subjects. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic and pregnancy characteristics. Then, the data were analyzed using Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean length of the first and second stages of labor was respectively 157.0±29.5 and 58.9±25.8 minutes in the supportive care group, 161.7±37.3 and 56.1±31.4 minutes in the acupressure group, ad 281.0±79.8 and 128.4±44.9 minutes in the control group. The difference between the length of labor stages was significant in the three study groups (P<0.001). Moreover, the frequency of Apgar score≥8 in the first and 5th minutes was higher in the supportive care and acupressure groups compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Continuous support and acupressure could reduce the length of labor stages and increase the infants’ Apgar scores. Therefore, these methods, as effective non-pharmacological strategies, can be introduced to the medical staff to improve the delivery outcomes. PMID:26493430

Labour migration and rural transformation in post-colonial Swaziland.

PubMed

Simelane, H S

1995-07-01

This article describes the effects of labor migration in rural southern Swaziland. It is argued that wages from rural migration to mining areas were invested in agricultural implements such as tractors, in education of children, and in cattle. These effects are improvements in rural quality of life and involve women in agricultural production. Male labor migration in southern Swaziland contributed to progress and rural development for rich and poor families at the individual level. Community level changes from labor migration were not evident. The author does not suggest that all changes were due to labor migration or unique. Negative effects are recognized, such as life style changes or changes in social customs. It is stated that southern Swaziland benefited little post-independence from national development. The Lowveld benefitted from sugar and citrus plantations. The central region experienced development of industry and commerce. The northern region had sugar plantations and mining development. The western region established commercial forests. The south only had export labor, which was attracted to higher wages in South Africa. Data and arguments in this article pertain only to male labor migration to mining areas. The literature on development tends to associate male labor migration with underdevelopment. Women are left to plough the fields in traditional agricultural production. Evidence is presented for southern Swaziland, which showed periods of low agricultural production and poor health conditions. During the 1940s this was the case and male absence was very high. Although women had limitations, it is argued that the most important factor was unavailability of new technology. By the 1970s, women were able to hire private or government tractors for tilling the soil.

Trial of labor after myomectomy and uterine rupture: a systematic review.

PubMed

Gambacorti-Passerini, Zita; Gimovsky, Alexis C; Locatelli, Anna; Berghella, Vincenzo

2016-07-01

There is concern about the risk of uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancy after myomectomy. This risk is reported in literature to be around 0.7-1%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of uterine rupture and associated risk factors in women who had a trial of labor after prior myomectomy. A systematic review of the literature was performed including all cohort studies with at least five cases reporting outcomes of pregnancies after prior myomectomy. The terms "myomectomy", "pregnancy", "trial of labor" and "uterine rupture" were used in PubMed and EMBASE searches for identification purposes. Every reference was reviewed for possible inclusion and all eligible cases of uterine rupture were considered. Twenty-three studies with at least five cases of pregnancy after myomectomy were identified, with an overall incidence of uterine rupture of 0.6% (0.3-1.1%) (n = 11/1825). Of these 23 studies, 11 studies reported detailed data about trial of labor after myomectomy and related pregnancy outcomes, including 1034 pregnancies and 756 viable (≥24 weeks) deliveries. The overall incidence of uterine rupture after myomectomy in the included studies was 0.93% (0.45-1.92%) (n = 7/756); specifically, it was 0.47% (0.13-1.70%) (n = 2/426) in women undergoing trial of labor after myomectomy, and 1.52% (0.65-3.51%) (n = 5/330) in women before the onset of labor. Of the seven uterine ruptures, five (71%) occurred within 36 weeks (range 24-40 weeks). Trial of labor after myomectomy is associated with a 0.47% risk of uterine rupture. There were no identified risk factors among the variables studied. The present systematic review of the literature revealed that uterine rupture after prior myomectomy occurred mainly before 36 weeks and before labor. © 2016 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Use of Midlevel Practitioners to Achieve Labor Cost Savings in the Primary Care Practice of an MCO

PubMed Central

Roblin, Douglas W; Howard, David H; Becker, Edmund R; Kathleen Adams, E; Roberts, Melissa H

2004-01-01

Objective To estimate the savings in labor costs per primary care visit that might be realized from increased use of physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in the primary care practices of a managed care organization (MCO). Study Setting/Data Sources Twenty-six capitated primary care practices of a group model MCO. Data on approximately two million visits provided by 206 practitioners were extracted from computerized visit records for 1997–2000. Computerized payroll ledgers were the source of annual labor costs per practice from 1997–2000. Study Design Likelihood of a visit attended by a PA/NP versus MD was modeled using logistic regression, with practice fixed effects, by department (adult medicine, pediatrics) and year. Parameter estimates and practice fixed effects from these regressions were used to predict the proportion of PA/NP visits per practice per year given a standard case mix. Least squares regressions, with practice fixed effects, were used to estimate the association of this standardized predicted proportion of PA/NP visits with average annual practitioner and total labor costs per visit, controlling for other practice characteristics. Results On average, PAs/NPs attended one in three adult medicine visits and one in five pediatric medicine visits. Likelihood of a PA/NP visit was significantly higher than average among patients presenting with minor acute illness (e.g., acute pharyngitis). In adult medicine, likelihood of a PA/NP visit was lower than average among older patients. Practitioner labor costs per visit and total labor costs per visit were lower (p<.01 and p=.08, respectively) among practices with greater use of PAs/NPs, standardized for case mix. Conclusions Primary care practices that used more PAs/NPs in care delivery realized lower practitioner labor costs per visit than practices that used less. Future research should investigate the cost savings and cost-effectiveness potential of delivery designs that change staffing mix and division of labor among clinical disciplines. PMID:15149481

Employment barriers for persons with psychiatric disabilities: update of a report for the President's Commission.

PubMed

Cook, Judith A

2006-10-01

A major public policy problem is the extremely low labor force participation of people with severe mental illness coupled with their overrepresentation on the public disability rolls. This situation is especially troubling given the existence of evidence-based practices designed to return them to the labor force. This article reviews research from the fields of disability, economics, health care, and labor studies to describe the nature of barriers to paid work and economic security for people with disabling mental disorders. These barriers include low educational attainment, unfavorable labor market dynamics, low productivity, lack of appropriate vocational and clinical services, labor force discrimination, failure of protective legislation, work disincentives caused by state and federal policies, poverty-level income, linkage of health care access to disability beneficiary status, and ineffective work incentive programs. The article concludes with a discussion of current policy initiatives in health care, mental health, and disability. Recommendations for a comprehensive system of services and supports to address multiple barriers are presented. These include access to affordable health care, including mental health treatment and prescription drug coverage; integrated clinical and vocational services; safe and stable housing that is not threatened by changes in earned income; remedial and postsecondary education and vocational training; benefits counseling and financial literacy education; economic security through asset development; legal aid for dealing with employment discrimination; peer support and self-help to enhance vocational self-image and encourage labor force attachment; and active involvement of U.S. business and employer communities.

Safety and risks of nitrous oxide labor analgesia: a review.

PubMed

Rooks, Judith P

2011-01-01

This review of the safety and risks of nitrous oxide (N(2) O) labor analgesia presents results of a search for evidence of its effects on labor, the mother, the fetus, the neonate, breastfeeding, and maternal-infant bonding. Concerns about apoptotic damage to the brains of immature mammals exposed to high doses of N(2) O during late gestation, possible cardiovascular risks from hyperhomocysteinemia caused by N(2) O, a hypothesis that children exposed to N(2) O during birth are more likely to become addicted to amphetamine drugs as adults, and possible occupational risks for those who provide care to women using N(2) O/O(2) labor analgesia are discussed in detail. Research relevant to the 4 special concerns and to the effects of N(2) O analgesia on labor and the mother-child dyad were examined in depth. Three recent reviews of the biologic, toxicologic, anesthetic, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects of N(2) O; 3 reviews of the safety of 50% N(2) O/oxygen (O(2) ) in providing analgesia in a variety of health care settings; and a 2002 systematic review of N(2) O/O(2) labor analgesia were used. Nitrous oxide analgesia is safe for mothers, neonates, and those who care for women during childbirth if the N(2) O is delivered as a 50% blend with O(2) , is self-administered, and good occupational hygiene is practiced. Because of the strong correlation between dose and harm from exposure to N(2) O, concerns based on effects of long exposure to high anesthetic-level doses of N(2) O have only tenuous, hypothetical pertinence to the safety of N(2) O/O(2) labor analgesia. Nitrous oxide labor analgesia is safe for the mother, fetus, and neonate and can be made safe for caregivers. It is simple to administer, does not interfere with the release and function of endogenous oxytocin, and has no adverse effects on the normal physiology and progress of labor. © 2011 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Onset of Labor in Post-Term Pregnancy by Chamomile.

PubMed

Gholami, Fereshte; Neisani Samani, Leila; Kashanian, Maryam; Naseri, Mohsen; Hosseini, Agha Fateme; Hashemi Nejad, Seyed Abbas

2016-11-01

Post-term pregnancy is an important factor in perinatal mortality and morbidity. Generally, to reduce perinatal mortality in pregnancy, the delivery is done before adverse perinatal morbidity occurs. To prevent prolonged pregnancy, labor is induced with chemical drugs and complementary therapies. Due to the side effects and contraindications of chemical medicine, the use of herbs has been investigated in the induction of labor in post-term pregnancy. This study was done to identify the effect of chamomile on inducing labor in women with post-term pregnancy of Shahid Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran in 2013. This double-blind clinical trial study was performed in Iran on 80 post-term pregnant women with a gestational age of 40 weeks or more, a single pregnancy, 18 - 35 years old, cephalic presentation, an estimated fetal weight of 2500 - 4000 grams, an absence of uterine contraction, a cervical Bishop score of less than 4, the safety of the membrane, and low-risk pregnancy; they were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 40 women. Each of the participants was given a bottle containing 42 capsules (500 mg each) and took 2 capsules every 8 hours. The data were collected through the questionnaire of demographic observational, and examinal characteristics. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Fisher's exact test using SPSS (16/win) were used to determine and compare the effects of drugs on inducing labor in the groups. After a week of using the first dose, the results showed that in 92.5% of the chamomile group and 62.5% in the placebo group, delivery symptoms started after taking the oral capsules, and there were significant statistical differences between the two groups for the onset of labor (P = 0.003) There was a noticeable statistical difference between the two groups regarding the mean interval time to the onset of labor pain after taking the capsules (P = 0.000). In this study¸ chamomile stimulated labor in post-term pregnancy. With further studies, chamomile, which has no chemical side effects, can be suggested for stimulating labor in post-term pregnancy.

