A survey of ectoparasite infestations in stray dogs of Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Chee, Jeong Hyun; Kwon, Jung Kee; Cho, Ho Seong; Cho, Kyoung Oh; Lee, Yu Jin; Abd El-Aty, A M; Abdel-Aty, A M; Shin, Sung Shik

2008-03-01

This study was designed to investigate the incidence of ectoparasite infestation among stray dogs in Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea. A total of 103 stray dogs collected in the Animal Shelter of Gwang-ju City from November 2003 to August 2005 were investigated in this study. Ectoparasites of one or more genera were detected in 45.6% (47 / 103) of the dogs examined for dermatologic lesions and/or skin scrapings (from 3-5 affected areas). Otodectes cynotis was found to be the most frequent parasite (22.3%, 23 / 103), followed by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis (19.4%, 20 / 103), Ctenocephalides canis (6.8%, 7 / 103), Demodex canis (4.9%, 5 / 103), and Trichodectes canis (1.0%, 1 / 103). Monospecific infestation was found in 83.0% (39 / 47) of the affected dogs, whereas concurrent infestations with 2 or more ectoparasites per animal were found in 17.0% (8 / 47) of the affected dogs. Trichodectes canis is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea. Dogs less than 1 yr old were more heavily infected than other age groups (66.7%), and small-sized dogs of less than 3 kg body weight were more heavily infected than larger dogs (41.7%).

A Survey of Ectoparasite Infestations in Stray Dogs of Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea

PubMed Central

Chee, Jeong-Hyun; Kwon, Jung-Kee; Cho, Ho-Seong; Cho, Kyoung-Oh; Lee, Yu-Jin; Abd El-Aty, A. M.

2008-01-01

This study was designed to investigate the incidence of ectoparasite infestation among stray dogs in Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea. A total of 103 stray dogs collected in the Animal Shelter of Gwang-ju City from November 2003 to August 2005 were investigated in this study. Ectoparasites of one or more genera were detected in 45.6% (47 / 103) of the dogs examined for dermatologic lesions and/or skin scrapings (from 3-5 affected areas). Otodectes cynotis was found to be the most frequent parasite (22.%, 23 / 103), followed by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis (19.4%, 20 / 103), Ctenocephalides canis (6.8%, 7 / 103), Demodex canis (4.9%, 5 / 103), and Trichodectes canis (1.0%, 1 / 103). Monospecific infestation was found in 83.0% (39 / 47) of the affected dogs, whereas concurrent infestations with 2 or more ectoparasites per animal were found in 17.0% (8 / 47) of the affected dogs. Trichodectes canis is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea. Dogs less than 1 yr old were more heavily infected than other age groups (66.7%), and small-sized dogs of less than 3 kg body weight were more heavily infected than larger dogs (41.7%). PMID:18344673

N/om, Change, and Social Work: A Recursive Frame Analysis of the Transformative Rituals of the Ju/'hoan Bushmen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keeney, Hillary; Keeney, Bradford

2013-01-01

The Ju/'hoan Bushman origin myth is depicted as a contextual frame for their healing and transformative ways. Using Recursive Frame Analysis, these performances are shown to be an enactment of the border crossing between First and Second Creation, that is, pre-linguistic and linguistic domains of experience. Here n/om, or the presumed creative…

Double Exposure and the Climate Gap: Changing demographics and extreme heat in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

PubMed Central

Collins, Timothy W.; McDonald, Yolanda J.; Aldouri, Raed; Aboargob, Faraj; Eldeb, Abdelatif; Aguilar, María de Lourdes Romo; Velázquez-Angulo, Juárez Gilberto

2013-01-01

Scholars have recognized a climate gap, wherein poor communities face disproportionate impacts of climate change. Others have noted that climate change and economic globalization may mutually affect a region or social group, leading to double exposure. This paper investigates how current and changing patterns of neighborhood demographics are associated with extreme heat in the border city of Juárez, Mexico. Many Juárez neighborhoods are at-risk to triple exposures, in which residents suffer due to the conjoined effects of the global recession, drug war violence, and extreme heat. Due to impacts of the recession on maquiladora employment and the explosion of drug violence (since 2008), over 75% of neighborhoods experienced decreasing population density between 2000 and 2010 and the average neighborhood saw a 40% increase in the proportion of older adults. Neighborhoods with greater drops in population density and increases in the proportion of older residents over the decade are at significantly higher risk to extreme heat, as are neighborhoods with lower population density and lower levels of education. In this context, triple exposures are associated with a climate gap that most endangers lower socioeconomic status and increasingly older aged populations remaining in neighborhoods from which high proportions of residents have departed. PMID:25642135

Double Exposure and the Climate Gap: Changing demographics and extreme heat in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

PubMed

Grineski, Sara E; Collins, Timothy W; McDonald, Yolanda J; Aldouri, Raed; Aboargob, Faraj; Eldeb, Abdelatif; Aguilar, María de Lourdes Romo; Velázquez-Angulo, Juárez Gilberto

2015-02-01

Scholars have recognized a climate gap, wherein poor communities face disproportionate impacts of climate change. Others have noted that climate change and economic globalization may mutually affect a region or social group, leading to double exposure. This paper investigates how current and changing patterns of neighborhood demographics are associated with extreme heat in the border city of Juárez, Mexico. Many Juárez neighborhoods are at-risk to triple exposures, in which residents suffer due to the conjoined effects of the global recession, drug war violence, and extreme heat. Due to impacts of the recession on maquiladora employment and the explosion of drug violence (since 2008), over 75% of neighborhoods experienced decreasing population density between 2000 and 2010 and the average neighborhood saw a 40% increase in the proportion of older adults. Neighborhoods with greater drops in population density and increases in the proportion of older residents over the decade are at significantly higher risk to extreme heat, as are neighborhoods with lower population density and lower levels of education. In this context, triple exposures are associated with a climate gap that most endangers lower socioeconomic status and increasingly older aged populations remaining in neighborhoods from which high proportions of residents have departed.

Exploring the efficacy of an environmental health intervention in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

PubMed

Hernández, Alma A; Grineski, Sara E

2010-01-01

This study explores the efficacy of an environmental health intervention in several poor colonias in Ciudad Juárez (Mexico). Parents of children with respiratory problems were given environment-friendly products intended to replace hazardous products used in the home, as well as information about environmental health. Parents were surveyed before and after to measure the effectiveness of the intervention and to gauge perceptions. There was a significant reduction in hazardous chemical use (eg, cleaning products and pesticides) and breathing problems. While the intervention focused on changing in-home behaviors, open-ended responses revealed that parents were most concerned about outdoor environmental conditions over which they had less control.

Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis Martius) subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

PubMed

Schulz, Mayara; Biluca, Fabíola Carina; Gonzaga, Luciano Valdemiro; Borges, Graciele da Silva Campelo; Vitali, Luciano; Micke, Gustavo Amadeu; de Gois, Jefferson Santos; de Almeida, Tarcisio Silva; Borges, Daniel Lazaro Gallindo; Miller, Paul Richard Momsen; Costa, Ana Carolina Oliveira; Fett, Roseane

2017-08-01

An in vitro method involving simulated gastrointestinal digestion was used to assess the bioaccessibility of fifteen minerals, twenty-two phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity in juçara fruit during seven ripening stages. For minerals and phenolics, respectively, initial contents were up to 1325.9 and 22.9mg100g -1 , whereas after in vitro digestion, the maximum values were 556.7 and 14.43mg100g -1 (dry matter). Antioxidant capacity, determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), after in vitro digestion decreased 51-78% when compared to the crude extract. Bioaccessible fractions of quercetin, protocatechuic and p-coumaric acids presented positive and significant correlation with results of DPPH and FRAP. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the ripening stages of juçara fruit influenced the bioaccessibility of compounds and antioxidant capacity, which presented higher levels in purple fruits collected 42-69days after the appearance of the red berries on bunches. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|'hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae).

PubMed

Chaboo, Caroline S; Biesele, Megan; Hitchcock, Robert K; Weeks, Andrea

2016-01-01

The use of archery to hunt appears relatively late in human history. It is poorly understood but the application of poisons to arrows to increase lethality must have occurred shortly after developing bow hunting methods; these early multi-stage transitions represent cognitive shifts in human evolution. This paper is a synthesis of widely-scattered literature in anthropology, entomology, and chemistry, dealing with San ("Bushmen") arrow poisons. The term San (or Khoisan) covers many indigenous groups using so-called 'click languages' in southern Africa. Beetles are used for arrow poison by at least eight San groups and one non-San group. Fieldwork and interviews with Ju|'hoan and Hai||om hunters in Namibia revealed major differences in the nature and preparation of arrow poisons, bow and arrow construction, and poison antidote. Ju|'hoan hunters use leaf-beetle larvae of Diamphidia Gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) collected from soil around the host plants Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. and Commiphora angolensis Engl. (Burseracaeae). In the Nyae Nyae area of Namibia, Ju|'hoan hunters use larvae of Diamphidia nigroornata Ståhl. Larvae and adults live above-ground on the plants and eat leaves, but the San collect the underground cocoons to extract the mature larvae. Larval hemolymph is mixed with saliva and applied to arrows. Hai||om hunters boil the milky plant sap of Adenium bohemianum Schinz (Apocynaceae) to reduce it to a thick paste that is applied to their arrows. The socio-cultural, historical, and ecological contexts of the various San groups may determine differences in the sources and preparation of poisons, bow and arrow technology, hunting behaviors, poison potency, and perhaps antidotes.

Quaternary alluvial fans of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, northern México: OSL ages and implications for climatic history of the region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zúñiga de León, David; Kershaw, Stephen; Mahan, Shannon

2016-01-01

Alluvial fans formed from sediments derived from erosion of the Juárez Mountains in northernmost México have a significant flood impact on the Ciudad Juárez, which is built on the fan system. The northern part of Ciudad Juárez is the most active; further south, older parts of the fan, upon which the rest of the city is built, were largely eroded by natural processes prior to human habitation and subsequently modified only recently by human construction. Three aeolian sand samples, collected from the uppermost (youngest) parts of the fan system in the city area, in places where human intervention has not disturbed the sediment, and constrain the latest dates of fan building. Depositional ages of the Quaternary alluvial fans were measured using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) on aeolian sands that have inter-fingered with alluvial fan material. These dates are: a) sample P1, 31 ka; b) sample P2, 41 ka; c) sample P3, 74 ka, between Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS) 3 to 5. They demonstrate that fan development, in the area now occupied by the city, terminated in the Late Pleistocene, immediately after what we interpret to have been an extended period of erosion without further deposition, lasting from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. The three dates broadly correspond to global glacial periods, implying that the cool, dry periods may reflect periods of aeolian transport in northern México in between phases that were wetter to form the alluvial fans. Alluvial fan margins inter-finger with fluvial terrace sediments derived from the Río Bravo, indicating an additional component of fan dissection by Río Bravo lateral erosion, presumed to be active during earlier times than our OSL ages, but these are not yet dated. Further dating is required to ascertain the controls on the fan and fluvial system.

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

PubMed Central

Chaboo, Caroline S.; Biesele, Megan; Hitchcock, Robert K.; Weeks, Andrea

2016-01-01

Abstract The use of archery to hunt appears relatively late in human history. It is poorly understood but the application of poisons to arrows to increase lethality must have occurred shortly after developing bow hunting methods; these early multi-stage transitions represent cognitive shifts in human evolution. This paper is a synthesis of widely-scattered literature in anthropology, entomology, and chemistry, dealing with San (“Bushmen”) arrow poisons. The term San (or Khoisan) covers many indigenous groups using so-called ‘click languages’ in southern Africa. Beetles are used for arrow poison by at least eight San groups and one non-San group. Fieldwork and interviews with Ju|’hoan and Hai||om hunters in Namibia revealed major differences in the nature and preparation of arrow poisons, bow and arrow construction, and poison antidote. Ju|’hoan hunters use leaf-beetle larvae of Diamphidia Gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) collected from soil around the host plants Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. and Commiphora angolensis Engl. (Burseracaeae). In the Nyae Nyae area of Namibia, Ju|’hoan hunters use larvae of Diamphidia nigroornata Ståhl. Larvae and adults live above-ground on the plants and eat leaves, but the San collect the underground cocoons to extract the mature larvae. Larval hemolymph is mixed with saliva and applied to arrows. Hai||om hunters boil the milky plant sap of Adenium bohemianum Schinz (Apocynaceae) to reduce it to a thick paste that is applied to their arrows. The socio-cultural, historical, and ecological contexts of the various San groups may determine differences in the sources and preparation of poisons, bow and arrow technology, hunting behaviors, poison potency, and perhaps antidotes. PMID:27006594

Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins extracted from juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) and "Italia" grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), and the effect of heating on the antioxidant capacity.

PubMed

Peron, D V; Fraga, S; Antelo, F

2017-10-01

The effect of temperature on the degradation of anthocyanins in juçara and "Italia" grape extracts was determined between 50 and 90°C. For both species, thermal degradation followed a first-order kinetic model. The decimal reduction time decreased with increasing temperature, and dependence on the thermodegradable factor was lower at higher temperatures. The anthocyanins from juçara degraded more slowly than those extracted from "Italia" grapes. The activation enthalpy and free energy of inactivation indicated an endothermic reaction, not spontaneous degradation, whereas the activation entropy suggested that the transition state has less structural freedom than that of the reactants. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was reduced when subjected to 90°C heat treatment, however, significant quantities of this bioactive compound still remained. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Epidemiology of gunshot wounds at Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua General Hospital].

PubMed

Moye-Elizalde, G A; Ruiz-Martínez, F; Suarez-Santamaría, J J; Ruiz-Ramírez, M; Reyes-Gallardo, A; Díaz-Apodaca, B A

2013-01-01

Since 2007, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua has been considered as one of the most violent cities in the world. The General Hospital in this city is the main facility where patients with gunshot wounds are taken. The increased number of admissions of patients with these injuries to many hospitals in the country deserves special attention, as it has an impact on hospital resources and management protocols. To disseminate the epidemiology of fractures caused by gunshot wounds and the hospital care of these patients. A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted of patients admitted to the Traumatology and Orthopedics Service, Cd. Juárez General Hospital, in Chihuahua, Mexico, from January 2008 to December 2010. All of them sustained fractures resulting from gunshot wounds. A total of 1281 patients with a diagnosis of gunshot wounds were admitted to the hospital; 402 of them were included in this study with 559 fractures; 329 were males and 73 females. Of the 559 fractures, 257 involved the upper limb, 294 the lower limb, and 8 the pelvis. Gunshot wounds-related fractures were classified according to the Gustilo classification. Seventy-nine patients had grade I fractures, 302 grade III, and 21 patients had both grades. Conservative treatment was used in 44.3% of fractures and osteosynthesis in 55%. One patient underwent amputation upon admission. The most widely used osteosynthesis methods were external fixator (37%), straight plates (21%) and intramedullary nail (17%). Five patients (1.3%) underwent amputation: two with femur fracture and 3 with humeral fracture. There were 27 deep infections (6%); one of them resulted in late amputation of the pelvic limb. The most common associated injuries included: chest injuries in 20 patients and abdominal injuries in 17. The range of hospital stay was 1-18 days, with a mean stay of 11 days. The overall mortality rate considering the total number of patients admitted (1,281) was 99 patients (7.72%). From 2006 to 2010 the

Brain delivery research in public-private partnerships: The IMI-JU COMPACT consortium as an example.

PubMed

Meyer, Axel H; Untucht, Christopher; Terstappen, Georg C

2017-07-01

The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) represents a major hurdle in the development of treatments for CNS disorders due to the fact that it very effectively keeps drugs, especially biological macromolecules, out of the brain. Concomitantly with the increasing importance of biologics research on the BBB and, more specifically, on brain delivery technologies has intensified in recent years. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) represent an innovative opportunity to address such complex challenges as they bring together the best expertise from both industry and academia. Here we present the IMI-JU COMPACT (Collaboration on the Optimisation of Macromolecular Pharmaceutical Access to Cellular Targets) consortium working on nanocarriers for targeted delivery of macromolecules as an example. The scope of the consortium, its goals and the expertise within the consortium are outlined. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Beyond small molecules for neurological disorders". Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traditional Glue, Adhesive and Poison Used for Composite Weapons by Ju/'hoan San in Nyae Nyae, Namibia. Implications for the Evolution of Hunting Equipment in Prehistory.

PubMed

Wadley, Lyn; Trower, Gary; Backwell, Lucinda; d'Errico, Francesco

2015-01-01

Ju/'hoan hunters from Nyae Nyae, near Tsumkwe in Namibia, demonstrate the manufacture of three fixative pastes made from plant extracts, and poison made from grubs and plant extracts. Ammocharis coranica and Terminalia sericea produce simple glue. Ozoroa schinzii latex mixed with carbonized Aristeda adscensionis grass is a compound adhesive. Composite poison is made from Chrysomelid grub viscera mixed with salivary extracts of Acacia mellifera inner bark and the tuber sap of Asparagus exuvialis. In order to document potential variability in the chaîne opératoire, and to eliminate inherent biases associated with unique observations, we studied manufacturing processes in three separate Nyae Nyae villages. Although there are methodological similarities in the Nyae Nyae area, we observed a few differences in contemporary traditions of poison manufacture. For example, some hunters make powder from Asparagus exuvialis tuber sap by boiling, reducing, hardening and grinding it, while others simply use heated sap. The Ju/'hoan hunting kit provides insights for archaeologists, but we must exercise caution when looking for continuity between prehistoric and historical technical systems. Some traditions have been lost to modern hunters, while others are new. We should also expect variability in the Stone Age because of geographically restricted resources. Simple glue, compound adhesive, and poison recipes identified in the Stone Age have no modern equivalents. By about 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof, simple glue was used for hafting tools, but at similarly-aged Sibudu there are recipes that combine red ochre powder with plant and/or animal ingredients. At Border Cave, novel poisons and compound adhesives were used in the Early Later Stone Age. It is possible that the complexity that we record in the manufacture of fixative pastes and poison used by Ju/'hoan hunters represents a hafting system both similar to and different from that observed at the Stone Age sites of Diepkloof

Traditional Glue, Adhesive and Poison Used for Composite Weapons by Ju/’hoan San in Nyae Nyae, Namibia. Implications for the Evolution of Hunting Equipment in Prehistory

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Ju/’hoan hunters from Nyae Nyae, near Tsumkwe in Namibia, demonstrate the manufacture of three fixative pastes made from plant extracts, and poison made from grubs and plant extracts. Ammocharis coranica and Terminalia sericea produce simple glue. Ozoroa schinzii latex mixed with carbonized Aristeda adscensionis grass is a compound adhesive. Composite poison is made from Chrysomelid grub viscera mixed with salivary extracts of Acacia mellifera inner bark and the tuber sap of Asparagus exuvialis. In order to document potential variability in the chaîne opératoire, and to eliminate inherent biases associated with unique observations, we studied manufacturing processes in three separate Nyae Nyae villages. Although there are methodological similarities in the Nyae Nyae area, we observed a few differences in contemporary traditions of poison manufacture. For example, some hunters make powder from Asparagus exuvialis tuber sap by boiling, reducing, hardening and grinding it, while others simply use heated sap. The Ju/’hoan hunting kit provides insights for archaeologists, but we must exercise caution when looking for continuity between prehistoric and historical technical systems. Some traditions have been lost to modern hunters, while others are new. We should also expect variability in the Stone Age because of geographically restricted resources. Simple glue, compound adhesive, and poison recipes identified in the Stone Age have no modern equivalents. By about 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof, simple glue was used for hafting tools, but at similarly-aged Sibudu there are recipes that combine red ochre powder with plant and/or animal ingredients. At Border Cave, novel poisons and compound adhesives were used in the Early Later Stone Age. It is possible that the complexity that we record in the manufacture of fixative pastes and poison used by Ju/’hoan hunters represents a hafting system both similar to and different from that observed at the Stone Age sites of

Carbon monoxide exposure in households in Ciudad Juárez, México.

PubMed

Montoya, Teresa; Gurian, Patrick L; Velázquez-Angulo, Gilberto; Corella-Barud, Verónica; Rojo, Analila; Graham, Jay P

2008-03-01

This study assessed exposure to carbon monoxide from gas and wood heater emissions in a sample of 64 households in peri-urban residential areas in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentrations and temperatures were monitored for a continuous period of 1 week at 1 and 6-min intervals, respectively. The moving average carbon monoxide concentrations were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for carbon monoxide. Sixty-seven percent of households with gas heaters and 60% of households with wood heaters exceeded a health-based standard at some point during the monitoring. The difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures was modestly correlated with average carbon monoxide exposure (r=0.35, p-value <0.01). Heater type may be a stronger determinant of exposure, as households with a particular heater model (the El Sol FM-210) were significantly more likely to be among the more highly exposed households (odds ratio of 4.8, p-value of 0.02). A variety of health effects were pooled and found at elevated frequency in the households that exceeded the 8-h standard of 9ppm (odds ratio=5.1, p-value=0.031). These results highlight the need for further efforts to identify and mitigate potentially hazardous carbon monoxide exposures, particularly in moderate-income countries with cooler climates.

Total anthocyanin content determination in intact açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and palmitero-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) fruit using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multivariate calibration.

PubMed

Inácio, Maria Raquel Cavalcanti; de Lima, Kássio Michell Gomes; Lopes, Valquiria Garcia; Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz; de Almeida Teixeira, Gustavo Henrique

2013-02-15

The aim of this study was to evaluate near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR), and multivariate calibration potential as a rapid method to determinate anthocyanin content in intact fruit (açaí and palmitero-juçara). Several multivariate calibration techniques, including partial least squares (PLS), interval partial least squares, genetic algorithm, successive projections algorithm, and net analyte signal were compared and validated by establishing figures of merit. Suitable results were obtained with the PLS model (four latent variables and 5-point smoothing) with a detection limit of 6.2 g kg(-1), limit of quantification of 20.7 g kg(-1), accuracy estimated as root mean square error of prediction of 4.8 g kg(-1), mean selectivity of 0.79 g kg(-1), sensitivity of 5.04×10(-3) g kg(-1), precision of 27.8 g kg(-1), and signal-to-noise ratio of 1.04×10(-3) g kg(-1). These results suggest NIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration can be effectively used to determine anthocyanin content in intact açaí and palmitero-juçara fruit. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) for the Hayabusa 2 Mission to 1999 JU3: The Scientific Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaumann, Ralf; Bibring, Jean-Piere; Glassmeier, Karl-Heiz; Grott, Mathias; Ho, Tra-Mi; Ulamec, Stefan; Schmitz, Nicole; Auster, Ulrich; Biele, Jens; Kuninaka, Hitoshi; Okada, Tatsuaki; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-ichiro; Fujimoto, Masaki; Spohn, Tilman; Koncz, Aalexander; Hercik, Davis; Michaelis, Harald

2015-04-01

MASCOT, a Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout, will support JAXA's Hayabusa 2 mission to investigate the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 (1). The German Aer-ospace Center (DLR) develops MASCOT with contributions from CNES (France) (2,3,4). Main objective is to in-situ map the asteroid's geomorphol-ogy, the intimate mixture, texture and composition of the regolith (dust, soil and rocks), and the thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the sur-face in order to provide ground truth for the orbiter remote measurements, support the selection of sampling sites, and provide context information for the returned samples. MASCOT comprises a payload of four scientific in-struments: camera, radiometer, magnetometer and hyperspectral microscope. C- and D-type asteroids hold clues to the origin of the solar system, the for-mation of planets, the origins of water and life on Earth, the protection of Earth from impacts, and resources for future human exploration. C- and D-types are dark and difficult to study from Earth, and have only been glimpsed by spacecraft. While results from recent missions (e.g., Hayabusa, NEAR (5, 6, 7)) have dramatically increased our understanding of asteroids, important questions remain open. For example, characterizing the properties of asteroid regolith in-situ would deliver important ground truth for further understanding telescopic and orbital observations and samples of such asteroids. MASCOT will descend and land on the asteroid and will change its own position up to two times by hopping. This enables measurements during descent, at the landing and hopping positions #1-3, and during hopping. Hayabusa 2 together with MASCOT launched December 3rd 2014, will arrive at 1999JU3 in 2018 and return samples back to Earth in 2020. References: (1) Vilas, F., Astronomical J. 1101-1105, 2008; (2) Ulamec, S., et al., Acta Astronautica, Vol. 93, pp. 460-466; (3) Jaumann et al., 45th LPSC, #1812, Houston; (4) Ho et al., 45th LPSC, #2535, Houston; (5) Spe-cial Issue

Integrated Toolset for WSN Application Planning, Development, Commissioning and Maintenance: The WSN-DPCM ARTEMIS-JU Project.

PubMed

Antonopoulos, Christos; Asimogloy, Katerina; Chiti, Sarah; D'Onofrio, Luca; Gianfranceschi, Simone; He, Danping; Iodice, Antonio; Koubias, Stavros; Koulamas, Christos; Lavagno, Luciano; Lazarescu, Mihai T; Mujica, Gabriel; Papadopoulos, George; Portilla, Jorge; Redondo, Luis; Riccio, Daniele; Riesgo, Teresa; Rodriguez, Daniel; Ruello, Giuseppe; Samoladas, Vasilis; Stoyanova, Tsenka; Touliatos, Gerasimos; Valvo, Angela; Vlahoy, Georgia

2016-06-02

In this article we present the main results obtained in the ARTEMIS-JU WSN-DPCM project between October 2011 and September 2015. The first objective of the project was the development of an integrated toolset for Wireless sensor networks (WSN) application planning, development, commissioning and maintenance, which aims to support application domain experts, with limited WSN expertise, to efficiently develop WSN applications from planning to lifetime maintenance. The toolset is made of three main tools: one for planning, one for application development and simulation (which can include hardware nodes), and one for network commissioning and lifetime maintenance. The tools are integrated in a single platform which promotes software reuse by automatically selecting suitable library components for application synthesis and the abstraction of the underlying architecture through the use of a middleware layer. The second objective of the project was to test the effectiveness of the toolset for the development of two case studies in different domains, one for detecting the occupancy state of parking lots and one for monitoring air concentration of harmful gasses near an industrial site.

