Sample records for ladostigil tv3326 n-propargyl-3r

  1. Attenuation of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity by TV3326, a cholinesterase-monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

    PubMed

    Sagi, Yotam; Weinstock, Marta; Youdim, Moussa B H

    2003-07-01

    (R)-[(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl) ethyl methyl carbamate] (TV3326) is a novel cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A/-B inhibitor. It was developed for the treatment of dementia co-morbid with extra pyramidal disorders (parkinsonism), and depression. On chronic treatment in mice it attenuated striatal dopamine depletion induced by MPTP and prevented the reduction in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, like selective B and non-selective MAO inhibitors. TV3326 preferentially inhibits MAO-B in the striatum and hippocampus, and the degree of MAO-B inhibition correlates with the prevention of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion. Complete inhibition of MAO-B is not necessary for full protection from MPTP neurotoxicity. Unlike that seen after treatment with other MAO-A and -B inhibitors, recovery of striatal and hippocampal MAO-A and -B activities from inhibition by TV3326 did not show first-order kinetics. This has been attributed to the generation of a number of metabolites by TV3326 that cause differential inhibition of these enzymes. Inhibition of brain MAO-A and -B by TV3326 resulted in significant elevations of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the striatum and hippocampus. This may explain its antidepressant-like activity, resembling that of moclobemide in the forced-swim test in rats.

  2. Multi Target Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Anti-Parkinson and Anti-Alzheimer Drugs Ladostigil and M30 Derived from Rasagiline

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Present anti-PD and -AD drugs have limited symptomatic activity and devoid of neuroprotective and neurorestorative property that is needed for disease modifying action. The complex pathology of PD and AD led us to develop several multi-target neuroprotective and neurorestorative drugs with several CNS targets with the ability for possible disease modifying activity. Employing the pharmacophore of our anti-parkinson drug rasagiline (Azilect, N-propagrgyl-1-R-aminoindan), we have developed a series of novel multi-functional neuroprotective drugs (A) [TV-3326 (N-propargyl-3R-aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methylcarbamate)], with both cholinesterase-butyrylesterase and brain selective monoamine-oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitory activities and (B) the iron chelator-radical scavenging-brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitor and M30 possessing the neuroprotective and neurorescuing propargyl moiety of rasagiline, as potential treatment of AD, DLB and PD with dementia. Another series of multi-target drugs (M30, HLA-20 series) which are brain permeable iron chelators and potent selective brain MAO inhibitors were also developed. These series of drugs have the ability of regulating and processing amyloid precursor protein (APP) since APP and alpha-synuclein are metaloproteins (iron-regulated proteins), with an iron responsive element 5"UTR mRNA similar to transferring and ferritin. Ladostigil inhibits brain acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase in rats after oral doses. After chronic but not acute treatment, it inhibits MAO-A and -B in the brain. Ladostigil acts like an anti-depressant in the forced swim test in rats, indicating a potential for anti-depressant activity. Ladostigil prevents the destruction of nigrostriatal neurons induced by infusion of neurotoxin MPTP in mice. The propargylamine moiety of ladostigil confers neuroprotective activity against cytotoxicity induced by ischemia and peroxynitrite in cultured neuronal cells. The multi-target iron chelator M30 has all the

  3. The neurochemical and behavioral effects of the novel cholinesterase–monoamine oxidase inhibitor, ladostigil, in response to L-dopa and L-tryptophan, in rats

    PubMed Central

    Sagi, Yotam; Driguès, Noam; Youdim, Moussa B H

    2005-01-01

    The novel drugs, ladostigil (TV3326) and TV3279, are R and S isomers, respectively, derived from a combination of the carbamate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine, and the pharmacophore of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor, rasagiline. They were developed for the treatment of comorbidity of dementia with Parkinsonism. In the present study, we determined the effects of these drugs on both aminergic neurotransmitter levels and motor behavioral activity in naïve and in L-dopa- or L-tryptophan-induced rats. Chronic treatment of rats with ladostigil (52 mg kg−1 for 21 days) inhibited hippocampal and striatal MAO A and B activities by >90%, increased striatal levels of dopamine and serotonin, and inhibited striatal ChE activity by ∼50%. Chronic TV3279 (26 mg kg−1 for 21 days) similarly inhibited ∼50% of striatal ChE activity, but did not affect MAO activity or amine levels. In sharp contrast to the inductive effect of the MAO A/B inhibitor, tranylcypromine (TCP), on stereotyped hyperactivity in response to L-dopa (50 mg kg−1) or L-tryptophan (100 mg kg−1), ladostigil completely inhibited these behavioral hyperactivity syndromes. Accordingly, acute rivastigmine (2 mg kg−1) and chronic TV3279 abolished the ability of TCP to initiate L-dopa-induced hyperactivity, while scopolamine (0.5 mg kg−1) reversed the inhibitory effect of chronic ladostigil on L-dopa-induced hyperactivity, suggesting that ladostigil may attenuate successive locomotion by activating central cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Finally, while chronic ladostigil administration to naïve rats resulted in preserved spontaneous motor behavior, acute treatment with ladostigil decreased motor performance, compared to control animals. In contrast, chronic as well as acute treatments with TV3279 reduced spontaneous motor activity. Thus, the aminergic potentiation by ladostigil may counteract its cholinergic inhibitory effect on spontaneous motor behavior

  4. Ladostigil: a novel multimodal neuroprotective drug with cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

    PubMed

    Weinreb, Orly; Amit, Tamar; Bar-Am, Orit; Youdim, Moussa B H

    2012-04-01

    Ladostigil [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] is a dual acetylcholine-butyrylcholineesterase and brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B inhibitor in vivo (with little or no MAO inhibitory effect in the liver and small intestine), intended for the treatment of dementia co-morbid with extrapyramidal disorders and depression (presently in a Phase IIb clinical study). This suggests that the drug should not cause a significant potentiation of the cardiovascular response to tyramine, thereby making it a potentially safer antidepressant than other irreversible MAO-A inhibitors. Ladostigil was shown to antagonize scopolamine-induced impairment in spatial memory, indicating that it can cause significant increases in rat brain cholinergic activity. Furthermore, ladostigil prevented gliosis and oxidative-nitrative stress and reduced the deficits in episodic and spatial memory induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats. Ladostigil was demonstrated to possess potent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities in vitro and in various neurodegenerative rat models, (e.g. hippocampal damage induced by global ischemia in gerbils and cerebral oedema induced in mice by closed head injury). These neuroprotective activities involve regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing; activation of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; inhibition of neuronal death markers; prevention of the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of neurotrophic factors and antioxidative activity. Recent findings demonstrated that the major metabolite of ladostigil, hydroxy-1-(R)-aminoindan has also a neuroprotective activity and thus, may contribute to the overt activity of its parent compound. This review will discuss the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential use of ladostigil in Alzheimer's and Lewy Body diseases and the molecular signaling pathways that are considered to be

  5. Bifunctional drug derivatives of MAO-B inhibitor rasagiline and iron chelator VK-28 as a more effective approach to treatment of brain ageing and ageing neurodegenerative diseases.

    PubMed

    Youdim, Moussa B H; Fridkin, Mati; Zheng, Hailin

    2005-02-01

    Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and cholinergic cortical neurones are the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and for the cognitive deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer' type (AD) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), respectively. Many PD and DLB subjects have dementia and depression resulting from possible degeneration of cholinergic and noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. On the other hand, AD patients may also develop extrapyramidal features as well as depression. In both PD and AD there is, respectively, accumulation of iron within the melanin containing dopamine neurons of pars compacta and with in the plaques and tangle. It has been suggested that iron accumulation may contribute to the oxidative stress induced apoptosis reported in both diseases. This may result from increased glia hydrogen peroxide producing monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity that can generate of reactive hydroxyl radical formed from interaction of iron and hydrogen peroxide. We have therefore prepared a series of novel bifunctional drugs from the neuroprotective-antiapoptotic antiparkinson monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, rasagiline, by introducing a carbamate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory moiety into it. Ladostigil (TV-3326, N-propargyl-3R-aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methylcarbamate), has both ChE and MAO-AB inhibitory activity, as potential treatment of AD and DLB or PD subjects with dementia Being a brain selective MAO-AB inhibitor it has limited potentiation of the pressor response to oral tyramine and exhibits antidepressant activity similar to classical non-selective MAO inhibitor antidepressants by increasing brain serotonin and noradrenaline. Ladostigil inhibits brain acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase in rats and antagonizes scopolamine-induced inhibition of spatial learning. Ladostigil like MAO-B inhibitor it prevents MPTP Parkinsonism in mice model and retains the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective activity of rasagiline. Ladostigil, rasagiline

  6. 38 CFR 3.326 - Examinations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Examinations. 3.326... Examinations. For purposes of this section, the term examination includes periods of hospital observation when... accompanying the claim is not adequate for rating purposes, a Department of Veterans Affairs examination will...

  7. Reactions of a Ruthenium Complex with Substituted N-Propargyl Pyrroles.

    PubMed

    Chia, Pi-Yeh; Huang, Shou-Ling; Liu, Yi-Hong; Lin, Ying-Chih

    2016-04-05

    In an investigation into the chemical reactions of N-propargyl pyrroles 1 a-c, containing aldehyde, keto, and ester groups on the pyrrole ring, with [Ru]-Cl ([Ru]=Cp(PPh3 )2 Ru; Cp=C5 H5 ), an aldehyde group in the pyrrole ring is found to play a crucial role in stimulating the cyclization reaction. The reaction of 1 a, containing an aldehyde group, with [Ru]-Cl in the presence of NH4 PF6 yields the vinylidene complex 2 a, which further reacts with allyl amine to give the carbene complex 6 a with a pyrrolizine group. However, if 1 a is first reacted with allyl amine to yield the iminenyne 8 a, then the reaction of 8 a with [Ru]-Cl in the presence of NH4 PF6 yields the ruthenium complex 9 a, containing a cationic pyrrolopyrazinium group, which has been fully characterized by XRD analysis. These results can be adequately explained by coordination of the triple bond of the propargyl group to the ruthenium metal center first, followed by two processes, that is, formation of a vinylidene intermediate or direct nucleophilic attack. Additionally, the deprotonation of 2 a by R4 NOH yields the neutral acetylide complex 3 a. In the presence of NH4 PF6 , the attempted alkylation of 3 a resulted in the formation the Fischer-type amino-carbene complex 5 a as a result of the presence of NH3, which served as a nucleophile. With KPF6, the alkylation of 3 a with ethyl and benzyl bromoacetates afforded the disubstituted vinylidene complexes 10 a and 11 a, containing ester groups, which underwent deprotonation reactions to give the furyl complexes 12 a and 13 a, respectively. For 13 a, containing an O-benzyl group, subsequent 1,3-migration of the benzyl group was observed to yield product 14 a with a lactone unit. Similar reactivity was not observed for the corresponding N-propargyl pyrroles 1 b and 1 c, which contained keto and ester groups, respectively, on the pyrrole ring. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Functional connectivity in prenatally stressed rats with and without maternal treatment with ladostigil, a brain-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

    PubMed

    Goelman, G; Ilinca, R; Zohar, I; Weinstock, M

    2014-09-01

    Stress during pregnancy in humans is known to be a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Prenatal stress in rats caused depressive-like behavior that was restored to that of controls by maternal treatment with ladostigil (8.5 mg/kg per day), a brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that prevented increased anxiety-like behavior in stressed mothers. Ladostigil inhibited maternal striatal MAO-A and -B by 45-50% at the time the pups were weaned. Using resting state-functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging on rat male offspring of control mothers, and mothers stressed during gestation with and without ladostigil treatment, we identified neuronal connections that differed between these groups. The percentage of significant connections within a predefined predominantly limbic network in control rats was 23.3 within the right and 22.0 within the left hemisphere. Prenatal stress disturbed hemispheric symmetry, resulting in 30.2 and 21.6%, significant connections in the right and left hemispheres, respectively, but this was fully restored in the maternal ladostigil group to 24.6% in both hemispheres. All connections that were modified in prenatally stressed rats and restored by maternal drug treatment were associated with the dopaminergic system. Specifically, we observed that restoration of the connections of the right nucleus accumbens shell with frontal areas, the cingulate, septum and motor and sensory cortices, and those of the right globus pallidus with the infra-limbic and the dentate gyrus, were most important for prevention of depressive-like behavior. © 2014 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  9. Cyclisation versus 1,1-Carboboration: Reactions of B(C6F5)3 with Propargyl Amides.

    PubMed

    Melen, Rebecca L; Hansmann, Max M; Lough, Alan J; Hashmi, A Stephen K; Stephan, Douglas W

    2013-09-02

    A series of propargyl amides were prepared and their reactions with the Lewis acidic compound B(C6F5)3 were investigated. These reactions were shown to afford novel heterocycles under mild conditions. The reaction of a variety of N-substituted propargyl amides with B(C6F5)3 led to an intramolecular oxo-boration cyclisation reaction, which afforded the 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydrooxazolium borate species. Secondary propargyl amides gave oxazoles in B(C6F5)3 mediated (catalytic) cyclisation reactions. In the special case of disubstitution adjacent to the nitrogen atom, 1,1-carboboration is favoured as a result of the increased steric hindrance (1,3-allylic strain) in the 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydrooxazolium borate species. Copyright © 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Chemoselective Amination of Propargylic C(sp3)–H Bonds via Co(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis**

    PubMed Central

    Li, Chaoqun; Jiang, Huiling; Lizardi, Christopher L.

    2014-01-01

    Highly chemoselective intramolecular amination of propargylic C(sp3)–H bonds has been demonstrated for N-bishomopropargylic sulfamoyl azides via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis. Supported by D2h-symmetric amidoporphyrin ligand 3,5-DitBu-IbuPhyrin, the Co(II)-catalyzed C–H amination process can proceed effectively under neutral and nonoxidative conditions without the need of any additives, generating N2 as the only byproduct. The metalloradical amination is suitable to both secondary and tertiary propargylic C–H substrates with an unusually high degree of functional group tolerance, providing a direct method for high-yielding synthesis of functionalized propargylamine derivatives. PMID:24840605

  11. EPR investigation of zinc/iodine exchange between propargyl iodides and diethylzinc: detection of propargyl radical by spin trapping.

    PubMed

    Maury, Julien; Jammi, Suribabu; Vibert, François; Marque, Sylvain R A; Siri, Didier; Feray, Laurence; Bertrand, Michèle

    2012-10-19

    The production of propargyl radicals in the reaction of dialkylzincs with propargyl iodides in nondegassed medium was investigated by EPR using tri-tert-butylnitrosobenzene (TTBNB) as a spin trap. The radical mechanism and the nature of the observed species were confirmed by the trapping of propargyl radicals generated by an alternative pathway: i.e., upon irradiation of propargyl iodides in the presence of hexa-n-butyldistannane. In dialkylzinc-mediated experiments a high concentration of adduct was instantaneously observed, whereas no spontaneous production of spin adduct was detected in a blank experiment performed with the propargylic iodide and TTBNB in the absence of diethylzinc. Under irradiation in the presence of distannane, two different species were observed at the very beginning of the irradiation; the nitroxide resulting from the trapping of propargyl radical at the propargyl carbon remained the only species detected after irradiating for several minutes. The absence of adducts resulting from the trapping of allenyl canonical forms was supported by DFT calculations and by the preparation of an authentic sample.

  12. Transition-metal-free synthesis of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles via an S-propargylation/5-exo-dig cyclization/isomerization sequence using propargyl tosylates as substrates.

    PubMed

    Omar, Mohamed A; Frey, Wolfgang; Conrad, Jürgen; Beifuss, Uwe

    2014-11-07

    A transition-metal-free route for the synthesis of several N-fused heterocycles, including thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, is reported. The reaction between propargyl tosylates and 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles under basic conditions results in 3-substituted thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles, in yields up to 92% in a single synthesis step. With 2-mercaptoimidazoles as the substrate, the corresponding imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles were exclusively obtained. The transformation is considered to proceed as an intermolecular S-propargylation that is followed by 5-exo-dig ring closure and double-bond isomerization.

  13. 31 CFR 332.6 - Purchase of bonds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purchase of bonds. 332.6 Section 332....6 Purchase of bonds. (a) Issuing agents. Only Federal Reserve Banks and Branches, as fiscal agents.... However, financial institutions were permitted to forward applications for purchase of the bonds to the...

  14. Propargylic activation across a heterobimetallic ir-sn catalyst: nucleophilic substitution and indene formation with propargylic alcohols.

    PubMed

    Chatterjee, Paresh Nath; Roy, Sujit

    2010-07-02

    A nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols with carbon (arene, heteroarene, and allyltrimethylsilane), sulfur (thiol), oxygen (alcohol), and nitrogen (sulfonamide) nucleophiles has been demonstrated using a high-valent [Ir(COD)(SnCl(3))Cl(mu-Cl)](2) catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane to afford the corresponding propargylic products in moderate to excellent yields. Alkyl or aryl substituted tertiary propargylic alcohols produce substituted indenes with bulky arenes via allenylic intermediate. An electrophilic mechanism is proposed from Hammett correlation.

  15. Benzene Formation on Interstellar Icy Mantles Containing Propargyl Alcohol

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sivaraman, B.; Mukherjee, R.; Subramanian, K. P.; Banerjee, S. B.

    2015-01-01

    Propargyl alcohol (CHCCH2OH) is a known stable isomer of the propenal (CH2CHCHO) molecule that was reported to be present in the interstellar medium (ISM). At astrochemical conditions in the laboratory, icy layers of propargyl alcohol grown at 85 K were irradiated by 2 keV electrons and probed by a Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometer in the mid-infrared (IR) region, 4000-500 cm-1. Propargyl alcohol ice under astrochemical conditions was studied for the first time; therefore, IR spectra of reported amorphous (85 K) and crystalline (180 K) propargyl alcohol ices can be used to detect its presence in the ISM. Moreover, our experiments clearly show benzene (C6H6) formation to be the major product from propargyl alcohol irradiation, confirming the role of propargyl radicals (C3H3) formed from propargyl alcohol dissociation that was long expected based on theoretical modeling to effectively synthesize C6H6 in the interstellar icy mantles.

  16. BENZENE FORMATION ON INTERSTELLAR ICY MANTLES CONTAINING PROPARGYL ALCOHOL

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sivaraman, B.; Mukherjee, R.; Subramanian, K. P.

    Propargyl alcohol (CHCCH{sub 2}OH) is a known stable isomer of the propenal (CH{sub 2}CHCHO) molecule that was reported to be present in the interstellar medium (ISM). At astrochemical conditions in the laboratory, icy layers of propargyl alcohol grown at 85 K were irradiated by 2 keV electrons and probed by a Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometer in the mid-infrared (IR) region, 4000-500 cm{sup –1}. Propargyl alcohol ice under astrochemical conditions was studied for the first time; therefore, IR spectra of reported amorphous (85 K) and crystalline (180 K) propargyl alcohol ices can be used to detect its presence in the ISM.more » Moreover, our experiments clearly show benzene (C{sub 6}H{sub 6}) formation to be the major product from propargyl alcohol irradiation, confirming the role of propargyl radicals (C{sub 3}H{sub 3}) formed from propargyl alcohol dissociation that was long expected based on theoretical modeling to effectively synthesize C{sub 6}H{sub 6} in the interstellar icy mantles.« less

  17. Flow Asymmetric Propargylation: Development of Continuous Processes for the Preparation of a Chiral β-Amino Alcohol.

    PubMed

    Li, Hui; Sheeran, Jillian W; Clausen, Andrew M; Fang, Yuan-Qing; Bio, Matthew M; Bader, Scott

    2017-08-01

    The development of a flow chemistry process for asymmetric propargylation using allene gas as a reagent is reported. The connected continuous process of allene dissolution, lithiation, Li-Zn transmetallation, and asymmetric propargylation provides homopropargyl β-amino alcohol 1 with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in high yield. This flow process enables practical use of an unstable allenyllithium intermediate. The process uses the commercially available and recyclable (1S,2R)-N-pyrrolidinyl norephedrine as a ligand to promote the highly diastereoselective (32:1) propargylation. Judicious selection of mixers based on the chemistry requirement and real-time monitoring of the process using process analytical technology (PAT) enabled stable and scalable flow chemistry runs. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  18. Intermolecular ‘cross-torque’: the N4-cytosine propargyl residue is rotated to the ‘CH’-edge as a result of Watson–Crick interaction

    PubMed Central

    Domingo, Olwen; Hellmuth, Isabell; Jäschke, Andres; Kreutz, Christoph; Helm, Mark

    2015-01-01

    Propargyl groups are attractive functional groups for labeling purposes, as they allow CuAAC-mediated bioconjugation. Their size minimally exceeds that of a methyl group, the latter being frequent in natural nucleotide modifications. To understand under which circumstances propargyl-containing oligodeoxynucleotides preserve base pairing, we focused on the exocyclic amine of cytidine. Residues attached to the exocyclic N4 may orient away from or toward the Watson–Crick face, ensuing dramatic alteration of base pairing properties. ROESY-NMR experiments suggest a uniform orientation toward the Watson–Crick face of N4-propargyl residues in derivatives of both deoxycytidine and 5-methyl-deoxycytidine. In oligodeoxynucleotides, however, UV-melting indicated that N4-propargyl-deoxycytidine undergoes standard base pairing. This implies a rotation of the propargyl moiety toward the ‘CH’-edge as a result of base pairing on the Watson–Crick face. In oligonucleotides containing the corresponding 5-methyl-deoxycytidine derivative, dramatically reduced melting temperatures indicate impaired Watson–Crick base pairing. This was attributed to a steric clash of the propargyl moiety with the 5-methyl group, which prevents back rotation to the ‘CH’-edge, consequently preventing Watson–Crick geometry. Our results emphasize the tendency of an opposing nucleic acid strand to mechanically rotate single N4-substituents to make way for Watson–Crick base pairing, providing no steric hindrance is present on the ‘CH’-edge. PMID:25934805

  19. In vitro cytotoxicity and differential cellular sensitivity of derivatives of diamino acids. II. N1-methyl, N1-allyl, N1-(2-chloroethyl) and N1-propargyl nitrosoureas.

    PubMed

    Dulude, H; Salvador, R; Gallant, G

    1995-01-01

    The in vitro cytotoxicity and differential cellular sensitivity of a series of new N1-methyl, N1-allyl, N1-2-chloroethyl and N1-propargyl nitrosourea derivatives of diamino acids were determined in the National Cancer Institute's primary antitumor drug screen. The compounds tested showed an in vitro anticancer activity similar to commercialized nitrosoureas such as CCNU, BCNU, MeCCNU, chlorozotocin, streptozotocin and PCNU. The alkylating moiety of the nitrosoureas seems to play a role in the general selectivity of our compounds. The N1-methyl and N1-2-chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives are more selective for central nervous system cell lines, the N1-allyl nitrosourea derivatives are more selective for lung cancer cell lines and the N1-propargyl nitrosoureas are more selective for leukemia cell lines.

  20. Investigation on the absolute and relative photoionization cross sections of 3 potential propargylic fuels.

    PubMed

    Winfough, Matthew; Meloni, Giovanni

    2017-12-01

    Absolute photoionization cross sections for 2 potential propargylic fuels (propargylamine and dipropargyl ether) along with the partial ionization cross sections for their dissociative fragments are measured and presented for the first time via synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. The experimental setup consists of a multiplexed orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer and is located at the Advanced Light Source facility of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. Data for a third propargylic compound (propargyl alcohol) were taken; however, because of its low signal, due to its weakly bound cation, only the dissociative ionization fragment from the H-loss channel is observed and presented. Suggested pathways leading to formation of dissociative photoionization fragments along with CBS-QB3 calculated adiabatic ionization energies and appearance energies for the dissociative fragments are also presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  1. BRCA2 Polymorphic Stop Codon K3326X and the Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers.

    PubMed

    Meeks, Huong D; Song, Honglin; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Bolla, Manjeet K; Dennis, Joe; Wang, Qin; Barrowdale, Daniel; Frost, Debra; McGuffog, Lesley; Ellis, Steve; Feng, Bingjian; Buys, Saundra S; Hopper, John L; Southey, Melissa C; Tesoriero, Andrea; James, Paul A; Bruinsma, Fiona; Campbell, Ian G; Broeks, Annegien; Schmidt, Marjanka K; Hogervorst, Frans B L; Beckman, Matthias W; Fasching, Peter A; Fletcher, Olivia; Johnson, Nichola; Sawyer, Elinor J; Riboli, Elio; Banerjee, Susana; Menon, Usha; Tomlinson, Ian; Burwinkel, Barbara; Hamann, Ute; Marme, Frederik; Rudolph, Anja; Janavicius, Ramunas; Tihomirova, Laima; Tung, Nadine; Garber, Judy; Cramer, Daniel; Terry, Kathryn L; Poole, Elizabeth M; Tworoger, Shelley S; Dorfling, Cecilia M; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J; Godwin, Andrew K; Guénel, Pascal; Truong, Thérèse; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique; Damiola, Francesca; Mazoyer, Sylvie; Sinilnikova, Olga M; Isaacs, Claudine; Maugard, Christine; Bojesen, Stig E; Flyger, Henrik; Gerdes, Anne-Marie; Hansen, Thomas V O; Jensen, Allen; Kjaer, Susanne K; Hogdall, Claus; Hogdall, Estrid; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde; Thomassen, Mads; Benitez, Javier; González-Neira, Anna; Osorio, Ana; Hoya, Miguel de la; Segura, Pedro Perez; Diez, Orland; Lazaro, Conxi; Brunet, Joan; Anton-Culver, Hoda; Eunjung, Lee; John, Esther M; Neuhausen, Susan L; Ding, Yuan Chun; Castillo, Danielle; Weitzel, Jeffrey N; Ganz, Patricia A; Nussbaum, Robert L; Chan, Salina B; Karlan, Beth Y; Lester, Jenny; Wu, Anna; Gayther, Simon; Ramus, Susan J; Sieh, Weiva; Whittermore, Alice S; Monteiro, Alvaro N A; Phelan, Catherine M; Terry, Mary Beth; Piedmonte, Marion; Offit, Kenneth; Robson, Mark; Levine, Douglas; Moysich, Kirsten B; Cannioto, Rikki; Olson, Sara H; Daly, Mary B; Nathanson, Katherine L; Domchek, Susan M; Lu, Karen H; Liang, Dong; Hildebrant, Michelle A T; Ness, Roberta; Modugno, Francesmary; Pearce, Leigh; Goodman, Marc T; Thompson, Pamela J; Brenner, Hermann; Butterbach, Katja; Meindl, Alfons; Hahnen, Eric; Wappenschmidt, Barbara; Brauch, Hiltrud; Brüning, Thomas; Blomqvist, Carl; Khan, Sofia; Nevanlinna, Heli; Pelttari, Liisa M; Aittomäki, Kristiina; Butzow, Ralf; Bogdanova, Natalia V; Dörk, Thilo; Lindblom, Annika; Margolin, Sara; Rantala, Johanna; Kosma, Veli-Matti; Mannermaa, Arto; Lambrechts, Diether; Neven, Patrick; Claes, Kathleen B M; Maerken, Tom Van; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Flesch-Janys, Dieter; Heitz, Florian; Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda; Peterlongo, Paolo; Radice, Paolo; Viel, Alessandra; Barile, Monica; Peissel, Bernard; Manoukian, Siranoush; Montagna, Marco; Oliani, Cristina; Peixoto, Ana; Teixeira, Manuel R; Collavoli, Anita; Hallberg, Emily; Olson, Janet E; Goode, Ellen L; Hart, Steven N; Shimelis, Hermela; Cunningham, Julie M; Giles, Graham G; Milne, Roger L; Healey, Sue; Tucker, Kathy; Haiman, Christopher A; Henderson, Brian E; Goldberg, Mark S; Tischkowitz, Marc; Simard, Jacques; Soucy, Penny; Eccles, Diana M; Le, Nhu; Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Kristensen, Vessela; Salvesen, Helga B; Bjorge, Line; Bandera, Elisa V; Risch, Harvey; Zheng, Wei; Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia; Cai, Hui; Pylkäs, Katri; Tollenaar, Robert A E M; Ouweland, Ans M W van der; Andrulis, Irene L; Knight, Julia A; Narod, Steven; Devilee, Peter; Winqvist, Robert; Figueroa, Jonine; Greene, Mark H; Mai, Phuong L; Loud, Jennifer T; García-Closas, Montserrat; Schoemaker, Minouk J; Czene, Kamila; Darabi, Hatef; McNeish, Iain; Siddiquil, Nadeem; Glasspool, Rosalind; Kwong, Ava; Park, Sue K; Teo, Soo Hwang; Yoon, Sook-Yee; Matsuo, Keitaro; Hosono, Satoyo; Woo, Yin Ling; Gao, Yu-Tang; Foretova, Lenka; Singer, Christian F; Rappaport-Feurhauser, Christine; Friedman, Eitan; Laitman, Yael; Rennert, Gad; Imyanitov, Evgeny N; Hulick, Peter J; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I; Senter, Leigha; Olah, Edith; Doherty, Jennifer A; Schildkraut, Joellen; Koppert, Linetta B; Kiemeney, Lambertus A; Massuger, Leon F A G; Cook, Linda S; Pejovic, Tanja; Li, Jingmei; Borg, Ake; Öfverholm, Anna; Rossing, Mary Anne; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Henriksson, Karin; Cox, Angela; Cross, Simon S; Pasini, Barbara J; Shah, Mitul; Kabisch, Maria; Torres, Diana; Jakubowska, Anna; Lubinski, Jan; Gronwald, Jacek; Agnarsson, Bjarni A; Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta; Moes-Sosnowska, Joanna; Fostira, Florentia; Konstantopoulou, Irene; Slager, Susan; Jones, Michael; Antoniou, Antonis C; Berchuck, Andrew; Swerdlow, Anthony; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia; Dunning, Alison M; Pharoah, Paul D P; Hall, Per; Easton, Douglas F; Couch, Fergus J; Spurdle, Amanda B; Goldgar, David E

    2016-02-01

    The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10(-) (6)) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10(-3)). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10(-5) and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10(-5), respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

  2. BRCA2 Polymorphic Stop Codon K3326X and the Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers

    PubMed Central

    Meeks, Huong D.; Song, Honglin; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Dennis, Joe; Wang, Qin; Barrowdale, Daniel; Frost, Debra; McGuffog, Lesley; Ellis, Steve; Feng, Bingjian; Buys, Saundra S.; Hopper, John L.; Southey, Melissa C.; Tesoriero, Andrea; James, Paul A.; Bruinsma, Fiona; Campbell, Ian G.; Broeks, Annegien; Schmidt, Marjanka K.; Hogervorst, Frans B. L.; Beckman, Matthias W.; Fasching, Peter A.; Fletcher, Olivia; Johnson, Nichola; Sawyer, Elinor J.; Riboli, Elio; Banerjee, Susana; Menon, Usha; Tomlinson, Ian; Burwinkel, Barbara; Hamann, Ute; Marme, Frederik; Rudolph, Anja; Janavicius, Ramunas; Tihomirova, Laima; Tung, Nadine; Garber, Judy; Cramer, Daniel; Terry, Kathryn L.; Poole, Elizabeth M.; Tworoger, Shelley S.; Dorfling, Cecilia M.; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J.; Godwin, Andrew K.; Guénel, Pascal; Truong, Thérèse; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique; Damiola, Francesca; Mazoyer, Sylvie; Sinilnikova, Olga M.; Isaacs, Claudine; Maugard, Christine; Bojesen, Stig E.; Flyger, Henrik; Gerdes, Anne-Marie; Hansen, Thomas V. O.; Jensen, Allen; Kjaer, Susanne K.; Hogdall, Claus; Hogdall, Estrid; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde; Thomassen, Mads; Benitez, Javier; González-Neira, Anna; Osorio, Ana; de la Hoya, Miguel; Segura, Pedro Perez; Diez, Orland; Lazaro, Conxi; Brunet, Joan; Anton-Culver, Hoda; Eunjung, Lee; John, Esther M.; Neuhausen, Susan L.; Ding, Yuan Chun; Castillo, Danielle; Weitzel, Jeffrey N.; Ganz, Patricia A.; Nussbaum, Robert L.; Chan, Salina B.; Karlan, Beth Y.; Lester, Jenny; Wu, Anna; Gayther, Simon; Ramus, Susan J.; Sieh, Weiva; Whittermore, Alice S.; Monteiro, Alvaro N. A.; Phelan, Catherine M.; Terry, Mary Beth; Piedmonte, Marion; Offit, Kenneth; Robson, Mark; Levine, Douglas; Moysich, Kirsten B.; Cannioto, Rikki; Olson, Sara H.; Daly, Mary B.; Nathanson, Katherine L.; Domchek, Susan M.; Lu, Karen H.; Liang, Dong; Hildebrant, Michelle A. T.; Ness, Roberta; Modugno, Francesmary; Pearce, Leigh; Goodman, Marc T.; Thompson, Pamela J.; Brenner, Hermann; Butterbach, Katja; Meindl, Alfons; Hahnen, Eric; Wappenschmidt, Barbara; Brauch, Hiltrud; Brüning, Thomas; Blomqvist, Carl; Khan, Sofia; Nevanlinna, Heli; Pelttari, Liisa M.; Aittomäki, Kristiina; Butzow, Ralf; Bogdanova, Natalia V.; Dörk, Thilo; Lindblom, Annika; Margolin, Sara; Rantala, Johanna; Kosma, Veli-Matti; Mannermaa, Arto; Lambrechts, Diether; Neven, Patrick; Claes, Kathleen B. M.; Maerken, Tom Van; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Flesch-Janys, Dieter; Heitz, Florian; Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda; Peterlongo, Paolo; Radice, Paolo; Viel, Alessandra; Barile, Monica; Peissel, Bernard; Manoukian, Siranoush; Montagna, Marco; Oliani, Cristina; Peixoto, Ana; Teixeira, Manuel R.; Collavoli, Anita; Hallberg, Emily; Olson, Janet E.; Goode, Ellen L.; Hart, Steven N.; Shimelis, Hermela; Cunningham, Julie M.; Giles, Graham G.; Milne, Roger L.; Healey, Sue; Tucker, Kathy; Haiman, Christopher A.; Henderson, Brian E.; Goldberg, Mark S.; Tischkowitz, Marc; Simard, Jacques; Soucy, Penny; Eccles, Diana M.; Le, Nhu; Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Kristensen, Vessela; Salvesen, Helga B.; Bjorge, Line; Bandera, Elisa V.; Risch, Harvey; Zheng, Wei; Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia; Cai, Hui; Pylkäs, Katri; Tollenaar, Robert A. E. M.; van der Ouweland, Ans M. W.; Andrulis, Irene L.; Knight, Julia A.; Narod, Steven; Devilee, Peter; Winqvist, Robert; Figueroa, Jonine; Greene, Mark H.; Mai, Phuong L.; Loud, Jennifer T.; García-Closas, Montserrat; Schoemaker, Minouk J.; Czene, Kamila; Darabi, Hatef; McNeish, Iain; Siddiquil, Nadeem; Glasspool, Rosalind; Kwong, Ava; Park, Sue K.; Teo, Soo Hwang; Yoon, Sook-Yee; Matsuo, Keitaro; Hosono, Satoyo; Woo, Yin Ling; Gao, Yu-Tang; Foretova, Lenka; Singer, Christian F.; Rappaport-Feurhauser, Christine; Friedman, Eitan; Laitman, Yael; Rennert, Gad; Imyanitov, Evgeny N.; Hulick, Peter J.; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.; Senter, Leigha; Olah, Edith; Doherty, Jennifer A.; Schildkraut, Joellen; Koppert, Linetta B.; Kiemeney, Lambertus A.; Massuger, Leon F. A. G.; Cook, Linda S.; Pejovic, Tanja; Li, Jingmei; Borg, Ake; Öfverholm, Anna; Rossing, Mary Anne; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Henriksson, Karin; Cox, Angela; Cross, Simon S.; Pasini, Barbara J.; Shah, Mitul; Kabisch, Maria; Torres, Diana; Jakubowska, Anna; Lubinski, Jan; Gronwald, Jacek; Agnarsson, Bjarni A.; Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta; Moes-Sosnowska, Joanna; Fostira, Florentia; Konstantopoulou, Irene; Slager, Susan; Jones, Michael; Antoniou, Antonis C.; Berchuck, Andrew; Swerdlow, Anthony; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia; Dunning, Alison M.; Pharoah, Paul D. P.; Hall, Per; Easton, Douglas F.; Couch, Fergus J.; Spurdle, Amanda B.

    2016-01-01

    Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10- 6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10-5, respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations. PMID:26586665

  3. Re-Orienting Coupling of Organocuprates with Propargyl Electrophiles from SN2' to SN2 with Stereocontrol.

    PubMed

    Trost, Barry M; Debien, Laurent

    2016-01-01

    Diorganocuprate(I) reagents derived from lithiated heterocycles and CuCN react with enantioenriched secondary propagryl bromides to give the corresponding propargylated heterocycles. While propargyl electrophiles typically undergo S N 2' displacement, this transformation represents the first example of the reaction of hard carbanions with propargyl eletrophiles in an S N 2 fashion and occurs with excellent levels of stereoinversion. The new method was applied to the formal synthesis of (+)-frondosin B.

  4. Rhenium-Promoted C-C Bond-Cleavage Reactions of Internal Propargyl Alcohols.

    PubMed

    Lee, Kui Fun; Bai, Wei; Sung, Herman H Y; Williams, Ian D; Lin, Zhenyang; Jia, Guochen

    2018-06-07

    The first examples of C-C bond cleavage reactions of internal propargyl alcohols to give vinylidene complexes are described. Treatment of [Re(dppm) 3 ]I with RC≡CC(OH)R'R'' (R=aryl, alkyl; C(OH)R'R''=C(OH)Ph 2, C(OH)Me 2 , C(OH)HPh, C(OH)H 2 ) produced the vinylidene complexes ReI(=C=CHR)(dppm) 2 with the elimination of C(O)R'R''. Computational studies support that the reactions proceed through a β-alkynyl elimination of alkoxide intermediates Re{OC(R')(R'')C≡CR}(dppm) 2 . © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  5. Crystal structures of monoamine oxidase B in complex with four inhibitors of the N-propargylaminoindan class.

    PubMed

    Binda, Claudia; Hubálek, Frantisek; Li, Min; Herzig, Yaacov; Sterling, Jeffrey; Edmondson, Dale E; Mattevi, Andrea

    2004-03-25

    Monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) is an outer mitochondrial membrane enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arylalkylamine neurotransmitters. The crystal structures of MAO B in complex with four of the N-propargylaminoindan class of MAO covalent inhibitors (rasagiline, N-propargyl-1(S)-aminoindan, 6-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan, and N-methyl-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan) have been determined at a resolution of better than 2.1 A. Rasagiline, 6-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan, and N-methyl-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan adopt essentially the same conformation with the extended propargyl chain covalently bound to the flavin and the indan ring located in the rear of the substrate cavity. N-Propargyl-1(S)-aminoindan binds with the indan ring in a flipped conformation with respect to the other inhibitors, which causes a slight movement of the Tyr326 side chain. Four ordered water molecules are an integral part of the active site and establish H-bond interactions to the inhibitor atoms. These structural studies may guide future drug design to improve selectivity and efficacy by introducing appropriate substituents on the rasagiline molecular scaffold.

  6. Efficient n-doping of graphene films by APPE (aminophenyl propargyl ether): a substituent effect.

    PubMed

    Kim, Youngsoo; Yoo, Je Min; Jeon, Hak Rim; Hong, Byung Hee

    2013-11-14

    We report the synthesis and applications of APPE (aminophenyl propargyl ether) as a novel n-type dopant for graphene. The characteristics of APPE-doped graphene films were investigated using Raman spectroscopy as well as electron transport measurements. The Raman 2D/G peak ratio decreased by more than 40%, and the minimum conductivity voltage (Dirac voltage) was shifted to -133 V as the pristine graphene was doped with APPE, indicating that the graphene was strongly n-doped. We suppose that the electron donating property of the amine group (-NH2) is the origin of such an intense n-doping effect. In contrast, a similar molecule with an electron withdrawing nitro group (-NO2) (nitrophenyl propargyl ether, NPPE) showed a slight p-doping effect. Thus, we conclude that the doping effect of a molecular framework strongly depends on the functional substituents, which can be represented by the Hammett equation. We also confirmed that the sheet resistance of the APPE doped graphene film was reduced by ∼70%, which is crucial to enhance the electrical conductivity of graphene for various electronic applications. In addition, the acetylene group of APPE appears promising to be utilized in "click chemistry" to further functionalize the π-surface of graphene for sensors and bio applications.

  7. Propargyl alcohol

    Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

    Propargyl alcohol ; CASRN 107 - 19 - 7 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data , as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process . Sections I ( Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic

  8. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of Propargyl Bromodifluoroacetates.

    PubMed

    Ambler, Brett R; Peddi, Santosh; Altman, Ryan A

    2014-07-15

    The development of efficient methods for accessing fluorinated functional groups is desirable. Herein, we report a two-step method that utilizes catalytic Cu for the decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of propargyl bromodifluoroacetates. This protocol affords a mixture of propargyl trifluoromethanes and trifluoromethyl allenes.

  9. Practical synthesis, anticonvulsant, and antimicrobial activity of N-allyl and N-propargyl di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones.

    PubMed

    Praveen, Chandrasekaran; Ayyanar, Asairajan; Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai

    2011-07-01

    An operation friendly protocol for the synthesis of novel di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones via Cu(OTf)(2) catalyzed bis-addition of N-allyl and N-propargyl indole with isatin was developed. This methodology allowed us to achieve the products in excellent yields without requiring purification technique like column chromatography. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vivo anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock test. Six compounds showed maximum activity compared to the standard drug phenytoin. The scope of the new molecules as antimicrobial agents were tested against two bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Recent developments in the metal-catalyzed reactions of metallocarbenoids from propargylic esters.

    PubMed

    Marco-Contelles, José; Soriano, Elena

    2007-01-01

    The transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular cycloisomerization of propargylic carboxylates provides functionalized bicyclo[n.1.0]enol esters in a very diastereoselective manner and, depending on the structure, with partial or complete transfer of chirality from enantiomerically pure precursors. The subsequent methanolysis gives bicyclo[n.1.0] ketones, hence resulting in a very efficient two-step protocol for the syntheses of alpha,beta-unsaturated cyclopropyl ketones, key intermediates for the preparation of natural products. The results from mechanistic computational studies suggest that they probably proceed through cyclopropyl metallocarbenoids, formed by endo-cyclopropanation, that undergo a 1,2-acyl migration. Finally, the potential of the intermolecular reaction and the related pentannulation of propargylic esters bearing pendant aromatic rings are also discussed.

  11. Copper(I)-catalyzed substitution reactions of propargylic amines: importance of C(sp)-C(sp3) bond cleavage in generation of iminium intermediates.

    PubMed

    Sugiishi, Tsuyuka; Kimura, Akifumi; Nakamura, Hiroyuki

    2010-04-21

    Substitution reactions of propargylic amines proceed in the presence of copper(I) catalysts. Mechanistic studies showed that C(sp)-C(sp(3)) bond cleavage assisted by nitrogen lone-pair electrons is essential for the reaction, and the resulting iminium intermediates undergo amine exchange, aldehyde exchange, and alkyne addition reactions. Because iminium intermediates are key to aldehyde-alkyne-amine (A(3)) coupling reactions, this transformation is effective not only for reconstruction of propargylic amines but also for chiral induction of racemic compounds in the presence of chiral catalysts.

  12. 20 CFR 332.6 - Standing by for and laying over between regularly assigned trips or tours of duty.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standing by for and laying over between regularly assigned trips or tours of duty. 332.6 Section 332.6 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY...

  13. Improved Method for the Synthesis of β-Carbonyl Silyl-1,3-Dithianes by the Double Conjugate Addition of 1,3-Dithiol to Propargylic Carbonyl Compounds

    PubMed Central

    Mukherjee, Sumit; Kontokosta, Dimitra; Patil, Aditi; Rallapalli, Sivakumar; Lee, Daesung

    2009-01-01

    Base-mediated double conjugate addition of 1,3-propane dithiol to various silylated propargylic aldehydes and ketones allows for an efficient and scalable synthesis of β-carbonyl silyl-1,3-dithianes. PMID:19877611

  14. Stereoscopic display technologies for FHD 3D LCD TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Dae-Sik; Ko, Young-Ji; Park, Sang-Moo; Jung, Jong-Hoon; Shestak, Sergey

    2010-04-01

    Stereoscopic display technologies have been developed as one of advanced displays, and many TV industrials have been trying commercialization of 3D TV. We have been developing 3D TV based on LCD with LED BLU (backlight unit) since Samsung launched the world's first 3D TV based on PDP. However, the data scanning of panel and LC's response characteristics of LCD TV cause interference among frames (that is crosstalk), and this makes 3D video quality worse. We propose the method to reduce crosstalk by LCD driving and backlight control of FHD 3D LCD TV.

  15. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral propargylic alcohols for the intramolecular Pauson-Khand cycloaddition.

    PubMed

    Turlington, Mark; Yue, Yang; Yu, Xiao-Qi; Pu, Lin

    2010-10-15

    Several methods for the catalytic asymmetric alkyne addition to aldehydes are used to prepare the propargylic alcohol-based chiral en-ynes. Protection of the propargylic alcohols with either an acetyl or a methyl group allows the resulting en-ynes to undergo the intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction to form the corresponding optically active 5,5- and 5,6-fused bicyclic products with high diastereoselectivity and high enantiomeric purity. In the major product, the propargylic substituent and the bridgehead hydrogen are cis with respect to each other on the fused bicyclic rings. The enantiomeric purity of the propargylic alcohols generated from the asymmetric alkyne addition is maintained in the cycloaddition products. The allylic ethers of the chiral propargylic alcohols are prepared which can also undergo the highly diastereoselective Pauson-Khand cycloaddition with retention of the high enantiomeric purity. This study has shown that the size of the substituents at the propargylic position as well as on the alkyne is important for the diastereoselectivity with the greater bulkiness of the substituents giving higher diastereoselectivity.

  16. 12 CFR 332.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information to be included in privacy notices... OF GENERAL POLICY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 332.6 Information to be included in privacy notices. (a) General rule. The initial, annual and revised privacy...

  17. Rhodium-Catalyzed Acyloxy Migration of Propargylic Esters in Cycloadditions, Inspiration from Recent “Gold Rush”

    PubMed Central

    Shu, Xing-Zhong; Shu, Dongxu; Schienebeck, Casi M.

    2012-01-01

    Transition metal-catalyzed acyloxy migration of propargylic esters offers versatile entries to allene and vinyl carbene intermediates for various fascinating subsequent transformations. Most π-acidic metals (e.g. gold and platinum) are capable of facilitating these acyloxy migration events. However, very few of these processes involve redox chemistry, which are well-known for most other transition metals such as rhodium. The coupling of acyloxy migration of propargylic esters with oxidative addition, migratory insertion, and reductive elimination may lead to ample new opportunities for the design of new reactions. This tutorial review summarizes recent developments in Rh-catalyzed 1,3- and 1,2-acyloxy migration of propargylic esters in a number of cycloaddition reactions. Related Au- and Pt-catalyzed cycloadditions involving acyloxy migration are also discussed. PMID:22895533

  18. Palladium pincer complex catalyzed stannyl and silyl transfer to propargylic substrates: synthetic scope and mechanism.

    PubMed

    Kjellgren, Johan; Sundén, Henrik; Szabó, Kálmán J

    2005-02-16

    Pincer complex catalyzed substitution of various propargylic substrates could be achieved using tin- and silicon-based dimetallic reagents to obtain propargyl- and allenylstannanes and silanes. These reactions involving chloride, mesylate, and epoxide substrates could be carried out under mild conditions, and therefore many functionalities (such as COOEt, OR, OH, NR, and NAc) are tolerated. It was shown that pincer catalysts with electron-supplying ligands, such as NCN, SCS, and SeCSe complexes, display the highest catalytic activity. The catalytic substitution of secondary propargyl chlorides and primary propargyl chlorides with electron-withdrawing substituents proceeds with high regioselectivity providing the allenyl product. Opening of the propargyl epoxides takes place with an excellent stereo- and regioselectivity to give stereodefined allenylstannanes. Silylstannanes as dimetallic reagents undergo an exclusive silyl transfer to the propargylic substrate affording allenylsilanes with high regioselectivity. According to our mechanistic studies, the key intermediate of the reaction is an organostannane (or silane)-coordinated pincer complex, which is formed from the dimetallic reagent and the corresponding pincer complex catalyst. DFT modeling studies have shown that the trimethylstannyl functionality is transferred to the propargylic substrate in a single reaction step with high allenyl selectivity. Inspection of the TS structures reveals that the trimethylstannyl group transfer is initiated by the attack of the palladium-tin sigma-bond electrons on the propargylic substrate. This is a novel mechanism in palladium chemistry, which is based on the unique topology of the pincer complex catalysts.

  19. Direct two-photon excitation of Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Tb.DOTA-, and Tb.propargylDO3A in solution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sørensen, Thomas Just; Blackburn, Octavia A.; Tropiano, Manuel; Faulkner, Stephen

    2012-07-01

    We have observed direct two-photon excitation of samarium, europium and terbium ions in solution upon near IR excitation using a tuneable pulsed light source, and have also studied two-photon processes in a pair of related terbium complexes, namely [Tb.DOTA]- and Tb.propargylDO3A. Direct two-photon excitation of lanthanides is observed in simple systems in the absence of sensitizing chromophores. Where even simple chromophores such as a triple bond are present in the complex, then single and two-photon excitation of chromophore excited states competes with direct two-photon excitation of the ions and is the dominant pathway for sensitizing formation of the lanthanide excited state.

  20. The Possibility of Forming Propargyl Alcohol in the Interstellar Medium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gorai, Prasanta; Das, Ankan; Majumdar, Liton; Chakrabarti, Sandip Kumar; Sivaraman, Bhalamurugan; Herbst, Eric

    2017-03-01

    Propargyl alcohol (HC2CH2OH, PA) has yet to be observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) although one of its stable isomers, propenal (CH2CHCHO), has already been detected in Sagittarius B2(N) with the 100-meter Green Bank Telescope in the frequency range 18 - 26 GHz. In this paper, we investigate the formation of propargyl alcohol along with one of its deuterated isotopomers, HC2CH2OD (OD-PA), in a dense molecular cloud. Various pathways for the formation of PA in the gas and on ice mantles surrounding dust particles are discussed. We use a large gas-grain chemical network to study the chemical evolution of PA and its deuterated isotopomer. Our results suggest that gaseous HC2CH2OH can most likely be detected in hot cores or in collections of hot cores such as the star-forming region Sgr B2(N). A simple LTE (Local thermodynamic equilibrium) radiative transfer model is employed to check the possibility of detecting PA and OD-PA in the millimeter-wave regime. In addition, we have carried out quantum chemical calculations to compute the vibrational transition frequencies and intensities of these species in the infrared for perhaps future use in studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

  1. One-pot synthesis of 2,5-dihydropyrroles from terminal alkynes, azides, and propargylic alcohols by relay actions of copper, rhodium, and gold.

    PubMed

    Miura, Tomoya; Tanaka, Takamasa; Matsumoto, Kohei; Murakami, Masahiro

    2014-12-01

    Relay actions of copper, rhodium, and gold formulate a one-pot multistep pathway, which directly gives 2,5-dihydropyrroles starting from terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, and propargylic alcohols. Initially, copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with sulfonyl azides affords 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, which then react with propargylic alcohols under the catalysis of rhodium. The resulting alkenyl propargyl ethers subsequently undergo the thermal Claisen rearrangement to give α-allenyl-α-amino ketones. Finally, a gold catalyst prompts 5-endo cyclization to produce 2,5-dihydropyrroles. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  2. AgI /TMG-Promoted Cascade Reaction of Propargyl Alcohols, Carbon Dioxide, and 2-Aminoethanols to 2-Oxazolidinones.

    PubMed

    Li, Xue-Dong; Song, Qing-Wen; Lang, Xian-Dong; Chang, Yao; He, Liang-Nian

    2017-11-17

    Chemical valorization of CO 2 to access various value-added compounds has been a long-term and challenging objective from the viewpoint of sustainable chemistry. Herein, a one-pot three-component reaction of terminal propargyl alcohols, CO 2 , and 2-aminoethanols was developed for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones and an equal amount of α-hydroxyl ketones promoted by Ag 2 O/TMG (1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine) with a TON (turnover number) of up to 1260. By addition of terminal propargyl alcohol, the thermodynamic disadvantage of the conventional 2-aminoethanol/CO 2 coupling was ameliorated. Mechanistic investigations including control experiments, DFT calculation, kinetic and NMR studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through a cascade pathway and TMG could activate propargyl alcohol and 2-aminoethanol through the formation of hydrogen bonds and also activate CO 2 . © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Propargylation of Ugi Amide Dianion: An Entry into Pyrrolidinone and Benzoindolizidine Alkaloid Analogues.

    PubMed

    Zidan, Alaa; Cordier, Marie; El-Naggar, Abeer M; Abd El-Sattar, Nour E A; Hassan, Mohamed Ali; Ali, Ali Khalil; El Kaïm, Laurent

    2018-05-04

    Propargylation of Ugi adducts under the addition of excess sodium hydride in DMSO leads to direct formation of pyrrolidinone enamides, which are useful precursors of iminium intermediates and may be trapped by various nucleophiles. This approach has been applied to the formation of benzoindolizidine alkaloids with high diversity via a Ugi/propargylation/Pictet-Spengler cyclization.

  4. Lessons Learned from the Wide Field Camera 3 TV1 and TV2 Thermal Vacuum Test Campaigns

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Peabody, Hume; Stavely, Richard; Bast, William

    2008-01-01

    The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument has undergone two complete thermal vacuum tests (TV1 and TV2), during which valuable lessons were learned regarding test configuration, test execution, model capabilities, and modeling practices. The very complex thermal design of WFC3 produced a number of challenging aspects to ground testing with numerous ThermoElectric Coolers and heat pipes, not all of which were functional. Lessons learned during TV1 resulted in significant upgrades to the model capabilities and a change in the test environment approach for TV2. These upgrades proved invaluable during TV2 when pretest modeling assumptions proved to be false. Each of the lessons learned relate to one of two following broad statements: 1. Ensure the design can be tested and that the effect of non-flight like conditions is well understood, particularly with respect to non passive devices (TECs, Heat Pipes, etc) 2. Ensure that the model is sufficiently detailed and is capable of predicting off-nominal behavior and the power dissipation of any thermal devices, especially TECs This paper outlines a number of the lessons learned over these two test campaigns with respect to the thermal design, model, and test configuration and presents recommendations for future tests.

  5. Consecutive three-component synthesis of (hetero)arylated propargyl amides by chemoenzymatic aminolysis-Sonogashira coupling sequence.

    PubMed

    Hassan, Sidra; Ullrich, Anja; Müller, Thomas J J

    2015-02-07

    A novel chemoenzymatic three-component synthesis of (hetero)arylated propargyl amides in good yields based upon Novozyme® 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B)) catalyzed aminolysis of methyl carboxylates followed by Sonogashira coupling with (hetero)aryliodides in a consecutive one-pot fashion has been presented. This efficient methodology can be readily concatenated with a CuAAC (Cu catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition) as a third consecutive step to furnish 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ligated arylated propargyl amides. This one-pot process can be regarded as a transition metal catalyzed sequence that takes advantage of the copper source still present from the cross-coupling step.

  6. p-TSA/Base-Promoted Propargylation/Cyclization of β-Ketothioamides for the Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted (Hydro)thiophenes.

    PubMed

    Nandi, Ganesh Chandra; Singh, Maya Shankar

    2016-07-15

    Metal-free, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA)-mediated, straightforward propargylation of β-ketothioamides with aryl propargyl alcohol has been achieved at room temperature. In addition, the reaction also provided thiazole rings as byproducts. Furthermore, the propargylated thioamides undergo intramolecular 1,5-cyclization to afford fully substituted (hydro)thiophenes in the presence of base. Notably, the approach is pot, atom, and step economical (PASE).

  7. CU(I)BR MEDIATED COUPLING OF ALKYNES WITH N-ACYLIMINE AND N-ACYLIMINIUM IONS IN WATER. (R828129)

    EPA Science Inventory

    A coupling of alkynes with N-acylimines and N-acyliminium ions mediated by Cu(I) was developed in water to generate propargyl amide derivatives.


    Graphical Abstract


  8. Evaluation of propargyl bromide for control of barnyardgrass and Fusarium oxysporum in three soils.

    PubMed

    Ma, Q; Gan, J; Becker, J O; Papiernik, S K; Yates, S R

    2001-09-01

    With the scheduled phasing out of methyl bromide, there is an urgent need for alternatives. We evaluated the efficacy of propargyl bromide as a potential replacement for methyl bromide for the control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Fusarium oxysporum in an Arlington sandy loam, a Carsitas loamy sand and a Florida muck soil. Soil was mixed with barnyardgrass seeds or F oxysporum colonized on millet seeds, and treated with propargyl bromide at a range of concentrations. The mortality of the fungi and weed seeds was determined after 24 h of exposure at 30 degrees C. The concentrations required to inhibit 50% barnyard seed germination (LC50) were 2.8, 2.4 and 48.5 micrograms g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. In contrast, the LC50 values for F oxysporum were 11.2, 10.8 and 182.1 micrograms g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. The low efficacy of propargyl bromide in the muck soil was a result of the rapid degradation and high adsorption of the compound in the soil. The degradation half-life (t1/2) was only 7 h in the muck soil at an initial concentration of 6.8 micrograms g-1, compared to 60 and 67 h in the sandy loam and loamy sand, respectively. The adsorption coefficients (Kd) were 0.96, 0.87 and 5.6 cm3 g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. These results suggest that registration agencies should consider site-specific properties in recommending application rates for propargyl bromide.

  9. Copper-catalyst-controlled site-selective allenylation of ketones and aldehydes with propargyl boronates.

    PubMed

    Fandrick, Keith R; Ogikubo, Junichi; Fandrick, Daniel R; Patel, Nitinchandra D; Saha, Jaideep; Lee, Heewon; Ma, Shengli; Grinberg, Nelu; Busacca, Carl A; Senanayake, Chris H

    2013-03-15

    A practical and highly site-selective copper-PhBPE-catalyst-controlled allenylation with propargyl boronates has been developed. The methodology has shown to be tolerant of diverse ketones and aldehydes providing the allenyl adducts in high selectivity. The BPE ligand and boronate substituents were shown to direct the site selectivity for which either propargyl or allenyl adducts can be acquired in high selectivity. A model is proposed that explains the origin of the site selectivity.

  10. Primary amino acid derivatives: substitution of the 4'-N'-benzylamide site in (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3-methylbutanamide, (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanamide, and (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3-methoxypropionamide provides potent anticonvulsants with pain-attenuating properties.

    PubMed

    King, Amber M; Salomé, Christophe; Salomé-Grosjean, Elise; De Ryck, Marc; Kaminski, Rafal; Valade, Anne; Stables, James P; Kohn, Harold

    2011-10-13

    Recently, we reported that select N'-benzyl 2-substituted 2-amino acetamides (primary amino acid derivatives (PAADs)) exhibited pronounced activities in established whole animal anticonvulsant (i.e., maximal electroshock seizure (MES)) and neuropathic pain (i.e., formalin) models. The anticonvulsant activities of C(2)-hydrocarbon N'-benzyl 2-amino acetamides (MES ED(50) = 13-21 mg/kg) exceeded those of phenobarbital (ED(50) = 22 mg/kg). Two additional studies defining the structure-activity relationship of PAADs are presented in this issue of the journal. In this study, we demonstrated that the anticonvulsant activities of (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3-methylbutanamide and (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanamide were sensitive to substituents at the 4'-N'-benzylamide site; electron-withdrawing groups retained activity, electron-donating groups led to a loss of activity, and incorporating either a 3-fluorobenzyloxy or 3-fluorophenoxymethyl group using a rationally designed multiple ligand approach improved activity. Additionally, we showed that substituents at the 4'-N'-benzylamide site of (R)-N'-benzyl 2-amino-3-methoxypropionamide also improved anticonvulsant activity, with the 3-fluorophenoxymethyl group providing the largest (∼4-fold) increase in activity (ED(50) = 8.9 mg/kg), a value that surpassed phenytoin (ED(50) = 9.5 mg/kg). Collectively, the pharmacological findings provided new information that C(2)-hydrocarbon PAADs represent a novel class of anticonvulsants.