Mitochondrial MnSOD mRNA expression in human chorioamniotic membranes and its association with labor, inflammation and infection

PubMed Central

Than, Nandor Gabor; Romero, Roberto; Tarca, Adi L.; Draghici, Sorin; Erez, Offer; Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Kim, Yeon Mee; Kim, Sun Kwon; Vaisbuch, Edi; Tromp, Gerard

2010-01-01

Objective Human parturition is characterized by the activation of genes involved in acute inflammatory in the fetal membranes. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). MnSOD is up-regulated in sites of inflammation and has an important role in the down-regulation of acute inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the differences in MnSOD mRNA expression in the fetal membranes in patients with term and preterm labor as well as in acute chorioamnionitis. Study design Fetal membranes were obtained from patients in the following groups: 1) term not in labor (n=29); 2) term in labor (n=29); 3) spontaneous preterm labor with intact mebranes (n=16); 4) PTL with histological chorioamnionitis (n=12); 5) preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM; n=17); and 6) PPROM with histological chorioamnionitis (n=21). MnSOD mRNA expression in the membranes was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results 1) MnSOD mRNA expression was higher in the fetal membranes of patients at term in labor than those not in labor (2.4-fold; p=0.02); 2) the amount of MnSOD mRNA in the fetal membranes was higher in PTL than in term labor or in PPROM (7.2-fold, p=0.03; 3.2-fold, p=0.03, respectively); 3) MnSOD mRNA expression was higher when histological chorioamnionitis was present both among patients with PPROM (3.8-fold, p=0.02) and with PTL (5.4-fold, p=0.02) than in patients with these conditions without histological chorioamnionitis; 4) expression of MnSOD mRNA was higher in PTL with chorioamnionitis than in PPROM with chorioamnionitis (4.3-fold, p=0.03); Conclusion The increase in MnSOD mRNA expression by fetal membranes in term labor and in histological chorioamnionitis in PTL and PPROM suggests that the fetus deploys anti-oxidant mechanisms to constrain the inflammatory processes in the chorioamniotic membranes. PMID:19900038

Onset of Labor in Post-Term Pregnancy by Chamomile

PubMed Central

Gholami, Fereshte; Neisani Samani, Leila; Kashanian, Maryam; Naseri, Mohsen; Hosseini, Agha Fateme; Hashemi Nejad, Seyed Abbas

2016-01-01

Background Post-term pregnancy is an important factor in perinatal mortality and morbidity. Generally, to reduce perinatal mortality in pregnancy, the delivery is done before adverse perinatal morbidity occurs. To prevent prolonged pregnancy, labor is induced with chemical drugs and complementary therapies. Due to the side effects and contraindications of chemical medicine, the use of herbs has been investigated in the induction of labor in post-term pregnancy. Objectives This study was done to identify the effect of chamomile on inducing labor in women with post-term pregnancy of Shahid Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran in 2013. Patients and Methods This double-blind clinical trial study was performed in Iran on 80 post-term pregnant women with a gestational age of 40 weeks or more, a single pregnancy, 18 - 35 years old, cephalic presentation, an estimated fetal weight of 2500 - 4000 grams, an absence of uterine contraction, a cervical Bishop score of less than 4, the safety of the membrane, and low-risk pregnancy; they were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 40 women. Each of the participants was given a bottle containing 42 capsules (500 mg each) and took 2 capsules every 8 hours. The data were collected through the questionnaire of demographic observational, and examinal characteristics. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS (16/win) were used to determine and compare the effects of drugs on inducing labor in the groups. Results After a week of using the first dose, the results showed that in 92.5% of the chamomile group and 62.5% in the placebo group, delivery symptoms started after taking the oral capsules, and there were significant statistical differences between the two groups for the onset of labor (P = 0.003) There was a noticeable statistical difference between the two groups regarding the mean interval time to the onset of labor pain after taking the capsules (P = 0.000). Conclusions In this study¸ chamomile stimulated labor in post-term pregnancy. With further studies, chamomile, which has no chemical side effects, can be suggested for stimulating labor in post-term pregnancy. PMID:28210497

Intercountry comparisons of labor force trends and of related developments: an overview.

PubMed

Mincer, J

1985-01-01

This paper is a survey of analyses of women's labor force growth in 12 industrialized countries, presented at a conference in Sussex, England in 1983. The main focus is on growth of the labor force of married women from 1960-1980; trends in fertility, wages, and family instability are discussed. In all countries, wages of women were lower than wages of men, although between 1960 and 1980 labor force rates of married women rose in most of the industrialized countries. 2 factors that are associated with this growth are declines in fertility and increases in divorce rates. The 12 countries studied are: 1) Australia, 2) Britain, 3) France, 4) Germany, 5) Israel, 6) Italy, 7) Japan, 8) Netherlands, 9) Spain, 10) Sweden, 11) US, and 12) USSR. The substitution variables (wages of women or their education) have strong positive effects on labor force participation in most cases, and in most cases the positive wage elasticities exceed the negative income elasticities by a sizable margin. A summary table estimating parameters of the P-function for each country, and their predictive performance in time series, are included. From 1960-1980 the average per country growth in participation of married women was 2.84% per year. Wages of working women, in this same period grew, on average, faster than wages of men in most countries, in part due to selectivity by education in labor force growth. While growth rates of real wages across countries have a weak relation with the differential growth rates of married women's labor force, the relation is strong when country parameters are taken into account. The dominance of the "discouraged" over the "added" workers in female labor force growth appears to be upheld internationally. On the average, total fertility rate dropped from 2.42 in 1970 to 1.85 in 1980. Both fertility declines and the growth of family instability appear to represent lagged effects of longer term developments in the labor force of women. Women's wages are lower than men's wages in all countries; wage differentials narrowed in all other countries over the past 2 decades. This narrowing was due both to women's educational attainment catching up with men's, and to a positive educational selectivity of women's labor force growth during this period. Ultimately, without labor market discrimination and with equal educational attainment, the wage gap can be eliminated only when sex differences in lifetime work experience vanish.

29 CFR 18.611 - Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Mode and order of interrogation and presentation. 18.611... of interrogation and presentation. (a) Control by judge. The judge shall exercise reasonable control... interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) Avoid needless consumption of...

29 CFR 18.611 - Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mode and order of interrogation and presentation. 18.611... of interrogation and presentation. (a) Control by judge. The judge shall exercise reasonable control... interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) Avoid needless consumption of...

29 CFR 18.611 - Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Mode and order of interrogation and presentation. 18.611... of interrogation and presentation. (a) Control by judge. The judge shall exercise reasonable control... interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) Avoid needless consumption of...

29 CFR 18.611 - Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Mode and order of interrogation and presentation. 18.611... of interrogation and presentation. (a) Control by judge. The judge shall exercise reasonable control... interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) Avoid needless consumption of...

29 CFR 18.611 - Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Mode and order of interrogation and presentation. 18.611... of interrogation and presentation. (a) Control by judge. The judge shall exercise reasonable control... interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) Avoid needless consumption of...

Preterm labor--modeling the uterine electrical activity from cellular level to surface recording.

PubMed

Rihana, S; Marque, C

2008-01-01

Uterine electrical activity is correlated to the appearance of uterine contractions. forceful contractions appear at the end of term. Therefore, understanding the genesis and the propagation of uterine electrical activity may provide an efficient tool to diagnose preterm labor. Moreover, the control of uterine excitability seems to have important consequences in the control of preterm labor. Modeling the electrical activity in uterine tissue is thus an important step in understanding physiological uterine contractile mechanisms and to permit uterine EMG simulation. Our model presented in this paper, incorporates ion channel models at the cell level, the reaction diffusion equations at the tissue level and the spatiotemporal integration at the uterine EMG reconstructed level. This model validates some key physiological observation hypotheses concerning uterine excitability and propagation.

Hazardous child labor in Nepal: The case of brick kilns.

PubMed

Larmar, Stephen; O'Leary, Patrick; Chui, Cheryl; Benfer, Katherine; Zug, Sebastian; Jordan, Lucy P

2017-10-01

Hazardous child labor in Nepal is a serious concern, particularly in the brick kiln industry. Although a range of interventions have been implemented in Nepal to address hazardous child labor, there is a lack of research to both measure success and shape further development in interventions that integrate sound child protection practices to ensure the wellbeing of all children. This paper provides a review of the literature outlining interventions for children working in brick kilns in Nepal, and presents preliminary case study findings of one current intervention in the Kathmandu Valley. The paper highlights the strength of applying foundational child protection principles and advocates for the development and implementation of future programs underpinned by broad civil society principles within a child rights and protection framework. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Case studies of violations of workers' freedom of association: service sector workers.

PubMed

2001-01-01

Workers' rights violations in the United States are widespread and growing. The bulk of the National Labor Relations Board's work now involves unfair labor practices, most related to employers' violations of workers' rights. Numerous research studies document these violations. As part of its report "Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards," Human Rights Watch conducted a series of case studies in a dozen states, covering a variety of industries and employment sectors, analyzing the U.S. experience in the light of both national law and international human rights and labor rights norms. The article presented here includes a discussion of the general context of increased workers' rights violations under U.S. law and the first of the case studies: service sector workers.

29 CFR 402.2 - Labor organization initial information report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Labor organization initial information report. 402.2... LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.2 Labor organization initial information report. Every labor organization shall file a report signed by its president and...

29 CFR 402.2 - Labor organization initial information report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labor organization initial information report. 402.2... LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.2 Labor organization initial information report. Every labor organization shall file a report signed by its president and...

29 CFR 402.2 - Labor organization initial information report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Labor organization initial information report. 402.2... LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.2 Labor organization initial information report. Every labor organization shall file a report signed by its president and...

29 CFR 402.2 - Labor organization initial information report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Labor organization initial information report. 402.2... LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.2 Labor organization initial information report. Every labor organization shall file a report signed by its president and...

29 CFR 402.2 - Labor organization initial information report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Labor organization initial information report. 402.2... LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.2 Labor organization initial information report. Every labor organization shall file a report signed by its president and...

Evaluation of the DEIMS (Defense Economic Impact Modeling System) System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

AOORESS(H d~fereet m Caii~dl Offiee) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of Wd e~w Vr OUSDRE (DoD-IDA Management Office) UCASFE 1801 N. Beauregard Street UCASFE...Defense Spending Mr. Paul Dickens, PA&E Labor Demand - Dr. David Blond Conclusion - Dr. David L. Mdicol 11:00 Break SESSION III - IMPACT OF DEFENSE...presented highlights of the industrial and labor impact of defense spending during. . 1985-89. Mr. Paul Dickens then analysed trends in the I- .""L- " ’•L

Should Promotion to Captain within the United States Army Become Decentralized?

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

dimen- corder obtained during the SNOW-ONE-B sion) plot in Fig. 1. The time-consuming field experiment are presented. Some labor required for the...into two separate ’.As a means of reducing the scatter, sets; the first spanning 1610 to 2010 _ we applied a five-point-running mean to ESTr and the...the consistancies of the Fv - I relation- ships throughout the period. Because of Because of the time-consuming labor the lesser amount of snow

Hearing on the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session (Santa Fe, New Mexico).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Subcommittee on Human Resources.