Integrated Toolset for WSN Application Planning, Development, Commissioning and Maintenance: The WSN-DPCM ARTEMIS-JU Project

PubMed Central

Antonopoulos, Christos; Asimogloy, Katerina; Chiti, Sarah; D’Onofrio, Luca; Gianfranceschi, Simone; He, Danping; Iodice, Antonio; Koubias, Stavros; Koulamas, Christos; Lavagno, Luciano; Lazarescu, Mihai T.; Mujica, Gabriel; Papadopoulos, George; Portilla, Jorge; Redondo, Luis; Riccio, Daniele; Riesgo, Teresa; Rodriguez, Daniel; Ruello, Giuseppe; Samoladas, Vasilis; Stoyanova, Tsenka; Touliatos, Gerasimos; Valvo, Angela; Vlahoy, Georgia

2016-01-01

In this article we present the main results obtained in the ARTEMIS-JU WSN-DPCM project between October 2011 and September 2015. The first objective of the project was the development of an integrated toolset for Wireless sensor networks (WSN) application planning, development, commissioning and maintenance, which aims to support application domain experts, with limited WSN expertise, to efficiently develop WSN applications from planning to lifetime maintenance. The toolset is made of three main tools: one for planning, one for application development and simulation (which can include hardware nodes), and one for network commissioning and lifetime maintenance. The tools are integrated in a single platform which promotes software reuse by automatically selecting suitable library components for application synthesis and the abstraction of the underlying architecture through the use of a middleware layer. The second objective of the project was to test the effectiveness of the toolset for the development of two case studies in different domains, one for detecting the occupancy state of parking lots and one for monitoring air concentration of harmful gasses near an industrial site. PMID:27271622

The Use of Thermal Analysis and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Maltodextrin Microencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Juçara Palm Fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.) and Their Application in Food

PubMed Central

Paula da Silva dos Passos, Ana; Madrona, Grasiele Scaramal; Marcolino, Vanessa Aparecida; Baesso, Mauro Luciano

2015-01-01

Summary Anthocyanins extracted from the pulp of the fruit of juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.) were microencapsulated with maltodextrin in order to stabilise them. Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to investigate the photostability of the microencapsulated samples. Complementary differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy measurements were also performed. Lyophilised extract had 14 340.2 mg/L of total anthocyanins, and the microencapsulation efficiency of 93.6%. Temperature analysis showed that maltodextrin conferred protection up to 70 °C for 120 min. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microencapsulated particles had a flake-like morphology with a smooth surface, characteristic of lyophilisation processes. In addition, when added to yogurt, a red colourant was predominant in the samples at pH from 1.5 up to 5.0. Thermal analysis showed a weak interaction between the sample and the encapsulating agent, and photoacoustic data indicated the photostability of the matrix when exposed to light. Yogurts containing microencapsulated anthocyanins showed a more intense pink colour than yogurts treated with pure dye, and sensory analysis demonstrated that they can have good acceptance on the market. Microencapsulation enabled the innovative application of anthocyanins from juçara palm fruit, and complementary techniques allied to the photoacoustic spectroscopy were effective tools for its evaluation. PMID:27904373

The Use of Thermal Analysis and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Maltodextrin Microencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Juçara Palm Fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.) and Their Application in Food.

PubMed

Paula da Silva Dos Passos, Ana; Madrona, Grasiele Scaramal; Marcolino, Vanessa Aparecida; Baesso, Mauro Luciano; Matioli, Graciette

2015-12-01

Anthocyanins extracted from the pulp of the fruit of juçara palm ( Euterpe edulis Mart.) were microencapsulated with maltodextrin in order to stabilise them. Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to investigate the photostability of the microencapsulated samples. Complementary differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy measurements were also performed. Lyophilised extract had 14 340.2 mg/L of total anthocyanins, and the microencapsulation efficiency of 93.6%. Temperature analysis showed that maltodextrin conferred protection up to 70 °C for 120 min. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microencapsulated particles had a flake-like morphology with a smooth surface, characteristic of lyophilisation processes. In addition, when added to yogurt, a red colourant was predominant in the samples at pH from 1.5 up to 5.0. Thermal analysis showed a weak interaction between the sample and the encapsulating agent, and photoacoustic data indicated the photostability of the matrix when exposed to light. Yogurts containing microencapsulated anthocyanins showed a more intense pink colour than yogurts treated with pure dye, and sensory analysis demonstrated that they can have good acceptance on the market. Microencapsulation enabled the innovative application of anthocyanins from juçara palm fruit, and complementary techniques allied to the photoacoustic spectroscopy were effective tools for its evaluation.

Raising Children in a Violent Context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents' experiences in Ciudad Juárez.

PubMed

Grineski, Sara E; Hernández, Alma A; Ramos, Vicky

2013-01-01

Children and parents' daily lives are rarely highlighted in coverage of drug wars. Using 16 interviews with parents in the Mexican border city of Juárez in 2010, we examine how drug violence impacts families with a focus on intersections of gender and social class. Related to mobility (the first emergent theme), fathers had increased mobility as compared to mothers, which caused different stresses. Material hardships heightened mothers' isolation within the home, and mothers more often had to enforce children's mobility restrictions, which children resisted. Related to employment (the second emergent theme), fathers took on dangerous jobs to provide for the family while mothers had fewer options for informal employment due to violence. In sum, men and women faced different challenges, which were intensified due to class-based material disadvantages. Conformity with traditional gender expectations for behavior was common for men and women, illustrating the normalization of gender inequality within this context.

Raising Children in a Violent Context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents’ experiences in Ciudad Juárez

PubMed Central

Grineski, Sara E; Hernández, Alma A; Ramos, Vicky

2013-01-01

Children and parents’ daily lives are rarely highlighted in coverage of drug wars. Using 16 interviews with parents in the Mexican border city of Juárez in 2010, we examine how drug violence impacts families with a focus on intersections of gender and social class. Related to mobility (the first emergent theme), fathers had increased mobility as compared to mothers, which caused different stresses. Material hardships heightened mothers’ isolation within the home, and mothers more often had to enforce children’s mobility restrictions, which children resisted. Related to employment (the second emergent theme), fathers took on dangerous jobs to provide for the family while mothers had fewer options for informal employment due to violence. In sum, men and women faced different challenges, which were intensified due to class-based material disadvantages. Conformity with traditional gender expectations for behavior was common for men and women, illustrating the normalization of gender inequality within this context. PMID:23976817

Measurements of heavy metal concentrations from a background monitoring site in Won Ju City, Korea

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Ki-Hyun; Seo, Yong-Chan; Kim, Duk-Soo

The distribution and behavior of seven heavy metal species were investigated using the data collected from a background air-quality monitoring network site established in Won Ju City, Korea. The mean and 1 SD values of seven metal species measured during the campaign periods were as follows: 1.44{+-}0.62 (Fe), 0.088{+-}0.060 (Pb), 0.004{+-}0.005 (Cd), 0.013{+-}0.021 (Cr), 0.19{+-}0.16 (Cu), 0.032{+-}0.019 (Mn), and 0.015{+-}0.013 (Ni) {mu}g/m{sup 3}. In accord with the expectation, the regression analysis of these data sets exhibited good correlations between major crustal components (e.g., Fe and Mn) but extremely poor correlations between anthropogenically derived metal species (like Ni) and other metalmore » species. Investigations of the seasonal trends of these metal species suggest the existence of several distinctive patterns among metals: (1) Pb, Fe and Ni exhibit enrichment during winter/spring relative summer/fall, (2) Cd, Cr and Cu show enrichment during fall/winter relative to spring /summer, and (3) Quite differently from the two patterns described above, Mn is enriched during spring/summer relative to fall/winter. When enrichment factors (EF) of these metals were compiled relative to Fe, it showed values on the decreasing order of: Cd (724), Pb (232), Cu (131), Ni (7.8), Cr (5.5) and Mn (1.2). Using these data, we present the fundamental pictures underlying the geochemical cycling of heavy metal constituents in the background atmosphere.« less

Sensory descriptive quantitative analysis of unpasteurized and pasteurized juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis) during long-term storage

PubMed Central

da Silva, Paula Porrelli Moreira; Casemiro, Renata Cristina; Zillo, Rafaela Rebessi; de Camargo, Adriano Costa; Prospero, Evanilda Teresinha Perissinotto; Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet

2014-01-01

This study evaluated the effect of pasteurization followed by storage under different conditions on the sensory attributes of frozen juçara pulp using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Pasteurization of packed frozen pulp was performed by its immersion in stainless steel tank containing water (80°C) for 5 min, followed by storage under refrigerated and frozen conditions. A trained sensory panel evaluated the samples (6°C) on day 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90. Sensory attributes were separated as follows: appearance (foamy, heterogeneous, purple, brown, oily, and creamy), aroma (sweet and fermented), taste (astringent, bitter, and sweet), and texture (oily and consistent), and compared to a reference material. In general, unpasteurized frozen pulp showed the highest score for foamy appearance, and pasteurized samples showed highest scores to creamy appearance. Pasteurized samples remained stable regarding brown color development while unpasteurized counterparts presented increase. Color is an important attribute related to the product identity. All attributes related to taste and texture remained constant during storage for all samples. Pasteurization followed by storage under frozen conditions has shown to be the best conservation method as samples submitted to such process received the best sensory evaluation, described as foamy, slightly heterogeneous, slightly bitter, and slightly astringent. PMID:25473489

Sensory descriptive quantitative analysis of unpasteurized and pasteurized juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis) during long-term storage.

PubMed

da Silva, Paula Porrelli Moreira; Casemiro, Renata Cristina; Zillo, Rafaela Rebessi; de Camargo, Adriano Costa; Prospero, Evanilda Teresinha Perissinotto; Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet

2014-07-01

This study evaluated the effect of pasteurization followed by storage under different conditions on the sensory attributes of frozen juçara pulp using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Pasteurization of packed frozen pulp was performed by its immersion in stainless steel tank containing water (80°C) for 5 min, followed by storage under refrigerated and frozen conditions. A trained sensory panel evaluated the samples (6°C) on day 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90. Sensory attributes were separated as follows: appearance (foamy, heterogeneous, purple, brown, oily, and creamy), aroma (sweet and fermented), taste (astringent, bitter, and sweet), and texture (oily and consistent), and compared to a reference material. In general, unpasteurized frozen pulp showed the highest score for foamy appearance, and pasteurized samples showed highest scores to creamy appearance. Pasteurized samples remained stable regarding brown color development while unpasteurized counterparts presented increase. Color is an important attribute related to the product identity. All attributes related to taste and texture remained constant during storage for all samples. Pasteurization followed by storage under frozen conditions has shown to be the best conservation method as samples submitted to such process received the best sensory evaluation, described as foamy, slightly heterogeneous, slightly bitter, and slightly astringent.

The Development and Design of Engineering Economic Indicator System for Nanotechnology Industry Product Manufacturing: A Case Study of Latvia / Inženierekonomisko Rādītāju Sistēmas Attīstība Un Izveide Nanotehnoloģiju Industrijas Produktu Ražošanai: Latvijas Pieredze

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Geipele, S.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, J.

2015-10-01

The current scientific paper is developed to continue the research on further commercialisation of the nanotechnology products of manufacturing industries in Latvia. To create the system of engineering economic indicators for multifunctional nanocoating technologies, the scientific indicators and their theoretical justification have been used, the issues from the experts' analysis and survey of the Latvian companies operating in the nanotechnology industry have been summarised. Zinātniskā publikācija ir sagatavota kā turpinājums nanotehnoloģiju industrijas produktu komercializācijas pētījumam Latvijā. Lai izveidotu inženierekonomisko rādītāju sistēmu daudzfunkcionālajām nano-pārklājumu tehnoloģijām tiek izmantoti zinātniskie indikatori, to teorētiskais pamatojums, kā arī Latvijas inovatīvo daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju aptaujas un ekspertinterviju rezultāti.

A Hydrological Tomography Collocated with Time-varying Gravimetry for Hydrogeology -An Example in Yun-Lin Alluvial Plain and Ming-Ju Basin in Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, K. H.; Cheng, C. C.; Hwang, C.

2016-12-01

A new inversion technique featured by the collocation of hydrological modeling and gravimetry observation is presented in this report. Initially this study started from a project attempting to build a sequence of hydrodynamic models of ground water system, which was applied to identify the supplement areas of alluvial plains and basins along the west coast of Taiwan. To calibrate the decent hydro-geological parameters for the modeling, geological evolution were carefully investigated and absolute gravity observations, along with other on-site hydrological monitoring data were specially introduced. It was discovered in the data processing that the time-varying gravimetrical data are highly sensitive to certain boundary conditions in the hydrodynamic model, which are correspondent with respective geological features. A new inversion technique coined by the term "hydrological tomography" is therefore developed by reversing the boundary condition into the unknowns to be solved. An example of accurate estimate for water storage and precipitation infiltration of a costal alluvial plain Yun-Lin is presented. In the mean time, the study of an anticline structure of the upstream basin Ming-Ju is also presented to demonstrate how a geological formation is outlined when the gravimetrical data and hydrodynamic model are re-directed into an inversion.

A Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) for the Hayabusa 2 Mission to 1999 JU3: The Scientific Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaumann, Ralf; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz; Grott, Matthias; Ho, Tra-Mi; Ulamec, Stepahn; Schmitz, Nicole; Auster, Ulrich; Biele, Jens; Kuninaka, Hitoshi; Okada, Tatsuaki; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-ichhiro; Fujimoto, Masaki; Spohn, Tilman; Koncz, Alexander; Michaelis, Harald

2014-05-01

MASCOT, a Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout, will support JAXA's Hayabusa 2 mission to investigate the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 (1). The German Aer-ospace Center (DLR) develops MASCOT with contributions from CNES (France) (2,3). Main objective is to in-situ map the asteroid's geomorpholo-gy, the intimate structure, texture and composition of the regolith (dust, soil and rocks), and the thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the sur-face in order to provide ground truth for the orbiter remote measurements, support the selection of sampling sites, and provide context information for the returned samples. MASCOT comprises a payload of four scientific in-struments: camera, radiometer, magnetometer and hyperspectral microscope. C- and D-type asteroids hold clues to the origin of the solar system, the for-mation of planets, the origins of water and life on Earth, the protection of Earth from impacts, and resources for future human exploration. C- and D-types are dark and difficult to study from Earth, and have only been glimpsed by spacecraft. While results from recent missions (e.g., Hayabusa, NEAR (4, 5, 6)) have dramatically increased our understanding of asteroids, important questions remain. For example, characterizing the properties of asteroid regolith in-situ would deliver important ground truth for further understanding telescopic and orbital observations and samples of such aster-oids. MASCOT will descend and land on the asteroid and will change its position two times by hopping. This enables measurements during descent, at the landing and hopping positions #1-3, and during hopping. References: (1) Vilas, F., Astronomical J. 1101-1105, 2008; (2) Ulamec, S., et al., Acta Astronautica, Vol. 93, pp. 460-466; (3) Jaumann et al., 45th LPSC, Houston; (4) Special Issue, Science, Vol. 312 no. 5778, 2006; (5) Special Issue Science, Vol. 333 no. 6046, 2011. (6) Bell, L., Mitton, J-., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.

A Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) for the Hayabusa 2 Mission to 1999 JU3: The Scientific Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaumann, Ralf; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz; Grott, Matthias; Ho, Tra-Mie; Ulamec, Stephan; Schmitz, Nicole; Auster, Hans-Ulrich; Biele, Jens; Kuninaka, Hitoshi; Okada, Tatsuaki; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-ichhiro; Fujimoto, Masaki; Spohn, Tilman

2013-04-01

Mascot, a Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout, will support JAXA's Hayabusa 2 mission to investigate the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 (1). The German Aero-space Center (DLR) develops Mascot with contributions from CNES (France) (2). Main objective is to in-situ map the asteroid's geomorphology, the intimate structure, texture and composition of the regolith (dust, soil and rocks), and the thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the surface in order to provide ground truth for the orbiter remote measurements, sup-port the selection of sampling sites, and provide context information for the returned samples. Mascot comprises a payload of four scientific instruments: camera, radiometer, magnetometer and hyperspectral microscope. C- and D-type asteroids hold clues to the origin of the solar system, the formation of planets, the origins of water and life on Earth, the protection of Earth from impacts, and resources for future human exploration. C- and D-types are dark and difficult to study from Earth, and have only been glimpsed by spacecraft. While results from recent missions (e.g., Hayabusa, NEAR (3, 4, 5)) have dramatically increased our understanding of asteroids, important questions remain. For example, characterizing the properties of asteroid reg-olith in-situ would deliver important ground truth for further understanding telescopic and orbital observations and samples of such asteroids. Mascot will descend and land on the asteroid and will change its position two times by hopping. This enables measurements during descent, at the landing and hopping positions #1-3, and during hopping. References: (1) Vilas, F., Astronomical J. 1101-1105, 2008; (2) Ulamec, S., et al., COSPAR, General Assembly, Mysore/India, 2012; (3) Special Issue, Science, Vol. 312 no. 5778, 2006; (4) Special Issue Science, Vol. 333 no. 6046, 2011; (5) Bell, L., Mitton, J-., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.

Concurrent sexual partnerships among female sex workers and their non-commercial male partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

PubMed Central

Robertson, Angela M.; Syvertsen, Jennifer L.; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Staines, Hugo S.; Morris, Martina; Patterson, Thomas L.; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2013-01-01

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and correlates of concurrent (overlapping) sexual partnerships among female sex workers (FSWs) and their non-commercial male partners in two Mexico-U.S. border cities. Methods A cross-sectional survey of FSWs and their non-commercial male partners was conducted in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (2010–2011). Eligible FSWs and verified non-commercial partners were aged ≥18 years; FSWs had ever used hard drugs (lifetime) and recently exchanged sex for money, drugs, or other goods (past month). Participants underwent baseline questionnaires obtaining dates of sex and condom use with ≤5 other recurring partners, including FSWs’ regular clients. These dates were compared to dates of sex with enrolled study partners to determine overlap (i.e., “recurring” concurrency). Bivariate probit regression identified recurring concurrency correlates. Results Among 428 individuals (214 couples), past-year recurring concurrency prevalence was 16% and was higher among women than their non-commercial male partners (26% vs. 6%). In 10 couples (5%), both partners reported recurring concurrency. The majority of couples (64%) always had unprotected sex, and most of the individuals (70%) with recurring concurrency “sometimes” or “never” used condoms with their concurrent partners. Recurring concurrency was positively associated with FSWs’ income, men’s caballerismo (a form of traditional masculinity), and men’s belief that their FSW-partners had STIs. Conclusions Recurring concurrency, representing sustained periods of overlapping partnerships in which unprotected sex was common, should be addressed by couple-based STI prevention interventions. PMID:23172036

Judo principles and practices: applications to conflict-solving strategies in psychotherapy.

PubMed

Gleser, J; Brown, P

1988-07-01

Jigoro Kano created judo from ju-jitsu techniques. He realized that the Ju principle of both judo and ju-jitsu as the art of yielding, was that of living and changing. The principle of yielding has been applied in dynamic and directive psychotherapies for many years and was recently linked to the Ju principle in martial arts. After several years of using a modified judo practice as a therapeutic tool, and applying the principle of yielding as a dynamic conflict-solving strategy, the authors discovered judo principles applicable to conflict solving, particularly for regressed and violent psychotic patients.

Pulmonary effects of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among adolescent students in Juárez, Mexico.

PubMed

Bird, Yelena; Staines-Orozco, Hugo

2016-01-01

Youth smoking trends among Latin American countries, including Mexico, are on the rise. Notably, although the high prevalence of smoking in teens has been well documented in the literature, few studies have evaluated the impact of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on their respiratory system. To investigate the effects of smoking and SHS exposure on the respiratory health and lung function among eighth-grade students in Juárez, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was undertaken on a sample of convenience. The study outcomes centered on evaluating 300 students' lung function by spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio [FEV1/FVC], and forced mid-expiratory flow rate [FEF25%-75%]) and their respiratory health (smoking behavior and SHS exposure) by their self-reported responses to a standardized respiratory questionnaire. The study outcomes were compared among three distinct groups: 1) nonsmokers/nonexposed to SHS; 2) nonsmokers/exposed to SHS; and 3) smokers. The majority of the study participants were 14 years old (85%), females (54%), who attended eighth grade in a public school setting (56%). Approximately, half reported being of low socioeconomic status (49%) and nonsmokers/exposed to SHS (49%). The lung function parameters of smokers were found to be lower (FEV1 =62.88±10.25; FEV1/FVC =83.50±14.15; and FEF25%-75% =66.35±12.55) than those recorded for the nonsmokers/exposed to SHS (FEV1 =69.41±11.35; FEV1/FVC =88.75±15.75; and FEF25%-75% =78.90±14.65) and significantly reduced when compared to the nonsmokers/nonexposed to SHS (FEV1 =79.14±13.61; FEV1/FVC =94.88±21.88; and FEF25%-75% =87.36±17.02) (P<0.001). Similarly, respiratory complaints were more prevalent among smokers and those exposed to SHS when compared to nonsmokers/nonexposed to SHS. Our findings suggest that initiation of cigarette smoking and, to a lesser extent, exposure to SHS in adolescence leads to

Performance of Hayabusa2 DCAM3-D Camera for Short-Range Imaging of SCI and Ejecta Curtain Generated from the Artificial Impact Crater Formed on Asteroid 162137 Ryugu (1999 JU3)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishibashi, K.; Shirai, K.; Ogawa, K.; Wada, K.; Honda, R.; Arakawa, M.; Sakatani, N.; Ikeda, Y.

2017-07-01

Deployable Camera 3-D (DCAM3-D) is a small high-resolution camera equipped on Deployable Camera 3 (DCAM3), one of the Hayabusa2 instruments. Hayabusa2 will explore asteroid 162137 Ryugu (1999 JU3) and conduct an impact experiment using a liner shooting device called Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI). DCAM3 will be detached from the Hayabusa2 spacecraft and observe the impact experiment. The purposes of the observation are to know the impact conditions, to estimate the surface structure of asteroid Ryugu, and to understand the physics of impact phenomena on low-gravity bodies. DCAM3-D requires high imaging performance because it has to image and detect multiple targets of different scale and radiance, i.e., the faint SCI before the shot from 1-km distance, the bright ejecta generated by the impact, and the asteroid. In this paper we report the evaluation of the performance of the CMOS imaging sensor and the optical system of DCAM3-D. We also describe the calibration of DCAM3-D. We confirmed that the imaging performance of DCAM3-D satisfies the required values to achieve the purposes of the observation.

Evaluation of antioxidant-associated efficacy of flavonoid extracts from a traditional Chinese medicine Hua Ju Hong (peels of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck).

PubMed

Jiang, Jianping; Shan, Letian; Chen, Zhiyun; Xu, Haishun; Wang, Jianping; Liu, Yuwen; Xiong, Yaokang

2014-12-02

Hua Ju Hong (HJH, peels of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) is a popularly used traditional Chinese medicine recorded by "Compendium of Materia Medica" (Ben Cao Gang Mu) in Ming Dynasty of China (1578 A.D.). With flavonoid components, HJH possesses hypolipidemic effect associated with antioxidation action. However, no report was found regarding the flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity of HJH. Five purified flavonoid extracts (TFCA, TFCB, TFCC, TFCD and TFCE.) were obtained from HJH using Ca(OH)2 and HPD-300 macroporous resins, and their total flavonoids and representative flavonoid components were analyzed. In vitro tests of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity of each extract were evaluated. The most effective extract was selected for in vivo antioxidative evaluation using a rat hyperlipemia model. The total flavonoid content was varying among each HJH extract and decreased in an order of TFCB>TFCD>TFCC>TFCE>TFCA. TFCB, TFCD, and TFCC contained more than 50% of total flavonoids, the highest content of which was found in TFCB (80.7%). HPLC analysis showed that the contents of three flavonoid components, narirutin, naringin and neohesperidin, displayed a similar trend as that of total flavonoids. In vitro antioxidative tests determined that TFCB at 0.24 to 1.2mg/ml possessed the most significant antioxidant effects among other extracts and was also superior to BHT. In vivo experiment also revealed the significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of TFCB started from 50 to 200mg/kg after oral administration to hyperlipemia rats. These results indicate that TFCB with the highest flavonoid contents has the strongest antioxidant-associated activities. This is the first report regarding antioxidant-associated activities and relevant flavonoid components of HJH extracts, providing a promising candidate of traditional Chinese medicine for antioxidative treatment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All

Hayabusa-2 mission target asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3): Searching for the object's spin-axis orientation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, T. G.; Ďurech, J.; Ishiguro, M.; Mueller, M.; Krühler, T.; Yang, H.; Kim, M.-J.; O'Rourke, L.; Usui, F.; Kiss, C.; Altieri, B.; Carry, B.; Choi, Y.-J.; Delbo, M.; Emery, J. P.; Greiner, J.; Hasegawa, S.; Hora, J. L.; Knust, F.; Kuroda, D.; Osip, D.; Rau, A.; Rivkin, A.; Schady, P.; Thomas-Osip, J.; Trilling, D.; Urakawa, S.; Vilenius, E.; Weissman, P.; Zeidler, P.

2017-03-01

The JAXA Hayabusa-2 mission was approved in 2010 and launched on December 3, 2014. The spacecraft will arrive at the near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3) in 2018 where it will perform a survey, land and obtainsurface material, then depart in December 2019 and return to Earth in December 2020. We observed Ryugu with the Herschel Space Observatory in April 2012 at far-infrared thermal wavelengths, supported by several ground-based observations to obtain optical lightcurves. We reanalysed previously published Subaru-COMICS and AKARI-IRC observations and merged them with a Spitzer-IRS data set. In addition, we used a large set of Spitzer-IRAC observations obtained in the period January to May, 2013. The data set includes two complete rotational lightcurves and a series of ten "point-and-shoot" observations, all at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. The almost spherical shape of the target together with the insufficient lightcurve quality forced us to combine radiometric and lightcurve inversion techniques in different ways to find the object's spin-axis orientation, its shape and to improve the quality of the key physical and thermal parameters. Handling thermal data in inversion techniques remains challenging: thermal inertia, roughness or local structures influence the temperature distribution on the surface. The constraints for size, spin or thermal properties therefore heavily depend on the wavelengths of the observations. We find that the solution which best matches our data sets leads to this C class asteroid having a retrograde rotation with a spin-axis orientation of (λ = 310°-340°; β = -40° ± 15°) in ecliptic coordinates, an effective diameter (of an equal-volume sphere) of 850 to 880 m, a geometric albedo of 0.044 to 0.050 and a thermal inertia in the range 150 to 300 J m-2 s-0.5 K-1. Based on estimated thermal conductivities of the top-layer surface in the range 0.1 to 0.6 W K-1 m-1, we calculated that the grain sizes are approximately equal to between 1 and 10

Navy Combatives: Adjusting Course for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Judo and Japanese Ju Jitsu as a young boy. Gracie developed a system in BJJ that allowed him to use his small frame against much larger adversaries...Defendu. Fairbairn was an instructor for the Shanghai Police teaching the styles of Chinese Boxing and Japanese Ju Jitsu . Mixing these two...refinement of Japanese Ju Jitsu and was created as a non-lethal way to subdue an attacker. Using an opponent’s enemy against it, the strength of

Retraction Statement: "Overexpression of miR-708 and its targets in the childhood common precursor B-cell ALL" by Xue Li, MMed, Dong Li, PhD, Yong Zhuang, MMed, Qing Shi, BSc, Wei Wei, MMed, and Xiuli Ju, MD, PhD.