  11. 47 CFR 73.3572 - Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster applications. 73.3572 Section 73.3572..., low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster applications. (a) Applications for TV stations are..., TV translator, and TV booster stations authorized under part 74 of this chapter, a major change is...

  12. Bis-propargyl thermosets

    DOEpatents

    Douglas, Elliot P.; Langlois, David A.; Benicewicz, Brian C.

    1995-01-01

    The present invention provides (1) curable bispropargyl-containing monomers represented by the formula: B.sup.1 --A.sup.1.sub.m --R--A.sup.2.sub.n --B.sup.2 wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenyl, 2,6-naphthalene, --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CR.sup.2 .dbd.CR.sup.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -- wherein R.sup.2 is H or CH.sub.3, and the same where said groups contain one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --C(O)--O-- and --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --O--C(O)--, m and n are 0 or 1, m+n is 0, 1 or 2, and B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 are --OCH.sub.2 --C.tbd.C--H, (2) thermoset compositions comprised of cured segments derived from monomers represented by the formula: B.sup.1 --A.sup.1.sub.m --R--A.sup.2.sub.n --B.sup.2 as described above, and (3) curable blends of at least two of the monomers.

  13. Unusual hafnium-pyridylamido/ER(n) heterobimetallic adducts (ER(n) = ZnR2 or AlR3).

    PubMed

    Rocchigiani, Luca; Busico, Vincenzo; Pastore, Antonello; Talarico, Giovanni; Macchioni, Alceo

    2014-02-17

    NMR spectroscopy and DFT studies indicate that the Symyx/Dow Hf(IV)-pyridylamido catalytic system for olefin polymerization, [{N(-),N,CNph(-)}HfMe][B(C6F5)4] (1, Nph = naphthyl), interacts with ER(n) (E = Al or Zn, R = alkyl group) to afford unusual heterobimetallic adducts [{N(-),N}HfMe(μ-CNph)(μ-R)ER(n-1)][B(C6F5)4 in which the cyclometalated Nph acts as a bridge between Hf and E. (1)H VT (variable-temperature) EXSY NMR spectroscopy provides direct evidence of reversible alkyl exchanges in heterobimetallic adducts, with ZnR2 showing a higher tendency to participate in this exchange than AlR3. 1-Hexene/ERn competitive reactions with 1 at 240 K reveal that the formation of adducts is strongly favored over 1-hexene polymerization. Nevertheless, a slight increase in the temperature (to >265 K) initiates 1-hexene polymerization. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  14. Unprecedented Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence for Allenyl and Propargyl Titanocene(IV) Complexes: Electrophilic Quenching of Their Metallotropic Equilibrium.

    PubMed

    Ruiz-Muelle, Ana Belén; Oña-Burgos, Pascual; Ortuño, Manuel A; Oltra, J Enrique; Rodríguez-García, Ignacio; Fernández, Ignacio

    2016-02-12

    The synthesis and structural characterization of allenyl titanocene(IV) [TiClCp2 (CH=C=CH2 )] 3 and propargyl titanocene(IV) [TiClCp2 (CH2 -C≡C-(CH2 )4 CH3 )] 9 have been described for the first time. Advanced NMR methods including diffusion NMR methods (diffusion pulsed field gradient stimulated spin echo (PFG-STE) and DOSY) have been applied and established that these organometallics are monomers in THF solution with hydrodynamic radii (from the Stokes-Einstein equation) of 3.5 and 4.1 Å for 3 and 9, respectively. Full (1) H, (13) C, Δ(1) H, and Δ(13) C NMR data are given, and through the analysis of the Ramsey equation, the first electronic insights into these derivatives are provided. In solution, they are involved in their respective metallotropic allenyl-propargyl equilibria that, after quenching experiments with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and protonating agents, always give the propargyl products P (when carbonyls are employed), or allenyl products A (when a proton source is added) as the major isomers. In all the cases assayed, the ratio of products suggests that the metallotropic equilibrium should be faster than the reactions of 3 and 9 with electrophiles. Indeed, DFT calculations predict lower Gibbs energy barriers for the metallotropic equilibrium, thus confirming dynamic kinetic resolution. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Skylab (SL)-3 - Astronaut Jack R. Lousma - Utensils

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1973-09-19

    S73-34198 (1 Aug. 1973) --- A close-up view of the hands of astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, using a silverware utensil to gather food at the food station, in this photographic reproduction taken from a television transmission made by a color TV camera aboard the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. Astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander, had just zoomed the TV camera in for this close-up of the food tray following a series of wide shots of Lousma at the food station. Photo credit: NASA

  16. Novel N-allyl/propargyl tetrahydroquinolines: Synthesis via Three-component Cationic Imino Diels-Alder Reaction, Binding Prediction, and Evaluation as Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

    PubMed

    Rodríguez, Yeray A; Gutiérrez, Margarita; Ramírez, David; Alzate-Morales, Jans; Bernal, Cristian C; Güiza, Fausto M; Romero Bohórquez, Arnold R

    2016-10-01

    New N-allyl/propargyl 4-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines derivatives were efficiently synthesized using acid-catalyzed three components cationic imino Diels-Alder reaction (70-95%). All compounds were tested in vitro as dual acetylcholinesterase and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitors and their potential binding modes, and affinity, were predicted by molecular docking and binding free energy calculations (∆G) respectively. The compound 4af (IC50 = 72 μm) presented the most effective inhibition against acetylcholinesterase despite its poor selectivity (SI = 2), while the best inhibitory activity on butyryl-cholinesterase was exhibited by compound 4ae (IC50 = 25.58 μm) with considerable selectivity (SI = 0.15). Molecular docking studies indicated that the most active compounds fit in the reported acetylcholinesterase and butyryl-cholinesterase active sites. Moreover, our computational data indicated a high correlation between the calculated ∆G and the experimental activity values in both targets. © 2016 The Authors Chemical Biology & Drug Design Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. Inactivation of purified human recombinant monoamine oxidases A and B by rasagiline and its analogues.

    PubMed

    Hubálek, Frantisek; Binda, Claudia; Li, Min; Herzig, Yaacov; Sterling, Jeffrey; Youdim, Moussa B H; Mattevi, Andrea; Edmondson, Dale E

    2004-03-25

    The inactivation of purified human recombinant monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B by rasagiline [N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan] and four of its analogues [N-propargyl-1(S)-aminoindan (S-PAI), 6-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-HPAI), N-methyl-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-MPAI), and 6-(N-methyl-N-ethyl carbamoyloxy)-N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (R-CPAI)] has been investigated. All compounds tested, with the exception of R-CPAI, form stoichiometric N(5) flavocyanine adducts with the FAD moiety of either enzyme. No H(2)O(2) is produced during either MAO A or MAO B inactivation, which demonstrates that covalent addition occurs in a single turnover. Rasagiline has the highest specificity for MAO B, as demonstrated by a 100-fold higher inhibition potency (k(inact)/K(i)) compared to MAO A, with the remaining compounds exhibiting lower isozyme specificities. MAO B and MAO A are more selective for the R-enantiomer (rasagiline) compared to the S-enantiomer (S-PAI) by 2500-fold and 17-fold, respectively. Differences in UV/vis and CD spectral data of the complexes of the studied compounds with both MAO A and MAO B are interpreted in light of crystallographic data of complexes of MAO B with rasagiline and its analogues (Binda, C.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 1767-1774.

  18. Kraft lignin chain extension chemistry via propargylation, oxidative coupling, and Claisen rearrangement.

    PubMed

    Sen, Sanghamitra; Sadeghifar, Hasan; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S

    2013-10-14

    Despite its aromatic and polymeric nature, the heterogeneous, stochastic, and reactive characteristics of softwood kraft lignin seriously limit its potential for thermoplastic applications. Our continuing efforts toward creating thermoplastic lignin polymers are now focused at exploring propargylation derivatization chemistry and its potential as a versatile novel route for the eventual utilization of technical lignins with a significant amount of molecular control. To do this, we initially report the systematic propargylation of softwood kraft lignin. The synthesized derivatives were extensively characterized with thermal methods (DSC, TGA), (1)H, (13)C, and quantitative (31)P NMR and IR spectroscopies. Further on, we explore the versatile nature of the lignin pendant propargyl groups by demonstrating two distinct chain extension chemistries; the solution-based, copper-mediated, oxidative coupling and the thermally induced, solid-state, Claissen rearrangement polymerization chemistries. Overall, we show that it is possible to modulate the reactivity of softwood kraft lignin via a combination of methylation and chain extension providing a rational means for the creation of higher molecular weight polymers with the potential for thermoplastic materials and carbon fibers with the desired control of structure-property relations.

  19. 47 CFR 73.3572 - Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV... Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.3572 Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast... considered minor only if the change(s) will not increase the signal range of the Class A TV, low power TV or...

  20. 47 CFR 73.3572 - Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV... Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.3572 Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast... considered minor only if the change(s) will not increase the signal range of the Class A TV, low power TV or...

  1. 47 CFR 73.3572 - Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV... Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.3572 Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast... considered minor only if the change(s) will not increase the signal range of the Class A TV, low power TV or...

  2. 47 CFR 73.3572 - Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast, low power TV, TV translators, and TV booster...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV... Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.3572 Processing of TV broadcast, Class A TV broadcast... considered minor only if the change(s) will not increase the signal range of the Class A TV, low power TV or...

  3. Novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing compound, S-propargyl-cysteine, prevents STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Qian, Xin; Li, Xinghui; Ma, Fenfen

    2016-05-13

    In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC, also named as ZYZ-802), a novel hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S)-releasing compound, had renoprotective effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney injury. SPRC treatment significantly reduced the level of creatinine, kidney to body weight ratio and in particular, markedly decreased 24-h urine microalbuminuria excretion. SPRC suppressed the mRNA expression of fibronectin and type IV collagen. In vitro, SPRC inhibited mesangial cells over-proliferation and hypertrophy induced by high glucose. Additionally, SPRC attenuated inflammation in diabetic kidneys. SPRC also reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling and expression of phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) pathway. Moreover,more » SPRC inhibited phosphorylation of ERK, p38 protein. Taken together, SPRC was demonstrated to be a potential therapeutic candidate to suppress diabetic nephropathy. - Highlights: • We synthesized a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing compound, S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC). • SPRC was preliminarily demonstrated to prevent STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). • SPRC may exert potential therapeutic candidate to suppress DN.« less

  4. Propargyl + O 2 Reaction in Helium Droplets: Entrance Channel Barrier or Not?

    DOE PAGES

    Moradi, Christopher P.; Morrison, Alexander M.; Klippenstein, Stephen J.; ...

    2013-09-09

    A combination of liquid He droplet experiments and multireference electronic structure calculations is used to probe the potential energy surface for the reaction between the propargyl radical and O 2. Infrared laser spectroscopy is used to probe the outcome of the low temperature, liquid He-mediated reaction. Bands in the spectrum are assigned to the acetylenic CH stretch (ν 1), the symmetric CH 2 stretch (ν 2), and the antisymmetric CH 2 stretch (ν 13) of the trans-acetylenic propargyl peroxy radical (•OO—CH 2—C≡CH). The observed band origins are in excellent agreement with previously reported anharmonic frequency computations for this species. Themore » Stark spectrum of the ν 1 band provides further evidence that the reaction leads only to the trans-acetylenic species. There are no other bands in the CH 2 stretching region that can be attributed to any of the other three propargyl peroxy isomers/conformers that are predicted to be minimum energy structures ( gauche-acetylenic, cis-allenic, and trans-allenic). There is also no evidence for the kinetic stabilization of a van der Waals complex between propargyl and O 2. A combination of multireference and coupled-cluster electronic structure calculations is used to probe the potential energy surface in the neighborhood of the transition state connecting reactants with the acetylenic adduct. The multireference based evaluation of the doublet-quartet splitting added to the coupled-cluster calculated quartet state energies yields what are likely the most accurate predictions for the doublet potential curve. As a result, this calculation suggests that there is no saddle point for the addition process, in agreement with the experimental observations. Other calculations suggest the possible presence of a small submerged barrier.« less

  5. Structures of exocyclic R,R- and S,S-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine adducts induced by 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane.

    PubMed

    Kowal, Ewa A; Seneviratne, Uthpala; Wickramaratne, Susith; Doherty, Kathleen E; Cao, Xiangkun; Tretyakova, Natalia; Stone, Michael P

    2014-05-19

    1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an industrial and environmental chemical present in urban air and cigarette smoke, and is classified as a human carcinogen. It is oxidized by cytochrome P450 to form 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); DEB bis-alkylates the N(6) position of adenine in DNA. Two enantiomers of bis-N(6)-dA adducts of DEB have been identified: R,R-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (R,R-DHB-dA), and S,S-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (S,S-DHB-dA) [ Seneviratne , U. , Antsypovich , S. , Dorr , D. Q. , Dissanayake , T. , Kotapati , S. , and Tretyakova , N. ( 2010 ) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23 , 1556 -1567 ]. Herein, the R,R-DHB-dA and S,S-DHB-dA adducts have been incorporated into the 5'-d(C(1)G(2)G(3)A(4)C(5)X(6)A(7)G(8)A(9)A(10)G(11))-3':5'-d(C(12)T(13)T(14)C(15)T(16)T(17)G(18)T(19)C(20)C(21)G(22))-3' duplex [X(6) = R,R-DHB-dA (R(6)) or S,S-DHB-dA (S(6))]. The structures of the duplexes were determined by molecular dynamics calculations, which were restrained by experimental distances obtained from NMR data. Both the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA adducts are positioned in the major groove of DNA. In both instances, the bulky 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine rings are accommodated by an out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N(6) bond of the bis-alkylated adenine. In both instances, the directionality of the dihydroxypyrrolidine ring is evidenced by the pattern of NOEs between the 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine protons and DNA. Also in both instances, the anti conformation of the glycosyl bond is maintained, which combined with the out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N(6) bond, allows the complementary thymine, T(17), to remain stacked within the duplex, and form one hydrogen bond with the modified base, between the imine nitrogen of the modified base and the T(17) N3H imino proton. The loss of the second Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding interaction at the lesion sites correlates with the lower thermal stabilities of the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA duplexes, as

  6. Viewing 3D TV over two months produces no discernible effects on balance, coordination or eyesight

    PubMed Central

    Read, Jenny C.A.; Godfrey, Alan; Bohr, Iwo; Simonotto, Jennifer; Galna, Brook; Smulders, Tom V.

    2016-01-01

    Abstract With the rise in stereoscopic 3D media, there has been concern that viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) content could have long-term adverse effects, but little data are available. In the first study to address this, 28 households who did not currently own a 3D TV were given a new TV set, either S3D or 2D. The 116 members of these households all underwent tests of balance, coordination and eyesight, both before they received their new TV set, and after they had owned it for 2 months. We did not detect any changes which appeared to be associated with viewing 3D TV. We conclude that viewing 3D TV does not produce detectable effects on balance, coordination or eyesight over the timescale studied. Practitioner Summary: Concern has been expressed over possible long-term effects of stereoscopic 3D (S3D). We looked for any changes in vision, balance and coordination associated with normal home S3D TV viewing in the 2 months after first acquiring a 3D TV. We find no evidence of any changes over this timescale. PMID:26758965

  7. 47 CFR 73.6019 - Digital Class A TV station protection of low power TV, TV translator, digital low power TV and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... power TV, TV translator, digital low power TV and digital TV translator stations. 73.6019 Section 73... low power TV, TV translator, digital low power TV and digital TV translator stations. An application... A TV station will not be accepted if it fails to protect authorized low power TV, TV translator...

  8. Structures of Exocyclic R,R- and S,S-N6,N6-(2,3-Dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-Deoxyadenosine Adducts Induced by 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an industrial and environmental chemical present in urban air and cigarette smoke, and is classified as a human carcinogen. It is oxidized by cytochrome P450 to form 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); DEB bis-alkylates the N6 position of adenine in DNA. Two enantiomers of bis-N6-dA adducts of DEB have been identified: R,R-N6,N6-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-deoxyadenosine (R,R-DHB-dA), and S,S-N6,N6-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-deoxyadenosine (S,S-DHB-dA) [SeneviratneU., AntsypovichS., DorrD. Q., DissanayakeT., KotapatiS., and TretyakovaN. (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol.23, 1556−156720873715]. Herein, the R,R-DHB-dA and S,S-DHB-dA adducts have been incorporated into the 5′-d(C1G2G3A4C5X6A7G8A9A10G11)-3′:5′-d(C12T13T14C15T16T17G18T19C20C21G22)-3′ duplex [X6 = R,R-DHB-dA (R6) or S,S-DHB-dA (S6)]. The structures of the duplexes were determined by molecular dynamics calculations, which were restrained by experimental distances obtained from NMR data. Both the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA adducts are positioned in the major groove of DNA. In both instances, the bulky 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine rings are accommodated by an out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N6 bond of the bis-alkylated adenine. In both instances, the directionality of the dihydroxypyrrolidine ring is evidenced by the pattern of NOEs between the 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine protons and DNA. Also in both instances, the anti conformation of the glycosyl bond is maintained, which combined with the out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N6 bond, allows the complementary thymine, T17, to remain stacked within the duplex, and form one hydrogen bond with the modified base, between the imine nitrogen of the modified base and the T17 N3H imino proton. The loss of the second Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding interaction at the lesion sites correlates with the lower thermal stabilities of the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA duplexes, as compared to the corresponding unmodified duplex. The reduced base stacking at the

  9. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Alkynylation/Aldol Cyclization Cascade for the Formation of α-Propargyl-β-hydroxyketones.

    PubMed

    Choo, Ken-Loon; Lautens, Mark

    2018-03-02

    A rhodium-catalyzed conjugate alkynylation/aldol cyclization cascade was developed. Densely functionalized cyclic α-propargyl-β-hydroxyketones were synthesized with simultaneous formation of a C(sp)-C(sp 3 ) bond, a C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) bond, as well as three new contiguous stereocenters. The transformation was achieved with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities using BINAP as the ligand. The synthetic utility of the newly installed alkynyl moiety was exhibited by subjecting the products to an array of derivatizations.

  10. 47 CFR 73.6019 - Digital Class A TV station protection of low power TV, TV translator, digital low power TV and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of low power TV, TV translator, digital low power TV and digital TV translator stations. 73.6019 Section 73... BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6019 Digital Class A TV station protection of...

  11. Decolorization and biodegradation of textile dye Navy blue HER by Trichosporon beigelii NCIM-3326.

    PubMed

    Saratale, R G; Saratale, G D; Chang, J S; Govindwar, S P

    2009-07-30

    Navy blue HER was decolorized and degraded within 24h by Trichosporon beigelii NCIM-3326 under static condition. In the present study, we investigated various physicochemical parameters such as agitation, temperature, pH, cell concentration, initial dye concentration and different carbon and nitrogen sources to achieve maximum dye degradation by T. beigelii. Sequentially, decolorization and decrease in the total organic carbon (TOC) of Navy blue HER by T. beigelii were measured. Among five strains T. beigelii gave the better performance on the decolorization of Navy blue HER along with a 95% TOC reduction within 24h. A significant increase in the activities of NADH-DCIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) reductase and azoreductase in the cells obtained after complete decolorization presumably indicates involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. UV-vis, TLC, HPLC and FTIR analysis of extracted products confirmed the biodegradation of Navy blue HER. Phytotoxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegraded products with respect to plants viz. Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare. In addition to Navy blue HER, this strain also shows ability to decolorize various industrial dyes, including Red HE7B, Golden yellow 4BD, Green HE4BD, Orange HE2R, Malachite green, Crystal violet and Methyl violet.

  12. Isomer-specific detection in the UV photodissociation of the propargyl radical by chirped-pulse mm-wave spectroscopy in a pulsed quasi-uniform flow.

    PubMed

    Broderick, Bernadette M; Suas-David, Nicolas; Dias, Nureshan; Suits, Arthur G

    2018-02-21

    Isomer-specific detection and product branching fractions in the UV photodissociation of the propargyl radical is achieved through the use of chirped-pulse Fourier-transform mm-wave spectroscopy in a pulsed quasi-uniform flow (CPUF). Propargyl radicals are produced in the 193 nm photodissociation of 1,2-butadiene. Absorption of a second photon leads to H atom elimination giving three possible C 3 H 2 isomers: singlets cyclopropenylidene (c-C 3 H 2 ) and propadienylidene (l-C 3 H 2 ), and triplet propargylene ( 3 HCCCH). The singlet products and their appearance kinetics in the flow are directly determined by rotational spectroscopy, but due to the negligible dipole moment of propargylene, it is not directly monitored. However, we exploit the time-dependent kinetics of H-atom catalyzed isomerization to infer the branching to propargylene as well. We obtain the overall branching among H loss channels to be 2.9% (+1.1/-0.5) l-C 3 H 2 + H, 16.8% (+3.2/-1.3) c-C 3 H 2 + H, and 80.2 (+1.8/-4.2) 3 HCCCH + H. Our findings are qualitatively consistent with earlier RRKM calculations in that the major channel in the photodissociation of the propargyl radical at 193 nm is to 3 HCCCH + H; however, a greater contribution to the energetically most favorable isomer, c-C 3 H 2 + H is observed in this work. We do not detect the predicted HCCC + H 2 channel, but place an upper bound on its yield of 1%.

  13. Resolution of 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-3-phospholene 1-oxide with TADDOL derivatives and calcium salts of O,O'-Dibenzoyl-(2R,3R)- or O,O'-di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid.

    PubMed

    Bagi, Péter; Fekete, András; Kállay, Mihály; Hessz, Dóra; Kubinyi, Miklós; Holczbauer, Tamás; Czugler, Mátyás; Fogassy, Elemér; Keglevich, György

    2014-03-01

    The resolution methods applying (-)-(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane ("TADDOL"), (-)-(2R,3R)-α,α,α',α'-tetraphenyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2,3-dimethanol ("spiro-TADDOL"), as well as the acidic and neutral Ca(2+) salts of (-)-O,O'-dibenzoyl- and (-)-O,O'-di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid were extended for the preparation of 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-3-phospholene 1-oxide in optically active form. In one case, the intermediate diastereomeric complex could be identified by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute P-configuration of the enantiomers of the phospholene oxide was also determined by comparing the experimentally obtained and calculated CD spectra. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Novozyme 435-catalyzed asymmetric acylation of (R, S)-3-n- butylphthalide in hexane.

    PubMed

    He, Laping; Li, Cuiqin; Gao, Bing

    2009-01-01

    The asymmetric acylation of (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide could be efficiently catalyzed by Novozyme 435. The effect of various reaction parameters such as water activity, temperature, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide, and reaction time on the asymmetric acylation were studied. The optimums of the reaction parameters were water activity 0.62, temperature 30 degrees C, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide 8:1, and reaction time 48 h, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, enantiopure 3-n-butylphthalide with an optical purity of 95.7% enantiomeric excess and 49.1% yield could be obtained. Furthermore, the enantiomeric excess of product was over 98%.

  15. Rotational spectra of propargyl alcohol dimer: A dimer bound with three different types of hydrogen bonds

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mani, Devendra; Arunan, E., E-mail: arunan@ipc.iisc.ernet.in

    2014-10-28

    Pure rotational spectra of the propargyl alcohol dimer and its three deuterium isotopologues have been observed in the 4 to 13 GHz range using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. For the parent dimer, a total of 51 transitions could be observed and fitted within experimental uncertainty. For two mono-substituted and one bi-substituted deuterium isotopologues, a total of 14, 17, and 19 transitions were observed, respectively. The observed rotational constants for the parent dimer [A = 2321.8335(4) MHz, B = 1150.4774(2) MHz, and C = 1124.8898(2) MHz] are close to those of the most stable structure predicted by ab initiomore » calculations. Spectra of the three deuterated isotopologues and Kraitchman analysis positively confirm this structure. Geometrical parameters and “Atoms in Molecules” analysis on the observed structure reveal that the two propargyl alcohol units in the dimer are bound by three different types of hydrogen bonds: O–H⋯O, O–H⋯π, and C–H⋯π. To the best of our knowledge, propargyl alcohol seems to be the smallest molecule forming a homodimer with three different points of contact.« less

  16. Current status of stereoscopic 3D LCD TV technologies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Choi, Hee-Jin

    2011-06-01

    The year 2010 may be recorded as a first year of successful commercial 3D products. Among them, the 3D LCD TVs are expected to be the major one regarding the sales volume. In this paper, the principle of current stereoscopic 3D LCD TV techniques and the required flat panel display (FPD) technologies for the realization of them are reviewed. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

  17. Fit 5 Kids TV Reduction Program for Latino Preschoolers

    PubMed Central

    Mendoza, Jason A.; Baranowski, Tom; Jaramillo, Sandra; Fesinmeyer, Megan D.; Haaland, Wren; Thompson, Debbe; Nicklas, Theresa A.

    2015-01-01

    Introduction Reducing Latino preschoolers’ TV viewing is needed to reduce their risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. This study’s objective was to evaluate the Fit 5 Kids (F5K) TV reduction program’s impact on Latino preschooler’s TV viewing. Study design Cluster RCT with randomization at the center level and N=160 participants. Setting/participants Latino children aged 3–5 years and their parents were recruited from six Head Start centers in Houston, Texas, in 2010–2012 with analyses in 2013–2014. Intervention F5K was culturally adapted for Latino preschoolers and the overall goal was to reduce TV viewing. Study staff taught F5K over 7–8 weeks during the regular Head Start day directly to intervention students. Control schools provided the usual Head Start curriculum, which did not specifically cover TV viewing. Main outcome measures Individual-level outcomes were measured prior to (Time 1) and immediately following (Time 2) the intervention. The primary outcome, TV viewing (minutes/day), was measured by validated 7-day TV diaries (parent-reported). Sedentary time was measured by accelerometers. Results Per the adjusted repeated measures linear mixed effects model for TV viewing (minutes/day), intervention children decreased from 76.2 (9.9) at Time 1 to 52.1 (10.0) at Time 2, whereas control children remained about the same from 84.2 (10.5) at Time 1 to 85.4 (10.5) at Time 2. The relative difference from Time 1 to Time 2 was –25.3 (95% CI= –45.2, –5.4) minutes for intervention versus control children (N=160, p=0.01). In a similar adjusted model, there was a relative decrease in sedentary time (minutes/day) from Time 1 to Time 2 favoring the intervention children (–9.5, 95% CI= –23.0, 4.1), although not significant at p<0.05. Conclusions F5K reduced Latino preschoolers’ TV viewing by >25 minutes daily. These findings have implications for prevention of obesity, related disorders, and health equity. PMID:26572093

  18. Effect of Illumination on Ocular Status Modifications Induced by Short-Term 3D TV Viewing

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Yuanyuan; Xu, Aiqin; Jiang, Jian

    2017-01-01

    Objectives. This study aimed to compare changes in ocular status after 3D TV viewing under three modes of illumination and thereby identify optimal illumination for 3D TV viewing. Methods. The following measures of ocular status were assessed: the accommodative response, accommodative microfluctuation, accommodative facility, relative accommodation, gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, phoria, and fusional vergence. The observers watched 3D television for 90 minutes through 3D shutter glasses under three illumination modes: A, complete darkness; B, back illumination (50 lx); and C, front illumination (130 lx). The ocular status of the observers was assessed both before and after the viewing. Results. After 3D TV viewing, the accommodative response and accommodative microfluctuation were significantly changed under illumination Modes A and B. The near positive fusional vergence decreased significantly after the 90-minute 3D viewing session under each illumination mode, and this effect was not significantly different among the three modes. Conclusions. Short-term 3D viewing modified the ocular status of adults. The least amount of such change occurred with front illumination, suggesting that this type of illumination is an appropriate mode for 3D shutter TV viewing. PMID:28348893

  19. Photolabeling a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) with an (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR-Selective Positive Allosteric Modulator

    PubMed Central

    Deba, Farah; Wang, Ze-Jun; Cohen, Jonathan B.

    2016-01-01

    Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) have potential clinical applications in the treatment of nicotine dependence and many neuropsychiatric conditions associated with decreased brain cholinergic activity, and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrrazol-4-yl)isoxazole (CMPI) has been identified as a PAM selective for neuronal nAChRs containing the α4 subunit. In this report, we compare CMPI interactions with low-sensitivity (α4)3(β2)2 and high-sensitivity (α4)2(β2)3 nAChRs, and with muscle-type nAChRs. In addition, we use the intrinsic reactivity of [3H]CMPI upon photolysis at 312 nm to identify its binding sites in Torpedo nAChRs. Recording from Xenopus oocytes, we found that CMPI potentiated maximally the responses of (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR to 10 μM ACh (EC10) by 400% and with an EC50 of ∼1 µM. CMPI produced a left shift of the ACh concentration-response curve without altering ACh efficacy. In contrast, CMPI inhibited (∼35% at 10 µM) ACh responses of (α4)2(β2)3 nAChRs and fully inhibited human muscle and Torpedo nAChRs with IC50 values of ∼0.5 µM. Upon irradiation at 312 nm, [3H]CMPI photoincorporated into each Torpedo [(α1)2β1γδ] nAChR subunit. Sequencing of peptide fragments isolated from [3H]CMPI-photolabeled nAChR subunits established photolabeling of amino acids contributing to the ACh binding sites (αTyr190, αTyr198, γTrp55, γTyr111, γTyr117, δTrp57) that was fully inhibitable by agonist and lower-efficiency, state-dependent [3H]CMPI photolabeling within the ion channel. Our results establish that CMPI is a potent potentiator of nAChRs containing an α4:α4 subunit interface, and that its intrinsic photoreactivy makes it of potential use to identify its binding sites in the (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR. PMID:26976945

  20. 47 CFR 73.6012 - Protection of Class A TV, low power TV and TV translator stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... translator stations. 73.6012 Section 73.6012 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... of Class A TV, low power TV and TV translator stations. An application to change the facilities of an... power TV and TV translator stations and applications for changes in such stations filed prior to the...

  1. 47 CFR 74.707 - Low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.707 Low power TV and TV translator... low power TV or TV translator stations, or TV booster stations within the following predicted contours... construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster station or change the facilities of an existing...

  2. 47 CFR 74.707 - Low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.707 Low power TV and TV translator... low power TV or TV translator stations, or TV booster stations within the following predicted contours... construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster station or change the facilities of an existing...

  3. 47 CFR 74.707 - Low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.707 Low power TV and TV translator... low power TV or TV translator stations, or TV booster stations within the following predicted contours... construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster station or change the facilities of an existing...

  4. 47 CFR 74.707 - Low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.707 Low power TV and TV translator... low power TV or TV translator stations, or TV booster stations within the following predicted contours... construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster station or change the facilities of an existing...

  5. Catalytic enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions of propargyl and allyl groups

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meng, Fanke; Li, Xiben; Torker, Sebastian; Shi, Ying; Shen, Xiao; Hoveyda, Amir H.

    2016-09-01

    Conjugate (or 1,4-) additions of carbanionic species to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are vital to research in organic and medicinal chemistry, and there are several chiral catalysts that facilitate the catalytic enantioselective additions of nucleophiles to enoates. Nonetheless, catalytic enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions are uncommon, and ones that incorporate readily functionalizable moieties, such as propargyl or allyl groups, into acyclic α,β,γ,δ-doubly unsaturated acceptors are unknown. Chemical transformations that could generate a new bond at the C6 position of a dienoate are particularly desirable because the resulting products could then be subjected to further modifications. However, such reactions, especially when dienoates contain two equally substituted olefins, are scarce and are confined to reactions promoted by a phosphine-copper catalyst (with an alkyl Grignard reagent, dialkylzinc or trialkylaluminium compounds), a diene-iridium catalyst (with arylboroxines), or a bisphosphine-cobalt catalyst (with monosilyl-acetylenes). 1,6-Conjugate additions are otherwise limited to substrates where there is full substitution at the C4 position. It is unclear why certain catalysts favour bond formation at C6, and—although there are a small number of catalytic enantioselective conjugate allyl additions—related 1,6-additions and processes involving a propargyl unit are non-existent. Here we show that an easily accessible organocopper catalyst can promote 1,6-conjugate additions of propargyl and 2-boryl-substituted allyl groups to acyclic dienoates with high selectivity. A commercially available allenyl-boron compound or a monosubstituted allene may be used. Products can be obtained in up to 83 per cent yield, >98:2 diastereomeric ratio (for allyl additions) and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. We elucidate the mechanistic details, including the origins of high site selectivity (1,6- versus 1,4-) and enantioselectivity as a function of the catalyst

  6. 47 CFR 74.707 - Low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Low power TV and TV translator station... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.707 Low power TV and TV translator station protection. (a)(1) A low power TV or TV translator will be protected from interference from other...

  7. Mercury-Bridged Cobaltacarborane Complexes Containing B-Hg-B Three-Center Bonds. Synthesis and Structure of mu, mu’-((n5-C5R5)Co(CH3)2C2B3H4)Hg, mu-(n(5)-C5R5)Co(CH3)2C2B3H4)HgCl, (R=H, CH3) and Related Compounds.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    MERCURY-BRIDGED COBALTACARBORANE COMPLEXES CONTAINING B-HG-B TH--ETC(U) NOV 80 D C FINSTER . R N GRIMES N0 0 0 1 4-75-0305 UNCLASSXFIED TR󈧨 NL ILn...C5R5) Co 3)2C2B3 4 2 5 .- -C5R5 )Co(CH3)2C2B3H4 ]HgCl, (R=H, CH3 ) and Related Compounds, David C./ Finster -- Russell N./Grimes ( Department of Chemistry...Compounds 1 \\David C. Finster And Russell N. Grimes* Abstract. Reactions of the nid~p-cobaltacarborane anions 01CR )(C 3 )C BH and [n (H 1oC ihH~5n 5

  8. 47 CFR 74.710 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital low power TV and TV translator station... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.710 Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection. (a) An application to construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV...

  9. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formate by [Ni(P R 2N R' 2) 2(CH 3CN)] 2+ Complexes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Galan, Brandon R.; Schöffel, Julia; Linehan, John C.

    2011-08-17

    [Ni(P R 2N R' 2) 2(CH 3CN)] 2+ complexes with R = Ph, R' = 4-MeOPh or R = Cy, R' = Ph , and a mixed-ligand [Ni(P R 2N R' 2)(P R" 2N R' 2)(CH 3CN)] 2+ with R = Cy, R' = Ph, R" = Ph, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These and previously reported complexes are shown to be electrocatalysts for the oxidation of formate in solution to produce CO 2, protons, and electrons, with rates that are first-order in catalyst and formate at formate concentrations below ~0.04 M (34 equiv). At concentrationsmore » above ~0.06 M formate (52 equiv), catalytic rates become nearly independent of formate concentration. For the catalysts studied, maximum observed turnover frequencies vary from <1.1 to 15.8 s –1 at room temperature, which are the highest rates yet reported for formate oxidation by homogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are the only base-metal electrocatalysts as well as the only homogeneous electrocatalysts reported to date for the oxidation of formate. An acetate complex demonstrating an η 1-OC(O)CH 3 binding mode to nickel has also been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Based on this structure and the electrochemical and spectroscopic data, a mechanistic scheme for electrocatalytic formate oxidation is proposed which involves formate binding followed by a rate-limiting proton and two-electron transfer step accompanied by CO 2 liberation. Finally, the pendant amines have been demonstrated to be essential for electrocatalysis, as no activity toward formate oxidation was observed for the similar [Ni(depe) 2] 2+ (depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) complex.« less

  10. Electrocatalytic oxidation of formate by [Ni(P(R)2N(R')2)2(CH3CN)]2+ complexes.

    PubMed

    Galan, Brandon R; Schöffel, Julia; Linehan, John C; Seu, Candace; Appel, Aaron M; Roberts, John A S; Helm, Monte L; Kilgore, Uriah J; Yang, Jenny Y; DuBois, Daniel L; Kubiak, Clifford P

    2011-08-17

    [Ni(P(R)(2)N(R')(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](2+) complexes with R = Ph, R' = 4-MeOPh or R = Cy, R' = Ph , and a mixed-ligand [Ni(P(R)(2)N(R')(2))(P(R''(2))N(R'(2)))(CH(3)CN)](2+) with R = Cy, R' = Ph, R'' = Ph, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These and previously reported complexes are shown to be electrocatalysts for the oxidation of formate in solution to produce CO(2), protons, and electrons, with rates that are first-order in catalyst and formate at formate concentrations below ∼0.04 M (34 equiv). At concentrations above ∼0.06 M formate (52 equiv), catalytic rates become nearly independent of formate concentration. For the catalysts studied, maximum observed turnover frequencies vary from <1.1 to 15.8 s(-1) at room temperature, which are the highest rates yet reported for formate oxidation by homogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are the only base-metal electrocatalysts as well as the only homogeneous electrocatalysts reported to date for the oxidation of formate. An acetate complex demonstrating an η(1)-OC(O)CH(3) binding mode to nickel has also been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Based on this structure and the electrochemical and spectroscopic data, a mechanistic scheme for electrocatalytic formate oxidation is proposed which involves formate binding followed by a rate-limiting proton and two-electron transfer step accompanied by CO(2) liberation. The pendant amines have been demonstrated to be essential for electrocatalysis, as no activity toward formate oxidation was observed for the similar [Ni(depe)(2)](2+) (depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) complex.

  11. Tellurium(0) as a ligand: synthesis and characterization of 2-pyridyltellurolates of platinum(II) and structures of [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C5H3N}2Te(PR'3)] (R = H or Me).

    PubMed

    Chauhan, Rohit Singh; Kedarnath, G; Wadawale, Amey; Muñoz-Castro, Alvaro; Arratia-Perez, Ramiro; Jain, Vimal K; Kaim, Wolfgang

    2010-05-03

    Treatment of toluene solutions of the ditellurides [Te(2){C(5)H(3)N(R)-3}(2)] (R = H or Me) with [Pt(PPh(3))(4)] yielded two types of complexes, [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C(5)H(3)N}(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (1a-d) as the major products and [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C(5)H(3)N}(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2a-d) as minor products. The above complexes can also be obtained by the reaction of [PtCl(2)(PR'(3))(2)] (PR'(3) = PPh(3) or PPh(2)(2-C(5)H(4)N)) with 2 equiv of Na(2-Te-C(5)H(3)R). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and UV-vis, NMR ((1)H and (31)P), and (in part) XPS spectroscopy. The molecular structures of [Pt(2-Te-C(5)H(4)N)(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2a) and [Pt{2-Te-C(5)H(3)(Me)N}(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2b) were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both complexes exhibit a distorted square-planar configuration at the platinum(II) centers. The two mutually trans positioned 2-pyridinetellurolate ligands [2-Te-C(5)H(3)(R)N] coordinate to the central platinum atom in a monodentate fashion through the tellurium atoms. The tellurium(0) atom adopts a "bent T" configuration as it is bridging the 2-Te- C(5)H(3)(R)N molecules via N-Te-N bonds (166 degrees angle) and coordinates to Pt(II) in the trans position to PPh(3). The novel bis(pyridine)tellurium(0) arrangement resembles the bis(pyridine)iodonium structure. The calculated NICS indices and ELF functions clearly show that the compounds 2a and 2b are aromatic in the region defined by the Te-C-N-Te-Pt five-membered rings.

  12. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formate by [Ni(P R 2 N R' 2 ) 2 (CH 3 CN)] 2+ Complexes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Galan, Brandon R.; Schöffel, Julia; Linehan, John C.

    2011-08-17

    New [Ni(P R 2N R` 2) 2+(CH 3CN)] 2+ complexes with R = Ph, R` = 4-MeOPh; R = Cy, R` = Ph and a mixed ligand [Ni(P R 2N R` 2)(P R`` 2N R` 2)] 2+ with R = Cy, R` = Ph, R`` = Ph have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. These complexes are shown to be electrocatalysts for the oxidation of formate in solution to produce CO 2, protons, and electrons with rates which are first order in catalyst and in formate at formate concentrations below approximately 0.05 M. For the catalysts studied,more » maximum observed turnover frequencies vary from <1.1 s -1 to 12.5 s -1 at room temperature, which are the highest rates yet reported for formate oxidation by homogeneous catalysts. A mechanistic scheme is proposed which involves an initial nickel complex bound <1-OC(O)H followed by a rate limiting hydride transfer step. An acetate complex demonstrating the η 1-OC(O)CH 3 binding mode to nickel has also been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The pendant amines have been demonstrated to be essential for this electrocatalytic activity as no activity toward formate was found for the similar [Ni(depe) 2][BF 4] 2+ (depe = diethylphosphinoethane) complex. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences' Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.« less

  13. A system for extracting 3-dimensional measurements from a stereo pair of TV cameras

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yakimovsky, Y.; Cunningham, R.

    1976-01-01

    Obtaining accurate three-dimensional (3-D) measurement from a stereo pair of TV cameras is a task requiring camera modeling, calibration, and the matching of the two images of a real 3-D point on the two TV pictures. A system which models and calibrates the cameras and pairs the two images of a real-world point in the two pictures, either manually or automatically, was implemented. This system is operating and provides three-dimensional measurements resolution of + or - mm at distances of about 2 m.

  14. 47 CFR 74.792 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.792 Digital low power TV and TV... interference from other low power TV, TV translator, Class A TV or TV booster stations or digital low power TV...

  15. 47 CFR 74.792 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.792 Digital low power TV and TV... interference from other low power TV, TV translator, Class A TV or TV booster stations or digital low power TV...

  16. 47 CFR 74.792 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.792 Digital low power TV and TV... interference from other low power TV, TV translator, Class A TV or TV booster stations or digital low power TV...

  17. 47 CFR 74.792 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.792 Digital low power TV and TV... interference from other low power TV, TV translator, Class A TV or TV booster stations or digital low power TV...

  18. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) overexpression predicts the prognosis and pN2 in pancreatic head carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Jian; Song, Shiduo; Li, Dechun; He, Songbing; Zhang, Bing; Wang, Zhenxin; Zhu, Xinguo

    2014-03-05

    This study was carried out to examine decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. Tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. DcR3 protein expression in tissues and sera was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 and clinicopathologic features and prognoses were analyzed statistically. Serum DcR3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma compared with patients with cystadenoma and healthy individuals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). DcR3 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastases and TNM stages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Median overall survival for the high DcR3 group was 16.3 months, compared to 21.6 months for the low DcR3 group (P < 0.05). In the low DcR3 group, no significant difference was found in the overall survival between patients who underwent standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and those who had radical pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) (P > 0.05). In the high DcR3 group, the median overall survival rates were 16.8 months in the RPD group and 13.5 months in the SPD group (P < 0.05). We found that DcR3 was overexpressed in pancreatic head carcinoma. The patients with high DcR3 levels had higher pN2 stages than those with low DcR3 levels. Detecting serum DcR3 level preoperatively might be an additional approach for evaluating pN2 stage and guiding the range of lymphadenectomy.

  19. 47 CFR 73.6017 - Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV stations. 73.6017 Section 73.6017 Telecommunication FEDERAL... Broadcast Stations § 73.6017 Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV...

  20. 47 CFR 73.6017 - Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV stations. 73.6017 Section 73.6017 Telecommunication FEDERAL... Broadcast Stations § 73.6017 Digital Class A TV station protection of Class A TV and digital Class A TV...

  1. 47 CFR 74.708 - Class A TV and digital Class A TV station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.708 Class A TV and digital Class A TV... § 73.6010 of this chapter. (b) An application to construct a new low power TV, TV translator, or TV... prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (c) Applications...

  2. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Indole with Propargyl Alcohols.

    PubMed

    Kaufmann, Julia; Jäckel, Elisabeth; Haak, Edgar

    2018-05-14

    Cascade transformations forming multiple bonds and one-pot procedures provide rapid access to natural-product-like scaffolds from simple precursors. These atom-economic processes are valuable tools in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Herein, we report on ruthenium-catalyzed cascade annulations of indole with readily available propargyl alcohols. These provide rapid access to diverse carbazoles, cyclohepta[b]indoles, and further fused polycycles with high selectivity. A bifunctional ruthenium complex featuring a redox-coupled cyclopentadienone ligand acts as a common catalyst for the different cascade processes. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. 47 CFR 74.710 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.710 Digital low power TV and TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... filed prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (b...

  4. 47 CFR 74.710 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.710 Digital low power TV and TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... filed prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (b...

  5. 47 CFR 74.710 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.710 Digital low power TV and TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... filed prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (b...

  6. 47 CFR 74.710 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.710 Digital low power TV and TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... filed prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (b...

  7. Rotational spectrum of the nitrogen trifluoride-chlorine monofluoride complex and the inductive effect of groups R=CH 3, H, F on R 3N/ClF interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waclawik, E. R.; Legon, A. C.; Holloway, J. H.

    1998-10-01

    Rotational constants B0, centrifugal distortion constants DJ and DJK, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants χ aa( 14N) and χaa(Cl) were determined by pulsed-nozzle, Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy for the isotopomers F314N⋯ 35ClF and F314N⋯ 37ClF of a complex formed by nitrogen trifluoride and chlorine monofluoride. The distance r(N⋯Cl) and the intermolecular stretching force constant kσ for this symmetric-top species are compared with those of several axially symmetric complexes B⋯ClF in which a nitrogen atom of the base B interacts with ClF. In particular, it is shown that r(N⋯Cl) decreases along the series R 3N⋯ClF, where R=F, H or CH 3, while kσ increases dramatically.

  8. Eötvös, Baron Lóránd [Roland] von (1848-1919)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murdin, P.

    2000-11-01

    Hungarian physicist, born in Pest (now part of Budapest), became professor of experimental physics there. Worked on wide range of physical problems including gravitation, and invented the Eötvös balance, a torsion balance. With it, he tested (in what became known as the Eötvös experiment) the equivalence principle that gravitational mass and inertial mass are equivalent; he found that they were i...

  9. LDA-Based Unified Topic Modeling for Similar TV User Grouping and TV Program Recommendation.

    PubMed

    Pyo, Shinjee; Kim, Eunhui; Kim, Munchurl

    2015-08-01

    Social TV is a social media service via TV and social networks through which TV users exchange their experiences about TV programs that they are viewing. For social TV service, two technical aspects are envisioned: grouping of similar TV users to create social TV communities and recommending TV programs based on group and personal interests for personalizing TV. In this paper, we propose a unified topic model based on grouping of similar TV users and recommending TV programs as a social TV service. The proposed unified topic model employs two latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) models. One is a topic model of TV users, and the other is a topic model of the description words for viewed TV programs. The two LDA models are then integrated via a topic proportion parameter for TV programs, which enforces the grouping of similar TV users and associated description words for watched TV programs at the same time in a unified topic modeling framework. The unified model identifies the semantic relation between TV user groups and TV program description word groups so that more meaningful TV program recommendations can be made. The unified topic model also overcomes an item ramp-up problem such that new TV programs can be reliably recommended to TV users. Furthermore, from the topic model of TV users, TV users with similar tastes can be grouped as topics, which can then be recommended as social TV communities. To verify our proposed method of unified topic-modeling-based TV user grouping and TV program recommendation for social TV services, in our experiments, we used real TV viewing history data and electronic program guide data from a seven-month period collected by a TV poll agency. The experimental results show that the proposed unified topic model yields an average 81.4% precision for 50 topics in TV program recommendation and its performance is an average of 6.5% higher than that of the topic model of TV users only. For TV user prediction with new TV programs, the average

  10. An Atom-Economic and Selective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Redox Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols. An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Leukotrienes

    PubMed Central

    Trost, Barry M.; Livingston, Robert C.

    2008-01-01

    Catalytic ruthenium complexes in conjunction with an indium cocatalyst and Bronsted acid isomerize primary and secondary propargylic alcohols in good yields to provide trans enals and enones exclusively. Readily available indenylbis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium chloride in the presence of indium triflate and camphorsulfonic acid give the best turnover numbers and reactivity with the broadest range of substrates. Deuterium labeling experiments suggest that the process occurs through propargylic hydride migration followed by protic cleavage of the resultant vinylruthenium intermediate. Application of this method to the synthesis of leukotriene B4 demonstrates its utility and extraordinary selectivity. PMID:18702463

  11. 47 CFR 74.792 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital low power TV and TV translator station... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.792 Digital low power TV and TV translator station protected contour. (a) A digital low power TV or TV translator will be protected from...

  12. Evaluation of electron population terms for <r-3Se>4p, <r-3S>3p, and <r-3O>(2p): how do HOMO and LUMO shrink or expand depending on nuclear charges?

    PubMed

    Nakanishi, Waro; Hayashi, Satoko; Narahara, Kenji; Yamaki, Daisuke; Hada, Masahiko

    2008-01-01

    Electron population terms <r(-3)N> are evaluated for N=Se, S, and O. Calculations are performed on HOMO and LUMO constructed by pure atomic 4p(Se), 3p(S), and 2p(O) orbitals, employing the 6-311+G(3d) and/or 6-311(++)G(3df,3pd) basis sets at the HF, MP2, and DFT (B3 LYP) levels. Se(4+), Se(2+), Se(0), and Se(2-) with the O(h) symmetry are called G(A: Se) and HSe(+), H(2)Se, and HSe(-) with the C(infinityh) or C(2v) symmetry are named G(B: Se), here [G(A+B: Se) in all]. HOMO and LUMO in G(A+B: N) (N=Se, S, and O) satisfy the conditions of the calculations for <r(-3)N>. The <r(-3)Se>(4p), <r(-3)S>(3p), and <r(-3)O>(2p) values correlate well with the corresponding MO energies (epsilon(N)) for all calculation levels employed. Plots of <r(-3)N>(HOMO) and <r(-3)N>(LUMO) versus Q(N) (N=Se, S, and O) at the HF and MP2 levels are analyzed as two correlations. However, the plots at the DFT level can be analyzed as single correlation. A regression curve is assumed for the analysis. Behaviors of <r(-3)N> clarify how valence orbitals shrink or expand depending on Q(N). The applicability of <r(-3)N> is examined to establish a new method that enables us to analyze chemical shifts with the charge effect separately from others. A utility program derived from the Gaussian 03 (NMRANAL-NH03G) is applied to evaluate <r(-3)N> and examine the applicability to the NMR analysis.

  13. 47 CFR 74.708 - Class A TV and digital Class A TV station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.708 Class A TV and digital Class A TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (c) Applications...

  14. 47 CFR 74.708 - Class A TV and digital Class A TV station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.708 Class A TV and digital Class A TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (c) Applications...

  15. 47 CFR 74.708 - Class A TV and digital Class A TV station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.708 Class A TV and digital Class A TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (c) Applications...

  16. 47 CFR 74.708 - Class A TV and digital Class A TV station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.708 Class A TV and digital Class A TV... booster station or change the facilities of an existing station will not be accepted if it fails to... prior to the date the low power TV, TV translator, or TV booster application is filed. (c) Applications...

  17. An efficient system for the asymmetric acylation of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide catalyzed by novozyme 435.

    PubMed

    Li, Cuiqin; He, Laping; Qiu, Baoquan; Gao, Bing

    2010-01-01

    Novozyme 435 could be a highly efficient catalyst in the asymmetric acylation of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide in tetrahydrofuran-hexane solvents. The effect of various reaction parameters such as agitation velocity, water content, mixed media, temperature, concentration of Novozyme 435, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide, reaction time, enantiomeric excess of substrate (ee(S)), enantiomeric excess of product (ee(P)), and enantioselective ratio (E) were studied. Tetrahydrofuran markedly improved (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide conversion, enantiomeric excess of remaining 3-n-butylphthalide, and enantiomeric ratio. The optimum media were 50% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran and 50% (v/v) hexane. Other ideal reaction conditions were an agitation velocity of 150 rpm, 0.4% (v/v) water content, temperature of 30 °C, 8 mg/mL dosage of Novozyme 435, 8:1 (0.4 mmol: 0.05 mmol) molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide, and a reaction time of 48 hr. Under the optimum conditions, 96.4% ee(S) and 49.3% conversion of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide were achieved. In addition, enantiomeric excess of the product was above 98.0%.

  18. [3D-TV health assessment system by the multi-modal physiological signals].

    PubMed

    Li, Zhongqiang; Xing, Lidong; Qian, Zhiyu; Wang, Xiao; Yu, Defei; Liu, Baoyu; Jin, Shuai

    2014-03-01

    In order to meet the requirements of the multi-physiological signal measurement of the 3D-TV health assessment, try to find the suitable biological acquisition chips and design the hardware system which can detect different physiological signals in real time. The systems mainly uses ARM11/S3C6410 microcontroller to control the EEG/EOG acquisition chip RHA2116 and the ECG acquisition chip ADS1298, and then the microcontroller transfer the data collected by the chips to the PC software by the USB port which can display and save the experimental data in real time, then use the Matlab software for further processing of the data, finally make a final health assessment. In the meantime, for the different varieties in the different brain regions of watching 3D-TV, developed the special brain electrode placement and the experimental data processing methods, then effectively disposed the multi-signal data in the multilevel.

  19. Atmospheric volatilization of methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, and propargyl bromide through two plastic films: transfer coefficient and temperature effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, D.; Yates, S. R.; Gan, J.; Knuteson, J. A.

    Atmospheric emission of methyl bromide (MeBr) and its potential alternative chemicals such as 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and propargyl bromide (PrBr) can contribute to air pollution and ozone depletion (for MeBr). One of the main sources of these chemicals is from agricultural soil fumigation. To understand the volatilization dynamics, emission of MeBr, 1,3-D, and PrBr through a polyethylene-based high-barrier film (HBF) and a virtually impermeable film (VIF) was measured using an air flow and sampling system that produced >90% mass balance. The experiment was conducted outdoors and was subjected to ambient daily temperature variations. The HBF film was found to be very permeable to 1,3-D and PrBr, but somewhat less permeable to MeBr. The VIF film was very impermeable to 1,3-D, PrBr, or MeBr. Measured volatilization flux, in general, exhibited strong diurnal variations which were controlled by film temperature. Unlike the HBF film, a time lag (˜12 h) was observed between high-temperatures and high-emission flux values for the VIF film. An impermeable film may be used as an effective means of controlling the atmospheric emission of MeBr and its alternative chemicals.

  20. Simple Quaternary Ammonium Ions R4N + ( R= nPr, nBu, nPen) as Versatile Structure Directors for the Synthesis of Zeolite-Like, Heterobimetallic Cyanide Frameworks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Poll, Eyck-Michael; Samba, Sabine; Dieter Fischer, R.; Olbrich, Falk; Davies, Nicola A.; Avalle, Paolo; Apperley, David C.; Harris, Robin K.

    2000-06-01

    The preparation of three new examples of water insoluble host/guest assemblies of the general composition: [(R4N)(Me3Sn)2M(CN)6·zH2O] (R=n-propyl or n-pentyl, M=Fe or Co, 0≤z≤2) from likewise polymeric super-Prussian-blue derivatives [(Me3Sn)3M(CN)6] and aqueous (R4N)X solutions are reported. According to combined single-crystal X-ray (3a and 3a*: R=nPr, M=Co, z=2; 5b: R=nPen, M=Fe, z=0.5), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and multinuclear (13C, 15N, 59Co, 119Sn) CPMAS solid-state magnetic resonance studies, 3a and 3a* contain cis- and trans-isomeric [Co(CN)4(CNSnMe3OH2)2]- building blocks, respectively, which are held together exclusively by Sn←OH2···NC-Co hydrogen bonds. In striking contrast, the building blocks of 5b and 5a are infinite [M-CN-Sn-NC] chains. In all these assemblies, also significant C-H···NC hydrogen bonds between the encapsulated R4N+ guest ion and exclusively terminal cyanide ligands of the host seem to play a notable auxiliary role.

  1. Regioselective Ni-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Allylic and Propargylic Alcohols with Carbon Dioxide.

    PubMed

    Chen, Yue-Gang; Shuai, Bin; Ma, Cong; Zhang, Xiu-Jie; Fang, Ping; Mei, Tian-Sheng

    2017-06-02

    An efficient Ni-catalyzed reductive carboxylation of allylic alcohols with CO 2 has been successfully developed, providing linear β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids as the sole regioisomer with generally high E/Z stereoselectivity. In addition, the carboxylic acids can be generated from propargylic alcohols via hydrogenation to give allylic alcohol intermediates, followed by carboxylation. A preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests that the hydrogenation step is made possible by a Ni hydride intermediate produced by a hydrogen atom transfer from water.

  2. Scenarios of Use for Sociable Mobile TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chorianopoulos, Konstantinos

    Mobile TVs have been available for many years, without ever becoming very popular. Moreover, the first wave of research has been mostly concerned with technology and standards, which are necessary to ensure interoperability and market acceptance. Although, there has been a significant body of computer-supported co-operative work (CSCW) and mobile human-computer interaction (HCI) research findings, there is limited investigation in the context of leisure activities, such as TV. In this article, we propose three concepts that drive the main paths for research and practice in mobile and social TV: (1) Mobile TV as a content format, (2) Mobile TV as user behavior, and (3) Mobile TV as interaction terminal. Finally, we provide particular directions to be considered in further research in social and mobile TV.

  3. Vibrational Spectrum of Matrix-isolated Propargyl Radical HCCCH2: Detection of nu8 and Overtone Bands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, X.; Sander, S. P.; Ellison, G. B.; Stanton, J. F.

    2010-04-01

    Infrared (IR) absorption spectra of matrix-isolated propargyl radical have been measured. The CH2CCH ˜X 2B1 out-of-plane bending mode (ν8) at 378 (±2) cm-1, along with several overtone and combination modes have been detected for the first time.

  4. 47 CFR 73.6016 - Digital Class A TV station protection of TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of TV...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6016 Digital Class A TV station protection of TV broadcast stations. Digital Class A TV stations must protect...

  5. 47 CFR 73.6016 - Digital Class A TV station protection of TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of TV...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6016 Digital Class A TV station protection of TV broadcast stations. Digital Class A TV stations must protect...

  6. Tandem Cu-catalyzed ketenimine formation and intramolecular nucleophile capture: Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-2-iminoquinolines from 1-(o-acetamidophenyl)propargyl alcohols

    PubMed Central

    Kant, Ruchir

    2014-01-01

    Summary The copper-catalyzed ketenimine formation reaction of 1-(o-acetamidophenyl)propargyl alcohols with various sulfonyl azides is found to undergo a concomitant intramolecular nucleophile attack to generate 1,2-dihydro-2-iminoquinolines after aromatization (via elimination of acetyl and hydroxy groups) and tautomerization. The reaction produces 4-substituted and 3,4-unsubstituted title compounds in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. PMID:24991276

  7. Perfect 3-D movies and stereoscopic movies on TV and projection screens: an appraisement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Klein, Susanne; Dultz, Wolfgang

    1990-09-01

    Since the invention of stereoscopy (WHEATSTONE 1838) reasons for and against 3-dimensional images have occupied the literature, but there has never been much doubt about the preference of autostereoscopic systems showing a scene which is 3-dimensional and true to life from all sides (perfect 3-dimensional image, HESSE 1939), especially since most stereoscopic movies of the past show serious imperfections with respect to image quality and technical operation. Leave aside that no convincing perfect 3D-TV-system is in sight, there are properties f the stereoscopic movie which are advantageous to certain representations on TV and important for the 3-dimensional motion picture. In this paper we investigate the influence of apparent motions of 3-dimensional images and classify the different projection systems with respect to presence and absence of these spectacular illusions. Apparent motions bring dramatic effects into stereoscopic movies which cannot be created with perfect 3-dimensional systems. In this study we describe their applications and limits for television.