Testimony given at a hearing on the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act which is scheduled to expire in September 1992 is presented in this document. An opening statement by Representative Matthew G. Martinez, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor, discusses the vulnerability of youth.…

Amendments to the Environmental Education Act of 1970. Hearings before the Select Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session on H.R.3927.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

Presented in this bulletin is the text of the hearings before the Select Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor concerning a bill to extend the Environmental Education Act of 1970 for three years (HR 3927). The hearings were held April 17, May 15 and 17, 1973, to provide an opportunity for individuals from the public,…

Student Loan Assistance Amendments of 1982. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate. Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session on S. 2655.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

Hearings of the Committee on Education and Labor on the proposed Student Loan Assistance Amendments of 1982 are presented. The bill (S. 2655) is designed to provide increased maximum limitations for student loans under Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 for certain students who lost benefits under the Social Security Act as a…

Aliens in irregular status in the United States: a review of their numbers, characteristics, and role in the U.S. labor market.

PubMed

Houstoun, M F

1983-01-01

A general review of international migration to the United States is first presented. The analysis then focuses on aliens in irregular status in the United States, including the size of the illegal alien population, the intention of migrants to stay or to return, migrant characteristics, and the role of migrants in the U.S. labor market. The main concern of the paper is with illegal migration from Mexico. (summary in FRE, SPA)

College Opportunity Act of 1978. Joint Hearing Before the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session on S. 2539 (February 9, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

The transcript of joint hearings on college assistance legislation before the Senate Committee on Human Resources and the House Committee on Education and Labor is presented. The hearings concern amendment of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to improve the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant (BEOG) program. Witnesses included Joseph A. Califano,…

STEM crisis or STEM surplus? Yes and yes.

PubMed

Xue, Yi; Larson, Richard C

2015-05-01

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recruiters, reveals a significant heterogeneity in the STEM labor market: the academic sector is generally oversupplied, while the government sector and private industry have shortages in specific areas.

STEM crisis or STEM surplus? Yes and yes

PubMed Central

Xue, Yi; Larson, Richard C.

2018-01-01

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recruiters, reveals a significant heterogeneity in the STEM labor market: the academic sector is generally oversupplied, while the government sector and private industry have shortages in specific areas. PMID:29422698

Contemporary immigration: theoretical perspectives on its determinants and modes of incorporation.

PubMed

Portes, A; Borocz, J

1989-01-01

This article reviews conventional theories about different aspects of labor migration: its origins, stability over time, and patterns of migrant settlement. For each of these aspects, the authors provide alternative explanatory hypotheses derived from the notions of increasing articulation of the international system and the social embeddedness of its various subprocesses, including labor flows. A typology of sources and outcomes of contemporary immigration is presented as a heuristic device to organize the diversity of such movements as described in the empirical literature.

29 CFR 402.7 - Effect of acknowledgment and filing by the Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Management Standards. 402.7 Section 402.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.7 Effect of acknowledgment and filing by the Office of Labor-Management Standards. Acknowledgment by the...

29 CFR 402.7 - Effect of acknowledgment and filing by the Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-Management Standards. 402.7 Section 402.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.7 Effect of acknowledgment and filing by the Office of Labor-Management Standards. Acknowledgment by the...

Presentation to delivery interval in women with early preterm delivery presenting with preterm labor: the effect of gestational age.

PubMed

Ashwal, Eran; Shinar, Shiri; Wertheimer, Avital; Reina, Luciena; Miremberg, Hadas; Aviram, Amir; Yogev, Yariv; Hiersch, Liran

2017-10-01

To evaluate the association between gestational age at presentation and interval to delivery in women with early spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD). A retrospective cohort study of women who presented with threatened preterm labor (tPTL) and intact membranes and had a spontaneous PTD <34 weeks in a university-affiliated hospital (2009-2015). The interval from presentation to delivery was compared between different gestational age subgroups. Of 67 550 deliveries during the study period, 252 met inclusion criteria. This cohort was divided to three gestational age subgroups at presentation: 24-28 6/7 weeks (n = 83), 29-31 6/7 weeks (n = 61) and 32-33 6/7 weeks (n = 108). Median time from presentation to delivery was 24.5 h. An inverse relation was observed between gestational age at presentation and admission-delivery interval (group A: 74.7 h, group B: 21.0 h, group C: 14.0 h, p < 0.001). Gestational age at presentation is inversely related to admission-delivery interval in women with tPTL and intact membranes.

[Life-style of medical personnel dwelling and working in agroindustrial area].

PubMed

Sorokina, M G; Kamaev, I A

2005-01-01

Results of sociological survey of medical personnel of typical agroindustrial area of Novgorod Oblast are presented. Data of self-registration of acute and chronic diseases and self-appraisal of one's health testify higher morbidity and health deterioration during last 3 years. Analysis of demographic characteristics, life-styles and labor conditions revealed complex of major factors impacting individual health and flow-out of professional medical personnel. Both amount of average monthly wage of physicians and paramedics, levels of their family income and welfare and as well degree of their inconsistence with cost of living of able-bodied population are established. Conditions of living and social maintenance, labor and off-labor activity, attitude to one's own health and spread of risk factors were analyzed. Management weaknesses of district and rural patient care institutions were established, including considerable exceeding of hygienic regulations established for medical personnel working load and higher spread of physical, chemical and biological risk factors of working environment harmful for health. Need in further enhancement of management of working process, occupational safety, labor remuneration and in increasing social safety, hygienic and curative activity of medical personnel is justified.

29 CFR 458.2 - Bill of rights of members of labor organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bill of rights of members of labor organizations. 458.2 Section 458.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF... § 458.2 Bill of rights of members of labor organizations. (a)(1) Equal rights. Every member of a labor...

29 CFR 458.2 - Bill of rights of members of labor organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bill of rights of members of labor organizations. 458.2 Section 458.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF... § 458.2 Bill of rights of members of labor organizations. (a)(1) Equal rights. Every member of a labor...

29 CFR 500.41 - Farm labor contractor is responsible for actions of his farm labor contractor employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., prior to such employee's engagement in any activity enumerated in section 3(6) of the Act. A farm labor... farm labor contractor employee. 500.41 Section 500.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... PROTECTION Registration of Farm Labor Contractors and Employees of Farm Labor Contractors Engaged in Farm...

29 CFR 500.41 - Farm labor contractor is responsible for actions of his farm labor contractor employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., prior to such employee's engagement in any activity enumerated in section 3(6) of the Act. A farm labor... farm labor contractor employee. 500.41 Section 500.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... PROTECTION Registration of Farm Labor Contractors and Employees of Farm Labor Contractors Engaged in Farm...

29 CFR 403.3 - Form of annual financial report-detailed report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Form of annual financial report-detailed report. 403.3 Section 403.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.3 Form of annual financial report—detailed report. Every labor...

29 CFR 403.3 - Form of annual financial report-detailed report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Form of annual financial report-detailed report. 403.3 Section 403.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.3 Form of annual financial report—detailed report. Every labor...

29 CFR 403.3 - Form of annual financial report-detailed report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Form of annual financial report-detailed report. 403.3 Section 403.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.3 Form of annual financial report—detailed report. Every labor...

29 CFR 403.3 - Form of annual financial report-detailed report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Form of annual financial report-detailed report. 403.3 Section 403.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.3 Form of annual financial report—detailed report. Every labor...

29 CFR 403.3 - Form of annual financial report-detailed report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Form of annual financial report-detailed report. 403.3 Section 403.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.3 Form of annual financial report—detailed report. Every labor...

29 CFR 417.8 - Appearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Appearances. 417.8 Section 417.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.8 - Appearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Appearances. 417.8 Section 417.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.7 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Transcript. 417.7 Section 417.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.8 - Appearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appearances. 417.8 Section 417.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.8 - Appearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Appearances. 417.8 Section 417.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.7 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Transcript. 417.7 Section 417.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.7 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Transcript. 417.7 Section 417.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.8 - Appearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Appearances. 417.8 Section 417.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.7 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Transcript. 417.7 Section 417.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 417.7 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Transcript. 417.7 Section 417.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution...

29 CFR 408.5 - Annual financial report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... organization, shall file with the Office of Labor-Management Standards on behalf of the subordinate labor... by the president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers of the labor organization which...

Incidence and outcomes of dystocia in the active phase of labor in term nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset.

PubMed

Kjaergaard, Hanne; Olsen, Jørn; Ottesen, Bent; Dykes, Anna-Karin

2009-01-01

To estimate the incidence of dystocia among nulliparous women without apparent co-morbidity and to examine maternal and fetal short-term outcomes after dystocia. A multi-center cohort study with prospectively collected data. Nine obstetric departments with annual birth rates between 850 and 5,400. Low-risk nulliparous women in term spontaneous labor with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation. Follow-up of 2,810 nulliparas using self-administered questionnaires supplemented with clinical records. CRITERIA FOR DYSTOCIA: Cervical dilatation < or =2 cm over four hours during the first stage of labor or no descent during two hours (three hours with epidural analgesia) in the descending phase of second stage or no progress for one hour during the expulsive phase of the second stage. Inclusion took place between May 2004 and July 2005. Incidences of dystocia, maternal, and fetal outcomes. The cumulative incidence of dystocia was 37% and of the diagnoses 61% were given in the second stage of labor. Women with dystocia treated by augmentation had more cesarean and ventouse deliveries, more often non-clear amniotic fluid, more post-partum hemorrhage and their children were more often given low one-minute neonatal Apgar scores as compared to women delivered without a diagnosis of dystocia. A dystocia incidence of 37% was found in healthy term nulliparas with no indication for induction or elective cesarean delivery. The adverse maternal and neonatal birth outcomes may be related to the cause of dystocia or to augmentation of labor and this question calls for further studies.

29 CFR 452.58 - Self-nomination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Self-nomination. 452.58 Section 452.58 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT...

29 CFR 402.5 - Terminal reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., shall be filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards within 30 days of the effective date of... Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.5 Terminal reports. (a) Any labor organization required to...

29 CFR 402.5 - Terminal reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., shall be filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards within 30 days of the effective date of... Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION INFORMATION REPORTS § 402.5 Terminal reports. (a) Any labor organization required to...

29 CFR 417.5 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Notice. 417.5 Section 417.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution and Bylaws...

29 CFR 417.5 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Notice. 417.5 Section 417.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution and Bylaws...

29 CFR 417.5 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Notice. 417.5 Section 417.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution and Bylaws...

29 CFR 417.5 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notice. 417.5 Section 417.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution and Bylaws...

29 CFR 417.5 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Notice. 417.5 Section 417.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine Adequacy of Constitution and Bylaws...

Birth risk indicators for maternal and neonatal health: Songkla Center Hospital perspective.