PubMed

2017-05-01

The above article, published online 23 August 2013 in Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Volume 60, Issue 12, December 2013, Pages 2060-2067, has been retracted by agreement among the authors, the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Peter E. Newburger, M.D., and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The decision to retract was agreed upon following notification that the paper substantially duplicates a prior study already published in Chinese https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23611221. The authors were not aware that publication in another language would constitute a duplicate publication and, upon being informed of this fact, have agreed to withdraw the paper from Pediatric Blood and Cancer. Reference Li X, Li D, Zhuang Y, Shi Q, Wei W and Ju X. Overexpression of miR-708 and its targets in the childhood common precursor B-cell ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013; 60: 2060-2067. doi:10.1002/pbc.24583. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Efficacy and safety of Lian-Ju-Gan-Mao capsules for treating the common cold with wind-heat syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Wang, Shengjun; Jiang, Hongli; Yu, Qin; She, Bin; Mao, Bing

2017-01-05

The common cold is a common and frequent respiratory disease mainly caused by viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Chinese herbal medicine has been increasingly prescribed to treat the common cold; however, there is a lack of evidence to support the wide utility of this regimen. This protocol describes an ongoing phase II randomized controlled clinical trial, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with the objective of evaluating the efficacy and safety of Lian-Ju-Gan-Mao capsules (LJGMC), a Chinese patent medicine, compared with placebo in patients suffering from the common cold with wind-heat syndrome (CCWHS). This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial. A total of 240 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to a high-dose group, medium-dose group, low-dose group, and placebo-matched group in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The treatment course is 3 consecutive days, with a 5-day follow-up. The primary outcome is time to all symptoms' clearance. Secondary outcomes include time to the disappearance of primary symptoms and each secondary symptom, time to fever relief, time to fever clearance, and change in TCM symptom and sign scores. This trial is a well-designed study according to principles and regulations issued by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The results will provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of LJGMC in treating CCWHS and help to optimize the dose for the next phase III clinical trial. Moreover, the protocol presents a detailed and practical methodology for future clinical trials of drugs developed based on TCM. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006504 . Registered on 4 June 2015.

Global existence and finite time blow-up for a class of thin-film equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Zhihua; Zhou, Jun

2017-08-01

This paper deals with a class of thin-film equation, which was considered in Li et al. (Nonlinear Anal Theory Methods Appl 147:96-109, 2016), where the case of lower initial energy (J(u_0)≤ d and d is a positive constant) was discussed, and the conditions on global existence or blow-up are given. We extend the results of this paper on two aspects: Firstly, we consider the upper and lower bounds of blow-up time and asymptotic behavior when J(u_0)J(u_0)>d.

In vitro propagation and analysis of secondary metabolites in Glossogyne tenuifolia (Hsiang-Ju) - a medicinal plant native to Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Chia-Chen; Chang, Hung-Chi; Kuo, Chao-Lin; Agrawal, Dinesh Chandra; Wu, Chi-Rei; Tsay, Hsin-Sheng

2014-12-01

Glossogyne tenuifolia Cassini (Hsiang-Ju in Chinese) is a perennial herb native to Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The herb is a traditional anti-pyretic and hepatoprotective used in Chinese medicine. Several studies on G. tenuifolia have demonstrated its pharmacological values of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and cytotoxicity on several human cancer cell lines. Active compounds, oleanolic acid and luteolin in G. tenuifolia are affected by several factors, including climatic change, pathogens and agricultural practices. Plant population of G. tenuifolia has been severely affected and reduced considerably in natural habitat due to the use of herbicides by farmers. Also, collection of plant material from the natural habitat is restricted to a few months in a year. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for G. tenuifolia. The study also aimed to investigate the influence of in vitro growth environment on the active compounds in in vitro shoots, tissue culture raised greenhouse plants; compare the values with wild plants and commercially available crude drug. Half-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced the maximum average number of shoots (7.3) per shoot tip explant excised from in vitro grown seedlings. Induction of rooting in cent percent in vitro shoots with an average number of 6.6 roots/shoot was achieved on ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The rooted plantlets acclimatized successfully in the greenhouse with a 100% survival rate. HPLC analysis revealed that the quantity of oleanolic acid and luteolin in in vitro shoots, tissue culture plants in the greenhouse, wild type plants and commercial crude drug varied depending upon the source. The oleanolic acid and luteolin contents were found to be significantly higher (16.89 mg/g and 0.84�

Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret.

PubMed

González, Patricia; Claps, Lucía E; Juárez, Andrea; Moreno, Diego

2017-02-15

Three new species of Eriococcidae from Argentina, namely Acanthococcus haywardi Juárez & González sp. nov., A. punctatae Juárez & González sp. nov. and A. riojensis Juárez & González sp. nov., are described and illustrated, bringing the total number of eriococcid species now known from Argentina to 12, of which six belong to Acanthococcus Signoret and six to Hempelicoccus Kozár. They are found on 11 species of Fabaceae (subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioidae), are widely distributed and are all restricted to the Neotropical region and the South American Transitional Zone. A key to the 12 Eriococcidae species now known on Fabaceae in Argentina is included.

Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking: The catalyst for sustainable bio-based economic growth in Europe.

PubMed

Mengal, Philippe; Wubbolts, Marcel; Zika, Eleni; Ruiz, Ana; Brigitta, Dieter; Pieniadz, Agata; Black, Sarah

2018-01-25

This article discusses the preparation, structure and objectives of the Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI JU). BBI JU is a public-private partnership (PPP) between the European Commission (EC) and the Bio-based Industries Consortium (BIC), the industry-led private not-for-profit organisation representing the private sectors across the bio-based industries. The model of the public-private partnership has been successful as a new approach to supporting research and innovation and de-risking investment in Europe. The BBI JU became a reality in 2014 and represents the largest industrial and economic cooperation endeavour financially ever undertaken in Europe in the area of industrial biotechnologies. It is considered to be one of the most forward-looking initiatives under Horizon 2020 and demonstrates the circular economy in action. The BBI JU will be the catalyst for this strategy to mobilise actors across Europe including large industry, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), all types of research organisations, networks and universities. It will support regions and in doing so, the European Union Member States and associated countries in the implementation of their bioeconomy strategies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification of species of the Euterpe genus by rare earth elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and linear discriminant analysis.

PubMed

Santos, Vívian Silva; Nardini, Viviani; Cunha, Luís Carlos; Barbosa, Fernando; De Almeida Teixeira, Gustavo Henrique

2014-06-15

The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) produce similar fruits which are rich in energy, minerals, vitamins and natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although the drink obtained from these species is similar, it is important to develop tools to establish the identity of the fruit species and growing regions. To assess claims of origin and for other purposes, we use multivariate analysis to investigate the differentiation of açaí and juçara fruits based on rare earth element (REE) content determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. REE content, in particular Sm, Th, La, Pr, Gd, and especially Ce and Nd varied between species. PCA analysis was not efficient in differentiating açaí from juçara fruit samples. In contrast, LDA analysis permitted a correct differentiation between species with a predictive ability of 83.3%. The methodology that we have applied confirms that REE can be used to differentiate between açaí and juçara fruit samples and to identify their origin. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Magnetism of Minor Bodies in the Solar System: From 433 Eros, passing Braille, Steins, and Lutetia towards Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 1999 JU3.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hercik, David; Auster, Hans-Ulrich; Heinisch, Philip; Richter, Ingo; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz

2015-04-01

observations the next ideal candidate mission is Hayabusa-II with its Mascot lander equipped with fluxgate magnetometer. The small-sized lander shall deliver the magnetometer within centimeters from the surface, providing measurements on multiple points thanks to a hopping ability. The mission has been recently launched (December 2014) and is aiming to a C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 to reach it in 2018. The results will hopefully add some piece of information to the still unclear question of minor solar system bodies magnetization.

Respondent-Driven Sampling of Injection Drug Users in Two U.S.–Mexico Border Cities: Recruitment Dynamics and Impact on Estimates of HIV and Syphilis Prevalence

PubMed Central

Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Firestone Cruz, Michelle A.; Ramos, Rebeca; Ramos, Maria Elena; Lozada, Remedios M.; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2006-01-01

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS), a chain referral sampling approach, is increasingly used to recruit participants from hard-to-reach populations, such as injection drug users (IDUs). Using RDS, we recruited IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad (Cd.) Juárez, two Mexican cities bordering San Diego, CA and El Paso, TX, respectively, and compared recruitment dynamics, reported network size, and estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalence. Between February and April 2005, we used RDS to recruit IDUs in Tijuana (15 seeds, 207 recruits) and Cd. Juárez (9 seeds, 197 recruits), Mexico for a cross-sectional study of behavioral and contextual factors associated with HIV, HCV and syphilis infections. All subjects provided informed consent, an anonymous interview, and a venous blood sample for serologic testing of HIV, HCV, HBV (Cd. Juárez only) and syphilis antibody. Log-linear models were used to analyze the association between the state of the recruiter and that of the recruitee in the referral chains, and population estimates of the presence of syphilis antibody were obtained, correcting for biased sampling using RDS-based estimators. Sampling of the targeted 200 recruits per city was achieved rapidly (2 months in Tijuana, 2 weeks in Cd. Juárez). After excluding seeds and missing data, the sample prevalence of HCV, HIV and syphilis were 96.6, 1.9 and 13.5% respectively in Tijuana, and 95.3, 4.1, and 2.7% respectively in Cd. Juárez (where HBV prevalence was 84.7%). Syphilis cases were clustered in recruitment trees. RDS-corrected estimates of syphilis antibody prevalence ranged from 12.8 to 26.8% in Tijuana and from 2.9 to 15.6% in Ciudad Juárez, depending on how recruitment patterns were modeled, and assumptions about how network size affected an individual’s probability of being included in the sample. RDS was an effective method to rapidly recruit IDUs in these cities. Although the frequency of HIV was low, syphilis prevalence was high, particularly in Tijuana. RDS

A partial ban on sales to reduce high-risk drinking South of the border: seven years later.

PubMed

Voas, Robert B; Romano, Eduardo; Kelley-Baker, Tara; Tippetts, A Scott

2006-09-01

On weekend evenings, thousands of youths (ages 20 and younger) and young adults (ages 21-25) residing in communities along the U.S. border cross into Mexico to patronize all-night bars where the drinking age is 18, rather than 21, and where the price of alcohol is considerably less than in the United States. On January 1, 1999, Juárez, Mexico, implemented a 2 AM (instead of 5 AM) bar-closing policy. The number of crossers and their blood alcohol concentration levels on return were reduced in the year following this policy change. The present study's objective was to determine the long-term (7-year) effect of the earlier-closing bar policy on cross-border drinking in Mexico. Analyzed data (1998 to August 2005) were from quarterly breath-test surveys at the El Paso (Texas)/Juárez (Mexico) border, bar observations in Juárez, and trauma data in El Paso. Bar surveys in Juárez show that the 2 AM closing policy, initiated 7 years ago, continues to be enforced, as has the reduction (89%) in youthful crossers returning after 3 AM. The number of underage youths returning earlier in the evening (before 3 AM), however, unchanged for 2 years after the policy change, has doubled recently. The early closing of bars in Juárez has a continuing positive impact on the reduction of the number of those returning after 3 AM. Although initially there appeared to be no displacement of the late returnees into the early hours (before 3 AM), the number of bar visitors crossing and returning earlier has been steadily increasing. Suggestions for reducing cross-border heavy episodic drinking are described.

Integration of transcriptomic and cytoarchitectonic data implicates a role for MAOA and TAC1 in the limbic-cortical network.

PubMed

Bludau, Sebastian; Mühleisen, Thomas W; Eickhoff, Simon B; Hawrylycz, Michael J; Cichon, Sven; Amunts, Katrin

2018-06-01

Decoding the chain from genes to cognition requires detailed insights how areas with specific gene activities and microanatomical architectures contribute to brain function and dysfunction. The Allen Human Brain Atlas contains regional gene expression data, while the JuBrain Atlas offers three-dimensional cytoarchitectonic maps reflecting interindividual variability. To date, an integrated framework that combines the analytical benefits of both scientific platforms towards a multi-level brain atlas of adult humans was not available. We have, therefore, developed JuGEx, a new method for integrating tissue transcriptome and cytoarchitectonic segregation. We investigated differential gene expression in two JuBrain areas of the frontal pole that we have structurally and functionally characterized in previous studies. Our results show a significant upregulation of MAOA and TAC1 in the medial area frontopolaris which is a node in the limbic-cortical network and known to be susceptible for gray matter loss and behavioral dysfunction in patients with depression. The MAOA gene encodes an enzyme which is involved in the catabolism of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and other monoaminergic neurotransmitters. The TAC1 locus generates hormones that play a role in neuron excitations and behavioral responses. Overall, JuGEx provides a new tool for the scientific community that empowers research from basic, cognitive and clinical neuroscience in brain regions and disease models with regard to gene expression.

Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blair, D. G.; Howell, E. J.; Ju, L.; Zhao, C.

2012-02-01

Part I. An Introduction to Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Detectors: 1. Gravitational waves D. G. Blair, L. Ju, C. Zhao and E. J. Howell; 2. Sources of gravitational waves D. G. Blair and E. J. Howell; 3. Gravitational wave detectors D. G. Blair, L. Ju, C. Zhao, H. Miao, E. J. Howell, and P. Barriga; 4. Gravitational wave data analysis B. S. Sathyaprakash and B. F. Schutz; 5. Network analysis L. Wen and B. F. Schutz; Part II. Current Laser Interferometer Detectors: Three Case Studies: 6. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory P. Fritschel; 7. The VIRGO detector S. Braccini; 8. GEO 600 H. Lück and H. Grote; Part III. Technology for Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors: 9. Lasers for high optical power interferometers B. Willke and M. Frede; 10. Thermal noise, suspensions and test masses L. Ju, G. Harry and B. Lee; 11. Vibration isolation: Part 1. Seismic isolation for advanced LIGO B. Lantz; Part 2. Passive isolation J-C. Dumas; 12. Interferometer sensing and control P. Barriga; 13. Stabilizing interferometers against high optical power effects C. Zhao, L. Ju, S. Gras and D. G. Blair; Part IV. Technology for Third Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors: 14. Cryogenic interferometers J. Degallaix; 15. Quantum theory of laser-interferometer GW detectors H. Miao and Y. Chen; 16. ET. A third generation observatory M. Punturo and H. Lück; Index.

The first female authors of the Journal of Urology.

PubMed

Marchetti, Kathryn; Lee, Ted; Bloom, David A; Wan, Julian

2017-01-01

Introduction In 1917, Alma Hiller became the first woman to publish in the Journal of Urology ( JU). Her contribution was followed by articles from Carol Beeler and Isabel Mary Wason. This study explores their careers and contributions. Methods We reviewed JU articles from 1917 to 1925 and identified Hiller, Beeler, and Wason as the first three women authors. Using public records, we obtained information of their educations and careers. Results Hiller demonstrated resilience in obtaining training and ultimately contributed to innovation in clinical chemistry. Beeler worked on research on metabolic physiology. Wason influenced both lab work and national policy. Conclusions For female scientists entering the workforce in the late 1800s/early 1900s, reception was contingent upon the acceptance of male colleagues. Despite these barriers, Hiller, Beeler, and Wason contributed to novel discoveries. Their most influential contributions remain their historic presence as early female researchers and the first female authors in JU.

The Battle of Midway Including the Aleutian Phase, June 3 to June 14, 1942. Strategical and Tactical Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1948-01-01

columns, with the light oruimer JITSU and the festroyers in a clase smi-ciroular anti-subwarine screen. In addition, there seem to have been one destroyer...about 60 miles gast of Midway Island, course about 280°, with the submarines prooseding on tve surface* STRUNP0RON 0000 Ju OR to 100 June 5th At midnight...on Dutoh Lrbor or Cold Day. *War Diary, lomlatRon 42# May 21th to Ju = 30t%, 1941. solar Diary, Commander NorthWestleaFrontier, June 1042. ***The major

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 78, Number 5, September-October 1935

DTIC Science & Technology

1935-10-01

Scoring 345 By C’aptain Homer Case . The Tank Ju-Ju 349 BJ’ (’aptain .Tames A . McGuire. Some Facts About Bombardme󈧏t Aviation By Major Claire L. Chennault...north, endina the fifth yearlyJ ~. camp at Fort T a ~,lor. By MAJOR P. L. WALL, CA., N.G. classified." The guns used Case III firing for the first time...Frontispiece 322 Who Started Such a Mess? 330 By Lieut€>nantE. F. Adams Press Ce�Orshipin Wax Time- Part II 358 By Major Harry W. Caygill

The International Workshop on Flame Chemistry (1st) Held in Warsaw, Poland on 28-29 July 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

National Lab, USA) Frederick L. Dryer (Princeton University, USA) 12:15 – 13:30 Lunch Session 3: Uncertainty Quantification... Dryer , and Ju, CF 2010 N-decane Toluene 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 -2.00E-04 -1.50E-04 -1.00E-04 -5.00E-05 0.00E+00 5.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.50E-04...diffusion flames 0.1 mm Won, Sun, Dooley, Dryer , and Ju, CF 2010 H Diffusion loss High pressure hydrogen kinetics: ignition and flames 0.00 0.20

Constraint Preserving Schemes Using Potential-Based Fluxes. I. Multidimensional Transport Equations (PREPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

i,j−∆t nEni ,j , u∗∗i,j =u ∗ i,j−∆t nEni ,j , un+1i,j = 1 2 (uni,j+u ∗∗ i,j ). (2.26) An alternative first-order accurate genuinely multi-dimensional...time stepping is the ex- tended Lax-Friedrichs type time stepping, un+1i,j = 1 8 (4uni,j+u n i+1,j+u n i,j+1+u n i−1,j+u n i,j−1)−∆t nEni ,j . (2.27) 13

Investigation of the degradation-retarding effect caused by the low swelling capacity of a novel hyaluronic Acid filler developed by solid-phase crosslinking technology.

PubMed

Park, Sunyoung; Park, Kui Young; Yeo, In Kwon; Cho, Sung Yeon; Ah, Young Chang; Koh, Hyun Ju; Park, Won Seok; Kim, Beom Joon

2014-06-01

A variety of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers demonstrate unique physical characteristics, which affect the quality of the HA filler products. The critical factors that affect the degradation of HA gels have not yet been determined. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of HA gels that affect their resistance to the degradation caused by radicals and enzymes. Three types of HA fillers for repairing deep wrinkles, Juvederm Ultra Plus (J-U), Restylane Perlane (Perlane), and Cleviel, were tested in this study. The resistance of these HA fillers to enzymatic degradation was measured by carbazole and displacement assays using hyaluronidase as the enzyme. The resistance of these fillers to radical degradation was measured by the displacement assay using H2O2. Different tests for evaluating the degradation resistance of HA gels can yield different results. The filler most susceptible to enzymatic degradation was J-U, followed by Perlane and Cleviel. The HA filler showing the highest degree of degradation caused by H2O2 treatment was Perlane, followed by J-U, and then Cleviel. Cleviel showed higher enzymatic and radical resistances than J-U and Perlane did. Furthermore, it exhibited the highest resistance to heat and the lowest swelling ratio among all the fillers that were examined. The main factor determining the degradation of HA particles is the gel swelling ratio, which is related to the particle structure of the gel. Our in vitro assays suggest that the decrease in the swelling ratio will lead to a retarding effect on the degradation of HA fillers.

The Programs of Japan in the Philippines

DTIC Science & Technology

1944-07-29

regarding the appointment and territorial- ju - risdiction of notaries public. The measure provides that judges of courts of the first instance and the...8217 -i 1.):’ila-nl: (So aI-Te. Ten) , :oV:,.or Chiof of the Publ:ciity Deart,.-ment of the Ihi ’ - V a2ds, oh t.,ippine Brao]ih of the Ihunr!kin6 Ju ...savings of Fili-pinos has increased from 10 pesos to jUS under 20 pesos (1l/5/43 Tok. Jap.) . c C N M I C FINANCE ECiANGE At the Manila note exc’hIange

Does clinical experience affect the reproducibility of cervical vertebrae maturation method?

PubMed

Rongo, Roberto; Valleta, Rosa; Bucci, Rosaria; Bonetti, Giulio Alessandri; Michelotti, Ambrosina; D'Antò, Vincenzo

2015-09-01

To assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of the cervical vertebrae maturation method (CVMM) among three panels of judges with different levels of orthodontic experience (OE). Fifty individual lateral cephalograms of good quality with complete visualization of cervical vertebrae 1 to 4 were selected. Thirty clinicians, divided according to their OE into three groups (junior group, JU, OE ≤ 1 year; postgraduate group, PG, 2 ≤ OE ≤ 4 years; specialist group, SP, OE ≥ 7 years), evaluated the cephalograms in two sessions (T1 and T2) at 3 weeks apart. Kendall's W and weighted Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficients were performed to assess interobserver and intraobserver agreement. The level of significance was set as P < .05. For both the interobserver and the intraobserver datasets, the percentage of perfect agreement (PPA) and the number of stages apart for each disagreement were calculated. Kendall's W at T1 was SP  =  0.61, PG  =  0.70, and JU  =  0.87; at T2 it was SP  =  0.78, PG  =  0.85, and JU  =  0.86. The percentage of total interobserver perfect agreement (Inter-PPA) was 42.3% at T1 and 46.3% at T2. The JU group had the highest Cohen's κ coefficient at 0.78, while the PG and SP had coefficients of 0.64 each. The percentage of total intraobserver perfect agreement (Intra-PPA) was 54.2%. The reproducibility of the method was not improved by the level of orthodontic experience. The group with the lowest level of orthodontic experience had the best performance.

NavyTime: Event and Time Ordering from Raw Text

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

time-time, and event-DCT (DCT is the doc- ument creation time). 74 Event Extraction F1 ATT-1 81.05 NavyTime 80.30 KUL 79.32 cleartk -4 & cleartk -3...71.88 KUL 70.17 cleartk 67.87 NavyTime 67.48 Temp:ESA 54.55 JU-CSE 52.69 Temp:WNet 50.00 FSS-TimEx 42.94 Tense and Aspect Attributes System Tense F1...Aspect F1 cleartk 62.18 70.40 NavyTime 61.67 72.43 ATT 59.47 73.50 JU-CSE 58.62 72.14 KUL 49.70 63.20 not all systems participated Figure 1: Complete

EM61 MkII Transect Demonstration at Former Camp Beale Technology Demonstration Data Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-12

td . d ev ., m ) 0.000 0.002 0.004...07 17 20 01 07 17 30 01 A ve ra ge E M 61 M kI I S 1 V ar ia tio n (s td . d ev ., m V ) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Mean = 1.16 mV 1σ = 0.51 mV...32 00 7_ 14 26 15 Ju l0 52 00 7_ 17 38 03 Ju l0 62 00 7_ 16 51 50 2- D p os iti on al v ar ia tio n (s td . d ev ., m ) 0.000 0.005 0.010

Identity of Innovative Multifunctional Material Manufacturing Business in Latvia / Inovatīvu Daudzfunkcionālo Materiālu Ražotāju Identitāte Latvijā

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, Yu.

2015-08-01

The publication comprises the results from the practical scientific investigation to define the profile and distinctions of the Latvian innovative multifunctional material manufacturing industry. The research is carried out by a holistic approach, including expert interviews, qualitative analysis of the official register data, practical survey, and financial data analysis. The paper seeks to give the detailed data on a technological profile of the mentioned representative companies, if there is a synergy or tough competition in the Latvian market. The current research is topical, because it is unique and does not have analogues in Latvia, and the research is timely due to correspondence with recently stated Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation in Latvia. The main findings are associated with recognition of the factors that make impact on commercialisation of the finished goods, obtained financial results and planned directions of development of the respondent companies. Publikācija sniedz veiktā zinātniski praktiskā pētījuma rezultātus, kura ietvaros tika noteikts Latvijas inovatīvu daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju darbības profils un identitāte. Pētījumā tika izmantota kompleksās analīzes metode, kas ietvēra ekspertu intervijas, uzņēmumu oficiāli reģistrēto datu kvalitatīvo analīzi, zinātniski praktisko aptauju, kā arī pētāmo uzņēmumu finanšu darbības rezultātu analīzi. Zinātniskais darbs sniedz izsmeļošu informāciju par mērķa uzņēmumu tehnoloģisko profilu un pēta, vai Latvijas mērķa ražošanas nozarē ir sinerģijas vai sīvās konkurences pazīmes. Šim zinātniskajam pētījumam ir noteikta aktualitāte saskaņā ar tā unikalitāti Latvijas valsts mērogā un atbilstība Viedās specializācijas stratēģijai. Pētījuma galvenie secinājumi ir saistīti ar uzņēmumu produkcijas komercializācijas ietekmējošo faktoru apzināšanu, sasniegtajiem finansiālajiem rezultātiem un pl

Los Angeles congestion reduction demonstration (Metro ExpressLanes) program. National evaluation : environmental data test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-19

The term National Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure (NITI) refers to the integrated electronics, communications, and hardware and software elements that can support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services and products. NITI is not ju...

MINDSET: National Styles in Warfare and the Operational Level of Planning, Conduct and Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-10

correspondingly increased, making it more difficult for the opponent to react coherently. The ultimate result is a cor.,mand and organizational agility that amounts to a military ju - jitsu . 1-4 I. .

Single-particle characterization of urban aerosol particles collected in three Korean cites using low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis.

PubMed

Ro, Chul-Un; Kim, HyeKyeong; Oh, Keun-Young; Yea, Sun Kyung; Lee, Chong Bum; Jang, Meongdo; Van Grieken, René

2002-11-15

A recently developed single-particle analytical technique, called low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z EPMA), was applied to characterize urban aerosol particles collected in three cities of Korea (Seoul, CheongJu, and ChunCheon) on single days in the winter of 1999. In this study, it is clearly demonstrated that the low-Z EPMA technique can provide detailed and quantitative information on the chemical composition of particles in the urban atmosphere. The collected aerosol particles were analyzed and classified on the basis of their chemical species. Various types of particles were identified, such as soil-derived, carbonaceous, marine-originated, and anthropogenic particles. In the sample collected in Seoul, carbonaceous, aluminosilicates, silicon dioxide, and calcium carbonate aerosol particles were abundantly encountered. In the CheongJu and ChunCheon samples, carbonaceous, aluminosilicates, reacted sea salts, and ammonium sulfate aerosol particles were often seen. However, in the CheongJu sample, ammonium sulfate particles were the most abundant in the fine fraction. Also, calcium sulfate and nitrate particles were significantly observed. In the ChunCheon sample, organic particles were the most abundant in the fine fraction. Also, sodium nitrate particles were seen at high levels. The ChunCheon sample seemed to be strongly influenced by sea-salt aerosols originating from the Yellow Sea, which is located about 115 km away from the city.

Hydrocarbon source apportionment for the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study.