  8. 47 CFR 74.793 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital low power TV and TV translator station... DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.793 Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations. (a) An application to construct a new digital low power...

  9. Reciprocal activation of α5-nAChR and STAT3 in nicotine-induced human lung cancer cell proliferation.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yao; Jia, Yanfei; Li, Ping; Li, Huanjie; Xiao, Dongjie; Wang, Yunshan; Ma, Xiaoli

    2017-07-20

    Cigarette smoking is the top environmental risk factor for lung cancer. Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, induces lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration via the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show that CHRNA5 gene encoding α5-nAChR is especially relevant to lung cancer. However, the mechanism of this subunit in lung cancer is not clear. In the present study, we demonstrate that the expression of α5-nAChR is correlated with phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression, smoking history and lower survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. Nicotine increased the levels of α5-nAChR mRNA and protein in NSCLC cell lines and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade. Nicotine-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling was inhibited by the silencing of α5-nAChR. Characterization of the CHRNA5 promoter revealed four STAT3-response elements. ChIP assays confirmed that the CHRNA5 promoter contains STAT3 binding sites. By silencing STAT3 expression, nicotine-induced upregulation of α5-nAChR was suppressed. Downregulation of α5-nAChR and/or STAT3 expression inhibited nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between α5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that α5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. First example of a heterobimetallic 'Pd-Sn' catalyst for direct activation of alcohol: efficient allylation, benzylation and propargylation of arenes, heteroarenes, active methylenes and allyl-Si nucleophiles.

    PubMed

    Das, Debjit; Pratihar, Sanjay; Roy, Ujjal Kanti; Mal, Dipakranjan; Roy, Sujit

    2012-06-21

    Arenes, heteroarenes, 1,3-dicarbonyls and organosilicon nucleophiles undergo highly efficient alkylation with allylic, propargylic and benzylic alcohols in the presence of a new 'Pd-Sn' bimetallic catalyst in nitromethane; water being the sole byproduct. The plausible mechanism of alkylation and the intermediacy of ether has been enumerated.

  11. Lewis acid catalysis and ligand exchange in the asymmetric binaphthol-catalyzed propargylation of ketones.

    PubMed

    Grayson, Matthew N; Goodman, Jonathan M

    2013-09-06

    1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-derived catalysts catalyze the asymmetric propargylation of ketones. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the reaction proceeds via a closed six-membered transition structure (TS) in which the chiral catalyst undergoes an exchange process with the original cyclic boronate ligand. This leads to a Lewis acid type activation mode, not a Brønsted acid process, which accurately predicts the stereochemical outcome observed experimentally.

  12. Asymmetric Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols by Umpolung of Acetylenic Sulfones and ortho-Sulfinyl Carbanions.

    PubMed

    Rodríguez, Ricardo I; Ramírez, Elsie; Yuste, Francisco; Sánchez-Obregón, Rubén; Alemán, José

    2018-02-16

    The generation of diastereomerically enriched secondary benzyl propargyl alcohols by the asymmetric addition of ortho-sulfinylbenzyl carbanions to sulfonylacetylene derivatives via formation of a Csp-Csp 3 bond is described. This reaction proceeds through an unusual α-attack (anti-Michael addition) of the ortho-sulfinylbenzyl carbanions, followed by elimination of the arylsulfonyl moiety. The scope of this alkynylation reaction is also discussed. Moreover, the development of a new approach for the synthesis of optically active tertiary benzylpropargyl alcohols is described, discussing the possible stereocourse of the reaction so as the influence of the ether 18-crown-6 and steric importance of acetylenic substituent.

  13. Watching TV has a distinct sociodemographic and lifestyle profile compared with other sedentary behaviors: A nationwide population-based study.

    PubMed

    Andrade-Gómez, Elena; García-Esquinas, Esther; Ortolá, Rosario; Martínez-Gómez, David; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando

    2017-01-01

    Watching TV has been consistently associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes, but the effect of other sedentary behaviors (SB) is uncertain. Potential explanations are that watching TV is not a marker of a broader sedentary pattern and that each SB reflects different sociodemographic and health characteristics. Data were taken form a survey on 10,199 individuals, representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years. SB and other health behaviors were ascertained using validated questionnaires. Watching TV was the predominant SB (45.4% of the total sitting time), followed by sitting at the computer (22.7%). TV watching time showed no correlation with total time on other SB (r: -0.02, p = 0.07). By contrast, time spent at the computer was directly correlated with time spent on commuting (r: 0.07, p<0.01), listening to music (r: 0.10, p<0.01) and reading (r: 0.08, p<0.01). TV watching time was greater in those with older age, lower education, unhealthier lifestyle, and with diabetes or osteomuscular disease. More time spent at the computer or in commuting was linked to younger age, male gender, higher education and having a sedentary job. In conclusion, watching TV is not correlated with other SB and shows a distinct demographic and lifestyle profile.

  14. Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children's Viewing Times.

    PubMed

    O'Brien, Kerry S; Carr, Sherilene; Ferris, Jason; Room, Robin; Miller, Peter; Livingston, Michael; Kypri, Kypros; Lynott, Dermot

    2015-01-01

    Estimate the amount of alcohol advertising in sport vs. non-sport programming in Australian free-to-air TV and identify children's viewing audience composition at different times of the day. Alcohol advertising and TV viewing audience data were purchased for free-to-air sport and non-sport TV in Australia for 2012. We counted alcohol advertisements in sport and non-sport TV in daytime (6 am-8.29 pm) and evening periods (8.30 pm-11.59 pm) and estimated viewing audiences for children and young adults (0-4 years, 5-13 years, 14-17 years, 18-29 years). During the daytime, most of the alcohol advertising (87%) was on sport TV. In the evening, most alcohol advertising (86%) was in non-sport TV. There was little difference in the mean number of children (0-17 years) viewing TV in the evening (N = 273,989), compared with the daytime (N = 235,233). In programs containing alcohol advertising, sport TV had a greater mean number of alcohol adverts per hour (mean 1.74, SD = 1.1) than non-sport TV (mean 1.35, SD = .94). Alcohol advertising during the daytime, when large numbers of children are watching TV, is predominantly in free-to-air sport TV. By permitting day-time advertising in sport programs and in any programs from 8.30 pm when many children are still watching TV, current regulations are not protecting children from exposure to alcohol advertising.

  15. The impact of stereo 3D sports TV broadcasts on user's depth perception and spatial presence experience

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weigelt, K.; Wiemeyer, J.

    2014-03-01

    This work examines the impact of content and presentation parameters in 2D versus 3D on depth perception and spatial presence, and provides guidelines for stereoscopic content development for 3D sports TV broadcasts and cognate subjects. Under consideration of depth perception and spatial presence experience, a preliminary study with 8 participants (sports: soccer and boxing) and a main study with 31 participants (sports: soccer and BMX-Miniramp) were performed. The dimension (2D vs. 3D) and camera position (near vs. far) were manipulated for soccer and boxing. In addition for soccer, the field of view (small vs. large) was examined. Moreover, the direction of motion (horizontal vs. depth) was considered for BMX-Miniramp. Subjective assessments, behavioural tests and qualitative interviews were implemented. The results confirm a strong effect of 3D on both depth perception and spatial presence experience as well as selective influences of camera distance and field of view. The results can improve understanding of the perception and experience of 3D TV as a medium. Finally, recommendations are derived on how to use various 3D sports ideally as content for TV broadcasts.

  16. SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride], a new nonpeptide antagonist of the bradykinin B1 receptor: biochemical and pharmacological characterization.

    PubMed

    Gougat, Jean; Ferrari, Bernard; Sarran, Lionel; Planchenault, Claudine; Poncelet, Martine; Maruani, Jeanne; Alonso, Richard; Cudennec, Annie; Croci, Tiziano; Guagnini, Fabio; Urban-Szabo, Katalin; Martinolle, Jean-Pierre; Soubrié, Philippe; Finance, Olivier; Le Fur, Gérard

    2004-05-01

    The biochemical and pharmacological properties of a novel non-peptide antagonist of the bradykinin (BK) B(1) receptor, SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride] were evaluated. SSR240612 inhibited the binding of [(3)H]Lys(0)-des-Arg(9)-BK to the B(1) receptor in human fibroblast MRC5 and to recombinant human B(1) receptor expressed in human embryonic kidney cells with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.48 and 0.73 nM, respectively. The compound selectivity for B(1) versus B(2) receptors was in the range of 500- to 1000-fold. SSR240612 inhibited Lys(0)-desAr(9)-BK (10 nM)-induced inositol monophosphate formation in human fibroblast MRC5, with an IC(50) of 1.9 nM. It also antagonized des-Arg(9)-BK-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric plexus of rat ileum with a pA(2) of 8.9 and 9.4, respectively. Antagonistic properties of SSR240612 were also demonstrated in vivo. SSR240612 inhibited des-Arg(9)-BK-induced paw edema in mice (3 and 10 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p.). Moreover, SSR240612 reduced capsaicin-induced ear edema in mice (0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) and tissue destruction and neutrophil accumulation in the rat intestine following splanchnic artery occlusion/reperfusion (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). The compound also inhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by UV irradiation (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) and the late phase of nociceptive response to formalin in rats (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Finally, SSR240612 (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) prevented neuropathic thermal pain induced by sciatic nerve constriction in the rat. In conclusion, SSR240612 is a new, potent, and orally active specific non-peptide bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist.

  17. The Immediate and Delayed Effects of TV: Impacts of Gender and Processed-Food Intake History.

    PubMed

    Francis, Heather M; Stevenson, Richard J; Oaten, Megan J; Mahmut, Mehmet K; Yeomans, Martin R

    2017-01-01

    Eating while watching TV has generally been found to increase both immediate and delayed energy intake. Here we examine two factors - gender and habitual processed-food intake - that may moderate these effects. Participants [ n = 153; 95 women, 58 men; M age = 19.7 ( SD = 2.9); M BMI = 22.4 ( SD = 3.1)] ate an ad libitum snack either with or without TV, followed around 1 h later by lunch. There was an interaction between TV and gender for both meals. Women tended to consume more snack food in the TV condition, with men consuming more in the no-TV condition. Participants who habitually consumed more processed food also ate more snacks, independent of any other variable, including rated liking. At lunch, men who had earlier snacked with TV ate more than men who had snacked without TV, but this effect was not evident in women. On memory recall, all participants underestimated how much snack food they had eaten, and this was a function of how much they had actually consumed, with greater error only predicted by greater consumption. The results indicate that the effects of TV on eating can vary with gender and that processed-food history can predict snack food intake. While previous findings suggest memory of prior-intake may be impaired by eating while watching TV, the current results suggest this is not necessarily because of TV per se , but because people sometimes consume more food under such conditions.

  18. The Immediate and Delayed Effects of TV: Impacts of Gender and Processed-Food Intake History

    PubMed Central

    Francis, Heather M.; Stevenson, Richard J.; Oaten, Megan J.; Mahmut, Mehmet K.; Yeomans, Martin R.

    2017-01-01

    Eating while watching TV has generally been found to increase both immediate and delayed energy intake. Here we examine two factors – gender and habitual processed-food intake – that may moderate these effects. Participants [n = 153; 95 women, 58 men; Mage = 19.7 (SD = 2.9); MBMI = 22.4 (SD = 3.1)] ate an ad libitum snack either with or without TV, followed around 1 h later by lunch. There was an interaction between TV and gender for both meals. Women tended to consume more snack food in the TV condition, with men consuming more in the no-TV condition. Participants who habitually consumed more processed food also ate more snacks, independent of any other variable, including rated liking. At lunch, men who had earlier snacked with TV ate more than men who had snacked without TV, but this effect was not evident in women. On memory recall, all participants underestimated how much snack food they had eaten, and this was a function of how much they had actually consumed, with greater error only predicted by greater consumption. The results indicate that the effects of TV on eating can vary with gender and that processed-food history can predict snack food intake. While previous findings suggest memory of prior-intake may be impaired by eating while watching TV, the current results suggest this is not necessarily because of TV per se, but because people sometimes consume more food under such conditions. PMID:28979225

  19. Are parental concerns for child TV viewing associated with child TV viewing and the home sedentary environment?

    PubMed

    Pearson, Natalie; Salmon, Jo; Crawford, David; Campbell, Karen; Timperio, Anna

    2011-09-27

    Time spent watching television affects multiple aspects of child and adolescent health. Although a diverse range of factors have been found to be associated with young people's television viewing, parents and the home environment are particularly influential. However, little is known about whether parents, particularly those who are concerned about their child's television viewing habits, translate their concern into action by providing supportive home environments (e.g. rules restricting screen-time behaviours, limited access to screen-based media). The aim of this study was to examine associations between parental concerns for child television viewing and child television viewing and the home sedentary environment. Parents of children aged 5-6 years ('younger' children, n = 430) and 10-12 years ('older children', n = 640) reported usual duration of their child's television (TV) viewing, their concerns regarding the amount of time their child spends watching TV, and on aspects of the home environment. Regression analyses examined associations between parental concern and child TV viewing, and between parental concern and aspects of the home environment. Analyses were stratified by age group. Children of concerned parents watched more TV than those whose parents were not concerned (B = 9.63, 95% CI = 1.58-17.68, p = 0.02 and B = 15.82, 95% CI = 8.85-22.80, p < 0.01, for younger and older children respectively). Parental concern was positively associated with younger children eating dinner in front of the television, and with parental restriction of sedentary behaviours and offering sedentary activities (i.e. TV viewing or computer use) as a reward for good behaviour among older and young children. Furthermore, parents of older children who were concerned had fewer televisions in the home and a lower count of sedentary equipment in the home. Children of concerned parents watched more TV than those whose parents who were not concerned. Parents appear to recognise

  20. Maternal Characteristics and Perception of Temperament Associated With Infant TV Exposure

    PubMed Central

    Adair, Linda S.; Bentley, Margaret E.

    2013-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: This study examines the development of television (TV) behaviors across the first 18 months of life and identifies maternal and infant predictors of infant TV exposure. METHODS: We used longitudinal TV exposure, maternal sociodemographic, and infant temperament data from 217 African-American mother-infant pairs participating in the Infant Care and Risk of Obesity Study. Longitudinal logistic models and ordered regression models with clustering for repeated measures across subjects adjusted for infant gender and visit were used to assess maternal and infant predictors of TV exposure and to test whether infants with both maternal and infant risk factors had higher odds of more detrimental TV exposure. RESULTS: Infants as young as 3 months old were exposed to an average of 2.6 hours of TV and/or videos daily, and nearly 40% of infants were exposed to >3 hours of TV daily by 12 months of age. Maternal TV viewing and maternal obesity and infant activity, fussiness, and crying were associated with greater infant TV exposure, whereas maternal education and infant activity were associated with having the TV on during most meals. Infants perceived as being more active or fussier had higher TV exposure, particularly if their mothers also had risk factors for higher TV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the characteristics that shape TV exposure and its biological and behavioral sequelae is critical for early intervention. Maternal perception of infant temperament dimensions is related to TV exposure, suggesting that infant temperament measures should be included in interventions aimed at limiting early TV. PMID:23296440

  1. 3D digital subtraction angiography of intracranial aneurysms: comparison of flat panel detector with conventional image intensifier TV system using a vascular phantom.

    PubMed

    Kakeda, S; Korogi, Y; Ohnari, N; Hatakeyama, Y; Moriya, J; Oda, N; Nishino, K; Miyamoto, W

    2007-05-01

    Compared with the image intensifier (I.I.)-TV system, the flat panel detector (FPD) system of direct conversion type has several theoretic advantages, such as higher spatial resolution, wide dynamic range, and no image distortion. The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the FPD and conventional I.I.-TV systems using a vascular phantom. An anthropomorphic vascular phantom was designed to simulate the various intracranial aneurysms with aneurysmal bleb. The tubes of this vascular phantom were filled with 2 concentrations of contrast material (300 and 150 mg I/mL), and we obtained 3D DSA using the FPD and I.I.-TV systems. First, 2 blinded radiologists compared the volume-rendering images for 3D DSA on the FPD and I.I.-TV systems, looking for pseudostenosis artifacts. Then, 2 other radiologists independently evaluated both systems for the depiction of the simulated aneurysm and aneurysmal bleb using a 5-point scale. For the degree of the pseudostenosis artifacts at the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery at 300 mg I/mL, 3D DSA with FPD system showed mild stenoses, whereas severe stenoses were observed at 3D DSA with I.I.-TV system. At both concentrations, the FPD system was significantly superior to I.I.-TV system regarding the depiction of aneurysm and aneurysmal bleb. Compared with the I.I.-TV system, the FPD system could create high-resolution 3D DSA combined with a reduction of the pseudostenosis artifacts.

  2. Safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of TV-1106, a long-acting GH treatment for GH deficiency.

    PubMed

    Cohen-Barak, Orit; Sakov, Anat; Rasamoelisolo, Michele; Bassan, Merav; Brown, Kurt; Mendzelevski, Boaz; Spiegelstein, Ofer

    2015-11-01

    TV-1106 (Teva Pharmaceuticals) is a genetically fused recombinant protein of human GH (hGH) and human serum albumin, in development for treatment of GH deficiency (GHD). TV-1106 is expected to have an extended duration of action compared to daily GH treatment and may enable a reduction in the frequency of injections and improve compliance and quality of life for adults and children requiring GHD therapy. To assess the safety, local tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TV-1106 following single s.c. injections in healthy male volunteers. Subjects (n=56) were assigned to one of seven ascending dose groups (3-100 mg) and received either a single dose of TV-1106 (n=6) or placebo (n=2) by s.c. injection. Eighteen subjects reported 43 adverse effects (AEs), which were mild to moderate; no serious AEs (SAEs) occurred. In 50, 70 and 100 mg groups there were mild to moderate increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure that significantly correlated with higher levels of IGF1. TV-1106 showed pharmacokinetic characteristics of a long-acting hGH as demonstrated by a terminal elimination half-life of 23-35 h, delayed time of peak concentration, and systemic levels seen up to 7 days after dosing. IGF1 levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, before reaching a plateau, with levels above baseline extending beyond 7 days post dose. Single administration of TV-1106 up to 100 mg was safe in healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics support once-weekly administration in patients with GHD. © 2015 The authors.

  3. WFC3 TV3 Testing: IR Channel Blue Leaks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brown, Thomas R.

    2008-03-01

    A new IR detector (IR4; FPA165) is housed in WFC3 during the current campaign of thermal vacuum (TV) ground testing at GSFC. As part of these tests, we measured the IR channel throughput. Compared to the previous IR detectors, IR4 has much higher quantum efficiency at all wavelengths, particularly in the optical. The total throughput for the IR channel is still low in the optical, due to the opacity of the IR filters at these wavelengths, but there is a small wavelength region (~710-830 nm) where these filters do not offer as much blocking as needed to meet Contract End Item specifications. For this reason, the throughput measurements were extended into the blue to quantify the amount of blue leak in the narrow and medium IR bandpasses where a few percent of the measured flux could come from optical photons when observing hot sources. The results are tabulated here.

  4. Mediating effects of dietary intake on associations of TV viewing, body mass index and metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

    PubMed

    Fletcher, E A; McNaughton, S A; Lacy, K E; Dunstan, D W; Carson, V; Salmon, J

    2016-09-01

    Evidence suggests that TV viewing is associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. However, it is unclear whether dietary intake mediates these relationships. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adolescents (12-19 years) participating in the 2003-2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI z scores (zBMI) ( n  = 3,161) and MetS ( n  = 1,379) were calculated using age- and sex-specific criteria for adolescents. TV viewing (h/day) was measured via a self-reported questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h recalls. Using the MacKinnon method, a series of mediation analyses were conducted examining five dietary mediators (total energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, discretionary snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages and diet quality) of the relationships between TV viewing and zBMI and MetS. Small positive relationships were observed between TV viewing and zBMI (β = 0.99, p  < 0.001) and TV viewing and MetS (OR = 1.18, p  = 0.046). No dietary element appeared to mediate the relationship between TV viewing and zBMI. However, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and fruit and vegetable intake partially mediated the relationship between TV viewing and MetS, explaining 8.7% and 4.1% of the relationship, respectively. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationships between TV viewing, dietary intake and cardiometabolic health outcomes, and that TV viewing should remain a target for interventions.

  5. Analysis of economics of a TV broadcasting satellite for additional nationwide TV programs

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Becker, D.; Mertens, G.; Rappold, A.; Seith, W.

    1977-01-01

    The influence of a TV broadcasting satellite, transmitting four additional TV networks was analyzed. It is assumed that the cost of the satellite systems will be financed by the cable TV system operators. The additional TV programs increase income by attracting additional subscribers. Two economic models were established: (1) each local network is regarded as an independent economic unit with individual fees (cost price model) and (2) all networks are part of one public cable TV company with uniform fees (uniform price model). Assumptions are made for penetration as a function of subscription rates. Main results of the study are: the installation of a TV broadcasting satellite improves the economics of CTV-networks in both models; the overall coverage achievable by the uniform price model is significantly higher than that achievable by the cost price model.

  6. 47 CFR 73.1570 - Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV... levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural. (a) The percentage of modulation is to be maintained at as high... and accurate data transmission and may not, in any case, exceed 6%. (2) FM stations. The total...

  7. 47 CFR 73.1570 - Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV... levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural. (a) The percentage of modulation is to be maintained at as high a level as is consistent with good quality of transmission and good broadcast service, with maximum...

  8. 47 CFR 73.1570 - Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV... levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural. (a) The percentage of modulation is to be maintained at as high a level as is consistent with good quality of transmission and good broadcast service, with maximum...

  9. 47 CFR 73.1570 - Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Modulation levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV... levels: AM, FM, TV and Class A TV aural. (a) The percentage of modulation is to be maintained at as high a level as is consistent with good quality of transmission and good broadcast service, with maximum...

  10. Watching TV has a distinct sociodemographic and lifestyle profile compared with other sedentary behaviors: A nationwide population-based study

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Watching TV has been consistently associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes, but the effect of other sedentary behaviors (SB) is uncertain. Potential explanations are that watching TV is not a marker of a broader sedentary pattern and that each SB reflects different sociodemographic and health characteristics. Data were taken form a survey on 10,199 individuals, representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years. SB and other health behaviors were ascertained using validated questionnaires. Watching TV was the predominant SB (45.4% of the total sitting time), followed by sitting at the computer (22.7%). TV watching time showed no correlation with total time on other SB (r: -0.02, p = 0.07). By contrast, time spent at the computer was directly correlated with time spent on commuting (r: 0.07, p<0.01), listening to music (r: 0.10, p<0.01) and reading (r: 0.08, p<0.01). TV watching time was greater in those with older age, lower education, unhealthier lifestyle, and with diabetes or osteomuscular disease. More time spent at the computer or in commuting was linked to younger age, male gender, higher education and having a sedentary job. In conclusion, watching TV is not correlated with other SB and shows a distinct demographic and lifestyle profile. PMID:29206883

  11. Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Allenes by Coupling of Flow‐Generated Diazo Compounds and Propargylated Amines

    PubMed Central

    Poh, Jian‐Siang; Makai, Szabolcs; von Keutz, Timo; Tran, Duc N.; Battilocchio, Claudio; Pasau, Patrick

    2017-01-01

    Abstract We report herein the asymmetric coupling of flow‐generated unstabilized diazo compounds and propargylated amine derivatives, using a new pyridinebis(imidazoline) ligand, a copper catalyst and base. The reaction proceeds rapidly, generating chiral allenes in 10–20 minutes with high enantioselectivity (89–98 % de/ee), moderate yields and a wide functional group tolerance. PMID:28075518

  12. Catalyzed formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes from propargylic acetates by a recoverable and recyclable nanocluster catalyst

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Man-Bo; Tian, Shi-Kai; Wu, Zhikun

    2014-05-01

    An active, recoverable, and recyclable nanocluster catalyst, Au25(SR)18-, has been developed to catalyze the formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes from propargylic acetates. The catalytic process has been proposed to be initialized by an SN2' addition of OH-. Moreover, a dramatic solvent effect was observed, for which a rational explanation was provided.An active, recoverable, and recyclable nanocluster catalyst, Au25(SR)18-, has been developed to catalyze the formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes from propargylic acetates. The catalytic process has been proposed to be initialized by an SN2' addition of OH-. Moreover, a dramatic solvent effect was observed, for which a rational explanation was provided. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental procedures, UV-Vis spectra and fluorescence spectra of catalysts, characterization data, and copies of MS spectra. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00658e

  13. Observation of CH A 2X 2Πr and 2Σ--->X 2Πr emissions in gas-phase collisions of fast O(3P) atoms with acetylene

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Orient, O. J.; Chutjian, A.; Murad, E.

    1995-03-01

    Optical emissions in single-collision, beam-beam reactions of fast (3-22-eV translational energy) O(3P) atoms with C2H2 have been measured in the wavelength range 300-850 nm. Two features were observed, one with a peak wavelength at 431 nm, corresponding to the CH A 2X 2Πr transition, and a second weaker emission in the range 380-400 nm corresponding to the B 2Σ--->X 2Πr transition. Both the A-->X and B-->X emissions were fit to a synthetic spectrum of CH(A) at a vibrational temperature Tv of 10 000 K (0.86 eV) and a rotational temperature Tr of approximately 5000 K (0.43 eV); and CH(B) to Tv=2500 K (0.22 eV) and Tr=1000 K (0.09 eV). The energy threshold for the A-->X emission was measured to be 7.3+/-0.4 eV (lab) or 4.5+/-0.2 eV (c.m.). This agrees with the energy threshold of 7.36 eV (lab) for the reaction O(3P)+C2H2-->CH(A)+HCO.

  14. 47 CFR 74.793 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... this section, interference prediction analysis is based on the interference thresholds (D/U signal.... Predictions of interference to co-channel DTV broadcast, digital Class A TV, digital LPTV and digital TV....” Predictions of interference to co-channel TV broadcast, Class A TV, LPTV and TV translator stations will be...

  15. 47 CFR 74.793 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... this section, interference prediction analysis is based on the interference thresholds (D/U signal.... Predictions of interference to co-channel DTV broadcast, digital Class A TV, digital LPTV and digital TV....” Predictions of interference to co-channel TV broadcast, Class A TV, LPTV and TV translator stations will be...

  16. 47 CFR 74.793 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... this section, interference prediction analysis is based on the interference thresholds (D/U signal.... Predictions of interference to co-channel DTV broadcast, digital Class A TV, digital LPTV and digital TV....” Predictions of interference to co-channel TV broadcast, Class A TV, LPTV and TV translator stations will be...

  17. 47 CFR 74.793 - Digital low power TV and TV translator station protection of broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... this section, interference prediction analysis is based on the interference thresholds (D/U signal.... Predictions of interference to co-channel DTV broadcast, digital Class A TV, digital LPTV and digital TV....” Predictions of interference to co-channel TV broadcast, Class A TV, LPTV and TV translator stations will be...

  18. Exploring the mechanism of how tvMyb2 recognizes and binds ap65-1 by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.

    PubMed

    Li, Wei-Kang; Zheng, Qing-Chuan; Zhang, Hong-Xing

    2016-01-01

    TvMyb2, one of the Myb-like transcriptional factors in Trichomonas vaginalis, binds to two closely spaced promoter sites, MRE-1/MRE-2r and MRE-2f, on the ap65-1 gene. However, detailed dynamical structural characteristics of the tvMyb2-ap65-1 complex and a detailed study of the protein in the complex have not been done. Focused on a specific tvMyb2-MRE-2-13 complex (PDB code: ) and a series of mutants K51A, R84A and R87A, we applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) free energy calculations to examine the role of the tvMyb2 protein in recognition interaction. The simulation results indicate that tvMyb2 becomes stable when it binds the DNA duplex. A series of mutants, K51A, R84A and R87A, have been followed, and the results of statistical analyses of the H-bond and hydrophobic contacts show that some residues have significant influence on recognition and binding to ap65-1 DNA. Our work gives important information to understand the interactions of tvMyb2 with ap65-1.

  19. Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children’s Viewing Times

    PubMed Central

    O’Brien, Kerry S.; Carr, Sherilene; Ferris, Jason; Room, Robin; Miller, Peter; Livingston, Michael; Kypri, Kypros; Lynott, Dermot

    2015-01-01

    Estimate the amount of alcohol advertising in sport vs. non-sport programming in Australian free-to-air TV and identify children’s viewing audience composition at different times of the day. Alcohol advertising and TV viewing audience data were purchased for free-to-air sport and non-sport TV in Australia for 2012. We counted alcohol advertisements in sport and non-sport TV in daytime (6am-8.29pm) and evening periods (8.30pm-11.59pm) and estimated viewing audiences for children and young adults (0–4 years, 5–13 years, 14–17 years, 18–29 years). During the daytime, most of the alcohol advertising (87%) was on sport TV. In the evening, most alcohol advertising (86%) was in non-sport TV. There was little difference in the mean number of children (0–17 years) viewing TV in the evening (N = 273,989), compared with the daytime (N = 235,233). In programs containing alcohol advertising, sport TV had a greater mean number of alcohol adverts per hour (mean 1.74, SD = 1.1) than non-sport TV (mean 1.35, SD = .94). Alcohol advertising during the daytime, when large numbers of children are watching TV, is predominantly in free-to-air sport TV. By permitting day-time advertising in sport programs and in any programs from 8.30pm when many children are still watching TV, current regulations are not protecting children from exposure to alcohol advertising. PMID:26263170

  20. Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Allenes by Coupling of Flow-Generated Diazo Compounds and Propargylated Amines.

    PubMed

    Poh, Jian-Siang; Makai, Szabolcs; von Keutz, Timo; Tran, Duc N; Battilocchio, Claudio; Pasau, Patrick; Ley, Steven V

    2017-02-06

    We report herein the asymmetric coupling of flow-generated unstabilized diazo compounds and propargylated amine derivatives, using a new pyridinebis(imidazoline) ligand, a copper catalyst and base. The reaction proceeds rapidly, generating chiral allenes in 10-20 minutes with high enantioselectivity (89-98 % de/ee), moderate yields and a wide functional group tolerance. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Expression of the enzymatically active legumain-like cysteine proteinase TvLEGU-1 of Trichomonas vaginalis in Pichia pastoris.

    PubMed

    Reséndiz-Cardiel, Gerardo; Arroyo, Rossana; Ortega-López, Jaime

    2017-06-01

    The legumain-like cysteine proteinase TvLEGU-1 from Trichomonas vaginalis plays a major role in trichomonal cytoadherence. However, its structure-function characterization has been limited by the lack of a reliable recombinant expression platform to produce this protein in its native folded conformation. TvLEGU-1 has been expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies and all efforts to refold it have failed. Here, we describe the expression of the synthetic codon-optimized tvlegu-1 (tvlegu-1-opt) gene in Pichia pastoris strain X-33 (Mut+) under the inducible AOX1 promoter. The active TvLEGU-1 recombinant protein (rTvLEGU-1) was secreted into the medium when tvlegu-1-opt was fused to the Aspergillus niger alpha-amylase signal peptide. The rTvLEGU-1 secretion was influenced by the gene copy number and induction temperature. Data indicate that increasing tvlegu-1-opt gene copy number was detrimental for heterologous expression of the enzymatically active TvLEGU-1. Indeed, expression of TvLEGU-1 had a greater impact on cell viability for those clones with 26 or 29 gene copy number, and cell lysis was observed when the induction was carried out at 30 °C. The enzyme activity in the medium was higher when the induction was carried out at 16 °C and in P. pastoris clones with lower gene copy number. The results presented here suggest that both copy number and induction temperature affect the rTvLEGU-1 expression in its native-like and active conformation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Stability and Unimolecular Reactivity of Palladate(II) Complexes [Ln PdR3 ]- (L=Phosphine, R=Organyl, n=0 and 1).

    PubMed

    Kolter, Marlene; Koszinowski, Konrad

    2016-10-24

    The reduction of Pd II precatalysts to catalytically active Pd 0 species is a key step in many palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Besides phosphines, the stoichiometrically used organometallic reagents can afford this reduction, but do so in a poorly understood way. To elucidate the mechanism of this reaction, we have treated solutions of Pd(OAc) 2 and a phosphine ligand L in tetrahydrofuran with RMgCl (R=Ph, Bn, Bu) as well as other organometallic reagents. Analysis of these model systems by electrospray- ionization mass spectrometry found palladate(II) complexes [L n PdR 3 ] - (n=0 and 1), thus pointing to the occurrence of transmetallation reactions. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, the [L n PdR 3 ] - anions preferentially underwent a reductive elimination to yield Pd 0 species. The sequence of the transmetallation and reductive elimination, thus, constitutes a feasible mechanism for the reduction of the Pd(OAc) 2 precatalyst. Other species of interest observed include the Pd IV complex [PdBn 5 ] - , which did not fragment via a reductive elimination but lost BnH instead. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Comparing Local TV News with National TV News in Cancer Coverage: An Exploratory Content Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Chul-joo; Long, Marilee; Slater, Michael D.; Song, Wen

    2014-01-01

    We compared local TV news with national TV news in terms of cancer coverage using a nationally representative sample of local nightly TV and national network TV (i.e., ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN) cancer news stories that aired during 2002 and 2003. Compared to national TV news, local TV cancer stories were (a) much shorter in length, (b) less likely to report on cancer prevention (i.e., preventive behaviors and screening tests), and (c) less likely to reference national organizations (i.e., NCI, ACS, NIH, CDC, FDA) that have made clear recommendations about ways to prevent cancer. The implications of these findings for health communication research and cancer education were discussed. PMID:24750022

  4. (R)-N-Methyl-3-(3′-[18F]fluoropropyl)phenoxy)-3-phenylpropanamine (18F-MFP3) as a potential PET imaging agent for norepinephrine transporter

    PubMed Central

    Nguyen, Vivien L.; Pichika, Rama; Bhakta, Paayal H.; Kant, Ritu; Mukherjee, Jogeshwar

    2010-01-01

    A decline of norepinephrine transporter (NET) level is associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Therefore positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents are greatly desired to study the NET pathway. We have developed a C-fluoropropyl analog of nisoxetine: (R)-N-methyl-3-(3′-[18F]fluoropropyl)phenoxy)-3-phenylpropanamine (18F-MFP3) as a new potential PET radiotracer for NET with the advantage of the longer half-life of fluorine-18 (110 min compared with carbon-11 (20 min). Synthesis of (R)-N-methyl-3-(3′-fluoropropyl)phenoxy)-3-phenylpropanamine (MFP3) was achieved in five steps starting from (S)-N-methyl-3-ol-3-phenylpropanamine in approx. 3–5% overall yields. In vitro binding affinity of nisoxetine and MFP3 in rat brain homogenates labeled with 3H-nisoxetine gave Ki values of 8.02 nM and 23 nM, respectively. For radiosynthesis of 18F-MFP3, fluorine-18 was incorporated into a tosylate precursor, followed by the deprotection of the N-BOC-protected amine group with a 15% decay corrected yield in 2.5 h. Reverse-phase chromatographic purification provided 18F-MFP3 in specific activities of >2000 Ci/mmol. Fluorine-18 labeled 18F-MFP3 has been produced in modest radiochemical yields and in high specific activities. Evaluation of 18F-MFP3 in animal imaging studies is in progress in order to validate this new fluorine-18 radiotracer for PET imaging of NET. PMID:20495670

  5. The Structure-Activity Relationship of the 3-Oxy Site in the Anticonvulsant (R)-N-Benzyl 2-Acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide

    PubMed Central

    Morieux, Pierre; Salomé, Christophe; Park, Ki Duk; Stables, James P.; Kohn, Harold

    2010-01-01

    Lacosamide ((R)-N-benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide, (R)-1) is a low molecular weight anticonvulsant recently introduced in the United States and Europe for adjuvant treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. In this study, we define the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the compound's 3-oxy site. Placement of small non-polar, non-bulky substituents at the 3-oxy site provided compounds with pronounced seizure protection in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure test with activities similar to (R)-1. The anticonvulsant activity loss that accompanied introduction of larger moieties at the 3-oxy site in (R)-1 was offset, in part, by including unsaturated groups at this position. Our findings were similar to a recently reported SAR study of the 4′-benzylamide site in (R)-1 (J. Med. Chem.2010, 53, 1288–1305). Together, these results indicate that both the 3-oxy and 4′-benzylamide positions in (R)-1 can accommodate non-bulky, hydrophobic groups and still retain pronounced anticonvulsant activities in rodents in the MES seizure model. PMID:20614888

  6. On-screen-display (OSD) menu detection for proper stereo content reproduction for 3D TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tolstaya, Ekaterina V.; Bucha, Victor V.; Rychagov, Michael N.

    2011-03-01

    Modern consumer 3D TV sets are able to show video content in two different modes: 2D and 3D. In 3D mode, stereo pair comes from external device such as Blue-ray player, satellite receivers etc. The stereo pair is split into left and right images that are shown one after another. The viewer sees different image for left and right eyes using shutter-glasses properly synchronized with a 3DTV. Besides, some devices that provide TV with a stereo content are able to display some additional information by imposing an overlay picture on video content, an On-Screen-Display (OSD) menu. Some OSDs are not always 3D compatible and lead to incorrect 3D reproduction. In this case, TV set must recognize the type of OSD, whether it is 3D compatible, and visualize it correctly by either switching off stereo mode, or continue demonstration of stereo content. We propose a new stable method for detection of 3D incompatible OSD menus on stereo content. Conventional OSD is a rectangular area with letters and pictograms. OSD menu can be of different transparency levels and colors. To be 3D compatible, an OSD is overlaid separately on both images of a stereo pair. The main problem in detecting OSD is to distinguish whether the color difference is due to OSD presence, or due to stereo parallax. We applied special techniques to find reliable image difference and additionally used a cue that usually OSD has very implicit geometrical features: straight parallel lines. The developed algorithm was tested on our video sequences database, with several types of OSD with different colors and transparency levels overlaid upon video content. Detection quality exceeded 99% of true answers.

  7. Digital coding of Shuttle TV

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Habibi, A.; Batson, B.

    1976-01-01

    Space Shuttle will be using a field-sequential color television system for the first few missions, but the present plans are to switch to a NTSC color TV system for future missions. The field-sequential color TV system uses a modified black and white camera, producing a TV signal with a digital bandwidth of about 60 Mbps. This article discusses the characteristics of the Shuttle TV systems and proposes a bandwidth-compression technique for the field-sequential color TV system that could operate at 13 Mbps to produce a high-fidelity signal. The proposed bandwidth-compression technique is based on a two-dimensional DPCM system that utilizes temporal, spectral, and spatial correlation inherent in the field-sequential color TV imagery. The proposed system requires about 60 watts and less than 200 integrated circuits.

  8. Neighborhood characteristics and TV viewing in youth: nothing to do but watch TV?

    PubMed

    Timperio, Anna; Salmon, Jo; Ball, Kylie; te Velde, Saskia J; Brug, Johannes; Crawford, David

    2012-03-01

    Neighborhoods that discourage physical activity may encourage indoor activities such as television viewing; however few studies have examined associations between neighborhood characteristics and sedentary activities. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between perceived and objective measures of the physical and social neighborhood environment and TV viewing among children and adolescents. Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Parents of 190 children and 169 adolescents completed questionnaire items regarding facilities for physical activity, neighborhood safety (general and traffic), social trust/cohesion, social networks and their child's TV viewing in 2006. Adolescents self-reported their TV viewing. Objective measures of reported crime and neighborhood destinations, road connectivity and traffic exposure were also collected. Questions about TV viewing were repeated in 2008 (longitudinal sample: 157 children; 105 adolescents). In children, cul-de-sac density and reported crime were positively and parental agreement that their neighborhood has good sporting facilities was negatively associated with TV viewing in cross-sectional analyses. There were no longitudinal associations among children. In adolescents, number of sports options and parental agreement that there is so much traffic that it is difficult/unpleasant for their child to walk were negatively associated with TV viewing 2 years later. Crime and a lack of quality sporting facilities or options may contribute to greater TV viewing among youth. Copyright © 2011 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Ruthenium Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Coupling of Propargyl Ethers with Alcohols: Siloxy-Crotylation via Hydride Shift Enabled Conversion of Alkynes to π-Allyls

    PubMed Central

    Liang, Tao; Zhang, Wandi; Chen, Te-Yu; Nguyen, Khoa D.; Krische, Michael J.

    2015-01-01

    The first enantioselective carbonyl crotylations through direct use of alkynes as chiral allylmetal equivalents are described. Chiral ruthenium(II) complexes modified by Josiphos (SL-J009-1) catalyze the C-C coupling of TIPS-protected propargyl ether 1a with primary alcohols 2a-2o to form products of carbonyl siloxy-crotylation 3a-3o, which upon silyl deprotection-reduction deliver 1,4-diols 5a-5o with excellent control of regio-, anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Structurally related propargyl ethers 1b and 1c bearing ethyl- and phenyl-substituents engage in diastereo- and enantioselective coupling, as illustrated in the formation of adducts 5p and 5q, respectively. Selective mono-tosylation of diols 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, 5k and 5m is accompanied by spontaneous cyclization to deliver the trans-2,3-disubstituted furans 6a, 6c, 6e, 6f, 6k and 6m, respectively. Primary alcohols 2a, 2l and 2p were converted to the siloxy-crotylation products 3a, 3l and 3p, which upon silyl deprotection-lactol oxidation were transformed to the trans-4,5-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones 7a, 7l and 7p. The formation of 7p represents a total synthesis of (+)-trans-whisky lactone. Unlike closely related ruthenium catalyzed alkyne-alcohol C-C couplings, deuterium labeling studies provide clear evidence of a novel 1,2-hydride shift mechanism that converts metal-bound alkynes to π-allyls in the absence of intervening allenes. PMID:26418572

  10. Designing stereoscopic information visualization for 3D-TV: What can we can learn from S3D gaming?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schild, Jonas; Masuch, Maic

    2012-03-01

    This paper explores graphical design and spatial alignment of visual information and graphical elements into stereoscopically filmed content, e.g. captions, subtitles, and especially more complex elements in 3D-TV productions. The method used is a descriptive analysis of existing computer- and video games that have been adapted for stereoscopic display using semi-automatic rendering techniques (e.g. Nvidia 3D Vision) or games which have been specifically designed for stereoscopic vision. Digital games often feature compelling visual interfaces that combine high usability with creative visual design. We explore selected examples of game interfaces in stereoscopic vision regarding their stereoscopic characteristics, how they draw attention, how we judge effect and comfort and where the interfaces fail. As a result, we propose a list of five aspects which should be considered when designing stereoscopic visual information: explicit information, implicit information, spatial reference, drawing attention, and vertical alignment. We discuss possible consequences, opportunities and challenges for integrating visual information elements into 3D-TV content. This work shall further help to improve current editing systems and identifies a need for future editing systems for 3DTV, e.g., live editing and real-time alignment of visual information into 3D footage.

  11. 47 CFR 15.115 - TV interface devices, including cable system terminal devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... times the square root of (R) for the video signal and 155 times the square root of (R) for the audio... and 77.5 times the square root of (R) for the audio signal. (2) At any RF output terminal, the maximum... video cassette recorders continue to be subject to the provisions for general TV interface devices. (c...

  12. 47 CFR 15.115 - TV interface devices, including cable system terminal devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... times the square root of (R) for the video signal and 155 times the square root of (R) for the audio... and 77.5 times the square root of (R) for the audio signal. (2) At any RF output terminal, the maximum... video cassette recorders continue to be subject to the provisions for general TV interface devices. (c...

  13. 47 CFR 15.115 - TV interface devices, including cable system terminal devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... times the square root of (R) for the video signal and 155 times the square root of (R) for the audio... and 77.5 times the square root of (R) for the audio signal. (2) At any RF output terminal, the maximum... video cassette recorders continue to be subject to the provisions for general TV interface devices. (c...

  14. Dual catalysis with copper and rhenium for trifluoromethylation of propargylic alcohols: efficient synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated enones.

    PubMed

    Egami, Hiromichi; Ide, Takafumi; Fujita, Masashi; Tojo, Toshifumi; Hamashima, Yoshitaka; Sodeoka, Mikiko

    2014-09-15

    Trifluoromethylation of propargylic alcohols to provide (Z)-α-trifluoromethylated enones and β-unsubstituted α-trifluoromethylated enones proceeded with high yield and selectivity in the presence of CuI/Re2O7. The Z isomer was formed under kinetic control, though it is less stable than the E isomer in terms of steric repulsion. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Gold-Catalyzed Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones: Relevant Pharmacophores and Peptide Backbone Constraints.

    PubMed

    Přibylka, Adam; Krchňák, Viktor

    2017-11-13

    Here, we report the efficient solid-phase synthesis of N-propargyl peptides using Fmoc-amino acids and propargyl alcohol as key building blocks. Gold-catalyzed nucleophilic addition to the triple bond induced C-N bond formation, which triggered intramolecular cyclization, yielding 1,3,4-trisubstituted-5-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones. Conformations of acyclic and constrained peptides were compared using a two-step conformer distribution analysis at the molecular mechanics level and density functional theory. The results indicated that the incorporation of heterocyclic molecular scaffold into a short peptide sequence adopted extended conformation of peptide chain. The amide bond adjacent to the constraint did not show significant preference for either cis or trans isomerism. Prepared model compounds demonstrate a proof of concept for gold-catalyzed polymer-supported synthesis of variously substituted 3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones for applications in drug discovery and peptide backbone constraints.

  16. Physical Activity With and Without TV Viewing: Effects on Enjoyment of Physical Activity and TV, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Barriers to Being Active in Overweight Adults.

    PubMed

    Steeves, Jeremy A; Bassett, David R; Fitzhugh, Eugene C; Raynor, Hollie; Cho, Chi; Thompson, Dixie L

    2016-04-01

    Physical activity (PA) is enjoyable, but there are barriers to participation. TV viewing is highly enjoyable with limited barriers. Exercising while viewing TV may impact enjoyment, exercise self-efficacy, and barriers to PA, compared with exercising without TV. 58 sedentary, overweight adults were randomized to 1 of 2 PA prescriptions: one that increased PA during TV viewing (TV Commercial Stepping), and another that focused solely on PA (Walking). Random effects models tested changes in enjoyment of TV and PA, exercise self-efficacy, and barriers to PA across time (baseline, 3, and 6 months) and PA prescription during a 6-month PA intervention. At baseline, TV was more enjoyable than PA. Over the 6-month intervention, enjoyment of TV viewing did not change, but enjoyment of PA and exercise self-efficacy significantly increased, while barriers to PA significantly decreased for both groups compared with baseline (P < .05). While enjoyment of TV viewing remained constant, PA became more enjoyable, confidence to exercise increased, and barriers to being active were reduced for previously sedentary adults participating in a behavioral PA intervention. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging inactive adults to engage in some form of PA, whether it occurs with or without TV viewing.

  17. View generation for 3D-TV using image reconstruction from irregularly spaced samples

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vázquez, Carlos

    2007-02-01

    Three-dimensional television (3D-TV) will become the next big step in the development of advanced TV systems. One of the major challenges for the deployment of 3D-TV systems is the diversity of display technologies and the high cost of capturing multi-view content. Depth image-based rendering (DIBR) has been identified as a key technology for the generation of new views for stereoscopic and multi-view displays from a small number of views captured and transmitted. We propose a disparity compensation method for DIBR that does not require spatial interpolation of the disparity map. We use a forward-mapping disparity compensation with real precision. The proposed method deals with the irregularly sampled image resulting from this disparity compensation process by applying a re-sampling algorithm based on a bi-cubic spline function space that produces smooth images. The fact that no approximation is made on the position of the samples implies that geometrical distortions in the final images due to approximations in sample positions are minimized. We also paid attention to the occlusion problem. Our algorithm detects the occluded regions in the newly generated images and uses simple depth-aware inpainting techniques to fill the gaps created by newly exposed areas. We tested the proposed method in the context of generation of views needed for viewing on SynthaGram TM auto-stereoscopic displays. We used as input either a 2D image plus a depth map or a stereoscopic pair with the associated disparity map. Our results show that this technique provides high quality images to be viewed on different display technologies such as stereoscopic viewing with shutter glasses (two views) and lenticular auto-stereoscopic displays (nine views).

  18. Spatial detection of tv channel logos as outliers from the content

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ekin, Ahmet; Braspenning, Ralph

    2006-01-01

    This paper proposes a purely image-based TV channel logo detection algorithm that can detect logos independently from their motion and transparency features. The proposed algorithm can robustly detect any type of logos, such as transparent and animated, without requiring any temporal constraints whereas known methods have to wait for the occurrence of large motion in the scene and assume stationary logos. The algorithm models logo pixels as outliers from the actual scene content that is represented by multiple 3-D histograms in the YC BC R space. We use four scene histograms corresponding to each of the four corners because the content characteristics change from one image corner to another. A further novelty of the proposed algorithm is that we define image corners and the areas where we compute the scene histograms by a cinematic technique called Golden Section Rule that is used by professionals. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated over a dataset of representative TV content.

  19. Trichomonas vaginalis metalloproteinase TvMP50 is a monomeric Aminopeptidase P-like enzyme.

    PubMed

    Arreola, Rodrigo; Villalpando, José Luis; Puente-Rivera, Jonathan; Morales-Montor, Jorge; Rudiño-Piñera, Enrique; Alvarez-Sánchez, María Elizbeth

    2018-06-23

    Previously, metalloproteinase was isolated and identified from Trichomonas vaginalis, belonging to the aminopeptidase P-like metalloproteinase subfamily A/B, family M24 of clan MG, named TvMP50. The native and recombinant TvMP50 showed proteolytic activity, determined by gelatin zymogram, and a 50 kDa band, suggesting that TvMP50 is a monomeric active enzyme. This was an unexpected finding since other Xaa-Pro aminopeptidases/prolidases are active as a biological unit formed by dimers/tetramers. In this study, the evolutionary history of TvMP50 and the preliminary crystal structure of the recombinant enzyme determined at 3.4 Å resolution is reported. TvMP50 was shown to be a type of putative, eukaryotic, monomeric aminopeptidase P, and the crystallographic coordinates showed a monomer on a "pseudo-homodimer" array on the asymmetric unit that resembles the quaternary structure of the M24B dimeric family and suggests a homodimeric aminopeptidase P-like enzyme as a likely ancestor. Interestingly, TvMP50 had a modified N-terminal region compared with other Xaa-Pro aminopeptidases/prolidases with three-dimensional structures; however, the formation of the standard dimer is structurally unstable in aqueous solution, and a comparably reduced number of hydrogen bridges and lack of saline bridges were found between subunits A/B, which could explain why TvMP50 portrays monomeric functionality. Additionally, we found that the Parabasalia group contains two protein lineages with a "pita bread" fold; the ancestral monomeric group 1 was probably derived from an ancestral dimeric aminopeptidase P-type enzyme, and group 2 has a probable dimeric kind of ancestral eukaryotic prolidase lineage. The implications of such hypotheses are also presented.

  20. Fit5Kids TV reduction program and Latino preschoolers' TV viewing behaviors: A pilot cluster RCT

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Excessive television (TV) viewing has been associated with a greater risk of childhood obesity. Latino children watch higher amounts of TV than their peers and are disproportionately affected by childhood obesity. Since TV viewing and obesity track from preschool into adolescence, early intervention...

  1. Violence and Sex in Music Videos: TV and Rock n' Roll.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sherman, Barry L.; Dominick, Joseph R.

    1986-01-01

    Describes a study measuring the amount and kind of violence and sex presented in prime time music videos during a seven-week period. Compares sex and violence on music television to known data on conventional TV. (MS)

  2. People with Hemianopia Report Difficulty with TV, Computer, Cinema Use, and Photography.

    PubMed

    Costela, Francisco M; Sheldon, Sarah S; Walker, Bethany; Woods, Russell L

    2018-05-01

    Our survey found that participants with hemianopia report more difficulties watching video in various formats, including television (TV), on computers, and in a movie theater, compared with participants with normal vision (NV). These reported difficulties were not as marked as those reported by people with central vision loss. The aim of this study was to survey the viewing experience (e.g., frequency, difficulty) of viewing video on TV, computers and portable visual display devices, and at the cinema of people with hemianopia and NV. This information may guide vision rehabilitation. We administered a cross-sectional survey to investigate the viewing habits of people with hemianopia (n = 91) or NV (n = 192). The survey, consisting of 22 items, was administered either in person or in a telephone interview. Descriptive statistics are reported. There were five major differences between the hemianopia and NV groups. Many participants with hemianopia reported (1) at least "some" difficulty watching TV (39/82); (2) at least "some" difficulty watching video on a computer (16/62); (3) never attending the cinema (30/87); (4) at least some difficulty watching movies in the cinema (20/56), among those who did attend the cinema; and (5) never taking photographs (24/80). Some people with hemianopia reported methods that they used to help them watch video, including video playback and head turn. Although people with hemianopia report more difficulty with viewing video on TV and at the cinema, we are not aware of any rehabilitation methods specifically designed to assist people with hemianopia to watch video. The results of this survey may guide future vision rehabilitation.

  3. The Fun Families Study: intervention to reduce children's TV viewing.

    PubMed

    Escobar-Chaves, Soledad Liliana; Markham, Christine M; Addy, Robert C; Greisinger, Anthony; Murray, Nancy G; Brehm, Brenda

    2010-02-01

    Media consumption may contribute to childhood obesity. This study developed and evaluated a theory-based, parent-focused intervention to reduce television and other media consumption to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. Families (n = 202) with children ages 6-9 were recruited from a large, urban multiethnic population into a randomized controlled trial (101 families into the intervention group and 101 into the control group), and were followed for 6 months. The intervention consisted of a 2-hour workshop and six bimonthly newsletters. Behavioral objectives included: (i) reduce TV watching; (ii) turn off TV when nobody is watching; (iii) no TV with meals; (iv) no TV in the child's bedroom; and (v) engage in fun non-media related activities. Parents were 89% female, 44% white, 28% African American, 17% Latino, and 11% Asian, mean age 40 years (s.d. = 7.5); 72% were married. Children were 49% female, mean age 8 years (s.d. = 0.95). Sixty-five percent of households had three or more TVs and video game players; 37% had at least one handheld video game, and 53% had three or more computers. Average children's weekday media exposure was 6.1 hours. At 6 months follow-up, the intervention group was less likely to report the TV being on when nobody was watching (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.23, P < 0.05), less likely to report eating snacks while watching TV (AOR = 0.47, P < 0.05), and less likely to have a TV in the child's bedroom (AOR = 0.23, P < 0.01). There was a trend toward reducing actual media consumption but these outcomes did not reach statistical significance. Effective strategies to reduce children's TV viewing were identified.

  4. Effect of the exposure to TV food advertisements on the consumption of foods by mothers and children.

    PubMed

    Díaz-Ramírez, Glenda; Jiménez-Cruz, Arturo; Souto-Gallardo, Maria de las Cruces; Bacardí-Gascón, Montserrat

    2013-01-01

    Foods advertised were recorded in 2 television (TV) channels. The present article studies the association between products advertised and those consumed by mothers and children. A total of 365 mothers and their children were assessed. A positive correlation was observed between the food advertisements that the mothers recalled and the frequency of TV food advertisements (Rho = 0.44, P = 0.03). A positive correlation was found between the frequency of the foods advertised on TV and the consumption of these by the mothers (r = 0.73, P = 0.0001) and their children (Rho = 0.66, P = 0.0001). These results suggest that TV advertisements influence the food choices of mothers and children.

  5. 47 CFR 15.713 - TV bands database.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV bands database. 15.713 Section 15.713... TV bands database. (a) Purpose. The TV bands database serves the following functions: (1) To... databases. (b) Information in the TV bands database. (1) Facilities already recorded in Commission databases...

  6. Strength, toughness and R-curve behaviour of SiC whisker-reinforced composite Si3N4 with reference to monolithic Si3N4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Choi, S. R.; Salem, J. A.

    1992-01-01

    The flexural strength and fracture toughness of 30 vol pct SiC whisker-reinforced Si3N4 material were determined as a function of temperature from 25 to 1400 C in an air environment. It was found that both strength and toughness of the composite material were almost the same as those of the monolithic counterpart. The room-temperature strength was retained up to 1100 C; however, appreciable strength degradation started at 1200 C and reached a maximum at 1400 C due to stable crack growth. In contrast, the fracture toughness of the two materials was independent of temperature with an average value of 5.66 MPa sq rt m. It was also observed that the composite material exhibited no rising R-curve behavior at room temperature, as was the case for the monolithic material. These results indicate that SiC whisker addition to the Si3N4 matrix did not provide any favorable effects on strength, toughness and R-curve behavior.

  7. Serial-to-parallel color-TV converter

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Doak, T. W.; Merwin, R. B.; Zuckswert, S. E.; Sepper, W.

    1976-01-01

    Solid analog-to-digital converter eliminates flicker and problems with time base stability and gain variation in sequential color TV cameras. Device includes 3-bit delta modulator; two-field memory; timing, switching, and sync network; and three 3-bit delta demodulators

  8. cfa-miR-143 Promotes Apoptosis via the p53 Pathway in Canine Influenza Virus H3N2-Infected Cells.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Pei; Tu, Liqing; Lin, Xi; Hao, Xiangqi; Zheng, Qingxu; Zeng, Weijie; Zhang, Xin; Zheng, Yun; Wang, Lifang; Li, Shoujun

    2017-11-25

    MicroRNAs regulate multiple aspects of the host response to viral infection. This study verified that the expression of cfa-miR-143 was upregulated in vivo and in vitro by canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 infection. To understand the role of cfa-miR-143 in CIV-infected cells, the target gene of cfa-miR-143 was identified and assessed for correlations with proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that cfa-miR-143 targets insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (Igfbp5). Furthermore, a miRNA agomir and antagomir of cfa-miR-143 caused the downregulation and upregulation of Igfbp5, respectively, in CIV-infected madin-darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. This study demonstrated that cfa-miR-143 stimulated p53 and caspase3 activation and induced apoptosis via the p53 pathway in CIV H3N2-infected cells. In conclusion, CIV H3N2 induced the upregulation of cfa-miR-143, which contributes to apoptosis via indirectly activating the p53-caspase3 pathway.

  9. Thermoelectric and structural correlations in (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 perovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Somaily, H.; Kolesnik, S.; Dabrowski, B.; Chmaissem, O.

    2017-08-01

    Structural and thermoelectric properties are reported for a specially designed class of A -site substituted perovskite titanates, (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 . Two series synthesized with various A -site Sr-rich or Ca-rich (Sr-poor) concentrations were investigated using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction as a function of temperature and Nd doping. Each series was designed to have a nominally constant tolerance factor at room temperature. We determine the room temperature structures as tetragonal I 4 /m c m and orthorhombic P b n m for the Sr-rich and Ca-rich series, respectively. Three low-temperature orthorhombic structures, P b n m , I b m m , and P b c m were also observed for the Sr-rich series, whereas the symmetry of the Ca-rich series remains unchanged throughout the full measured temperature range. Thermoelectric properties of (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 were investigated and correlated with the structural variables. We succeeded in achieving a relatively high figure of merit Z T =0.07 at ˜400 K in the Sr-rich S r0.76C a0.16N d0.08Ti O3 composition which is comparable to that of the best n -type TE SrT i0.80N b0.20O3 oxide material reported to date. For a fixed tolerance factor, the Nd doping enhances the carrier density and effective mass at the expense of the Seebeck coefficient. Thermal conductivity greatly reduces upon Nd doping in the Ca-rich series. With an enhanced Seebeck coefficient at elevated temperatures and reduced thermal conductivity, we predict that S r0.76C a0.16N d0.08Ti O3 and similar compositions have the potential to become some of the best materials in their class of thermoelectric oxides.

  10. Cross-linked g-C3 N4 /rGO nanocomposites with tunable band structure and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.