PubMed

Kaewsuksai, Peeranan; Chandeying, Verapol

2012-02-01

The aim of the present study was to examine the maternal and neonatal birth risk indicator and their relationship with the outcome of pregnancy. This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a selective month of 2008, 2009, and 2010. The birth risk indicators of maternal and neonatal health were collected from the medical records. There were 385, 349 and 334 deliveries in a selective month of 2008, 2009, and 2010. There was neither maternal mortality, nor cardiovascular failure in the present study period. Three main indication of inductions of labor were premature rupture of membrane (up to 4.0%), diabetes mellitus (up to 2.0%), and postdate (up to 1.3%). The first two conditions had statistical significance in September 2009 (p = 0.0334 and 0.0053 respectively). Whereas, the three major indications of cesarean section were previous cesarean section (12.5 to 21.9%), failure to progress due to protracted/arrest of labor pattern with/without rupture of membrane and augmented labor (2.4 to 7.5%), and fetal distress (1.1 to 4.2%). The rates of low birth weight, less than 2,500 grams, were varied from 5.2 to 6.9%. The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) related to repeat cesarean section was encountered up to 3.6%, as well as the RDS related to induction of labor was up to 1.6%. The birth risk indicators reflect the outcome of pregnancy, however the development of additional key indicators for perinatal health care outcome are required.

Globalization of the economy and women's work in a sustainable society.

PubMed

Mies, M

1998-01-01

This article critiques theories of development and growth models, which are not compatible with conservation of resources, women's empowerment, and a sustainable society. Affluent societies are using up most of the world's resources in unsustainable ways. Industrial giants have co-opted the term "sustainability." This gender discussion addresses the issue of patriarchal and capitalist systems and presents a new theoretical framework. The author disagrees with the global division of labor, where women are manipulated as producer-housewives and consumer-housewives, and with the global level of violence against women, in general. Gender equality is not viable in the present patriarchal order. In all economic theories, women's work is a free resource and invisible as unpaid housework and nurturing work. The globalization of the economy leads to greater capital and power concentration in the hands of a few. Women are ill served by structural adjustment policies. New global restructuring has improved the welfare of Third World elites. Globalization of capital and new technology makes ethics obsolete. A new economic model must be based on the preservation of life at the center, with livelihood based on wage labor and unpaid work, control of communal assets, and solidarity of communities. Unpaid necessary social labor must be shared by men and women equally. The checklist for change includes, for example, that money would be a means of circulation, not of accumulation. Nature would be reintegrated into economics. There must be new meanings for work, productive labor, economics, the good life, satisfaction of needs, and political structures.

29 CFR 401.16 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Secretary. 401.16 Section 401.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.16 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Labor. ...

29 CFR 401.16 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Secretary. 401.16 Section 401.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.16 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Labor. ...

29 CFR 401.16 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Secretary. 401.16 Section 401.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.16 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Labor. ...

29 CFR 401.16 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Secretary. 401.16 Section 401.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.16 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Labor. ...

29 CFR 401.16 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Secretary. 401.16 Section 401.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.16 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Labor. ...

29 CFR 404.7 - Maintenance and retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from which the documents filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards may be verified, explained... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.7 Maintenance and retention of...

29 CFR 404.7 - Maintenance and retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from which the documents filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards may be verified, explained... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.7 Maintenance and retention of...

29 CFR 404.7 - Maintenance and retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... from which the documents filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards may be verified, explained... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.7 Maintenance and retention of...

29 CFR 404.7 - Maintenance and retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... from which the documents filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards may be verified, explained... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.7 Maintenance and retention of...

29 CFR 404.7 - Maintenance and retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from which the documents filed with the Office of Labor-Management Standards may be verified, explained... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.7 Maintenance and retention of...

75 FR 27366 - OLMS Listens: Office of Labor-Management Standards Stakeholder Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA), specifically with regard to the scope of the... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Office of Labor-Management Standards OLMS Listens: Office of Labor-Management Standards Stakeholder Meeting AGENCY: Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of Labor. ACTION...

Children and teenagers working in artistic labor: Brazilian situation and international examples.

PubMed

Cavalcante, S R; Vilela, R A V

2012-01-01

This descriptive study about children and adolescents artistic labor verifies the applicable legislation, in Brazil, regarding the participation of children and adolescents in the entertainment industry and in advertising campaigns, as well as the judicial processes about the theme known by the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice up to October, 2010. The results permit to conclude that, due to the lack of specific regulation and general rule of child labor prohibition, the restrictions that tend to protect the health and security of children and adolescents that act in the artistic niche (television, advertising, fashion, movies etc.) have been, in Brazil, at subjective criteria of the judges and, in many cases, in the hands of producers themselves. Brief considerations on how other countries regulate the theme are also presented (the USA, Portugal and Argentina).

29 CFR 453.25 - Effective date of the bonding requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective date of the bonding requirement. 453.25 Section 453.25 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT...

29 CFR 453.25 - Effective date of the bonding requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effective date of the bonding requirement. 453.25 Section 453.25 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT...

29 CFR 401.9 - Labor organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labor organization. 401.9 Section 401.9 Labor Regulations... MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.9 Labor organization. Labor organization means a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce and includes any organization of any kind, any agency...

29 CFR 452.14 - Newly formed or merged labor organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 452.14 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT... identity the terms of its officers may not be extended beyond the maximum period specified by the Act for...

29 CFR 552.108 - Child labor provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Child labor provisions. 552.108 Section 552.108 Labor... OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO DOMESTIC SERVICE Interpretations § 552.108 Child labor provisions. Congress made no change in section 12 as regards domestic service employees. Accordingly, the child labor...

29 CFR 552.108 - Child labor provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Child labor provisions. 552.108 Section 552.108 Labor... OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO DOMESTIC SERVICE Interpretations § 552.108 Child labor provisions. Congress made no change in section 12 as regards domestic service employees. Accordingly, the child labor...

29 CFR 552.108 - Child labor provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Child labor provisions. 552.108 Section 552.108 Labor... OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO DOMESTIC SERVICE Interpretations § 552.108 Child labor provisions. Congress made no change in section 12 as regards domestic service employees. Accordingly, the child labor...

29 CFR 552.108 - Child labor provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Child labor provisions. 552.108 Section 552.108 Labor... OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO DOMESTIC SERVICE Interpretations § 552.108 Child labor provisions. Congress made no change in section 12 as regards domestic service employees. Accordingly, the child labor...

29 CFR 552.108 - Child labor provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Child labor provisions. 552.108 Section 552.108 Labor... OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO DOMESTIC SERVICE Interpretations § 552.108 Child labor provisions. Congress made no change in section 12 as regards domestic service employees. Accordingly, the child labor...

29 CFR 401.18 - Office.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Office. 401.18 Section 401.18 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.18 Office. Office means the Office of Labor-Management Standards...

29 CFR 403.11 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false OMB control number. 403.11 Section 403.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.11 OMB control number. The collecting of information...

How to Tell When Labor Begins

MedlinePlus

... labor? • How can I tell the difference between true labor and false labor? What happens when labor ... Your uterus may contract off and on before “true” labor begins. These irregular contractions are called false ...

29 CFR 780.315 - Local hand harvest laborers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Local hand harvest laborers. 780.315 Section 780.315 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL...) Statutory Provisions § 780.315 Local hand harvest laborers. (a) A requirement of the exemption is that an...

29 CFR 1202.14 - Labor members of Adjustment Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labor members of Adjustment Board. 1202.14 Section 1202.14 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD RULES OF PROCEDURE § 1202.14 Labor members of Adjustment Board. Section 3, First, (f) of title I of the Railway Labor Act relating to...

29 CFR 452.41 - Working at the trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Working at the trade. 452.41 Section 452.41 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Candidacy for Office;...

75 FR 67121 - Establishment of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-01

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Establishment of the Bureau of Labor Statistics..., the Secretary of Labor has determined that the establishment of the Bureau of Labor Statistics... performance of duties imposed upon the Commissioner of Labor Statistics by 29 U.S.C. 1 and 2. This...

77 FR 64829 - Renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical... of Labor has determined that the renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory... upon the Commissioner of Labor Statistics by 29 U.S.C. 1 and 2. This determination follows consultation...

[The dynamics of manpower in Kuwait: a dilemma for a petroleum-exporting country].

PubMed

Hosni, D; Sirageldin, I

1985-01-01

The case of Kuwait illustrates that development as an economic phenomenon cannot be fully understood without reference to demographic determinants. Kuwait, like other Gulf oil-exporting states, is strongly dependent on foreign labor both qualitatively and quantitatively, but is attempting to nationalize the labor force and orient the national economy toward autonomous growth. 47% of Kuwait's population is under 15 years old, and the economic activity rate of only 19.4% is the lowest of any Arab country. Female participation increased from 2.5% in 1965 to 13.3% at present. 20 years ago, 70% of the labor force was Kuwaiti, but in 1980, 78% of workers were foreign although foreigners represented only 60% of the total population. Beginning in 1978, immigration was viewed much less favorably in Kuwait and the process of Kuwaitization, or replacing foreign workers with Kuwaiti nationals, was begun. An analysis of the labor force in terms of stocks and flows as well as of the structure of employment and productivity in the context of Kuwait's economic growth indicates that constraints in labor force growth will vary in intensity depending on the policies adopted; foreign workers could be admitted but not their family members, foreign workers could be replaced by nationals whenever possible, a higher labor force participation rate among nationals could be promoted, population growth could be encouraged, a more highly qualified native labor force could be trained, or a more capital intensive technology could be imported to reduce dependence on foreign workers. With a total fertility rate around 7.0, it is difficult to envision a significantly increased fertility level in Kuwait, and the fertility level in fact will probably decline under pressure of modernization. The crude death rate of 4.6/1000 in 1982 is also very low. Nationalization of the labor force implies a significant loss of productivity, since the government is maintaining a policy of providing jobs for all nationals regardless of their qualifications. Although development of Kuwaiti manpower is a longterm policy, the Kuwaitization of the labor force is erroneously viewed as a shortterm objective. Kuwaitis are underrepresented in technical jobs requiring university training in science and mathematics, and in skilled and semiskilled manual jobs. An educational reform permitting Kuwait to respond to future labor force needs will be required. Nonparticipation of women effectively reduces the economically active group by 1/2, and retirement at age 45 also aggravates labor shortages. Simulation exercises indicate that Kuwait must rely on foreign labor for many years to come. It appears that substitution of local for foreign workers will be at the price of lowered productivity and slower economic development. Naturalization of some foreign workers might help solve the problem, but for reasons of political stability almost no foreigners except unskilled Beduin Arabs receive Kuwaiti citizenship.

The association of pain with labor force participation, absenteeism, and presenteeism in Spain.