PubMed

Fujita, E M

2001-08-10

The 1996 Paso del Norte (PdN) ozone study was conducted to improve current understanding of the significant meteorological and air quality processes that lead to high concentrations of ozone in El Paso, Texas (USA) and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (Mexico). Two-hour canister samples were collected five times daily at 05.00-07.00 h, 07.00-09.00 h, 09.00-11.00 h, 11.00-13.00 h, and 15.00-17.00 h MST during intensive study periods at one urban and one rural site on each side of the border. An automated gas chromatograph was operated at one site in central El Paso. Source profiles (the fractional chemical composition of emissions) from motor vehicles, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and commercial natural gas were combined with source profiles from other studies for input to the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model to apportion the measured non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) to sources. On-road vehicle emissions accounted for one-half to two-thirds of the NMHC in Ciudad Juárez and El Paso with the highest contributions occurring during the morning and afternoon commute periods. Emissions from diesel exhaust contributed approximately 2-3% of NMHC in Ciudad Juárez and less than 2% in El Paso. The average sum of liquid gasoline and gasoline vapor increased during the day in Ciudad Juárez from 2% at 06.00 h to approximately 12% at 16.00 h. Diurnal and day-of-the-week patterns in the liquid gasoline contributions are essentially identical to the corresponding patterns for motor vehicle exhaust, which suggest that a large fraction of the liquid gasoline contribution may be associated with tailpipe emissions rather than evaporative emissions from motor vehicles or industrial sources. Including the sum of the two sources put the upper limit for tailpipe contributions at 60-70% of NMHC.

Evidence for Impact Shock Melting in CM and CI Chondrite Regolith Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zolensky, Michael; Mikouchi, Takashi; Hagiya, Kenji; Ohsumi, Kazumasa; Komatsu, Mutsumi; Le, Loan

2014-01-01

C class asteroids frequently exhibit reflectance spectra consistent with thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites, or a mixture of phyllosilicate-rich material along with regions where they are absent. One particularly important example appears to be near-Earth asteroid 1999 JU3, the target of the Hayabusa II sample return mission [1], although not all spectra indicate this. In fact most spectra of 1999 JU3 are featureless, suggesting a heterogeneous regolith. Here we explore an alternative cause of dehydration of regolith of C class asteroids - impact shock melting. Impact shock melting has been proposed to explain some mineralogical characteristics of CB chondrites, but has not been considered a major process for hydrous carbonaceous chondrites. What evidence is there for significant shock melting in the very abundant CMs, or less abundant but still important CI chondrites?

Prevalence of bullying by gender and education in a city with high violence and migration in Mexico.

PubMed

Ramos-Jiménez, Arnulfo; Hernández-Torres, Rosa P; Murguía-Romero, Miguel; Villalobos-Molina, Rafael

2017-05-25

To understand the prevalence of bullying, by gender and educational level, in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, a city with high rates of violence and migration. This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in 2012 - 2014 using a questionnaire known as the Bullying-Mexican. A probabilistic multistage cluster-sampling method obtained a study sample of 2 347 students (10 - 27 years of age) from the 400 000 enrolled in grade 5 - university level at the 611 public schools in Ciudad Juárez. Bullying prevalence and frequency (never, rarely, sometimes, often, every day) were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The statistical differences between males and females was assessed using a chi-square test; associations between frequency and academic level were determined by correspondence analysis and the Spearman Rho correlation. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze whether gender and academic level acted independently in the frequency of bullying. Bullying prevalence was reported by 38% of females and 47% of males: 'only victim' represented 8.7%; 'only aggressor,' 13.2%; and 'victim and aggressor,' 21%. At higher levels of education, bullying prevalence declined; however, at the university, prevalence increased in the last semesters. Mockery and social exclusion were the two most dominant types of bullying, followed by beating, threats, and punishment. The prevalence of bullying in Ciudad Juárez public schools is among the highest compared to other random studies and surveys. Bullying diminishes with age and educational level.

A study of how unmanned aircraft systems can support the Kansas Department of Transportation's efforts to improve efficiency, safety, and cost reduction : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Regulations for using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are not yet standardized by the Federal Aviation : Administration (FAA). This creates tedious obstacles for those who wish to utilize the technology. The goal of this : research is to provide a ju...

MELATONIN ENHANCES JUNCTIONAL TRANSFER IN NORMAL C3H/1OT1/2 CELLS

EPA Science Inventory

There is strong evidence that pineal melatonin is involved in controlling neoplastic processes. e have reported that physiological, but not pharmacological or subphysiological, concentrations of melatonin enhance intercellular communication in normal C3H/1OT1/2 fibroblasts. ap ju...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MORGRO EPTAM 2.3 GRANULAR, 08/11/1967

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-13

... i_. '" v_"", -- fpc,;:;. Li..l~~ :x.- ~.fttH~ ~n:t tlrlilP Ju-,ln~ tli( fll ..... l:li jt:.:;. 1\\6 111 .n~ Ml'Clur,;~ ;-OW''':lti, '_:~es . .lhr~Jh~~ ar.~ ~r:OlllJ "-('v._r ..... ...

PROCEEDINGS: MULTIPOLLUTANT SORBENT REACTIVITY WORKSHOP

EPA Science Inventory

The report is a compilation of technical papers and visual aids presented by representatives of industry, academia, and government agencies at a workshop on multipollutant sorbent reactivity that was held at EPA's Environmental Research Center in Research Triangle Park, NC, on Ju...

Large Drought-Induced Variations in Oak Leaf Volatile Organic Compound Emissions during PINOT NOIR 2012

EPA Science Inventory

Leaf-level isoprene and monoterpene emissions were collected and analyzed from five of the most abundant oak (Quercus) species in Central Missouri’s Ozarks Region in 2012 during PINOT NOIR (Particle Investigations at a Northern Ozarks Tower ‐ NOx, Oxidants, Isoprene Research). Ju...

MONITORING AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PARTICULATE MATTER NEAR A LARGE PHOSPHORUS PRODUCTION FACILITY

EPA Science Inventory

A source apportionment study was conducted to identify sources within a large elemental phosphorus plant that contribute to exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for 24-h PM10. Ambient data were collected at three monitoring sites from October 1996 through Ju...

The Effects of a Problem Solving Intervention on Problem Solving Skills of Students with Autism during Vocational Tasks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yakubova, Gulnoza

2013-01-01

Problem solving is an important employability skill and considered valuable both in educational settings (Agran & Alper, 2000) and the workplace (Ju, Zhang, & Pacha, 2012). However, limited research exists instructing students with autism to engage in problem solving skills (e.g., Bernard-Opitz, Sriram, & Nakhoda-Sapuan, 2001). The…

Hypoxylon canker

Treesearch

Michael E. Ostry

2013-01-01

Entoleuca mammata (Wahlenb.) J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju (syn. Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahlenb.) P. Karst.) causes the most damaging canker disease of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) - Hypoxylon canker - in many areas of North America. A study by Anderson (1964) in the Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota and...

The Magic Background of Pearl Harbor. Volume 3. Appendix

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

diplomatic relations and the opening of a warfare of commerce destruc- tion. C a JITSU TO Trans. 1-30-45 No. 406 Washington (Nomura) Tokyo September...icles.) Part 2. 2.Inthesummeroflastyear,FUJI-Elect!i,corderedfromSIEMENSfor(? JU ?)use10 automatic pilot compasses and JINKOSHIKOKra. However, exchange

Histochemical and microspectrophotometric analyses of early wound responses of resistant and susceptible Populus tremuloides inoculated with Entoleuca mammata (=Hypoxylon mammatum)

Treesearch

B. Bucciarelli; Michael E. Ostry; R. G. Fulcher; N. A. Anderson; C. P. Vance

1999-01-01

Stem tissue of resistant and susceptible genotypes of Poyulus tremuloides Michx, wounded or woundinoculated with Entoleuca mammata (Wahlenberg: Fr.) J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju was prepared for histochemical and microspectrophotometric analysis. Samples were collected over a 96-h period. Parenchyma cell walls associated with the...

Prime Contract Awards of $100,000 or More by Federal Supply Classification of Service Category and Purchasing Office. Part 5 (R799-Z299)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

0.00000 -4 r00)-C00 r C- 0 .0UL= 4 cr aU 109000( 00)- C .19 0LEU U0.0 C L- 0 0 0 ) c o(- Ml o0 & td , tu EU U .C 00-4 -.. LL)OU00 M I) C WWE MD 0-4...I- in .- 4 -4 r- 02) i-j 0-1 - -f0-0L 0 LL) a 7 40 .)z (no 4 m m QDn )0ooo404 n -4v) (Y >%O 4. -L JNS U wo - Uo - (non 00 >0 40 0 0 04 ~~442CU td ...4EU.E omCE o 4UO E<~- o o = - 4) 0 . 0.U mLLU,.-U, v. C -. OC C Mc.44U 0) -- U-L 4 o C -U -. 4. to alr. .. ’ fn 0 .JU UU > f.ju u’ 0 11I-J U0 td EU-4

Collective Memory of Violence of the Female Brown Body: A Decolonial Feminist Public Pedagogy Engagement with the Feminicides

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trinidad Galván, Ruth

2016-01-01

Feminists have consistently engaged with ontological and epistemological issues about what counts as knowledge, based on whose worldview, and what knowledge and worldviews remain unrecognised or ignored. Utilising Mexicana and Chicana fictional and conceptual writings and public art installations on the Juárez feminicides, the article focuses on…

WASTE REDUCTION EVALUATION OF SOY-BASED INK AT A SHEET-FED OFFSET PRINTER

EPA Science Inventory

This Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation (WRITE) project quantifies and compares wastes generated from the use of soy-based and petroleum-based inks in sheet-fed offset printing. Data were collected in a full-scale print run on a Miller TP104 Plus 6-color press in Ju...

Molecular Architecture for Reagentless Immunosensors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

emphasis on electrochemical signal detection, will be developed. Phase II will be mainly devoted to manufacture development and to clinical trials ...Arbor, MI 48104 Ju - Py- Dis-tri~ l AvV ’. : Cedes :Diet . Schramm & Lawton 24665-LS The overall objective of this project was to investigate new

The War Next Door: DoD’s Role in Combating Mexican TCOs

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Zetas, Gulf Cartel, Juárez Cartel, Beltran Leyva Organization (BLO), La Familia Michoacan (LFM), and Tijuana Cartel.17 This has resulted in...entered the United States by way of the Southwest Border.26 In 2002, authorities arrested Salim Mucharrafille, a café owner in Tijuana , Mexico, for

Validation of educational booklet for HIV/Aids prevention in older adults.

PubMed

Cordeiro, Luana Ibiapina; Lopes, Thais de Oliveira; Lira, Luciane Elise de Abreu; Feitoza, Sarah Maria de Sousa; Bessa, Maria Eliana Peixoto; Pereira, Maria Lúcia Duarte; Feitoza, Aline Rodrigues; Souza, Adriano Rodrigues de

2017-01-01

To describe the process of manufacturing and validation of an educational booklet for HIV/Aids prevention in older adults. Methodological study developed in two phases - manufacturing of the booklet and validation of the educational material by judges. The manufacturing process involved a situational diagnosis with older adults, and its result indicated gaps in the knowledge with respect to HIV/Aids. The validation process was performed by nine judges, selected by convenience. It was considered an agreement index of at least 0.80, analyzed through the content validity index. We opted for a dialogue between two older adults divided into three categories: myths and taboos; ignorance; and prevention and importance of diagnosis. The average of the items was 0.90. The suggestions made by the judges were observed and modified for the final version. The material had relevant content for the judges, in addition to being able to be used by health professionals in the education and clarification of issues on the subject. Descrever o processo de construção e validação de cartilha educativa para prevenção de HIV/Aids em idosos. Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em duas etapas - construção da cartilha e validação do material educativo por juízes. O processo de construção envolveu um diagnóstico situacional com idosos, cujo resultado apontou lacunas no conhecimento com relação ao HIV/Aids. Já o processo de validação foi realizado por nove juízes, selecionados por conveniência. Considerou-se uma concordância de no mínimo 0,80, analisado pelo índice de validade de conteúdo. Optou-se por um diálogo entre dois idosos dividido em três categorias: mitos e tabus; desconhecimento; e prevenção e importância do diagnóstico. A média dos itens foi de 0,90. As sugestões realizadas pelos juízes foram acatadas e modificadas para a versão final. O material apresentou conteúdo relevante para os juízes, além de poder ser utilizado pelos profissionais de sa

Sheep symposium: Biology and management of low-input lambing in easy-care systems

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Low-input lambing management was the focus of the 2007 Sheep Symposium at the joint annual meetings of the American Society of Animal Science, the American Dairy Science Association, the Asociacio´n Mexicana de Produccio´n Animal, and the Poultry Science Association held in San Antonio, Texas, on Ju...

Er: YLF Laser Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratory, AFAL/DHO, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433. WL/AFSC( IST ) ltr, 12 Apr 1991 UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER LIMITATION CHANGES TO...ju^i^zs.^iu •Lbbrtbataafetiu.*. i ! mtotfffiflaiai WP1— 1 ’ »■■■«I HIU I I .1 III ll.lll. VIH IWII

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, SALVO LOW VOLATILE WEED KILLER, 11/16/1993

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... i. J l. J ; : ' .. 1 ~ . j ..: I J .1; : ···lJ}.·Jil... .. Jl .... ,i.JU Lu ul£J8uJ t.ho f~~.ibLl· . .:tti .... dJ · .. Ji tbt· ;:,. u:, .. ,J\\:.;t.'i !:)l'(,dI.H. w.itll·:IUt. ...

[Enzymatic characteristics of peroxidase from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bo-ju].

PubMed

Zhu, Yu-Yun; Lyu, Xin-Lin; Li, Xiang-Wei; Zhang, Dong; Dong, Li-Hua; Zhu, Jing-Jing; Wang, Zhi-Min; Zhang, Jin-Zhen

2018-04-01

The enzymatic browning is one of the main reasons for affecting the quality of medicinal flowers. In the process of chrysanthemum harvesting and processing, improper treatment will lead to the browning and severely impact the appearance and quality of chrysanthemum. Peroxidase enzyme is one of the oxidoreductases that cause enzymatic browning of fresh chrysanthemum. The enzymatic characteristics of peroxidase (POD) in chrysanthemum were studied in this paper. In this experiment, the effects of different reaction substrates and their concentrations, PH value of buffer and reaction temperatures on the activity of POD enzyme were investigated. The results showed that the optimal substrate of POD was guaiacol, and the optimal concentration of POD was 50 mmol·L⁻¹. The optimal pH value and reaction temperature were 4.4 and 30-35 °C, respectively. Michaelis-Menten equation was obtained to express the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction of POD, Km=0.193 mol·L⁻¹, Vmax=0.329 D·min⁻¹. In addition, the results of POD enzyme thermal stability test showed that the POD enzyme activity was inhibited when being treated at 80 °C for 4 min or at 100 °C for 2 min. The above results were of practical significance to reveal the enzymatic browning mechanism, control the enzymatic browning and improve the quality of chrysanthemum, and can also provide the basis for the harvesting and processing of medicinal materials containing polyphenols. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

MIL-STD-2411-1 Change 3. Notice Impacts to NAVAIR

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

is Steve Rogan, NGA OCIO CE, 314-676- 0292, rogans@nga.mil. METRIC MIL-STD-2411-1 w/CHANGE 3 ______________ SUPERCEDING MIL-STD-2411-1 Change...JN Jan Mayen Is (NO) JA Japan DQ Jarvis Island (US) JE Jersey (UK) JQ Johnston Atoll (US) JO Jordan JU Juan De Nova Islands (FR) YV Juan

Instructional Design Issues Facing E-Learning: East Meets West.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Ping-Yeh; Rendon, Betty; Cornell, Richard

The rapid emergence of e-learning in business and industry has been accompanied by a number of problems when instructional design concerns are incorporated into the overall curriculum development. This paper examines two companies in two distinct geographical extremes of Shin-Ju, Taiwan and Central Florida to see if, when comparisons are made,…

Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions Associated with DNA Replication

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-11

bioanalysis.org [1] R. Dawkins , The Selfish Gene (Oxford, New York, 1989). [2] F. Jülicher, A. Ajdari, and J. Prost, Rev. Mod. Phys. 69, 1269 (1997). [3...fidelity above a threshold. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.060601 PACS numbers: 05.70.Ln, 87.10.Mn, 87.14.gk The replication of genes by biological

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Singletary Pond Dam (MA 00144), Blackstone River Basin, Millbury, Massachusetts. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-02-01

to a gra- vel access drive. There are two wood-framed gate structures at the crest of the dam. The intake gate house is on the upstream edge of the...Reservoirs. Nov,. 19 *ILI Inspected by L..Q..: aden . .. Date JuI7~ 3.7,12bDamn No.-3- 1.6 Town ...... LLuy... . ... : ......... Location. , ) j ~.. 3lier

An Assessment of the State-of-the-Art in Multidisciplinary Aeromechanical Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

monolithic formulations. In summary, for aerospace structures, partitioned formulations provide fundamental advantages over fully coupled ones, in addition...important frequencies of local analysis directly to global analysis using detailed modeling. Performed ju- diciously, based on a fundamental understanding of...in 2000 has com- prehensively described the problem, and reviewed the status of fundamental understanding, experimental data, and analytical

100 Companies Receiving the Largest Dollar Volume of Prime Contract Awards, fiscal Year 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

Fiscal Year 1989 Accession For NTIS GRA&I DTIC TAB0 Unannounced ju3t if iat ion Distribution/ AvailabilitY Codes Dit special. TABLE OF CONTENTS Invir...CORPORATION 9,625 TOTAL 118,089 0.09 66.11 98 CONTINENTAL MARITIME INDS 33,818 CONTINNTAL MRTIME OF SAN DIEGO 82,791 TOTAL 116,609 0 09 66.20 99

Dobbins AFB, Georgia Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-25

Ii4 GL(,BAL CLIMATOLOGY BRANCH uSArETAC WEATHER CONDITIONS Ar7 WEATHFR SERVICE/MAC 2ATIN DORINS AFR TIONNAME I -A YEARS PE;?CENTAGE FREQUENCY OF...USAFETAC CEILING VERSUS VISIBILITY AIr WEATHER SF1VICE/MAC ?"󈧚’ " DORIN , 4FB GA _4-81 JU - PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (FROM HOURLY OBSERVATIONS

The Magic Background of Pearl Harbor. Volume 2 (May 12, 1941 - August 6, 1941)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

sistance in an Axis move against India.617 German Ambassador Franz von Papen and Foreign Minister Shukru Saracoglu signed a Turkish-German Pact...sadorB rlinportedTokyonJu7,941thatitw sthpinion of Chancellor Hitler and Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop that the United States would hesi...particularlyinregardtowaragainstEngland,HerrHessmighthavebeenanxioustoleaveGermany.ItwasalsoknownthathepossessedagreatdislikeforForeignMin- ister von

DLA Pre-Award Contracting System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

Gulley DPSSO Bldg 33 Standards Cheryl Haines DISC-RMO Bldg 36 Lead Time Jeff Hammer DGSC-P Bldg 32 DPACS WorkloadjersonnedALT Judy Harroson DLA-Z...33 DPACS Functionality Lou JuIg DISC-RM Bldg 36 Resource Data Sandra King DLA-ZSM 3A675 Project Oversight Scotie Knott DGSC-P Bldg 33 Post Award Dave

Prevention and Treatment of Noise-Induced Tinnitus

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Tinnitus PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Richard A. Altschuler CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University of Michigan REPORT DATE: 2014...3 Ju 2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Prevention and Treatment of Noise-Induced Tinnitus 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM...prevent or treat noise induced tinnitus . Our studies showed a military relevant small arms fire-like noise will induce tinnitus in approximately 33

6th International Workshop on Model Reduction in Reactive Flow

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

RESPONSIBLE PERSON 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER Yiguang Ju 611102 c. THIS PAGE The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated...needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information . Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection...of information , including suggesstions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and

Development and Testing of a Multiple Frequency Continuous Wave Radar for Target Detection and Classification

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

1 2’ VIH " 1 ’ 󈧏) (34) where is the modified Bessel function of zero order. Here is the conditional variance and is the conditional probability...10, the probability of detection is the area under the signal-plus-noise curve above the detection threshold co M vF (V 2+ A2)]10 ( vAPd= fnp~ju,( vIH

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, INDUCLOR, 03/12/1984

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... dlrt<...tt1 i ;\\h:_f~P tJf'i".! fr, " 1.,1 1,'! rh!CHlnf' r'·3l(ju·\\1 u~ :;t '., j~;t fl.' [,P!' and no IT'nrp t fl

ONRASIA Scientific Information Bulletin. Volume 16, Number 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

Office of Naval Research Asian Office NAVSO P-3580 Vol 16, No. 2 April-June 1991 SCIENTIFIC " U" 8 " ’ .11;4 JU i j -, AD-A238 430 INFORMATION C...As already stated, F., jitsu has been The Appendix summarizes the main 6.4 ns and is connected to a 128-KB shipping the new series since April 1990

Optimizing Chemical-Vapor-Deposition Diamond for Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Ensemble Magnetrometry

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

Ju Li Battelle Energy Alliance Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering Professor of Materials Science and Engineering...Sciences, U. S. Air Force Academy (2015) Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the...degree of Master of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2017 c○ Massachusetts Institute of

Use of Shape Memory Alloys in the Robust Control of Smart Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

OHP (anions) @ Cation II I I JU Anion O0HP(cations) 0 Ano Cation electrf statically h eld in double layer 0 ’ Double Diff sion Bulk Layer L., Layer I...Effect in Thermoelastic In-Tl Martensite, Mem . Fac. Eng. Kyoto Univ., 43(2): 287-303 (1981) 43. A. Nagasawa, Memory Effect in In-Tl Alloy, J. Phys. Soc

Population-based survey of taeniasis along the United States-Mexico border.

PubMed

Barton Behravesh, C; Mayberry, L F; Bristol, J R; Cardenas, V M; Mena, K D; Martínez-Ocaña, J; Flisser, A; Snowden, K F

2008-06-01

Taenia solium and T. saginata are zoonotic tapeworms of substantial medical and economic importance. Although human taeniasis is widely recognised as an endemic problem in Mexico, its presence in the United States is poorly understood. The first population-based study to estimate the prevalence of human infection with Taenia tapeworms along the Texas-Mexico border has recently been conducted. Households were interviewed in the Texan city of El Paso and in the neighbouring Ciudad Juárez, in Mexico. Faecal samples from household members were then checked for Taenia eggs by flotation and/or for Taenia copro-antigens in an ELISA. The overall prevalence of taeniasis in this border region was found to be 3% but, compared with the residents of Juárez, El Paso residents were 8.6-fold more likely to be tapeworm carriers. The interviews revealed some important differences between the two study sites, particularly the more frequent use of anthelminthic drugs on the Mexican side of the border. These findings have implications in terms of the planning of effective health-education campaigns to decrease the prevalence of taeniasis in the human populations along the Texas-Mexico border.

Unravelling the Conformational Landscape of Nicotinoids: the Structure of Cotinine by Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uriarte, Iciar; Ecija, Patricia; Cocinero, Emilio J.; Perez, Cristobal; Caballero-Mancebo, Elena; Lesarri, Alberto

2015-06-01

Alkaloids such as nicotine, cotinine or anabasine share a common floppy structural motif consisting of a two-ring assembly with a 3-pyridil methylamine skeleton. In order to investigate the structure-activity relationship of these biomolecules, structural studies with rotational resolution have been carried out for nicotine and anabasine in the gas phase, where these molecules can be probed in an "interaction-free" environment (no solvent or crystal-packing interactions). We hereby present a structural investigation of cotinine in a jet expansion using the chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometer recently built at the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU). The rotational spectrum (6-18 GHz) reveals the presence of two different conformations. The conformational preferences of cotinine originate from the internal rotation of the two ring moieties, the detected species differing in a near 180° rotation of pyridine. The final structure is modulated by steric effects. J.-U. Grabow, S. Mata, J. L. Alonso, I. Peña, S. Blanco, J. C. López, C. Cabezas, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 21063. A. Lesarri, E. J. Cocinero, L. Evangelisti, R. D. Suenram, W. Caminati, J.-U. Grabow, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 10214.

NORAD: A Model to Address Gaps in US-Mexico Security Coordination

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

37 slow economic recovery throughout the 1930s by creating a national investment bank , accelerating land reforms, and nationalizing the...population formed in northern Mexico, with unemployment rates rising as high as fifty percent in border cities such as Ciudad Juárez, Tijuana, and...Mexicali.178 To address unemployment in the historically volatile border region, the Mexican government instituted a series of economic development

Architecutres, Models, Algorithms, and Software Tools for Configurable Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-06

and J.G. Nash. The gated interconnection network for dynamic programming. Plenum, 1988 . [18] Ju wook Jang, Heonchul Park, and Viktor K. Prasanna. A ...Sep. 1997. [2] C. Ebeling, D. C. Cronquist , P. Franklin and C. Fisher, "RaPiD - A configurable computing architecture for compute-intensive...ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The Models, Algorithms, and Architectures for Reconfigurable Computing (MAARC) project developed a sound framework for

Uncovering the Role of BMP Signaling in Melanocyte Development and Melanoma Tumorigenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

Graduate Program Nicola Kearns, UMass Medical School, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Qualifying examination committees: Christopher Clark, UMass...Dutta, UMass Medical School, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nicola Kearns, UMass Medical School, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Hsi-Ju Chen...Pigment Cell Melanoma Research, 24, 378-81. 13. Lian, C.G., Xu. Y., Ceol, C.J., Wu, F., Larson, A., Dresser, K., Xu, W., Tan , L., Zhan, Q., Lee, C., Hu, D

New Combustion Regimes and Kinetic Studies of Plasma Assisted Combustion

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

IR Faraday Rotational Spectroscopy Method to quantify HO2 29 30 Brian Brumfield, Wenting Sun, Gerard Wysock, and Yinguang Ju, submitted...to JACS, 2012 7.1 μm Mid infra-red Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy (FRS), 1396 cm-1 Quantitative HO2 Measurement (very challenging!): 2L + 1...paramagnetic species Polarization rotation detection Linearly-polarized laser light 610 Hz oscillating magnetic field 125 Gauss rms Sub-ppm level

Algorithms for Developing Test Questions from Sentences in Instructional Materials: an Extension of an Earlier Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

Silverfish, Canine, and Cicadas . b. ’Mgorithinically--Sdverfish, Females, Individuals, and Wasps. This process resulted in 16.0 multiple-choice items: 20...and Their Text Frequency Nouns Adjectives Rare Singleton Keyword Rare Singleton Keyword Instars Insect (8) Plant-feeding Immature (3) Cicadas ...Sllverflsh (c) Caniru’S (d) Cicadas c. Foils Produced Algorl ..nii-allv: Sllverflsh Fenvilea ItuliviJu.i Is Wanps ?. Kevword Adjective—Immature

International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry (13th) Held in Torino, Europe on 4-9 September 1988. Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-09

On Synthesis Of Dialkyl d-Trimethylsilyloxyalkylphosphonates Zhao Yong-Zhen and Li Zhong- Rua Dpartment o chemistry, Hua Zhong Normal University, Wuhan...Jose Vicente. Jose-AntelC hAd. Na-Yeij~xa Qhicote. Ju~an-Francisco Gutliez-Jugo. Carmen Ramirez do Arel lano. Departamento do Oulmica InordanIca...Peruzzini, Jos& Antonio Ramirez , Alberto Vacca, Francesco Vizza and Fabrizio Zanobini, Istituto per lo Studio della Stereochimica ed Energetica dei

Experimental Investigation of Irregular Wave Cancellation Using a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

83388 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF IRREGULAR WAVE CANCELLATION USING A CYCLOIDAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER Stefan G. Siegel∗ Department of Aeronautics...United States Air Force Academy Air Force Academy, Colorado, 80840 USA Email: stefan @siegels.us Casey Fagley Department of Aeronautics United States Air...would like to acknowledge fruitful discussion with Dr. Jürgen Seidel and Dr. Tiger Jeans. This material is based upon activities supported by the

Balancing the Trinity: U.S. Approaches to Marginalizing Islamic Militancy in Pakistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

an anti-Indian terrorist organization mostly composed of Pakistani Punjabis , Lashkar-e-Tayyiba is considered among the most “capable and high-profile...charitable wing known as Jamaat ud Dawa (JuD) (Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, 2013). 3. Sectarian: Lashkar-i-Jhangvi As a Punjabi ...organization valuable access to the organizational infrastructure and funding in Pakistan’s Punjabi heartland (Fishman, 2013, p. 365). Through alliances

Pro-static Agents in Jet Fuels

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-16

1000 10,000 CHARGE DENSITY (juC/ms) Fig. 5- Effect otpolar compounds on charging tendency of silica-gel-treated n-heptane Naphthenic acid is neither a...Eastmant Naphthenic acids Practical Eastman t 30 NRL REPORT 8021 Compound Purity Supplier Pararosandine hydrochloride Not available Eastmant...silica gel to remove moisture and polar contaminants that might interfere with the compound or additive being screened. This treatment Manuscript

Terrestrial ecosystem model performance for net primary productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in permafrost regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, J.; McGuire, A. D.; Lawrence, D. M.; Burke, E.; Chen, X.; Delire, C. L.; Koven, C. D.; MacDougall, A. H.; Peng, S.; Rinke, A.; Saito, K.; Zhang, W.; Alkama, R.; Bohn, T. J.; Ciais, P.; Decharme, B.; Gouttevin, I.; Hajima, T.; Ji, D.; Krinner, G.; Lettenmaier, D. P.; Miller, P. A.; Moore, J. C.; Smith, B.; Sueyoshi, T.; Shi, Z.; Yan, L.; Liang, J.; Jiang, L.; Luo, Y.