    PubMed

    Li, Yibing; Zhang, Haimin; Liu, Porun; Wang, Dan; Li, Ying; Zhao, Huijun

    2013-10-11

    Cross-linked rather than non-covalently bonded graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 )/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites with tunable band structures have been successfully fabricated by thermal treatment of a mixture of cyanamide and graphene oxide with different weight ratios. The experimental results indicate that compared to pure g-C3 N4 , the fabricated CN/rGO nanocomposites show narrowed bandgaps with an increased in the rGO ratio. Furthermore, the band structure of the CN/rGO nanocomposites can be readily tuned by simply controlling the weight ratio of the rGO. It is found that an appropriate rGO ratio in nanocomposite leads to a noticeable positively shifted valence band edge potential, meaning an increased oxidation power. The tunable band structure of the CN/rGO nanocomposites can be ascribed to the formation of C-O-C covalent bonding between the rGO and g-C3 N4 layers, which is experimentally confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) data. The resulting nanocomposites are evaluated as photocatalysts by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and 4-nitrophenol under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The results demonstrate that the photocatalytic activities of the CN/rGO nanocomposites are strongly influenced by rGO ratio. With a rGO ratio of 2.5%, the CN/rGO-2.5% nanocomposite exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency, which is almost 3.0 and 2.7 times that of pure g-C3 N4 toward photocatalytic degradation of RhB and 4-nitrophenol, respectively. This improved photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the improved visible light utilization, oxidation power, and electron transport property, due to the significantly narrowed bandgap, positively shifted valence band-edge potential, and enhanced electronic conductivity. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. Effect of TV food advertising restriction on food environment for children in South Korea.

    PubMed

    Lee, Youngmi; Yoon, Jihyun; Chung, Sang-Jin; Lee, Soo-Kyung; Kim, Hyogyoo; Kim, Soyoung

    2017-02-01

    This study attempted to determine the effects of restrictions on television (TV) food advertising on children's food environments in South Korea. It examined changes that occurred in the marketing mix of food companies following enactment of those restrictions. An on-line survey was conducted with marketers or R&D managers of 108 food companies. A questionnaire was used to inquire about changes that occurred in Product, Place, Price and Promotion as a result of the restrictions placed on TV food advertising. Analysis was performed on the data collected from the responding 63 food companies (58.3%). The results of their answers showed that among the four marketing mix components the restrictions exerted relatively stronger effects on Product. Effects were stronger on companies that produced foods within the product categories of Energy-Dense and Nutrient-Poor foods (EDNP companies) in comparison with companies that did not (non-EDNP companies). The restrictions exerted positive effects on EDNP companies with respect to compliance with labeling requirements and reinforcement of nutritional contents examination, as well as changes to products such as reducing unhealthy ingredients and fortifying nutrients. Overall, the results revealed the possibility that restrictions on TV food advertising could improve children's food environments by encouraging EDNP companies to make favorable product changes. On the one hand, the results also found that some food companies attempted to bypass the regulations by changing marketing channels from TV to others and by reducing product serving sizes. Thus, future measures should be implemented to prevent food companies from bypassing regulations and to control children's exposure to marketing channels other than TV.

  12. The association of parent's outcome expectations for child TV viewing with parenting practices and child TV viewing: an examination using path analysis.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Lauren; Chen, Tzu-An; Hughes, Sheryl O; O'Connor, Teresia M

    2015-05-28

    Television (TV) viewing has been associated with many undesirable outcomes for children, such as increased risk of obesity, but TV viewing can also have benefits. Although restrictive parenting practices are effective in reducing children's TV viewing, not all parents use them and it is currently unclear why. The current study examined parenting practices related to TV viewing in the context of social- cognitive theory. Specifically, we hypothesized that positive and negative Parental Outcome Expectations for child's TV Viewing (POETV) would be associated with social co-viewing and restrictive parenting practices, and that POETV and parenting practices influence the amount of TV viewed by child. Data were collected from an internet survey of 287 multi-ethnic parents and their 6-12 year old children on participants' sociodemographic information, parenting practices related to TV use, POETV, and parent and child TV viewing. Path analysis was used to examine the relationship amongst variables in separate models for weekday and weekend TV viewing. controlling for child age, household education, and parental TV viewing. The results provided partial support for the hypotheses, with notable differences between weekday and weekend viewing. The models explained 13.6% and 23.4% of the variance in children's TV viewing on weekdays and weekends respectively. Neither positive nor negative POETV were associated with restrictive TV parenting in either model. One subscale each from positive and negative POETV were associated with social co-viewing parenting on both weekends and weekdays in the expected direction. Restrictive parenting practices were directly negatively associated with children's TV viewing on weekdays, but not weekends. Social co-viewing parenting was directly positively associated with children's TV viewing on weekends, but not weekdays. The strongest influence on children's TV viewing was having a TV in the child's bedroom. Negative POETV was weakly associated

  13. TV exposure associated with sleep disturbances in 5- to 6-year-old children.

    PubMed

    Paavonen, E Juulia; Pennonen, Marjo; Roine, Mira; Valkonen, Satu; Lahikainen, Anja Riitta

    2006-06-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various forms of TV exposure on the quality of children's sleep. In this randomized population-based survey questionnaires concerning TV viewing, sleep disturbances, and psychiatric symptoms were administered to 321 parents of children aged 5-6 years. Sleep disturbance scores were the main outcome measures. Active TV viewing and passive TV exposure were related to sleeping difficulties, especially sleep-wake transition disorders and overall sleep disturbances. Particularly, passive TV exposure and viewing adult-targeted TV programs were strongly related to sleep disturbances. The association remained significant when socioeconomic status, family income, family conflicts, the father's work schedule, and the child's psychiatric symptoms were controlled statistically. The adjusted odds ratios were 2.91 (95% CI 1.03-8.17) and 3.01 (95% CI 1.13-8.05), respectively. TV viewing and particularly passive TV exposure and viewing adult-targeted programs significantly increase the risk of sleeping difficulties. The results suggest that health-care professionals should be aware of the association between TV exposure and sleep disturbances.

  14. R3 Index for Four-Dimensional N =2 Field Theories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alexandrov, Sergei; Moore, Gregory W.; Neitzke, Andrew; Pioline, Boris

    2015-03-01

    In theories with N =2 supersymmetry on R3 ,1, supersymmetric bound states can decay across walls of marginal stability in the space of Coulomb branch parameters, leading to discontinuities in the BPS indices Ω (γ ,u ) . We consider a supersymmetric index I which receives contributions from 1 /2 -BPS states, generalizing the familiar Witten index Tr (-1 )Fe-β H . We expect I to be smooth away from loci where massless particles appear, thanks to contributions from the continuum of multiparticle states. Taking inspiration from a similar phenomenon in the hypermultiplet moduli space of N =2 string vacua, we conjecture a formula expressing I in terms of the BPS indices Ω (γ ,u ), which is continuous across the walls and exhibits the expected contributions from single particle states at large β . This gives a universal prediction for the contributions of multiparticle states to the index I . This index is naturally a function on the moduli space after reduction on a circle, closely related to the canonical hyperkähler metric and hyperholomorphic connection on this space.

  15. R^{3} index for four-dimensional (N)=2 field theories.

    PubMed

    Alexandrov, Sergei; Moore, Gregory W; Neitzke, Andrew; Pioline, Boris

    2015-03-27

    In theories with N=2 supersymmetry on R^{3,1}, supersymmetric bound states can decay across walls of marginal stability in the space of Coulomb branch parameters, leading to discontinuities in the BPS indices Ω(γ,u). We consider a supersymmetric index I which receives contributions from 1/2-BPS states, generalizing the familiar Witten index Tr(-1)^{F}e^{-βH}. We expect I to be smooth away from loci where massless particles appear, thanks to contributions from the continuum of multiparticle states. Taking inspiration from a similar phenomenon in the hypermultiplet moduli space of N=2 string vacua, we conjecture a formula expressing I in terms of the BPS indices Ω(γ,u), which is continuous across the walls and exhibits the expected contributions from single particle states at large β. This gives a universal prediction for the contributions of multiparticle states to the index I. This index is naturally a function on the moduli space after reduction on a circle, closely related to the canonical hyperkähler metric and hyperholomorphic connection on this space.

  16. The effect of variable S/N on the subjective evaluation of protection ratios for direct-TV satellite services

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Groumpos, P. P.; Dimitriadis, B. D.; Whyte, W.

    1984-01-01

    Protection ratios, the ratio of wanted-to-unwanted signal power at the receiver input, for acceptable picture quality were experimentally evaluated for four different still pictures. The variation of carrier-to-interference, C/I, with picture impairment grade is investigated when different noise levels are present. Results are presented which show the relationship between the impairment grade and the C/I ratio for FM/TV co-channel systems under variable S/N conditions.

  17. Confronting Seiberg's duality with r duality in N=1 supersymmetric QCD

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shifman, M.; Yung, A.

    2012-09-01

    Systematizing our results on r duality obtained previously we focus on comparing r duality with the generalized Seiberg duality in the r vacua of N=2 and N=1 super-Yang-Mills theories with the U(N) gauge group and Nf matter flavors (Nf>N). The number of condensed (s)quarks r is assumed to be in the interval (2)/(3)NfN. To pass to N=1 we introduce an N=2-breaking deformation, a mass term μ for the adjoint matter, eventually decoupling the adjoint matter in the limit of large μ. If one starts from a large value of the parameter ξ˜μm, where the original theory is at weak coupling, and let ξ decrease, one hits a crossover transition from weak to strong coupling (here m is a typical value of the quark masses). Below this transition the original theory is described in terms of a weakly coupled infrared-free r dual theory with the U(Nf-r) gauge group and Nf light quarklike dyon flavors. Dyon condensation leads to confinement of monopoles, defying a naive expectation of quark confinement. The quarks and gauge bosons of the original theory are in an “instead-of-confinement” phase. The r and Seiberg dualities are demonstrated to coincide in the r=N vacua. In the (2)/(3)Nf<r vacua two dualities do not match. In this window Seiberg’s dual is at strong coupling while our r-dual model is at weak coupling. Thus, we can speak of triality. Seiberg’s dual solution at weak coupling reappears again at r<(1)/(3)Nf.

  18. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference. Future of Cable TV Section. Papers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Inc., Washington, DC.

    This group of four papers considers the future of the cable television industry, and in particular, examines the impact of recent court and regulatory decisions in this field. The papers presented are: (1) "The First Amendment, Cable TV, and the Must-Carry Rule: Moving towards a Cost-Benefit Analysis" (John R. Woodbury, Federal Trade…

  19. Gas-phase Conformational Analysis of (R,R)-Tartaric Acid, its Diamide, N,N,N',N'- Tetramethyldiamide and Model Compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hoffmann, Marcin; Szarecka, Agnieszka; Rychlewski, Jacek

    A review over most recent ab initio studies carried out at both RHF and MP2 levels on (R,R)-tartaric acid (TA), its diamide (DA), tetramethyldiamide (TMDA) and on three prototypic model systems (each of them constitutes a half of the respective parental molecule), i.e. 2-hydroxyacetic acid (HA), 2-hydroxyacetamide (HD) and 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylacetamide (HMD) is presented. (R,R)-tartaric acid and the derivatives have been completely optimized at RHF/6-31G* level and subsequently single-point energies of all conformers have been calculated with the use of second order perturbation theory according to the scheme: MP2/6-31G*//RHF/6-31G*. In the complete optimization of the model molecules at RHF level we have employed relatively large basis sets, augmented with polarisation and diffuse functions, namely 3-21G, 6-31G*, 6-31++G** and 6-311++G**. Electronic correlation has been included with the largest basis set used in this study, i.e. MP2/6-311++G**//RHF/6-311++G** single-point energy calculations have been performed. General confomational preferences of tartaric acid derivatives have been analysed as well as an attempt has been made to define main factors affecting the conformational behaviour of these molecules in the isolated state, in particular, the role and stability of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In the case of the model compounds, our study principally concerned the conformational preferences and hydrogen bonding structure within the [alpha]-hydroxy-X moiety, where X=COOH, CONH2, CON(CH3)2.

  20. Novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (CDOH2=cyclohexanedione dioxime) as potential radiotracers for heart imaging.

    PubMed

    Liu, Min; Zheng, Yumin; Avcibasi, Ugur; Liu, Shuang

    2016-11-01

    In this study, novel 99m Tc(III)-azide complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] ( 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 : R=IS; 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 : R=MP; 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 : R=PA; 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 : R=PY; and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 : R=5U) were evaluated as heart imaging agents. Complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] (R=IS, MP, PA, PY and 5U) were prepared by ligand exchange between NaN 3 and [ 99m TcCl(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their initial heart uptake and myocardial retention. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were prepared with high RCP (93-98%) while the RCP of 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 was 80-85%. The myocardial retention curves of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-time of the fast component was 1.6±0.4min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 0.7±0.1min for 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 0.9±0.4min for 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 . The 2-min heart uptake from biodistribution studies followed the ranking order of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 (3.60±0.68%ID/g)> 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 (2.35±0.37%ID/g)≫ 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 (1.29±0.06%ID/g). 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 had the highest 2-min heart uptake among 99m Tc radiotracers revaluated in SD rats. High quality SPECT images were obtained with the right and left ventricular walls being clearly delineated. The best image acquisition window was 0-5min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 . Both azide coligand and boronate caps had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Among the radiotracers evaluated in SD rats, 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 has the highest initial heart uptake with the heart retention comparable to that of 99m Tc-Teboroxime. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 is a promising alternative to 99m Tc-Teboroxime for

  1. Trichocystatin-2 (TC-2): an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in Trichomonas vaginalis is associated with TvCP39.

    PubMed

    Puente-Rivera, Jonathan; Ramón-Luing, Lucero de los Ángeles; Figueroa-Angulo, Elisa Elvira; Ortega-López, Jaime; Arroyo, Rossana

    2014-09-01

    The causal agent of trichomoniasis is a parasitic protist, Trichomonas vaginalis, which is rich in proteolytic activity, primarily carried out by cysteine proteases (CPs). Some CPs are known virulence factors. T. vaginalis also possesses three genes encoding endogenous cystatin-like CP inhibitors. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize one of these CP inhibitors. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS), a cystatin-like peptidase inhibitor dubbed Trichocystatin-2 (TC-2) was identified in the T. vaginalis active degradome in association with TvCP39, a 39kDa CP involved in cytotoxicity. To characterize the TC-2 inhibitor, we cloned and expressed the tvicp-2 gene, purified the recombinant protein (TC-2r), and produced a specific polyclonal antibody (α-TC-2r). This antibody recognized a 10kDa protein band by western blotting. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and cell fractionation assays using the α-TC-2r antibody showed that TC-2 was localized in the cytoplasm and lysosomes and that it colocalized with TvCP39. TC-2r showed inhibitory activity against papain, cathepsin-L, and TvCP39 in trichomonad extracts and live parasites but not legumain-like CPs. Live trichomonads treated with TC-2r showed reduced trichomonal cytotoxicity to HeLa cell monolayers in a TC-2r-concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we identified and characterized an endogenous cystatin-like inhibitor in T. vaginalis, TC-2, which is associated with TvCP39 and appears to regulate the cellular damage caused by T. vaginalis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Color TV: total variation methods for restoration of vector-valued images.

    PubMed

    Blomgren, P; Chan, T F

    1998-01-01

    We propose a new definition of the total variation (TV) norm for vector-valued functions that can be applied to restore color and other vector-valued images. The new TV norm has the desirable properties of 1) not penalizing discontinuities (edges) in the image, 2) being rotationally invariant in the image space, and 3) reducing to the usual TV norm in the scalar case. Some numerical experiments on denoising simple color images in red-green-blue (RGB) color space are presented.

  3. Structural classification of RAO3( MO) n compounds ( R =Sc, In, Y, or lanthanides; A =Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M =divalent cation; n = 1-11)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kimizuka, Noboru; Mohri, Takahiko

    1989-01-01

    A series of new compounds RAO3( MO) n ( n = 1-11) having spinel, YbFe 2O 4, or InFeO 3(ZnO) n types of structures were newly synthesized ( R =Sc, In, Y, Lu, Yb, Tm, or Er; A =Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M =Mg, Mn, Fe(II), Co, Ni, Zn, or Cd) at elevated temperatures. The conditions of synthesis and the lattice constants for these compounds are reported. The stacking sequences of the InO 1.5, (FeZn)O 2.5, and ZnO layers for InFeO 3(ZnO) 10 and the TmO 1.5, (AlZn)O 2.5, and ZnO layers for TmAlO 3(ZnO) 11 are presented, respectively. The crystal structures of the( RAO3) m( MO) n phases ( R =Sc, In, Y, or lanthanide elements; A =Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M =divalent cation elements; m and n =integer) are classified into four crystal structure types (K 2NiF 4, CaFe 2O 4, YbFe 2O 4, and spinel), based upon the constituent cations R, A, and M

  4. Waking Up Buried Memories of Old TV Programs

    PubMed Central

    Larzabal, Christelle; Bacon-Macé, Nadège; Muratot, Sophie; Thorpe, Simon J.

    2017-01-01

    Although it has been demonstrated that visual and auditory stimuli can be recalled decades after the initial exposure, previous studies have generally not ruled out the possibility that the material may have been seen or heard during the intervening period. Evidence shows that reactivations of a long-term memory trace play a role in its update and maintenance. In the case of remote or very long-term memories, it is most likely that these reactivations are triggered by the actual re-exposure to the stimulus. In this study we decided to explore whether it is possible to recall stimuli that could not have been re-experienced in the intervening period. We tested the ability of French participants (N = 34, 31 female) to recall 50 TV programs broadcast on average for the last time 44 years ago (from the 60's and early 70's). Potential recall was elicited by the presentation of short audiovisual excerpts of these TV programs. The absence of potential re-exposure to the material was strictly controlled by selecting TV programs that have never been rebroadcast and were not available in the public domain. Our results show that six TV programs were particularly well identified on average across the 34 participants with a median percentage of 71.7% (SD = 13.6, range: 48.5–87.9%). We also obtained 50 single case reports with associated information about the viewing of 23 TV programs including the 6 previous ones. More strikingly, for two cases, retrieval of the title was made spontaneously without the need of a four-proposition choice. These results suggest that re-exposures to the stimuli are not necessary to maintain a memory for a lifetime. These new findings raise fundamental questions about the underlying mechanisms used by the brain to store these very old sensory memories. PMID:28443005

  5. 47 CFR 74.706 - Digital TV (DTV) station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.706 Digital TV (DTV) station protection. (a) For purposes of this... chapter. (b)(1) An application to construct a new low power TV or TV translator station or change the... translator or TV booster station field strength is calculated from the proposed effective radiated power (ERP...

  6. Range Finding 14-Day and 90-Day Subchronic Feeding Studies with N,N-Dipropylcyclohexanecarboxamide in Rats. Phase 4.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-12-01

    Y CLS$1F-.AT N OF THIS...1 MN cD jO 0 -O Ocn00 ~ c" W) 400’ rno n + a9 .9 .i , vi 4 -W cm C44. y c 000 CD %D 1% CD-. U 4 CnN C! - N ON N N TV o 00 e~. r, ML 4r WL ne 0...to N D N4 ’aN N " Nf Y N Nm 00 1C’ bq D Wc iG f". rC W C4 No N N D On ’-0 0 0 f" .4l cc W.4 LoP doE N 04 In Ins. +. V. 0 0 fn 10 C Go 0D C 00’ 4o

  7. 47 CFR 15.713 - TV bands database.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false TV bands database. 15.713 Section 15.713... TV bands database. (a) Purpose. The TV bands database serves the following functions: (1) To... channels are determined based on the interference protection requirements in § 15.712. A database must...

  8. 47 CFR 15.713 - TV bands database.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false TV bands database. 15.713 Section 15.713... TV bands database. (a) Purpose. The TV bands database serves the following functions: (1) To... channels are determined based on the interference protection requirements in § 15.712. A database must...

  9. Beliefs About Child TV Viewing in Low-Income Mexican American Parents of Preschoolers: Development of the Beliefs About Child TV Viewing Scale (B-TV).

    PubMed

    Thompson, Darcy A; Johnson, Susan L; Schmiege, Sarah J; Vandewater, Elizabeth A; Boles, Richard E; Lev, Jerusha; Tschann, Jeanne M

    2018-06-01

    Objectives Parental beliefs about child television viewing may affect the way parents regulate child television viewing. Despite this, little research has focused on the development of measures of parental beliefs about child television viewing, particularly among ethnic minority parents and parents of young children. This study's objective was to develop and test a culturally-based measure of parental beliefs about television viewing in low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 22 items reflecting parental beliefs about influences of TV on children were developed and assessed for psychometric properties in a sample of 312 low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Results Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four factors reflecting four domains of parental beliefs: positive general beliefs, positive sleep-related beliefs, positive functional beliefs, and negative general beliefs. Internal reliabilities were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.89) for all factors except negative general beliefs (Cronbach's alpha = 0.61). Positive sleep-related beliefs and Positive Functional Beliefs were correlated with children's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.16, p < .01; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively) and with mother's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.14, p < .05; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively), providing initial support for construct validity. Conclusions for Practice The Beliefs about Child TV viewing scale measures four domains of parental beliefs regarding child TV viewing, and has good initial reliability and validity for three factors. Future use will allow investigators to conduct more in-depth evaluations on the influence of parental beliefs on the way parents shape their child's use of the TV.

  10. Role of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in the in vitro N-dechloroethylation of (R)- and (S)-ifosfamide in human liver microsomes.

    PubMed

    Granvil, C P; Madan, A; Sharkawi, M; Parkinson, A; Wainer, I W

    1999-04-01

    The central nervous system toxicity of ifosfamide (IFF), a chiral antineoplastic agent, is thought to be dependent on its N-dechloroethylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify the human CYPs responsible for IFF-N-dechloroethylation and their corresponding regio- and enantioselectivities. IFF exists in two enantiomeric forms, (R) - and (S)-IFF, which can be dechloroethylated at either the N2 or N3 positions, producing the corresponding (R,S)-2-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R, S)-2-DCE-IFF] and (R,S)-3-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R,S)-3-DCE-IFF]. The results of the present study suggest that the production of (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF is catalyzed by different CYPs as is the production of (S)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF. In vitro studies with a bank of human liver microsomes revealed that the sample-to-sample variation in the production of (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF was highly correlated with the levels of (S)-mephenytoin N-demethylation (CYP2B6), whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF production from (R)-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF production from (S)-IFF were both correlated with the activity of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (CYP3A4/5). Experiments with cDNA-expressed P-450 and antibody and chemical inhibition studies supported the conclusion that the formation of (S)-3-DCE-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF is catalyzed primarily by CYP2B6, whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF are primarily the result of CYP3A4/5 activity.

  11. TV Viewing and BMI by Race/Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Status

    PubMed Central

    Shuval, Kerem; Gabriel, Kelley Pettee; Leonard, Tammy

    2013-01-01

    Objective To assess the association between TV viewing and obesity by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. Design Cross-sectional analysis of 5,087 respondents to the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a nationally representative sample of US adults. Multivariate regression models were computed to assess the association between quartiles of TV viewing and BMI, stratified by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, employment and health insurance status. Results Findings indicate that increased TV viewing was associated with higher odds for being overweight/obese in the entire sample, while adjusting for physical activity and other confounders. After stratification by race/ethnicity, increased odds for overweight/obesity in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of TV viewing (e.g., 3rd quartile- cumulative OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.07–1.92) was observed in non-Hispanic whites, with statistical significance. In non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, the odds were similar to whites, but did not reach statistical significance. Significant relations between greater TV viewing and increased BMI were observed in college graduates and non-graduates, those with health insurance and the employed. Conclusions This study extends previous research by examining potential inconsistencies in this association between various racial/ethnic groups and some socio-economic variables, which primarily were not found. PMID:23691070

  12. 47 CFR 15.713 - TV bands database.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... authorized services operating in the TV bands. In addition, a TV bands database must also verify that the FCC identifier (FCC ID) of a device seeking access to its services is valid; under this requirement the TV bands... information will come from the official Commission database. These services include: (i) Digital television...

  13. 47 CFR 15.713 - TV bands database.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false TV bands database. 15.713 Section 15.713... TV bands database. Link to an amendment published at 79 FR 48536, August 15, 2014. (a) Purpose. The TV bands database serves the following functions: (1) To determine and provide to a TVBD, upon...

  14. Roles for N-terminal Extracellular Domains of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) β3 Subunits in Enhanced Functional Expression of Mouse α6β2β3- and α6β4β3-nAChRs*

    PubMed Central

    Dash, Bhagirathi; Li, Ming D.; Lukas, Ronald J.

    2014-01-01

    Functional heterologous expression of naturally expressed mouse α6*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (mα6*-nAChRs; where “*” indicates the presence of additional subunits) has been difficult. Here we expressed and characterized wild-type (WT), gain-of-function, chimeric, or gain-of-function chimeric nAChR subunits, sometimes as hybrid nAChRs containing both human (h) and mouse (m) subunits, in Xenopus oocytes. Hybrid mα6mβ4hβ3- (∼5–8-fold) or WT mα6mβ4mβ3-nAChRs (∼2-fold) yielded higher function than mα6mβ4-nAChRs. Function was not detected when mα6 and mβ2 subunits were expressed together or in the additional presence of hβ3 or mβ3 subunits. However, function emerged upon expression of mα6mβ2mβ3V9′S-nAChRs containing β3 subunits having gain-of-function V9′S (valine to serine at the 9′-position) mutations in transmembrane domain II and was further elevated 9-fold when hβ3V9′S subunits were substituted for mβ3V9′S subunits. Studies involving WT or gain-of-function chimeric mouse/human β3 subunits narrowed the search for domains that influence functional expression of mα6*-nAChRs. Using hβ3 subunits as templates for site-directed mutagenesis studies, substitution with mβ3 subunit residues in extracellular N-terminal domain loops “C” (Glu221 and Phe223), “E” (Ser144 and Ser148), and “β2-β3” (Gln94 and Glu101) increased function of mα6mβ2*- (∼2–3-fold) or mα6mβ4* (∼2–4-fold)-nAChRs. EC50 values for nicotine acting at mα6mβ4*-nAChR were unaffected by β3 subunit residue substitutions in loop C or E. Thus, amino acid residues located in primary (loop C) or complementary (loops β2-β3 and E) interfaces of β3 subunits are some of the molecular impediments for functional expression of mα6mβ2β3- or mα6mβ4β3-nAChRs. PMID:25028511

  15. TV Audience Measurement with Big Data.

    PubMed

    Hill, Shawndra

    2014-06-01

    TV audience measurement involves estimating the number of viewers tuned into a TV show at any given time as well as their demographics. First introduced shortly after commercial television broadcasting began in the late 1940s, audience measurement allowed the business of television to flourish by offering networks a way to quantify the monetary value of TV audiences for advertisers, who pay for the estimated number of eyeballs watching during commercials. The first measurement techniques suffered from multiple limitations because reliable, large-scale data were costly to acquire. Yet despite these limitations, measurement standards remained largely unchanged for decades until devices such as cable boxes, video-on-demand boxes, and cell phones, as well as web apps, Internet browser clicks, web queries, and social media activity, resulted in an explosion of digitally available data. TV viewers now leave digital traces that can be used to track almost every aspect of their daily lives, allowing the potential for large-scale aggregation across data sources for individual users and groups and enabling the tracking of more people on more dimensions for more shows. Data are now more comprehensive, available in real time, and cheaper to acquire, enabling accurate and fine-grained TV audience measurement. In this article, I discuss the evolution of audience measurement and what the recent data explosion means for the TV industry and academic research.

  16. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Non-Hydrolizable 1,2,3-Triazole Linked Sialic Acid Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors

    PubMed Central

    Weïwer, Michel; Chen, Chi-Chang; Kemp, Melissa M.; Linhardt, Robert J.

    2013-01-01

    α-Sialic acid azide 1 has been used as a substrate for the efficient preparation of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of sialic acid using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (“click chemistry”). Our approach is to generate non-natural N-glycosides of sialic acid that are resistant to neuraminidase catalyzed hydrolysis as opposed to the natural O-glycosides. These N-glycosides would act as neuraminidase inhibitors to prevent the release of new virions. As a preliminary study, a small library of 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives has been synthesized in 71-89% yield. A disaccharide mimic of sialic acid has also been prepared using the α-sialic acid azide 1 and a C-8 propargyl sialic acid acceptor in 68% yield. A model sialic acid coated dendrimer was also synthesized from a per-propargylated pentaerythritol acceptor. These novel sialic acid derivatives were then evaluated as potential neuraminidase inhibitors using a 96-well plate fluorescence assay; micromolar IC50 values were observed, comparable to the known sialidase inhibitor Neu5Ac2en. PMID:24223493

  17. Time- and isomer-resolved measurements of sequential addition of acetylene to the propargyl radical

    DOE PAGES

    Savee, John D.; Selby, Talitha M.; Welz, Oliver; ...

    2015-10-06

    Soot formation in combustion is a complex process in which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are believed to play a critical role. Recent works concluded that three consecutive additions of acetylene (C 2H 2) to propargyl (C 3H 3) create a facile route to the PAH indene (C 9H 8). However, the isomeric forms of C 5H 5 and C 7H 7 intermediates in this reaction sequence are not known. We directly investigate these intermediates using time- and isomer-resolved experiments. Both the resonance stabilized vinylpropargyl ( vp-C 5H 5) and 2,4-cyclopentadienyl ( c-C 5H 5) radical isomers of C 5H 5more » are produced, with substantially different intensities at 800 K vs 1000 K. In agreement with literature master equation calculations, we find that c-C 5H 5 + C 2H 2 produces only the tropyl isomer of C 7H 7 ( tp-C 7H 7) below 1000 K, and that tp-C 7H 7 + C 2H 2 terminates the reaction sequence yielding C 9H 8 (indene) + H. Lastly, this work demonstrates a pathway for PAH formation that does not proceed through benzene.« less

  18. Genre-Specific Cultivation Effects: Lagged Associations between Overall TV Viewing, Local TV News Viewing, and Fatalistic Beliefs about Cancer Prevention

    PubMed Central

    Niederdeppe, Jeff

    2014-01-01

    Cultivation theory and research has been criticized for its failure to consider variation in effects by genre, employ appropriate third-variable controls, and determine causal direction. Recent studies, controlling for a variety of demographic characteristics and media use variables, have found that exposure to local television (TV) newscasts is associated with a variety of problematic “real-world” beliefs. However, many of these studies have not adequately assessed causal direction. Redressing this limitation, we analyzed data from a two-wave national representative survey which permitted tests of lagged association between overall TV viewing, local TV news viewing, and fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. We first replicated the original cultivation effect and found a positive association between overall TV viewing at time 1 and increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at time 2. Analyses also provided evidence that local TV news viewing at time 1 predicts increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at time 2. There was little evidence for reverse causation in predicting changes in overall TV viewing or local TV news viewing. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings. PMID:25605981

  19. 47 CFR 15.115 - TV interface devices, including cable system terminal devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... output terminal(s) of the device terminated by a resistance equal to the rated output impedance. The... ohms) matching the rated output impedance of the TV interface device, shall not exceed the following... during maximum amplitude peaks across a resistance (R in ohms) matching the rated output impedance of the...

  20. 47 CFR 15.115 - TV interface devices, including cable system terminal devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... output terminal(s) of the device terminated by a resistance equal to the rated output impedance. The... ohms) matching the rated output impedance of the TV interface device, shall not exceed the following... during maximum amplitude peaks across a resistance (R in ohms) matching the rated output impedance of the...

  1. Adiposity and TV viewing are related to less bone accrual in young children.

    PubMed

    Wosje, Karen S; Khoury, Philip R; Claytor, Randal P; Copeland, Kristen A; Kalkwarf, Heidi J; Daniels, Stephen R

    2009-01-01

    To examine the relation between baseline fat mass and gain in bone area and bone mass in preschoolers studied prospectively for 4 years, with a focus on the role of physical activity and TV viewing. Children were part of a longitudinal study in which measures of fat, lean and bone mass, height, weight, activity, and diet were taken every 4 months from ages 3 to 7 years. Activity was measured by accelerometer and TV viewing by parent checklist. We included 214 children with total body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic 4500A) scans at ages 3.5 and 7 years. Higher baseline fat mass was associated with smaller increases in bone area and bone mass over the next 3.5 years (P < .001). More TV viewing was related to smaller gains in bone area and bone mass accounting for race, sex, and height. Activity by accelerometer was not associated with bone gains. Adiposity and TV viewing are related to less bone accrual in preschoolers.

  2. 47 CFR 74.601 - Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... or other purposes as authorized in § 74.631. (d) TV translator relay station. A fixed station used... low power TV stations, unless specifically otherwise indicated. (f) TV microwave booster station. A... Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations § 74.601 Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations. (a) TV pickup...

  3. 47 CFR 74.601 - Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... or other purposes as authorized in § 74.631. (d) TV translator relay station. A fixed station used... low power TV stations, unless specifically otherwise indicated. (f) TV microwave booster station. A... Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations § 74.601 Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations. (a) TV pickup...

  4. 47 CFR 74.601 - Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... or other purposes as authorized in § 74.631. (d) TV translator relay station. A fixed station used... low power TV stations, unless specifically otherwise indicated. (f) TV microwave booster station. A... Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations § 74.601 Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations. (a) TV pickup...

  5. 47 CFR 74.601 - Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... or other purposes as authorized in § 74.631. (d) TV translator relay station. A fixed station used... low power TV stations, unless specifically otherwise indicated. (f) TV microwave booster station. A... Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations § 74.601 Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations. (a) TV pickup...

  6. Complexes possessing rare "tertiary" sulfonamide nitrogen-to-metal bonds of normal length: fac-[Re(CO)3(N(SO2R)dien)]PF6 complexes with hydrophilic sulfonamide ligands.

    PubMed

    Abhayawardhana, Pramuditha L; Marzilli, Patricia A; Fronczek, Frank R; Marzilli, Luigi G

    2014-01-21

    Tertiary sulfonamide nitrogen-to-metal bonds of normal length are very rare. We recently discovered such a bond in one class of fac-[Re(CO)3(N(SO2R)(CH2Z)2)](n) complexes (Z = 2-pyridyl) with N(SO2R)dpa ligands derived from di-(2-picolyl)amine (N(H)dpa). fac-[M(CO)3(N(SO2R)(CH2Z)2)](n) agents (M = (186/188)Re, (99m)Tc) could find use as radiopharmaceutical bioconjugates when R is a targeting moiety. However, the planar, electron-withdrawing 2-pyridyl groups of N(SO2R)dpa destabilize the ligand to base and create relatively rigid chelate rings, raising the possibility that the rare M-N(sulfonamide) bond is an artifact of a restricted geometry. Also, the hydrophobic 2-pyridyl groups could cause undesirable accumulation in the liver, limiting future use in radiopharmaceuticals. Our goal is to identify a robust, hydrophilic, and flexible N(CH2Z)2 chelate framework. New C2-symmetric ligands, N(SO2R)(CH2Z)2 with (Z = CH2NH2; R = Me, dmb, or tol), were prepared by treating N(H)dien(Boc)2, a protected diethylenetriamine (N(H)dien) derivative, with methanesulfonyl chloride (MeSO2Cl), 3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (dmbSO2Cl), and 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (tolSO2Cl). Treatment of fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)3](+) with these ligands, designated as N(SO2R)dien, afforded new fac-[Re(CO)3(N(SO2R)dien)]PF6 complexes. Comparing the fac-[Re(CO)3(N(SO2Me)dien)]PF6 and fac-[Re(CO)3(N(SO2Me)dpa)]PF6 complexes, we find that the Re(I)-N(sulfonamide) bonds are normal in length and statistically identical and that the methyl (13)C NMR signal has an unusually upfield shift compared to that in the free ligand. We attribute this unusual upfield shift to the fact that the sulfonamide N undergoes an sp(2)-to-sp(3) rehybridization upon coordination to Re(I) in both complexes. Thus, the sulfonamide N of N(SO2R)dien ligands is a good donor, even though the chelate rings are conformationally flexible. Addition of the strongly basic and potentially monodentate ligand, 4-dimethylaminopyridine

  7. Piezoelectric coefficients of bulk 3R transition metal dichalcogenides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Konabe, Satoru; Yamamoto, Takahiro

    2017-09-01

    The piezoelectric properties of bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a 3R structure were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory combined with the Berry phase treatment. Values for the elastic constant Cijkl , the piezoelectric coefficient eijk , and the piezoelectric coefficient dijk are given for bulk 3R-TMDCs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2). The piezoelectric coefficients of bulk 3R-TMDCs are shown to be sufficiently large or comparable to those of conventional bulk piezoelectric materials such as α-quartz, wurtzite GaN, and wurtzite AlN.

  8. I'm not a doctor but I play one on TV: E.R. and the place of contemporary health care in fixing crisis.

    PubMed

    Lepofsky, Jonathan; Nash, Sally; Kaserman, Bonnie; Gesler, Wil

    2006-06-01

    This paper is an examination of the popular TV drama E.R. What is notable for health geographers about E.R. is how the show offers a representation of health care and the role of place in creating ways to provide care. Indeed, the place of health care-the emergency room-is the point of reference for the show's weekly dramas and centers the activity on the screen. We posit that the show's success stems from how crisis has become a central component of discourses about health care and that E.R. offers one highly seductive interpretation of how to deal with crisis in health care and care delivery. E.R. provides a representation of crisis by constructing three scales of intervention as the best sites to respond to and fix crisis: bodies, medical networks, and the urban social relations of the city. Order is designed around these scales which serve to map out where medical interventions can be made within the discursive regime of crisis. What E.R. provides is a powerful, if limited, "realistic" portrayal about the role of health care today-a role that is increasingly considered to be shaped by the need to intervene in crisis.

  9. TV watching, soap opera and happiness.

    PubMed

    Lu, L; Argyle, M

    1993-09-01

    One hundred and fourteen subjects reported the amount of time they spent watching television in general, and soap opera in particular. They also completed scales measuring happiness and other personality variables, such as extraversion and cooperativeness. In the multiple regression analysis, having controlled for the demographic variables, watching TV was related to unhappiness, whereas watching soap opera was related to happiness. Discriminant analysis showed that females, higher happiness and extraversion distinguished regular soap watchers (who nevertheless watched little TV in general) from irregular soap watchers (who nevertheless watched a lot of TV in general).

  10. 47 CFR 74.706 - Digital TV (DTV) station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.706 Digital TV (DTV) station protection. (a) For purposes of this... translator or TV booster station field strength is calculated from the proposed effective radiated power (ERP... translator or TV booster station application will not be accepted if the ratio in dB of its field strength to...

  11. 47 CFR 74.706 - Digital TV (DTV) station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.706 Digital TV (DTV) station protection. (a) For purposes of this... translator or TV booster station field strength is calculated from the proposed effective radiated power (ERP... translator or TV booster station application will not be accepted if the ratio in dB of its field strength to...

  12. 47 CFR 74.706 - Digital TV (DTV) station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.706 Digital TV (DTV) station protection. (a) For purposes of this... translator or TV booster station field strength is calculated from the proposed effective radiated power (ERP... translator or TV booster station application will not be accepted if the ratio in dB of its field strength to...

  13. 47 CFR 74.706 - Digital TV (DTV) station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.706 Digital TV (DTV) station protection. (a) For purposes of this... translator or TV booster station field strength is calculated from the proposed effective radiated power (ERP... translator or TV booster station application will not be accepted if the ratio in dB of its field strength to...

  14. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activities of N-benzyl (2R)-2-acetamido-3-oxysubstituted propionamide derivatives

    PubMed Central

    Morieux, Pierre; Stables, James P.; Kohn, Harold

    2009-01-01

    Lacosamide has been submitted for regulatory approval in the United States and Europe for the treatment of epilepsy. Previous synthetic methods did not permit the elaboration of the structure–activity relationship (SAR) for the 3-oxy site in lacosamide. We report an expedient five-step stereospecific synthesis for N-benzyl (2R)-2-acetamido-3-oxysubstituted propionamide analogs beginning with d-serine methyl ester. The procedure incorporated alkyl (e.g. methyl, primary, secondary, and tertiary) and aryl groups at this position. The SAR for the 3-oxy site showed maximal activity in animal seizure models for small 3-alkoxy substituents. PMID:18789868

  15. Longitudinal relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992.

    PubMed

    Huesmann, L Rowell; Moise-Titus, Jessica; Podolski, Cheryl-Lynn; Eron, Leonard D

    2003-03-01

    Although the relation between TV-violence viewing and aggression in childhood has been clearly demonstrated, only a few studies have examined this relation from childhood to adulthood, and these studies of children growing up in the 1960s reported significant relations only for boys. The current study examines the longitudinal relations between TV-violence viewing at ages 6 to 10 and adult aggressive behavior about 15 years later for a sample growing up in the 1970s and 1980s. Follow-up archival data (N = 450) and interview data (N = 329) reveal that childhood exposure to media violence predicts young adult aggressive behavior for both males and females. Identification with aggressive TV characters and perceived realism of TV violence also predict later aggression. These relations persist even when the effects of socioeconomic status, intellectual ability, and a variety of parenting factors are controlled.

  16. Unexpected Outcomes from Teachers' TV

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tanner, Ruth

    2006-01-01

    In this article, the author explains why she has unexpectedly become a fan of Teacher's TV. It started when she was asked to show some clips from Teachers' TV as part of a workshop she was leading. She dutifully accepted a CD containing three downloaded programmes about using ICT to teach mathematics and put it into her laptop. Within a few…

  17. Novel n-3 Immunoresolvents: Structures and Actions

    PubMed Central

    Dalli, Jesmond; Colas, Romain A.; Serhan, Charles N.

    2013-01-01

    Resolution of inflammation is now held to be an active process where autacoids promote homeostasis. Using functional-metabololipidomics and in vivo systems, herein we report that endogenous n-3 docosapentaenoic (DPA) acid is converted during inflammation-resolution in mice and by human leukocytes to novel n-3 products congenerous to D-series resolvins (Rv), protectins (PD) and maresins (MaR), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). The new n-3 DPA structures include 7,8,17-trihydroxy-9,11,13,15E,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (RvD1n-3 DPA), 7,14-dihydroxy-8,10,12,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (MaR1n-3 DPA) and related bioactive products. Each n-3 DPA-SPM displayed protective actions from second organ injury and reduced systemic inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion. The n-3 DPA-SPM, including RvD1n-3 DPA and MaR1n-3 DPA, each exerted potent leukocyte directed actions in vivo. With human leukocytes each n-3 DPA-SPM reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion and enhanced macrophage phagocytosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that n-3 DPA is converted to novel immunoresolvents with actions comparable to resolvins and are likely produced in humans when n-3 DPA is elevated. PMID:23736886

  18. 47 CFR 15.715 - TV bands database administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false TV bands database administrator. 15.715 Section... Band Devices § 15.715 TV bands database administrator. The Commission will designate one or more entities to administer the TV bands database(s). The Commission may, at its discretion, permit the...

  19. 47 CFR 15.715 - TV bands database administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false TV bands database administrator. 15.715 Section... Band Devices § 15.715 TV bands database administrator. The Commission will designate one or more entities to administer the TV bands database(s). The Commission may, at its discretion, permit the...

  20. 47 CFR 15.715 - TV bands database administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false TV bands database administrator. 15.715 Section... Band Devices § 15.715 TV bands database administrator. The Commission will designate one or more entities to administer the TV bands database(s). The Commission may, at its discretion, permit the...

  1. 47 CFR 15.715 - TV bands database administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false TV bands database administrator. 15.715 Section... Band Devices § 15.715 TV bands database administrator. The Commission will designate one or more entities to administer the TV bands database(s). The Commission may, at its discretion, permit the...

  2. 47 CFR 15.715 - TV bands database administrator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV bands database administrator. 15.715 Section... Band Devices § 15.715 TV bands database administrator. The Commission will designate one or more entities to administer a TV bands database. Each database administrator shall: (a) Maintain a database that...

  3. TV spots' impact.

    PubMed

    El-bakly, S

    1994-09-01

    The Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Center of the State Information Service was established in 1979 for the purpose of providing information to the people on the population issue. The Ministry of Information has accorded the State Information Service free TV and radio air time for family planning dramas and spots. In the early years information campaigns were organized to make people aware of the population problem by slogans, songs, and cartoons. Around 1984 misconceptions about family planning and contraceptives were attacked through a number of TV and radio spots. A few years later 21 spots on specific contraceptive methods were broadcast which were aired for three years over 3000 times. They were extremely successful. The impact of these TV spots was one of the major reasons why the contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 30% in 1984 to 38% in 1988 and 47% in 1992. Spots were also broadcast about the social implications of large families. The TV soap opera "And The Nile Flows On", with the family planning message interwoven into it, was very well received by the target audience. A program entitled "Wedding of the Month" features couples who know family planning well. The most successful radio program is a 15-20 minute long quiz show for residents of the villages where the Select Villages Project is being implemented. The State Information Service has 60 local information centers in the 26 governorates of Egypt that make plans for the family planning campaign. In 1992 the Minya Initiative, a family planning project was implemented in the Minya Governorate. As a result, the contraceptive prevalence rate rose from 22% to 30% over 18 months. A new project, the Select Village Project, was developed in 1993 that replicates the Minya Initiative on the village level in other governorates. This new project that was implemented in sixteen governorates.

  4. A Target Advertisement System Based on TV Viewer's Profile Reasoning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lim, Jeongyeon; Kim, Munjo; Lee, Bumshik; Kim, Munchurl; Lee, Heekyung; Lee, Han-Kyu

    With the rapidly growing Internet, the Internet broadcasting and web casting service have been one of the well-known services. Specially, it is expected that the IPTV service will be one of the principal services in the broadband network [2]. However, the current broadcasting environment is served for the general public and requires the passive attitude to consume the TV programs. For the advanced broadcasting environments, various research of the personalized broadcasting is needed. For example, the current unidirectional advertisement provides to the TV viewers the advertisement contents, depending on the popularity of TV programs, the viewing rates, the age groups of TV viewers, and the time bands of the TV programs being broadcast. It is not an efficient way to provide the useful information to the TV viewers from customization perspective. If a TV viewer does not need particular advertisement contents, then information may be wasteful to the TV viewer. Therefore, it is expected that the target advertisement service will be one of the important services in the personalized broadcasting environments. The current research in the area of the target advertisement classifies the TV viewers into clustered groups who have similar preference. The digital TV collaborative filtering estimates the user's favourite advertisement contents by using the usage history [1, 4, 5]. In these studies, the TV viewers are required to provide their profile information such as the gender, job, and ages to the service providers via a PC or Set-Top Box (STB) which is connected to digital TV. Based on explicit information, the advertisement contents are provided to the TV viewers in a customized way with tailored advertisement contents. However, the TV viewers may dislike exposing to the service providers their private information because of the misuse of it. In this case, it is difficult to provide appropriate target advertisement service.

  5. High-Field Magnetization Study of R_{2} {Fe}_{17} {N}_{2} R 2 Fe 17 N 2 ( R = {Ho} R = Ho and Er) Nitrides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tereshina, I. S.; Tereshina-Chitrova, E. A.; Pelevin, I. A.; Doerr, M.; Law, J. M.; Verbetski, V. N.; Salamova, A. A.

    2018-03-01

    The structure and magnetic properties of the nitrided compounds R2Fe_{17}N2 (R = Ho and Er) are studied. The type of crystal structure Th2Ni_{17} is preserved upon nitrogenation, and the relative unit cell volume Δ V{/}V increase exceeds 6%. Magnetic studies are performed in fields up to 60 T at 4.2 K on aligned powder samples. Field-induced spin-reorientation (SR) transitions are observed in the M( H) curves of R2Fe_{17}N2. Unlike the parent R2Fe_{17} compounds, where the magnetization increases in steps as the field grows stronger, R2Fe_{17}N2 demonstrate a gradual increase in magnetization. It is indicative of the change of the SR transition from first to the second type. Extrapolation of magnetization curves to the theoretical value of magnetization in the forced ferromagnetic state yields the coefficient of the inter-sublattice R-Fe exchange interaction. The inter-sublattice exchange is found to decrease upon nitrogenation.

  6. 78 FR 35642 - Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV Production and Episode Guides Pertaining to Same...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-13

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Docket No 2959] Certain TV Programs, Literary Works for TV... Relating to the Public Interest AGENCY: U.S. International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that the U.S. International Trade Commission has received a complaint entitled...

  7. Characteristics of the Li+-Ion Conductivity of Li3R2(PO4)3 Crystals (R = Fe, Sc) in the Superionic State

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sorokin, N. I.

    2018-05-01

    The characteristics of Li+-ion conductivity σdc of structural γ modifications of Li3R2(PO4)3 compounds (R = Fe, Sc) existing in the superionic state have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The type of structural framework [R2P3O12]∞ 3- affects the σdc value and the σdc activation enthalpy in these compounds. The ion transport activation enthalpy in γ-Li3R2(PO4)3 (Δ H σ = 0.31 ± 0.03 eV) is lower than in γ-Li3Fe2(PO4)3 (Δ H σ = 0.36 ± 0.03 eV). The conductivity of γ-Li3Fe2(PO4)3 (σdc = 0.02 S/cm at 573 K) is twice as high as that of γ-Li3R2(PO4)3. A decrease in temperature causes a structural transformation of Li3R2(PO4)3 from the superionic γ modification (space group Pcan) through the intermediate metastable β modification (space group P21/ n) into the "dielectric" α modification (space group P21/ n). Upon cooling, σdc for both phosphates decreases by a factor of about 100 at the superionic TSIC transition. In Li3Fe2(PO4)3 σdc gradually decreases in the temperature range T SIC = 430-540 K, whereas in Li3R2(PO4)3 σdc undergoes a jump at T SIC = 540 ± 25 K. Possible crystallochemical factors responsible for the difference in the σdc and Δ H σ values and the thermodynamics and kinetics of the superionic transition for Li3R2(PO4)3 are discussed.

  8. Adiposity and TV viewing are related to less bone accrual in young children

    PubMed Central

    Wosje, Karen S.; Khoury, Philip R.; Claytor, Randal P.; Copeland, Kristen A.; Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Daniels, Stephen R.

    2008-01-01

    Objective To examine the relation between baseline fat mass and gain in bone area and bone mass in preschoolers studied prospectively for 4 y, with a focus on the role of physical activity and TV viewing. Study design Children were part of a longitudinal study in which measures of fat, lean and bone mass, height, weight, activity, and diet were taken every 4 months from ages 3 to 7 y. Activity was measured by accelerometer, and TV viewing by parent checklist. We included 214 children with total body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic 4500A) scans at ages 3.5 and 7 y. Results Higher baseline fat mass was associated with smaller increases in bone area and bone mass over the next 3.5 y (p<0.001). More TV viewing was related to smaller gains in bone area and bone mass accounting for race, sex, and height. Activity by accelerometer was not associated with bone gains. Conclusions Adiposity and TV viewing are related to less bone accrual in preschoolers. PMID:18692201

  9. The selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A antagonist, AZD7371 [3(R)-(N,N-dicyclobutylamino)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide (R,R)-tartrate monohydrate] (robalzotan tartrate monohydrate), inhibits visceral pain-related visceromotor, but not autonomic cardiovascular, responses to colorectal distension in rats.

    PubMed

    Lindström, E; Ravnefjord, A; Brusberg, M; Hjorth, S; Larsson, H; Martinez, V

    2009-06-01

    5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptors have been suggested as a target for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A recent clinical trial investigating the efficacy of the selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist AZD7371 [3(R)-(N,N-dicyclobutylamino)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide (R,R)-tartrate monohydrate] showed no symptomatic improvement in IBS patients. We characterized the mechanisms mediating potential analgesic effects of AZD7371 in a model of colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral pain in rats to understand its mechanism of action and the lack of clinical efficacy. Visceromotor and cardiovascular responses (telemetry) were assessed in conscious rats during noxious CRD (80 mm Hg). Effects of AZD7371 (3-300 nmol/kg i.v.; 1-30 micromol/kg p.o.) and a reference 5-HT(1A) antagonist, WAY-100635 (N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide maleate salt; 3-300 nmol/kg i.v.), were assessed. Effects of intracerebroventricular AZD7371 were also evaluated. Intravenous AZD7371 or WAY-100635 and oral AZD7371 dose-dependently inhibited visceromotor responses to CRD (ED(50), 203, 231, and 14 micromol/kg, respectively). In telemetrized rats, oral AZD7371 inhibited visceromotor responses to CRD without affecting the concomitant hypertensive and tachycardic responses. Intracerebroventricular AZD7371 did not affect visceromotor responses, whereas it inhibited micturition. None of the doses tested induced visible gross side effects. AZD7371, likely acting at a spinal site, inhibited the visceromotor but not the cardiovascular responses to visceral pain in the CRD model in rats. Although agents effective on multiple pain-related readouts in the CRD model (e.g., pregabalin or clonidine) alleviate IBS symptoms, AZD7371, which is effective on only one pain-related pseudoaffective readout, does not. Data from preclinical CRD models of visceral pain need to be interpreted cautiously as it relates to their clinical

  10. 47 CFR 15.117 - TV broadcast receivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... receive TV service on the frequencies allocated for broadcast television service. (j) For a TV broadcast... in close proximity to the images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers, in clear and...

  11. 47 CFR 15.117 - TV broadcast receivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... receive TV service on the frequencies allocated for broadcast television service. (j) For a TV broadcast... in close proximity to the images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers, in clear and...

  12. 47 CFR 15.117 - TV broadcast receivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... receive TV service on the frequencies allocated for broadcast television service. (j) For a TV broadcast... in close proximity to the images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers, in clear and...

  13. CoMoS2/rGO/C3N4 ternary heterojunctions catalysts with high photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Xuejun; Si, Zhichun; Liu, Liping; Wang, Zehao; Chen, Ze; Ran, Rui; He, Yonghong; Weng, Duan

    2018-03-01

    Noble metal free MoS2/g-C3N4 catalyst has attracted intense attentions for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution as a result of its earth abundance, low cost and unique heterojunctions stacked with two dimensional sheets. However, the low charge separation efficiency resulted from the poor conductivity of g-C3N4 and MoS2, and lack of abundant active sites from coordinative unsaturated atoms in MoS2, restricts the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity and stability enhancement of MoS2/C3N4 composite catalysts. Herein, CoMoS2/rGO/g-C3N4 catalysts with ternary heterojunctions are prepared by facile solvothermal method, which exhibit high visible light photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate of CoMoS2/rGO/g-C3N4 catalysts is 684 μmol g-1 h-1 when the content of CoMoS2 is 2% and the content of rGO is 0.5%. The stability of CoMoS2/rGO/C3N4 catalysts just decrease about 3% after 4 cycling runs for 16 h. The good catalytic performances of catalysts are attributed to the synergistic effect among the g-C3N4 nanosheets, rGO nanosheets and CoMoS2 nanosheets. The high conductivity of rGO nanosheets enhances the electron-hole separation and charge transfer, and Co doping increases the active sites for hydrogen evolution due to the increase of unsaturated atoms in CoMoS2 nanosheets.

  14. Simulator sickness analysis of 3D video viewing on passive 3D TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brunnström, K.; Wang, K.; Andrén, B.

    2013-03-01

    The MPEG 3DV project is working on the next generation video encoding standard and in this process a call for proposal of encoding algorithms was issued. To evaluate these algorithm a large scale subjective test was performed involving Laboratories all over the world. For the participating Labs it was optional to administer a slightly modified Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) from Kennedy et al (1993) before and after the test. Here we report the results from one Lab (Acreo) located in Sweden. The videos were shown on a 46 inch film pattern retarder 3D TV, where the viewers were using polarized passive eye-glasses to view the stereoscopic 3D video content. There were 68 viewers participating in this investigation in ages ranges from 16 to 72, with one third females. The questionnaire was filled in before and after the test, with a viewing time ranging between 30 min to about one and half hour, which is comparable to a feature length movie. The SSQ consists of 16 different symptoms that have been identified as important for indicating simulator sickness. When analyzing the individual symptoms it was found that Fatigue, Eye-strain, Difficulty Focusing and Difficulty Concentrating were significantly worse after than before. SSQ was also analyzed according to the model suggested by Kennedy et al (1993). All in all this investigation shows a statistically significant increase in symptoms after viewing 3D video especially related to visual or Oculomotor system.

  15. TV Trouble-Shooting Manual. Volumes 3-4. Part 1: Block Diagram of Colour TV Receiver and Signal Flow. Student and Instructor's Manuals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mukai, Masaaki; Kobayashi, Ryozo

    These volumes are, respectively, the self-instructional student manual and the teacher manual that cover the first set of training topics in this course for television repair technicians. Both volumes contain the following two sections: (1) Functional Block Diagram of a Colour TV Receiver, including information on the video reproduction circuit,…

  16. Synthesis, characterization stereochemistry and anti-bacterial evaluation of certain N-acyl-c-3,t-3-dimethyl-r-2,c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-ones

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ponnuswamy, S.; Kayalvizhi, R.; Jamesh, M.; Uma Maheswari, J.; Thenmozhi, M.; Ponnuswamy, M. N.

    2016-09-01

    A new series of N-acyl-c-3,t-3-dimethyl-r-2,c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-ones 2-6 has been synthesized and characterized using IR, mass, 1H, 13C, DEPT and 2D (COSY and HSQC) NMR spectral techniques. The NMR spectral data indicate that the N-acylpiperidin-4-ones 2-6 prefer to exist in a distorted boat conformation B1 with coplanar orientation of N-C=O moiety. The stereodynamics of these systems have been studied by recording the dynamic 1H NMR spectra of compound 4, and the energy barrier for N-CO rotation is determined to be 52.75 kJ/mol. Furthermore the compounds 1-5 show significant antibacterial activity.

  17. AthenaTV: an authoring tool of educational applications for TV using android-based interface design patterns

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vásquez-Ramírez, Raquel; Alor-Hernández, Giner; Sánchez-Ramírez, Cuauhtémoc; Guzmán-Luna, Jaime; Zatarain-Cabada, Ramón; Barrón-Estrada, María-Lucía

    2014-07-01

    Education has become a key component of any society since it is the means by which humanity functions and governs itself. It allows individuals to appropriately integrate into a given community. For this reason, new ways of interaction between students and educational contents are emerging in order to improve the quality of education. In this context, devices such as computers, smartphones, or electronic tablets represent new ways of accessing educational resources which do not limit students to their usage merely inside the classroom since these devices are available anywhere. Nowadays, television has become one of these technological tools able to support the teaching-learning process through documentary films or movies, among others. However, two main issues appear. First, some of these educational contents are not those needed by a professor since information is restricted, and second, the development of TV-based applications requires an integrative approach involving the support of several specialists in education who provide the guidelines needed to build high-quality contents, as well as application designers and developers who are able to deliver the educational applications demanded by students. This work presents a system called AthenaTV to generate android-based educational applications for TV. AthenaTV takes into account the 10-foot design scheme used by Google to develop interfaces based on interface design patterns established in Google TV, and it is based on the android development guidelines and HTML5 standard.

  18. 20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT REMUNERATION § 322.3 Determining the days with... unemployment or sickness. See § 332.6 of this chapter. (c) Guaranteed earnings. A payment under a plan which...

  19. 20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT REMUNERATION § 322.3 Determining the days with... unemployment or sickness. See § 332.6 of this chapter. (c) Guaranteed earnings. A payment under a plan which...

  20. 20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT REMUNERATION § 322.3 Determining the days with... unemployment or sickness. See § 332.6 of this chapter. (c) Guaranteed earnings. A payment under a plan which...

  1. 20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT REMUNERATION § 322.3 Determining the days with... unemployment or sickness. See § 332.6 of this chapter. (c) Guaranteed earnings. A payment under a plan which...

  2. 20 CFR 322.3 - Determining the days with respect to which remuneration is payable or accrues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT REMUNERATION § 322.3 Determining the days with... unemployment or sickness. See § 332.6 of this chapter. (c) Guaranteed earnings. A payment under a plan which...

  3. 47 CFR 74.601 - Classes of TV broadcast auxiliary stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... or other purposes as authorized in § 74.631. (d) TV translator relay station. A fixed station used... translator, and to other communications facilities that the Commission may authorize or for other purposes as..., TV STL, TV relay, or TV translator relay station and retransmits them on the same frequency. [65 FR...