PubMed

Langley, Paul C; Tornero Molina, Jesús; Margarit Ferri, César; Pérez Hernández, Concepción; Tejedor Varillas, Alejandro; Ruiz-Iban, Miguel Angel

2011-01-01

The aims of this paper are to generate estimates of the association between the severity and frequency of pain in Spain and (i) labor force participation and workforce status and (ii) patterns of absenteeism and presenteeism for the employed workforce. Data are from the internet-based 2010 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). This survey covers both those who report experiencing pain in the last month as well as the no-pain population. An estimated 17.25% of adults in Spain report experiencing pain in the past month. A series of regression models are developed with the no-pain group as the reference category. The impact of pain, categorized by severity and frequency, is assessed within a labor supply framework for (i) labor force participation and (ii) absenteeism and presenteeism. Both binomial and multinomial logistic models are estimated. The results demonstrate that severe and moderate pain has a significant, substantive, and negative association with labor force participation and, together with the experience of mild pain, a substantive impact on absenteeism and presenteeism within the employed workforce. Compared to no-pain controls, the strongest association is seen in the case of severe pain, notably severe daily pain and labor force participation (odds ratio 0.363; 95% CI: 0.206-0.637). The association of severe pain with labor force participation is also significant (odds ratio 0.356; 95% CI: 0.217-0.585). There is a clear gradient in the association of pain severity and frequency with labor force participation. The impact of pain is far greater than the potential impact of other health status measures (e.g., chronic comorbidities and BMI). Labor force participation is also adversely associated with pain experience. Persons reporting severe daily pain are far more likely not to be in the labor force (relative probabilities 0.339 vs 0.611). The experience of pain, notably severe and frequent pain, also outstrips the impact of other health status factors in absenteeism and presenteeism. In the former case, the odds ratio associated with severe daily pain is 16.216 (95% CI: 5.127-51.283), which contrasts to the odds ratio for the Charlson comorbidity index of 1.460 (95%CI: 1.279-1.666). Similar results hold for presenteeism. The contribution of moderate and mild pain to absenteeism and presenteeism is more marked than for labor force participation. The experience of pain, in particular severe daily pain, has a substantial negative impact both on labor force participation in Spain as well as reported absenteeism and presenteeism. As a measure of health status, it clearly has an impact that outstrips other health status measures. Whether or not pain is considered as a disease in its own right, the experience of chronic pain, as defined here, presents policy-makers with a major challenge. Programs to relieve the burden of pain in the community clearly have the potential for substantial benefits from societal, individual, and employer perspectives.

Labor market segmentation and relative black/white teenage birth rates.

PubMed

Mccrate, E

1990-01-01

"Teenage mothers typically have lower educational attainment than other women. Most observers have argued that this is a major reason for their greater risk of poverty. This article takes the opposite view: that circumstances associated with poverty contribute to a greater likelihood of teenage childbearing. In particular, poor educational quality and the chances of secondary sector employment are more common for black women, regardless of their age at first birth. Hence the payoffs to education may be quite low for these women, which may be the reason for early motherhood. This argument is presented in terms of segmented labor market theory. Data to support it is presented from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Other common explanations of teenage motherhood are critiqued." excerpt

Labor patterns in women attempting vaginal birth after cesarean with normal neonatal outcomes.

PubMed

Grantz, Katherine L; Gonzalez-Quintero, Victor; Troendle, James; Reddy, Uma M; Hinkle, Stefanie N; Kominiarek, Michelle A; Lu, Zhaohui; Zhang, Jun

2015-08-01

We sought to describe labor patterns in women with a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) with normal neonatal outcomes. In a retrospective observational study at 12 US centers (2002 through 2008), we examined time interval for each centimeter of cervical dilation and compared labor progression stratified by spontaneous or induced labor in 2892 multiparous women with TOLAC (second delivery) and 56,301 nulliparous women at 37 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation. Analyses were performed including women with intrapartum cesarean delivery, and also limiting only to women who delivered vaginally. Labor was induced in 23.4% of TOLAC and 44.1% of nulliparous women (P < .001). Cesarean delivery rates were 57.7% in TOLAC vs 19.0% in nulliparous women (P < .001). Oxytocin was used in 52.4% of TOLAC vs 64.3% of nulliparous women with spontaneous labor (P < .001) and 89.8% of TOLAC vs 91.6% of nulliparous women with induced labor (P = .099); however, TOLAC had lower maximum doses of oxytocin compared to nulliparous women: median (90th percentile): 6 (18) mU/min vs 12 (28) mU/min, respectively (P < .001). Median (95th percentile) labor duration for TOLAC vs nulliparous women with spontaneous labor from 4-10 cm was 0.9 (2.2) hours longer (P = .007). For women who entered labor spontaneously and achieved vaginal delivery, labor patterns for TOLAC were similar to nulliparous women. For induced labor, labor duration for TOLAC vs nulliparous women from 4-10 cm was 1.5 (4.6) hours longer (P < .001). For women who achieved vaginal delivery, labor patterns were slower for induced TOLAC compared to nulliparous women. Labor duration for TOLAC was slower compared to nulliparous labor, particularly for induced labor. By improved understanding of the rates of progress at different points in labor, this new information on labor curves in women undergoing TOLAC, particularly for induction, should help physicians when managing labor. Published by Elsevier Inc.

29 CFR 452.7 - Bill of Rights, title I.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bill of Rights, title I. 452.7 Section 452.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Other Provisions of the Act...

29 CFR 408.6 - Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate labor organization. 408.6 Section 408.6 Labor Regulations... LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.6 Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report...

29 CFR 408.6 - Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate labor organization. 408.6 Section 408.6 Labor Regulations... LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.6 Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report...

29 CFR 408.6 - Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate labor organization. 408.6 Section 408.6 Labor Regulations... LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.6 Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report...

29 CFR 408.6 - Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate labor organization. 408.6 Section 408.6 Labor Regulations... LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.6 Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report...

29 CFR 408.6 - Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report filed by or on behalf of the subordinate labor organization. 408.6 Section 408.6 Labor Regulations... LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.6 Amendments to the Labor Organization Information Report...

29 CFR 453.23 - Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year. 453.23 Section 453.23 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.23 - Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year. 453.23 Section 453.23 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.23 - Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year. 453.23 Section 453.23 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.23 - Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year. 453.23 Section 453.23 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.23 - Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Persons becoming subject to bonding requirements during fiscal year. 453.23 Section 453.23 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

77 FR 65585 - Renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Data Users Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-29

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Data..., the Secretary of Labor has determined that the renewal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Data Users... duties imposed upon the Commissioner of Labor Statistics by 29 U.S.C. 1 and 2. This determination follows...

A role for CXCL13 (BCA-1) in pregnancy and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation

PubMed Central

Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling; Romero, Roberto; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Gotsch, Francesca; Edwin, Samuel S.; Erez, Offer; Mittal, Pooja; Kim, Chong Jai; Kim, Mi Jeong; Espinoza, Jimmy; Friel, Lara A.; Vaisbuch, Edi; Than, Nandor Gabor; Mazaki-Tovi, Shali; Hassan, Sonia S.

2011-01-01

Objective CXCL13 is a potent chemokine, produced by mature and recently recruited macrophages to sites of inflammation, which has anti-microbial and anti-angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CXCL13 is present in maternal serum, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid (AF); if AF concentration changes with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI); and localize the production of CXCL13 in chorio-amniotic membranes and umbilical cord. Study design A cross-sectional study on maternal serum was performed including patients in the following groups: 1) non-pregnant women (n=20); 2) normal pregnant women (n=49); 3) patients at term not in labor (n=30); and 4) patients in spontaneous labor at term (n=29). Umbilical cord blood was collected from term neonates with (n=30) and without labor (n=28). Amniotic fluid was attained from patients in the following groups: 1) midtrimester (n=65); 2) term not in labor (n=22); 3) term in labor (n=47); 4) preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes leading to term delivery (n=70); and 5) PTL leading to preterm delivery with IAI (n=79) and without IAI (n=60). CXCL13 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Chorio-amniotic membranes and umbilical cords were examined with immunohistochemistry. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. Results 1) CXCL13 was present in 100% of serum and cord blood samples, and 99% of AF samples (339/343); 2) Serum CXCL13 concentration was significantly higher in pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant women [median 313.3 pg/mL (IQR: 197.2–646.9) vs. 40.5 pg/mL (IQR: 29.5–93.5), respectively; p<0.001]; 3) Serum CXCL13 concentration decreases with advancing gestational age (Spearman’s rho = −0.424; p<0.001); 4) There were no significant differences in the median serum CXCL13 concentration between women at term with and without labor [371.6 pg/mL (IQR: 194.3–614.3) vs. 235.1 pg/mL (IQR: 182.8–354.7), respectively; p=0.6]; 5) The concentration of CXCL13 in AF did not change with gestational age (p=0.11); 6) Patients with PTL and delivery with IAI had a significantly higher median concentration of CXCL13 than those without IAI [median 513.2 pg/mL (199.7–2505.5) vs 137.3 pg/mL (96.7–209.6), respectively; p<0.001] and those who delivered at term [133.7 pg/mL (97.8–174.8); p<0.001]; 7) Spontaneous labor did not result in a change in the median AF concentration of CXCL13 [labor: 86.9 pg/mL (55.6–152) vs no labor: 77.8 pg/mL (68–98); p=0.75]; 8) CXCL13 was immunolocalized to macrophages in fetal membranes and umbilical vein. Conclusions 1) We report for the first time the presence of CXCL13 in AF; 2) AF CXCL13 concentrations are dramatically increased in intra-amniotic infection/inflammation; 3) Unlike other chemokines, AF and serum CXCL13 concentrations did not change with spontaneous parturition. PMID:19031272

76 FR 48901 - Office of Trade and Labor Affairs; National Advisory Committee for Labor Provisions of U.S. Free...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-09

...Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), as amended, 5. U.S.C. App. 2, the Office of Trade and Labor Affairs (OTLA) gives notice of a meeting of the National Advisory Committee for Labor Provisions of U.S. Free Trade Agreements (``Committee'' or ``NAC''), which was established by the Secretary of Labor. The purpose of the meeting is to provide advice to the Secretary of Labor through the Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) concerning the implementation of the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC)--the labor side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)--and the labor provisions of free trade agreements.

Mathematic model of regional economy development by the final result of labor resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaitseva, Irina; Malafeev, Oleg; Strekopytov, Sergei; Bondarenko, Galina; Lovyannikov, Denis

2018-04-01

This article presents the mathematic model of regional economy development based on the result of labor resources. The solution of a region development-planning problem is considered for the period of long-lasting planning taking into account the beginning and the end of the planned period. The challenge is to find the distribution of investments in the main and additional branches of the regional economy, which will provide simultaneous transaction of all major sectors of the regional economy from the given condition to the predetermined final state.

Step 1: Offers All Birthing Mothers Unrestricted Access to Birth Companions, Labor Support, Professional Midwifery Care

PubMed Central

Leslie, Mayri Sagady; Storton, Sharon

2007-01-01

The first step of the Ten Steps of Mother-Friendly Care insures that women have access to a wide variety of support in labor and during the pregnancy and postpartum periods: unrestricted access to birth companions of their choice, including family and friends; unrestricted access to continuous emotional and physical support from a skilled woman such as a doula; and access to midwifery care. The rationales for the importance of each factor and the evidence to support those rationales are presented. PMID:18523678

Current Issues in Workers' Compensation. Papers Presented at a Conference Sponsored by the Institute of Management and Labor Relations and the Bureau of Economic Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey; the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; and the Economics Department, University of Connecticut (New Brunswick, NJ, 1983).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chelius, James, Ed.

This volume includes the following conference papers: "The Status and Direction of Workers' Compensation" (James R. Chelius); "The Minnesota Experience with Workers' Compensation Reform" (Steve Keefe); "The 1982 Changes in California" (Alan Tebb); "Two Rounds of Workers' Compensation Reform in Michigan" (H.…

Comprehensive Child Development Act of 1971. Part 3. (Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Employment, Manpower, and Poverty and the Subcommittee on Children and Youth of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session on S.1512)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.