2014-12-01

A more accurate prediction of future climate-carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and improved representation of the carbon cycle in permafrost regions within current earth system models. Here, we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimated net primary productivity (NPP) and its vulnerability to climate change in permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Those models were run retrospectively between 1960 and 2009. In comparison with MODIS satellite estimates, most models produce higher NPP (310 ± 12 g C m-2 yr-1) than MODIS (240 ± 20 g C m-2 yr-1) over the permafrost regions during 2000‒2009. The modeled NPP was then decomposed into gross primary productivity (GPP) and the NPP/GPP ratio (i.e., C use efficiency; CUE). By comparing the simulated GPP with a flux-tower-based database [Jung et al. Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11), we found although models only produce 10.6% higher mean GPP than JU11 over 1982‒2009, there was a two-fold disparity among models (397 to 830 g C m-2 yr-1). The model-to-model variation in GPP mainly resulted from the seasonal peak GPP and in low-latitudinal permafrost regions such as the Tibetan Plateau. Most models overestimate the CUE in permafrost regions in comparison to calculated CUE from the MODIS NPP and JU11 GPP products and observation-based estimates at 8 forest sites. The models vary in their sensitivities of NPP, GPP and CUE to historical changes in air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration and precipitation. For example, climate warming enhanced NPP in four models via increasing GPP but reduced NPP in two other models by decreasing both GPP and CUE. The results indicate that the model predictability of C cycle in permafrost regions can be improved by better representation of those processes controlling the seasonal maximum GPP and the CUE as well as their sensitivity to climate change.

Sex expression and breeding strategy in Commelina benghalensis L.

PubMed

Kaul, Veenu; Koul, Awtar Kishen

2009-12-01

This paper describes the results of a series of experiments conducted to unravel the patterns of sex expression and reproductive output in a fascinating species with high variation in sexuality. Commelina benghalensis L., an andromonoecious rainy season weed, bears male and bisexual flowers in axillary spathes of all the plants investigated. Bisexual flowers are of two types; chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL). The former are borne on subaerial and the latter on subterranean shoots, in addition to those on aerial spathes. Three populations of the species, designated JU1, JU2 and JU3, were scanned for three consecutive years from 1996 to 1998, and the number and distribution of male, CH and CL flowers per plant were found to vary. The mere number of CH/CL flowers per plant is by itself not an accurate measure of mixed mating. It is necessary to confirm that CH flowers actually outcross and, if they do so, to what extent. Comparison of the pollen/ovule (P/O) ratio and percentage pollen germination on the stigmas of the CH and CL flowers have been used as indices of the pollination system. Confirmation of this was sought from the fruit and seed sets obtained after manual pollination of emasculated flowers with self- and cross-pollen. Results so obtained were compared with those of natural pollination. In the majority of CH flowers, the male and female reproductive phases (i.e. anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity) overlap, providing for self-pollination. However, two exceptions to this general behaviour were found in some plants of all the three populations. In some CH flowers, the female phase matures prior to anther dehiscence while in others, the anthers are sterile. Such plants, designated as variants 1 and 2, respectively, facilitate cross-pollination. While the CL flowers contribute to the production of selfed progeny, the variants of CH ones permit formation of outcrossed progeny, indicating a mixed mating strategy in C. benghalensis.

Concurrent Validity of Wearable Activity Trackers Under Free-Living Conditions.

PubMed

Brooke, Skyler M; An, Hyun-Sung; Kang, Seoung-Ki; Noble, John M; Berg, Kris E; Lee, Jung-Min

2017-04-01

Brooke, SM, An, H-S, Kang, S-K, Noble, JM, Berg, KE, and Lee, J-M. Concurrent validity of wearable activity trackers under free-living conditions. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1097-1106, 2017-The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concurrent validity of wearable activity trackers in energy expenditure (EE) and sleep period time (SPT) under free-living conditions. Ninety-five (28.5 ± 9.8 years) healthy men (n = 34) and women (n = 61) participated in this study. The total EE and SPT were measured using 8 monitors: Nike+ FuelBand SE (NFB), Garmin VivoFit (VF), Misfit Shine (MF), Fitbit Flex (FF), Jawbone UP (JU), Polar Loop (PL), Fitbit Charge HR (FC), and SenseWear Armband Mini (SWA) (criterion measures: SWA for EE and a sleep log for SPT). The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) for EE was 13.0, 15.2, 15.5, 16.1, 16.2, 22.8, and 24.5% for PL, MF, FF, NFB, FC, JU, and VF, respectively. Mean absolute percent errors were calculated for SPT to be 4.0, 8.8, 10.2, 11.5, 12.9, 13.6, 17.5, and 21.61% for VF, FF, JU, FC, MF, SWA laying down, PL, and SWA, respectively. Concurrent validity was examined using equivalence testing on EE (equivalence zone: 2,889.7-3,531.9 kcal); 2 trackers fell short of falling in the zone: PL (2,714.4-3,164.8 kcal) and FC (2,473.8-3,066.5 kcal). For SPT (equivalence zone: 420.6-514.0 minutes), several monitors fell in the zone: PL (448.3-485.6 minutes), MS (442.8-492.2 minutes), and FF (427.7-486.7 minutes). This study suggests that the PL and FC provide a reasonable estimate of EE under free-living conditions. The PL, FC, and MF were the most valid monitors used for measuring SPT.

Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA Chelsea L. Wright, Robyn M. Nadolny, Ju Jiang, Allen L. Richards, Daniel E...Virginia. We found that 43.1% of the adult Gulf Coast ticks collected in the summer of 2010 carried Rickettsia parkeri, suggesting that persons living in...or visiting southeastern Virginia are at risk for infection with this pathogen. Rickettsia parkeri is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging

Fleet Reliability Assessment Program. Volume 2B. Equipment Report NAVMACS A+.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

A4 N’ 0 NM (%M 000 0 N M M -󈧄 N 0 0--0 00-’C0’ 0i 0 0 uj ’I CD- a’ coo a cc~ a’ cc 0 0 C ,: 0 00 cacao ’ 0-M0LA jU’A’ ’C’-I N4’CP-Nww~ww ww W NNN’CN

Two-Dimensional Electrophoretic Analysis of Subcellular Liver Fractions and Isolated Hepatocytes from Normal and PFDA Treated Rats

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-28

Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP perfluoro.n-decanoic acid ; two-dimensional electrophoresis...hepatotoxicity; cell fractions; liver 1 t ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) effects...Unu::’-. ’. I AFOSR Ju .T , Building 410 Bolling AFB, DC 20332-6448 By Dist V’ lml mm mm i INTRODUCTION Perfluorocarboxylic acids and other

Targeting Cell Polarity Machinery to Exhaust Breast Cancer Stem Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-15-1-0644 TITLE: Targeting Cell Polarity Machinery to Exhaust Breast Cancer Stem Cells PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Chun-Ju...U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: Approved for Public Release...Targeting Cell Polarity Machinery to Exhaust Breast Cancer Stem Cells 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-15-1-0644 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT

Implicity Defined Neural Networks for Sequence Labeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-13

popularity of the Long Short - Term Memory (LSTM) (Hochreiter and Schmidhuber, 1997) and variants such as the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) (Cho et al., 2014...bidirectional lstm and other neural network architectures. Neural Net- works 18(5):602–610. Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 1997. Long short - term ...hid- den states of the network to coupled together, allowing potential improvement on problems with complex, long -distance dependencies. Initial

Prairie du Chien: Historical and Architectural Resources Support Agreement

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

Crawford County. Springfield, Illinois: Union Publishing Company , 1884. Kellogg , Louis Phelps. The British Regime in Wisconsin and the Noithwest. Madison...INTERIOR V.. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240 ,2.i Accession For 1NTIS GRA&I DTIC TAR0 Ju , -~ ~ Codes ’al - uO- S ...HISTORICAL & APCHITECTUPAL RESOURCES SUPPORT AGREEMENlT. -’’, 6 PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR( s ) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER( s ) Alison K

Mitigating Corruption in Government Security Forces: The Role of Institutions, Incentives, and Personnel Management in Mexico

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

economy to freer trade, and helped liberate controls over business, the press, and civil society. The deterioration of the political system also led to a...munici- pal population to identify and allocate funds to eligible municipalities ( Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 2008). The two munici- palities with the...Mexico City, Mexico, “Merida Initiative at a Glance: Combating Violence in Juárez, September 2010. Bibliography 61 Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Diario

Effects of Fluid Load on Human Urine Characteristics Related to Workplace Drug testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

Human.subject.participation.was.approved. by.the.Institutional.Review.Boards.of.the.University.of. Oklahoma.Health. Sciences. Center. (OUHSC),.Okla- homa . City,. OK,. and. of...Ju st A fte r F lu id In ta ke (S am pl e 3) A t S to m ac h C le ar an ce (S am pl e 4) A t F irs t U rg e (S am pl e 5

Factors Associated with Sexual Risk of HIV Transmission Among HIV-Positive Latino Men Who have Sex with Men on the U.S.-México Border

PubMed Central

Kutner, Bryan A.; Nelson, Kimberly M.; Simoni, Jane M.; Sauceda, John A.; Wiebe, John S.

2016-01-01

We present results from a cross-sectional, clinic-based survey of border-region Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and who also are living with HIV in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area. Among the 66 participants who reported serodiscordant anal or vaginal intercourse, we examined levels of psychological distress and substance use and the association of these variables with condomless sex. Bivariate analyses indicated that MSM who reported condomless sex with a serodiscordant partner were more likely to report higher scores on measures of anxiety, depression, and trauma. These men were also more likely to report more days of alcohol use to the point of intoxication. In multivariate logistic regression, no variables were independently associated with sexual risk behavior, but symptoms of anxiety trended toward statistical significance. Our study is one of few reports aimed at understanding the HIV epidemic among Latino MSM living with HIV in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez border region. Although we found no evidence of a relation between our measures of psychological distress and substance use and sexual risk behavior in multivariate analyses, psychological distress and problematic alcohol use were common in the sample and are important targets for intervention in their own right. PMID:27278549

Intercomparison of Atmospheric Correction Algorithms Applied to HICO Imagery

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-02

photons and shadows a region. The water-leaving radiance from the shadowed region, LwsJu (A) that reaches the sensor results from only skylight ...solar and skylight photons. In addition to the water-leaving radiance, radiance recorded at the sensor also includes path radiance due to molecular (or...one part caused by the backscattering of the diffuse skylight and the other part by backscattering of the direct solar beam. For the sunny and

Operation REDWING-Project 6.4. Airborne Antennas and Phototubes for Determination of Nuclear-Weapon Yield

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

atmospheric nuclear test program. I ß 1 «I ’ es M 3S ^9 -a 38 ŝ ^^ "^ ^^ "* na R5 58 ^^ *" S8 ’ Rfl 98 ffa K8 »A Ü9 ÜR »A ft& »A KS 9ft KS 93 89...j-U !i ’ 1 1 I \\ ’ r bbp ilpl i’ i; I LLUL IPB"" \\ ::.--=:===:;:=: -^ v~ ] LLLLLL, i

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search, Lackland AFB, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

governmental environ- mental projects. Environmental Engineering Department Head (1973-1976). Supervised staff involved in auditing environmental practices...V. -4 a a ; to- w w M, 4-. c* a a M - ~ a -- ~= a a a a a aa as-au ’- aC aCca - ~~~ - aa:0 a 0 24 X4 JU 2 a -- a. -~a - .wZ 2kD.4 4 ob0 m C C w 4a

Educating International Security Practitioners: Preparing to Face the Demands of the 21st Century International Security Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-07-01

and it (usu ally) takes the in put of ju niors to help a se nior strat e gist ar rive at his con clu sions. 3 Lieutenant General Richard Chilcoat...Major General Richard A. Chilcoat, Strategic Art: The New Discipline for 21st Century Leaders, Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute...beyond the scope of this chapter, Richard Betts’ insightful essay on the importance of strategic studies supports the notion that security studies is

Development of N- and P- Types of Semiconducting Polymers

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-05

Luyao Lu, Tao Xu, Ju Min Lee, Zhiqiang Luo, Feng He, Hyung Il Park, In Hwan Jung, Sang Ouk Kim, Luping Yu, “The Role of N- Doped Multi-wall Carbon...Luping Yu, Di-Jia Liu, Improving Hydrogen Adsorption Enthalpy Through Coordinatively 23 Unsaturated Cobalt in Porous Polymers, Macromolecular...Sang Ouk Kim, Luping Yu, “The Role of N- Doped Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Achieving Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Storage of Medical Unit Prepositioned War Reserve Materiel

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

PROJECT REPORT JANUARY 1978 DARCOM 5-77 STORAGE OF MEDICAL UNIT PREPOSITIONED m WAR RESERVE MATERIEL DTIC I 1is dcurtent hais lbe-i approved J JU N...ERIZATION CENTER 8030 TOITHANNA ARMY BEPOT 8030 1 OITNANNA, PENNSYLVANIA 11466 81 6 03 048 ABSTRACT .Army Medical Department (AMEDD) war reserve stocks are...presently commingled with mission stocks throughout the world . In case of mobilization, these stocks must be selected, assembled into units, and

Necropolitics, narcopolitics, and femicide: gendered violence on the Mexico-U.S. border.

PubMed

Wright, Melissa W

2011-01-01

In 1993, a group of women shocked Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, with the news that dozens of girls and women had been murdered and dumped, like garbage, around the city during the year. As the numbers of murders grew over the years, and as the police forces proved unwilling and unable to find the perpetrators, the protestors became activists. They called the violence and its surrounding impunity "femicide," and they demanded that the Mexican government, at the local, state, and federal levels, stop the violence and capture the perpetrators. Nearly two decades later, the city's infamy as a place of femicide is giving way to another terrible reputation as a place of unprecedented drug violence. Since 2006, more than six thousand people have died in the city, as have more than twenty-eight thousand across the country, in relation to the violence associated with the restructuring of the cartels that control the production and distribution of illegal drugs. In response to the public outcry against the violence, the Mexican government has deployed thousands of troops to Ciudad Juárez as part of a military strategy to secure the state against the cartels. In this essay, I argue that the politics over the meaning of the drug-related murders and femicide must be understood in relation to gendered violence and its use as a tool for securing the state. To that end, I examine the wars over the interpretation of death in northern Mexico through a feminist application of the concept of necropolitics as elaborated by the postcolonial scholar Achille Mbembe. I examine how the wars over the political meaning of death in relation both to femicide and to the events called "drug violence" unfold through a gendering of space, of violence, and of subjectivity. My objective is twofold: first, to demonstrate how the antifemicide movement illustrates the stakes for a democratic Mexican state and its citizens in a context where governing elites argue that the violence devastating Ciudad Ju

The Science of Asteroid Sample Return Mission Hayabusa2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, Y.; Yoshikawa, M.; Watanabe, S.

2015-12-01

Hayabusa2, which is the follow-on mission of Hayabusa, was launched on Dec. 3, 2014. The target asteroid is (162173) 1999 JU3, a C-type, small Near Earth Asteroid. The principal purpose of Hayabusa2 is to study the origin and evolution of the solar system, especially the origin of organic matters and waters on the earth. Hayabusa2 will arrive at 1999 JU3 in June or July 2018, stay there for about one and half years, leave there at the end of 2019, and come back to the earth at the end of 2020. The main mission is the sample return, taking the surface materials of 1999 JU3 and bringing them back to the earth. We will try to get the samples not only from the surface but also from the subsurface by creating a small crater on the surface of the asteroid (see the figure). Hayabusa2 has remote sensing instruments as follows: Optical Navigation Cameras (ONC-T/W1/W2), Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3), Thermal Infrared Imager (TIR), and Laser Altimeter (LIDAR). It has also three small rovers (MINERVA-II-1A/1B/2), and one small lander (MASCOT), which was provided by DLR and CNES. Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) is used to create a small crater and the impact event is observed by a deployable camera (DCAM3). Thus we can use a wide variety of data to study this C-type asteroid. And of course, we will analyze the samples in detail after the capsule of Hayabusa2 comes back to the earth. For the science researches, we have Hayabusa2 science team in Japan. As for the international science discussions we organized Hayabusa2 Joint Science Team (HJST). HJST is presently consists of Japanese science members and European members who are mostly related MASCOT. We had four general meetings up to now. In this year (2015), NASA announced Hayabusa2 Participating Scientist Program. If US scientists are selected, they will be the members of HJST. In addition to this, we have started discussions with OSIRIS-REx team for the science collaboration. We hope that Hayabusa2 will produce much more

The Effects of ’Jet-Lag’ on Exercise Performance,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-11

The Effects of "Jet-Lag" on Exercise Performance ’ 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER ~E AUTHOR(a) 6. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&) James A. Vogel, Ph.D. 0... PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS SO. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK UAryResearch Isite of Ernetal AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS Medicine, Natick...entered In Block 20, If different from JU 7 193 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES To be published in Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise as a Symposium III

Near East/South Asia Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-24

must be presented to a judge and the judge will decide whether the benefit lies in her staying or not staying home. ™ UTi °nJu D°eS th±S mean thSt y...registered midwife, an assistant pharmacist , a technical lab assistant,-a statistician, a health inspector, a clerk, a driver and two messengers. A Full... pharmacists , an assistant statistician, a health inspector, a director, a clerk, a storage superintendent, a librarian, divisional superintendent, two

Summary of Research Activities Academic Departments 1980-1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

policy issues in these nations. Three regional studies of non-agricultural activities in the Philippines , Malaysia, and Sierra Leone are examined for...AD-AL17 5 291 NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAOIS MD F/6 5/2 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS 1980-1981(U) OCT 81 W L HELFIN UNCLASSIFIED USNA-7...SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1980 - 1981 COMPILED AND EDITED BY PROFESSOR WILSON L. HEFLIN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT DTIC ELECTE I-OCTOBER 1981 JU9 S& UNITED

Detailed Project Report and Environmental Assessment. Section 111. Shores East of Diked Disposal Area, Lorain Harbor, Ohio.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

STONE). &7 LAB 07 AORD LAB APRL 1978 LAB * 107/78.6118 PRESQUE ISLE PROJECT UNK ORD LAB CLEVELAND WEST BREAKWATER JU. LAB 103/78.6240 .R..ABILITATION...NOTES IS. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere side if neeemvr and identify by block number) beach erosion diked disposal areas shore erosion Lake Erie ...House Document No. 229, 83rd Congress, "Appendix VIII, Ohio Shoreline of Lake Erie Between Vermilion and Sheffield Lake Village, Beach Erosion Control

Worldwide Report, Epidemiology

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-26

them to take their chlldrerv outside the village-for treats rnent of measles, chicken - pox and small- pox . {The result of this superstition was the...within two days of the attack. The village inmates, out of ignorance, treated them with neem leaves as they used to do in case of chicken pox . Having...Migrants v (Penang THE STAR, 30 Oct 85) JU Briefs ~2 Jaundice Cases - b - MEXICO National AIDS Statistics: New Study Facility ( Mexico City

Learning New Principles from Precedents and Exercises.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-01

number of corresponding things, for some Shakespeare comparisons are as follows: Patrick H. Winston - 34- Notes HA HA JU OT TA MAcbeth 199 HAmlet 110...rules to end up in the middle level of the class hierarchy. On working with Shakespeare , a system would learn some things about nobles, less about people...Matcher Performance on Shakespeare Precis One curious sort of robust behavior was observed in the matcher: it gives the same relative results even as

Oscillations in the Visual Response to Pulsed Stimuli,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

0 0 4j 4 10~ 4U 0 0 M 0 0 ig 0 US-CO C 5-.)G GOC 4.) mfle e--r ’E % &C JU *A %C c 𔃺 UO .O. 4) 0 .0 to () GD LD = .- En I’l 4J 0 C4 . ~ w~ C4 = W4.0...dichromatic obser- vers. Science. 168:775-776. Le Grand, Y. 1937. Sur le rhythme apparent du papillotement . Acadmy of Science Paris Comptee Rendus

Radioimmunoassay of Urinary Free Cortisol.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-09-28

materials antigenically similar to cortisol from the urine . The second step is the radioimmunoassay using dextran-coated charcoal to separate bound and...recovery averaged 97.7%. One technician can analyze 100 samples per week. INTRODUCTION cently. radioimmunoassay (R1A) (2. 6. 9. 13 , 14, IS , 26. 29...HILDERBRAND cort icos te i’oid excretion to human pci-form- pared jU st prior to rise by evaporat ing thc ance 1 24 L :\\ lthough the specif icity ofdeter

Military Knowledge Handbook for Commanders (Selected Section)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-28

8217 Accession For NTIS GRA&I DTIC TAB 0l Unannoun ed 0] ju,.it . " t ation Distri’muti on/ Availabilit %Codes Dist cSpeial GRAPHICS DISCLAIMER...cloud layers, the energy of ray radiation on the ground will increase due to reflection effect of the cloud layers. Water surface, ice, accumulated... water flow can direct the radioactive fallout into defense works and water sources to worsen contaminations; radioactive fallout can easily be retained in

From Mao toward Modernity: The Increasing Westernization of the People’s Liberation Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

42Xiaoping Deng and Zhongguo gong chan dang. Zhong yang Makesi En’gesi Liening Sidalin zhu zuo bian yi ju., Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, 1982...1992. vol. 3, 1st ed. ( Beijing , China: Foreign Languages Press, 1994), 133. 43Information Office of the State Council, The People’s Republic of China...its sovereign interests in what Beijing considered its backyard. The result was Beijing’s adoption of a strategy that sought to compel greater

Preliminary Measurements and Code Calculations of Flow through a Cascade of DCA Blading at a Solidity of 1.67.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

turbines that are capable of developing large amounts of thrust or power has motivated a continuing drive to obtain more ac- curate predictions of the flow...O - ps4 .. 8. OLU .ju J I.- .oqct 0 i CCU (J O4 a0.12 0. O.-4q ry ~WCLn Cc 43- cc . 49 0- 1W - 0.a- 4tWO U .-. NQ ujc0W - a~U .1 0U 0 0 *M o-% Ow a%.N

The Effect of Long Term Monocular Occlusion on Vernier Threshold: Elasticity in the Young Adult Visual System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

Experiments-The Animal Model Plasticity in animals during a "critical period" has been well demonstrated by Hubel and Wiesel and many other authors. (23...the cortical cells are "utterly plastic". Hubel and Wiesel (1970) suggested an analagous critical period for man which could be signifi- cantly longer...in their ju- venile macaque monkeys, Hubel , Wiesel , and Levay (1977) noted a significant change in the ocular dominance columns in lay- er IV C of

Using evidence on violence and injury prevention for policy development and decision making in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.

PubMed

Gutiérrez, Luis Alberto; Pacheco, Sergio; Juárez, Alethia Yurithzi; Palacios, Luis Alexandro; Cerqueira, Maria Teresa

2012-05-01

This report describes the implementation process and functional structure of the Observatory of Security and Citizen Conviviality of the Juarez Municipality (Observatorio de Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadanas del Municipio de Juárez) in Chihuahua, Mexico, and discusses the most relevant lessons learned and main challenges in the near future. The Observatory, created in 2008, is a joint effort of the Juarez Municipal Government, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez (Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez), and the Pan American Health Organization. The Observatory's main objective is to propose strategies and public policy recommendations to prevent and control violence and injuries in the Juarez Municipality. Most key federal, state, and local agencies have joined this independent autonomous citizen-based initiative, feed the databases, and benefit from the information produced by a multisectoral, multidisciplinary approach. The Observatory contributes far more than the technical data provided and its facilitating functions. The clear results obtained in such a short time-as seen in the preliminary results of the case study on road injuries from January 2009 to July 2011-demonstrate the appropriateness of this course of action and should stimulate the creation of new observatories whenever and wherever needed. Lessons learned, as discussed here, can open the way to new endeavors, and current challenges show how much work remains to be done.

Tripeptidyl peptidase II is dispensable for the generation of both proteasome-dependent and proteasome-independent ligands of HLA-B27 and other class I molecules.