  4. "What Are You Viewing?" Exploring the Pervasive Social TV Experience

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schatz, Raimund; Baillie, Lynne; Fröhlich, Peter; Egger, Sebastian; Grechenig, Thomas

    The vision of pervasive TV foresees users engaging with interactive video services across a variety of contexts and user interfaces. Following this idea, this chapter extends traditional Social TV toward the notion of pervasive Social TV (PSTV) by including mobile viewing scenarios. We discuss social interaction enablers that integrate TV content consumption and communication in the context of two case studies that evaluate Social TV on mobile smartphones as well as the traditional set-top-box-based setup. We report on the impact of social features such as text-chat, audio-chat, and synchronized channel-choice on the end-user's media experience. By analyzing the commonalities and the differences between mobile and living-room Social TV that we found, we provide guidance on the design of pervasive Social TV systems as well as on future research issues.

  5. Watching TV and Food Intake: The Role of Content

    PubMed Central

    Chapman, Colin D.; Nilsson, Victor C.; Thune, Hanna Å.; Cedernaes, Jonathan; Le Grevès, Madeleine; Hogenkamp, Pleunie S.; Benedict, Christian; Schiöth, Helgi B.

    2014-01-01

    Obesity is a serious and growing health concern worldwide. Watching television (TV) represents a condition during which many habitually eat, irrespective of hunger level. However, as of yet, little is known about how the content of television programs being watched differentially impacts concurrent eating behavior. In this study, eighteen normal-weight female students participated in three counter-balanced experimental conditions, including a ‘Boring’ TV condition (art lecture), an ‘Engaging’ TV condition (Swedish TV comedy series), and a no TV control condition during which participants read (a text on insects living in Sweden). Throughout each condition participants had access to both high-calorie (M&Ms) and low-calorie (grapes) snacks. We found that, relative to the Engaging TV condition, Boring TV encouraged excessive eating (+52% g, P = 0.009). Additionally, the Engaging TV condition actually resulted in significantly less concurrent intake relative to the control ‘Text’ condition (−35% g, P = 0.05). This intake was driven almost entirely by the healthy snack, grapes; however, this interaction did not reach significance (P = 0.07). Finally, there was a significant correlation between how bored participants were across all conditions, and their concurrent food intake (beta = 0.317, P = 0.02). Intake as measured by kcals was similarly patterned but did not reach significance. These results suggest that, for women, different TV programs elicit different levels of concurrent food intake, and that the degree to which a program is engaging (or alternately, boring) is related to that intake. Additionally, they suggest that emotional content (e.g. boring vs. engaging) may be more associated than modality (e.g. TV vs. text) with concurrent intake. PMID:24983245

  6. 47 CFR 74.785 - Low power TV digital data service pilot project.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Low power TV digital data service pilot project... Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.785 Low power TV digital data service pilot project. Low power TV stations authorized pursuant to the LPTV Digital Data Services Act (Public Law 106...

  7. 47 CFR 74.785 - Low power TV digital data service pilot project.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Low power TV digital data service pilot project... Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.785 Low power TV digital data service pilot project. Low power TV stations authorized pursuant to the LPTV Digital Data Services Act (Public Law 106...

  8. 47 CFR 15.714 - TV bands database administration fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false TV bands database administration fees. 15.714 Section 15.714 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Television Band Devices § 15.714 TV bands database administration fees. (a) A TV bands database administrator...

  9. 47 CFR 15.714 - TV bands database administration fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false TV bands database administration fees. 15.714 Section 15.714 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Television Band Devices § 15.714 TV bands database administration fees. (a) A TV bands database administrator...

  10. 47 CFR 15.714 - TV bands database administration fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV bands database administration fees. 15.714 Section 15.714 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Television Band Devices § 15.714 TV bands database administration fees. (a) A TV bands database administrator...

  11. 47 CFR 15.714 - TV bands database administration fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false TV bands database administration fees. 15.714 Section 15.714 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Television Band Devices § 15.714 TV bands database administration fees. (a) A TV bands database administrator...

  12. 47 CFR 15.714 - TV bands database administration fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false TV bands database administration fees. 15.714 Section 15.714 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Television Band Devices § 15.714 TV bands database administration fees. (a) A TV bands database administrator...

  13. Structural classification of RAO/sub 3/(MO)/sub n/ compounds (R = Sc, In, Y, or lanthanides; A = Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M = divalent cation; n = 1-11)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kimizuka, N.; Mohri, T.

    A series of new compounds (RAO/sub 3/MO)/sub n/ (n = 1-11) having spinel, YbFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, or InFeO/sub 3/(ZnO)/sub n/ types of structures were newly synthesized (R = Sc, In, Y, Lu, Yb, Tm, or Er; A = Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M = Mg, Mn, Fe(II), Co, Ni, Zn, or Cd) at elevated temperatures. The conditions of synthesis and the lattice constants for these compounds are reported. The stacking sequences of the InO/sub 1.5/, (FeZn)O/sub 2.5/, and ZnO layers for InFeO/sub 3/(ZnO)/sub 10/ and the TmO/sub 1.5/, (AlZn)O/sub 2.5/, and ZnO layers for TmAlO/sub 3/(ZnO)/sub 11/ are presented,more » respectively. The crystal structures of the (RAO/sub 3/)/sub m/(MO)/sub n/ phases R = Sc, In, Y, or lanthanide elements; A = Fe(III), Ga, Cr, or Al; M = divalent cation elements; m and n = integer are classified into four crystal structure types (K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/, CaFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, YbFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, and spinel), based upon the constituent cations R, A, and M.« less

  14. 47 CFR 73.6011 - Protection of TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... it fails to protect these TV broadcast stations and applications pursuant to the requirements... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection of TV broadcast stations. 73.6011... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6011 Protection of TV broadcast...

  15. Double Dose: The cumulative effect of TV viewing at home and in preschool on children’s activity patterns and weight status

    PubMed Central

    Ross, Sharon Taverno; Dowda, Marsha; Saunders, Ruth P.; Pate, Russell R.

    2015-01-01

    Little is known about how screen-based sedentary behavior at home and in preschool influences children’s health and activity patterns. The current study examined the individual and cumulative influence of TV viewing at home and in preschool on children’s physical activity (PA) and weight status. Children (n=339) attending 16 preschools in South Carolina were grouped into high and low TV groups based on parent report of children’s TV viewing at home and director report of TV use/rules in preschool. T-tests and mixed model ANOVAs examined differences in weight status and PA (min/hr) by high and low TV groups. Results revealed that children who were classified as High TV both at home and in preschool had significantly lower levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA compared with their Low TV counterparts. These findings demonstrate the importance of total environmental TV exposure on preschooler’s PA. Longitudinal and observational research to assess preschoolers’ cumulative screen-based sedentary behavior and its relationship with PA and weight status is needed. PMID:23502043

  16. α -Actinin TvACTN3 of Trichomonas vaginalis is an RNA-binding protein that could participate in its posttranscriptional iron regulatory mechanism.

    PubMed

    Calla-Choque, Jaeson Santos; Figueroa-Angulo, Elisa Elvira; Ávila-González, Leticia; Arroyo, Rossana

    2014-01-01

    Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellated protist parasite responsible for trichomoniasis. This parasite is dependent on high levels of iron, favoring its growth and multiplication. Iron also differentially regulates some trichomonad virulence properties by unknown mechanisms. However, there is evidence to support the existence of gene regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that are mediated by iron concentration in T. vaginalis. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify an RNA-binding protein in T. vaginalis that interacts with the tvcp4 RNA stem-loop structure, which may participate in a posttranscriptional iron regulatory mechanism mediated by RNA-protein interactions. We performed RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (REMSA) and supershift, UV cross-linking, Northwestern blot, and western blot (WB) assays using cytoplasmic protein extracts from T. vaginalis with the tvcp4 RNA hairpin structure as a probe. We identified a 135-kDa protein isolated by the UV cross-linking assays as α-actinin 3 (TvACTN3) by MALDI-TOF-MS that was confirmed by LS-MS/MS and de novo sequencing. TvACTN3 is a cytoplasmic protein that specifically binds to hairpin RNA structures from trichomonads and humans when the parasites are grown under iron-depleted conditions. Thus, TvACTN3 could participate in the regulation of gene expression by iron in T. vaginalis through a parallel posttranscriptional mechanism similar to that of the IRE/IRP system.

  17. α-Actinin TvACTN3 of Trichomonas vaginalis Is an RNA-Binding Protein That Could Participate in Its Posttranscriptional Iron Regulatory Mechanism

    PubMed Central

    Calla-Choque, Jaeson Santos; Figueroa-Angulo, Elisa Elvira; Ávila-González, Leticia; Arroyo, Rossana

    2014-01-01

    Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellated protist parasite responsible for trichomoniasis. This parasite is dependent on high levels of iron, favoring its growth and multiplication. Iron also differentially regulates some trichomonad virulence properties by unknown mechanisms. However, there is evidence to support the existence of gene regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that are mediated by iron concentration in T. vaginalis. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify an RNA-binding protein in T. vaginalis that interacts with the tvcp4 RNA stem-loop structure, which may participate in a posttranscriptional iron regulatory mechanism mediated by RNA-protein interactions. We performed RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (REMSA) and supershift, UV cross-linking, Northwestern blot, and western blot (WB) assays using cytoplasmic protein extracts from T. vaginalis with the tvcp4 RNA hairpin structure as a probe. We identified a 135-kDa protein isolated by the UV cross-linking assays as α-actinin 3 (TvACTN3) by MALDI-TOF-MS that was confirmed by LS-MS/MS and de novo sequencing. TvACTN3 is a cytoplasmic protein that specifically binds to hairpin RNA structures from trichomonads and humans when the parasites are grown under iron-depleted conditions. Thus, TvACTN3 could participate in the regulation of gene expression by iron in T. vaginalis through a parallel posttranscriptional mechanism similar to that of the IRE/IRP system. PMID:24719864

  18. Preparation of a poly(3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-co-propargyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) monolithic column by in situ polymerization and a click reaction for capillary liquid chromatography of small molecules and proteins.

    PubMed

    Lin, Zian; Yu, Ruifang; Hu, Wenli; Zheng, Jiangnan; Tong, Ping; Zhao, Hongzhi; Cai, Zongwei

    2015-07-07

    Combining free radical polymerization with click chemistry via a copper-mediated azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in a "one-pot" process, a facile approach was developed for the preparation of a poly(3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-co-propargyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) (AZT-co-PMA-co-PETA) monolithic column. The resulting poly(AZT-co-PMA-co-PETA) monolith showed a relatively homogeneous monolithic structure, good permeability and mechanical stability. Different ratios of monomers and porogens were used for optimizing the properties of a monolithic column. A series of alkylbenzenes, amides, anilines, and benzoic acids were used to evaluate the chromatographic properties of the polymer monolith in terms of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and cation-exchange interactions, and the results showed that the poly(AZT-co-PMA-co-PETA) monolith exhibited more flexible adjustment in chromatographic selectivity than that of the parent poly(PMA-co-PETA) and AZT-modified poly(PMA-co-PETA) monoliths. Column efficiencies for toluene, DMF, and formamide with 35,000-48,000 theoretical plates per m could be obtained at a linear velocity of 0.17 mm s(-1). The run-to-run, column-to-column, and batch-to-batch repeatabilities of the retention factors were less than 4.2%. In addition, the proposed monolith was also applied to efficient separation of sulfonamides, nucleobases and nucleosides, anesthetics and proteins for demonstrating its potential.

  19. Development of TV003/TV005, a single dose, highly immunogenic live attenuated dengue vaccine; what makes this vaccine different from the Sanofi-Pasteur CYD™ vaccine?

    PubMed

    Whitehead, Stephen S

    2016-01-01

    Dengue is caused by four serotype-distinct dengue viruses (DENVs), and developing a multivalent vaccine against dengue has not been straightforward since partial immunity to DENV may predispose to more severe disease upon subsequent DENV infection. The vaccine that is furthest along in development is CYD™, a live attenuated tetravalent vaccine (LATV) produced by Sanofi Pasteur. Although the multi-dose vaccine demonstrated protection against severe dengue, its overall efficacy was limited by DENV serotype, serostatus at vaccination, region and age. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has developed the LATV dengue vaccines TV003/TV005. A single dose of either TV003 or TV005 induced seroconversion to four DENV serotypes in 74-92% (TV003) and 90% (TV005) of flavivirus seronegative adults and elicited near-sterilizing immunity to a second dose of vaccine administered 6-12 months later. The important differences in the structure, infectivity and immune responses to TV003/TV005 are compared with CYD™.

  20. Sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy of propargyl radical (H{sub 2}CCCH) in a slit supersonic expansion

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chang, Chih-Hsuan; Nesbitt, David J.

    The acetylenic CH stretch mode (ν{sub 1}) of propargyl (H{sub 2}CCCH) radical has been studied at sub-Doppler resolution (∼60 MHz) via infrared laser absorption spectroscopy in a supersonic slit-jet discharge expansion, where low rotational temperatures (T{sub rot} = 13.5(4) K) and lack of spectral congestion permit improved determination of band origin and rotational constants for the excited state. For the lowest J states primarily populated in the slit jet cooled expansion, fine structure due to the unpaired electron spin is resolved completely, which permits accurate analysis of electron spin-rotation interactions in the vibrationally excited states (ε{sub aa} = − 518.1(1.8),more » ε{sub bb} = − 13.0(3), ε{sub cc} = − 1.8(3) MHz). In addition, hyperfine broadening in substantial excess of the sub-Doppler experimental linewidths is observed due to nuclear spin–electron spin contributions at the methylenic (—CH{sub 2}) and acetylenic (—CH) positions, which permits detailed modeling of the fine/hyperfine structure line contours. The results are consistent with a delocalized radical spin density extending over both methylenic and acetylenic C atoms, in excellent agreement with simple resonance structures as well as ab initio theoretical calculations.« less

  1. Preparation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, hydrazines, and hydroxylamine.

    PubMed

    Harigae, Ryo; Moriyama, Katsuhiko; Togo, Hideo

    2014-03-07

    The reaction of terminal alkynes with n-BuLi, and then with aldehydes, followed by the treatment with molecular iodine, and subsequently hydrazines or hydroxylamine provided the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles or isoxazoles in good yields with high regioselectivity, through the formations of propargyl secondary alkoxides and α-alkynyl ketones. The present reactions are one-pot preparation of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, molecular iodine, and hydrazines, and 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles from terminal alkynes, aldehydes, molecular iodine, and hydroxylamine.

  2. Excessive TV viewing and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. The AVENA cross-sectional study

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents. Methods A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.5-year-old, was included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apo B-100, and lipoprotein(a) levels were determined. A composite CVD risk score was computed based on age-, sex-, sexual maturation- and race-standardized triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. TV viewing was self-reported. Results Two hundred and twenty-five adolescents (53%) who spent >3 hrs/day watching TV were considered as the "high TV viewing" group. Ninety-nine adolescents (23%) from the total sample were classified as overweight according to International age- and sex-specific BMI values. The high TV viewing group had significantly less favorable values of HDL-cholesterol, glucose, apo A1 and CVD score, independent of age, sex, sexual maturation, race and weight status. There was a significant interaction effect of TV viewing × weight status (P = 0.002) on WC, and the negative influence of TV viewing on WC persisted in the overweight group (P = 0.031) but was attenuated in non-overweight adolescents (P > 0.05). Conclusion Excessive TV viewing seems to be related to an unfavorable CVD risk factors profile in adolescence. Reducing TV viewing in overweight adolescents might be beneficial to decrease abdominal body fat. PMID:20500845

  3. Enzyme Activities of Two Recombinant Heme-Containing Peroxidases, TvDyP1 and TvVP2, Identified from the Secretome of Trametes versicolor.

    PubMed

    Amara, Sawsan; Perrot, Thomas; Navarro, David; Deroy, Aurélie; Benkhelfallah, Amine; Chalak, Amani; Daou, Marianne; Chevret, Didier; Faulds, Craig B; Berrin, Jean-Guy; Morel-Rouhier, Mélanie; Gelhaye, Eric; Record, Eric

    2018-04-15

    Trametes versicolor is a wood-inhabiting agaricomycete known for its ability to cause strong white-rot decay on hardwood and for its high tolerance of phenolic compounds. The goal of the present work was to gain insights into the molecular biology and biochemistry of the heme-including class II and dye-decolorizing peroxidases secreted by this fungus. Proteomic analysis of the secretome of T. versicolor BRFM 1218 grown on oak wood revealed a set of 200 secreted proteins, among which were the dye-decolorizing peroxidase Tv DyP1 and the versatile peroxidase Tv VP2. Both peroxidases were heterologously produced in Escherichia coli , biochemically characterized, and tested for the ability to oxidize complex substrates. Both peroxidases were found to be active against several substrates under acidic conditions, and Tv DyP1 was very stable over a relatively large pH range of 2.0 to 6.0, while Tv VP2 was more stable at pH 5.0 to 6.0 only. The thermostability of both enzymes was also tested, and Tv DyP1 was globally found to be more stable than Tv VP2. After 180 min of incubation at temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C, the activity of Tv VP2 drastically decreased, with 10 to 30% of the initial activity retained. Under the same conditions, Tv DyP1 retained 20 to 80% of its enzyme activity. The two proteins were catalytically characterized, and Tv VP2 was shown to accept a wider range of reducing substrates than Tv DyP1. Furthermore, both enzymes were found to be active against two flavonoids, quercetin and catechin, found in oak wood, with Tv VP2 displaying more rapid oxidation of the two compounds. They were tested for the ability to decolorize five industrial dyes, and Tv VP2 presented a greater ability to oxidize and decolorize the dye substrates than Tv DyP1. IMPORTANCE Trametes versicolor is a wood-inhabiting agaricomycete known for its ability to cause strong white-rot decay on hardwood and for its high tolerance of phenolic compounds. Among white-rot fungi, the

  4. 47 CFR 73.699 - TV engineering charts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false TV engineering charts. 73.699 Section 73.699 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.699 TV engineering charts. This section consists of the following Figures...

  5. 47 CFR 73.699 - TV engineering charts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV engineering charts. 73.699 Section 73.699 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.699 TV engineering charts. This section consists of the following Figures...

  6. 47 CFR 73.699 - TV engineering charts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false TV engineering charts. 73.699 Section 73.699 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.699 TV engineering charts. This section consists of the following Figures...

  7. 47 CFR 73.699 - TV engineering charts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false TV engineering charts. 73.699 Section 73.699 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.699 TV engineering charts. This section consists of the following Figures...

  8. 47 CFR 73.699 - TV engineering charts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false TV engineering charts. 73.699 Section 73.699 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.699 TV engineering charts. This section consists of the following Figures...

  9. Auto-Tandem Catalysis in Ionic Liquids: Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones by Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Propargylic Amines in EmimEtSO₄.

    PubMed

    Mancuso, Raffaella; Maner, Asif; Ziccarelli, Ida; Pomelli, Christian; Chiappe, Cinzia; Della Ca', Nicola; Veltri, Lucia; Gabriele, Bartolo

    2016-07-08

    A convenient carbonylative approach to 2-oxazolidinone derivatives carried out using an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, EmimEtSO₄) as the solvent is presented. It is based on the sequential concatenation of two catalytic cycles, both catalyzed by the same metal species (auto-tandem catalysis): the first cycle corresponds to the oxidative monoaminocarbonylation of the triple bond of propargylic amines to give the corresponding 2-ynamide intermediates, while the second one involves the cyclocarbonylation of the latter to yield 2-(2-oxooxazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetamides. Reactions are carried out using a simple catalytic system consisting of PdI₂ in conjunction with an excess of KI, and the catalyst/solvent system could be recycled several times without appreciable loss of activity after extraction of the organic product with Et₂O.

  10. 47 CFR 73.4050 - Children's TV programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Children's TV programs. 73.4050 Section 73.4050 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4050 Children's TV programs. (a) See Report and Policy...

  11. 47 CFR 73.4050 - Children's TV programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Children's TV programs. 73.4050 Section 73.4050 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4050 Children's TV programs. (a) See Report and Policy...

  12. 47 CFR 73.4050 - Children's TV programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Children's TV programs. 73.4050 Section 73.4050 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4050 Children's TV programs. (a) See Report and Policy...

  13. 47 CFR 73.4050 - Children's TV programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Children's TV programs. 73.4050 Section 73.4050 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4050 Children's TV programs. (a) See Report and Policy...

  14. 47 CFR 73.4050 - Children's TV programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Children's TV programs. 73.4050 Section 73.4050 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Rules Applicable to All Broadcast Stations § 73.4050 Children's TV programs. (a) See Report and Policy...

  15. Do parental co-viewing and discussions mitigate TV-induced fears in young children?

    PubMed

    Paavonen, E J; Roine, M; Pennonen, M; Lahikainen, A R

    2009-11-01

    While excessive television viewing has been associated with negative outcomes in children's welfare, parental co-viewing has been suggested as an effective way to prevent these negative effects. The objective of the present study is to specify some social contexts of co-viewing and to assess whether co-viewing modifies the effects of media on children's TV-related fears. The study is based on a representative random sample of 331 children aged 5-6 years. It is based on parental reports of children's TV-related fears and family television viewing practices. Parental co-viewing and discussion of television programmes with the child were found to be associated with higher rates of children's TV-related fears, high television exposure in general and watching adults' television programmes. The association between TV-related fears and co-viewing remained significant even after controlling for gender, maternal education, family income and the quantity and quality of television viewing. Co-viewing and TV-related discussions increased the risk for TV-related fears nearly fourfold (adjusted odds ratio 3.92, 95% confidence interval 1.37-11.17 and adjusted odds ratio 3.31, 95% confidence interval 1.33-8.20, respectively). The findings suggest that co-viewing and discussing television programmes are more common in families where television exposure is high. Because both co-viewing and discussing television programmes were associated with higher fear scores regardless of the quantity and quality of television exposure, the research shows that in everyday life co-viewing may not be done in such a way that it leads to a reduction of children's fears. More studies are needed to explore the co-viewing practices of families in more detail.

  16. HIP1 and HIP1r stabilize receptor tyrosine kinases and bind 3-phosphoinositides via epsin N-terminal homology domains.

    PubMed

    Hyun, Teresa S; Rao, Dinesh S; Saint-Dic, Djenann; Michael, L Evan; Kumar, Priti D; Bradley, Sarah V; Mizukami, Ikuko F; Oravecz-Wilson, Katherine I; Ross, Theodora S

    2004-04-02

    Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (HIP1r) is the only known mammalian relative of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1), a protein that transforms fibroblasts via undefined mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that both HIP1r and HIP1 bind inositol lipids via their epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domains. In contrast to other ENTH domain-containing proteins, lipid binding is preferential to the 3-phosphate-containing inositol lipids, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. Furthermore, the HIP1r ENTH domain, like that of HIP1, is necessary for lipid binding, and expression of an ENTH domain-deletion mutant, HIP1r/deltaE, induces apoptosis. Consistent with the ability of HIP1r and HIP1 to affect cell survival, full-length HIP1 and HIP1r stabilize pools of growth factor receptors by prolonging their half-life following ligand-induced endocytosis. Although HIP1r and HIP1 display only a partially overlapping pattern of protein interactions, these data suggest that both proteins share a functional homology by binding 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids and stabilizing receptor tyrosine kinases in a fashion that may contribute to their ability to alter cell growth and survival.

  17. R-matrix description of particle energy spectra produced by low-energy 3H + 3H reactions

    DOE PAGES

    Brune, C. R.; Caggiano, J. A.; Sayre, D. B.; ...

    2015-07-20

    An R-matrix model for three-body final states is presented and applied to a recent measurement of the neutron energy spectrum from the 3H + 3H→ 2n + α reaction. The calculation includes the n alpha and n n interactions in the final state, angular momentum conservation, antisymmetrization, and the interference between different channels. A good fit to the measured spectrum is obtained, where clear evidence for the 5He ground state is observed. The model is also used to predict the alpha-particle spectrum from 3H + 3H as well as particle spectra from 3He + 3He. The R-matrix approach presented heremore » is very general, and can be adapted to a wide variety of problems with three-body final states.« less

  18. Studies of a series of [Ni(P(R)2N(Ph)2)2(CH3CN)]2+ complexes as electrocatalysts for H2 production: substituent variation at the phosphorus atom of the P2N2 ligand.

    PubMed

    Kilgore, Uriah J; Stewart, Michael P; Helm, Monte L; Dougherty, William G; Kassel, W Scott; DuBois, Mary Rakowski; DuBois, Daniel L; Bullock, R Morris

    2011-11-07

    A series of [Ni(P(R)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2) complexes containing the cyclic diphosphine ligands [P(R)(2)N(Ph)(2) = 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane; R = benzyl (Bn), n-butyl (n-Bu), 2-phenylethyl (PE), 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl (TP), and cyclohexyl (Cy)] have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the cations of [Ni(P(Bn)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2) and [Ni(P(n-Bu)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2) have distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The Ni(0) complex [Ni(P(Bn)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)] was also synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies and shown to have a distorted tetrahedral structure. These complexes, with the exception of [Ni(P(Cy)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2), all exhibit reversible electron transfer processes for both the Ni(II/I) and Ni(I/0) couples and are electrocatalysts for the production of H(2) in acidic acetonitrile solutions. The heterolytic cleavage of H(2) by [Ni(P(R)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2) complexes in the presence of p-anisidine or p-bromoaniline was used to determine the hydride donor abilities of the corresponding [HNi(P(R)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)](BF(4)) complexes. However, for the catalysts with the most bulky R groups, the turnover frequencies do not parallel the driving force for elimination of H(2), suggesting that steric interactions between the alkyl substituents on phosphorus and the nitrogen atom of the pendant amines play an important role in determining the overall catalytic rate. © 2011 American Chemical Society

  19. Heterogeneity in TV fast food advertisement exposure in South Korea.

    PubMed

    Kim, Tae Hyun; Han, Euna; Jang, Sunmee

    2014-03-01

    To assess TV fast food ad exposure in South Korea. We assessed time trends of targeted ratings (licensed from Nielsen Media Research Korea) by household income and education during 2004-2010. Lower income groups saw more fast food TV ads during the study period. Exposure decreased in all income groups with a bigger income gap in 2010 than in 2004. The relative exposure to local fried chicken franchise TV ads surged from one fifth in 2004 to half of all TV fast food ads seen in 2010 in all socioeconomic status (SES). Future studies should assess the link between TV fast ood ad exposure, an important contextual factor for individual food choices, and actual consumption.

  20. miR-708-5p and miR-34c-5p are involved in nNOS regulation in dystrophic context.

    PubMed

    Guilbaud, Marine; Gentil, Christel; Peccate, Cécile; Gargaun, Elena; Holtzmann, Isabelle; Gruszczynski, Carole; Falcone, Sestina; Mamchaoui, Kamel; Ben Yaou, Rabah; Leturcq, France; Jeanson-Leh, Laurence; Piétri-Rouxel, France

    2018-04-27

    Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in the DMD gene coding for dystrophin, a protein being part of a large sarcolemmal protein scaffold that includes the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The nNOS was shown to play critical roles in a variety of muscle functions and alterations of its expression and location in dystrophic muscle fiber leads to an increase of the muscle fatigability. We previously revealed a decrease of nNOS expression in BMD patients all presenting a deletion of exons 45 to 55 in the DMD gene (BMDd45-55), impacting the nNOS binding site of dystrophin. Since several studies showed deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in dystrophinopathies, we focused on miRNAs that could target nNOS in dystrophic context. By a screening of 617 miRNAs in BMDd45-55 muscular biopsies using TLDA and an in silico study to determine which one could target nNOS, we selected four miRNAs. In order to select those that targeted a sequence of 3'UTR of NOS1, we performed luciferase gene reporter assay in HEK393T cells. Finally, expression of candidate miRNAs was modulated in control and DMD human myoblasts (DMDd45-52) to study their ability to target nNOS. TLDA assay and the in silico study allowed us to select four miRNAs overexpressed in muscle biopsies of BMDd45-55 compared to controls. Among them, only the overexpression of miR-31, miR-708, and miR-34c led to a decrease of luciferase activity in an NOS1-3'UTR-luciferase assay, confirming their interaction with the NOS1-3'UTR. The effect of these three miRNAs was investigated on control and DMDd45-52 myoblasts. First, we showed a decrease of nNOS expression when miR-708 or miR-34c were overexpressed in control myoblasts. We then confirmed that DMDd45-52 cells displayed an endogenous increased of miR-31, miR-708, and miR-34c and a decreased of nNOS expression, the same characteristics observed in BMDd45-55 biopsies. In DMDd45-52 cells, we demonstrated that the inhibition of miR-708

  1. Neural basis for brain responses to TV commercials: a high-resolution EEG study.

    PubMed

    Astolfi, Laura; De Vico Fallani, F; Cincotti, F; Mattia, D; Bianchi, L; Marciani, M G; Salinari, S; Colosimo, A; Tocci, A; Soranzo, R; Babiloni, F

    2008-12-01

    We investigated brain activity during the observation of TV commercials by tracking the cortical activity and the functional connectivity changes in normal subjects. The aim was to elucidate if the TV commercials that were remembered by the subjects several days after their first observation elicited particular brain activity and connectivity compared with those generated during the observation of TV commercials that were quickly forgotten. High-resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were performed in a group of healthy subjects and the cortical activity during the observation of TV commercials was evaluated in several regions of interest coincident with the Brodmann areas (BAs). The patterns of cortical connectivity were obtained in the four principal frequency bands, Theta (3-7 Hz), Alpha (8-12 Hz), Beta (13-30 Hz), Gamma (30-40 Hz) and the directed influences between any given pair of the estimated cortical signals were evaluated by use of a multivariate spectral technique known as partial directed coherence. The topology of the cortical networks has been identified with tools derived from graph theory. Results suggest that the cortical activity and connectivity elicited by the viewing of the TV commercials that were remembered by the experimental subjects are markedly different from the brain activity elicited during the observation of the TV commercials that were forgotten. In particular, during the observation of the TV commercials that were remembered, the amount of cortical spectral activity from the frontal areas (BA 8 and 9) and from the parietal areas (BA 5, 7, and 40) is higher compared with the activity elicited by the observation of TV commercials that were forgotten. In addition, network analysis suggests a clear role of the parietal areas as a target of the incoming flow of information from all the other parts of the cortex during the observation of TV commercials that have been remembered. The techniques presented here shed new light on

  2. Child-targeted TV advertising and preschoolers' consumption of high-sugar breakfast cereals.

    PubMed

    Longacre, Meghan R; Drake, Keith M; Titus, Linda J; Harris, Jennifer; Cleveland, Lauren P; Langeloh, Gail; Hendricks, Kristy; Dalton, Madeline A

    2017-01-01

    Breakfast cereals represent the most highly advertised packaged food on child-targeted television, and most ads are for cereals high in sugar. This study examined whether children's TV exposure to child-targeted, high-sugar breakfast cereal (SBC) ads was associated with their consumption of those SBC brands. Parents of 3- to 5-year-old children were recruited from pediatric and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in Southern New Hampshire, USA, and completed a cross-sectional survey between April-December 2013. Parents reported their child's consumption of SBC brands; whether their child had watched any of 11 kids' channels in the past week; their child's TV viewing time; and socio-demographics. Children's exposure to child-targeted SBC TV ads was calculated by combining TV channel and viewing time with advertising data for SBC ads aired on kids' TV channels during the same timeframe. Five hundred forty-eight parents completed surveys; 52.7% had an annual household income of $50,000 or less. Children's mean age was 4.4 years, 51.6% were female, and 72.5% were non-Hispanic white. In the past week, 56.9% (N = 312) of children ate SBCs advertised on kids' channels. Overall, 40.6% of children were exposed to child-targeted SBC TV ads in the past week. In fully adjusted analyses, the number of SBC brands children consumed was positively associated with their exposure to child-targeted SBC ads. Children consumed 14% (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27) more SBC brands for every 10 SBC ads seen in the past 7 days. Exposure to child-targeted SBC TV advertising is positively associated with SBC brand consumption among preschool-aged children. These findings support recommendations to limit the marketing of high-sugar foods to young children. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Determinants of positive cooperativity between strychnine-like allosteric modulators and N-methylscopolamine at muscarinic receptors.

    PubMed

    Jakubík, Jan; Dolezal, Vladimír

    2006-01-01

    It has been shown previously that the third extracellular loop (o3) and its vicinity play a critical role in allosteric modulation at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) (Ellis et al., 1993; Krejçí and Tuçek, 2001; Buller et al., 2002). In this study interaction of four chemically related substances (strychnine, its dimethoxy derivate brucine, precursor for synthesis of strychnine Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde (WGA), and precursor for synthesis of alcuronium propargyl-WGA) with orthosteric antagonist N-methylscopolamine (NMS) was investigated on the M3 subtype of mAChRs mutated at the o3 loop.

  4. 2016.11.22 Updated Materials Physics and Applications Division Overview Presentation for TV monitor in 3-1415-Lobby

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Duran, Susan M.

    These slides are the updated overview presentation for the TV monitor in 3-1415-Lobby at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). It gives an overview of the Materials Physics and Applications Division, including descriptions of the leaders, where researchers are fellows (such as APS or OSA), the newest LANL fellows at MPA, and many other researchers who have won prizes. Finally, MPA's research accomplishments and focuses are detailed.

  5. Causes of Death Associated With Prolonged TV Viewing

    PubMed Central

    Keadle, Sarah K.; Moore, Steven C.; Sampson, Joshua N.; Xiao, Qian; Albanes, Demetrius; Matthews, Charles E.

    2015-01-01

    Introduction TV viewing is the most prevalent sedentary behavior and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but the association with other leading causes of death is unknown. This study examined the association between TV viewing and leading causes of death in the U.S. Methods A prospective cohort of 221,426 individuals (57% male) aged 50–71 years who were free of chronic disease at baseline (1995–1996), 93% white, with an average BMI of 26.7 (SD=4.4) kg/m2 were included. Participants self-reported TV viewing at baseline and were followed until death or December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for TV viewing and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Analyses were conducted in 2014–2015. Results After an average follow-up of 14.1 years, adjusted mortality risk for a 2-hour/day increase in TV viewing was significantly higher for the following causes of death (HR [95% CI]): cancer (1.07 [1.03, 1.11); heart disease (1.23 [1.17, 1.29]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.28 [1.14, 1.43]); diabetes (1.56 [1.33, 1.83]); influenza/pneumonia (1.24 [1.02, 1.50]); Parkinson disease (1.35 [1.11, 1.65]); liver disease (1.33 [1.05, 1.67]); and suicide (1.43 [1.10, 1.85]. Mortality associations persisted in stratified analyses with important potential confounders, reducing causation concerns. Conclusions This study shows the breadth of mortality outcomes associated with prolonged TV viewing, and identifies novel associations for several leading causes of death. TV viewing is a prevalent discretionary behavior that may be a more important target for public health intervention than previously recognized. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340015 PMID:26215832

  6. Duration of daily TV/screen watching with cardiovascular, respiratory, mental and psychiatric health: Scottish Health Survey, 2012-2013.

    PubMed

    Shiue, Ivy

    2015-01-01

    The link of duration of TV and/or screen watching and chronic health conditions by subtypes is unclear. Therefore, the relationship between TV and/or screen watching hours and cardiovascular, respiratory, mental and psychiatric health and well-being (happiness) was assessed in an independent population-based survey to identify correlations of various hours with health conditions. Data was retrieved from the Scottish Health Survey, 2012-2013. Information on demographics, lifestyle factors, self-reported health conditions and TV and/or screen watching duration in both Scottish adults and children was collected by annual household interviews. Chi-square test and survey weighted logistic and multi-nominal modelling were performed. 5527 (57.0%) Scottish adults aged 16-99 watched TV and/or screen daily for 3 + h on average. There was a trend toward more hypertension, angina, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poor self-rated health and mental health. Reporting watching TV and/or screen for 4 + h, for 5 + h and for 8 + h was associated with higher rates of heart attack, heart murmur or other heart troubles and abnormal heart rhythms, respectively. 414 (20.7%) Scottish children aged 4-12 watched TV and/or screen for 3h or more. They tended to have poor self-rated health and life difficulties perceived as emotional and behavioural problems. There were associations between various hours of TV and/or screen watching (3+h) and poor health observed both in Scottish adults and children. Future educational and public health programmes minimising TV and/or screen watching in order to protect cardiovascular, respiratory, mental and psychiatric health might be considered. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole Resistance Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Nitroreductase Genes ntr4Tv and ntr6Tv

    PubMed Central

    Paulish-Miller, Teresa E.; Augostini, Peter; Schuyler, Jessica A.; Smith, William L.; Mordechai, Eli; Adelson, Martin E.; Gygax, Scott E.; Secor, William E.

    2014-01-01

    Metronidazole resistance in the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is a problematic public health issue. We have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two nitroreductase genes (ntr4Tv and ntr6Tv) associated with resistance. These SNPs were associated with one of two distinct T. vaginalis populations identified by multilocus sequence typing, yet one SNP (ntr6Tv A238T), which results in a premature stop codon, was associated with resistance independent of population structure and may be of diagnostic value. PMID:24550324

  8. A man-made object detection for underwater TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheng, Binbin; Wang, Wenwu; Chen, Yao

    2018-03-01

    It is a great challenging task to complete an automatic search of objects underwater. Usually the forward looking sonar is used to find the target, and then the initial identification of the target is completed by the side-scan sonar, and finally the confirmation of the target is accomplished by underwater TV. This paper presents an efficient method for automatic extraction of man-made sensitive targets in underwater TV. Firstly, the image of underwater TV is simplified with taking full advantage of the prior knowledge of the target and the background; then template matching technology is used for target detection; finally the target is confirmed by extracting parallel lines on the target contour. The algorithm is formulated for real-time execution on limited-memory commercial-of-the-shelf platforms and is capable of detection objects in underwater TV.

  9. [(S)-1-Carbamoylethyl]bis(dimethylglyoximato-kappa2N,N')[(S)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) and bis(dimethylglyoximato-kappa2N,N')[(R)-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl][(R)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) monohydrate.

    PubMed

    Orisaku, Keiko Komori; Hagiwara, Mieko; Ohgo, Yoshiki; Arai, Yoshifusa; Ohgo, Yoshiaki

    2005-04-01

    The title complexes, [Co(C3H6NO)(C4H7N2O2)2(C8H11N)] and [Co(C4H8NO)(C4H7N2O2)2(C8H11N)].H2O, were resolved from [(RS)-1-carbamoylethyl]bis(dimethylglyoximato)[(S)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) and bis(dimethylglyoximato)[(RS)-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl][(R)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III), respectively, and their crystal structures were determined in order to reveal the absolute configuration of the major enantiomer produced in the photoisomerization of each series of 2-carbamoylethyl and 2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl cobaloxime complexes.

  10. Discrepancies between parents' and children's attitudes toward TV advertising.

    PubMed

    Baiocco, Roberto; D'Alessio, Maria; Laghi, Fiorenzo

    2009-06-01

    The authors conducted a study with 500 parent-child dyads. The sample comprised 254 boys and 246 girls. The children were grouped into 5 age groups (1 group for each age from 7 to 11 years), with each group comprising 100 children. The survey regards discrepancies between children and their parents on attitudes toward TV advertising to determine how TV commercials affect children's developmental stages and, particularly, their credence, behavioral intentions, and TV enjoyment. Regarding enjoyment and purchase dimensions, the group of 7-year-old children claimed that they enjoyed and are influenced in their consumer attitude more than did the groups of 8-11-year-old children. Credence decreased significantly with age. This study showed that parents tended to undervalue TV advertising's influence on their children. Parents' conformity was a significant predictor of children's attitude toward TV advertising. Results indicated that a high level of parental conformity was linked to the number of brands children claimed to possess.

  11. HIV lipodystrophy in participants randomised to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) +2-3 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTI) or LPV/r + raltegravir as second-line antiretroviral therapy.

    PubMed

    Martin, Allison; Moore, Cecilia L; Mallon, Patrick W G; Hoy, Jennifer F; Emery, Sean; Belloso, Waldo H; Phanuphak, Praphan; Ferret, Samuel; Cooper, David A; Boyd, Mark A

    2013-01-01

    To compare changes over 48 weeks in body fat, lipids, Metabolic Syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk between patients randomised 1:1 to lopinavir/ritonavir (r/LPV) plus raltegravir (RAL) compared to r/LPV plus 2-3 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTIs) as second-line therapy. Participants were HIV-1 positive (>16 years) failing first-line treatment (2 consecutive HIV RNA >500 copies/mL) of NNRTI +2N(t)RTI. Whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and week 48. Data were obtained to calculate the Metabolic Syndrome and Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score. Linear regression was used to compare mean differences between arms. Logistic regression compared incidence of metabolic syndrome. Associations between percent limb fat changes at 48 weeks with baseline variables were assessed by backward stepwise multivariate linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for gender, body mass index and smoking status. 210 participants were randomised. The mean (95% CI) increase in limb fat over 48 weeks was 15.7% (5.3, 25.9) or 0.9 kg (0.2, 1.5) in the r/LPV+N(t)RTI arm and 21.1% (11.1, 31,1) or 1.3 kg (0.7, 1.9) in the r/LPV+RAL arm, with no significant difference between treatment arms (-5.4% [-0.4 kg], p>0.1). Increases in total body fat mass (kg) and trunk fat mass (kg) were also similar between groups. Total:HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in the RAL arm (mean difference -0.4 (1.4); p = 0.03), there were no other differences in lipid parameters between treatment arms. There were no statistically significant differences in CVD risk or incidence of Metabolic Syndrome between the two treatment arms. The baseline predictors of increased limb fat were high viral load, high insulin and participant's not taking lipid lowering treatment. In patients switching to second line therapy, r/LPV combined with RAL demonstrated similar improvements in limb fat as an N(t)RTI + r/LPV regimen, but a worse total

  12. New Linear and Star-Shaped Thermogelling Poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) Copolymers.

    PubMed

    Barouti, Ghislaine; Liow, Sing Shy; Dou, Qingqing; Ye, Hongye; Orione, Clément; Guillaume, Sophie M; Loh, Xian Jun

    2016-07-18

    The synthesis of multi-arm poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based triblock copolymers (poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-[[poly(methyl ether methacrylate)-g-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-[poly(methacrylate)-g-poly(propylene glycol)

  13. The 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold for subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands. Part 1: the influence of different hydrogen bond acceptor systems on alkyl and (hetero)aryl substituents.

    PubMed

    Eibl, Christoph; Tomassoli, Isabelle; Munoz, Lenka; Stokes, Clare; Papke, Roger L; Gündisch, Daniela

    2013-12-01

    3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane is a naturally occurring scaffold interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). When one nitrogen of the 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold was implemented in a carboxamide motif displaying a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) functionality, compounds with higher affinities and subtype selectivity for α4β2(∗) were obtained. The nature of the HBA system (carboxamide, sulfonamide, urea) had a strong impact on nAChR interaction. High affinity ligands for α4β2(∗) possessed small alkyl chains, small un-substituted hetero-aryl groups or para-substituted phenyl ring systems along with a carboxamide group. Electrophysiological responses of selected 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives to Xenopus oocytes expressing various nAChR subtypes showed diverse activation profiles. Compounds with strongest agonistic profiles were obtained with small alkyl groups whereas a shift to partial agonism/antagonism was observed for aryl substituents. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Indium-mediated asymmetric Barbier-type propargylations: additions to aldehydes and ketones and mechanistic investigation of the organoindium reagents.

    PubMed

    Haddad, Terra D; Hirayama, Lacie C; Buckley, Jannise J; Singaram, Bakthan

    2012-01-20

    We report a simple, efficient, and general method for the indium-mediated enantioselective propargylation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under Barbier-type conditions in a one-pot synthesis affording the corresponding chiral alcohol products in very good yield (up to 90%) and enantiomeric excess (up to 95%). The extension of this methodology to ketones demonstrated the need for electrophilic ketones more reactive than acetophenone as the reaction would not proceed with just acetophenone. Using the Lewis acid indium triflate [In(OTf)(3)] induced regioselective formation of the corresponding homoallenic alcohol product from acetophenone. However, this methodology demonstrated excellent chemoselectivity in formation of only the corresponding secondary homopropargylic alcohol product in the presence of a ketone functionality. Investigation of the organoindium intermediates under our reaction conditions shows the formation of allenylindium species, and we suggest that these species contain an indium(III) center. In addition, we have observed the presence of a shiny, indium(0) nugget throughout the reaction, irrespective of the stoichiometry, indicating disproportionation of indium halide byproduct formed during the reaction.

  15. 47 CFR 73.6010 - Class A TV station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Class A TV station protected contour. 73.6010... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6010 Class A TV station protected contour. (a) A Class A TV station will be protected from interference within the following predicted...

  16. 47 CFR 73.6010 - Class A TV station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Class A TV station protected contour. 73.6010... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6010 Class A TV station protected contour. (a) A Class A TV station will be protected from interference within the following predicted...

  17. 47 CFR 73.6010 - Class A TV station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Class A TV station protected contour. 73.6010... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6010 Class A TV station protected contour. (a) A Class A TV station will be protected from interference within the following predicted...

  18. 47 CFR 73.6010 - Class A TV station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Class A TV station protected contour. 73.6010... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6010 Class A TV station protected contour. (a) A Class A TV station will be protected from interference within the following predicted...

  19. 47 CFR 73.6010 - Class A TV station protected contour.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Class A TV station protected contour. 73.6010... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6010 Class A TV station protected contour. (a) A Class A TV station will be protected from interference within the following predicted...

  20. ON THE STRUCTURE OF \\mathcal{H}_{n - 1}-ALMOST EVERYWHERE CONVEX HYPERSURFACES IN \\mathbf{R}^{n + 1}

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dmitriev, V. G.

    1982-04-01

    It is proved that a hypersurface f imbedded in \\mathbf{R}^{n + 1}, n \\geq 2, which is locally convex at all points except for a closed set E with (n - 1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure \\mathcal{K}_{n - 1}(E) = 0, and strictly convex near E is in fact locally convex everywhere. The author also gives various corollaries. In particular, let M be a complete two-dimensional Riemannian manifold of nonnegative curvature K and E \\subset M a closed subset for which \\mathcal{K}_1(E) = 0. Assume further that there exists a neighborhood U \\supset E such that K(x) > 0 for x \\in U \\setminus E, f \\colon M \\to \\mathbf{R}^3 is such that f\\big\\vert _{U \\setminus E} is an imbedding, and f\\big\\vert _{M \\setminus E} \\in C^{1, \\alpha}, \\alpha > 2/3. Then f(M) is a complete convex surface in \\mathbf{R}^3. This result is an generalization of results in the paper reviewed in MR 51 # 11374.Bibliography: 19 titles.

  1. 24 CFR 3285.906 - Telephone and cable TV.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL MANUFACTURED HOME INSTALLATION STANDARDS Optional Information for Manufacturer's Installation Instructions § 3285.906 Telephone and cable TV. It is recommended that the installation instructions explain that telephone and cable TV wiring should be installed in accordance with requirements of...

  2. Consolidation and Fabrication Techniques for Vanadium-20 w/o Titanium (TV-20)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1965-02-01

    15Ti-6V 87-90 RB 950 87-91 RB 50% Nb-18Ti-4V(l) 85-90 RB 650 90 RB 68% V-10Ti !TV-101(1) NA 850 lAir ) NA 50% V-20Ti ITV-20)(1) NA 850-900 NA 50...generally re jected s ince the ends were where most of the defects we r e located and where the " extrusion defect " ( nonuniform deformation

  3. A novel cantharidin analog N-Benzylcantharidinamide reduces the expression of MMP-9 and invasive potentials of Hep3B via inhibiting cytosolic translocation of HuR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Ji-Yeon; Chung, Tae-Wook; Choi, Hee-Jung

    2014-05-02

    Highlights: • We examined the inhibition of N-Benzylcantharidinamide on MMP-9-mediated invasion. • Unlike cantharidin, N-Benzylcantharidinamide has very low toxicity on Hep3B cells. • The reduced MMP-9 expression was due to HuR-mediated decrease of mRNA stability. • We suggest N-Benzylcantharidinamide as a novel inhibitor of MMP-9-related invasion. - Abstract: Invasion and metastasis are major causes of malignant tumor-associated mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular events underlying inhibitory effect of N-Benzylcantharidinamide, a novel synthetic analog of cantharidin, on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-mediated invasion in highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. In this investigation, among six analogs of cantharidin, only N-Benzylcantharidinamidemore » has the inhibitory action on MMP-9 expression at non-toxic dose. The MMP-9 expression and invasion of Hep3B cells were significantly suppressed by treatment of N-Benzylcantharidinamide in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the transcriptional activity of MMP-9 promoter and nuclear levels of NF-κB and AP-1 as the main transcriptional factors inducing MMP-9 expression were not affected by it although the level of MMP-9 mRNA was reduced by treatment of N-Benzylcantharidinamide. Interestingly, the stability of MMP-9 mRNA was significantly reduced by N-Benzylcantharidinamide-treatment. In addition, the cytosolic translocation of human antigen R (HuR), which results in the increase of MMP-9 mRNA stability through interaction of HuR with 3′-untranslated region of MMP-9 mRNA, was suppressed by treatment of N-Benzylcantharidinamide, in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, it was demonstrated, for the first time, that N-Benzylcantharidinamide suppresses MMP-9 expression by reducing HuR-mediated MMP-9 mRNA stability for the inhibition of invasive potential in highly metastatic Hep3B cells.« less

  4. Multipotent MAO and cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacological analysis and molecular modeling of heterocyclic substituted alkyl and cycloalkyl propargyl amine.

    PubMed

    Samadi, Abdelouahid; de los Ríos, Cristóbal; Bolea, Irene; Chioua, Mourad; Iriepa, Isabel; Moraleda, Ignacio; Bartolini, Manuela; Andrisano, Vincenza; Gálvez, Enrique; Valderas, Carolina; Unzeta, Mercedes; Marco-Contelles, José

    2012-06-01

    The synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling of heterocyclic substituted alkyl and cycloalkyl propargyl amines 1-7 of type I, and 9-12 of type II, designed as multipotent inhibitors able to simultaneously inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAO-A/B) as well as cholinesterase (AChE/BuChE) enzymes, as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, are described. Indole derivatives 1-7 of type I are well known MAO inhibitors whose capacity to inhibit AChE and BuChE was here investigated for the first time. As a result, compound 7 was identified as a MAO-B inhibitor (IC(50) = 31 ± 2 nM) and a moderately selective eqBuChE inhibitor (IC(50) = 4.7 ± 0.2 μM). Conversely, the new and readily available 5-amino-7-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives 9-13 of type II are poor MAO inhibitors, but showed AChE selective inhibition, compound 12 being the most attractive as it acts as a non-competitive inhibitor on EeAChE (IC(50) = 25 ± 3 nM, K(i) = 65 nM). The ability of this compound to interact with the AChE peripheral binding site was confirmed by kinetic studies and by molecular modeling investigation. Studies on human ChEs confirmed that 12 is a selective AChE inhibitor with inhibitory potency in the submicromolar range. Moreover, in agreement with its mode of action, 12 was shown to be able to inhibit Aβ aggregation induced by hAChE by 30.6%. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  5. (2R,3S,4R)-3,4-Isopropyl­idenedi­oxy-2-(phenyl­sulfonyl­meth­yl)pyrrolidin-1-ol

    PubMed Central

    Flores, Mari Fe; Garcia, Pilar; M. Garrido, Narciso; Sanz, Francisca; Diez, David

    2012-01-01

    The title compound, C14H19NO5S, was prepared by nucleophilic addition of the lithium derivative of methyl­phenyl­sulfone to (3S,4R)-3,4-isopropyl­idene­dioxy­pyrroline 1-oxide. There are four mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure determination confirms the configuration of the chiral centres as 2R,3S,4R. In the crystal, pairs of O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into dimers. PMID:22904989

  6. Problems relevant to town incoming radio TV links

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tomati, L.

    1984-01-01

    The degradations produced on the wanted TV signal by an interfering signal are examined. The TV protection ratios to be respected are also examined in case of co-channel interference and adjacent channels. Problems related to the possible disturbances produced by the interfering signal on the AGC and the squelch of the interred receiver are also taken into account. Some solutions normally adopted for the above problems are examined, including improvement of the antenna directivity, suitable filtering, and polarization discrimination. Finally, some problems related to the propagation I urban areas for what concerns the possible distortions on a color TV signal are examined.

  7. Exploring causality between TV viewing and weight change in young and middle-aged adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.

    PubMed

    Helajärvi, Harri; Rosenström, Tom; Pahkala, Katja; Kähönen, Mika; Lehtimäki, Terho; Heinonen, Olli J; Oikonen, Mervi; Tammelin, Tuija; Viikari, Jorma S A; Raitakari, Olli T

    2014-01-01

    Television viewing time (TV time) is associated with increased weight and obesity, but it is unclear whether this relation is causal. We evaluated changes in TV time, waist circumference (waist) and body mass index (BMI) in participants of the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (761 women, 626 men aged 33-50 years in 2011). Waist and BMI were measured, and TV time was self-reported in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Changes in waist and BMI between 2001 and 2011 were studied a) for the whole group, b) in groups with constantly low (≤ 1 h/d), moderate (1-3 h/d), or high (≥ 3 h/d) TV time, and c) in groups with ≥ 1 hour in-/decrease in daily TV time between 2001 and 2011. BMIs in 1986 were also evaluated. We explored the causal relationship of TV time with waist and BMI by classical temporality criterion and recently introduced causal-discovery algorithms (pairwise causality measures). Both methods supported the hypothesis that TV time is causative to weight gain, and no evidence was found for reverse or bidirectional causality. Constantly low TV time was associated with less pronounced increase in waist and BMI, and waist and BMI increase was lower with decreased TV time (P<0.05). The increase in waist and BMI was at least 2-fold in the high TV time group compared to the low TV time group (P<0.05). Adjustment for age, sex, BMI/waist in 2001, physical activity, energy intake, or smoking did not change the results. In young and middle-aged adults, constantly high TV time is temporally antecedent to BMI and waist increase.

  8. Astronomy TV outreach, CUBA experiences

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alvarez, Oscar

    2015-08-01

    As professional astronomer and science communicator, I want to share my personal experience communicating Astronomy and general science principles in maybe, the most popular science outreach devoted TV program in Cuba. It is broadcasted nationwide in a prime time schedule every Sunday. The Science Popularization on TV, is in a Third World Country hard to do if you want to produce attractive materials for a broad audience. Budgets constraints in most of the cases and lack of the technical equipment required to produce first class visual materials conspire, against motivation and creativity of local scientists and media professionals. A way to show the advance of the national scientific community in Science fields and connecting them in a friendly relation with a broad majority of the people, is to combine the wisdom and knowledge of the local scientists together with the most spectacular TV production of the first world countries. Commenting, analyzing and conveying the hard science into the public debate of the common citizens. Here is shown a way to convey cutting edge science to the general public, using limited resources to produce imaginative television productions, highlighting the development, knowledge and wisdom of the local scientists.

  9. 47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... from the authorized maximum radiated power (without depression angle correction), the horizontal... application for a new UHF low power TV or TV translator construction permit, a change of channel, or a major...

  10. 47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... from the authorized maximum radiated power (without depression angle correction), the horizontal... application for a new UHF low power TV or TV translator construction permit, a change of channel, or a major...

  11. 47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... from the authorized maximum radiated power (without depression angle correction), the horizontal... application for a new UHF low power TV or TV translator construction permit, a change of channel, or a major...

  12. 47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... from the authorized maximum radiated power (without depression angle correction), the horizontal... application for a new UHF low power TV or TV translator construction permit, a change of channel, or a major...

  13. 47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... from the authorized maximum radiated power (without depression angle correction), the horizontal... application for a new UHF low power TV or TV translator construction permit, a change of channel, or a major...

  14. The Obesogenic Quality of the Home Environment: Associations with Diet, Physical Activity, TV Viewing, and BMI in Preschool Children.

    PubMed

    Schrempft, Stephanie; van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H M; Fisher, Abigail; Wardle, Jane

    2015-01-01

    The home environment is thought to play a key role in early weight trajectories, although direct evidence is limited. There is general agreement that multiple factors exert small individual effects on weight-related outcomes, so use of composite measures could demonstrate stronger effects. This study therefore examined whether composite measures reflecting the 'obesogenic' home environment are associated with diet, physical activity, TV viewing, and BMI in preschool children. Families from the Gemini cohort (n = 1096) completed a telephone interview (Home Environment Interview; HEI) when their children were 4 years old. Diet, physical activity, and TV viewing were reported at interview. Child height and weight measurements were taken by the parents (using standard scales and height charts) and reported at interview. Responses to the HEI were standardized and summed to create four composite scores representing the food (sum of 21 variables), activity (sum of 6 variables), media (sum of 5 variables), and overall (food composite/21 + activity composite/6 + media composite/5) home environments. These were categorized into 'obesogenic risk' tertiles. Children in 'higher-risk' food environments consumed less fruit (OR; 95% CI = 0.39; 0.27-0.57) and vegetables (0.47; 0.34-0.64), and more energy-dense snacks (3.48; 2.16-5.62) and sweetened drinks (3.49; 2.10-5.81) than children in 'lower-risk' food environments. Children in 'higher-risk' activity environments were less physically active (0.43; 0.32-0.59) than children in 'lower-risk' activity environments. Children in 'higher-risk' media environments watched more TV (3.51; 2.48-4.96) than children in 'lower-risk' media environments. Neither the individual nor the overall composite measures were associated with BMI. Composite measures of the obesogenic home environment were associated as expected with diet, physical activity, and TV viewing. Associations with BMI were not apparent at this age.

  15. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and electrochemical or spectrophotometric determination of R(-)N-n-propylnorapomorphine and R(-)10,11-methylenedioxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine in primate plasma.

    PubMed

    Lampen, P; Neumeyer, J L; Baldessarini, R J

    1988-04-29

    The dopamine receptor agonist R(-)N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and its proposed pro-drug R(-)10,11-methylenedioxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine (MDO-NPA) were isolated simultaneously from monkey plasma using a solid-phase extraction procedure. R(-)Apomorphine (APO) and R(-)10,11-methylenedioxyaporphine (MDO-APO) were added as internal standards, and separation and quantification were by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical or ultraviolet detection of the free catechol and MDO compounds, respectively. The detection limits for NPA and MDO-NPA in plasma were 0.5 and 10 ng/ml and the coefficient of variation (S.D./mean) within assays and between days of assays for both drugs was 5.6% or less. Quantification of plasma levels of NPA and MDO-NPA was possible at ranges of 2-1000 and 40-5000 ng/ml, respectively, including concentrations found after intravenous administration of these agents.

  16. Reactions of R(2)P-P(SiMe(3))Li with [(R'(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)]. A general and efficient entry to phosphanylphosphinidene complexes of platinum. Syntheses and structures of [(eta(2)-P=(i)Pr(2))Pt(p-Tol(3)P)(2)], [(eta(2)-P=(t)Bu(2))Pt(p-Tol(3)P)(2)], [{eta(2)-P=(N(i)Pr(2))(2)}Pt(p-Tol(3)P)(2)] and [{(Et(2)PhP)(2)Pt}(2)P(2)].

    PubMed

    Domańska-Babul, Wioleta; Chojnacki, Jaroslaw; Matern, Eberhard; Pikies, Jerzy

    2009-01-07

    The reactions of lithium derivatives of diphosphanes R(2)P-P(SiMe(3))Li (R = (t)Bu, (i)Pr, Et(2)N and (i)Pr(2)N) with [(R'(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)] (R'(3)P = Et(3)P, Et(2)PhP, EtPh(2)P and p-Tol(3)P) proceed in a facile manner to afford side-on bonded phosphanylphosphinidene complexes of platinum [(eta(2)-P=R(2))Pt(PR'(3))(2)]. The related reactions of Ph(2)P-P(SiMe(3))Li with [(R'(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)] did not yield [(eta(2)-P=PPh(2))Pt(PR'(3))(2)] and resulted mainly in the formation of [{(R'(3)P)(2)Pt}(2)P(2)], Ph(2)P-PLi-PPh(2), (Me(3)Si)(2)PLi and (Me(3)Si)(3)P. Crystallographic data are reported for the compounds [(eta(2)-P=R(2))Pt(p-Tol(3)P)(2)] (R = (t)Bu, (i)Pr, ((i)Pr(2)N)(2)P) and for [{(Et(2)PhP)(2)Pt}(2)P(2)].