This document presents Part Three (pages 673-930) of the joint hearings held May 27 and June 16, 1971 before two subcommittees of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. The hearings were designed to amend the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 to provide for a comprehensive child development program in the department of Health, Education and…

75 FR 28785 - Visiting Committee on Advanced Technology

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

... business, research, new product development, engineering, labor, education, management consulting... include an update on NIST; presentations on NIST progress in documentary standards for Smart Grid...

29 CFR 452.54 - Retroactive rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT... of the requirement. It would be unreasonable for a labor organization to enforce eligibility...

29 CFR 452.54 - Retroactive rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT... of the requirement. It would be unreasonable for a labor organization to enforce eligibility...

Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and job satisfaction among physicians in Greece

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background There is increasing evidence that psychological constructs, such as emotional intelligence and emotional labor, play an important role in various organizational outcomes in service sector. Recently, in the “emotionally charged” healthcare field, emotional intelligence and emotional labor have both emerged as research tools, rather than just as theoretical concepts, influencing various organizational parameters including job satisfaction. The present study aimed at investigating the relationships, direct and/or indirect, between emotional intelligence, the surface acting component of emotional labor, and job satisfaction in medical staff working in tertiary healthcare. Methods Data were collected from 130 physicians in Greece, who completed a series of self-report questionnaires including: a) the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, which assessed the four dimensions of emotional intelligence, i.e. Self-Emotion Appraisal, Others’ Emotion Appraisal, Use of Emotion, and Regulation of Emotion, b) the General Index of Job Satisfaction, and c) the Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (surface acting component). Results Emotional intelligence (Use of Emotion dimension) was significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=.42, p<.001), whereas a significant negative correlation between surface acting and job satisfaction was observed (r=−.39, p<.001). Furthermore, Self-Emotion Appraisal was negatively correlated with surface acting (r=−.20, p<.01). Self-Emotion Appraisal was found to influence job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through surface acting, while this indirect effect was moderated by gender. Apart from its mediating role, surface acting was also a moderator of the emotional intelligence-job satisfaction relationship. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that surface acting could predict job satisfaction over and above emotional intelligence dimensions. Conclusions The results of the present study may contribute to the better understanding of emotion-related parameters that affect the work process with a view to increasing the quality of service in the health sector. PMID:23244390

29 CFR 453.15 - The meaning of funds handled “during the preceding fiscal year”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false The meaning of funds handled âduring the preceding fiscal yearâ. 453.15 Section 453.15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.15 - The meaning of funds handled “during the preceding fiscal year”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false The meaning of funds handled âduring the preceding fiscal yearâ. 453.15 Section 453.15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.15 - The meaning of funds handled “during the preceding fiscal year”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false The meaning of funds handled âduring the preceding fiscal yearâ. 453.15 Section 453.15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.15 - The meaning of funds handled “during the preceding fiscal year”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false The meaning of funds handled âduring the preceding fiscal yearâ. 453.15 Section 453.15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

29 CFR 453.15 - The meaning of funds handled “during the preceding fiscal year”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false The meaning of funds handled âduring the preceding fiscal yearâ. 453.15 Section 453.15 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND...

Family Issues for the Nineties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mirabelli, Alan

This presentation reviews the characteristics of the Canadian family at present. Discussion focuses on divorce, family structure, reproductive technology, fertility, family size, family mobility, family support, government role, women's participation in the labor force, daily family routines, television viewing, work and the family, the need for…

29 CFR 452.36 - Reasonableness of qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING... * * *.’ This conclusion is buttressed by other provisions of the Act which stress freedom of members to...

29 CFR 452.36 - Reasonableness of qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING... * * *.’ This conclusion is buttressed by other provisions of the Act which stress freedom of members to...

29 CFR 452.36 - Reasonableness of qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING... * * *.’ This conclusion is buttressed by other provisions of the Act which stress freedom of members to...

29 CFR 452.36 - Reasonableness of qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING... * * *.’ This conclusion is buttressed by other provisions of the Act which stress freedom of members to...

29 CFR 417.6 - Powers of Administrative Law Judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF LOCAL LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS Procedures To Determine... request for information or documentary evidence, or for contumacious conduct; (k) To grant continuances or...

Judicious use of oxytocin augmentation for the management of prolonged labor.

PubMed

Rossen, Janne; Østborg, Tilde B; Lindtjørn, Elsa; Schulz, Jørn; Eggebø, Torbjørn M

2016-03-01

A protocol including judicious use of oxytocin augmentation was investigated to determine whether it would change how oxytocin was used and eventually influence labor and fetal outcomes. The population of this cohort study comprised 20 227 delivering women with singleton pregnancies ≥37 weeks, cephalic presentation, spontaneous or induced onset of labor, without previous cesarean section. Women delivering from 2009 to 2013 at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, were included. Data were collected prospectively. Before implementing the protocol in 2010, oxytocin augmentation was used if progression of labor was perceived as slow. After implementation, oxytocin could only be started when the cervical dilation had crossed the 4-h action line in the partograph. The overall use of oxytocin augmentation was significantly reduced from 34.9% to 23.1% (p < 0.01). The overall frequency of emergency cesarean sections decreased from 6.9% to 5.3% (p < 0.05) and the frequency of emergency cesarean sections performed due to fetal distress was reduced from 3.2% to 2.0% (p = 0.01). The rate of women with duration of labor over 12 h increased from 4.4% to 8.5% (p < 0.01) and more women experienced severe estimated postpartum hemorrhage (2.6% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.01). The frequency of children with pH <7.1 in the umbilical artery was reduced from 4.7% to 3.2% (p < 0.01). The frequency of emergency cesarean section was reduced after implementing judicious use of oxytocin augmentation. Our findings may be of interest in the ongoing discussion of how the balanced use of oxytocin for labor augmentation can best be achieved. © 2015 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Epidural analgesia during labor: a retrospective cohort study on its effects on labour, delivery and neonatal outcome.

PubMed

Hincz, Piotr; Podciechowskil, Lech; Grzesiak, Mariusz; Horzelski, Wojciech; Wilczyflski, Jan

2014-12-01

to evaluate the impact of epidural analgesia (EA) on labor delivery and neonatal status. retrospective, observational, cohort study comprising 5593 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria (singleton pregnancy cephalic presentation, 37-42 weeks of gestation). Out of them, 2496 had EA and 3097 constituted the control group. incidence of labor complications and operativd deliveries in women who received EA, neonatal status assessed by Apgar score in 1- and 5-minute, and cord pH values. Labor complications were more frequently observed in the epidural group, with an almost 1.5-fold higher incidence in nulliparous (16.32% vs. 11.29%) and 1.4-fold in multiparous women (9.86% vs. 7.08%). Stepwise logistic regression confirmed that EA is a significant risk factor for labor complications in nulliparous women (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.58) and for forceps delivery in multiparous women (5.20, 95% CI 3.31-8.177). Also, EA is an important risk factor for both, low cord arterial pH <7.10 (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.28-3.09, p=0.0023) and low Apgar score at 7 minute (OR=4.55, 95% CI 2.35-8.80, p<0.0001). Crucially there was no difference in the incidence of a low Apgar score at 5 minutes. EA constitutes an independent risk factor for operative vaginal delivery in multiparous women, but has no effect on the incidence of cesarean sections, either in nulliparous or multiparous women. EA also increases the risk of labor complications, low 1-minute Apgar score and low umbilical cord pH, but is not associated with low 5-minute Apgar score.

Complementary and alternative therapies to relieve labor pain: A comparative study between music therapy and Hoku point ice massage.

PubMed

Dehcheshmeh, Faranak Safdari; Rafiei, Hossein

2015-11-01

Pain is a common experience for women during labor. In the present study, we compared the effect of two types of non-pharmacological pain relief methods "music therapy" and "Hoku point ice massage" on the severity of labor pain. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Shahrekord, Iran, from September 2013 to June 2014. We randomly assigned 90 primiparous women who expected a normal childbirth into three groups: group "A" received music therapy, group "B" received Hoku point ice massage, and group "C" received usual labor care. At the beginning of the active phase (4 cm cervical dilation) and before and after each intervention (at dilations 4, 6, and 8 cm), the intensities of labor pain were measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). At the beginning of the active phase, the mean VAS scores were 5.58 ± 1.29, 5.42 ± 1.31, and 6.13 ± 1.37 in the women in groups "A," "B," and "C," respectively (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean pain scores were significantly lower at all of the time points in groups "A" and "B" than in group "C" women (P < 0.05). Although the pain scores showed a more decreasing trend after the intervention in group "A" than that in group "B," the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Music therapy and Hoku point ice massage are easily available and inexpensive methods and have a similar effect in relieving labor pain. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of Maintenance Therapy with Isoxsuprine in the Prevention of Preterm Labor: Randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

Alavi, Azin; Rajaee, Minoo; Amirian, Malihe; Mahboobi, Hamidreza; Jahanshahi, Keramat Allah; Faghihi, Armaghan

2015-01-01

Background: Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan) is a beta-adrenergic that directly affects the vascular smooth muscle and results in peripheral vascular dilation. Isoxsuprine relaxes the uterine smooth muscles and is used for treatment of pre-term labor and dysmenorrhea. Isoxsuprine is used extensively in hospitals and private clinics in Iran; however, few studies have reported its safety and efficacy in the prevention of pre-term labor. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of maintenance therapy with oral isoxsuprine for the prevention of pre-term labor. Methods: We undertook a blinded prospective randomized trial of 70 women with singleton pregnancies who presented in pre-term labor between 26 to 34 weeks of gestation. After arresting the contractions with intravenous magnesium sulfate, the patients were randomized into two groups, with the treatment group receiving oral isoxsuprine until 34 weeks of gestation. Response to treatment was assessed by the progression of the pregnancies in both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Our results showed that 14 (40%) of the patients in the case group and 12 (34.29%) of patients in the control group had pre-term births, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.621). Also four women (11.43%) in the case group and five women (14.29%) in the control group delivered before 34 weeks (P=0.721). Conclusion: Oral isoxsuprine was not effective as a maintenance treatment in preventing pre-term births or in delaying delivery until after 34 weeks. Larger studies are needed to identify the best treatment for pre-term labor. PMID:26396726

29 CFR 1977.16 - Notification of Secretary of Labor's determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notification of Secretary of Labor's determination. 1977.16 Section 1977.16 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) DISCRIMINATION AGAINST EMPLOYEES EXERCISING RIGHTS UNDER THE...

29 CFR 452.129 - Non-discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Non-discrimination. 452.129 Section 452.129 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.129 Non-discrimination. Further...

29 CFR 452.129 - Non-discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Non-discrimination. 452.129 Section 452.129 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.129 Non-discrimination. Further...

29 CFR 452.129 - Non-discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Non-discrimination. 452.129 Section 452.129 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.129 Non-discrimination. Further...