PubMed

Marcilla, Miguel; Villasevil, Eugenia M; de Castro, José Antonio López

2008-03-01

A significant fraction of the HLA-B27-bound peptide repertoire is resistant to proteasome inhibitors. The possible implication of tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) in generating this subset was analyzed by quantifying the surface re-expression of HLA-B*2705 after acid stripping in the presence of two TPPII inhibitors, butabindide and Ala-Ala-Phe-chloromethylketone. Neither decreased HLA-B27 re-expression under conditions in which TPPII activity was largely inhibited. This was in contrast to a significant effect of the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin. The failure of TPPII inhibition to decrease surface re-expression was not limited to HLA-B27, since it was also observed in several HLA-B27-negative cell lines, including Mel JuSo. Actually, HLA class I re-expression in Mel JuSo cells increased as a function of butabindide concentration, which is consistent with an involvement of TPPII in destroying HLA class I ligands. Inhibition of TPPII with small interfering RNA also failed to decrease the surface expression of HLA class I molecules on 143B cells. Our results indicate that TPPII is dispensable for the generation of proteasome-dependent HLA class I ligands and, without excluding its role in producing some individual epitopes, this enzyme is not involved to any quantitatively significant extent, in generating the proteasome-independent HLA-B27-bound peptide repertoire.

U. S. Naval Strategy and Foreign Policy in China, 1945-1950.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-05

a plan for a naval assistance mission to China presented in the summer of 1941 by Colonel HsiaoIII Hsin -ju, assistant Chinese military attachS in...he admonished his sub- ordinates that "if I do something you don’t think is right, just shut up about it.󈧤 Miles then laid out plans to carry out...Iammunition dump at Hsin Ho, near Tientsin, killing five marines and wounding sixteen more. The communists successfully escaped with an unknown quantity of

Army Sustainment. Volume 43, Issue 4, July-August 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

ManageMent coMMand. he holdS a B.a. degree in criMinal juStice froM con- cordia college in Michigan and iS level ii certified in PrograM ManageMent and...got there. Think about the entire process, from raw-materials extraction to transformation at a plant or mill, movement of these materials to a manu...facturing plant , assembly of the product’s various components, packaging and further movement to a warehouse or distribution center, delivery to the

The Madras Army in the Northern Circars, 1832-1833, Pacification and Professionalism.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

Surveyor General’s office were all military otflicers! , one of whom, Lieutenant Hill, was sent to map the Vishakhapatnam and Ganjam Districts...Lne Army, such as, two bills for 134 Rupees submitted by the Cu IlectJu ,t Ganjam for areas used as a drill ground and as a smalI arms firimo ranqe...41 issue, incidentally, was still not settled when India gained her independence in 1947. Major Nash in command of the Ganjam Sibbendy Corps was paid

Proceedings of the Conference on the Design of Experiments in Army Research Development and Testing (30th) Held at Las Cruces, New Mexico on 17-19 October 1984

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-01

Range, New Moxico HELD AT New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico 17-19 October 1984 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited...conducted on the campus of its co-host, the New Mexico State University (NMSU) in Las Cruces, New Mexico . This proved to be an ideal arrangement, and members...Science I.aboratory New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico * * *, * * Wedimusday, 17 October * * * * * U0l5-0916 REGISTRATIUN t. U9I5-U9jU

Graphic Enhancement of the Aircraft Penetration Model for Use as an Analytic Tool.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

internal web of subroutines linked by a ’nervous sytem’ of labelled common blocks." [Ref. 23] Once the user prescribes the parameters for a particular...10 MI4 - ww (A~’ - 0 z . l J- 6,- L a-. 1- ’..u.. - V):LA r w iJ..W 0 d4- Z 9- wtv 4)Lj.J.44 I---M. .. j jU- Wix it 9I’-wku SAXw. Q.3 t- Vd I)4.J13v)v

Physical Processes in Hollow Cathode Discharge

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

State University. Finally, many thanks to my wife, Kyoung -Sook and my son, Frederick Teut, for their love and being supportive for two and half years...recommended for all electron emission purposes. 46 REFERENCES 1. Kim Gunther, "Hollow Cathode Plasma Source" ( Spectra-Mat Hollow Cathode Manual...59 Dong 401 Ho Seoul, Republic of Korea 8. Maj. Kim , Jong-Ryul 1 Postal Code 500-00 Book-Gu, Du-Am Dong, 874-14 Kwang-Ju, Republic of Korea 9. Maj

Wind Profiles in Gentle Terrains and Vegetative Canopies for a Three-Dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-01

terrain was probably related to the nocturnal low-level jet ( LLJ ). From data sets, CASEX 99 (17) and JU2003 (18, 19), we know the nocturnal LLJ is...common a phenomena in the clear, undisturbed night atmosphere. The data showed the nocturnal LLJ was observed in 9 out of 10 intensive observation...distinct character of the very stable boundary layer due to the LLJ . Figure 4 shows that the wind profiles are nearly linear above 2.5 m for open

Actual Operation Simulation of RESSOX Ground Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

Note 1289,” (Hewlett-Packard), 60 pp. [5] F. Tappero, A. Dempster, T . Iwata, M. Imae, T . Ikegami , Y. Fukuyama, K. Hagimoto, and A. Iwasaki, 2006...Delay Ionospheric Delay Ku-band Delay Estimation Frequency- Independent part Frequency- Dependent part Elapsed Time with Current Time Set as 0 (s) T ...im e t o b e A d ju s te d 0-6-105 Extrapolated with First- Order Least-Squares Filter Time Adjustment Command 42 nd Annual Precise Time and Time

The Russian Military in the Year 2000

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

Contrao!zions, Mosow. scc ennava Mysl, in Russian, no. 6-7, Jun-Ju’l -, o. 2-’, (JPRS-7MT-𔃼-’i!-L, 14 September 1992, p. 4). ;’ovennvv En ...going to war and influences the ways of waging it. It also influences the planning and conduct of war, determining, for example, when, where and how...interesting to note that the conservative communist/nationalist faction of parliament has not had the influence to include this plank in the statement and

Identification, Purification and Characterization of Major Antigenic Proteins of Campylobacter jejuni

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

with i ht 1ris- KIl hiit ’,/r. standards I Hutk- adi and their weight ii dlaltoiits were: phoi spthor ’ rxse then eit her 51) ju oh sanmplce cor aiti... effect of extraction conditions on polymerization of PEB1, we ically related, and can be recognized by antiserum to PEB1 included water extract...and Clinical and epidemtiologic studies suggest it may be possible Wang. W. L. ( 1983)ý Infect. Immun. 42, 276-284 to develop an effective vaccine for

Making Classical Ground State Spin Computing Fault-Tolerant

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-24

approaches to perebor (brute-force searches) algorithms,” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 6, 384–400 (1984). [24] D. Bacon and S . T. Flammia ...Adiabatic gate teleportation,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 120504 (2009). [25] D. Bacon and S . T. Flammia , “Adiabatic cluster state quantum computing...v1 [ co nd -m at . s ta t- m ec h] 2 2 Ju n 20 10 Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the

Sowing Seeds to Cultivate Future Army Leaders

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

and can operate successfully in Sowing Seeds to Cultivate Future Army Leaders Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting...TITLE AND SUBTITLE Sowing Seeds to Cultivate Future Army Leaders 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d...month will not de- velop the next Army Chief of Staff, it is imperative to plant the seeds of new ideas and concepts early into our ju- nior leaders

Assault Tank T14

DTIC Science & Technology

1944-02-28

oal. machine gun mounted in the turret co» axially with t&e 75mm gun, a ,30 cal. machine gun mounted in the bow of the vehldle, and a .50 cal...openings should be larger. (2) jJJO cal, Co- axial Machine Gun and Mounti (a^ This jnin and mount functioned satisfactorily. (3) ^22 caJU Bow...ball Joint and too little clearance between the mounting pistes causes the mount to be very sticky and difficult to operate. (d^ The travel lock

Information Resource Management for Naval Shore Activities: Concepts and Implementation Strategy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

with accurate inorl atn, at the right time and a the lowest cost. (Ref. 21: p. 15) *" managing the i0formation resource essentially means gathering...US Lf eczcJu 21 =guZ~wuLU Essential in the implementation of Information -" ]Resource anagement, is a clear understanding of the rela- tionships...of determins.ng the needs of the user of a structure anu then d9signing to meet those needs as effectively as possIble within ecnomic and

Modernizing Information Technology in the Office of Economic Adjustment

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-01

AD-A286 036 l 1 ( )HTj% i ll Ntll1.1 flCil i I odit Ut Modernizing Information Technology in the Office of Economic Adjustment FPI IOR1 ~ DG...Jeffrey S. Frost Michael P. McEwen 94-34585 ’> DTC J . -94 11 7 074 July 1993 Modernizing Information Technology in the Office of Economic Adjustment...Road "Bethesda, Maryland 20817-5886 FPIIOR1/JuIy 1993 LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Modernizing Information Technology in the Office of Economic

Coating Performance in Duluth Superior Harbor. Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

chemistry electron microscopy, and electrochemical techniques to in adsorption, bwfouling, hiodegrad ttoa, Mad corrosion in marine environments. She is a... Study off’nrrnmon Kxpowirc Testing h’tiUir Ä/jjjj Ijmm *7£ Compam Showcase CATHOOIC P 34 Onlhodte Pmieeiion of Sieel Pipe Pile* in an Open...of n Steel Drinking Water Pipe in an IIKIUOI l.u\\ ii-oiiinini /Juglins ll’iiiqi, .W lJu. Hnxin l’itng, ^kiuri IIV, amiHuijxiut dir» fcC

Honduras Defense Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-22

political, military, economic and social sectors. DO I JAN73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV GS IS OBSOLETE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wlen Data Entered...political military, economic and social sectors. NTIS CRA&I D -1 srl ooocB d Ju t l, atuo .. . By VI. lbut,.or / Availdbility Codes Dibt ,-.•or 0LIJ A...Pacific Ocean in the north and south, Honduras is the link that divides the Central American Isthmus in half. Any political, social or military event

Research on Crystal and Film Ferroelectric Materials for Optoelectronic Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Fetterman , R.R. Neurgaonkar, and W.K. Gory, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1642 (1986). 11. L.A. Bursill and Peng Ju Lin, Phil. Mag. B 54, 157 (1986). 12. A.V. Turik...and Harold R. Fetterman Department of Electrical Engineering. Univenity of California. Los Angeles. California 90024 Ratnakar R. Neurgaonkar and...sorption and refraction. Upon cooling there is a dramatic in UTaO, at 890 GHz by Fetterman er aL.,5 but only for theec axis. These crystals thus become

Interim Tests of the Effects of Long Duration Blast-Type FLows on Fires in Urban Interiors and Contents of Emergency Operating Centers (EOC)

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-01-01

orifices A,f and A„ respectively) were conducted, all at a (.ornpression chamber overpressure of about 2 psi. During the current testing program, an...actually reflect a pressure decrease with time derived from the modified exponencial relationship given in Eq. 2-14. Blast Flow vs. LDFF Flow Through...indicating the presence of strong eddies and counter currents . »"JCüat^Liöt -r*"- aK.m.ju.J’ aBBtflbsSii ^’ :•.. ’ ä l 1 2 \\ 2 Lzi .3

The Role of Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) in Hormone Signaling Transduction and Prostate Tumorigenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

Wu K, Wang L, Jiao X, Ju X, Li Z, Ertel A, Addya S, McCue P, Lisanti MP, Wang C, Davis RJ, Mardon G, Pestell RG. Androgen therapy resistant...Li Z, Hu J, Chen K, Wu J, Pestell RG. DACH1 inhibited prostate cancer cellular proliferation and Interleukon-6 signaling. AACR 103rd Annual Meeting...March 31 – April 4, 2012, Chicago, IL.  Wang J, Cai S, Chen K, Sun Y, Li S, Pestell RG, Wu K. Regulation of AR transcriptional activity and

National Guard Logistics (NGLOG) Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

ROCiRE.ME-., NSTRUiMENr, DE ,’TrF CA7:0.%,JU’,BEZ ORGANIZATION (dfappiicaolei National Guard Bureau NGB-ARL 8C ADDRESS (City, State. inc ZI Code) 𔃺 SOURCE...which is accounted for by the USPFO of a state. This property can be distributed inter - and intrastate and redistributed without permission of any...reuimesso to upae then C-aigs, Stfor equipment funhes (Ea ofy uts within thean An. Not:l incositAenc betweenSA) dAOCentin interates handsutoaned rethatA which

New Mortgages for Financing Homes Need Uniform and Comprehensive Consumer Safeguards.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-02

consumers . Greater flexibility for adjustable rate mortgages may result if lenders are not required to offer buyers a fixed rate loan, provide worst case... buyer . 12 LUI > 0 C-JuJ w 0L . LL L -U 0 wu-J 0 0 4u U- Doz 13 CHAPTER 3 ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGES NEED BETTER CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS FHLBB and 0CC have...unsuccessful because VRMs were perceived as disadvantageous to consumers . Some believed VRMs would pit home buyers against lenders in a match to see who was

On Subset Selection Procedures for Poisson Processes and Some Applications to the Binomial and Multinomial Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

PURDUE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS DIVISION OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES ON SUBSET SELECTION PROCEDURES FOR POISSON PROCESSES AND SOME...Mathematical Sciences Mimeograph Series #457, July 1976 This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract NOOO14-75-C-0455 at Purdue...11 CON PC-111 riFIC-F ,A.F ANO ADDPFS Office of INaval ResearchJu#07 Washington, DC07 36AE 14~~~ rjCr; NF A ’ , A FAA D F 6 - I S it 9 i 1, - ,1 I

Characterizing and Targeting Replication Stress Response Defects in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

NUMBER Shiaw-Yih Lin , Chun-Jen Lin, Lili Gong, Hui Dai, Ju-Seog Lee 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: sylin@mdanderson.org The University of...the mammary fat pads of female nude mice. We closely monitored tumor formation in the mice. Notably, tumors began to form in 3 of 10 mice injected...and two independent TUSC4-knockdown MCF-10A cell lines (TUSC4 #1 and TUSC4 #4) were injected per mouse into mammary fat pads of 6-week-old female nude

’Exact’ Two-Sided Confidence Intervals on Nonnegative Linear Combinations of Variances.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

Colorado State University ( 042_402) II. CONTrOLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS It. REPORT OAT Office of Naval Rsearch -// 1 Jul MjW80 Statistics and...MONNEGATIVE LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF VARIANCES by Franklin A. Graybill Colorado State University and Chih-Ming Wang SPSS Inc. 1. Introduction In a paper to soon...1 + a2’ called the Nodf Led Lace Sample (HLS) confidence interval, is in 2. Aoce-3Ion For DDC TAO u*.- *- -. n c edI Ju.-’I if iction_, i !~BV . . I

The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren's syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

PubMed Central

Chang, Ching-Mao; Chu, Hsueh-Ting; Wei, Yau-Huei; Chen, Fang-Pey; Wang, Shengwen; Wu, Po-Chang; Yen, Hung-Rong; Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Chang, Hen-Hong

2015-01-01

This large-scale survey aimed to evaluate frequencies and patterns of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in Taiwan by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) for cases in which CHM was used as an alternative therapy to Western medicine for improving patients' discomforts. We analyzed cases of SS principal diagnosis (ICD-9:710.2) with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outpatient clinics from three cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in the NHIRD between 2002 and 2011. CHM prescription patterns for SS were evaluated from claimed visitation files and corresponding prescription files. There were 15,914 SS patients with CIC (SS/CIC), and we found only 130 SS/CIC cases visiting TCM clinics in LHID2000, 133 in LHID2005, and 126 in LHID2010. After removing duplicate data, 366 SS/CIC and 4,867 visits were analyzed. The 50–59 year age group showed the highest ratio (29.51%) in both women and men. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan” and “Xuan-Shen” (Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.) was the most commonly used formula and single herb, respectively. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan, Gan-Lu-Yin, Xuan-Shen, Mai-Men-Dong (Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.), and Sheng-Di-Huang (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)” were the core pattern prescriptions in treating SS/CIC. PMID:25923413

Human Impact of Technological Innovation on the Battlefield

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-15

C-2147 •~4. .. i" Va• LýCTE T.N. Dupuy Associates , Inc. (TNDA) •\\L T P.O. Box 157 JU 12 935 Dunn Loring, Virginia 22027 J 2 ___- Approved for public...ADORESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKA tEA I WORK UNiT NUMU RS T.N. Dupuy Associates , Inc. (TNDA) 62777A.3E162777A879.AA.009 P.O. Box 157 Dunn...proximity fuze, Beehive round, improved II. ASSTRACT (Cointlne an reverse side II necesaery aid Idenlify by block number) The study examines the

Development of A U. S. Coast Guard Chemical Response Suit

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

RTo AaK S T AREA sC 01 .* 0. .37 114i17 01. CL1O 2.0 43.6- ; ReagM Waer BankChlo osulfonle Acid 09113 -3 HOuvm CHANNEL A 14JECT 212 47t3 I. .-. "N I...SOURCE OF DATA Samples were run by Denise McDonald and Kevin Selby on MaX 13, 1987. ~~ ~JU’.A NA tj~~~~MAA r.1*A.taA.JdMANZIf.L &~MAX rumx,ýt-J11

Leadership Development Wargame Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-10

rses o f actio n...in ach ievin g a m in o r o b jective. D evelo p ed tru st w ith m u ltip le p layers th ro u gh th e co u rse o f th e gam e. Is firm , fair...s. U sed m u ltip le ap p ro ach es w h en d evelo p in g co u rses o f actio n . So u n d Ju d gm e n t En gaged in th o u gh tfu l

Marine Physics: Internal-Surface Wave Interaction and Microstructure Measurement Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-31

Stabilized Free-Fall Vehicles" 2. "On the Decay of Grid Generated Turbulence in Stratified Salt Water" Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Page 6 6...Ju.IJic.l modelling shows this vehicle to be stable ^h^iting tilts of less than 10-2 radians under fall into VTra e u Lving at 20 cm/sec. For...Fim^vm scaled according to an overall Froude number U/LN, scaling the vertical wake width, where U is the grid speed, L the mesh size of the grid

Thermo-Mechanical Cracking in Coated Media with a Cavity by a Moving Asperity Friction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

smmhhEohEEEoh ILL 11 O1-25 *I54 *.Nit III,’M " ’, Ot.S S S S S V S AD-A193 311 L . *M THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BUREAU OF...Mechanical Engineering Department APR 06 IIM 1 University of New Mexico SID Technical Report No. ME-144(88)ONR-233-3 H Work performed under ONR Grant...With A Cavity By A Moving Asperity Friction by Frederick D. Ju and Tsu-Yen Chen Mechanical Engineering Department University of New Mexico Albuquerque

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Films Containing FeCoPt Nanoparticles

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

1989). 5. J.S. Yin and Z.L. Wang. .. Mater. Res. 14, 503 (1999). 6. T . Teranishi, M. Hosoe, T . Tanaka, and M. Miyaka. .1. Phys. Chem. B. 103, 3818 (1999...7. H. Kanazawa; G. Lauhoff; R. Sbiaa; T . Suzuki. Digests of the 8"h Joint MMM-Intermag Conference Jan. 7-11 2001, p. QC-03. 8. D. Weller, A. Moser...L. Folks, M. E. Best, W. Lee, M. F. Toney, M. Schwickert, J.-U. Thiele, and M. F. Doerner, IEEE Trans. Magn. 36, 10 (2000) 9. J. Numazawa and H

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Central Bolivia: Relationships Between Reservoir Hosts, Habitats, and Viral Genotypes

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

in Brazil. J Med Virol 59: 527–535. 7. Lopez N, Padula P, Rossi C, Lazaro ME, Franze-Fernandez MT, 1996. Genetic identification of a new hantavirus...177: 529–538. 10. Toro J, Vega JD, Khan AS, Mills JN, Padula P, Terry W, Yadon Z, Valderrama R, Ellis BA, Pavletic C, Cerda R, Zaki S, Wun- Ju S, Meyer...Chile, 1997. Emerg Infect Dis 4: 687–694. 11. Padula PJ, Rossi CM, Della Valle MO, Martinez PV, Colavecchia SB, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Rabinovich RD

Oxidation Protection Systems for Carbon-Carbon Composites Formed by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-22

Illinois University at Carbondale, 1991, in printing. I 42. E. Tatarzycki, ABS Report-4538216:#3, 10, 1990. 43. C. Ju, et. al., Proc. of 6th Materials...transducer, ie. a more positive scaleI I 34 thickness of fairly continuous conversion layer carbon 10 , •O.0000 resina 0 0 Fiber O0c00.a 0 Bundlea • 06...at 13000C, 0.1 atm. 1 93 IZ- ... an rI pia irgaho tea-ccv~ ab .. au .re ;--24- Oo. C:caI micrograpt~h ofcin th e csr ossivc sczrbc2 ccirzza Fck

Malmstrom AFB, Great Falls, Montana. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO)

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-06-12

PRECIPITATION PSYCHROMETRIC-DRY VS WET BULB SNOWFALL MEAN & STD DEV. (DRY BULB, WIT BULB, & DEW POINT) SNOW DEPTH RELATIVE HUMIDITY PARTC SURFACE WINDS PART D...CONDITIONS FROM HOURLY OBSERVATIONS JU 00.jAN/RRI 0 RAIN FREEZING SNOW %OF SMOKE DUST % OF OSS TOTAL MONTH HUS TOURS HAt SAND TOT FOSAD/ RTO HOUS. THUNDR.ADOl...WEATHFR 1500-1700. CLAS VS MIEN(LT.) CONDITION SPEED IMEAN (KNTS) 1.3 4.6 7.10 11.16 17.21 22.27V 2833 34. 40 41.47 43.55 ?:56 % WIND cit. ISPEED N 1.1

Conformal Solid T-spline Construction from Boundary T-spline Representations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

TITLE AND SUBTITLE Conformal Solid T-spline Construction from Boundary T-spline Representations 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM...Zhang’s ONR-YIP award N00014-10-1-0698 and an ONR Grant N00014-08-1-0653. The work of T. J.R. Hughes was supported by ONR Grant N00014-08-1-0992, NSF...GOALI CMI-0700807/0700204, NSF CMMI-1101007 and a SINTEF grant UTA10-000374. References 1. M. Aigner, C. Heinrich, B. Jüttler, E. Pilgerstorfer, B

ST-LO (7 July -19 July 1944)

DTIC Science & Technology

1946-08-21

artillery, but the main troubles came in operating heavy vehicles through muddy fields, slippery trails, and hedgerows. The II9th Infantry felt...Army’s attack began, continued to balk aerial reconnaissance and to make the roads slippery and muddy. The axis of advance of the attacking task...JuLTI J ! VII - XIX CoIIps IOUNOIJIY AS OF 6 JULY .....lIT, If’ III IIIET!!!!. I o " ’" •’" .. flU ( \\ J Elm ’ "’/1’ v,",f «. ? --/ F:rm~91

Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2011 November-December

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melton, Elizabeth; Carver, Spencer; Harris, Andrew; Karnemaat, Ryan; Klaasse, Matthew; Ditteon, Richard

2012-07-01

Photometric data for 26 asteroids were collected over 20 nights of observing during 2011 November through December at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory. The asteroids were: 664 Judith, 739 Mandeville, 781 Kartvelia, 871 Amneris, 971 Alsatia, 1577 Reiss, 2068 Dangreen, 2745 San Martin, 2870 Haupt, 2909 Hoshino- ie, 3041 Webb, 4359 Berlage, 4363 Sergej, 4804 Pasteur, 5870 Baltimore, (5874) 1989 XB, 6121 Plachinda, 6172 Prokofeana, 6402 Holstein, (10765) 1990 UZ , 12738 Satoshimiki, 16358 Plesetsk, (23276) 2000 YT101, (24475) 2000 VN2, (96487) 1998 JU1, (98129) 2000 SD25.

Development of Navy Aircraft Baseline Reliability Predicition Models. Volume 2. User’s Guide and Model Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-27

X X) * -2 - <i U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 >. 0LO Z)~> V ) 0 0 00 0 0 0 F- C- u 4) -, I~ ~~~~~ mom I...------- A:m: LLi Li- V) co IL...i " " I [ , i I .. 5 -I IF- .- I T Ju. ... . ... ’ .. 1- T .. ..I - 4L -- b5F . .- 7 1 4 F ( Pedi cted - F vs HIstor i - I .-.t ,1 ." R Wing A r" 6

Recursive Forecasting System for Person-Job Match.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

AFHRL-TR-77-47, AD-A048 983, Brooks AFB, Texas: Occupation and Manpower Research Division, Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, August, 1977. 31. Ward, J...A056 531, Brooks AFB, Texas, Occupation and Manpower Research Division, Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, July, 1978. 32. Whittle, P., Prediction and... AUTOMI IC [1IFF [EI " THE FOL[..JU’ ARE THE ELEMENTS OF THE STAT VECIOR CANON I CAL C11RFFEL V) I N 1 .0000 C[ 1 LJ 9999.99 D . F . 3 TNF. CR1T. 9993.99

National Service: A Responsibility, A Solution

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-12

Il tws ~ 00" tic ethe audhoe pa~-~t c re a~ t (M i.W Of~’. NATOCNAL SERVICE: A RESPONSIBILITY , A’SOLUTION BY COLONE1L JULES W. h&’MP’ON United States...NUMBERS PROGRAM PROJECT I TASK WORK UNIT ELEMENT NO NO. NO. ACCESSION NO. 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) NATIONAL SERVICE: A RESPONSIBILITY , A...0l DTIC USERS Unclassified 22a, NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 122c OFFICE SYMBOL D n~D F r 1473. JU 8 PreSv:;, e

Propulsion Technology Assessment: Science and Enabling Technologies to Explore the Interstellar Medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopkins, Randall C.; Thomas, Herbert D.; Wiegmann, Bruce M.; Heaton, Andrew F.; Johnson, Les; Baysinger, Michael F.; Beers, Benjamin R.

2016-01-01

Led by the Keck Institute for Space Studies at the California Institute of Technology, the Advanced Concepts Office at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a study to assess what low-thrust advanced propulsion system candidates, existing and near term, could deliver a small, Voyager-like satellite to our solar system's heliopause, approximately 100 AU from the center of the sun, within 10 years and within a 2025-2035 launch window. The advanced propulsion system trade study consisted of three candidates, including a Magnetically Shielded Miniature (MaSMi) Hall thruster, a solar sail and an electric sail. Two aerial densities, and thus characteristic accelerations, 0.426 mm/sq s and 0.664 mm/sq s were analyzed for the solar sail option in order understand the impact of near and long term development of this technology. Similarly, two characteristic accelerations, 1 mm/s2 and 2 mm/sq s, were also analyzed for the electric sail option in addition to tether quantities of 10 and 20, respectively, and individual tether length of 20 km. A second analysis was conducted to determine what existing solid rocket motor kick stage(s) would be required to provide additional thrust at various points in the trajectory, assuming an earth departure characteristic energy capability provided by a Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B vehicle architecture carrying an 8.4 meter payload fairing. Two trajectory profiles were considered, including an escape trajectory using a Jupiter gravity assist (E-Ju), and an escape trajectory first performing a Jupiter gravity assist followed by an Oberth maneuver around the sun and an optional Saturn gravity assist (E-Ju-Su-Sa). The Oberth maneuver would need to be performed very close to the sun, wherein this study assumed a perihelion distance of approximately 11 solar radii, or 0.05 AU, away from the surface. The heat shield technology required to perform this type of ambitious maneuver was assumed to be similar to that of NASA

Propulsion Technology Assessment: Science and Enabling Technologies to Explore the Interstellar Medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopkins, Randall C.; Thomas, Herbert D.; Wiegmann, Bruce M.; Heaton, Andrew F.; Johnson, Les; Baysinger, Michael F.; Beers, Benjamin R.