  17. Children and TV Violence

    MedlinePlus

    ... powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. Unfortunately, much of today's television programming is violent. Hundreds of studies of the effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may: become " ...

  18. Ethyl 2-{4-[(1,5-dibenzyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-1,5-benzo-diazepin-3-yl)meth-yl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}acetate.

    PubMed

    Jabli, Hind; Kandri Rodi, Y; Ladeira, Sonia; Essassi, El Mokhtar; Ng, Seik Weng

    2009-12-12

    The reaction of 1,5-dibenzyl-3-propargyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione with ethyl azido-acetate in the presence of copper sulfate pentahydrate and sodium ascorbate leads to the formation of the title regioisomer, C(30)H(29)N(5)O(4), which features a phenyl-ene ring fused with a seven-membered diazepinyl ring. The latter ring adopts a boat conformation (with the methyl-triazolylacetate-bearing C atom as the prow and the fused-ring C atoms as the stern). The benzyl groups connected to the diazepinyl ring jprotrude from the sides; the methyl-triazolylacetate substituent occupies an axial position.

  19. (2R,1'S,2'R)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-3-[2-Mono(di,tri)fluoromethylcyclopropyl]alanines and their incorporation into hormaomycin analogues

    PubMed Central

    Kozhushkov, Sergei I; Yufit, Dmitrii S; Grosse, Christian; Kaiser, Marcel

    2014-01-01

    Summary Efficient and scalable syntheses of enantiomerically pure (2R,1'S,2'R)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-3-[2-mono(di,tri)fluoromethylcyclopropyl]alanines 9a–c, as well as allo-D-threonine (4) and (2S,3R)-β-methylphenylalanine (3), using the Belokon' approach with (S)- and (R)-2-[(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone [(S)- and (R)-10] as reusable chiral auxiliaries have been developed. Three new fluoromethyl analogues of the naturally occurring octadepsipeptide hormaomycin (1) with (fluoromethylcyclopropyl)alanine moieties have been synthesized and subjected to preliminary tests of their antibiotic activity. PMID:25550751

  20. 47 CFR 73.644 - Subscription TV transmission systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... adjacent channel stations must not increase over that resulting from the transmission of programming with... transmission of encoded subscription programming, the licensee or permittee of a TV broadcast or low power TV... being used of both the aural and visual baseband signals and the transmitted radiofrequency signals, and...

  1. Body mass index, new modes of TV viewing and active video games.

    PubMed

    Falbe, J; Willett, W C; Rosner, B; Field, A E

    2017-10-01

    Recent technologies have changed screen time. TV can be viewed anywhere, anytime. Content can be collected via digital recorders and online streaming and viewed on smartphones. Video games are no longer strictly sedentary. We sought to assess the unknown relations between new modes of TV viewing - recorded, online, downloaded and on hand-held devices - and active video games with body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 wave of the Growing Up Today Study 2 cohort. We used gender-specific generalized estimating equations to examine screen time and BMI among 3071 women and 2050 men aged 16-24 years. Among women, each hour/day of online TV (0.47; confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 0.82) and total non-broadcast TV (0.37; CI: 0.14, 0.61) was associated with higher BMI, as was watching ≥ 1/2 h week -1 of TV on hand-held devices (1.04; CI: 0.32-1.77). Active video games were associated with BMI among women, but not after restricting to those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Broadcast TV was associated with higher BMI (kg m -2 ) among women and men (P < 0.05). Among women, online TV, TV viewed on hand-held devices and the sum of non-broadcast TV time were associated with higher BMI. Broadcast TV was also associated with BMI in women and men. © 2016 World Obesity Federation.

  2. Synthesis ofN-(2-chloro-5-methylthiophenyl)-N'-(3-methyl-thiophenyl)-N'-[3H3]methylguanidine, l brace [3H3]CNS-5161 r brace

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gibbs, Andrew R.; Morimoto, Hiromi; VanBrocklin, Henry F.

    2001-09-28

    The preparation of the title compound, [{sup 3}H{sub 3}]CNS-5161, was accomplished in three steps starting with the production of [{sup 3}H{sub 3}]iodomethane (CT{sub 3}I). The intermediate N-[{sup 3}H{sub 3}]methyl-3-(thiomethylphenyl)cyanamide was prepared in 77% yield by the addition of CT{sub 3}I to 3-(thiomethylphenyl)cyanamide, previously treated with sodium hydride. Reaction of this tritiated intermediate with 2-chloro-5-thiomethylaniline hydrochloride formed the guanidine compound [{sup 3}H{sub 3}]CNS-5161. Purification by HPLC gave the desired labeled product in an overall yield of 9% with greater than 96% radiochemical purity and a final specific activity of 66 Ci mmol{sup -1}.

  3. Exploring Causality between TV Viewing and Weight Change in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

    PubMed Central

    Helajärvi, Harri; Rosenström, Tom; Pahkala, Katja; Kähönen, Mika; Lehtimäki, Terho; Heinonen, Olli J.; Oikonen, Mervi; Tammelin, Tuija; Viikari, Jorma S. A.; Raitakari, Olli T.

    2014-01-01

    Background Television viewing time (TV time) is associated with increased weight and obesity, but it is unclear whether this relation is causal. Methods and Results We evaluated changes in TV time, waist circumference (waist) and body mass index (BMI) in participants of the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (761 women, 626 men aged 33–50 years in 2011). Waist and BMI were measured, and TV time was self-reported in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Changes in waist and BMI between 2001 and 2011 were studied a) for the whole group, b) in groups with constantly low (≤1 h/d), moderate (1–3 h/d), or high (≥3 h/d) TV time, and c) in groups with ≥1 hour in-/decrease in daily TV time between 2001 and 2011. BMIs in 1986 were also evaluated. We explored the causal relationship of TV time with waist and BMI by classical temporality criterion and recently introduced causal-discovery algorithms (pairwise causality measures). Both methods supported the hypothesis that TV time is causative to weight gain, and no evidence was found for reverse or bidirectional causality. Constantly low TV time was associated with less pronounced increase in waist and BMI, and waist and BMI increase was lower with decreased TV time (P<0.05). The increase in waist and BMI was at least 2-fold in the high TV time group compared to the low TV time group (P<0.05). Adjustment for age, sex, BMI/waist in 2001, physical activity, energy intake, or smoking did not change the results. Conclusions In young and middle-aged adults, constantly high TV time is temporally antecedent to BMI and waist increase. PMID:25028965

  4. Workshop AccessibleTV "Accessible User Interfaces for Future TV Applications"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hahn, Volker; Hamisu, Pascal; Jung, Christopher; Heinrich, Gregor; Duarte, Carlos; Langdon, Pat

    Approximately half of the elderly people over 55 suffer from some type of typically mild visual, auditory, motor or cognitive impairment. For them interaction, especially with PCs and other complex devices is sometimes challenging, although accessible ICT applications could make much of a difference for their living quality. Basically they have the potential to enable or simplify participation and inclusion in their surrounding private and professional communities. However, the availability of accessible user interfaces being capable to adapt to the specific needs and requirements of users with individual impairments is very limited. Although there are a number of APIs [1, 2, 3, 4] available for various platforms that allow developers to provide accessibility features within their applications, today none of them provides features for the automatic adaptation of multimodal interfaces being capable to automatically fit the individual requirements of users with different kinds of impairments. Moreover, the provision of accessible user interfaces is still expensive and risky for application developers, as they need special experience and effort for user tests. Today many implementations simply neglect the needs of elderly people, thus locking out a large portion of their potential users. The workshop is organized as part of the dissemination activity for the European-funded project GUIDE "Gentle user interfaces for elderly people", which aims to address this situation with a comprehensive approach for the realization of multimodal user interfaces being capable to adapt to the needs of users with different kinds of mild impairments. As application platform, GUIDE will mainly target TVs and Set-Top Boxes, such as the emerging Connected-TV or WebTV platforms, as they have the potential to address the needs of the elderly users with applications such as for home automation, communication or continuing education.

  5. Convergent Validity of Preschool Children's Television Viewing Measures among Low-Income Latino Families: A Cross-Sectional Study

    PubMed Central

    McLeod, Jessica; Chen, Tzu-An; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Baranowski, Tom

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Background Television viewing is an important modifiable risk factor for childhood obesity. However, valid methods for measuring children's TV viewing are sparse and few studies have included Latinos, a population disproportionately affected by obesity. The goal of this study was to test the reliability and convergent validity of four TV viewing measures among low-income Latino preschool children in the United States. Methods Latino children (n=96) ages 3–5 years old were recruited from four Head Start centers in Houston, Texas (January, 2009, to June, 2010). TV viewing was measured concurrently over 7 days by four methods: (1) TV diaries (parent reported), (2) sedentary time (accelerometry), (3) TV Allowance (an electronic TV power meter), and (4) Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) on personal digital assistants (parent reported). This 7-day procedure was repeated 3–4 weeks later. Test–retest reliability was determined by intraclass correlations (ICC). Spearman correlations (due to nonnormal distributions) were used to determine convergent validity compared to the TV diary. Results The TV diary had the highest test–retest reliability (ICC=0.82, p<0.001), followed by the TV Allowance (ICC=0.69, p<0.001), EMA (ICC=0.46, p<0.001), and accelerometry (ICC=0.36–0.38, p<0.01). The TV Allowance (r=0.45–0.55, p<0.001) and EMA (r=0.47–0.51, p<0.001) methods were significantly correlated with TV diaries. Accelerometer-determined sedentary minutes were not correlated with TV diaries. The TV Allowance and EMA methods were significantly correlated with each other (r=0.48–0.53, p<0.001). Conclusions The TV diary is feasible and is the most reliable method for measuring US Latino preschool children's TV viewing. PMID:23270534

  6. Candidate Insect Repellent AI3-35713-aGa N-Pentylvaleramide

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-10-19

    0 Io -44 0 0 ON . w *0. 4) L0 0 ~ -- 0t, M- N 41 M , y ) *4Ur 0 f E0 4) MN 4) O.* r U 4J404 Ul~ r, eo 0 r. a.O~U f- n AN 1. ) 41$44 r. 4 0 -. ) MJ N ...TOPICAL HAZARD EVALUATION . , OF CANDIDATE INSECT REPELLENT AI3-35713-aGa N -PENTYLVALERAMIDE STUDY NO. 51-0802-77 AUGUST 1975 - AUGUST 1976 Approved...CLASSIFICATION DO’ THIS PAGE (Wlhet Der. Znftro* REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE EA~D N RM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION No. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER 51

  7. Anti-Obesity Property of Lichen Thamnolia vermicularis Extract in 3T3-L1 Cells and Diet-Induced Obese Mice

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Ra-Yeong; Ham, Ju Ri; Yeo, Jiyoung; Hur, Jae-Seoun; Park, Seok-Kyu; Kim, Myung-Joo; Lee, Mi-Kyung

    2017-01-01

    Thamnolia vermicularis (TV) is an edible lichen that is prevalent in the alpine zone of East Asia. This study evaluated the feasibility of using TV acetone extracts as a functional food based on experiments using cell line and obese mice. The cellular triglyceride levels and Oil red O staining of 3T3-L1 cells indicated that TV extracts (5 and 10 μg/mL) dose-dependently suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation compared with the control. The TV extract (0.4%, w/w) in a high-fat diet (HFD) was supplemented to C57BL/6N mice for 12 weeks, and TV extract supplement significantly reduced visceral fat mass and body weight compared with HFD feeding alone. The TV extract also induced significant decreases in serum and hepatic lipids, whereas it increased the serum high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and fecal lipids levels. Moreover, the TV extract led to significantly lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the TV extract may have anti-obesity effects, including lipid-lowering, and it is a natural resource with the potential for use in obesity management. PMID:29333380

  8. Pathogenicity and Transmission in Pigs of the Novel A(H3N2)v Influenza Virus Isolated from Humans and Characterization of Swine H3N2 Viruses Isolated in 2010-2011

    PubMed Central

    Kitikoon, Pravina; Gauger, Phillip C.; Schlink, Sarah N.; Bayles, Darrell O.; Gramer, Marie R.; Darnell, Daniel; Webby, Richard J.; Lager, Kelly M.; Swenson, Sabrina L.; Klimov, Alexander

    2012-01-01

    Swine influenza virus (SIV) H3N2 with triple reassorted internal genes (TRIG) has been enzootic in Unites States since 1998. Transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus to pigs in the United States was followed by reassortment with endemic SIV, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel H3N2 genotypes (rH3N2p). Between July and December 2011, 12 cases of human infections with swine-lineage H3N2 viruses containing the pandemic matrix (pM) gene [A(H3N2)v] were detected. Whole-genome analysis of H3N2 viruses isolated from pigs from 2009 to 2011 sequenced in this study and other available H3N2 sequences showed six different rH3N2p genotypes present in the U.S. swine population since 2009. The presence of the pM gene was a common feature among all rH3N2p genotypes, but no specific genotype appeared to predominate in the swine population. We compared the pathogenic, transmission, genetic, and antigenic properties of a human A(H3N2)v isolate and two swine H3N2 isolates, H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p. Our in vivo study detected no increased virulence in A(H3N2)v or rH3N2p viruses compared to endemic H3N2-TRIG virus. Antibodies to cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses had reduced cross-reactivity to A(H3N2)v compared to other cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene indicated that although rH3N2p and A(H3N2)v are related to cluster IV of H3N2-TRIG, some recent rH3N2p isolates appeared to be forming a separate cluster along with the human isolates of A(H3N2)v. Continued monitoring of these H3N2 viruses is necessary to evaluate the evolution and potential loss of population immunity in swine and humans. PMID:22491461

  9. Pathogenicity and transmission in pigs of the novel A(H3N2)v influenza virus isolated from humans and characterization of swine H3N2 viruses isolated in 2010-2011.

    PubMed

    Kitikoon, Pravina; Vincent, Amy L; Gauger, Phillip C; Schlink, Sarah N; Bayles, Darrell O; Gramer, Marie R; Darnell, Daniel; Webby, Richard J; Lager, Kelly M; Swenson, Sabrina L; Klimov, Alexander

    2012-06-01

    Swine influenza virus (SIV) H3N2 with triple reassorted internal genes (TRIG) has been enzootic in Unites States since 1998. Transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus to pigs in the United States was followed by reassortment with endemic SIV, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel H3N2 genotypes (rH3N2p). Between July and December 2011, 12 cases of human infections with swine-lineage H3N2 viruses containing the pandemic matrix (pM) gene [A(H3N2)v] were detected. Whole-genome analysis of H3N2 viruses isolated from pigs from 2009 to 2011 sequenced in this study and other available H3N2 sequences showed six different rH3N2p genotypes present in the U.S. swine population since 2009. The presence of the pM gene was a common feature among all rH3N2p genotypes, but no specific genotype appeared to predominate in the swine population. We compared the pathogenic, transmission, genetic, and antigenic properties of a human A(H3N2)v isolate and two swine H3N2 isolates, H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p. Our in vivo study detected no increased virulence in A(H3N2)v or rH3N2p viruses compared to endemic H3N2-TRIG virus. Antibodies to cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses had reduced cross-reactivity to A(H3N2)v compared to other cluster IV H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p viruses. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene indicated that although rH3N2p and A(H3N2)v are related to cluster IV of H3N2-TRIG, some recent rH3N2p isolates appeared to be forming a separate cluster along with the human isolates of A(H3N2)v. Continued monitoring of these H3N2 viruses is necessary to evaluate the evolution and potential loss of population immunity in swine and humans.

  10. Regional assessment of NLEAP NO3-N leaching indices

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wylie, B.K.; Shaffer, M.J.; Hall, M.D.

    1995-01-01

    Nonpoint source ground water contamination by nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leached from agricultural lands can be substantial and increase health risks to humans and animals. Accurate and rapid methods are needed to identify and map localities that have a high potential for contamination of shallow aquifers with NO3-N leached from agriculture. Evaluation of Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) indices and input variables across an irrigated agricultural area on an alluvial aquifer in Colorado indicated that all leaching indices tested were more strongly correlated with aquifer NO3-N concentration than with aquifer N mass. Of the indices and variables tested, the NO3-N Leached (NL) index was the NLEAP index most strongly associated with groundwater NO3-N concentration (r2 values from 0.37 to 0.39). NO3-N concentration of the leachate was less well correlated with ground water NO3-N concentration (r2values from 0.21 to 0.22). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, although inorganic and organic/inorganic fertilizer scenarios had similar r2 values, the Feedlot Indicator (proximity) variable was significant over and above the NO3-N Leached index for the inorganic scenario. The analysis also showed that combination of either Movement Risk Index (MIRI) or NO3-N concentration of the leachate with the NO3-N Leached index leads to an improved regression, which provides insight into area-wide associations between agricultural activities and ground water NO3-N concentration.

  11. Determination of LongR3-IGF-I, R3-IGF-I, Des1-3 IGF-I and their metabolites in human plasma samples by means of LC-MS.

    PubMed

    Thomas, Andreas; Walpurgis, Katja; Delahaut, Philippe; Fichant, Eric; Schänzer, Wilhelm; Thevis, Mario

    2017-08-01

    According to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), growth promoting peptides such as the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its synthetic analogues belong to the class of prohibited compounds. While several assays to quantify endogenous IGF-I have been established, the potential misuse of synthetic analogues such as LongR 3 -IGF-I, R 3 -IGF-I and Des1-3-IGF-I remains a challenge and superior pharmacokinetic properties have been described for these analogues. Within the present study, it was demonstrated that the target peptides can be successfully detected in plasma samples by means of magnetic beads-based immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nanoscale liquid chromatographic separation with high resolution mass spectrometric detection. Noteworthy, the usage of a specific antibody for LongR 3 -IGF-I enables the determination in low ng/mL levels despite the presence of an enormous excess of endogenous human IGF-I. In addition, different metabolism studies (in-vitro and in-vivo) were performed using sophisticated strategies such as incubation with skin tissue microsomes, degradation in biological fluids (for all analogues), and administration to rats (for LongR 3 -IGF-I). Herewith, several C-and N-terminally truncated metabolites were identified and their relevancy was additionally confirmed by in-vivo experiments with rodents. Especially for LongR 3 -IGF-I, a metabolite ((Des1-11)-LongR 3 -IGF-I) was identified that prolonged the detectability in-vivo by a factor of approximately 2. The method was validated for qualitative interpretation considering the parameters specificity, identification capability, recovery (26-60%), limit of detection (0.5ng/mL), imprecision (<25%), linearity, stability, and matrix effects. A stable isotope labelled ( 15 N)-IGF-I was used as internal standard to control all sample preparation steps. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Telephone Interview Audience Analysis of WPSX-TV--its Measurement and Evaluation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dubin, Samuel S.; And Others

    The results of a telephone survey were used to estimate that 156,000 families watch WPSX-TV, an Educational television station located in central Pennsylvania. Of the sample contacted (N=1,984) 78% watched the station at least once a week and 15% watched daily. During the telephone interview 80% of the respondents agreed to fill out a follow-up…

  13. Synthesis, spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, DFT calculations, DNA binding and molecular docking of a propargyl arms containing Schiff base.

    PubMed

    Balakrishnan, C; Subha, L; Neelakantan, M A; Mariappan, S S

    2015-11-05

    A propargyl arms containing Schiff base (L) was synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-hydroxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethanone with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The structure of L was characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV-Visible spectral behavior of L in different solvents exhibits positive solvatochromism. Density functional calculation of the L in gas phase was performed by using DFT (B3LYP) method with 6-31G basis set. The computed vibrational frequencies and NMR signals of L were compared with the experimental data. Tautomeric stability study inferred that the enolimine is more stable than the ketoamine form. The charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Electronic absorption and emission spectral studies were used to study the binding of L with CT-DNA. The molecular docking was done to identify the interaction of L with A-DNA and B-DNA. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. "TV Guide": Images of the Status Quo, 1970-1979.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dye, Jean E.; Harmon, Mark D.

    1987-01-01

    Analyzes 521 "TV Guide" cover stories from 1970-1979, examining their power to influence television audiences. Asserts that, although viewer options increased substantially throughout the 1970s, "TV Guide" failed to keep pace with those changes. (MM)

  15. The delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-(3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide] synergistically enhances the locomotor-activating effects of some psychomotor stimulants, but not direct dopamine agonists, in rats.

    PubMed

    Jutkiewicz, Emily M; Baladi, Michelle G; Folk, John E; Rice, Kenner C; Woods, James H

    2008-02-01

    The nonpeptidic delta-opioid agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-(3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide] produces many stimulant-like behavioral effects in rodents and monkeys, such as locomotor stimulation, generalization to cocaine in discrimination procedures, and antiparkinsonian effects. Tolerance to the locomotor-stimulating effects of SNC80 develops after a single administration of SNC80 in rats; it is not known whether cross-tolerance develops to the effects of other stimulant compounds. In the initial studies to determine whether SNC80 produced cross-tolerance to other stimulant compounds, it was discovered that amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity was greatly enhanced in SNC80-pretreated rats. This study evaluated acute cross-tolerance between delta-opioid agonists and other locomotor-stimulating drugs. Locomotor activity was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with radiotransmitters, and activity levels were recorded in the home cage environment. Three-hour SNC80 pretreatment produced tolerance to further delta-opioid receptor stimulation but also augmented greatly amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatments with other delta-opioid agonists, (+)BW373U86 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-3-hydroxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide] and oxymorphindole (17-methyl-6,7-dehydro-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-6,7,2',3'-indolomorphinan), also modified amphetamine-induced activity levels. SNC80 pretreatment enhanced the stimulatory effects of the dopamine/norepinephrine transporter ligands cocaine and nomifensine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-8-isoquinolinanmine maleate salt), but not the direct dopamine receptor agonists SKF81297 [R-(+)-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide] and quinpirole [trans-(-)-(4alphaR)-4,4a, 5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g] quinoline

  16. DcR3, a new biomarker for sepsis, correlates with infection severity and procalcitonin.

    PubMed

    Gao, Liqin; Yang, Bin; Zhang, Hairong; Ou, Qishui; Lin, Yulan; Zhang, Mei; Zhang, Zhenhuan; Kim, Sunghee; Wu, Bing; Wang, Zeng; Fu, Lengxi; Lin, Jingan; Chen, Ruiqing; Lan, Ruilong; Chen, Junying; Chen, Wei; Chen, Long; Zhang, Hengshan; Han, Deping; Chen, Jingrong; Okunieff, Paul; Lin, Jianhua; Zhang, Lurong

    2018-02-16

    Early diagnosis of sepsis is critical for successful treatment. The clinical value of DcR3 in early diagnosis of sepsis was determined in a dynamic follow-up study. Alterations in plasma levels of DcR3, PCT, CRP, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA and compared among patients with sepsis ( n = 134), SIRS ( n = 60) and normal adults ( n = 50). Correlations and dynamic patterns among the biomarkers, APACHE II scores, clinical outcomes, and pathogens were also examined. Plasma DcR3 was significantly increased in sepsis compared to SIRS and normal adults (median 3.87 vs. 1.28 and 0.17 ng/ml). The elevated DcR3 could be detected in 97.60% sepsis patients 1-2 days prior to the result of blood culture reported. For diagnosis of sepsis, the sensitivity was 97.69% and specificity 98.04%; and for differential diagnosis of sepsis from SIRS, the sensitivity was 90.77% and specificity 98.40%. DcR3 level was positively correlated with severity of sepsis ( r s = 0.82). In 41 patients who died of sepsis, DcR3 elevated as early as 1-2 days before blood culture and peaked on day 3 after blood culture performed. In 90% of sepsis patients, the dynamic alteration pattern of DcR3 was identical to that of PCT, while pattern of 10% patients differed in which clinical data was consistent with DcR3. In 13% sepsis patients, while PCT remained normal, DcR3 levels were at a high level. DcR3 levels had no difference among various pathogens infected. DcR3, a new biomarker, will aid in early diagnosis of sepsis and monitoring its outcome, especially when sepsis patients were PCT negative.

  17. Monomers for thermosetting and toughening epoxy resins. [glycidyl amine derivatives, propargyl-containing amines, and mutagenic testing of aromatic diamines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pratt, J. R.

    1981-01-01

    Eight glycidyl amines were prepared by alkylating the parent amine with epichlorohydrin to form chlorohydrin, followed by cyclization with aqueous NaOH. Three of these compounds contained propargyl groups with postcuring studies. A procedure for quantitatively estimating the epoxy content of these glycidyl amines was employed for purity determination. Two diamond carbonates and several model propargly compounds were prepared. The synthesis of three new diamines, two which contain propargyloxy groups, and another with a sec-butyl group is in progress. These materials are at the dinitro stage ready for the final hydrogenation step. Four aromatic diamines were synthesized for mutagenic testing purposes. One of these compounds rapidly decomposes on exposure to air.

  18. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of [3H]PSB-0413, a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors.

    PubMed

    El-Tayeb, Ali; Griessmeier, Kerstin J; Müller, Christa E

    2005-12-15

    The selective antagonist radioligand [(3)H]2-propylthioadenosine-5'-adenylic acid (1,1-dichloro-1-phosphonomethyl-1-phosphonyl) anhydride ([(3)H]PSB-0413) was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of its propargyl precursor with a high specific radioactivity of 74Ci/mmol. In preliminary saturation binding studies, [(3)H]PSB-0413 showed high affinity for platelet P2Y(12) receptors with a K(D) value of 4.57nM. Human platelets had a high density of P2Y(12) receptors exhibiting a B(max) value of 7.66pmol/mg of protein.

  19. The Impact of TV Viewing Motivations on Psychological and Sociocultural Adjustment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, Guo-Ming

    A study examined the impact of TV viewing motivations on 126 Asian students' psychological and sociocultural adjustment. Subjects were enrolled in a midsize university in the New England area. TV viewing motivation was measured by A. M. Rubin's TV Viewing Motivations Scale. Psychological adjustment was measured by W. Zung's Self Rating Depression…

  20. Lessons Learned from the Wide Field Camera 3 TV1 Test Campaign and Correlation Effort

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Peabody, Hume; Stavley, Richard; Bast, William

    2007-01-01

    In January 2004, shortly after the Columbia accident, future servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) were cancelled. In response to this, further work on the Wide Field Camera 3 instrument was ceased. Given the maturity level of the design, a characterization thermal test (TV1) was completed in case the mission was re-instated or an alternate mission found on which to fly the instrument. This thermal test yielded some valuable lessons learned with respect to testing configurations and modeling/correlation practices, including: 1. Ensure that the thermal design can be tested 2. Ensure that the model has sufficient detail for accurate predictions 3. Ensure that the power associated with all active control devices is predicted 4. Avoid unit changes for existing models. This paper documents the difficulties presented when these recommendations were not followed.

  1. Gold catalysed synthesis of 3-alkoxyfurans at room temperature.

    PubMed

    Pennell, Matthew N; Foster, Robert W; Turner, Peter G; Hailes, Helen C; Tame, Christopher J; Sheppard, Tom D

    2014-02-09

    Synthetically important 3-alkoxyfurans can be prepared efficiently via treatment of acetal-containing propargylic alcohols (obtained from the addition of 3,3-diethoxypropyne to aldehydes) with 2 mol% gold catalyst in an alcohol solvent at room temperature. The resulting furans show useful reactivity in a variety of subsequent transformations.

  2. Genome-wide identification, functional prediction, and evolutionary analysis of the R2R3-MYB superfamily in Brassica napus.

    PubMed

    Hajiebrahimi, Ali; Owji, Hajar; Hemmati, Shiva

    2017-10-01

    R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to play important roles in plants, including in development and in various stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of 249 R2R3-MYB TFs in Brassica napus, called BnaR2R3-MYB TFs, clustered into 38 clades. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were distributed on 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Sixteen gene clusters were identified. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were characterized by motif prediction, gene structure analysis, and gene ontology. Evolutionary analysis revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are mainly formed as a result of whole-genome duplication. Orthologs and paralogs of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were identified in B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana using synteny-based methods. Purifying selection was pervasive within R2R3-MYB TFs. K n /K s values lower than 0.3 indicated that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are being functionally converged. The role of gene conversion in the formation of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs was significant. Cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regions of BnaR2R3-MYB genes, miRNA targeting BnaR2R3MYB TFs, and post translational modifications were identified. Digital expression data revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB genes were highly expressed in the roots and under high salinity treatment after 24 h. BnaMYB21, BnaMYB141, and BnaMYB148 have been suggested for improving salt-tolerant B. napus. BnaR2R3-MYB genes were mostly up regulated on the 14th day post inoculation with Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculan. BnaMYB150 is a candidate for increased tolerance to Leptospheria in B. napus.

  3. Childhood correlates of adult TV viewing time: a 32-year follow-up of the 1970 British Cohort Study

    PubMed Central

    Smith, L; Gardner, B; Hamer, M

    2015-01-01

    Background To identify, using a longitudinal data set, parental and childhood correlates of adult television (TV) viewing time at 32-year follow-up. Method Data were derived from the 1970 British Cohort Study, a longitudinal observational study of 17 248 British people born in a single week of 1970. The present analyses incorporated data from the age 10 and 42-year surveys. When participants were aged 10 years, their mothers provided information on how often participants watched TV and played sports (never/sometimes/often), and parents’ own occupation, as well as height and weight. A health visitor objectively assessed participants’ height and weight at age 10. Thirty-two years later, when participants were aged 42 years, they reported their daily TV viewing hours (none/0≤1/1<3/3<5/≥5), physical activity and health status. Associations between putative childhood and parental correlates and adult TV viewing time were investigated using logistic regression. Results Valid data at both time points were available for 6188 participants. Logistic regression models showed that those who reported ‘often’ watching TV at baseline were significantly more likely to watch >3 h/days of TV at follow-up (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.65), as were those whose father was from a lower socio-occupational class (intermediate, routine/manual) compared with managerial (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.11; OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.87). Body mass index (BMI) at age 10 was inversely associated with high TV in adulthood (per unit increase; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96) although fathers BMI when the child was aged 10 was positively associated with high TV in adulthood (per unit increase; OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06). Conclusions Findings suggest that childhood TV viewing time tracks into adulthood. Parents’ health behaviours and social position appear to be associated with their children's viewing habits, which may have important implications for the direction of future policy and

  4. R-matrix calculations for electron-impact excitation of C(+), N(2+), and O(3+) including fine structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Luo, D.; Pradhan, A. K.

    1990-01-01

    The new R-matrix package for comprehensive close-coupling calculations for electron scattering with the first three ions in the boron isoelectronic sequence, the astrophysically significant C(+), N(2+), and O(3+), is presented. The collision strengths are calculated in the LS coupling approximation, as well as in pair-coupling scheme, for the transitions among the fine-structure sublevels. Calculations are carried out at a large number of energies in order to study the detailed effects of autoionizing resonances.

  5. Spring Research Festival Highlighted on WHAG-TV | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    WHAG-TV (Hagerstown, Md.) visited Fort Detrick to highlight the 2015 Spring Research Festival (SRF), sponsored by the National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR). Visit the WHAG-TV website to see the video broadcast, which aired May 6. The video was produced by WHAG Reporter Mallory Sofastaii. The video featured Linganore High School senior Rebecca

  6. Early Childhood Risk Factors for Mealtime TV Exposure and Engagement in Low-Income Families.

    PubMed

    Domoff, Sarah E; Lumeng, Julie C; Kaciroti, Niko; Miller, Alison L

    To identify whether child and mother characteristics in early childhood predict TV exposure and engagement during mealtime in middle childhood. A total of 220 low-income mother-child dyads participated. Children were 4.26 years old (SD = 0.51) at baseline and 5.94 years (SD = 0.68) at 2-year follow-up. Mothers completed baseline measures of child negative emotionality and parenting practices. Family mealtimes were video recorded and coded for background TV exposure and child TV engagement. Multinomial logistic regression tested whether child emotionality and parenting practices during early childhood predicted risk of child TV exposure or engagement during mealtime, relative to no TV use, 2 years later. Children with greater negative emotionality in early childhood were more likely to engage with TV during mealtime than to have no TV. Similarly, early parenting disciplinary practices characterized by over-reactivity and laxness increased the risk for child TV engagement versus no TV during mealtime approximately 2 years later. We identified 2 factors that associated with an increased risk for TV viewing during meals. Helping parents manage child negative emotionality using positive parenting strategies might reduce later child TV engagement and improve the quality of family mealtimes. Copyright © 2016 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Early Childhood Risk Factors for Mealtime TV Exposure and Engagement in Low-Income Families

    PubMed Central

    Domoff, Sarah E.; Lumeng, Julie C.; Kaciroti, Niko; Miller, Alison L.

    2016-01-01

    OBJECTIVE To identify whether child and mother characteristics in early childhood predict TV exposure and engagement during mealtime in middle childhood. METHODS A total of 220 low-income mother-child dyads participated. Children were 4.26 years old (SD = 0.51) at baseline and 5.94 years (SD = 0.68) at two-year follow-up. Mothers completed baseline measures of child negative emotionality and parenting practices. Family mealtimes were video-recorded and coded for background TV exposure and child TV engagement. Multinomial logistic regression tested whether child emotionality and parenting practices during early childhood predicted risk of child TV exposure or engagement during mealtime, relative to no TV use, two years later. RESULTS Children with greater negative emotionality in early childhood were more likely to engage with TV during mealtime than to have no TV. Similarly, early parenting disciplinary practices characterized by over-reactivity and laxness increased the risk for child TV engagement versus no TV during mealtime approximately two years later. CONCLUSIONS We identified two factors that associated with an increased risk for TV viewing during meals. Helping parents manage child negative emotionality using positive parenting strategies may reduce later child TV engagement and improve the quality of family mealtimes. PMID:27979749

  8. A TV Reporter, an Adviser's Internship, a TV Anchor/Reporter, an Assignment Editor, a TV Photojournalist's Bag of Tricks.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patrow, Kris; Youngblood, Steve; Madden, Tracy; Hamburger, Jeff; Johnson, Kevin

    2000-01-01

    Intends to help high school journalism students understand the field they are preparing for by presenting brief descriptions of a day in the work life of a television news reporter, a TV anchor/reporter, and a television news assignment editor. Describes the five-week internship at a local television news station of a journalism instructor. (SR)

  9. Parenting and Preschooler TV Viewing in Low-Income Mexican Americans: Development of the Parenting Practices Regarding TV Viewing (PPRTV) Scale.

    PubMed

    Thompson, Darcy A; Johnson, Susan L; Vandewater, Elizabeth A; Schmiege, Sarah J; Boles, Richard E; Lev, Jerusha; Tschann, Jeanne M

    2016-01-01

    To develop and test a comprehensive, culturally based measure of parenting practices regarding television (TV) viewing in low-income Mexican-American mothers of preschoolers. Low-income Mexican-American female primary caregivers of preschoolers were recruited in urban safety-net pediatric clinics during the 2013 to 2014 academic year. Items on parenting practices regarding TV viewing were developed from a prior scale, review of the literature, and results from semistructured interviews. Items were administered by phone, and analyses included evaluation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of a 40-item measure of parenting practices regarding TV viewing (PPRTV). Using exploratory factor analysis, a 7-factor model emerged as the best fit for the data representing the following domains of parenting practices: time restriction, behavioral control, instructive practices, coviewing, planful restriction, reactive content restriction, and commercial endorsement. Internal reliabilities were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha >.75). Correlations among the resulting subscales were small to moderate (rs = 0.01-0.43). Subscales were correlated with child TV viewing amounts: time restriction (-0.14, p < .05); behavioral control (0.27, p < .001); coviewing (0.16, p < .01); planful restriction (-0.20, p < .001); and commercial endorsement (0.11, p < .05), which provides support for construct validity. The PPRTV scale measures 7 domains of parenting practices and has good initial reliability and validity. It allows investigators to conduct more in-depth evaluations of the role parents play in socializing young children on TV use. Results of such work will be important to informing the design of interventions aiming to ensure healthy screen media habits in young children.

  10. Trichomonas vaginalis cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinase (Tv-CatD) is positively regulated by glucose and degrades human hemoglobin.

    PubMed

    Mancilla-Olea, Maria Inocente; Ortega-López, Jaime; Figueroa-Angulo, Elisa E; Avila-González, Leticia; Cárdenas-Guerra, Rosa Elena; Miranda-Ozuna, Jesús F T; González-Robles, Arturo; Hernández-García, Mar Saraí; Sánchez-Ayala, Lizbeth; Arroyo, Rossana

    2018-04-01

    Trichomonas vaginalis genome encodes ∼440 proteases, six of which are aspartic proteases (APs). However, only one belongs to a clan AA (EC 3.4.23.5), family A1 (pepsin A), cathepsin D-like protease. This AP is encoded by an 1113-bp gene (tv-catd), which translates into a 370-aa residues zymogen of 40.7-kDa and a theoretical pI of 4.6, generating a ∼35 kDa active enzyme after maturation (Tv-CatD). The goal of this study was to identify and analyze the effect of glucose on the expression of Tv-CatD at the transcript and protein levels, subcellular localization, and proteolytic activity. The qRT-PCR assays showed a ∼2-fold increase in tv-catd mRNA under high-glucose (HG) conditions compared to glucose-restriction (GR) conditions. We amplified, cloned, and expressed the tv-catd gene, and purified the recombinant precursor enzyme (Tv-CatDr) to generate a polyclonal antibody (anti-Tv-CatDr). Western blot (WB) and immunolocalization assays showed that glucose increases the amount of Tv-CatD in different subcellular localizations and in in vitro secretions. Additionally, Tv-CatD proteolytic activity was detected in protease-resistant extracts (PREs) using a synthetic fluorogenic peptide specific for cathepsin D/E APs at different pHs and in the presence of AP inhibitors. In a two-dimensional (2-DE) WB analysis of a PRE from parasites grown under GR and HG conditions, an anti-Tv-CatDr antibody detected a 35-kDa protein spot at pI 5.0 identified as the mature Tv-CatD form by mass spectrometry that showed proteolytic activity in 2-DE zymograms copolymerized with hemoglobin under both glucose conditions. Thus, Tv-CatD could be involved in trichomonal hemolysis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Association of TV watching with sleep problems in a church-going population.

    PubMed

    Serrano, Salim; Lee, Jerry W; Dehom, Salem; Tonstad, Serena

    2014-01-01

    Sensory stimuli/inactivity may affect sleep. Sleep problems are associated with multiple health problems. We assessed TV habits in the Adventist Health Study-2 at baseline and sleep problems in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study 1 to 4 years later. After exclusions, 3914 subjects split equally into TV watchers less than 2 hours per day or 2 or more hours per day. Watching TV 2 or more hours per day predicted problems falling asleep, middle of the night awakening, and waking early with inability to sleep again in multiple logistic regression. Excess TV watching disturbed sleep induction and quality, though the relationship may be bidirectional. TV habits should be considered in individuals with sleep problems.

  12. Mediating effects of dietary intake on associations of TV viewing, body mass index and metabolic syndrome in adolescents

    PubMed Central

    McNaughton, S. A.; Lacy, K. E.; Dunstan, D. W.; Carson, V.; Salmon, J.

    2016-01-01

    Summary Objective Evidence suggests that TV viewing is associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. However, it is unclear whether dietary intake mediates these relationships. Methods A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted in adolescents (12–19 years) participating in the 2003–2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI z scores (zBMI) (n = 3,161) and MetS (n = 1,379) were calculated using age‐ and sex‐specific criteria for adolescents. TV viewing (h/day) was measured via a self‐reported questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed using two 24‐h recalls. Using the MacKinnon method, a series of mediation analyses were conducted examining five dietary mediators (total energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, discretionary snacks, sugar‐sweetened beverages and diet quality) of the relationships between TV viewing and zBMI and MetS. Results Small positive relationships were observed between TV viewing and zBMI (β = 0.99, p < 0.001) and TV viewing and MetS (OR = 1.18, p = 0.046). No dietary element appeared to mediate the relationship between TV viewing and zBMI. However, sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and fruit and vegetable intake partially mediated the relationship between TV viewing and MetS, explaining 8.7% and 4.1% of the relationship, respectively. Conclusions These findings highlight the complexity of the relationships between TV viewing, dietary intake and cardiometabolic health outcomes, and that TV viewing should remain a target for interventions. PMID:27708839

  13. A Brazilian educational experiment: teleradiology on web TV.

    PubMed

    Silva, Angélica Baptista; de Amorim, Annibal Coelho

    2009-01-01

    Since 2004, educational videoconferences have been held in Brazil for paediatric radiologists in training. The RUTE network has been used, a high-speed national research and education network. Twelve videoconferences were recorded by the Health Channel and transformed into TV programmes, both for conventional broadcast and for access via the Internet. Between October 2007 and December 2009 the Health Channel website registered 2378 hits. Our experience suggests that for successful recording of multipoint videoconferences, four areas are important: (1) a pre-planned script is required, for both physicians and film-makers; (2) particular care is necessary when editing the audiovisual material; (3) the audio and video equipment requires careful adjustment to preserve clinical discussions and the quality of radiology images; (4) to produce a product suitable for both TV sets and computer devices, the master tape needs to be encoded in low resolution digital video formats for Internet media (wmv and rm format for streaming, and compressed zip files for downloading) and MPEG format for DVDs.

  14. Up-regulation of miR-325-3p suppresses pineal aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury in rats.

    PubMed

    Yang, Yuanyuan; Sun, Bin; Huang, Jian; Xu, Lixiao; Pan, Jian; Fang, Chen; Li, Mei; Li, Gen; Tao, Yanfang; Yang, Xiaofeng; Wu, Ying; Miao, Po; Wang, Ying; Li, Hong; Ren, Jing; Zhan, Meiqin; Fang, Yiping; Feng, Xing; Ding, Xin

    2017-08-01

    Survivors of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), besides impairment of psychomotor development, often develop circadian rhythm disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we first verified that mRNA and protein expression of pineal aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat), a key regulator for melatonin (MT) synthesis, along with MT, were severely impaired after HIBD. In addition, we demonstrated that neonatal HIBD disrupted the circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activities in juvenile rats. Based on bioinformatics analysis of a high throughput screening of miRNA expression changes after HIBD (Ding et al., 2015), we identified one microRNA, miR-325-3p, as a potential candidate responsible for the down regulation of Aanat after HIBD. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a specific interaction between miR-325-3p and Aanat mRNA 3'-UTR. miR-325-3p blocked norepinephrine (NE) induced Aanat activation in cultured pinealocytes. In addition, miR-325-3p inhibition partially rescued Aanat induction by NE, which was significantly reduced under oxygen glucose deprivation. By elucidating the role of pineal miR-325-3p on Aanat expression upon injury, our study provides new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of circadian dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets after HIBD. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. The relationship between TV/computer time and adolescents' health-promoting behavior: a secondary data analysis.

    PubMed

    Chen, Mei-Yen; Liou, Yiing-Mei; Wu, Jen-Yee

    2008-03-01

    Television and computers provide significant benefits for learning about the world. Some studies have linked excessive television (TV) watching or computer game playing to disadvantage of health status or some unhealthy behavior among adolescents. However, the relationships between watching TV/playing computer games and adolescents adopting health promoting behavior were limited. This study aimed to discover the relationship between time spent on watching TV and on leisure use of computers and adolescents' health promoting behavior, and associated factors. This paper used secondary data analysis from part of a health promotion project in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was used and purposive sampling was conducted among adolescents in the original project. A total of 660 participants answered the questions appropriately for this work between January and June 2004. Findings showed the mean age of the respondents was 15.0 +/- 1.7 years. The mean numbers of TV watching hours were 2.28 and 4.07 on weekdays and weekends respectively. The mean hours of leisure (non-academic) computer use were 1.64 and 3.38 on weekdays and weekends respectively. Results indicated that adolescents spent significant time watching TV and using the computer, which was negatively associated with adopting health-promoting behaviors such as life appreciation, health responsibility, social support and exercise behavior. Moreover, being boys, being overweight, living in a rural area, and being middle-school students were significantly associated with spending long periods watching TV and using the computer. Therefore, primary health care providers should record the TV and non-academic computer time of youths when conducting health promotion programs, and educate parents on how to become good and healthy electronic media users.

  16. TV Crime Reporter Missed Clues | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

    MedlinePlus

    ... JavaScript on. Feature: Women and Heart Disease TV Crime Reporter Missed Clues Past Issues / Spring 2016 Table ... heart attack at the age of 36. A crime reporter for WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C., ...

  17. Test of 3D CT reconstructions by EM + TV algorithm from undersampled data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Evseev, Ivan; Ahmann, Francielle; Silva, Hamilton P. da

    2013-05-06

    Computerized tomography (CT) plays an important role in medical imaging for diagnosis and therapy. However, CT imaging is connected with ionization radiation exposure of patients. Therefore, the dose reduction is an essential issue in CT. In 2011, the Expectation Maximization and Total Variation Based Model for CT Reconstruction (EM+TV) was proposed. This method can reconstruct a better image using less CT projections in comparison with the usual filtered back projection (FBP) technique. Thus, it could significantly reduce the overall dose of radiation in CT. This work reports the results of an independent numerical simulation for cone beam CT geometry withmore » alternative virtual phantoms. As in the original report, the 3D CT images of 128 Multiplication-Sign 128 Multiplication-Sign 128 virtual phantoms were reconstructed. It was not possible to implement phantoms with lager dimensions because of the slowness of code execution even by the CORE i7 CPU.« less

  18. Evaluation of the OSC-TV iterative reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam optical CT.

    PubMed

    Matenine, Dmitri; Mascolo-Fortin, Julia; Goussard, Yves; Després, Philippe

    2015-11-01

    The present work evaluates an iterative reconstruction approach, namely, the ordered subsets convex (OSC) algorithm with regularization via total variation (TV) minimization in the field of cone-beam optical computed tomography (optical CT). One of the uses of optical CT is gel-based 3D dosimetry for radiation therapy, where it is employed to map dose distributions in radiosensitive gels. Model-based iterative reconstruction may improve optical CT image quality and contribute to a wider use of optical CT in clinical gel dosimetry. This algorithm was evaluated using experimental data acquired by a cone-beam optical CT system, as well as complementary numerical simulations. A fast GPU implementation of OSC-TV was used to achieve reconstruction times comparable to those of conventional filtered backprojection. Images obtained via OSC-TV were compared with the corresponding filtered backprojections. Spatial resolution and uniformity phantoms were scanned and respective reconstructions were subject to evaluation of the modulation transfer function, image uniformity, and accuracy. The artifacts due to refraction and total signal loss from opaque objects were also studied. The cone-beam optical CT data reconstructions showed that OSC-TV outperforms filtered backprojection in terms of image quality, thanks to a model-based simulation of the photon attenuation process. It was shown to significantly improve the image spatial resolution and reduce image noise. The accuracy of the estimation of linear attenuation coefficients remained similar to that obtained via filtered backprojection. Certain image artifacts due to opaque objects were reduced. Nevertheless, the common artifact due to the gel container walls could not be eliminated. The use of iterative reconstruction improves cone-beam optical CT image quality in many ways. The comparisons between OSC-TV and filtered backprojection presented in this paper demonstrate that OSC-TV can potentially improve the rendering of

  19. Enantioselective quantitation of the ecstasy compound (R)- and (S)-N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and its major metabolites in human plasma and urine.

    PubMed

    Buechler, Jochen; Schwab, Matthias; Mikus, Gerd; Fischer, Beate; Hermle, Leo; Marx, Claudia; Grön, Georg; Spitzer, Manfred; Kovar, Karl Artur

    2003-08-15

    An enantioselective HPLC method has been developed and validated for the stereospecific analysis of N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE) and its major metabolites N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HME) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). These compounds have been analyzed both from human plasma and urine after administration of 70 mg pure MDE-hydrochloride enantiomers to four subjects. The samples were prepared by hydrolysis of the o-glucuronate and sulfate conjugates using beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase and solid-phase extraction with a cation-exchange phase. A chiral stationary protein phase (chiral-CBH) was used for the stereoselective determination of MDE, HME and MDA in a single HPLC run using sodium dihydrogenphosphate, ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt and isopropanol as the mobile phase (pH 6.44) and fluorimetric detection (lambda(ex) 286 nm, lambda(em) 322 nm). Moreover, a suitable internal standard (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine) was synthesized and qualified for quantitation purposes. The method showed high recovery rates (>95%) and limits of quantitation for MDE and MDA of 5 ng/ml and for HME of 10 ng/ml. The RSDs for all working ranges of MDE, MDA and HME in plasma and urine, respectively, were less than 1.5%. After validation of the analytical methods in plasma and urine samples pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentrations of (R)-MDE exceeded those of the S-enantiomer (ratio R:S of the area under the curve, 3.1) and the plasma half time of (R)-MDE was longer than that of (S)-MDE (7.9 vs. 4.0 h). In contrast, the stereochemical disposition of the MDE metabolites HME and MDA was reversed. Concentrations of the (S)-metabolites in plasma of volunteers were much higher than those of the (R)-enantiomers.

  20. Parenting practices regarding TV viewing in low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers: Development of the Parenting Practices Regarding TV Viewing (PPRTV) scale

    PubMed Central

    Thompson, Darcy A.; Johnson, Susan L.; Vandewater, Elizabeth A.; Schmiege, Sarah J.; Boles, Richard E.; Lev, Jerusha; Tschann, Jeanne M.

    2016-01-01

    Objective To develop and test a comprehensive, culturally-based measure of parenting practices regarding TV viewing in low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Methods Low-income Mexican American female primary caregivers of preschoolers were recruited in urban safety-net pediatric clinics during the 2013-14 academic year. Items on parenting practices regarding TV viewing were developed from a prior scale, review of the literature, and results from semi-structured interviews. Items were administered by phone and analyses included evaluation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of a 40-item measure of Parenting Practices Regarding TV Viewing (PPRTV). Results Using exploratory factor analysis, a 7-factor model emerged as the best fit for the data representing the following domains of parenting practices: Time Restriction, Behavioral Control, Instructive Practices, Coviewing, Planful Restriction, Reactive Content Restriction, and Commercial Endorsement. Internal reliabilities were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha> 0.75). Correlations among the resulting subscales were small to moderate (rs = 0.01-0.43). Subscales were correlated with child TV viewing amounts: Time Restriction (−0.14, p<0.05); Behavioral Control (0.27, p<0.001); Coviewing (0.16, p<0.01); Planful Restriction (−0.20, p<0.001); Commercial Endorsement (0.11, p<0.05), which provides support for construct validity. Conclusion The Parenting Practices Regarding TV Viewing (PPRTV) scale measures 7 domains of parenting practices, and has good initial reliability and validity. It allows investigators to conduct more in-depth evaluations of the role parents play in socializing young children on TV use. Results of such work will be important to informing the design of interventions aiming to ensure healthy screen media habits in young children. PMID:27355878

  1. A fast 4D cone beam CT reconstruction method based on the OSC-TV algorithm.

    PubMed

    Mascolo-Fortin, Julia; Matenine, Dmitri; Archambault, Louis; Després, Philippe

    2018-01-01

    Four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography allows for temporally resolved imaging with useful applications in radiotherapy, but raises particular challenges in terms of image quality and computation time. The purpose of this work is to develop a fast and accurate 4D algorithm by adapting a GPU-accelerated ordered subsets convex algorithm (OSC), combined with the total variation minimization regularization technique (TV). Different initialization schemes were studied to adapt the OSC-TV algorithm to 4D reconstruction: each respiratory phase was initialized either with a 3D reconstruction or a blank image. Reconstruction algorithms were tested on a dynamic numerical phantom and on a clinical dataset. 4D iterations were implemented for a cluster of 8 GPUs. All developed methods allowed for an adequate visualization of the respiratory movement and compared favorably to the McKinnon-Bates and adaptive steepest descent projection onto convex sets algorithms, while the 4D reconstructions initialized from a prior 3D reconstruction led to better overall image quality. The most suitable adaptation of OSC-TV to 4D CBCT was found to be a combination of a prior FDK reconstruction and a 4D OSC-TV reconstruction with a reconstruction time of 4.5 minutes. This relatively short reconstruction time could facilitate a clinical use.

  2. A limited-angle CT reconstruction method based on anisotropic TV minimization.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhiqiang; Jin, Xin; Li, Liang; Wang, Ge

    2013-04-07

    This paper presents a compressed sensing (CS)-inspired reconstruction method for limited-angle computed tomography (CT). Currently, CS-inspired CT reconstructions are often performed by minimizing the total variation (TV) of a CT image subject to data consistency. A key to obtaining high image quality is to optimize the balance between TV-based smoothing and data fidelity. In the case of the limited-angle CT problem, the strength of data consistency is angularly varying. For example, given a parallel beam of x-rays, information extracted in the Fourier domain is mostly orthogonal to the direction of x-rays, while little is probed otherwise. However, the TV minimization process is isotropic, suggesting that it is unfit for limited-angle CT. Here we introduce an anisotropic TV minimization method to address this challenge. The advantage of our approach is demonstrated in numerical simulation with both phantom and real CT images, relative to the TV-based reconstruction.

  3. [Presentation of age(ing) and elderly people in TV commercials].

    PubMed

    Hoppe, Theresa; Tischer, Ulrike; Philippsen, Christine; Hartmann-Tews, Ilse

    2016-06-01

    From the results of different studies it is known that stereotyped images about ageing and elderly people frame and influence the attitudes, beliefs and activities of elderly people and also influence the interaction of others with elderly people. The purpose of this study was to assess the currently portrayed images of elderly people, age and ageing in television (TV) advertisements. The study was based on a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of commercials presented on four major TV networks, two private and two public TV broadcasting networks in Germany. The sample covered 114 different commercials which included 131 elderly actors (approximately 50 + years). The results show that the products most often portrayed in commercials with elderly people are related to food, followed by prescription drugs and health, insurance and hygiene products. Elderly people are still underrepresented in TV commercials. Their characters are portrayed with overwhelmingly positive attributes and traits. The findings suggest that TV advertisements create an ideal image of active and healthy ageing. Further research might explore to what extent elderly people take this ideal image of ageing as their own interpretive frame of orientation.

  4. Delivering Extension to the Living Room Using Internet TV

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rice, Grant G., III

    2014-01-01

    Television is a widely adopted source for viewing educational information. Unfortunately, producing a television show on network television can be costly and time consuming. Internet TV offers Extension video content producers the opportunity to create a niche topic channel quickly and at low cost. Internet TV offers viewers a low-cost and…

  5. The Obesogenic Quality of the Home Environment: Associations with Diet, Physical Activity, TV Viewing, and BMI in Preschool Children

    PubMed Central

    Schrempft, Stephanie; van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H. M.; Fisher, Abigail; Wardle, Jane

    2015-01-01

    Objectives The home environment is thought to play a key role in early weight trajectories, although direct evidence is limited. There is general agreement that multiple factors exert small individual effects on weight-related outcomes, so use of composite measures could demonstrate stronger effects. This study therefore examined whether composite measures reflecting the ‘obesogenic’ home environment are associated with diet, physical activity, TV viewing, and BMI in preschool children. Methods Families from the Gemini cohort (n = 1096) completed a telephone interview (Home Environment Interview; HEI) when their children were 4 years old. Diet, physical activity, and TV viewing were reported at interview. Child height and weight measurements were taken by the parents (using standard scales and height charts) and reported at interview. Responses to the HEI were standardized and summed to create four composite scores representing the food (sum of 21 variables), activity (sum of 6 variables), media (sum of 5 variables), and overall (food composite/21 + activity composite/6 + media composite/5) home environments. These were categorized into ‘obesogenic risk’ tertiles. Results Children in ‘higher-risk’ food environments consumed less fruit (OR; 95% CI = 0.39; 0.27–0.57) and vegetables (0.47; 0.34–0.64), and more energy-dense snacks (3.48; 2.16–5.62) and sweetened drinks (3.49; 2.10–5.81) than children in ‘lower-risk’ food environments. Children in ‘higher-risk’ activity environments were less physically active (0.43; 0.32–0.59) than children in ‘lower-risk’ activity environments. Children in ‘higher-risk’ media environments watched more TV (3.51; 2.48–4.96) than children in ‘lower-risk’ media environments. Neither the individual nor the overall composite measures were associated with BMI. Conclusions Composite measures of the obesogenic home environment were associated as expected with diet, physical activity, and TV viewing

  6. Extracellular palladium-catalysed dealkylation of 5-fluoro-1-propargyl-uracil as a bioorthogonally activated prodrug approach

    PubMed Central

    Weiss, Jason T.; Dawson, John C.; Macleod, Kenneth G.; Rybski, Witold; Fraser, Craig; Torres-Sánchez, Carmen; Patton, E. Elizabeth; Bradley, Mark; Carragher, Neil O.; Unciti-Broceta, Asier

    2014-01-01

    A bioorthogonal organometallic reaction is a biocompatible transformation undergone by a synthetic material exclusively through the mediation of a non-biotic metal source; a selective process used to label biomolecules and activate probes in biological environs. Here we report the in vitro bioorthogonal generation of 5-fluorouracil from a biologically inert precursor by heterogeneous Pd0 catalysis. Although independently harmless, combined treatment of 5-fluoro-1-propargyl-uracil and Pd0-functionalized resins exhibits comparable antiproliferative properties to the unmodified drug in colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells. Live-cell imaging and immunoassay studies demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of the prodrug/Pd0-resin combination is due to the in situ generation of 5-fluorouracil. Pd0-resins can be carefully implanted in the yolk sac of zebrafish embryos and display excellent biocompatibility and local catalytic activity. The in vitro efficacy shown by this masking/activation strategy underlines its potential to develop a bioorthogonally activated prodrug approach and supports further in vivo investigations. PMID:24522696

  7. Direct effects of food cues seen during TV viewing on energy intake in young women.

    PubMed

    van Nee, Roselinde L; Larsen, Junilla K; Fisher, Jennifer O

    2016-06-01

    Few studies have examined direct effects of food cues presented within television (TV) programs on eating behavior in adults. This research experimentally determined whether exposure to food cues in TV programs affects energy intake during TV viewing among young women, independently from food cues presented in TV advertisements. The experiment involved a 2 (TV program with or without food cues) by 2 (TV advertisements with or without food cues) between-participants design. While watching TV, participants could freely eat peanut chocolate candies and crisps (potato chips). Participants were 121 young women (mean age = 19.6 years; mean BMI = 22.5). Participants who watched a TV program with food cues tended to have a lower total energy intake and ate significantly less peanut chocolate candies than participants who watched the same TV program without food cues. This effect was particularly pronounced among participants with a higher BMI. Food advertisements did not affect energy intake. Findings may indicate that subtle continuous food cues during TV programs could make young females more aware of their own eating and/or weight, leading to reduced intake of particularly sweet snack foods during TV viewing. Considering the non-significant trend for the effect of the TV program with food cues on total energy intake, findings should be replicated to provide possible tools for prevention campaigns using food cue reminders to watch one's intake. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Treatment response assessment with (R)-[11CPAQ PET in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Tegnebratt, T; Lu, L; Eksborg, S; Chireh, A; Damberg, P; Nikkhou-Aski, S; Foukakis, T; Rundqvist, H; Holmin, S; Kuiper, R V; Samen, E

    2018-04-03

    The goal of the study was to assess the potential of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2-targeting carbon-11 labeled (R)-N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-((1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)methoxy)-4-quinazolineamine ((R)-[ 11 C]PAQ) as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker for evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs in preclinical models. MMTV-PyMT mice were treated with vehicle alone (VEH), murine anti-VEGFA antibody (B20-4.1.1), and paclitaxel (PTX) in combination or as single agents. The treatment response was measured with (R)-[ 11 C]PAQ PET as standardized uptake value (SUV) mean , SUV max relative changes at the baseline (day 0) and follow-up (day 4) time points, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived PyMT mammary tumor volume (TV) changes. Expression of Ki67, VEGFR-2, and CD31 in tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Non-parametric statistical tests were used to evaluate the relation between (R)-[ 11 C]PAQ radiotracer uptake and therapy response biomarkers. The (R)-[ 11 C]PAQ SUV max in tumors was significantly reduced after 4 days in the B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational and B20-4.1.1 monotherapy groups (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.003, respectively). No significant change was observed in the PTX monotherapy group. There was a significant difference in the SUV max change between the VEH group and B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational group, as well as between the VEH group and the B20-4.1.1 monotherapy group (p < 0.05). MRI revealed significant decreases in TV in the B20-4.1.1/PTX treatment group (p < 0.005) but not the other therapy groups. A positive trend was observed between the (R)-[ 11 C]PAQ SUV max change and TV reduction in the B20-4.1.1/PTX group. Statistical testing showed a significant difference in the blood vessel density between the B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational group and the VEH group (p < 0.05) but no significant difference in the Ki67 positive signal between treatment groups

  9. Microbial Routes to (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.

    PubMed

    Xie, Neng-Zhong; Chen, Xian-Rui; Wang, Qing-Yan; Chen, Dong; Du, Qi-Shi; Zhou, Guo-Ping; Huang, Ri-Bo

    2017-01-01

    (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol has many industrial applications, such as it is used as an antifreeze agent and low freezing point fuel. In addition, it is particularly important to provide chiral groups in drugs. In recent years, this valuable bio-based chemical has attracted increasing attention, and significant progress has been made in the development of microbial cell factories for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. This article reviews recent advances and challenges in microbial routes to (2R,3R)-2,3- butanediol production, and highlights the metabolic engineering and synthetic biological approaches used to improve titers, yields, productivities, and optical purities. Finally, a systematic and integrative strategy for developing high-performance microbial cell factories is proposed. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  10. 3D asthenopia in horizontal deviation.