29 CFR 452.129 - Non-discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Non-discrimination. 452.129 Section 452.129 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.129 Non-discrimination. Further...

29 CFR 452.129 - Non-discrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Non-discrimination. 452.129 Section 452.129 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.129 Non-discrimination. Further...

20 CFR 656.16 - Labor certification applications for sheepherders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Labor certification applications for... LABOR LABOR CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT OF ALIENS IN THE UNITED STATES Labor Certification Process § 656.16 Labor certification applications for sheepherders. (a) Filing requirements and...

29 CFR 408.2 - Initial trusteeship report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... Office of Labor-Management Standards within 30 days after the imposition of any such trusteeship, a... treasurer, or corresponding principal officers, as well as by the trustees of such subordinate labor...

Diminishing availability of trial of labor after cesarean delivery in New Mexico hospitals.

PubMed

Leeman, Lawrence M; Beagle, Melissa; Espey, Eve; Ogburn, Tony; Skipper, Betty

2013-08-01

To examine the availability of trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) in New Mexico from 1998 to 2012 and maternity care providers' perception of barriers to TOLAC. Hospital maternity unit directors were surveyed regarding TOLAC availability from 1998 to 2012. Maternity care providers (obstetrician-gynecologists, certified nurse-midwives, and family medicine physicians) were surveyed in 2008 regarding resources and barriers to providing TOLAC and emergency cesarean delivery. Trial of labor after cesarean delivery was available in 100% of counties with maternity care units in 1998 (22/22); by 2008, availability decreased to 32% (7/22). After changes in national guidelines, availability increased slightly to 9 of 22 (41%) in 2012. Barriers to TOLAC included anesthesia availability (88%), hospital and medical malpractice policies (80%), malpractice cost (69%), and obstetric surgeon availability (59%). In hospitals without TOLAC services, 73% of maternity care providers indicated a surgeon could be present in the hospital within 20 minutes of the emergency delivery decision; only 43% indicated obstetric anesthesia personnel could be present within 20 minutes (P<.001). Availability of TOLAC in New Mexico has decreased dramatically. Policy changes are needed to support TOLAC access in rural and community hospitals. III.

Young Finnish Unemployed Men's Experiences of Having Participated in a Specific Active Labor Market Program.

PubMed

Björklund, Ove; Häggström, Elisabeth; Nyström, Lisbet

2017-09-01

The purpose of the present study was to describe young Finnish unemployed men's experiences of having participated in a specific active labor market program, intended to fight unemployment and offered at a resource center. Fifteen young unemployed Finnish men in the age range 18 to 27 years were interviewed face-to-face. Purposive sampling was used to increase the variation among informants. The interview texts were analyzed using both manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. The present results reported that the young men felt that they, thanks to the program at the resource center, had acquired daily routines and could ultimately believe in the future. The young men described how they now had a structure, economic support, and that they could return to their daily life. The informants also described how they could see new possibilities and believe in oneself. There is a lack of empirical studies assessing the possible impact of active labor market programs on the unemployed based on participants' own experiences. Further research is needed to describe and elucidate in more detail the effects of targeted support measures and the needs of unemployed men of different ages and living in different contexts.

Using in situ simulation to identify and resolve latent environmental threats to patient safety: case study involving operational changes in a labor and delivery ward.

PubMed

Hamman, William R; Beaudin-Seiler, Beth M; Beaubien, Jeffrey M; Gullickson, Amy M; Orizondo-Korotko, Krystyna; Gross, Amy C; Fuqua, Wayne; Lammers, Richard

2010-01-01

Since the publication of "To Err Is Human" in 1999, health care professionals have looked to high-reliability industries such as aviation for guidance on improving system safety. One of the most widely adopted aviation-derived approaches is simulation-based team training, also known as crew resource management training. In the health care domain, crew resource management training often takes place in custom-built simulation laboratories that are designed to replicate operating rooms or labor and delivery rooms. Unlike these traditional crew resource management training programs, "in situ simulation" occurs on actual patient care units, involves actual health care team members, and uses actual organization processes to train and assess team performance. During the past 24 months, our research team has conducted nearly 40 in situ simulations. In this article, we present the results from 1 such simulation: a patient who experienced a difficult labor that resulted in an emergency caesarian section and hysterectomy. During the simulation, a number of latent environmental threats to safety were identified. This article presents the latent threats and the steps that the hospital has taken to remedy them.

29 CFR 403.1 - Fiscal year for reports required by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fiscal year for reports required by this part. 403.1 Section 403.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.1 Fiscal year for reports required by this part. (a) As used in this...

29 CFR 403.1 - Fiscal year for reports required by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fiscal year for reports required by this part. 403.1 Section 403.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.1 Fiscal year for reports required by this part. (a) As used in this...

29 CFR 403.1 - Fiscal year for reports required by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fiscal year for reports required by this part. 403.1 Section 403.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.1 Fiscal year for reports required by this part. (a) As used in this...

29 CFR 403.1 - Fiscal year for reports required by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fiscal year for reports required by this part. 403.1 Section 403.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.1 Fiscal year for reports required by this part. (a) As used in this...

29 CFR 403.1 - Fiscal year for reports required by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fiscal year for reports required by this part. 403.1 Section 403.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORTS § 403.1 Fiscal year for reports required by this part. (a) As used in this...

Why Should We Care about Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beegle, Kathleen; Dehejia, Rajeev; Gatti, Roberta

2009-01-01

Despite the extensive literature on the determinants of child labor, the evidence on the consequences of child labor on outcomes such as education, labor, and health is limited. We evaluate the causal effect of child labor participation among children in school on these outcomes using panel data from Vietnam and an instrumental variables strategy.…

Labor Patterns in Women Attempting Vaginal Birth After Cesarean With Normal Neonatal Outcomes

PubMed Central

GRANTZ, Katherine L.; GONZALEZ-QUINTERO, Victor; TROENDLE, James; REDDY, Uma M.; HINKLE, Stefanie N.; KOMINIAREK, Michelle A.; LU, Zhaohui; ZHANG, Jun

2015-01-01

Objective To describe labor patterns in women with a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) with normal neonatal outcomes. Study Design In a retrospective observational study at 12 U.S. centers (2002–2008), we examined time interval for each centimeter of cervical dilation and compared labor progression stratified by spontaneous or induced labor in 2,892 multiparous women with TOLAC (second delivery) and 56,301 nulliparous women at 37 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation. Analyses were performed including women with intrapartum cesarean delivery, and then repeated limiting only to women who delivered vaginally. Results Labor was induced in 23.4% of TOLAC and 44.1% of nulliparous women (P<.001). Cesarean delivery rates were 57.7% in TOLAC versus 19.0% in nulliparous women (P<.001). Oxytocin was used in 52.4% of TOLAC versus 64.3% of nulliparous women with spontaneous labor (P<.001) and 89.8% of TOLAC versus 91.6% of nulliparous women with induced labor (P=.099); however, TOLAC had lower maximum doses of oxytocin compared to nulliparous women: median (90th percentile): 6 (18) mU/min versus 12 (28) mU/min, respectively (P<.001). Median (95th percentile) labor duration for TOLAC versus nulliparous women with spontaneous labor from 4–10cm was 0.9 (2.2) hours longer (P=.007). For women who entered labor spontaneously and achieved vaginal delivery, labor patterns for TOLAC were similar to nulliparous women. For induced labor, labor duration for TOLAC versus nulliparous women from 4–10cm was 1.5 (4.6) hours longer (P<.001). For women who achieved vaginal delivery, labor patterns were slower for induced TOLAC compared to nulliparous women. Conclusions Labor duration for TOLAC was slower compared to nulliparous labor, particularly for induced labor. By improved understanding of the rates of progress at different points in labor, this new information on labor curves in women undergoing TOLAC, particularly for induction, should help physicians when managing labor. PMID:25935774

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

29 CFR 453.22 - Prohibition of certain activities by unbonded persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....22 Section 453.22 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Miscellaneous Provisions § 453.22 Prohibition of...

29 CFR 417.21 - Transcript.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Transcript. 417.21 Section 417.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS... hearings. In the event he does so require, copies of the official transcript shall be made available upon...

48 CFR 1422.101-3 - Reporting labor disputes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reporting labor disputes... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS APPLICATION OF LABOR LAWS TO GOVERNMENT ACQUISITIONS Basic Labor Policies 1422.101-3 Reporting labor disputes. Labor disputes that may interfere with contract performance shall be reported to...

29 CFR 452.128 - Under-strength representation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Under-strength representation. 452.128 Section 452.128 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.128 Under-strength...

29 CFR 452.128 - Under-strength representation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Under-strength representation. 452.128 Section 452.128 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.128 Under-strength...

29 CFR 500.60 - Farm labor contractors' recruitment, contractual and general obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Farm labor contractors' recruitment, contractual and... labor contractors' recruitment, contractual and general obligations. The Act imposes certain specific recruitment, contractual and general obligations on farm labor contractors and farm labor contractor employees...

Work and retirement among a cohort of older men in the United States, 1966-1983.

PubMed

Hayward, M D; Grady, W R

1990-08-01

Multivariate increment-decrement working life tables are estimated for a cohort of older men in the United States for the period 1966-1983. The approach taken allows multiple processes to be simultaneously incorporated into a single model, resulting in a more realistic portrayal of a cohort's late-life labor force behavior. In addition, because the life table model is developed from multivariate hazard equations, we identify the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the potentially complex process by which the labor force career is ended. In contrast to the assumed homogeneity of previous working life table analyses, the present study shows marked differences in labor force mobility and working and nonworking life expectancy according to occupation, class of worker, education, race, and marital status. We briefly discuss the implications of these findings for inequities of access to retirement, private and public pension consumption, and future changes in the retirement process.

Comparison of Different EHG Feature Selection Methods for the Detection of Preterm Labor

PubMed Central

Alamedine, D.; Khalil, M.; Marque, C.

2013-01-01

Numerous types of linear and nonlinear features have been extracted from the electrohysterogram (EHG) in order to classify labor and pregnancy contractions. As a result, the number of available features is now very large. The goal of this study is to reduce the number of features by selecting only the relevant ones which are useful for solving the classification problem. This paper presents three methods for feature subset selection that can be applied to choose the best subsets for classifying labor and pregnancy contractions: an algorithm using the Jeffrey divergence (JD) distance, a sequential forward selection (SFS) algorithm, and a binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm. The two last methods are based on a classifier and were tested with three types of classifiers. These methods have allowed us to identify common features which are relevant for contraction classification. PMID:24454536

Occupational injury costs and alternative employment in construction trades.

PubMed

Waehrer, Geetha M; Dong, Xiuwen S; Miller, Ted; Men, Yurong; Haile, Elizabeth

2007-11-01

To present the costs of fatal and non-fatal days-away-from-work injuries in 50 construction occupations. Our results also provide indirect evidence on the cost exposure of alternative construction workers such as independent contractors, on-call or day labor, contract workers, and temporary workers. We combine data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics on average annual incidence from 2000 to 2002 with updated per-case costs from an existing cost model for occupational injuries. The Current Population Survey provides data on the percentage of alternative construction workers. Construction laborers and carpenters were the two costliest occupations, with 40% of the industry's injury costs. The 10 costliest construction occupations also have a high percentage of alternative workers. The construction industry has both a high rate of alternative employment and high costs of work injury. Alternative workers, often lacking workers' compensation, are especially exposed to injury costs.