2016-01-01

As part of a larger effort led by the Keck Institute for Space Studies at the California Institute of Technology, the Advanced Concepts Office at NASA’s George C. Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a study to assess what low-thrust advanced propulsion system candidates, existing and near term, could deliver a small, Voyager-like satellite to our solar system’s heliopause, approximately 100 AU from the center of the sun, within 10 years and within a 2025 to 2035 launch window. The advanced propulsion system trade study consisted of three candidates, including a Magnetically Shielded Miniature (MaSMi) Hall thruster, a solar sail and an electric sail. Two aerial densities, and thus characteristic accelerations, 0.426 mm/s(exp 2) and 0.664 mm/s(exp 2), were analyzed for the solar sail option in order understand the impact of near and long term development of this technology. Similarly, two characteristic accelerations, 1 mm/s(exp 2) and 2 mm/s(exp 2), were also analyzed for the electric sail option in addition to tether quantities of 10 and 20, respectively, and individual tether length of 20 km. A second analysis was conducted to determine what existing solid rocket motor kick stage(s) would be required to provide additional thrust at various points in the trajectory, assuming an earth departure characteristic energy capability provided by a Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B vehicle architecture carrying an 8.4 meter payload fairing. Two trajectory profiles were considered, including an escape trajectory using a Jupiter gravity assist (E-Ju), and an escape trajectory first performing a Jupiter gravity assist followed by an Oberth maneuver around the sun and an optional Saturn gravity assist (E-Ju-Su-Sa). The Oberth maneuver would need to be performed very close to the sun, wherein this study assumed a perihelion distance of approximately 11 solar radii, or 0.05 AU, away from the surface. The heat shield technology required to perform this type of ambitious

Propulsion Technology Assessment: Science & Enabling Technologies to Explore the Interstellar Medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopkins, Randall C.; Thomas, Herbert D.; Wiegmann, Bruce M.; Heaton, Andrew F.; Johnson, Les; Baysinger, Michael F.; Beers, Benjamin R.

2015-01-01

As part of a larger effort led by the Keck Institute for Space Studies at the California Institute of Technology, the Advanced Concepts Office at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a study to assess what low-thrust advanced propulsion system candidates, existing and near term, could deliver a small, Voyager-like satellite to our solar system's heliopause, approximately 100 AU from the center of the sun, within 10 years and within a 2025 to 2035 launch window. The advanced propulsion system trade study consisted of three candidates, including a Magnetically Shielded Miniature (MaSMi) Hall thruster, a solar sail and an electric sail. Two aerial densities, and thus characteristic accelerations, 0.426 mm/s2 and 0.664 mm/s2, were analyzed for the solar sail option in order understand the impact of near and long term development of this technology. Similarly, two characteristic accelerations, 1 mm/s2 and 2 mm/s2, were also analyzed for the electric sail option in addition to tether quantities of 10 and 20, respectively, and individual tether length of 20 km. A second analysis was conducted to determine what existing solid rocket motor kick stage(s) would be required to provide additional thrust at various points in the trajectory, assuming an earth departure characteristic energy capability provided by a Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B vehicle architecture carrying an 8.4 meter payload fairing. Two trajectory profiles were considered, including an escape trajectory using a Jupiter gravity assist (E-Ju), and an escape trajectory first performing a Jupiter gravity assist followed by an Oberth maneuver around the sun and an optional Saturn gravity assist (E-Ju-Su-Sa). The Oberth maneuver would need to be performed very close to the sun, wherein this study assumed a perihelion distance of approximately 11 solar radii, or 0.05 AU, away from the surface. The heat shield technology required to perform this type of ambitious maneuver was assumed to be

Competition between virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs regulates gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PubMed

Sarkies, Peter; Ashe, Alyson; Le Pen, Jérémie; McKie, Mikel A; Miska, Eric A

2013-08-01

Positive-strand RNA viruses encompass more than one-third of known virus genera and include many medically and agriculturally relevant human, animal, and plant pathogens. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural pathogen, the positive-strand RNA virus Orsay, have recently emerged as a new animal model to understand the mechanisms and evolution of innate immune responses. In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is required for C. elegans resistance to viral infection. Here we report the first genome-wide analyses of gene expression upon viral infection in C. elegans. Using the laboratory strain N2, we identify a novel C. elegans innate immune response specific to viral infection. A subset of these changes is driven by the RNAi response to the virus, which redirects the Argonaute protein RDE-1 from its endogenous small RNA cofactors, leading to loss of repression of endogenous RDE-1 targets. Additionally, we show that a C. elegans wild isolate, JU1580, has a distinct gene expression signature in response to viral infection. This is associated with a reduction in microRNA (miRNA) levels and an up-regulation of their target genes. Intriguingly, alterations in miRNA levels upon JU1580 infection are associated with a transformation of the antiviral transcriptional response into an antibacterial-like response. Together our data support a model whereby antiviral RNAi competes with endogenous small RNA pathways, causing widespread transcriptional changes. This provides an elegant mechanism for C. elegans to orchestrate its antiviral response, which may have significance for the relationship between small RNA pathways and immune regulation in other organisms.

Design of Co/Pd multilayer system with antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thiele, Jan-Ulrich

2009-03-01

Among the known magnetic material systems there are only very few examples of materials that undergo a temperature dependent antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition, and of these only the chemically ordered alloy FeRh exhibits this transition near room temperature [1, 2]. Here we present a perpendicular anisotropy multilayer structure that mimics FeRh. The basic idea is to use two stacks of Co/Pd multilayers with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high Curie temperature, TC, separated by a layer providing antiferromagnetic coupling, and a CoNi/Pd multilayer with perpendicular anisotropy with a lower TC, interlayer, in the range of the desired AF-FM transition temperature, TAF-FM. At room temperature this system behaves as two antiferromagnetically coupled layers with a low perpendicular remanent magnetic moment. As the temperature is raised to approach TC, interlayer the magnetization of the interlayer is gradually reduced to zero, and consequently its coupling strength is reduced. Eventually, the effective coupling between the two high-KU, high-TC layers becomes dominated by their dipolar fields, resulting in a parallel alignment of their moments and a net remanent magnetic moment equal to the sum of the moments of the two high-TC layers [2]. [4pt] [1] J. S. Kouvel and C. C. Hartelius, J. Appl. Phys. 33 (1962) p1343 [0pt] [2] J.-U. Thiele, E. E. Fullerton, S. Maat, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) p2859 [0pt] [3] J.-U. Thiele. T. Hauet. O. Hellwig, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 (2008) 242502.

Delivery of expression constructs of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and its domains by chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles enhances their expression and anti-cancer effects.

PubMed

Perumal, Vanathi; Arfuso, Frank; Chen, Yan; Fox, Simon; Dharmarajan, Arun M

2018-06-01

In malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) expression is downregulated by promoter methylation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of encapsulated chitosan-dextran (CS-DS) nanoparticle formulations of SFRP4 and its cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and netrin-like domain (NLD) as means of SFRP4-GFP protein delivery and their effects in JU77 and ONE58 MM cell lines. CS-DS formulations of SFRP4, CRD, and NLD nanoparticles were prepared by a complex coacervation technique, and particle size ranged from 300 nm for empty particles to 337 nm for particles containing the proteins. Measurement of the zeta potential showed that all preparations were around 25 mV or above, suggesting stable formulation and good affinity for the DNA molecules. The CS-DS nanoparticle formulation maintained high integrity and entrapment efficiency. Gene delivery of SFRP4 and its domains showed enhanced biological effects in both JU77 and ONE58 cell lines when compared to the non-liposomal FUGENE ® HD transfection reagent. In comparison to the CRD nanoparticles, both the SFRP4 and NLD nanoparticles significantly reduced the viability of MM cells, with the NLD showing the greatest effect. The CS-DS nanoparticle effects were observed at an earlier time point and with lower DNA concentrations. Morphological changes in MM cells were characterized by the formation of membrane-associated vesicles and green fluorescent protein expression specific to SFRP4 and the NLD. The findings from our proof-of-concept study provide a stepping stone for further investigations using in vivo models.

Mayonnaise contributes to increasing postprandial serum β-carotene concentration through the emulsifying property of egg yolk in rats and humans.

PubMed

Takeda, Sayaka; Kimura, Mamoru; Marushima, Ranko; Takeuchi, Ayako; Takizawa, Kazue; Ogino, Yuji; Masuda, Yasunobu; Kunou, Masaaki; Hasegawa, Mineo; Maruyama, Chizuko

2011-01-01

We performed in vitro, animal, and human studies to clarify the effect of mayonnaise on β-carotene intake and its mechanism. In an artificial gastric juice model, we examined the transfer of β-carotene from grated carrot to mayonnaise or vegetable oil. Mayonnaise was more easily dispersed in artificial gastric juice than vegetable oil. The β-carotene concentration was greater in mayonnaise than vegetable oil. In rats, the postprandial serum β-carotene concentration in the mayonnaise group (β-carotene with mayonnaise) was higher than that in the control (β-carotene only) and vegetable oil (β-carotene with vegetable oil) groups. Continuous feeding of dietary β-carotene (14 d), employing mayonnaise or egg yolk, resulted in an increased accumulation of β-carotene in the liver. In a human study, diets were provided in the form of (1) carrot as a control (CON), (2) carrot juice (JU), (3) carrot with oil (OIL) and (4) carrot with mayonnaise (MS). Following collection of fasting blood samples, nine adult males consumed one of the four diets in random order. Fasting and postprandial changes in serum β-carotene were assessed at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h following ingestion of each diet. The incremental areas under the curves of serum β-carotene concentration were higher following MS than following both CON and JU. In conclusion, we suggest that mayonnaise contributes to raising the serum β-carotene concentration when consumed with carrots rich in β-carotene, and that its mechanism is related to the emulsifying property of the egg yolk contained in mayonnaise.

DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM INHIBITORY DILUTION OF CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE-BASED MOUTHWASHES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

PubMed Central

Watanabe, Evandro; Tanomaru, Juliane Maria Guerreiro; Nascimento, Andresa Piacezzi; Matoba, Fumio; Tanomaru, Mario; Ito, Izabel Yoko

2008-01-01

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of four cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based mouthwashes: CPC+Propolis, CPC+Malva, CPC+Eucaliptol+Juá+Romã+Propolis (Natural Honey®) and CPC (Cepacol®), against 28 Staphylococcus aureus field strains, using the agar dilution method. Decimal dilutions ranging from 1/10 to 1/ 655,360 were prepared and added to Mueller Hinton Agar. Strains were inoculated using Steers multipoint inoculator. The inocula were seeded onto the surface of the culture medium in Petri dishes containing different dilutions of the mouthwashes. The dishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. For readings, the MID was considered as the maximum dilution of mouthwash still capable of inhibiting microbial growth. The obtained data showed that CPC+Propolis had antimicrobial activity against 27 strains at 1/320 dilution and against all 28 strains at 1/160 dilution, CPC+Malva inhibited the growth of all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, CPC+Eucaliptol+Juá+Romã+Propolis inhibited the growth of 2 strains at 1/640 dilution and all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, and Cepacol® showed antimicrobial activity against 3 strains at 1/320 dilution and against all 28 strains at 1/160 dilution. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test, showing that the MID of Cepacol® was lower than that determined for the other products (p<0.05). In conclusion, CPC-mouthwashes showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and the addition of other substances to CPC improved its antimicrobial effect. PMID:19089260

Detection and Tracking Algorithm Refinement.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

65600 2048 131136 An additional number of unused bytes is always added to each record. This varies from 3-11 bytes. 33 /. t1&ju 3 P-,w Doppler Format...Record length 1 32 2096 2 64 4144 3 128 8240 4 256 16432 5 512 32816 6 1024 65584 7 2048 131120 36 Pdiw Doppler Forma ,t 1979, Norma.In Doppler 𔃾t’Vit...512 12336 E 1024 24624 7 2048 49200 Inte~grator/PPP records Position Con-tents- 1 158 (Bits 8, 4, 1 on) 2-46 Same as time series records 47-808

Welding of Armor. Summary of Ballistic Shock Test Results for 1/2, 3/8, 5/16 and 1/4 in. Homogeneous Armor ’H’ Plates Welded with Austenitic Electrodes and Tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground during the Period of 1 April 1943 through 31 March 1944

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-02-15

acceptable Units for irapr.cts shall be causo for rejection of tho welding procedure. "IVji. Impacts less than 6 inches fron the top or botton edge of...34»-< «•-«#-< f- »! * ^Jß a NHPJ aw * »o , J c\\j « K c a p . oo *-~-* jU w- t- o . <NXO ^> J DO 3...rl 00 -\\" r-\\«= t -or T. ■*3 ion ia aW lö 55 ■> t- S « 8 8j 8 CO fj z z ~F O Ö- SJ s a CO M

Fluorinated Materials for Air-stable and Moisture-resistant Flexible Optoelectronics

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-02

Kim Jong , H.; Shin, S.; Yang, H.; An, B.-K.; Yang, L.; Park Soo, Y. Adv Mater 2012, 24, 911-915; (c) Geng, Y.; Li, H.-B.; Wu, S.-X.; Su, Z.-M. J...Park, J.-U.; Shir, D. J.-L.; Nam , Y.-S.; Jeon, S.; Rogers, J. A. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1117-1160; (g) Murphy, A. R.; Frechet, J. M. J. Chem. Rev. 2007...2649-2655; (w) Song, H.-J.; Kim , D.-H.; Lee, E.-J.; Heo, S.-W.; Lee, J.-Y.; Moon, D.-K. Macromolecules (Washington, DC, U. S.) 2012, 45, 7815- 7822; (x

Thirteen Week Oral Toxicity Study of WR238605 with a Thirteen Week Recovery Period in Rats. Volume 3 of 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-18

Page 1 REVISED PAGE A u STUDY Mfr CBM, INITIAL (77 DATE-y-Hl^. 5.0 7.0 Contract No.: DAMD17-92-C-2C01 Task Order No.: UIC-5B Study No.: 098 ® i...Report. The results will not be Page 6 REVISED PAGE /?. STUDY Mfr 2M INITIAL: (jLL i OATF- \\yjuftl.’ I I 1’ II II II II II II II...necessary) recovery animals. . Page 7 REVISED PAGE A,. INITIALIZE cninvwyO^g DATE: ><-/*’ fr ?. i u JU ft Contract No. Task Order No. Study No

Optical Storage Technology Subgroup (FIMUG)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

SECURITY CLASSICATON O NGRS PAG E NPAGE OMNo. 0704- 01 " I a REPORT SECUR - ,. ASSF o RiSTRICTIVE MARKINGS Unclasified oJU IS M’ 2a SECURITY C,.ASS...USERS 22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL i22o TELEPHONE (include Area Code) 22c OFFICE SYMBOL (I 00 Form 1473, JUN 06 Previous e1t3onJ art obSo1te...Mdium May Change Shape of Optical Storage." PC Week. 1988 (21 Jun). "More Volume Buyers Turning Eyes Toward Optical-Storage Market." PC Week. 1988 (25 Jul

Maximum Entropy/Optimal Projection Design Synthesis for Decentralized Control of Large Space Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

M 21 M2 I SI M1l[11 II1211 - - - M= II 2+111 I11-211 NONNEGATIVE CONE ORDERING Figure 25. The Matrix Majorant Is a Bound for the Hatrix Block Norm...the with respect to the cone of nonnegative -definite matrices. inequality (1.5) by the r x r nonnegative matrix equation Indeed, the majorant bound...t) eA-) e ea ’ A rT(" 3 ds, t> O , ju E [0 , 1] 0 J(G, )= tr (0,(6)R,) which is monotonically increasing in the nonnegative -definite G , cone with

Interplanetary Trajectory Design for the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission Alternate Approach Trade Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merrill, Raymond Gabriel; Qu, Min; Vavrina, Matthew A.; Englander, Jacob A.; Jones, Christopher A.

2014-01-01

This paper presents mission performance analysis methods and results for the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission (ARRM) option to capture a free standing boulder on the surface of a 100 m or larger NEA. It details the optimization and design of heliocentric low-thrust trajectories to asteroid targets for the ARRM solar electric propulsion spacecraft. Extensive searches were conducted to determine asteroid targets with large pick-up mass potential and potential observation opportunities. Interplanetary trajectory approximations were developed in method based tools for Itokawa, Bennu, 1999 JU3, and 2008 EV5 and were validated by end-to-end integrated trajectories.

Intense XUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) Radiation Sources.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-31

Light Sources for High ................ .29 . Resolution XUV and VUV Spectroscopy; Appendix F:’High Resolution Spectra of Laser Pl -asma Light...34."" ."."".". "," .. .". .’ Laser (1.06juMm) iol 3 Target Intensit vrV Pls htN Ta disk 3 - I O WlCnr 4. K 2.2 ns 80100209 > 1~ C 1010 109 0 40 80 120 160 200 240...acknowledges support from SERC (UK). 1. Carroll, P.K., Kennedy, E.T. and O’Sullivan, G., 1980, App. Opt. 19, 1454. 2. Nagel, D.J., Brown, C.M., Peckerar

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place, FY 85. Part 21 (Video Animation Systems Inc - Zytron Corporation).

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

22202-4302 ; a NAM E 0- FUND’NG ’SPONSORING Bb OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER7 0 RGAN IZ A nON (if applicable) ’, fy Stare...CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) rIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP 9 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary...used untl exhausted. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 86 3 18 135 ’- . * -’ -" LLJi -- <ZO z. I.D K Z. %.) v 0w 0- a La Z. L.-J. _ju j V) 9 , 1. caZ0 0

National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 1990/1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

but have no effect on TOA. These are collections from the public that arise out of the business-type or market -oriented activities of the Government...magnitude and direction of changes in supply and demand in various markets . There are many different measures of inflation: a. GNP Implicit Price...m a Dmo 0 o~o 0 NCDC wm~ 0 CMI-r- CC40~ ’jU.", 101,0. >a% r- Ln -m I*CN Ln LA CO -4 M m 04 w-4 to 0 C Dr- CN c * -m oNLn -,r mm m -ddL -ia a o Nr, r

Infrared Measurement Variability Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

collecting optics of the measurement system. The first equation for tile blackbody experiment has the form 4.0 pim _ Ae W ,T) r(X,D) 3.5 pm - 4.0 pm JrD2 f3.5...potential for noise reduction by identifying and reducing contributing system effects. The measurement variance ott . of an infinite population of possible...irradiance can be written 4.0 pm I r()A A+ A ) 2 4.0 X C1(, = W(XT + AT)d 3.5 pim I since c + Af =2 r +Ar I Using the two expressions juSt devclopCd

Impacts of genetically engineered alterations in carbon sink pathways on photosynthetic performance

DOE PAGES

Holland, Steven C.; Artier, Juliana; Miller, Neil T.; ...

2016-10-05

Genetic engineering of photosynthetic organisms typically redirects native metabolism towards desirable products, which thereby represent new metabolic sinks. There is limited information on how these modifications impact the evolved mechanisms of photosynthetic energy metabolism and cellular growth. Two engineered strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with altered carbon sink capacity were assayed for their photosynthetic and CO 2 concentrating mechanism properties in conditions of high and low inorganic carbon (Ci) availability. In the ΔglgC mutant, glycogen cannot be synthesized and a carbon sink pathway has been effectively removed. The JU547 strain has been engineered by integration of the Pseudomonas syringaemore » ethylene forming enzyme and provides a new sink. When cultured under high carbon conditions, ΔglgC displayed diminished photochemical efficiency, a more reduced NADPH pool, delayed initiation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and impairment of linear and cyclic electron flows. It also exhibited a large decrease in photochemical quenching indicative of the accumulation of Q A-, normally associated with a reduced PQ pool, but appears instead to be the result of an undefined dissipative mechanism to spill excess energy. In the case of carbon sink integration, JU547 displayed slightly more oxidized PQ and NADPH pools and increased rates of cyclic electron flow and an enhanced demand for inorganic carbon as suggested by increase in the expression of the bicarbonate transporter, SbtA. Overall, the results highlight the importance of the native regulatory network of autotrophic metabolism in governing photosynthetic performance and provide cogent examples of both predicable and difficult to predict phenotypic consequences upon installation of new pathways in autotrophs.« less

Competition between virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs regulates gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

PubMed Central

Sarkies, Peter; Ashe, Alyson; Le Pen, Jérémie; McKie, Mikel A.; Miska, Eric A.

2013-01-01

Positive-strand RNA viruses encompass more than one-third of known virus genera and include many medically and agriculturally relevant human, animal, and plant pathogens. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural pathogen, the positive-strand RNA virus Orsay, have recently emerged as a new animal model to understand the mechanisms and evolution of innate immune responses. In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is required for C. elegans resistance to viral infection. Here we report the first genome-wide analyses of gene expression upon viral infection in C. elegans. Using the laboratory strain N2, we identify a novel C. elegans innate immune response specific to viral infection. A subset of these changes is driven by the RNAi response to the virus, which redirects the Argonaute protein RDE-1 from its endogenous small RNA cofactors, leading to loss of repression of endogenous RDE-1 targets. Additionally, we show that a C. elegans wild isolate, JU1580, has a distinct gene expression signature in response to viral infection. This is associated with a reduction in microRNA (miRNA) levels and an up-regulation of their target genes. Intriguingly, alterations in miRNA levels upon JU1580 infection are associated with a transformation of the antiviral transcriptional response into an antibacterial-like response. Together our data support a model whereby antiviral RNAi competes with endogenous small RNA pathways, causing widespread transcriptional changes. This provides an elegant mechanism for C. elegans to orchestrate its antiviral response, which may have significance for the relationship between small RNA pathways and immune regulation in other organisms. PMID:23811144

Magnetic Reconnection and the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knoll, D. A.; Chacon, L.; Brackbill, J. U.; Lapenta, G.

2002-11-01

Results are presented from a continuing study of magnetic reconnection caused by the evolution of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. To date we have studied 3-D compressible, subsonic and and sub-Alfvenic flow, with differential rotation (a gradient in vorticity parallel to the initial magnetic field) [1,2], as well as 2-D incompressible super-Alfvenic flow [3]. In both cases localized transient reconnection is observed on the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale, and results indicate that the observed reconnection rate is insensitive to resistivity. In the present study we extend both the 2-D and the 3-D results found in [1,2,3]. In the extension of the 2-D work we focus on the fundamental differences in the nonlinear evolution of a low S simulation (S = 200) and a higher S simulation (S = 10,000). In the 3-D work we study the effects of a density discontinuity (present in [1] and not in [2]), along with study the effects of initial curved field lines in the absence of differential rotation. This basic plasma physics problem has possible application to dayside magnetosphere reconnection as a theoretical model for flux transfer events [1]. The general problem also has possible application to solar physics as it could provide a trigger mechanism for some class of coronal mass ejections. Both applications will be briefly discussed. [1] J.U. Brackbill and D.A. Knoll, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86 (2001). [2] D.A. Knoll and J.U. Brackbill, Physics of Plasmas, to appear (2002) [3] D.A. Knoll and L. Chacon, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88 (2002).

Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture within Southern Africa

PubMed Central

Petersen, Desiree C.; Libiger, Ondrej; Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hardie, Rae-Anne; Hannick, Linda I.; Glashoff, Richard H.; Mukerji, Mitali; Fernandez, Pedro; Haacke, Wilfrid; Schork, Nicholas J.; Hayes, Vanessa M.

2013-01-01

Within-population genetic diversity is greatest within Africa, while between-population genetic diversity is directly proportional to geographic distance. The most divergent contemporary human populations include the click-speaking forager peoples of southern Africa, broadly defined as Khoesan. Both intra- (Bantu expansion) and inter-continental migration (European-driven colonization) have resulted in complex patterns of admixture between ancient geographically isolated Khoesan and more recently diverged populations. Using gender-specific analysis and almost 1 million autosomal markers, we determine the significance of estimated ancestral contributions that have shaped five contemporary southern African populations in a cohort of 103 individuals. Limited by lack of available data for homogenous Khoesan representation, we identify the Ju/'hoan (n = 19) as a distinct early diverging human lineage with little to no significant non-Khoesan contribution. In contrast to the Ju/'hoan, we identify ancient signatures of Khoesan and Bantu unions resulting in significant Khoesan- and Bantu-derived contributions to the Southern Bantu amaXhosa (n = 15) and Khoesan !Xun (n = 14), respectively. Our data further suggests that contemporary !Xun represent distinct Khoesan prehistories. Khoesan assimilation with European settlement at the most southern tip of Africa resulted in significant ancestral Khoesan contributions to the Coloured (n = 25) and Baster (n = 30) populations. The latter populations were further impacted by 170 years of East Indian slave trade and intra-continental migrations resulting in a complex pattern of genetic variation (admixture). The populations of southern Africa provide a unique opportunity to investigate the genomic variability from some of the oldest human lineages to the implications of complex admixture patterns including ancient and recently diverged human lineages. PMID:23516368

Induced Currents in Multiple Resonant Scattering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ruby, Stanley L

We will describe here some results from a MRS scattering model designed to be appropriate for slow resonant scattering. This temporal model is based squarely in induced currents in individual nuclei; a natural consequence is that reradiation into 4{pi} is natural, and does not involve special mechanisms like spin-flips or imperfections of the lattice. Driven by these ideas, we have been able to do experiments where the 4{pi}-shine decay rate around the scattering (FS) slabs is measured simultaneously with the FS rate. Our SS scattering slabs are simple as possible--no hyperfine fields, no crystal structure, and quite static in time.more » Get mainly the one important set of currents jp, an associated FS field Ep, and finally an associated beamlike intensity R{sub fs}(t). But in addition, each current, even jp, contributes to the 4{pi}-shine intensity. This gives quantitative agreement with R{sub 4{pi}}(t), which is rather more complicated than the simple e{sup {minus}t} one might first expect. MRS predicts another set of currents ju, with an associated 4{pi} intensity R{sub 4{pi}}(t). The modifiers refer to unphased and phased. With static SS slabs, this branch is weak, and can be neglected. Driven by these ideas, we have prepared scattering samples where the atoms holding the currents are being stirred about (by diffusion) rather rapidly. This provides a method for dephasing the jp, but also provides a generation rate for ju. The experimental data is not of great quality at this early stage. But the present rough MRS calculations fit easily.« less

Mw Systematic Study of Alkaloids: the Distorted Tropane of Scopoline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ecija, Patricia; Cocinero, Emilio J.; Basterretxea, Francisco J.; Fernandez, Jose A.; Castano, Fernando; Lesarri, Alberto

2013-06-01

Tropane alkaloids have diverse pharmacological uses and are well-known for their neurostimulant activity. Previous structure-activity-relationship established correlations between bioactivity and several aspects of ligand conformation and stereochemistry, including delicate intramolecular effects like nitrogen inversion^{a}. We have initiated a series of structural studies on tropane alkaloids^{b}, aimed to discerning their intrinsic stereochemical properties using rotational spectroscopy in supersonic jets^{c}. Here we extend these studies to the epoxytropanes, initially motivated to interrogate the influence of the epoxy group on nitrogen inversion and ring conformation. The rotational spectrum evidences a single structure in the gas phase, providing a first description of the (three ring) structurally-distorted tropane in scopoline. The determined rotational parameters of scopoline reveal the structural consequences of the intramolecular cyclation of scopine, which breaks the original epoxy group and creates a new ether bridge and a 7β-hydroxytropane configuration. The hydroxyl group further stabilizes the molecule by an O-H \\cdots N intramolecular hydrogen bond, which, in turn, forces the N-methyl group to the less stable axial form^{b}. The experimental work was supported by ab initio and DFT calculations. ^{a} i) S.Singh, Chem. Rev. 100, 925 (2000); ii) A. Krunic, D. Pan, W.J. Dunn III, S.V.S. Miariappan, Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 17, 811 (2009). ^{b} E.J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. écija, J.-U. Grabow, J.A. Fernández, F. Castaño, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 6076 (2010). ^{c} E.J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. écija, J.-U. Grabow, J.A. Fernández, F. Castaño, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 12486 (2010).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holland, Steven C.; Artier, Juliana; Miller, Neil T.