    PubMed

    Kim, Seung-Hyun; Suh, Young-Woo; Yun, Cheol-Min; Yoo, Eun-Joo; Yeom, Ji-Hyun; Cho, Yoonae A

    2013-05-01

    This study was conducted to investigate the asthenopic symptoms in patients with exotropia and esotropia while watching stereoscopic 3D (S3D) television (TV). A total 77 subjects who more than 9 years of age were enrolled in this study. We divided them into three groups; Thirty-four patients with exodeviation (Exo group), 11 patients with esodeviation (Eso group) and 32 volunteers with normal binocular vision (control group). The S3D images were shown to all patients with S3D high-definition TV for a period of 20 min. Best corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, angle of strabismus, stereopsis test and history of strabismus surgery, were evaluated. After watching S3D TV for 20 min, a survey of subjective symptoms was conducted with a questionnaire to evaluate the degree of S3D perception and asthenopic symptoms such as headache, dizziness and ocular fatigue while watching 3D TV. The mean amounts of deviation in the Exo group and Eso group were 11.2 PD and 7.73PD, respectively. Mean stereoacuity was 102.7 arc sec in the the Exo group and 1389.1 arc sec in the Eso group. In the control group, it was 41.9 arc sec. Twenty-nine patients in the Exo group showed excellent stereopsis (≤60 arc sec at near), but all 11 subjects of the Eso group showed 140 arc sec or worse and showed more decreased 3D perception than the Exo and the control group (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). The Exo group reported more eye fatigue (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test) than the Eso and the control group. However, the scores of ocular fatigue in the patients who had undergone corrective surgery were less than in the patients who had not in the Exo group (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test) and the amount of exodeviation was not correlated with the asthenopic symptoms (dizziness, r = 0.034, p = 0.33; headache, r = 0.320, p = 0.119; eye fatigue, r = 0.135, p = 0.519, Spearman rank correlation test, respectively). Symptoms of 3D asthenopia were related to the presence of exodeviation but not to

  11. Dietary n-3 PUFA affect TcR-mediated activation of purified murine T cells and accessory cell function in co-cultures

    PubMed Central

    CHAPKIN, R S; ARRINGTON, J L; APANASOVICH, T V; CARROLL, R J; MCMURRAY, D N

    2002-01-01

    Diets enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) suppress several functions of murine splenic T cells by acting directly on the T cells and/or indirectly on accessory cells. In this study, the relative contribution of highly purified populations of the two cell types to the dietary suppression of T cell function was examined. Mice were fed diets containing different levels of n-3 PUFA; safflower oil (SAF; control containing no n-3 PUFA), fish oil (FO) at 2% and 4%, or 1% purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 2 weeks. Purified (>90%) T cells were obtained from the spleen, and accessory cells (>95% adherent, esterase-positive) were obtained by peritoneal lavage. Purified T cells or accessory cells from each diet group were co-cultured with the alternative cell type from every other diet group, yielding a total of 16 different co-culture combinations. The T cells were stimulated with either concanavalin A (ConA) or antibodies to the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex and the costimulatory molecule CD28 (αCD3/αCD28), and proliferation was measured after four days. Suppression of T cell proliferation in the co-cultures was dependent upon the dose of dietary n-3 PUFA fed to mice from which the T cells were derived, irrespective of the dietary treatment of accessory cell donors. The greatest dietary effect was seen in mice consuming the DHA diet (P = 0·034 in the anova; P = 0·0053 in the Trend Test), and was observed with direct stimulation of the T cell receptor and CD28 costimulatory ligand, but not with ConA. A significant dietary effect was also contributed accessory cells (P = 0·033 in the Trend Test). We conclude that dietary n-3 PUFA affect TcR-mediated by T cell activation by both direct and indirect (accessory cell) mechanisms. PMID:12296847

  12. Interactive TV: An Effective Instructional Mode for Adult Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, Li-Ling; Iris, Carole

    2004-01-01

    The inclusion of interactive television (iTV) programs for learning is an emerging genre in education. Literature has concluded that any aspect of learning requires some form of interaction or feedback to be most effective. As television (TV) evolves from being a passive to an active medium, it has the potential to engage learners and reach a mass…

  13. Phase relations in the pseudobinary systems RAO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: rare earth element and Y, A: Fe, Ga, Al, Cr and Mn) and syntheses of new compounds R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (2/3≤x≤3/4) at elevated temperatures in air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brown, Francisco; Jacobo-Herrera, Ivan; Alvarez-Montaño, Victor; Kimizuka, Noboru; Kurashina, Keiji; Michiue, Yuichi; Matsuo, Yoji; Mori, Shigeo; Ikeda, Naoshi; Medrano, Felipe

    2017-07-01

    Phase relations in the pseudo-binary systems RFeO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu, Ho and Dy), RGaO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu and Er), LuAlO3-Lu2Ti2O7 and RAO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu and Yb. A: Cr and Mn) at elevated temperatures in air were determined by means of a classic quenching method. There exist Lu(Fe1-xTix)O3+x/2, R(Ga1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu and Er) and Lu(Al1-xTix)O3+x/2 (2/3≤ x≤3/4) having the Yb(Fe1-xTix)O3+x/2-type of crystal structure (x=0.72, space group: R3m, a(Å)=17.9773 and c(Å)=16.978 as a hexagonal setting) in these pseudo binary systems. Eighteen compounds R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu-Sm and Y, A: Fe, Ga and Al) were newly synthesized and their lattice constants as a hexagonal setting were measured by means of the X-ray powder diffraction method. The R occupies the octahedral site and both A and Ti does the trigonalbipyramidal one in these compounds. Relation between lattice constants for the rhombic R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 and the monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 are as follows, ah≈5 x bm, ch≈3 x cm x sin β and am=31/2 x bm, where ah and ch are the lattice constants as a hexagonal setting for R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 and am, bm, cm and β are those of the monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2. Crystal structural relationships among α-InGaO3 (hexagonal, high pressure form, space group: P63/mmc), InGaO3 (rhombic, hypothetical), (RAO3)n(BO)m and RAO3(ZnO)m (R: Lu-Ho, Y and In, A: Fe, Ga, and Al, B: divalent cation element, m, n: natural number), the orthorhombic-and monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (A: Fe, Ga, Al, Cr and Mn) and the hexagonal-and rhombic R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu-Sm and Y, A: Fe, Ga and Al) are schematically presented. We concluded that the crystal structures of both the α-InGaO3 (high pressure form, hexagonal, space group: P63/mmc) and the hypothetical InGaO3 (rhombic) are the key structures for constructing the crystal structures of these compounds having the cations with CN=5.

  14. Lag-length effect on repetition priming of famous and unfamiliar faces: evidence from N250r and N400.

    PubMed

    Nie, Aiqing; Li, Minye; Ye, Jingheng

    2016-07-06

    Previous event-related potentials research has reliably identified two repetition priming components in faces, the N250r and the N400, which are believed to reflect, respectively, the accessing to the stored structural representations and the semantic retrieval. However, the effect of lags longer than immediate repetition and shorter than 3 min on the two components has not been described as yet, and the interaction between lag length and familiarity is unclear. The current experiment aims to address these issues. In this experiment, famous and unfamiliar faces were represented after short, medium, or long lags, and participants were required to decide whether each face was known or not. The data showed that the frontal N250r, rather than the temporal counterpart, persisted to the medium lag case for famous faces; for unfamiliar faces, no N250r was observed. The frontal N400 was more regulated by lag length than the centroparietal counterpart. These results suggest that the frontal N250r and the frontal N400 are affected by the lag length; moreover, the former is more sensitive to the pre-experimental familiarity of faces.

  15. Crystal structures of trimethoprim-resistant DfrA1 rationalize potent inhibition by propargyl-linked antifolates

    PubMed Central

    Lombardo, Michael N.; G-Dayanandan, Narendran; Wright, Dennis L.; Anderson, Amy C.

    2016-01-01

    Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, notably Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have become major health concerns worldwide. Resistance to effective therapeutics is often carried by class I and II integrons that can confer insensitivity to carbapenems, extended spectrum beta-lactamases, the antifolate trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Specifically of interest to the study here, a prevalent gene (dfrA1) coding for an insensitive dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) confers 190- or 1000-fold resistance to trimethoprim for K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. Attaining inhibition of both the wild-type and resistant forms of the enzyme is critical for new antifolates. For several years, we have been developing the propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs) as effective inhibitors against trimethoprim-resistant DHFR enzymes. Here, we show that the PLAs are active against both the wild-type and DfrA1 DHFR proteins. We report two high resolution crystal structures of DfrA1 bound to potent PLAs. The structure-activity relationships and crystal structures will be critical in driving the design of broadly active inhibitors against wild-type and resistant DHFR. PMID:27624966

  16. Associations between TV viewing at family meals and the emotional atmosphere of the meal, meal healthfulness, child dietary intake, and child weight status.

    PubMed

    Trofholz, Amanda C; Tate, Allan D; Miner, Michael H; Berge, Jerica M

    2017-01-01

    Research on family meals has demonstrated that family meals are protective for many aspects of child and adolescent health. It is unclear whether distractions at family meals, such as watching TV, are associated with child weight and weight-related behaviors, the emotional atmosphere at the meal, or family meal healthfulness. Direct observational and objective data were collected on primarily low-income and minority families (n = 120) with 6-12 year old children. Data were collected during home visits and included 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometry, and video-recorded family meals. Video-recorded family meals were coded to assess the presence of TV, whether the family was paying attention to the TV, family group enjoyment and the dietary healthfulness of the foods served at family meals. The presence of TV was negatively associated with the dietary healthfulness and emotional atmosphere of the meal and the child's overall dietary quality. It was positively associated with serving fast food for family meals. Those families who were paying attention to the TV had significantly worse meal dietary healthfulness and were more likely to have fast food at family meals compared to those who were not paying attention. No significant findings were found between the presence of TV at family meals and child overweight status. Study results show that TV is frequently present at family meals. Even if families are not paying attention to the TV, it appears that simply having the TV on as background noise is associated with deleterious outcomes. In addition to increasing family meals, families should be given guidance on turning off the TV and making the family meal a time to connect with one another. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Associations between TV Viewing at Family Meals and the Emotional Atmosphere of the Meal, Meal Healthfulness, Child Dietary Intake, and Child Weight Status

    PubMed Central

    Trofholz, Amanda C.; Tate, Allan D.; Miner, Michael H.; Berge, Jerica M.

    2016-01-01

    Background Research on family meals has demonstrated that family meals are protective for many aspects of child and adolescent health. It is unclear whether distractions at family meals, such as watching TV, are associated with child weight and weight-related behaviors, the emotional atmosphere at the meal, or family meal healthfulness. Methods Direct observational and objective data were collected on primarily low-income and minority families (n=120) with 6–12 year old children. Data were collected during home visits and included 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometry, and video-recorded family meals. Video-recorded family meals were coded to assess the presence of TV, whether the family was paying attention to the TV, family group enjoyment and the dietary healthfulness of the foods served at family meals. Results The presence of TV was negatively associated with the dietary healthfulness and emotional atmosphere of the meal and the child’s overall dietary quality. It was positively associated with serving fast food for family meals. Those families who were paying attention to the TV had significantly worse meal dietary healthfulness and were more likely to have fast food at family meals compared to those who were not paying attention. No significant findings were found between the presence of TV at family meals and child overweight status. Conclusions Study results show that TV is frequently present at family meals. Even if families are not paying attention to the TV, it appears that simply having the TV on as background noise is associated with deleterious outcomes. In addition to increasing family meals, families should be given guidance on turning off the TV and making the family meal a time to connect with one another. PMID:27756638

  18. Does TV viewing during family meals make a difference in adolescent substance use?

    PubMed

    Eisenberg, Marla E; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; Feldman, Shira

    2009-06-01

    Family meals are important to adolescent health, but relatively little is known about TV viewing during family meals. The present paper examines the role that TV viewing during family meals may have on substance use behaviors among adolescents. A diverse sample of 806 Minnesota high school students (mean age 17.2 years) provided survey data in 2003-2004 regarding family meal frequency, substance use behavior and general family connectedness. General linear modeling was used to compare substance use across three family meal/TV categories in a cross-sectional analysis. 28.6% of participants ate regular family meals without TV, and 27.5% had regular family meals while watching TV. Significant differences in cigarette smoking, alcohol and marijuana use were found for females reporting regular family meals versus no regular family meals, but did not differ significantly by TV viewing. No significant differences were found across groups of males. Results from this study indicate that TV viewing during family meals does not appear to attenuate the previously observed protective relationship between family meals and substance use for females. Benefits of family meals may be derived simply from having adolescents at home during mealtimes.

  19. Expedient and click synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations of novel 1,5-bis(N-substituted 1,2,3‒triazole) benzodiazepinedione scaffolds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paghandeh, Hossein; Saeidian, Hamid

    2018-04-01

    A practically reliable procedure for synthesis of new 1,5-bis(N-substituted 1,2,3‒triazole) benzodiazepinedione derivatives was reported by sequential amidation, propargylation and a click azide‒alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in a one pot fashion. The desired products were characterized by CHN analysis, 1H and 13C NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopy. Short reaction time, good yields (55-91%), mild reaction conditions and easily available and less expensive starting materials are advantages of this protocol. Natural bond orbital charge distribution and HOMO-LUMO analysis of the characterized structure of 4e have been also calculated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Li+ and Na+ ion affinities of 4e have been also investigated by DFT studies to find the applicability of these products as ligand in coordination chemistry. Sodium ion affinity of 4e was determined as 60 kJ mol-1 is less than its lithium ion affinity, indicating that the lithiation of 4e is more exothermic than the sodiation.

  20. AT–1001: a high-affinity α3β4 nAChR ligand with novel nicotine-suppressive pharmacology

    PubMed Central

    Cippitelli, Andrea; Wu, Jinhua; Gaiolini, Kelly A; Mercatelli, Daniela; Schoch, Jennifer; Gorman, Michelle; Ramirez, Alejandra; Ciccocioppo, Roberto; Khroyan, Taline V; Yasuda, Dennis; Zaveri, Nurulain T; Pascual, Conrado; Xie, Xinmin (Simon); Toll, Lawrence

    2015-01-01

    Background and Purpose The α3β4 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in mediating nicotine reinforcement processes. AT-1001 has been recently described as a high-affinity and selective α3β4 nAChR antagonist that blocks nicotine self-administration in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the nicotine-suppressive effects of AT-1001. Experimental Approach Effects of AT-1001 were determined using in vitro assays and rat models of nicotine addiction, and compared with varenicline. Key Results AT-1001 and its analogue AT-1012 were functionally selective as antagonists for α3β4 over α4β2 nAChRs, but not to the same extent as the binding selectivity, and had partial agonist activity at α3β4 nAChRs. In contrast, varenicline was a partial agonist at α4β2, a weak agonist at α3β4 and inhibited α4β2 at a much lower concentration than it inhibited α3β4 nAChRs. AT-1001 and varenicline also had very different in vivo properties. Firstly, AT-1001 did not exhibit reinforcing properties per se while varenicline was self-administered. Secondly, systemic treatment with AT-1001 did not induce reinstatement of nicotine seeking but rather attenuated reinstatement induced by varenicline, as well as nicotine. Finally, unlike varenicline, AT-1001 selectively blocked nicotine self-administration without altering alcohol lever pressing as assessed in an operant co-administration paradigm. Conclusions and Implications These findings describe a more complex AT-1001 in vitro profile than previously appreciated and provide further support for the potential of AT-1001 and congeners as clinically useful compounds for smoking cessation, with a mechanism of action distinct from currently available medications. PMID:25440006

  1. Fractional-order TV-L2 model for image denoising

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Dali; Sun, Shenshen; Zhang, Congrong; Chen, YangQuan; Xue, Dingyu

    2013-10-01

    This paper proposes a new fractional order total variation (TV) denoising method, which provides a much more elegant and effective way of treating problems of the algorithm implementation, ill-posed inverse, regularization parameter selection and blocky effect. Two fractional order TV-L2 models are constructed for image denoising. The majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm is used to decompose these two complex fractional TV optimization problems into a set of linear optimization problems which can be solved by the conjugate gradient algorithm. The final adaptive numerical procedure is given. Finally, we report experimental results which show that the proposed methodology avoids the blocky effect and achieves state-of-the-art performance. In addition, two medical image processing experiments are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology.

  2. Analysing the Image Building Effects of TV Advertisements Using Internet Community Data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uehara, Hiroshi; Sato, Tadahiko; Yoshida, Kenichi

    This paper proposes a method to measure the effects of TV advertisements on the Internet bulletin boards. It aims to clarify how the viewes' interests on TV advertisements are reflected on their images on the promoted products. Two kinds of time series data are generated based on the proposed method. First one represents the time series fluctuation of the interests on the TV advertisements. Another one represents the time series fluctuation of the images on the products. By analysing the correlations between these two time series data, we try to clarify the implicit relationship between the viewer's interests on the TV advertisement and their images on the promoted products. By applying the proposed method to an Internet bulletin board that deals with certain cosmetic brand, we show that the images on the products vary depending on the difference of the interests on each TV advertisement.

  3. Structure–Activity Relationships for a Novel Series of Dopamine D2-like Receptor Ligands Based on N-Substituted 3-Aryl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol

    PubMed Central

    Paul, Noel M.; Taylor, Michelle; Kumar, Rakesh; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Luedtke, Robert R.; Newman, Amy Hauck

    2011-01-01

    Discovering dopamine D2-like receptor subtype-selective ligands has been a focus of significant investigation. The D2R-selective antagonist 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidinyl]methylindole (1, L741,626; Ki(D2R/D3R) = 11.2:163 nM) has previously provided a lead template for chemical modification. Herein, analogues have been synthesized where the piperidine was replaced by a tropane ring that reversed the selectivity seen in the parent compound, in human hD2LR- or hD3R-transfected HEK 293 cells (31, Ki(D2R/D3R) = 33.4: 15.5 nM). Further exploration of both N-substituted and aryl ring-substituted analogues resulted in the discovery of several high affinity D2R/D3R ligands with 3-benzofurylmethyl-substituents (e.g., 45, Ki(D2R/D3R) = 1.7:0.34 nM) that induced high affinity not achieved in similarly N-substituted piperidine analogues and significantly (470-fold) improved D3R binding affinity compared to the parent ligand 1. X-ray crystallographic data revealed a distinctive spatial arrangement of pharmacophoric elements in the piperidinol vs tropine analogues, providing clues for the diversity in SAR at the D2 and D3 receptor subtypes. PMID:18774793

  4. N-Acetylglucosamine Inhibits LuxR, LasR and CviR Based Quorum Sensing Regulated Gene Expression Levels

    PubMed Central

    Kimyon, Önder; Ulutürk, Zehra İ.; Nizalapur, Shashidhar; Lee, Matthew; Kutty, Samuel K.; Beckmann, Sabrina; Kumar, Naresh; Manefield, Mike

    2016-01-01

    N-acetyl glucosamine, the monomer of chitin, is an abundant source of carbon and nitrogen in nature as it is the main component and breakdown product of many structural polymers. Some bacteria use N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) mediated quorum sensing (QS) to regulate chitinase production in order to catalyze the cleavage of chitin polymers into water soluble N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) monomers. In this study, the impact of NAG on QS activities of LuxR, LasR, and CviR regulated gene expression was investigated by examining the effect of NAG on QS regulated green fluorescent protein (GFP), violacein and extracellular chitinase expression. It was discovered that NAG inhibits AHL dependent gene transcription in AHL reporter strains within the range of 50–80% reduction at low millimolar concentrations (0.25–5 mM). Evidence is presented supporting a role for both competitive inhibition at the AHL binding site of LuxR type transcriptional regulators and catabolite repression. Further, this study shows that NAG down-regulates CviR induced violacein production while simultaneously up-regulating CviR dependent extracellular enzymes, suggesting that an unknown NAG dependent regulatory component influences phenotype expression. The quorum sensing inhibiting activity of NAG also adds to the list of compounds with known quorum sensing inhibiting activities. PMID:27602027

  5. Just entertainment: effects of TV series about intrigue on young adults

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Fei; Lin, Shengdong; Ke, Xue

    2015-01-01

    The potential harmful effects of media violence have been studied systematically and extensively. However, very little attention has been devoted to the intrigue and struggles between people depicted in the mass media. A longitudinal randomized experimental group-control group, pretest–posttest design study was conducted to examine the potential effects of this type of TV series on young adults. A typical and popular TV series was select as a stimulus. By scrutinizing the outline of this TV series and inspired by studies of the effects of media violence, one behavioral observation and five scales were adopted as dependent measures. The study did not find any effect of the intrigue TV series on any of the six dependent variables. Finally, possible interference variables or moderators were discussed. PMID:26029127

  6. Menthol Alone Upregulates Midbrain nAChRs, Alters nAChR Subtype Stoichiometry, Alters Dopamine Neuron Firing Frequency, and Prevents Nicotine Reward.

    PubMed

    Henderson, Brandon J; Wall, Teagan R; Henley, Beverley M; Kim, Charlene H; Nichols, Weston A; Moaddel, Ruin; Xiao, Cheng; Lester, Henry A

    2016-03-09

    Upregulation of β2 subunit-containing (β2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate β2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers. We investigated the effect of long-term menthol alone on midbrain neurons containing nAChRs. In midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mice containing fluorescent nAChR subunits, menthol alone increased the number of α4 and α6 nAChR subunits, but this upregulation did not occur in midbrain GABAergic neurons. Thus, chronic menthol produces a cell-type-selective upregulation of α4* nAChRs, complementing that of chronic nicotine alone, which upregulates α4 subunit-containing (α4*) nAChRs in GABAergic but not DA neurons. In mouse brain slices and cultured midbrain neurons, menthol reduced DA neuron firing frequency and altered DA neuron excitability following nAChR activation. Furthermore, menthol exposure before nicotine abolished nicotine reward-related behavior in mice. In neuroblastoma cells transfected with fluorescent nAChR subunits, exposure to 500 nm menthol alone also increased nAChR number and favored the formation of (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs; this contrasts with the action of nicotine itself, which favors (α4)2(β2)3 nAChRs. Menthol alone also increases the number of α6β2 receptors that exclude the β3 subunit. Thus, menthol stabilizes lower-sensitivity α4* and α6 subunit-containing nAChRs, possibly by acting as a chemical chaperone. The abolition of nicotine reward-related behavior may be mediated through menthol's ability to stabilize lower-sensitivity nAChRs and alter DA neuron excitability. We conclude that menthol is more than a tobacco flavorant: administered alone chronically, it alters midbrain DA neurons of the nicotine reward-related pathway. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/362957-18$15.00/0.

  7. 47 CFR 73.6018 - Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV... RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6018 Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV stations. Digital Class A TV stations must protect the DTV service that...

  8. 47 CFR 73.6018 - Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV... RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6018 Digital Class A TV station protection of DTV stations. Digital Class A TV stations must protect the DTV service that...

  9. 47 CFR 74.790 - Permissible service of digital TV translator and LPTV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Digital signal regeneration (i.e., DTV signal demodulation, decoding, error processing, encoding... paragraph (f) of this section, a digital TV translator station may be used only to receive the signals of a... to alter a TV broadcast and/or DTV broadcast signal. (f) A digital TV translator station may transmit...

  10. 47 CFR 74.790 - Permissible service of digital TV translator and LPTV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Digital signal regeneration (i.e., DTV signal demodulation, decoding, error processing, encoding... paragraph (f) of this section, a digital TV translator station may be used only to receive the signals of a... to alter a TV broadcast and/or DTV broadcast signal. (f) A digital TV translator station may transmit...

  11. 47 CFR 74.790 - Permissible service of digital TV translator and LPTV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Digital signal regeneration (i.e., DTV signal demodulation, decoding, error processing, encoding... paragraph (f) of this section, a digital TV translator station may be used only to receive the signals of a... to alter a TV broadcast and/or DTV broadcast signal. (f) A digital TV translator station may transmit...

  12. 76 FR 6789 - Unlicensed Operation in the TV Broadcast Bands

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-08

    ...., Spectrum Bridge Inc., Telcordia Technologies, and WSdb LLC--as TV bands device database administrators. The TV bands databases will be used by fixed and personal portable unlicensed devices to identify unused... administrators to develop the databases that are necessary to enable the introduction of this new class of...

  13. 76 FR 56657 - Unlicensed Operation in the TV Broadcast Bands

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-14

    ... Second Report and Order the Commission decided to designate one or more database administrator from the private sector to create and operate TV band databases. The TV band database administrators will act on behalf of the FCC, but will offer a privately owned and operated service. Each database administrator...

  14. Selective cyclopalladation of R3P=NCH2Aryl iminophosphoranes. Experimental and computational study.

    PubMed

    Bielsa, Raquel; Navarro, Rafael; Urriolabeitia, Esteban P; Lledós, Agustí

    2007-11-26

    The orientation of the orthopalladation of iminophosphoranes R3P=NCH2Aryl (R=Ph, Aryl=Ph (1a), C6H(4)-2-Br (1b), C6H4-Me-2 (1e), C6H3-(Me)(2)-2,5 (1f); R=p-tolyl, Aryl=Ph (1c); R=m-tolyl, Aryl=Ph (1d); R3P=MePh2P, and Aryl=Ph (1g)) has been studied. 1a reacts with Pd(OAc)2 (OAc=acetate) giving endo-[Pd(micro-Cl){C,N-C6H4(PPh2=NCH2Ph)-2}]2 (3a), while exo-[Pd(micro-Br){C,N-C6H4(CH2N=PPh3)-2}]2 (3b) could only be obtained by the oxidative addition of 1b to Pd2(dba)3. The endo form of the metalated ligand is favored kinetically and thermodynamically, as shown by the conversion of exo-[Pd(micro-OAc){C,N-C6H4(CH2N=PPh3)-2}]2 (2b) into endo-[Pd(micro-OAc){C,N-C6H4(PPh2=NCH2Ph)-2}]2 (2a) in refluxing toluene. The orientation of the reaction is not affected by the introduction of electron-releasing substituents at the Ph rings of the PR3 (1c and 1d) or the benzyl units (1e and 1f), and endo complexes (3c-3f) were obtained in all cases. The palladation of MePh2P=NCH2Ph (1g) can be regioselectively oriented as a function of the solvent. The exo isomer [Pd(micro-Cl){C6H4(CH2N=PPh2Me)-2}]2 (exo-3g) is obtained in refluxing CH2Cl2, while endo-[Pd(micro-Cl){C,N-C6H4(PPh(Me)=NCH2Ph)-2}]2 (endo-3g) can be isolated as a single isomer in refluxing toluene. In this case, the exo metalation is kinetically favored while an endo process occurs under thermodynamic control, as shown through the rearrangement of [Pd(micro-OAc){C6H4(CH2N=PPh2Me)-2}]2 (exo-2g) into [Pd(micro-OAc){C,N-C6H4(P(Ph)Me=NCH2Ph)-2}]2 (endo-2g) in refluxing toluene. The preference for the endo palladation of 1a and the kinetic versus thermodynamic control in 1g has been explained through DFT studies of the reaction mechanism.

  15. Evaluation of the OSC-TV iterative reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam optical CT

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matenine, Dmitri, E-mail: dmitri.matenine.1@ulaval.ca; Mascolo-Fortin, Julia, E-mail: julia.mascolo-fortin.1@ulaval.ca; Goussard, Yves, E-mail: yves.goussard@polymtl.ca

    Purpose: The present work evaluates an iterative reconstruction approach, namely, the ordered subsets convex (OSC) algorithm with regularization via total variation (TV) minimization in the field of cone-beam optical computed tomography (optical CT). One of the uses of optical CT is gel-based 3D dosimetry for radiation therapy, where it is employed to map dose distributions in radiosensitive gels. Model-based iterative reconstruction may improve optical CT image quality and contribute to a wider use of optical CT in clinical gel dosimetry. Methods: This algorithm was evaluated using experimental data acquired by a cone-beam optical CT system, as well as complementary numericalmore » simulations. A fast GPU implementation of OSC-TV was used to achieve reconstruction times comparable to those of conventional filtered backprojection. Images obtained via OSC-TV were compared with the corresponding filtered backprojections. Spatial resolution and uniformity phantoms were scanned and respective reconstructions were subject to evaluation of the modulation transfer function, image uniformity, and accuracy. The artifacts due to refraction and total signal loss from opaque objects were also studied. Results: The cone-beam optical CT data reconstructions showed that OSC-TV outperforms filtered backprojection in terms of image quality, thanks to a model-based simulation of the photon attenuation process. It was shown to significantly improve the image spatial resolution and reduce image noise. The accuracy of the estimation of linear attenuation coefficients remained similar to that obtained via filtered backprojection. Certain image artifacts due to opaque objects were reduced. Nevertheless, the common artifact due to the gel container walls could not be eliminated. Conclusions: The use of iterative reconstruction improves cone-beam optical CT image quality in many ways. The comparisons between OSC-TV and filtered backprojection presented in this paper demonstrate that OSC-TV

  16. High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Propargyl Alcohol-Water Complex Embedded in Helium Nanodroplets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mani, Devendra; Pal, Nitish; Kaufmann, Matin; Schwaab, Gerhard; Havenith, Martina

    2016-06-01

    Propargyl alcohol (hereafter abbreviated as PA) is a molecule of astrophysical interest and has been probed extensively using microwave spectroscopy.1,2 It is a multifunctional molecule and offers multiple sites for hydrogen bonding interactions. Therefore, it has also attracted the attention of groups interested in weak intermolecular interactions. Recently, the Ar…PA complex3 and PA-dimer4 have been studied using microwave spectroscopy. More recently, there have been matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopic studies on PA-water5 and PA-acetylene6 complexes. In the present work, clusters of PA and water were formed in the helium nanodroplets and probed using a combination of infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Using ab-initio quantum mechanical calculations, PA-water clusters were optimised and five minimum structures were found on the potential energy hypersurface, which were used as a guidance to the experiments. We used D2O for the experiments since our laser sources at Bochum do not cover the IR spectral region of H2O. IR spectra of PA-D2O complex were recorded in the region of symmetric and antisymmetric stretches of the bound D2O. Multiple signals were found in these regions which were dependent on the concentration of PA as well as D2O. Using pickup curves most of these signals could be assigned to 1:1 PA:D2O clusters. The ab-initio calculations helped in a definitive assignment of the spectra to the different conformers of PA-D2O complex. The details will be presented in the talk. References: 1. E. Hirota, J. Mol. Spec. 26, 335 (1968). 2. J.C. Pearson and B.J. Drouin, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 234, 149 (2005). 3. D. Mani and E. Arunan, ChemPhysChem 14, 754 (2013). 4. D. Mani and E. Arunan, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 164311 (2014). 5. J. Saini, K.S. Vishwanathan, J. Mol. Struct. 1118, 147 (2016). 6. K. Sundararajan et al., J. Mol. Struct. 1121, 26 (2016).

  17. 76 FR 51978 - Unlicensed Operation in the TV Broadcast Bands

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-19

    ... wireless devices in the TV spectrum. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Hugh L. Van Tuyl at (202) 418-7056 or... will enable the introduction of this new class of unlicensed broadband wireless devices in the TV... wireless devices that can operate in broadcast television spectrum at locations where that spectrum is...

  18. Seeing is doing. The implicit effect of TV cooking shows on children's use of ingredients.

    PubMed

    Neyens, Evy; Smits, Tim

    2017-09-01

    Prior research has established that TV viewing and food marketing influence children's eating behavior. However, the potential impact of popular TV cooking shows has received far less attention. TV cooking shows may equally affect children's food selection and consumption by distributing both food cues and portion-size cues. In an experimental study, elementary school children were randomly exposed to a cooking show, that either did or did not display a portion-size cue, or a non-food TV show. Results showed that children used significantly more sugar on their pancakes, and consumed significantly more of the pancakes after watching a TV cooking show compared to a non-food TV show. However, observing a portion-size cue in a TV cooking show only influenced sugar selection in older children (5th grade), but not in younger children (1st grade). The findings suggest that food cues in TV cooking shows stimulate consumption by inducing food cravings in children. Actual portion-size cues only appeared to affect older children's food selection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Decoding the TV Remote Control.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Connell, James

    2000-01-01

    Describes how to observe the pulse structure of the infrared signals from the light-emitting diode in a TV remote control. This exercise in decoding infrared digital signals provides an opportunity to discuss semiconductors, photonics technology, cryptology, and the physics of how things work. (WRM)

  20. BF3·Et2O-promoted cleavage of the Csp-Csp2 bond of 2-propynolphenols/anilines: route to C2-alkenylated benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles.

    PubMed

    Song, Xian-Rong; Qiu, Yi-Feng; Song, Bo; Hao, Xin-Hua; Han, Ya-Ping; Gao, Pin; Liu, Xue-Yuan; Liang, Yong-Min

    2015-02-20

    A novel BF3·Et2O-promoted tandem reaction of easily prepared 2-propynolphenols/anilines and trimethylsilyl azide is developed to give C2-alkenylated benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles in moderate to good yields. Most reactions could be accomplished in 30 min at room temperature. This tandem process involves a Csp-Csp2 bond cleavage and a C-N bond formation. Moreover, both tertiary and secondary propargylic alcohols with diverse functional groups were tolerated under the mild conditions.

  1. Local metric dimension of circulant graph c i r c (n :1 ,2 ,…,n/+1 2 )

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rimadhany, Ruzika; Darmaji

    2017-08-01

    Let G be a connected graph with two vertices u and v. The distance between u and v, denoted by d(u, v), is defined as length of the shortest path from u to v in G. For an ordered set W = {w1, w2, w3, … , wk} of k distinct vertices in a nontrivial connected graph G, the representation of a vertex v of V(G) respect to W is r(v|W) = (d(v, w1), d(v, w2), … , d(v, wk)). The set W is a resolving set of G if r(v|W) for each vertex v ∈ V(G) is distinct. A resolving set of minimum cardinality is a metric dimension and denoted by dim(G). The set W is a local resolving set of G if r(v|W) for every two adjacent vertices of V(G) is distinct. The minimum cardinality of local resolving set of G is a local metric dimension and denoted by ldim(G). In this research, we determine local metric dimension of circulant graph c i r c (n :1 ,2 ,3 ,…,n/+1 2 ) .

  2. Breaking the news on mobile TV: user requirements of a popular mobile content

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knoche, Hendrik O.; Sasse, M. Angela

    2006-02-01

    This paper presents the results from three lab-based studies that investigated different ways of delivering Mobile TV News by measuring user responses to different encoding bitrates, image resolutions and text quality. All studies were carried out with participants watching News content on mobile devices, with a total of 216 participants rating the acceptability of the viewing experience. Study 1 compared the acceptability of a 15-second video clip at different video and audio encoding bit rates on a 3G phone at a resolution of 176x144 and an iPAQ PDA (240x180). Study 2 measured the acceptability of video quality of full feature news clips of 2.5 minutes which were recorded from broadcast TV, encoded at resolutions ranging from 120x90 to 240x180, and combined with different encoding bit rates and audio qualities presented on an iPAQ. Study 3 improved the legibility of the text included in the video simulating a separate text delivery. The acceptability of News' video quality was greatly reduced at a resolution of 120x90. The legibility of text was a decisive factor in the participants' assessment of the video quality. Resolutions of 168x126 and higher were substantially more acceptable when they were accompanied by optimized high quality text compared to proportionally scaled inline text. When accompanied by high quality text TV news clips were acceptable to the vast majority of participants at resolutions as small as 168x126 for video encoding bitrates of 160kbps and higher. Service designers and operators can apply this knowledge to design a cost-effective mobile TV experience.

  3. Evaluation of TV commercials using neurophysiological responses.

    PubMed

    Yang, Taeyang; Lee, Do-Young; Kwak, Youngshin; Choi, Jinsook; Kim, Chajoong; Kim, Sung-Phil

    2015-04-24

    In recent years, neuroscientific knowledge has been applied to marketing as a novel and efficient means to comprehend the cognitive and behavioral aspects of consumers. A number of studies have attempted to evaluate media contents, especially TV commercials using various neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). Yet neurophysiological examination of detailed cognitive and affective responses in viewers is still required to provide practical information to marketers. Here, this study develops a method to analyze temporal patterns of EEG data and extract affective and cognitive indices such as happiness, surprise, and attention for TV commercial evaluation. Twenty participants participated in the study. We developed the neurophysiological indices for TV commercial evaluation using classification model. Specifically, these model-based indices were customized using individual EEG features. We used a video game for developing the index of attention and four video clips for developing indices of happiness and surprise. Statistical processes including one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and the cross validation scheme were used to select EEG features for each index. The EEG features were composed of the combinations of spectral power at selected channels from the cross validation for each individual. The Fisher's linear discriminant classifier (FLDA) was used to estimate each neurophysiological index during viewing four different TV commercials. Post hoc behavioral responses of preference, short-term memory, and recall were measured. Behavioral results showed significant differences for all preference, short-term memory rates, and recall rates between commercials, leading to a 'high-ranked' commercial group and a 'low-ranked' group (P < 0.05). Neural estimation of happiness results revealed a significant difference between the high-ranked and the low-ranked commercials in happiness index (P < 0.01). The order of rankings based on happiness and

  4. In the Margins of Training and Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Silvennoinen, Heikki; Nori, Hanna

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution of learning and training opportunities in the Finnish workforce. It will concentrate on the sectors of the workforce that lack these opportunities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Working Conditions Barometer (WCB) data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 are used (N = 3,326) in this…

  5. R 3Au 9 Pn ( R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi): A link between Cu 10Sn 3 and Gd 14Ag 51

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Celania, Chris; Smetana, Volodymyr; Provino, Alessia

    A new series of intermetallic compounds R 3Au 9 Pn ( R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi) has been discovered during the explorations of the Au-rich parts of rare-earth-containing ternary systems with p-block elements. The existence of the series is strongly restricted by both geometric and electronic factors. R 3Au 9 Pn compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system with space group P6 3/m (a = 8.08–8.24 Å, c = 8.98–9.08 Å). All compounds feature Au- Pn, formally anionic, networks built up by layers of alternating edge-sharing Au@Au 6 and Sb@Au 6 trigonal antiprisms of overall composition Aumore » 6/2 Pn connected through additional Au atoms and separated by a triangular cationic substructure formed by R atoms. From a first look, the series appears to be isostructural with recently reported R 3Au 7Sn 3 (a ternary ordered derivative of the Cu 10Sn 3-structure type), but no example of R 3Au 9M is known when M is a triel or tetrel element. R 3Au 9 Pn also contains Au@Au 6Au 2 R 3 fully capped trigonal prisms, which are found to be isostructural with those found in the well-researched R 14Au 51 series. This structural motif, not present in R 3Au 7Sn 3, represents a previously unrecognized link between Cu 10Sn 3 and Gd 14Ag 51 parent structure types. Magnetic property measurements carried out for Ho 3Au 9Sb reveal a complex magnetic structure characterized by antiferromagnetic interactions at low temperature ( T N = 10 K). Two metamagnetic transitions occur at high field with a change from antiferromagnetic toward ferromagnetic ordering. Density functional theory based computations were performed to understand the materials’ properties and to shed some light on the stability ranges. As a result, this allowed a better understanding of the bonding pattern, especially of the Au-containing substructure, and elucidation of the role of the third element in the stability of the structure type.« less

  6. R 3Au 9 Pn ( R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi): A link between Cu 10Sn 3 and Gd 14Ag 51

    DOE PAGES

    Celania, Chris; Smetana, Volodymyr; Provino, Alessia; ...

    2017-06-05

    A new series of intermetallic compounds R 3Au 9 Pn ( R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi) has been discovered during the explorations of the Au-rich parts of rare-earth-containing ternary systems with p-block elements. The existence of the series is strongly restricted by both geometric and electronic factors. R 3Au 9 Pn compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system with space group P6 3/m (a = 8.08–8.24 Å, c = 8.98–9.08 Å). All compounds feature Au- Pn, formally anionic, networks built up by layers of alternating edge-sharing Au@Au 6 and Sb@Au 6 trigonal antiprisms of overall composition Aumore » 6/2 Pn connected through additional Au atoms and separated by a triangular cationic substructure formed by R atoms. From a first look, the series appears to be isostructural with recently reported R 3Au 7Sn 3 (a ternary ordered derivative of the Cu 10Sn 3-structure type), but no example of R 3Au 9M is known when M is a triel or tetrel element. R 3Au 9 Pn also contains Au@Au 6Au 2 R 3 fully capped trigonal prisms, which are found to be isostructural with those found in the well-researched R 14Au 51 series. This structural motif, not present in R 3Au 7Sn 3, represents a previously unrecognized link between Cu 10Sn 3 and Gd 14Ag 51 parent structure types. Magnetic property measurements carried out for Ho 3Au 9Sb reveal a complex magnetic structure characterized by antiferromagnetic interactions at low temperature ( T N = 10 K). Two metamagnetic transitions occur at high field with a change from antiferromagnetic toward ferromagnetic ordering. Density functional theory based computations were performed to understand the materials’ properties and to shed some light on the stability ranges. As a result, this allowed a better understanding of the bonding pattern, especially of the Au-containing substructure, and elucidation of the role of the third element in the stability of the structure type.« less

  7. Mosaic of Apollo 16 Descartes landing site taken from TV transmission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1972-01-01

    A 360 degree field of view of the Apollo 16 Descartes landing site area composed of individual scenes taken from a color transmission made by the color RCA TV camera mounted on the Lunar Roving Vehicle. This panorama was made while the LRV was parked at the rim of North Ray crater (Stations 11 and 12) during the third Apollo 16 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA-3) by Astronauts John W. Young and Charles M. Duke Jr. The overlay identifies the directions and the key lunar terrain features. The camera panned across the rear portion of the LRV in its 360 degree sweep. Note Young and Duke walking along the edge of the crater in one of the scenes. The TV camera was remotely controlled from a console in the Mission Control Center.

  8. Short-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation but not aspirin increases plasma proresolving mediators of inflammation.

    PubMed

    Barden, Anne; Mas, Emilie; Croft, Kevin D; Phillips, Michael; Mori, Trevor A

    2014-11-01

    Resolution of inflammation is an active process involving specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) formed from the n-3 fatty acids. This study examined the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation and aspirin on plasma SPMs in healthy humans. Healthy volunteers (n = 21) were supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (2.4g/day) for 7 days with random assignment to take aspirin (300 mg/day) or placebo from day 5 to day 7. Blood was collected at baseline (day 0), day 5, and day 7. Plasma 18R/S-HEPE, E-series resolvins, 17R/S-HDHA, D-series resolvins, 14R/S-HDHA, and MaR-1 were measured by LC/MS/MS. At baseline concentrations of E- and D- series resolvins and the upstream precursors 18R/S-HEPE, 17R/S-HDHA ranged from 0.1nM to 0.2nM. 14R/S-HDHA was 3-fold higher than the other SPMs at baseline but MaR-1 was below the limit of detection. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids significantly increased RvE1, 18R/S-HEPE, 17R/S-HDHA, and 14R/S-HDHA but not other SPMs. The addition of aspirin after 5 days of n-3 fatty acids did not affect concentrations of any SPM. N-3 fatty acid supplementation for 5 days results in concentrations of SPMs that are biologically active in healthy humans. Aspirin administered after n-3 fatty acids did not offer any additional benefit in elevating the levels of SPMs. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  9. R34D1NG W0RD5 W1TH NUMB3R5.

    PubMed

    Perea, Manuel; Duñabeitia, Jon Andoni; Carreiras, Manuel

    2008-02-01

    Letter identities and number identities are usually thought to imply different cortical mechanisms. Specifically, the left fusiform gyrus responds more to letters than to digits (T. A. Polk et al., 2002). However, a widely circulated statement on the internet illustrates that it is possible to use numbers (leet digits) as parts of words, 4ND TH3 R35ULT1NG S3NT3NC3 C4N B3 R34D W1TH0UT GR34T 3FF0RT. Two masked priming lexical decision experiments were conducted to determine whether leet digits produce (automatic) lexical activation. Results showed that words are identified substantially faster when they are preceded by a masked leet word (M4T3R14L-MATERIAL) than when they are preceded by a control condition with other letters or digits. In addition, there was only a negligible advantage of the identity condition over the related leet condition. This leet-priming effect is not specific to numbers: A prime in which leet digits are replaced by letter-like symbols (M(Delta symbol)T(euro symbol)R!(Delta symbol)L - MATERIAL) facilitates word processing to the same degree as an identity prime. Therefore, the cognitive system regularizes the shape of the leet digits and letter-like symbols embedded in words with very little cost.

  10. Dual inhibition of human type 4 phosphodiesterase isostates by (R, R)-(+/-)-methyl 3-acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3- methyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate.

    PubMed

    Tian, G; Rocque, W J; Wiseman, J S; Thompson, I Z; Holmes, W D; Domanico, P L; Stafford, J A; Feldman, P L; Luther, M A

    1998-05-12

    Purified recombinant human type 4 phosphodiesterase B2B (HSPDE4B2B) exists in both a low- and a high-affinity state that bind (R)-rolipram with Kd's of ca. 500 and 1 nM, respectively [Rocque, W. J., Tian, G., Wiseman, J. S., Holmes, W. D., Thompson, I. Z., Willard, D. H., Patel, I. R., Wisely, G. B., Clay, W. C., Kadwell, S. H., Hoffman, C. R., and Luther, M. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14250-14261]. Since the tissue distribution of the two isostates may be significantly different, development of inhibitors that effectively inhibit both forms may be advantageous pharmacologically. In this study, enzyme inhibition and binding of HSPDE4B2B by (R, R)-(+/-)-methyl 3-acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl-1-pyrrolidin ecarboxylate (1), a novel inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4), were investigated. Binding experiments demonstrated high-affinity binding of 1 to HSPDE4B2B with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Inhibition of PDE activity showed only a single transition with an observed Ki similar to the apparent Kd determined by the binding experiments. Deletional mutants of HSPDE4B2B, which have been shown to bind (R)-rolipram with low affinity, were shown to interact with 1 with high affinity, indistinguishable from the results obtained with the full-length enzyme. Bound 1 was completely displaced by (R)-rolipram, and the displacement showed a biphasic transition that resembles the biphasic inhibition of HSPDE4B2B by (R)-rolipram. Theoretical analysis of the two transitions exemplified in the interaction of (R)-rolipram with HSPDE4B2B indicated that the two isostates were nonexchangeable. Phosphorylation at serines 487 and 489 on HSPDE4B2B had no effect on the stoichiometry of binding, the affinity for binding, or the inhibition of the enzyme by 1. These data further illustrate the presence of two isostates in PDE 4 as shown previously for (R)-rolipram binding and inhibition. In contrast to (R)-rolipram, where only one of the two isostates of PDE 4 binds with

  11. Catalytic Carbonyl Allylation, Propargylation and Vinylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level via C-C Bond Forming Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation: A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents**

    PubMed Central

    Bower, John F.; Kim, In Su; Patman, Ryan L.; Krische, Michael J.

    2009-01-01

    Classical protocols for carbonyl allylation, propargylation and vinylation typically rely upon the use of preformed allyl metal, allenyl metal and vinyl metal reagents, respectively, mandating stoichiometric generation of metallic byproducts. Through transfer hydrogenative C-C coupling, carbonyl addition may be achieved from the aldehyde or alcohol oxidation level in the absence of stoichiometric organometallic reagents or metallic reductants. Here, we review transfer hydrogenative methods for carbonyl addition, which encompass the first cataltyic protocols enabling direct C–H functionalization of alcohols. PMID:19040235

  12. The Sociability of Mobile TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Geerts, David

    Both mobile phones and television are known for the social practices they enable. Television has been a social medium since its introduction in households all over the world. Although its main aim is entertaining and informing its viewers, people often watch television together with close relatives or good friends, talk about what is going on while watching television or even structure their social activities around a television show (e.g., eating dinner while watching the news) (Lull 1980). But television programs are also part of social interactions away from the television set, when discussing favorite television programs around the water cooler at work, or recommending shows to watch to good friends. The main function of mobile phones on the other hand has always been social from the start: communicating with other people, when and wherever you want, first using voice communication and later also with text messages and video communication. So what happens when these two social media are combined? It is clear that mobile TV cannot be successful without taking social practices when watching TV on a mobile device into account. Although one approach could be to let the users appropriate the device in their social environment, as happened with text messaging, the risk that it does not match their current practices is too big. A better approach is to design mobile TV applications that take direct advantage of the social aspects of each medium, which means adding interactive features that will enable and support social interaction between users on different levels. In order to get an idea of the possibilities, it is interesting to look at recent research in the closely related domain of interactive television.

  13. High miR-124-3p expression identifies smoking individuals susceptible to atherosclerosis.

    PubMed

    de Ronde, Maurice W J; Kok, Maayke G M; Moerland, Perry D; Van den Bossche, Jan; Neele, Annette E; Halliani, Amalia; van der Made, Ingeborg; de Winther, Menno P J; Meijers, Joost C M; Creemers, Esther E; Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan

    2017-08-01

    The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is twice as high among smoking individuals compared to non-smokers. Monocytes are involved in smoking-related atherosclerotic plaque formation. In this study, we investigated whether smokers with an increased risk of developing CVD can be identified on the basis of monocyte-derived miRNA expression levels. We performed a miRNA microarray experiment on isolated monocytes from smoking, former smoking and non-smoking individuals in a cohort of patients with premature CVD and healthy controls (Cohort I, n = 76). We found miR-124-3p to be heterogeneously expressed among all smoking individuals, whereas expression was low in non-smokers. Subsequently, RT-qPCR measurements on whole blood showed that among smoking individuals an increase in miR-124-3p is associated with an increased risk for advanced atherosclerotic disease (cohort II, n = 24) (OR 11.72 95% CI 1.09-126.53) and subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium score ≥ 80 th percentile, cohort III n = 138) (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.05-7.01). This was not observed among former smokers or non-smoking individuals. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that high miR-124-3p expression was associated with upregulation of the monocyte surface markers CD45RA, CD29 and CD206, indicating an altered monocyte phenotype. Finally, overexpression of miR-124-3p resulted in an upregulation of CD206 surface expression on monocytes. High miR-124-3p expression is associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in smoking individuals and with an altered monocyte phenotype. This may suggest that miR-124-3p identifies which smoking individuals are susceptible to the atherogenic effects of smoking. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. The R148.3 Gene Modulates Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan and Fat Metabolism

    PubMed Central

    Roy-Bellavance, Catherine; Grants, Jennifer M.; Miard, Stéphanie; Lee, Kayoung; Rondeau, Évelyne; Guillemette, Chantal; Simard, Martin J.; Taubert, Stefan; Picard, Frédéric

    2017-01-01

    Despite many advances, the molecular links between energy metabolism and longevity are not well understood. Here, we have used the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans to study the role of the yet-uncharacterized gene R148.3 in fat accumulation and lifespan. In wild-type worms, a R148.3p::GFP reporter showed enhanced expression throughout life in the pharynx, in neurons, and in muscles. Functionally, a protein fusing a predicted 22 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence (SS) of R148.3 to mCherry displayed robust accumulation in coelomyocytes, indicating that R148.3 is a secreted protein. Systematic depletion of R148.3 by RNA interference (RNAi) at L1 but not at young-adult stage enhanced triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with increased food uptake and lower expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation. However, RNAi of R148.3 at both L1 and young-adult stages robustly diminished mean and maximal lifespan of wild-type worms, and also abolished the long-lived phenotypes of eat-2 and daf-2/InsR mutants. Based on these data, we propose that R148.3 is an SS that modulates fat mass and longevity in an independent manner. PMID:28620088

  15. 47 CFR 73.653 - Operation of TV aural and visual transmitters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operation of TV aural and visual transmitters. 73.653 Section 73.653 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Television Broadcast Stations § 73.653 Operation of TV aural and visual...

  16. Fit 5 Kids TV reduction program for Latino preschoolers: A cluster randomized controlled trial

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Reducing Latino preschoolers' TV viewing is needed to reduce their risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. This study's objective was to evaluate the Fit 5 Kids (F5K) TV reduction program's impact on Latino preschooler's TV viewing. The study design was a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT...

  17. Substituted N-(biphenyl-4'-yl)methyl (R)-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides: potent anticonvulsants that affect frequency (use) dependence and slow inactivation of sodium channels.

    PubMed

    Lee, Hyosung; Park, Ki Duk; Torregrosa, Robert; Yang, Xiao-Fang; Dustrude, Erik T; Wang, Yuying; Wilson, Sarah M; Barbosa, Cindy; Xiao, Yucheng; Cummins, Theodore R; Khanna, Rajesh; Kohn, Harold

    2014-07-24

    We prepared 13 derivatives of N-(biphenyl-4'-yl)methyl (R)-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide that differed in type and placement of a R-substituent in the terminal aryl unit. We demonstrated that the R-substituent impacted the compound's whole animal and cellular pharmacological activities. In rodents, select compounds exhibited excellent anticonvulsant activities and protective indices (PI=TD50/ED50) that compared favorably with clinical antiseizure drugs. Compounds with a polar, aprotic R-substituent potently promoted Na+ channel slow inactivation and displayed frequency (use) inhibition of Na+ currents at low micromolar concentrations. The possible advantage of affecting these two pathways to decrease neurological hyperexcitability is discussed.

  18. The Outcome and Patterns of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Paediatric Population of a Developing Country Secondary to TV Trolley Tip-Over.

    PubMed

    Waqas, Muhammad; Javed, Gohar; Nathani, Karim Rizwan; Ujjan, Badar; Quadri, Syed A; Tahir, Muhammad Zubair

    2018-01-01

    Television (TV) trolley tip-over incidences are common and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study was aimed at analyzing the pattern and outcomes of head injuries resulting from TV trolley tip-over. We conducted a medical chart review of children with TV trolley tip-over head injuries from January 2009 to April 2016. We collected data on demographics, the mechanism of injury, clinical and radiological features of the injury, and outcomes. Outcomes were measured by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months (except in 1 case). A descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS v19. Twenty-two children were included in the study (median age 23.5 months). Sixteen children were male. Most of the children (n = 16) were aged 12-35 months. The median Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 15. The median Rotterdam Score for the patients was 2.0. Common symptoms upon admission were vomiting, irritability, scalp laceration, and bruises. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days. Skull bone fractures were present in 12 children. Other CT findings included contusions, extradural and subdural haematomas, intraventricular haemorrhage, and pneumocranium. Surgical intervention was required in 4 cases. Although most of the patients made a good recovery (GOS = 5), 1 patient developed a mild disability and another died in hospital. TV trolley tip-over is most common in toddlers and can lead to significant head injury and mortality. This can be avoided by parental supervision and adjustments in the household. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  19. SQUARE ONE TV Content Analysis and Show Rundowns through Season Four.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schneider, Joel; And Others

    This report summarizes the mathematical and pedagogical content of the SQUARE ONE TV library after four seasons of production, relating that content to the series' three goals: (1) to promote positive attitudes toward, and enthusiasm for, mathematics; (2) to encourage the use and application of problem-solving processes; and (3) to present sound…

  20. 47 CFR 90.545 - TV/DTV interference protection criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 40 dB at the hypothetical Grade B contour (64 dBµV/m) (88.5 kilometers or 55.0 miles) of the TV station or 17 dB at the equivalent Grade B contour (41 dBµV/m) (88.5 kilometers or 55.0 miles) of the DTV... contour (64 dBµV/m) (88.5 kilometers or 55.0 miles) of the TV station or −23 dB at the equivalent Grade B...

  1. Condensed tannins: A proposed route to 2R,3R-(2,3-cis)-proanthocyanidins

    Treesearch

    Richard W. Hemingway; Peter E. Laks

    1985-01-01

    Roux,1 Haslam,2-4 and Stafford5-8 have proposed differing biogenetic schemes for the formation of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in plants. All three schemes suffer from difficulties in explaining the formation of the 2R,3R-(2,3-cis)-proanthocyanidins that predominate in...

  2. Sequentially reweighted TV minimization for CT metal artifact reduction.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Xiaomeng; Xing, Lei

    2013-07-01

    Metal artifact reduction has long been an important topic in x-ray CT image reconstruction. In this work, the authors propose an iterative method that sequentially minimizes a reweighted total variation (TV) of the image and produces substantially artifact-reduced reconstructions. A sequentially reweighted TV minimization algorithm is proposed to fully exploit the sparseness of image gradients (IG). The authors first formulate a constrained optimization model that minimizes a weighted TV of the image, subject to the constraint that the estimated projection data are within a specified tolerance of the available projection measurements, with image non-negativity enforced. The authors then solve a sequence of weighted TV minimization problems where weights used for the next iteration are computed from the current solution. Using the complete projection data, the algorithm first reconstructs an image from which a binary metal image can be extracted. Forward projection of the binary image identifies metal traces in the projection space. The metal-free background image is then reconstructed from the metal-trace-excluded projection data by employing a different set of weights. Each minimization problem is solved using a gradient method that alternates projection-onto-convex-sets and steepest descent. A series of simulation and experimental studies are performed to evaluate the proposed approach. Our study shows that the sequentially reweighted scheme, by altering a single parameter in the weighting function, flexibly controls the sparsity of the IG and reconstructs artifacts-free images in a two-stage process. It successfully produces images with significantly reduced streak artifacts, suppressed noise and well-preserved contrast and edge properties. The sequentially reweighed TV minimization provides a systematic approach for suppressing CT metal artifacts. The technique can also be generalized to other "missing data" problems in CT image reconstruction.

  3. 47 CFR 73.6014 - Protection of digital Class A TV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection of digital Class A TV stations. 73... SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6014 Protection of digital... be accepted if it fails to protect authorized digital Class A TV stations and applications for...

  4. 47 CFR 73.6014 - Protection of digital Class A TV stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection of digital Class A TV stations. 73... SERVICES RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Class A Television Broadcast Stations § 73.6014 Protection of digital... be accepted if it fails to protect authorized digital Class A TV stations and applications for...