Assimilating evidence quality at a glance using graphic display: research synthesis on labor induction.

PubMed

Fox, Caroline E; Tirlapur, Seema A; Gülmezoglu, Ahmet Metin; Souza, João Paulo; Khan, Khalid S

2012-08-01

Evidence profiled in the World Health Organization induction of labor guideline extended to 84 tables and 116 pages, which is hard to assimilate. Summarizing this evidence graphically can present information on key outcomes succinctly, illustrating where the gaps, strengths and weaknesses lie. For induction of labor, graphic representation clearly showed that evidence was lacking on maternal complications when comparing oxytocin with other agents, evidence was strong on birth within 24 h when comparing vaginal prostaglandins with placebo or no treatment, but again it was weak on uterine hyperstimulation when comparing oxytocin with vaginal prostaglandins. These graphs/plots allow readers to capture the essence of the information gathered at a glance. The use of graphical displays when interpreting and publishing data on several comparisons and outcomes is encouraged. © 2012 The Authors Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica© 2012 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Graduating High School in a Recession: Work, Education, and Home Production

PubMed Central

Hershbein, Brad J.

2012-01-01

This paper explores how high school graduate men and women vary in their behavioral responses to beginning labor market entry during a recession. In contrast with previous related literature that found a substantial negative wage impact but minimal employment impact in samples of highly educated men, the empirical evidence presented here suggests a different outcome for the less well educated, and between the sexes. Women, but not men, who graduate high school in an adverse labor market are less likely to be in the workforce for the next four years, but longer-term effects are minimal. Further, while men increase their enrollment as a short-run response to weak labor demand, women do not; instead, they appear to temporarily substitute into home production. Women’s wages are less affected then men’s, and both groups’ wages are less affected than the college graduates previously studied. PMID:22866181

Assessment of Parturition with Cervical Light-Induced Fluorescence and Uterine Electromyography

PubMed Central

Lucovnik, Miha; Kuon, Ruben J.; Garfield, Robert E.

2013-01-01

Parturition involves increasing compliance (ripening) of the uterine cervix and activation of the myometrium. These processes take place in a different time frame. Softening and shortening of the cervix starts in midpregnancy, while myometrial activation occurs relatively close to delivery. Methods currently available to clinicians to assess cervical and myometrial changes are subjective and inaccurate, which often causes misjudgments with potentially adverse consequences. The inability to reliably diagnose true preterm labor leads to unnecessary treatments, missed opportunities to improve neonatal outcome, and inherently biased research of treatments. At term, the likelihood of cesarean delivery depends on labor management, which in turn depends on accurate assessments of cervical change and myometrial contractility. Studies from our group and others show that noninvasive measurements of light-induced fluorescence (LIF) of cervical collagen and uterine electromyography (EMG) objectively detect changes in the composition of the cervix and myometrial preparedness to labor and are more reliable than clinical observations alone. We present a conceptual model of parturition constructed on cervical LIF and uterine EMG studies. We also explore how these methodologies could be helpful with managing patients experiencing preterm contractions and with optimizing labor management protocols aimed to reduce cesarean section. PMID:24187578

[Study of career motivators affecting the emotional labour of health care professionals in oncology].

PubMed

Szluha, Kornélia; Lazányi, Kornélia; Horváth, Akos; Szántó, János; Tóth, Judit; Hernádi, Zoltán; Póka, Róbert; Damjanovich, László; Garami, Zoltán; Fülöp, Balázs; Molnár, Péter

2008-03-01

In the course of their everyday work health care professionals (HCPs) often have to change their true feelings. The literature labels this performance as emotional labor. This article is presenting data on the characteristics of HCPs' most endangered by the negative consequences of emotional labor. Our simple choice question survey was conducted at Debrecen University Medical Healthcare Center with the help of 50 oncology HCPs volunteers. Nearly 90% of the HCPs examined change their true feelings in the course of work. It is very difficult to classify those threatened by the negative upshot of this emotional labor. Due to our research we found appalling differences of work motivation that were tightly interconnected with the respondents' emotional labor and their perceived role/emotional expectations. We succeeded in establishing three clusters and defining each cluster's characteristics. Figures suggest that only somewhat more than the half of the HCPs is authentic professional helper, and 45% of them does not or only slightly perceive the patients' demands concerning their work. Therefore, it is important that the work environment does not only assist the work of HCPs by professional means, but along emotional dimensions as well.

Development of termination and utilization concepts for flat conductor cables. Volume 3: Cost study comparison, flat versus round conductor cable

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A cost study comparing flat conductor cable (FCC) with small-gage wire (SGW) and conventional round conductor cable (RCC) is presented. This study was based on a vehicle wiring system consisting of 110,000 ft of conventional RCC equally divided between AWG sizes 20,22, and 24 using MIL-W-81044-type wire and MIL-C-26500 circular connectors. Basic cost data were developed on a similar-sized commercial jet airplane wiring system on a previous company R&D program in which advanced wiring techniques were carried through equivalent installations on an airplane mockup; and on data developed on typical average bundles during this program. Various cost elements included were engineering labor, operations (manufacturing) labor, material costs, and cost impact on payload. Engineering labor includes design, wiring system integration, wiring diagrams and cable assembly drawings, wire installations, and other related supporting functions such as the electronic data processing for the wiring. Operations labor includes mockup, tooling and production planning, fabrication, assembly, installation, and quality control cost impact on payload is the conversion of wiring system weight variations through use of different wiring concepts to program payload benefits in terms of dollars.

Simultaneous uterine and urinary bladder rupture in an otherwise successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

PubMed

Ho, Szu-Ying; Chang, Shuenn-Dhy; Liang, Ching-Chung

2010-12-01

Uterine rupture is the primary concern when a patient chooses a trial of labor after a cesarean section. Bladder rupture accompanied by uterine rupture should be taken into consideration if gross hematuria occurs. We report the case of a patient with uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean delivery. She had a normal course of labor and no classic signs of uterine rupture. However, gross hematuria was noted after repair of the episiotomy. The patient began to complain of progressive abdominal pain, gross hematuria and oliguria. Cystoscopy revealed a direct communication between the bladder and the uterus. When opening the bladder peritoneum, rupture sites over the anterior uterus and posterior wall of the bladder were noted. Following primary repair of both wounds, a Foley catheter was left in place for 12 days. The patient had achieved a full recovery by the 2-year follow-up examination. Bladder injury and uterine rupture can occur at any time during labor. Gross hematuria immediately after delivery is the most common presentation. Cystoscopy is a good tool to identify the severity of bladder injury. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

29 CFR 452.60 - Nominations for national, international or intermediate body office.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... body office. 452.60 Section 452.60 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Nominations for Office § 452.60...

29 CFR 452.20 - Nature of executive functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Nature of executive functions. 452.20 Section 452.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Coverage of Election Provisions § 452.20 Nature of executive functions. (a) The...

29 CFR 408.3 - Form of initial report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.3 Form of initial report. On and after the effective date of this section, every labor organization required to file an initial report under § 408.2 shall...

29 CFR 453.21 - Interests held in agents, brokers, and surety companies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... with it, the disqualification would be effective if a labor organization or any of the specified.... 453.21 Section 453.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE...

29 CFR 404.3 - Form of annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.3 Form of annual report. On and after the effective date of this section, every labor organization officer and employee required to file an annual...

29 CFR 404.3 - Form of annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE REPORTS § 404.3 Form of annual report. On and after the effective date of this section, every labor organization officer and employee required to file an annual...

29 CFR 453.21 - Interests held in agents, brokers, and surety companies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... with it, the disqualification would be effective if a labor organization or any of the specified.... 453.21 Section 453.21 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE BONDING REQUIREMENTS OF THE...

29 CFR 408.3 - Form of initial report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS LABOR ORGANIZATION TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS § 408.3 Form of initial report. On and after the effective date of this section, every labor organization required to file an initial report under § 408.2 shall...

29 CFR 401.2 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 401.2 Section 401.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.2 State. State includes any State of the United States, the District...

29 CFR 405.8 - Personal responsibility of signatories of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Personal responsibility of signatories of reports. 405.8 Section 405.8 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS EMPLOYER REPORTS § 405.8 Personal responsibility of signatories of...

29 CFR 401.11 - Secret ballot.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Secret ballot. 401.11 Section 401.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.11 Secret ballot. Secret ballot means the expression by...

29 CFR 401.11 - Secret ballot.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Secret ballot. 401.11 Section 401.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.11 Secret ballot. Secret ballot means the expression by...

29 CFR 401.11 - Secret ballot.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Secret ballot. 401.11 Section 401.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.11 Secret ballot. Secret ballot means the expression by...

29 CFR 401.11 - Secret ballot.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Secret ballot. 401.11 Section 401.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.11 Secret ballot. Secret ballot means the expression by...

29 CFR 401.11 - Secret ballot.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Secret ballot. 401.11 Section 401.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.11 Secret ballot. Secret ballot means the expression by...

29 CFR 801.65 - Appearances; representation of the Department of Labor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appearances; representation of the Department of Labor. 801.65 Section 801.65 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS APPLICATION OF THE EMPLOYEE POLYGRAPH PROTECTION ACT OF 1988 Administrative...

29 CFR 500.231 - Appearances; representation of the Department of Labor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Procedures Before Administrative Law Judge § 500.231 Appearances; representation of the Department of Labor... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appearances; representation of the Department of Labor. 500.231 Section 500.231 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT...

29 CFR 452.20 - Nature of executive functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Nature of executive functions. 452.20 Section 452.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Coverage of Election Provisions § 452.20 Nature of executive functions. (a) The...

29 CFR 452.20 - Nature of executive functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Nature of executive functions. 452.20 Section 452.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Coverage of Election Provisions § 452.20 Nature of executive functions. (a) The...

29 CFR 452.20 - Nature of executive functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Nature of executive functions. 452.20 Section 452.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Coverage of Election Provisions § 452.20 Nature of executive functions. (a) The...

29 CFR 452.20 - Nature of executive functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Nature of executive functions. 452.20 Section 452.20 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Coverage of Election Provisions § 452.20 Nature of executive functions. (a) The...

29 CFR 409.2 - Annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS... by section 502 of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 or section 412 of the...-Management Standards a report, on U.S. Department of Labor Form S-1 entitled “Surety Company Annual Report” 1...

29 CFR 780.332 - Exchange of labor between farmers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Employment in Agriculture That Is Exempted From the Minimum Wage and Overtime Pay Requirements Under Section... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exchange of labor between farmers. 780.332 Section 780.332 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEMENTS...

78 FR 31976 - Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting and Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-28

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting and Agenda The Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical Advisory Committee will... Labor Statistics (BLS) on technical aspects of the collection and formulation of economic measures. The...