  5. The scheme and research of TV series multidimensional comprehensive evaluation on cross-platform

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chai, Jianping; Bai, Xuesong; Zhou, Hongjun; Yin, Fulian

    2016-10-01

    As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series is proposed in this paper, which has a perspective in cross-platform multidimensional evaluation after broadcasting. This scheme considers the data directly collected from cable television and the Internet as research objects. It's based on TOPSIS principle, after preprocessing and calculation of the data, they become primary indicators that reflect different profiles of the viewing of TV series. Then after the process of reasonable empowerment and summation by the six methods(PCA, AHP, etc.), the primary indicators form the composite indices on different channels or websites. The scheme avoids the inefficiency and difficulty of survey and marking; At the same time, it not only reflects different dimensions of viewing, but also combines TV media and new media, completing the multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of TV series on cross-platform.

  6. Nicotine suppresses the neurotoxicity by MPP+/MPTP through activating α7nAChR/PI3K/Trx-1 and suppressing ER stress.

    PubMed

    Cai, Yanxue; Zhang, Xianwen; Zhou, Xiaoshuang; Wu, Xiaoli; Li, Yanhui; Yao, Jianhua; Bai, Jie

    2017-03-01

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Nicotine has been reported to have the role in preventing Parkinson's disease. However, its mechanism is still unclear. In present study we found that nicotine suppressed 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP + ) toxicity in PC12 cells by MTT assay. The expression of thioredoxin-1(Trx-1) was decreased by MPP + , which was restored by nicotine. The nicotine suppressed expressions of Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) induced by MPP + . The methyllycaconitine (MLA), the inhibitor of α7nAChR and LY294002, the inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) blocked the suppressions of above molecules, respectively. Consistently, pretreatment with nicotine ameliorated the motor ability, restored the declines of Trx-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and suppressed the expressions of Bip and CHOP induced by 1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. Our results suggest that nicotine plays role in resisting MPP + /MPTP neurotoxicity through activating the α7nAChR/PI3K/Trx-1 pathway and suppressing ER stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Menthol Alone Upregulates Midbrain nAChRs, Alters nAChR Subtype Stoichiometry, Alters Dopamine Neuron Firing Frequency, and Prevents Nicotine Reward

    PubMed Central

    Henderson, Brandon J.; Wall, Teagan R.; Henley, Beverley M.; Kim, Charlene H.; Nichols, Weston A.; Moaddel, Ruin; Xiao, Cheng

    2016-01-01

    Upregulation of β2 subunit-containing (β2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate β2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers. We investigated the effect of long-term menthol alone on midbrain neurons containing nAChRs. In midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mice containing fluorescent nAChR subunits, menthol alone increased the number of α4 and α6 nAChR subunits, but this upregulation did not occur in midbrain GABAergic neurons. Thus, chronic menthol produces a cell-type-selective upregulation of α4* nAChRs, complementing that of chronic nicotine alone, which upregulates α4 subunit-containing (α4*) nAChRs in GABAergic but not DA neurons. In mouse brain slices and cultured midbrain neurons, menthol reduced DA neuron firing frequency and altered DA neuron excitability following nAChR activation. Furthermore, menthol exposure before nicotine abolished nicotine reward-related behavior in mice. In neuroblastoma cells transfected with fluorescent nAChR subunits, exposure to 500 nm menthol alone also increased nAChR number and favored the formation of (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs; this contrasts with the action of nicotine itself, which favors (α4)2(β2)3 nAChRs. Menthol alone also increases the number of α6β2 receptors that exclude the β3 subunit. Thus, menthol stabilizes lower-sensitivity α4* and α6 subunit-containing nAChRs, possibly by acting as a chemical chaperone. The abolition of nicotine reward-related behavior may be mediated through menthol's ability to stabilize lower-sensitivity nAChRs and alter DA neuron excitability. We conclude that menthol is more than a tobacco flavorant: administered alone chronically, it alters midbrain DA neurons of the nicotine reward-related pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Menthol, the most popular flavorant for tobacco products, has been considered simply a benign flavor additive. However, as we show here

  8. Turbine Engine Control Synthesis. Volume 2. Simulation and Controller Software

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-03-01

    22141 0075 0 0010 129 ST039 DC 16 0076 0 FOAO 130 ST04o nr -3936 N GAIN 1OOtE) 0077 0 0670 131 T51041 C 1648 Wf l- ( 100 ,E) - - "Ŕ-󈧋-8--1FA4-- 132...Calculation 131 Equilibrium- Temperature Software 131 Initialization 132 Interpolation Interval Determination 132 Interpolation Logic 133 Filtering Logic...eNJC1 131 : * PP3.(t..PSTPbNiR(A)/TV3).U1-• 025: •v53T.KUAL-;w)*(- 4-Pt5 133: * TV*/,V4 Irflw# * S TTcTv*/18.7) 13s: v3 L’s rtVcLL,(4)aArt IaJV44/(3RTh44

  9. Local Climate Experts: The Influence of Local TV Weather Information on Climate Change Perceptions

    PubMed Central

    Bloodhart, Brittany; Maibach, Edward; Myers, Teresa; Zhao, Xiaoquan

    2015-01-01

    Individuals who identify changes in their local climate are also more likely to report that they have personally experienced global climate change. One way that people may come to recognize that their local climate is changing is through information provided by local TV weather forecasters. Using random digit dialing, 2,000 adult local TV news viewers in Virginia were surveyed to determine whether routine exposure to local TV weather forecasts influences their perceptions of extreme weather in Virginia, and their perceptions about climate change more generally. Results indicate that paying attention to TV weather forecasts is associated with beliefs that extreme weather is becoming more frequent in Virginia, which in turn is associated with stronger beliefs and concerns about climate change. These associations were strongest for individuals who trust their local TV weathercaster as a source of information about climate change, and for those who identify as politically conservative or moderate. The findings add support to the literature suggesting that TV weathercasters can play an important role in educating the public about climate change. PMID:26551357

  10. Local Climate Experts: The Influence of Local TV Weather Information on Climate Change Perceptions.

    PubMed

    Bloodhart, Brittany; Maibach, Edward; Myers, Teresa; Zhao, Xiaoquan

    2015-01-01

    Individuals who identify changes in their local climate are also more likely to report that they have personally experienced global climate change. One way that people may come to recognize that their local climate is changing is through information provided by local TV weather forecasters. Using random digit dialing, 2,000 adult local TV news viewers in Virginia were surveyed to determine whether routine exposure to local TV weather forecasts influences their perceptions of extreme weather in Virginia, and their perceptions about climate change more generally. Results indicate that paying attention to TV weather forecasts is associated with beliefs that extreme weather is becoming more frequent in Virginia, which in turn is associated with stronger beliefs and concerns about climate change. These associations were strongest for individuals who trust their local TV weathercaster as a source of information about climate change, and for those who identify as politically conservative or moderate. The findings add support to the literature suggesting that TV weathercasters can play an important role in educating the public about climate change.

  11. Combined Tensor Fitting and TV Regularization in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Based on a Riemannian Manifold Approach.

    PubMed

    Baust, Maximilian; Weinmann, Andreas; Wieczorek, Matthias; Lasser, Tobias; Storath, Martin; Navab, Nassir

    2016-08-01

    In this paper, we consider combined TV denoising and diffusion tensor fitting in DTI using the affine-invariant Riemannian metric on the space of diffusion tensors. Instead of first fitting the diffusion tensors, and then denoising them, we define a suitable TV type energy functional which incorporates the measured DWIs (using an inverse problem setup) and which measures the nearness of neighboring tensors in the manifold. To approach this functional, we propose generalized forward- backward splitting algorithms which combine an explicit and several implicit steps performed on a decomposition of the functional. We validate the performance of the derived algorithms on synthetic and real DTI data. In particular, we work on real 3D data. To our knowledge, the present paper describes the first approach to TV regularization in a combined manifold and inverse problem setup.

  12. Gold in the layered structures of R 3Au 7Sn 3: From relativity to versatility

    DOE PAGES

    Provino, Alessia; Steinberg, Simon Alexander; Smetana, Volodymyr; ...

    2016-07-11

    A new isotypic series of ternary rare earth element-gold-tetrel intermetallic compounds has been synthesized and their structures and properties have been characterized. R 3Au 7Sn 3 (R = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm, Lu) crystallize with the hexagonal Gd 3Au 7Sn 3 prototype (Pearson symbol hP26; P6 3/m, a = 8.110-8.372 Å, c = 9.351-9.609 Å, V cell = 532.7-583.3 Å3, Z = 2), an ordered variant of the Cu 10Sn 3-type. Their structure is built up by GdPt 2Sn-type layers, which feature edge-sharing Sn@Au 6 trigonal antiprisms connected by trigonal R3 groups. Additional insertion of gold atoms leads to themore » formation of new homoatomic Au clusters, Au@Au 6; alternatively, the structure can be considered as a superstructural polyhedral packing of the ZrBeSi-type. The magnetization, heat ca-pacity and electrical resistivity have been measured for R 3Au 7Sn 3 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd and Tb). All four compounds order antiferromagnetically with the highest T N of 13 K for Tb 3Au 7Sn 3. In Ce 3Au 7Sn 3, which has a T N of 2.9 K, the heat capacity and electrical resistivity data in zero and applied fields indicate the presence of Kondo interactions. The coefficient of the linear term in the electronic heat capacity, γ, derived from the heat capacity data below 0.5 K is 211 mJ/Ce mol K 2 suggesting strong electronic correlations due to the Kondo interaction. The electronic structure calculations based on the projector augmented wave method for particular representatives of the series suggest different tendencies of the localized R-4f AOs to hybridize with the valence states. LMTO-based bonding analysis on the non-magnetic La 3Au 7Sn 3 indicates that the integrated crystal orbital Hamilton popu-lations (COHPs) are dominated by the heteroatomic Au–Sn contacts; however, contributions from La–Au and La–Sn separations are significant, both together exceeding 40 % in the overall bonding. Furthermore, homoatomic Au–Au interactions are evident for the Au@Au 6 units but, despite of the

  13. Gold in the layered structures of R 3Au 7Sn 3: From relativity to versatility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Provino, Alessia; Steinberg, Simon Alexander; Smetana, Volodymyr

    A new isotypic series of ternary rare earth element-gold-tetrel intermetallic compounds has been synthesized and their structures and properties have been characterized. R 3Au 7Sn 3 (R = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm, Lu) crystallize with the hexagonal Gd 3Au 7Sn 3 prototype (Pearson symbol hP26; P6 3/m, a = 8.110-8.372 Å, c = 9.351-9.609 Å, V cell = 532.7-583.3 Å3, Z = 2), an ordered variant of the Cu 10Sn 3-type. Their structure is built up by GdPt 2Sn-type layers, which feature edge-sharing Sn@Au 6 trigonal antiprisms connected by trigonal R3 groups. Additional insertion of gold atoms leads to themore » formation of new homoatomic Au clusters, Au@Au 6; alternatively, the structure can be considered as a superstructural polyhedral packing of the ZrBeSi-type. The magnetization, heat ca-pacity and electrical resistivity have been measured for R 3Au 7Sn 3 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd and Tb). All four compounds order antiferromagnetically with the highest T N of 13 K for Tb 3Au 7Sn 3. In Ce 3Au 7Sn 3, which has a T N of 2.9 K, the heat capacity and electrical resistivity data in zero and applied fields indicate the presence of Kondo interactions. The coefficient of the linear term in the electronic heat capacity, γ, derived from the heat capacity data below 0.5 K is 211 mJ/Ce mol K 2 suggesting strong electronic correlations due to the Kondo interaction. The electronic structure calculations based on the projector augmented wave method for particular representatives of the series suggest different tendencies of the localized R-4f AOs to hybridize with the valence states. LMTO-based bonding analysis on the non-magnetic La 3Au 7Sn 3 indicates that the integrated crystal orbital Hamilton popu-lations (COHPs) are dominated by the heteroatomic Au–Sn contacts; however, contributions from La–Au and La–Sn separations are significant, both together exceeding 40 % in the overall bonding. Furthermore, homoatomic Au–Au interactions are evident for the Au@Au 6 units but, despite of the

  14. Cut-off values for step count and TV viewing time as discriminators of hyperglycaemia in Brazilian children and adolescents.

    PubMed

    Gordia, Alex Pinheiro; Quadros, Teresa Maria Bianchini de; Silva, Luciana Rodrigues; Mota, Jorge

    2016-09-01

    The use of step count and TV viewing time to discriminate youngsters with hyperglycaemia is still a matter of debate. To establish cut-off values for step count and TV viewing time in children and adolescents using glycaemia as the reference criterion. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1044 schoolchildren aged 6-18 years from Northeastern Brazil. Daily step counts were assessed with a pedometer over 1 week and TV viewing time by self-report. The area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.52-0.61 for step count and from 0.49-0.65 for TV viewing time. The daily step count with the highest discriminatory power for hyperglycaemia was 13 884 (sensitivity = 77.8; specificity = 51.8) for male children and 12 371 (sensitivity = 55.6; specificity = 55.5) and 11 292 (sensitivity = 57.7; specificity = 48.6) for female children and adolescents respectively. The cut-off for TV viewing time with the highest discriminatory capacity for hyperglycaemia was 3 hours/day (sensitivity = 57.7-77.8; specificity = 48.6-53.2). This study represents the first step for the development of criteria based on cardiometabolic risk factors for step count and TV viewing time in youngsters. However, the present cut-off values have limited practical application because of their poor accuracy and low sensitivity and specificity.

  15. Towards Formative Research in TV for Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mody, Bella

    1976-01-01

    Drawing on his experience with the Indian Satellite Instructional TV Experiment, the author discusses the type of training program needed by those conducting formative evaluation in that context. (BD)

  16. Monitoring green leaf tea quality parameters of different TV clones grown in northeast India using satellite data.

    PubMed

    Dutta, Rishiraj

    2013-08-15

    This study tries to quantify the effects of green leaf tea parameters that influence tea quality in Northeast India. The study is to identify the different parameters that have a significant influence on tea quality through the use of remote sensing. It investigates the methods for estimating tea quality based on remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Attention focused on high yielding TV clones (TV1, TV18, TV22, TV23, TV25 and TV26). NDVI was obtained from ASTER images. Statistical analysis shows that NDVI has a strong significant effect on the caffeine content followed by epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) and to some extent in other chemical parameters. Relationships therefore exist between quality parameters and remote sensing in particular for the TV clones. This leads to the conclusion that NDVI has a large potential to be used for monitoring tea quality of individual cultivars in the future. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Adolescent weight status and receptivity to food TV advertisements.

    PubMed

    Adachi-Mejia, Anna M; Sutherland, Lisa A; Longacre, Meghan R; Beach, Michael L; Titus-Ernstoff, Linda; Gibson, Jennifer J; Dalton, Madeline A

    2011-01-01

    This study examined the relationship between adolescent weight status and food advertisement receptivity. Survey-based evaluation with data collected at baseline (initial and at 2 months), and at follow-up (11 months). New Hampshire and Vermont. Students (n = 2,281) aged 10-13 in 2002-2005. Overweight. Generalized estimating equations to model the relationship between identifying a food advertisement as their favorite and being overweight. Overall, 35.9% of the adolescents were overweight. Less than one fifth named a food advertisement as their favorite (16.1%). Most of the food advertisements were for less-healthful food (89.6%). After controlling for school, age, sex, sociodemographics, physical activity, number of TV sessions watched, and having a TV in the bedroom, overweight adolescents were significantly less likely to be receptive to food advertisements (relative risk = 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.70, 0.98) compared to non-overweight adolescents. This study provides preliminary evidence that normal-weight adolescents are receptive to unhealthful food advertisements. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether consistent exposure to advertisements for unhealthful food, particularly if they are promoted with healthful behaviors such as being physically active, influence adolescents' food choices, and ultimately their body mass index, over the long term. Copyright © 2011 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Independent and joint associations of TV viewing time and snack food consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components; a cross-sectional study in Australian adults

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Television (TV) viewing time is positively associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. However, the mechanisms through which TV viewing time is associated with MetS risk remain unclear. There is evidence that the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor snack foods increases during TV viewing time among adults, suggesting that these behaviors may jointly contribute towards MetS risk. While the association between TV viewing time and the MetS has previously been shown to be independent of adult’s overall dietary intake, the specific influence of snack food consumption on the relationship is yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of daily TV viewing time and snack food consumption with the MetS and its components in a sample of Australian adults. Methods Population-based, cross-sectional study of 3,110 women and 2,572 men (>35 years) without diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Participants were recruited between May 1999 and Dec 2000 in the six states and the Northern Territory of Australia. Participants were categorised according to self-reported TV viewing time (low: 0-2 hr/d; high: >2 hr/d) and/or consumption of snack foods (low: 0-3 serves/d; high: >3 serves/d). Multivariate odds ratios [95% CI] for the MetS and its components were estimated using gender-specific, forced entry logistic regression. Results OR [95% CI] for the MetS was 3.59 [2.25, 5.74] (p≤0.001) in women and 1.45 [1.02, 3.45] (p = 0.04) in men who jointly reported high TV viewing time and high snack food consumption. Obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension (women only) were also jointly associated with high TV viewing time and high snack food consumption. Further adjustment for diet quality and central adiposity maintained the associations in women. High snack food consumption was also shown to be independently associated with MetS risk [OR: 1.94 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.60), p < 0.001] and

  19. Independent and joint associations of TV viewing time and snack food consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components; a cross-sectional study in Australian adults.

    PubMed

    Thorp, Alicia A; McNaughton, Sarah A; Owen, Neville; Dunstan, David W

    2013-08-09

    Television (TV) viewing time is positively associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. However, the mechanisms through which TV viewing time is associated with MetS risk remain unclear. There is evidence that the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor snack foods increases during TV viewing time among adults, suggesting that these behaviors may jointly contribute towards MetS risk. While the association between TV viewing time and the MetS has previously been shown to be independent of adult's overall dietary intake, the specific influence of snack food consumption on the relationship is yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of daily TV viewing time and snack food consumption with the MetS and its components in a sample of Australian adults. Population-based, cross-sectional study of 3,110 women and 2,572 men (>35 years) without diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Participants were recruited between May 1999 and Dec 2000 in the six states and the Northern Territory of Australia. Participants were categorised according to self-reported TV viewing time (low: 0-2 hr/d; high: >2 hr/d) and/or consumption of snack foods (low: 0-3 serves/d; high: >3 serves/d). Multivariate odds ratios [95% CI] for the MetS and its components were estimated using gender-specific, forced entry logistic regression. OR [95% CI] for the MetS was 3.59 [2.25, 5.74] (p≤0.001) in women and 1.45 [1.02, 3.45] (p = 0.04) in men who jointly reported high TV viewing time and high snack food consumption. Obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension (women only) were also jointly associated with high TV viewing time and high snack food consumption. Further adjustment for diet quality and central adiposity maintained the associations in women. High snack food consumption was also shown to be independently associated with MetS risk [OR: 1.94 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.60), p < 0.001] and hypertension [OR: 1.43 (95% CI: 1

  20. Effect of Surface Roughness on Characteristics of Aerofoils N.A.C.A. 0012 and R.A.F. 34

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1936-02-13

    TABLE 3 N.A.C.A. 0012. Hand finished R x 10-« 0-164 0-312 0-63 0-98 1-44 1-47J 1-99 302 3-94 5- 52 ’ 7-20 i P. atmos. 1 1 21 j 3-6 4-8...Roughened FF R x ’.0-* 0-308 103 201 311 5- 52 P. a>.::ios. 1 3-9 7-9 11 -6 18-3 V.f./s 76-2 65-4 63-7 67-8 79-2 TABLE 6 N.A.C.A. 0012. Chromium...4 70-5 78-9 781 TABLE 7 R.A.F. 34. Hand finished R x 10-« 0-31 i 1 25 2-56 3- 52 4 51 5-47 6-47 2- 52 2- 52 7-17 I*. atmos. I 4-3 8-3 13-2 14-7

  1. 47 CFR 15.117 - TV broadcast receivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... service on the frequencies allocated for broadcast television service. (j) For a TV broadcast receiver... prominently display in close proximity to the images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers...

  2. 47 CFR 15.117 - TV broadcast receivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... service on the frequencies allocated for broadcast television service. (j) For a TV broadcast receiver... prominently display in close proximity to the images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers...

  3. Energy difference between the (v = 0, R = 1) and the (v = 0, R = 3) states of H2(+), measured with interseries microwave spectroscopy of H2 Rydberg states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arcuni, P. W.; Fu, Z. W.; Lundeen, S. R.

    1990-12-01

    Several transitions between specific Rydberg levels in the nearly degenerate (v = 0, R = 1) n = 28 and (v = 0, R = 3) n = 16 Rydberg manifolds of H2 with microwave spectroscopy. These measurements can be combined with calculations of the Rydberg fine structure to deduce the energy difference between the two states of the free H2(+) core. The result, E(v = 0, R = 3) - E(v = 0, R = 1) = 288.85900(8)/cm, represents the most precise determination to date of any spectral property of the hydrogen molecular ion.

  4. Comparative analysis of MicroRNA expression in dog lungs infected with the H3N2 and H5N1 canine influenza viruses.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Yun; Fu, Xinliang; Wang, Lifang; Zhang, Wenyan; Zhou, Pei; Zhang, Xin; Zeng, Weijie; Chen, Jidang; Cao, Zongxi; Jia, Kun; Li, Shoujun

    2018-05-14

    MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs 18 to 23 nucleotides (nt) in length, play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes. The objective of this study was to examine differences in microRNA expression profiles derived from the lungs of beagle dogs infected with the avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) or the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus (canine-origin isolation strain). After dogs were infected with H3N2 or H5N1, microRNA expression in the lungs was assessed using a deep-sequencing approach. To identify the roles of microRNAs in viral pathogenicity and the host immune response, microRNA target genes were predicted, and their functions were analyzed using bioinformatics software. A total of 229 microRNAs were upregulated in the H5N1 infection group compared with those in the H3N2 infection group, and 166 microRNAs were downregulated. MicroRNA target genes in the H5N1 group were more significantly involved in metabolic pathways, such as glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, than those in the H3N2 group. The inhibition of metabolic pathways may lead to appetite loss, weight loss and weakened immunity. Moreover, miR-485, miR-144, miR-133b, miR-4859-5p, miR-6902-3p, miR-7638, miR-1307-3p and miR-1346 were significantly altered microRNAs that potentially led to the inhibition of innate immune pathways and the heightened pathogenicity of H5N1 compared with that of H3N2 in dogs. This study deepens our understanding of the complex relationships among microRNAs, the influenza virus-mediated immune response and immune injury in dogs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. TV Tips for Parents: Using Television To Help Your Child Learn.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Washington, DC.

    Recognizing that children watch an average of 25 hours of television per week, this booklet is designed to help parents redirect their children's television viewing to higher quality programs. Ten "tips" are provided to help parents guide their children's television (TV) viewing: (1) set your child's TV schedule; (2) get involved (in the child's…

  6. Multiconfiguration Self-Consistent Field Study on Formonitrile Imine and N-Substituted Nitrile Imines HCN2-R: Energy Component Analysis of the Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Effect.

    PubMed

    Toyota, Azumao; Muramatsu, Takashi; Koseki, Shiro

    2017-03-23

    Stable geometrical structures for formonitrile imine (1) and N-substituted nitrile imines HCN 2 -R (R = Li, BeH, BH 2 , CH 3 , CN, CCH, C 6 H 5 , NH 2 , OH, and F) (2-11) were examined by using the multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) method followed by second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) calculations and second-order multiconfiguration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (MCQDPT2) calculations, together with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The results show that 1 suffers a pseudo-Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion from a linear C ∞v structure to a C 1 structure via a planar bent C s structure. Each of the others is found to undergo pseudo-JT distortion from a symmetrical structure to a planar bent C s structure for 2, 3, and 7 and to a C 1 structure for 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11. At the stationary structures of 1-11, the structural characteristics were briefly discussed in terms of allenic and propargylic. To elucidate the nature of pseudo-JT distortions, energy component analyses were carried out at the MCSCF+SOCI level of theory at all of the stationary structures for the relevant molecules. In most of the molecules examined, pseudo-JT stabilizations were classified into two groups, one in which the stability arises from a lowering of the energy of the attractive term V en and the other in which the stability results from a lowering of the energy of the repulsive terms V nn and V ee . In addition to the above two groups, it was also found that the following three groups are responsible for the pseudo-JT stabilizations in a certain stage of the structural changes. Namely, one is a lowering of the energy of the term V ee observed in 6, another is a lowering of the energy of the terms V ee and V en observed in 9-11, and the other is a lowering of the energy of the terms V en and V nn observed in 10. These energetic behaviors were accounted in terms of an elongation or a contraction of the molecular skeleton, a migration of electrons from one part of

  7. Low-mAs X-ray CT image reconstruction by adaptive-weighted TV-constrained penalized re-weighted least-squares

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Yan; Ma, Jianhua; Zhang, Hao; Wang, Jing; Liang, Zhengrong

    2014-01-01

    Background The negative effects of X-ray exposure, such as inducing genetic and cancerous diseases, has arisen more attentions. Objective This paper aims to investigate a penalized re-weighted least-square (PRWLS) strategy for low-mAs X-ray computed tomography image reconstruction by incorporating an adaptive weighted total variation (AwTV) penalty term and a noise variance model of projection data. Methods An AwTV penalty is introduced in the objective function by considering both piecewise constant property and local nearby intensity similarity of the desired image. Furthermore, the weight of data fidelity term in the objective function is determined by our recent study on modeling variance estimation of projection data in the presence of electronic background noise. Results The presented AwTV-PRWLS algorithm can achieve the highest full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) measurement, for data conditions of (1) full-view 10mA acquisition and (2) sparse-view 80mA acquisition. In comparison between the AwTV/TV-PRWLS strategies and the previous reported AwTV/TV-projection onto convex sets (AwTV/TV-POCS) approaches, the former can gain in terms of FWHM for data condition (1), but cannot gain for the data condition (2). Conclusions In the case of full-view 10mA projection data, the presented AwTV-PRWLS shows potential improvement. However, in the case of sparse-view 80mA projection data, the AwTV/TV-POCS shows advantage over the PRWLS strategies. PMID:25080113

  8. Substituted N-(Biphenyl-4′-yl)methyl (R)-2-Acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides: Potent Anticonvulsants That Affect Frequency (Use) Dependence and Slow Inactivation of Sodium Channels

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    We prepared 13 derivatives of N-(biphenyl-4′-yl)methyl (R)-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide that differed in type and placement of a R-substituent in the terminal aryl unit. We demonstrated that the R-substituent impacted the compound’s whole animal and cellular pharmacological activities. In rodents, select compounds exhibited excellent anticonvulsant activities and protective indices (PI = TD50/ED50) that compared favorably with clinical antiseizure drugs. Compounds with a polar, aprotic R-substituent potently promoted Na+ channel slow inactivation and displayed frequency (use) inhibition of Na+ currents at low micromolar concentrations. The possible advantage of affecting these two pathways to decrease neurological hyperexcitability is discussed. PMID:25004277

  9. Enhanced hybrid TV platform with multiscreen, advanced EPG and recommendation enablers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kovacik, Tomas; Bencel, Rastislav; Mato, Jan; Bronis, Roman; Truchly, Peter; Kotuliak, Ivan

    2017-05-01

    TV watching dramatically changes with introduction of new technologies such as Internet-connected TVs, enriched digital broadcasting (DVB), on-demand content, additional programme information, mobile phones and tablets enabling multiscreen functions etc that offer added values to content consumers. In this paper we propose modular advanced TV platform and its enablers enhancing TV watching. They allow users to receive aside of EPG also additional information about broadcasted content, to be reminded of requested programme, to utilize recommendation and search features, thanks to multiscreen functionality to allow users to take watched content with them or transfer it onto another device. The modularity of the platform allows new features to be added in future.

  10. Steric Effect on the Nucleophilic Reactivity of Nickel(III) Peroxo Complexes.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jalee; Shin, Bongki; Kim, Hyunjeong; Lee, Junhyung; Kang, Joongoo; Yanagisawa, Sachiko; Ogura, Takashi; Masuda, Hideki; Ozawa, Tomohiro; Cho, Jaeheung

    2015-07-06

    A set of nickel(III) peroxo complexes bearing tetraazamacrocyclic ligands, [Ni(III)(TBDAP)(O2)](+) (TBDAP = N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane) and [Ni(III)(CHDAP)(O2)](+) (CHDAP = N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane), were prepared by reacting [Ni(II)(TBDAP)(NO3)(H2O)](+) and [Ni(II)(CHDAP)(NO3)](+), respectively, with H2O2 in the presence of triethylamine. The mononuclear nickel(III) peroxo complexes were fully characterized by various physicochemical methods, such as UV-vis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, resonance Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray analysis. The spectroscopic and structural characterization clearly shows that the NiO2 cores are almost identical where the peroxo ligand is bound in a side-on fashion. However, the different steric properties of the supporting ligands were confirmed by X-ray crystallography, where the CHDAP ligand gives enough space around the Ni core compared to the TBDAP ligand. The nickel(III) peroxo complexes showed reactivity in the oxidation of aldehydes. In the aldehyde deformylation reaction, the nucleophilic reactivity of the nickel(III) peroxo complexes was highly dependent on the steric properties of the macrocyclic ligands, with a reactivity order of [Ni(III)(TBDAP)(O2)](+) < [Ni(III)(CHDAP)(O2)](+). This result provides fundamental insight into the mechanism of the structure (steric)-reactivity relationship of metal peroxo intermediates.

  11. Median prior constrained TV algorithm for sparse view low-dose CT reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yi; Shangguan, Hong; Zhang, Quan; Zhu, Hongqing; Shu, Huazhong; Gui, Zhiguo

    2015-05-01

    It is known that lowering the X-ray tube current (mAs) or tube voltage (kVp) and simultaneously reducing the total number of X-ray views (sparse view) is an effective means to achieve low-dose in computed tomography (CT) scan. However, the associated image quality by the conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) usually degrades due to the excessive quantum noise. Although sparse-view CT reconstruction algorithm via total variation (TV), in the scanning protocol of reducing X-ray tube current, has been demonstrated to be able to result in significant radiation dose reduction while maintain image quality, noticeable patchy artifacts still exist in reconstructed images. In this study, to address the problem of patchy artifacts, we proposed a median prior constrained TV regularization to retain the image quality by introducing an auxiliary vector m in register with the object. Specifically, the approximate action of m is to draw, in each iteration, an object voxel toward its own local median, aiming to improve low-dose image quality with sparse-view projection measurements. Subsequently, an alternating optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the associative objective function. We refer to the median prior constrained TV regularization as "TV_MP" for simplicity. Experimental results on digital phantoms and clinical phantom demonstrated that the proposed TV_MP with appropriate control parameters can not only ensure a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image, but also its resolution compared with the original TV method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 47 CFR 73.825 - Protection to reception of TV channel 6.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... stations authorized on TV Channel 6. FM channel number LPFM to TVchannel 6 (km) 201 98 202 97 203 95 204 94... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Low Power FM Broadcast Stations (LPFM) § 73.825 Protection to reception of TV channel 6. (a) LPFM stations will be authorized on Channels 201 through 220 only if the pertinent minimum...

  13. 47 CFR 73.825 - Protection to reception of TV channel 6.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... stations authorized on TV Channel 6. FM channel number LPFM to TVchannel 6 (km) 201 98 202 97 203 95 204 94... RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES Low Power FM Broadcast Stations (LPFM) § 73.825 Protection to reception of TV channel 6. (a) LPFM stations will be authorized on Channels 201 through 220 only if the pertinent minimum...

  14. 47 CFR 74.1205 - Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... station's Grade B contour, as set forth below. (1) The distances to the TV Channel 6 station Grade B (47 d... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations... showing that demonstrates compliance with paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section if it is within the...

  15. 47 CFR 74.1205 - Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... station's Grade B contour, as set forth below. (1) The distances to the TV Channel 6 station Grade B (47 d... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations... showing that demonstrates compliance with paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section if it is within the...

  16. 47 CFR 74.1205 - Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... station's Grade B contour, as set forth below. (1) The distances to the TV Channel 6 station Grade B (47 d... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations... showing that demonstrates compliance with paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section if it is within the...

  17. 47 CFR 74.1205 - Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... station's Grade B contour, as set forth below. (1) The distances to the TV Channel 6 station Grade B (47 d... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection of channel 6 TV broadcast stations... showing that demonstrates compliance with paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section if it is within the...

  18. Crystal structures of isomeric 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide, 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide and 3,5-di-chloro-N-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Shakuntala, K; Naveen, S; Lokanath, N K; Suchetan, P A

    2017-05-01

    The crystal structures of three isomeric compounds of formula C 14 H 13 Cl 2 NO 2 S, namely 3,5-di-chloro- N -(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide (I), 3,5-di-chloro- N -(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (II) and 3,5-di-chloro- N -(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (III) are described. The mol-ecules of all the three compounds are U-shaped with the two aromatic rings inclined at 41.3 (6)° in (I), 42.1 (2)° in (II) and 54.4 (3)° in (III). The mol-ecular conformation of (II) is stabilized by intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions. The crystal structure of (I) features N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R 2 2 (8) loops inter-connected via C (7) chains of C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional architecture. The structure also features π-π inter-actions [ Cg ⋯ Cg = 3.6970 (14) Å]. In (II), N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R 2 2 (8) loops are inter-connected via π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.606 (3) Å] to form a one-dimensional architecture running parallel to the a axis. In (III), adjacent C (4) chains of N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules running parallel to [010] are connected via C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane. Neighbouring sheets are linked via offset π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.8303 (16) Å] to form a three-dimensional architecture.

  19. Diazonium salt-mediated synthesis of new amino, hydroxy, propargyl, and maleinimido-containing superparamagnetic Fe@C nanoparticles as platforms for linking bio-entities or organocatalytic moieties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bunge, Alexander; Magerusan, Lidia; Morjan, Ion; Turcu, Rodica; Borodi, Gheorghe; Liebscher, Jürgen

    2015-09-01

    New magnetic Fe@C nanoparticles in the size range of about 20-50 nm functionalized with amino, hydroxy, propargyl, or maleinimido groups were synthesized by reaction with aryl diazonium salts. Aryl diazonium salts wherein the functional groups are linked via a sulfonamide moiety turned out to be advantageous over those with direct linkage. The obtained Fe@C nanoparticles represent magnetic nanoplatforms for linking bio-entities and organocatalysts using amide formation, CuAAC, or thiol-ene click chemistry as exemplified by selected examples. The Fe@C nanoparticles obtained exhibit supramolecular behavior with high value of saturation magnetization rendering them attractive for practical applications in biomedicine and organocatalysis.

  20. Practical Stannylation of Allyl Acetates Catalyzed by Nickel with Bu3 SnOMe.

    PubMed

    Komeyama, Kimihiro; Itai, Yuuhei; Takaki, Ken

    2016-06-27

    A practical and scalable nickel-catalyzed allylic stannylation of allyl acetates with Bu3 SnOMe is described. A variety of acyclic and cyclic allyl acetates, even with base-sensitive moieties, undergoes the stannylation by using NiBr2 /4,4'-di-tert-butylbipyridine (dtbpy)/Mn catalyst system to afford highly functionalized allyl stannanes with excellent regioselectivity and yields. Furthermore, the scope of protocol is also extended by the reaction of propargyl acetates, giving rise to propargyl or allenyl stannanes. Additionally, a unique diastereoselectivity using the nickel catalyst different from the palladium was demonstrated for the stannylation of cyclic allyl acetates. In the reaction, inexpensive and stable nickel complexes, abundant reductant (Mn), and atom-economical stannyl source were used. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Kinetic or Dynamic Control on a Bifurcating Potential Energy Surface? An Experimental and DFT Study of Gold-Catalyzed Ring Expansion and Spirocyclization of 2-Propargyl-β-tetrahydrocarbolines.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Lei; Wang, Yi; Yao, Zhu-Jun; Wang, Shaozhong; Yu, Zhi-Xiang

    2015-10-21

    In classical transition state theory, a transition state is connected to its reactant(s) and product(s). Recently, chemists found that reaction pathways may bifurcate after a transition state, leading to two or more sets of products. The product distribution for such a reaction containing a bifurcating potential energy surface (bPES) is usually determined by the shape of the bPES and dynamic factors. However, if the bPES leads to two intermediates (other than two products), which then undergo further transformations to give different final products, what factors control the selectivity is still not fully examined. This missing link in transition state theory is founded in the present study. Aiming to develop new methods for the synthesis of azocinoindole derivatives, we found that 2-propargyl-β-tetrahydrocarbolines can undergo ring expansion and spirocyclization under gold catalysis. DFT study revealed that the reaction starts with the intramolecular cyclization of the gold-activated 2-propargyl-β-tetrahydrocarboline with a bPES. The cyclization intermediates can not only interconvert into each other via a [1,5]-alkenyl shift, but also undergo ring expansion (through fragmentation/protodeauration mechanism) or spirocyclization (through deprotonation/protodeauration mechanism). Detailed analysis of the complex PESs for substrates with different substituents indicated that the reaction selectivity is under dynamic control if the interconversion of the intermediates is slower than the ring expansion and spirocyclization processes. Otherwise, the chemical outcome is under typical kinetic control and determined by the relative preference of ring expansion versus spirocyclization pathways. The present study may enrich chemist's understanding of the determinants for selectivities on bPESs.

  2. Correlations for the Viscosity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E))†

    PubMed Central

    Huber, Marcia L.; Assael, Marc J.

    2016-01-01

    Due to concerns about global warming, there is interest in 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) as potential replacements for refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP). In this manuscript we survey available data and provide viscosity correlations that cover the entire fluid range including vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions. The correlation for R1234yf is valid from the triple point (220 K) to 410 K at pressures up to 30 MPa, and the correlation for R1234ze(E) is valid from the triple point (169 K) to 420 K at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty for both correlations at a 95 % confidence level is 2 % for the liquid phase over the temperature range 243 K to 363 K at pressures to 30 MPa, and 3 % for the gas phase at atmospheric pressure. PMID:27840461

  3. Status of availability of Mariner 10 (1973-085A) TV picture data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    The Mariner 10 TV data now available from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) are described, and the procedures for ordering these data are explained. Descriptions of the TV data products and supporting documentation scheduled to become available through NSSDC in the future are also included.

  4. The MiSPOT System: Personalized Publicity and Marketing over Interactive Digital TV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    López-Nores, Martín; Pazos-Arias, José Juan; Blanco-Fernández, Yolanda; García-Duque, Jorge; Tubío-Pardavila, Ricardo; Rey-López, Marta

    The development of Interactive Digital TV bears a great potential for electronic commerce, which remains heavily underexploited to date. The early initiatives to harness these technologies rely on the advertising techniques traditionally employed by the television industry, which have proven deficiencies related to viewers' comfort, locality and targeting. Furthermore, out of dedicated channels, there are very few attempts to provide interactive commercial functionalities through the TV, for example to sell products or to hire services. This chapter presents an overview of a system called MiSPOT that introduces solutions to these problems in two levels: (i) to advertise items that match the preferences and needs of the viewers, without interfering with their enjoyment of the TV programs; and (ii) to assemble specialized interactive applications that provide them with tailor-made commercial functionalities. These solutions are grounded on techniques from the Semantic Web, and are valid for both domestic TV receivers and mobile ones.

  5. Look who's cooking. Investigating the relationship between watching educational and edutainment TV cooking shows, eating habits and everyday cooking practices among men and women in Belgium.

    PubMed

    De Backer, Charlotte J S; Hudders, Liselot

    2016-01-01

    Television (TV) cooking shows have evolved from focusing on educating to focusing on entertaining, as well. At present, educational TV cooking shows focus on the transfer of cooking knowledge and skills, whereas edutainment TV cooking shows focus on entertaining their viewers. Both types of shows are ongoing success stories. However, little is known regarding the shows' links with the cooking and eating habits of their audiences. Therefore, the current study investigates the relationship between watching an educational or edutainment TV cooking show and one's cooking and eating habits. Given public health concerns regarding the decline in cooking behaviors and the simultaneous increase in caloric intake from food outside the home, this study suggests a promising intervention. The results of a cross-sectional survey in Belgium (n = 845) demonstrate that the audiences of educational and edutainment TV cooking shows do not overlap. Although there is little connection between watching specific shows and eating behavior, the connection between watching shows and cooking behaviors varies across gender and age lines. Behaviors also differ depending on whether the viewer is watching an educational or edutainment cooking show. For example, men of all ages appear to cook more often if they watch an educational show. However, only older men (above 38 years) seem to cook more often if they watch an edutainment TV show. The results demonstrate that the relationship between watching TV cooking shows and cooking habits warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Modeling Periodic Impulsive Effects on Online TV Series Diffusion.

    PubMed

    Fu, Peihua; Zhu, Anding; Fang, Qiwen; Wang, Xi

    Online broadcasting substantially affects the production, distribution, and profit of TV series. In addition, online word-of-mouth significantly affects the diffusion of TV series. Because on-demand streaming rates are the most important factor that influences the earnings of online video suppliers, streaming statistics and forecasting trends are valuable. In this paper, we investigate the effects of periodic impulsive stimulation and pre-launch promotion on on-demand streaming dynamics. We consider imbalanced audience feverish distribution using an impulsive susceptible-infected-removed(SIR)-like model. In addition, we perform a correlation analysis of online buzz volume based on Baidu Index data. We propose a PI-SIR model to evolve audience dynamics and translate them into on-demand streaming fluctuations, which can be observed and comprehended by online video suppliers. Six South Korean TV series datasets are used to test the model. We develop a coarse-to-fine two-step fitting scheme to estimate the model parameters, first by fitting inter-period accumulation and then by fitting inner-period feverish distribution. We find that audience members display similar viewing habits. That is, they seek new episodes every update day but fade away. This outcome means that impulsive intensity plays a crucial role in on-demand streaming diffusion. In addition, the initial audience size and online buzz are significant factors. On-demand streaming fluctuation is highly correlated with online buzz fluctuation. To stimulate audience attention and interpersonal diffusion, it is worthwhile to invest in promotion near update days. Strong pre-launch promotion is also a good marketing tool to improve overall performance. It is not advisable for online video providers to promote several popular TV series on the same update day. Inter-period accumulation is a feasible forecasting tool to predict the future trend of the on-demand streaming amount. The buzz in public social communities

  7. Modeling Periodic Impulsive Effects on Online TV Series Diffusion

    PubMed Central

    Fang, Qiwen; Wang, Xi

    2016-01-01

    Background Online broadcasting substantially affects the production, distribution, and profit of TV series. In addition, online word-of-mouth significantly affects the diffusion of TV series. Because on-demand streaming rates are the most important factor that influences the earnings of online video suppliers, streaming statistics and forecasting trends are valuable. In this paper, we investigate the effects of periodic impulsive stimulation and pre-launch promotion on on-demand streaming dynamics. We consider imbalanced audience feverish distribution using an impulsive susceptible-infected-removed(SIR)-like model. In addition, we perform a correlation analysis of online buzz volume based on Baidu Index data. Methods We propose a PI-SIR model to evolve audience dynamics and translate them into on-demand streaming fluctuations, which can be observed and comprehended by online video suppliers. Six South Korean TV series datasets are used to test the model. We develop a coarse-to-fine two-step fitting scheme to estimate the model parameters, first by fitting inter-period accumulation and then by fitting inner-period feverish distribution. Results We find that audience members display similar viewing habits. That is, they seek new episodes every update day but fade away. This outcome means that impulsive intensity plays a crucial role in on-demand streaming diffusion. In addition, the initial audience size and online buzz are significant factors. On-demand streaming fluctuation is highly correlated with online buzz fluctuation. Conclusion To stimulate audience attention and interpersonal diffusion, it is worthwhile to invest in promotion near update days. Strong pre-launch promotion is also a good marketing tool to improve overall performance. It is not advisable for online video providers to promote several popular TV series on the same update day. Inter-period accumulation is a feasible forecasting tool to predict the future trend of the on-demand streaming amount

  8. Structure-Activity Relationships of Peptides Incorporating a Bioactive Reverse-Turn Heterocycle at the Melanocortin Receptors: Identification of a 5,800-fold Mouse Melanocortin-3 Receptor (mMC3R) Selective Antagonist/Partial Agonist versus the Mouse Melanocortin-4 Receptor (mMC4R)

    PubMed Central

    Singh, Anamika; Dirain, Marvin; Witek, Rachel; Rocca, James R.; Edison, Arthur S; Haskell-Luevano, Carrie

    2013-01-01

    The melanocortin-3 (MC3) and melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptors regulate energy homeostasis, food intake, and associated physiological conditions. The MC4R has been studied extensively. Less is known about specific physiological roles of the MC3R. A major obstacle to this lack of knowledge is attributed to a limited number of identified MC3R selective ligands. We previously reported a spatial scanning approach of a 10-membered thioether-heterocycle ring incorporated into a chimeric peptide template that identified a lead nM MC4R ligand. Based upon those results, 17 compounds were designed and synthesized that focused upon modification in the pharmacophore domain. Notable results include the identification of a 0.13 nM potent 5800-fold mMC3R selective antagonist/slight partial agonist versus a 760 nM mMC4R full agonist (ligand 11). Biophysical experiments (2D 1H NMR and computer assisted molecular modeling) of this ligand resulted in the identification of an inverse γ-turn secondary structure in the ligand pharmacophore domain. PMID:23432160

  9. B.R.N.O. Contributions #40 Times of minima

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juryšek, J.; Hoňková, K.; Šmelcer, L.; Mašek, M.; Lehký, M.; Bílek, F.; Mazanec, J.; Hanžl, D.; Magris, M.; Nosál, P.; Bragagnolo, U.; Medulka, T.; Vraš&tacute; ák, M.; Urbaník, M.; Auer, R. F.; Sergey, I.; Jacobsen, J.; Alessandroni, M. R.; Andreatta, C.; Antonio, Ch. F.; Artola, R.; Audejean, M.; Balanzino, L.; Banfi, M.; Bazán, R. S.; Borgonovo, M.; Cagaš, P.; Čaloud, J.; Campos, F.; Čapková, H.; Černíková, V.; Červinka, L.; Chiavassa, A.; Dřevěný, R.; Durantini, L. H.; Ferraro, M. E.; Ferrero, G.; Girardini, C.; Gudmundsson, S.; Guzzo, P.; Guevara, N.; Hladík, B.; Horník, M.; Jakš, S.; Janoštiak, L.; Jelínek, M.; Kalášek, J.; Kalmbach, R.; Kubica, T.; Kučáková, H.; Liška, J.; Lomoz, F.; López, O. Ch.; Lovato, B. M.; Morero, S.; Mrllák, R.; Mrňák, P.; Persha, G.; Pignata, R.; Pintr, P.; Popov, A.; Portillo, L. F. T.; Quiñones, C.; Rodriguez, E.; Ruocco, N.; Scaggiante, F.; Scavuzzo, A.; Šebela, P.; Šimkovič, S.; Školník, V.; Skubák, P.; Smolka, M.; Špecián, M.; Šuchaň, J.; Tornatore, M.; Trnka, J.; Tylšar, M.; Walter, F.; Zardin, D.; Zejda, M.; Zíbar, M.; Ziková, A.

    2017-03-01

    This paper presents 3394 times of minima for 1096 objects acquired by 82 members and cooperating observers of the Variable Star and Exoplanet Section of the Czech Astronomical Society (B.R.N.O. Observing project). Observations were carried out between October 2014 and November 2016. Some newly discovered stars by the observers of project B.R.N.O. are included in the list.

  10. Towards the Understanding of Resistance Mechanisms in Clinically Isolated Trimethoprim-resistant, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Dihydrofolate Reductase

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Frey, K.; Lombardo, M; Wright, D

    2010-01-01

    Resistance to therapeutics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has become an increasing problem in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Clinically isolated trimethoprim-resistant strains reveal a double mutation, H30N/F98Y, in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In order to develop novel and effective therapeutics against these resistant strains, we evaluated a series of propargyl-linked antifolate lead compounds for inhibition of the mutant enzyme. For the propargyl-linked antifolates, the F98Y mutation generates minimal (between 1.2- and 6-fold) losses of affinity and the H30N mutation generates greater losses (between 2.4- and 48-fold). Conversely, trimethoprim affinity is largely diminished by the F98Y mutation (36-fold) and is not affectedmore » by the H30N mutation. In order to elucidate a mechanism of resistance, we determined a crystal structure of a complex of this double mutant with a lead propargyl-linked antifolate. This structure suggests a resistance mechanism consistent both for the propargyl-linked class of antifolates and for trimethoprim that is based on the loss of a conserved water-mediated hydrogen bond.« less

  11. Research on the Integration of IT Network Technology and TV Production and Broadcasting System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Wenqing

    2017-12-01

    In recent years, based on the development of China’s economy and the progress of science and technology, China’s TV industry has made great progress and provided a new platform for residents to understand the social situation. In this situation, in order to protect the efficiency of the TV system and the steady improvement on quality, technical staff have strengthened the rational use of IT technology, and as a basis to promote the sound of television production system. Based on this, this paper focuses on the connotation of IT network technology, and discusses the integration of the design and TV production system, hoping to realize the sustainable development of China’s TV industry.

  12. Charged Propargyl-Linked Antifolates Reveal Mechanisms of Antifolate Resistance and Inhibit Trimethoprim-Resistant MRSA Strains Possessing Clinically Relevant Mutations.

    PubMed

    Reeve, Stephanie M; Scocchera, Eric; Ferreira, Jacob J; G-Dayanandan, Narendran; Keshipeddy, Santosh; Wright, Dennis L; Anderson, Amy C

    2016-07-14

    Drug-resistant enzymes must balance catalytic function with inhibitor destabilization to provide a fitness advantage. This sensitive balance, often involving very subtle structural changes, must be achieved through a selection process involving a minimal number of eligible point mutations. As part of a program to design propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs) against trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Staphylococcus aureus, we have conducted a thorough study of several clinically observed chromosomal mutations in the enzyme at the cellular, biochemical, and structural levels. Through this work, we have identified a promising lead series that displays significantly greater activity against these mutant enzymes and strains than TMP. The best inhibitors have enzyme inhibition and MIC values near or below that of trimethoprim against wild-type S. aureus. Moreover, these studies employ a series of crystal structures of several mutant enzymes bound to the same inhibitor; analysis of the structures reveals a more detailed molecular understanding of drug resistance in this important enzyme.

  13. TvMP50 is an Immunogenic Metalloproteinase during Male Trichomoniasis*

    PubMed Central

    Quintas-Granados, Laura Itzel; Villalpando, José Luis; Vázquez-Carrillo, Laura Isabel; Arroyo, Rossana; Mendoza-Hernández, Guillermo; Álvarez-Sánchez, María Elizbeth

    2013-01-01

    Trichomonas vaginalis, a human urogenital tract parasite, is capable of surviving in the male microenvironment, despite of the presence of Zn2+. Concentrations > 1.6 mm of Zn2+ have a trichomonacidal effect; however, in the presence of ≤1.6 mm Zn2+, several trichomonad proteins are up- or down-regulated. Herein, we analyzed the proteome of a T. vaginalis male isolate (HGMN01) grown in the presence of Zn2+ and found 32 protein spots that were immunorecognized by male trichomoniasis patient serum. Using mass spectrometry (MS), the proteins were identified and compared with 23 spots that were immunorecognized in the proteome of a female isolate using the same serum. Interestingly, we found a 50-kDa metallopeptidase (TvMP50). Unexpectedly, this proteinase was immunodetected by the serum of male trichomoniasis patients but not by the female patient serum or sera from healthy men and women. We analyzed the T. vaginalis genome and localized the mp50 gene in locus TVAG_403460. Using an RT-PCR assay, we amplified a 1320-bp mp50 mRNA transcript that was expressed in the presence of Zn2+ in the HGMN01 and CNCD147 T. vaginalis isolates. According to a Western blot assay, native TvMP50 was differentially expressed in the presence of Zn2+. The TvMP50 proteolytic activity increased in the presence of Zn2+ in both isolates and was inhibited by EDTA but not by ptosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), E64, leupeptin, or phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride. Furthermore, the recombinant TvMP50 had proteolytic activity that was inhibited by EDTA. These data suggested that TvMP50 is immunogenic during male trichomoniasis, and Zn2+ induces its expression. PMID:23579185

  14. Electron impact excitation of the q{sup 1}S {r_arrow}n{sup 1}P (n=3,4) transitions in helium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khakoo, M.A.; Rugamas, F.; Roundy, D.

    1996-05-01

    Experimental differential cross-section (DCS) ratios for the above transitions to the 1{sup 1}S {r_arrow} 2{sup 1}P transition are reported at impact energies of 30eV, 40eV and 80eV and scattering angles in the range of 5{degrees} to 130{degrees}. The data are an extension of previously reported work using the electron-photon coincidence method in the VUV. The DCS ratios are normalized to available absolute DCSs for the 1{sup 1}S {r_arrow} 2{sup 1}P transition and the resulting n{sup 1}P DCSs are compared to previous semi-empirical DCSs as well as available theory.

  15. Moving People from Science Adjacent to Science Doers with Twitch.tv

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gay, Pamela L.; CosmoQuest

    2017-10-01

    The CosmoQuest community is testing the ability to attract people from playing online videogames to doing fully online citizen science by engaging people through the Twitch.tv streaming platform. Twitch.tv launched in 2011 as an online platform for video gamers to stream their gameplay while providing narrative. In its six years of regular growth, the platform has added support for people playing non-video games, and for those participating in non-game activities. As part of their expansion, in April 2017, Twitch.tv hosted a science week during which they streamed the Cosmos series and allowed different feeds provide real-time commentary. They also hosted panel discussions on a variety of science topics. CosmoQuest participated in this event and used it as a jumping off point for beginning to interact with Twitch.tv community members online. With CosmoQuest’s beta launch of Image Detectives, they expanded their use of this streaming platform to include regular “office hours”, during which team members did science with CosmoQuest’s online projects, took questions from community members, and otherwise promoted the CosmoQuest community. This presentation examines this case study, and looks at how well different kinds of Twitter engagements attracted audiences, the conversion rate from viewer to subscriber, and at how effectively CosmoQuest was able to migrate users from viewing citizen science on Twitch.tv to participating in citizen science on CosmoQuest.org.This project was supported through NASA cooperative agreement NNX17AD20A.

  16. Controlled vapor crystal growth of N a4I r3O8 : A three-dimensional quantum spin liquid candidate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Hong; Zhang, Junjie; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Ren, Yang; Chen, Yu-Sheng; Dally, Rebecca; Wilson, Stephen D.; Islam, Zahirul; Mitchell, J. F.

    2018-04-01

    We report the successful bulk single-crystal growth of the hyperkagome lattice iridate N a4I r3O8 (Na438) by vapor transport using a sealed aluminum oxide tube as a container. Crystals were characterized by magnetization, x-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray measurements, confirming their identity and properties. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction experiments revealed superlattice peaks indexed on a propagation vector q =(1 /3 ,1 /3 ,1 /3 ) based on the cubic substructure with cell parameter a =8.986 (1 )Å . This superlattice is three-dimensional and fully coherent. Polarization analysis rules out spin and/or orbital order as the underlying origin of the modulation and points to long-range ordering of Na ions at the notionally disordered Na sites as a plausible origin for the observed superlattice.

  17. Nanoparticle Delivery of miR-34a Eradicates Long-term-cultured Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Targeting C22ORF28 Directly

    PubMed Central

    Lin, Xiaoti; Chen, Weiyu; Wei, Fengqin; Zhou, Binhua P.; Hung, Mien-Chie; Xie, Xiaoming

    2017-01-01

    Rationale: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated as the seeds of therapeutic resistance and metastasis, due to their unique abilities of self-renew, wide differentiation potentials and resistance to most conventional therapies. It is a proactive strategy for cancer therapy to eradicate CSCs. Methods: Tumor tissue-derived breast CSCs (BCSC), including XM322 and XM607, were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS); while cell line-derived BCSC, including MDA-MB-231.SC and MCF-7.SC, were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Analyses of microRNA and mRNA expression array profiles were performed in multiple breast cell lines. The mentioned nanoparticles were constructed following the standard molecular cloning protocol. Tissue microarray analysis has been used to study 217 cases of clinical breast cancer specimens. Results: Here, we have successfully established four long-term maintenance BCSC that retain their tumor-initiating biological properties. Our analyses of microarray and qRT-PCR explored that miR-34a is the most pronounced microRNA for investigation of BCSC. We establish hTERT promoter-driven VISA delivery of miR-34a (TV-miR-34a) plasmid that can induce high throughput of miR-34a expression in BCSC. TV-miR-34a significantly inhibited the tumor-initiating properties of long-term-cultured BCSC in vitro and reduced the proliferation of BCSC in vivo by an efficient and safe way. TV-miR-34a synergizes with docetaxel, a standard therapy for invasive breast cancer, to act as a BCSC inhibitor. Further mechanistic investigation indicates that TV-miR-34a directly prevents C22ORF28 accumulation, which abrogates clonogenicity and tumor growth and correlates with low miR-34 and high C22ORF28 levels in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Taken together, we generated four long-term maintenance BCSC derived from either clinical specimens or cell lines, which would be greatly beneficial to the research progress in breast cancer patients. We

  18. Structured Sparse Principal Components Analysis With the TV-Elastic Net Penalty.

    PubMed

    de Pierrefeu, Amicie; Lofstedt, Tommy; Hadj-Selem, Fouad; Dubois, Mathieu; Jardri, Renaud; Fovet, Thomas; Ciuciu, Philippe; Frouin, Vincent; Duchesnay, Edouard

    2018-02-01

    Principal component analysis (PCA) is an exploratory tool widely used in data analysis to uncover the dominant patterns of variability within a population. Despite its ability to represent a data set in a low-dimensional space, PCA's interpretability remains limited. Indeed, the components produced by PCA are often noisy or exhibit no visually meaningful patterns. Furthermore, the fact that the components are usually non-sparse may also impede interpretation, unless arbitrary thresholding is applied. However, in neuroimaging, it is essential to uncover clinically interpretable phenotypic markers that would account for the main variability in the brain images of a population. Recently, some alternatives to the standard PCA approach, such as sparse PCA (SPCA), have been proposed, their aim being to limit the density of the components. Nonetheless, sparsity alone does not entirely solve the interpretability problem in neuroimaging, since it may yield scattered and unstable components. We hypothesized that the incorporation of prior information regarding the structure of the data may lead to improved relevance and interpretability of brain patterns. We therefore present a simple extension of the popular PCA framework that adds structured sparsity penalties on the loading vectors in order to identify the few stable regions in the brain images that capture most of the variability. Such structured sparsity can be obtained by combining, e.g., and total variation (TV) penalties, where the TV regularization encodes information on the underlying structure of the data. This paper presents the structured SPCA (denoted SPCA-TV) optimization framework and its resolution. We demonstrate SPCA-TV's effectiveness and versatility on three different data sets. It can be applied to any kind of structured data, such as, e.g., -dimensional array images or meshes of cortical surfaces. The gains of SPCA-TV over unstructured approaches (such as SPCA and ElasticNet PCA) or structured approach

  19. TV Viewing, Perceived Similarity, Coviewing, and Mental Well-Being among African American, Latino, and White Children

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McDade-Montez, Elizabeth; Wallander, Jan; Elliott, Marc; Grunbaum, Jo Anne; Tortolero, Susan; Cuccaro, Paula; Schuster, Mark A.

    2015-01-01

    Research among adults has demonstrated concurrent and prospective negative associations between TV viewing and mental health, yet little research has examined these associations among African American and Latino youth or examined the role of children's involvement with TV and parental mediation of TV viewing via coviewing. The purpose of the…

  20. Investigating the Added Value of Interactivity and Serious Gaming for Educational TV

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bellotti, F.; Berta, R.; De Gloria, A.; Ozolina, A.

    2011-01-01

    TV is a medium with high penetration rates and has been suited to deliver informal education in several aspects since years. Thus, interactive TV may play a significant role in the current Life-Long Learning challenges, provided that meaningful applications are implemented. In this research work, we have explored the added value of interactivity…

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