Genetic engineering of photosynthetic organisms typically redirects native metabolism towards desirable products, which thereby represent new metabolic sinks. There is limited information on how these modifications impact the evolved mechanisms of photosynthetic energy metabolism and cellular growth. Two engineered strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with altered carbon sink capacity were assayed for their photosynthetic and CO 2 concentrating mechanism properties in conditions of high and low inorganic carbon (Ci) availability. In the ΔglgC mutant, glycogen cannot be synthesized and a carbon sink pathway has been effectively removed. The JU547 strain has been engineered by integration of the Pseudomonas syringaemore » ethylene forming enzyme and provides a new sink. When cultured under high carbon conditions, ΔglgC displayed diminished photochemical efficiency, a more reduced NADPH pool, delayed initiation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and impairment of linear and cyclic electron flows. It also exhibited a large decrease in photochemical quenching indicative of the accumulation of Q A-, normally associated with a reduced PQ pool, but appears instead to be the result of an undefined dissipative mechanism to spill excess energy. In the case of carbon sink integration, JU547 displayed slightly more oxidized PQ and NADPH pools and increased rates of cyclic electron flow and an enhanced demand for inorganic carbon as suggested by increase in the expression of the bicarbonate transporter, SbtA. Overall, the results highlight the importance of the native regulatory network of autotrophic metabolism in governing photosynthetic performance and provide cogent examples of both predicable and difficult to predict phenotypic consequences upon installation of new pathways in autotrophs.« less

Operation STEADFAST Phased Implementation Plan. Revised

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-02-28

i i <M• ~ · 1 fruL 𔃻 . roj rOJ<s: ~lo •’!"Cl ~ { : [ [ rt-t-t::t:±±:±:::t~!!:±:: ( HijO 1 JuL 7~ • TO~ 1ə fm<, Ml l I : ! i i...significant impact on the reorganization process. ~)PN STEADFAST FORM NO. 2 (OT) ’ --raa &rFI~~ Uii uNLY Un r · • ·. JP.11 TRADOC Ia FORSCOM 0...by a division staff element to accom- plish it:s mj.ssion or whose slippage would cause UN CLASS! FlED FUNCTIONS TO ~E TRANSFERRED TO: (NO!El

Balanced Technology Initiative Briefing to Industry.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-26

CL =OP~ .. &.A- _j L7.> "’Mvi r ’~~ ,~~~v ~ ~X 7 ~W.~ ~ ~ 2’ C’ ’ -L W- -- I ,C Ip dlA V)W ml (AL LL I’-J %0 -1- LLJ LL. i CD 0 ~0 >< ml Lfl .. J...j0 A FE- :5 LLU 0 p... 0 4-’ m :j L EI zo U. voz 0-z _i ZZ >.4 -z 0 Z ui < Z JU t LU o a - < p cr" u, -0 CL U ~ z j <-LU4 ’ O-j< <W< -J4~zw... z LLJ

Regional Economic Development in the Soviet Union, Two Case Studies: The Baltic and Central Asia.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

4 4 SZ W w0 0 OW us oJU x 4 qc ~ 4 II.- , Z j I..U U4 z 4 4 Z W w wL W I 0-1 en z - -z 4 0 C4 A 5 since one of the ...6 0 + 6 1fert%t 4 &2irri%t 26 (3) Qt- +t)Q~ ( 4 ) QAt a1q )Q ( 5 ) Hmpt Q t + QA t Inputs into the Productive Process. (6) POPt POPU t+ POPR t (7) [APoPut...differences in 4 7Gertrude Schroeder, "Regional Differences in Incomes and Levels of Living in the USSR," in

Decision Making About Method of Delivery on the U.S.–Mexico Border

PubMed Central

DESISTO, CARLA L.; McDONALD, JILL A.; ROCHAT, ROGER; DIAZ-APODACA, BEATRIZ A.; DECLERCQ, EUGENE

2015-01-01

We explored how low-risk, nulliparous pregnant women and their doctors in two contiguous U.S.–Mexico border communities communicate about methods of delivery and how they perceive that the delivery method decision is made. We recruited 18 women through obstetricians in El Paso, Texas (n = 10), and prenatal care providers in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (n = 8). We observed prenatal care visits, interviewed women prenatally and postpartum, and interviewed the El Paso obstetricians. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that birthing decisions are complex and involve multiple influences, including women's level of knowledge about birth, doctor–patient communication, and women's participation in decision making. PMID:25364879

Learning-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control to Improve Vision-based Mobile Robot Path Tracking

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

corresponding cost function to be J(u) = ( xd − x)TQx ( xd − x) + uTRu, (20) where Qx ∈ RKnx×Knx is positive semi-definite, R and u are as in (3), xd is a...sequence of desired states, xd = ( xd ,k+1, . . . , xd ,k+K), x is a sequence of predicted states, x = (xk+1, . . . ,xk+K), and K is the given prediction...vact,k−1+b, ωact,k−1+b), based ωk θk vk xd ,i−1 xd ,i xd ,i+1 xk yk Figure 5: Definition of the robot velocities, vk and ωk, and three pose variables

Dollar Summary of Prime Contract Awards by Contractor, State or Country, and Place, FY 87. Part 3. Finalco Group, Incorporated-Kennedy Electric Company.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

CO: y6)-t . I439Ct- 311 -9.I _sx3~ 9XXx ~ 3: t3 : 1911I wIl 41 l WLL wU1 .6)6WU. Ii li-I.J ... jAj .1.A.u4,J’jW O j jU. C. .J 1 .1-.1...4 -U . U to...511Wm L - 100x > .. (n OL4(AUC UI IA cc td )( I0- 4e cci5 eC 0 1- P j X3 I a . .I . -4. - 6i- -4 x 2 x . ).E x4 xx.4xx x 6LC L 0 (A I of- .. .. ~ ....43

A Graphical Test Bed for Analyzing and Reporting the Results of a Simulation Experiment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

I I WtO VI pWIf Mac 000 1 *eo I .. 0 0 I-In olu *~~~ in. I I ~ %flat us I JZ S x.4 0. rm I OOw pm - ^6 WON -14 * AA id I 001W. In o 01 04000 WH 4A VU A...qafl- *4* *AM04 N)~J- 0LAU)02m-44 ("%dco MC4 - - 20 4UWAWUU 0.4 mu P M s4. M 4. o 4m *4 PMdd * 0.4 0d ,E H 0 24 0~ 0 D2- 024I 2 * il4 *4dli*JU0W4 M Ua4

Engineering Flight Test of the Light Observation Helicopter (LOH) OH-6A Armed (XM-27E1) and Unarmed Performance and Stability and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-12-01

luV ’^^iÄted&tL [ififfiiiitfiTM’MwrfrMftiiM i ^£ i £äk£t MäMriti I MHilM! Äiiilinl mi I ’ i i ...li:r y id I re;;. lieu ^ " luv 2li). 240 220 200 ™ i B. ’ä o ISO 160 C < 140 120 5 D. o 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 H.-Lv...vJU!^ i ;J FIG’URJ- NO. 23 INLfcT PHRHOkMANCh Oil -GA <’K 6S-12<)27 SIM 0 fjHA LEVHL ■: .sOOO FT 1, F., ij

Implementation of Segment Management for a Secure Archival Storage System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

microprocessor operating systems from which the subset, SASS, was later derived (6]. In their work, two of the primary motivations were to provide a system...facility provided by segmentation. The ju~stification Is based on a design decision motivated by another goal of SASS -- reduction of bus contention among...1- I ’ E-4 P4 2-4 E-:t 1 P- W E-E-4&r,3- ’-4 :/I 64 t Ln i.. E-.’f2) V) : / x W~ E.4 E- $=I~ P4 X * U C - ~-4 :Pz=r- -C4 PS4 &2- I-.4 14~ PC: co E E

Functional Status after Blast-Plus-Impact Complex Concussive Traumatic Brain Injury in Evacuated United States Military Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

r o ps y c h o l o g ic a l T e st P e r fo r m...n = 4 1 ) p va lu e (n = 1 8 ) (n = 2 9 ) p va lu e 2 5 -f o o t w al k (s ec ) (m o to r st re n g th , b al an ce , co o rd in at io n ) 5 .2 – 2 .1...f A d u lt R ea d in g (e st im at e o f p re -i n ju ry v er b al in te ll ig en

Expert assessment of preventive measures in the zone of guaranteed voluntary resettlement.

PubMed

Ozerova, I I; Prilipko, V A; Myshkovska, A A

2013-01-01

An expert evaluation of preventive measures focused on population health maintenance in the zone of guaranteed voluntary resettlement taking into account the limitations of the provisions of certain articles of the Law of Ukraine on the clean-up of the Chornobyl disaster aftermath. The research survey was applied using a peer review method. The three-level (national, regional, district) expert workgroup was involved been employed within recovery of the Chornobyl disaster aftermath. Professional experience of minimum 10 years, corresponding profile and current position were the requirements for selection. A simple streamlining the values of paired or consistent comparison was applied on the primary empirical data. The arrangements made in recent years by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and ministries engaged in clean-up and recovery from the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident are ineffective. Costs from the Fund for the implementation of measures to clean-up the consequences of the Chornobyl disaster and social protection are reduced. There is no consensus among experts regarding some constraint of an action of certain articles of the Law of Ukraine "On the status and social protection of citizens affected by the Chornobyl disaster" on the principles of social protection and healthcare of the population living in contaminated areas. In addressing the social and health consequences of the Chornobyl disaster the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine just for a long time has passes no amendment to the legislation on the subject. At that there are several restrictions in force for a large number of articles of the existing laws that were adopted in 1991. The mentioned above exacerbates social strain and destroys the "citizen-state relationship". The extreme need has emerged in a comprehensive public review of existing laws with involvement of multidisciplinary group of experts to a "round table" to justify the draft laws. Ozerova Ju. Ju., Prylypko V. A., Myshkovska A. A

Benchmarking global land surface models in CMIP5: analysis of ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) and Budyko framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Longhui

2015-04-01

Twelve Earth System Models (ESMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated in terms of ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) and Budyko framework. Simulated values of GPP and ET from ESMs were validated against with FLUXNET measurements, and the slope of linear regression between the measurement and the model ranged from 0.24 in CanESM2 to 0.8 in GISS-E2 for GPP, and from 0.51 to 0.86 for ET. The performances of 12 ESMs in simulating ET are generally better than GPP. Compared with flux-tower-based estimates by Jung et al. [Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11), all ESMs could capture the latitudinal variations of GPP and ET, but the majority of models extremely overestimated GPP and ET, particularly around the equator. The 12 ESMs showed much larger variations in latitudinal WUE. 4 of 12 ESMs predicted global annual GPP of higher than 150 Pg C year-1, and the other 8 ESMs predicted global GPP with ±15% error of the JU11 GPP. In contrast, all EMSs predicted moderate bias for global ET. The coefficient of variation (CV) of ET (0.11) is significantly less than that of GPP (0.25). More than half of 12 ESMs generally comply with the Budyko framework but some models deviated much. Spatial analysis of error in GPP and ET indicated that model results largely differ among models at different regions. This study suggested that the estimate of ET was much better than GPP. Incorporating the convergence of WUE and the Budyko framework into ESMs as constraints in the next round of CMIP scheme is expected to decrease the uncertainties of carbon and water fluxes estimates.

The Microcode for the Control Processor of the ARO (Array Oriented Processor) Array Processor.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

oiNi .TADDR=DBASE+MODE" 4CONT ŕWAfT’ FOR MEM, MORE", MOV) ,DRO BSX "S IGN EXT, MORE" SADD D FLDSEI,(6,3),IMN TADT)R=5+ 1 JMP I NDE-’XEI) "JU> IP ’ T1...JDTV1: YIP DIVI; TDIV2: Y,’ IP DIV2; JASHII: JMP ASHI; 4 JASH2: JMP AS112; JXOR1: YIP XDRI; JXOR2: YIP XOR2; JSOB: JMP SOB; JBPL: JMP BPL; JBMI: YIP BMI;0...JBHI: JMP BHill JBLOS: J! IP BLOS; JBVC: YIP BVC; JBWS: JMP BVS; JBCC: JMP BCC; JBCS: YIP BCS; JEMT: YIP EMT; JTRAP: YIP TRAPQ; JCLR6: YIP CLR6; JCOII

2005 Tri-Service Infrastructure Systems Conference and Exhibition. Volume 10, Track 12

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-04

Schmidt Track 12 Greenup L&D Miter Gate Repair and...j uv en ile fi sh p as sa ge o n ty pi ca l d es ig n cr ite ria R ob er t B uc hh ol z H yd ra ul ic d es ig n of ju ve ni le fis h pa ss...C hi ca go se w er sy st em s E rn es to G o T R A C K 1 8 C iv il M e ch a n ic a l S e ss io n 1 8 D N ew c oa tin g pr od uc ts fo

Computer Programs for Calculating Partially Cavitating Blunt Trailing Edged Cascade Flows in Nonlinear Theory.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

I may $Vs ssauS@.. UNCLASSIFIED ’-X SINPIT CL6*41P-41 Iam Op THIS IAGr (Whom DAmOKo" UNCLASSIFIED -. j=U C%.A * CATO OIP I Thsa ,aOCett Di e Eee , 20...necessary only 6E13.6 if IFLAG = 1; SXSI(I), I =-1,6 correspond to b, c, f, A, a2 , and E . Values for SXSI(I) must be arbitrarily assumed and tried to...length ( = zc in Figure 1). 28 SXSI(I),I= 1,7 This card is necessary only 7F10.7 if IFLAG = 1; SXSI(I), I = 1, 7 correspond to b, c, f, A, o2’ a, and E . 0

Seafloor Soil Sampling and Geotechnical Parameter Determination - Handbook

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

Ko + Au(I- Ko )] (7-1) 97 I where ;v = effective overburden pressure (Section 6.1.3) K 0 = coefficient of lateral earLh pressure AU = reference pore...sin i+(6/a Vcos i su [ Ko i 0 V(7-2) a 1 + (2 A -1) sin 4 Vf 99 to oiU - ~1 where ; = overburden pressure ot depth where strength, Su, is to be...Rickivdo ANtON TfIW)I* SKO 11"will NY tIAltA. JOh I~ 11 Acwtx. CO IIRAI Ir/ IA M6I~. CA IIKOWN. RODEIRT Unoily. At. IIUILOCK 1.3 Ju4 I.AYri3X lt,! WA WM TA IIIf O~mc CA 128

Strategic Laser Communications Program. Volume 1. Proceedings of the Navy/DARPA Fourth Technical Interchange Meeting, 25-27 March 1980

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-31

Ititi cll 211-V e ilL:ý f 0r op1)t itC’AillV tIIi c k clIou ds ( i .t’ c . > 15) . ’lIt’ niodt’L,1i c1) is ) t’apab t) I dup] itat ing Hoair]>’ ;i-l tLtC...0 Ju1[PAGES W a s h in g t o n , D C 2 0 3 6 0 643 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(If dflfeoent from Controlllng Office) IS...Research Center) . . . 249 16 ’-Mercury bromide laser scaling approaches,.y JJ Ewing, C Fisher, S Moody, A Pindroh, D Quimby (Mathematical Sciences No

Prime Contract Awards of $100,000 or More by Federal Supply Classification or Service Category and Purchasing Office, FY 88. Part 1. (1005-5530).

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

C 14 ~ W-J<Q4 z . LI" No&- -4ZW WI. 42 w~u ) 0 C-J ɜZI 040 F_ ZLU of-0Coo40 omU 0 W100 0. I- ZWI .-mUZ wzW0 m 0Z .4- <w Oɜu oI-4 La.44LoxUo...0A)05L-ju00(%I*LL -4.414010*.4 34 I0 CIII .440 0E.40- - -j L3LC3CUJZ0CCC3U3U-lx).-4UC 0 W 81.8 00000000𔃺U w 4l00~2 44 4 KU. .. 1 )1-4 281 44-)84-4X

World Reference Center for Arboviruses.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-05-29

Sao Paulo State, Brazil (R. Tesh, R. Rico-Hesse, J .-P. Gonzalez, and R. Shope, In collaboration with A. Travassos da Rosa, Instituto Evandro Chagas...4 ’ 0vI 0 ~ 0 j rIc 41-4 bC-4to4A 0 ’V O ~ S C0O,1-E 0 41b . k 0- Ai00 uL U900 00.c to.0%- r "-I b OI 4J-U 0 L 0)W ý to ..-4 b .- 4b ,4)J04) W 0 > C...viral RNA (R. Shope in collaboration with M. Vodkin, G. McLaughlin, J . Day, and R. Novak, Purdue University and University of Florida). The objective

Eigengaps for Hub-Dominant Matrices

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

frame ( ETF ) if it satisfies two conditions: (i) For some nonnegative , we have jhvk, vjij¼ when 1 k5jN and (ii) PN k¼1 vkv t k ¼ Ns Id, when Id...and ETF lead to the following results. 1238 L. Shen and B.W. Suter D ow nl oa de d by [ L ix in S he n] a t 0 4: 58 0 8 Ju ly 2 01 1 13...1 of A forms an ETF , then (i) kamk 1; (ii) ¼ (m 2) þ 1, where is the constant in (23) and ¼ jhai, ajij for all 1 i5jm 1 and (iii) 1m2

Kwang Ju AB, Korea, Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO) Parts A, C - F.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

VISIBILITY AIP wATHER SERVICE/MAC � KWANGJU AB KO 68-69,73-80 OCT STATION STATION NA.. V.AN. MONVN PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE ___OCO-C2C (FROM...8217.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , II I l I l l l l ! uLL05AL CLIMATOLOGY 4RANCH S USAFETAC PSYCHROMETRIC SUMMARY A!O ’ WATHER SERVICE/MAC 43,15b

Nursing Ethics and the 21st-Century Armed Conflict: The Example of Ciudad Juárez.

PubMed

O'Connor, Kathleen

2017-01-01

The purpose of this article is to call attention to the lack of caregiver safety in conflict settings; to bring awareness to nurses and health care professionals of new challenges, specifically the deliberate targeting of health care professionals, that they may encounter in local armed conflict situations; and to address a gap in knowledge about the social and cultural factors surrounding 21st-century armed conflict that directly affect the provision of health care. I argue that these are of interest to transcultural nursing in that violent actors belong to a dangerous subculture, the understanding of which is important to transcultural nursing practice and caregiver safety. The article calls for increased focus on the protection of the nursing workforce and renewed attention on international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions that mandate the safety of global health care workers. © The Author(s) 2015.

Simulating the effect of land use and climate change on upland soil carbon stock of Wales using ECOSSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rani Nayak, Dali; Gottschalk, Pia; Evans, Chris; Smith, Pete; Smith, Jo

2010-05-01

in soil C due to the impacts of land use change were predicted to be up to 1000 times greater than the changes predicted due to climate change. This is encouraging, as it illustrates the great potential for C losses due to climate change to be mitigated by changing land use. 1. Smith P, et al 2007. SEERAD Report. ISBN 978 0 7559 1498 2. 166pp. 2. Smith JU, et al 2009. RERAD Report. In press. 3. Coleman K & Jenkinson DS 1996. In: Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models Using Existing, Long-Term Datasets, NATO ASI Series I, Vol.38 (eds Powlson DS, Smith P, Smith JU), pp. 237-246. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany. 4. Bradbury NJ, et al 1993. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121, 363-379. 5. Smith JU, et al 1996. Agronomy Journal 88, 38-42.

Optimized photonic gauge of extreme high vacuum with Petawatt lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paredes, Ángel; Novoa, David; Tommasini, Daniele; Mas, Héctor

2014-03-01

One of the latest proposed applications of ultra-intense laser pulses is their possible use to gauge extreme high vacuum by measuring the photon radiation resulting from nonlinear Thomson scattering within a vacuum tube. Here, we provide a complete analysis of the process, computing the expected rates and spectra, both for linear and circular polarizations of the laser pulses, taking into account the effect of the time envelope in a slowly varying envelope approximation. We also design a realistic experimental configuration allowing for the implementation of the idea and compute the corresponding geometric efficiencies. Finally, we develop an optimization procedure for this photonic gauge of extreme high vacuum at high repetition rate Petawatt and multi-Petawatt laser facilities, such as VEGA, JuSPARC and ELI.

National Dam Safety Program. Conklingville Dam, Inventory no. NY 146, Upper Hudson River Basin, Saratoga County, New York. Phase 1 Inspection Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-07-31

on o ti pand inlna nto- tho horizonta r ip , of thpese j6ihtj cracks ’qro vary #mpor-tant tactors whIlh, dairedt3.y r, ntrol thpe stabili.ty o2 tile...dvxolpll Vmay ~ ju~ d b wil und 1 󈧏. ~ ir to ,r ww. 1r -okc ’ard :l~ave 3-~v.t’ voz f;- IxppOrl6 oxcopl, fr~Ioton- alon the’iid4 g2 planes.~ I...8217" dnn usi~zgsbippin hiss wi~’h wil be fn~sh4 Ppr sfand oo -1), 4hd culk f L*t’s ip ±iic o.cmntr p u ~y ..-&i a- to .... ~ V V w 101 %,S. &V 6. ~A

[Sociodemographic context of homicide in Mexico City: a spatial analysis].

PubMed

Fuentes Flores, César; Sánchez Salinas, Omar

2015-12-01

Investigate the spatial distribution pattern of the homicide rate and its relation to sociodemographic features in the Benito Juárez, Coyoacán, and Cuauhtémoc districts of Mexico City in 2010. Inferential cross-sectional study that uses spatial analysis methods to study the spatial association of the homicide rate and demographic features. Spatial association was determined through the location quotient, multiple regression analysis, and the use of geographically weighted regression. Homicides show a heterogeneous location pattern with high rates in areas with non-residential land use, low population density, and low marginalization. Spatial analysis tools are powerful instruments for the design of prevention- and recreation-focused public safety policies that aim to reduce mortality from external causes such as homicides.

Military Service as a Determinant of Post-Service Earnings.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

during or after service. A Accession For NTIS rRA&I DTIC TABRE Unannounced L -A JuS tif tion-- By_ Distribution/ Avai±ability Cc*.cs lAvaiii aia/05r Dist...spcciai DD ]org 1473 _ Ir__ I _E_ _S/N *p ?lot14" 66 𔃻 UNCLASSIFIED6bag e,a~mgowaP OP ?w o gla ,, 66 ,, - i I i i l .. . . . . .. . Approved for...in this thesis. 30 IJ 41) 4.). 4.to44 4=44I v ’II(ii 134 444 1 04 ~.-4 4- >-4 03 CA rA 4.r~n -I 4-44 44 ’ ~ .f4w ZQ 0~rn w C lIt H Z 4 34 ;1 o 31 L -4

Complexes of Nitrocellulose with Cupric Chloride,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

4 Z I Vm 04 N-C-11 0soa -~~~ ii a Lid US 1 U C. U . i .ci OC S 0V- C C C 0 d i 0 41 v . 0i C u -s4 0- C .4 ~ tw aM 0i u U-JU I CU- w4 05 a.- ow US...la formation *d’un complexe et de la fraction pond&rale de CC par rapport A la NC, X , dltermin~ s au point de saturation. Le PCC est caractfristique de...59 s - 1. 3.5 Effect of X on the Rate of Complex Formation The variation of the ratio (ki/kf) with X is shown in Fig. 4 for sample 11 at C - 59 s

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities.

PubMed

West, Brooke S; Abramovitz, Daniela; Staines, Hugo; Vera, Alicia; Patterson, Thomas L; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2016-02-01

We know little about predictors of injection drug cessation and relapse among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-PWID) at the US-Mexico border. Among HIV-negative FSW-PWID taking part in a behavioral intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Cox regression was used to identify predictors of time to first cessation of injection, which was defined as reporting not having injected drugs for a period of 4 months or longer, and among that subset, we examined predictors of time to injection relapse. Among 440 women, 84 (19%) reported ceasing injection during follow-up (median time to cessation = 9.3 months); of these, 30 (35%) reported relapse to injection (median time to relapse = 3.5 months). The rate of injection cessation was lower for women reporting trading sex prior to age 18 (adj. hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.01), ever being sexually abused (adj. HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27-0.71), and a higher number of vaginal sex acts with casual clients (adj. HR = 0.99 per transaction, 95% CI = 0.98-1.00). The rate of cessation was higher for women who spent more hours on the streets on a typical day (adj. HR = 1.04/h, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08) and who lived in Tijuana vs. Ciudad Juárez (adj. HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.14-4.07). The rate of relapse was higher among women reporting regular drug use with clients (adj. HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.96-4.89) and those scoring higher on a risk injection index (adj. HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.15-3.61). The rate of relapse was lower for FSW-PWID with higher than average incomes (adj. HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.18-0.89). These findings have important implications for the scale-up of methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Mexico and indicate a need for gender-specific programs that address sexual abuse experiences and economic vulnerabilities faced by FSW-PWID.

Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2009 October thru 2010 April

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albers, Kenda; Kragh, Katherine; Monnier, Adam; Pligge, Zachary; Stolze, Kellen; West, Josh; Yim, Arnold; Ditteon, Richard

2010-10-01

Photometric data for 44 asteroids were collected over 54 nights of observing during 2009 October thru 2010 April at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory. The asteroids were: 826 Henrika, 918 Itha, 983 Gunila, 1049 Gotho, 1167 Dubiago, 1181 Lilith, 1227 Geranium, 1604 Tombaugh, 1636 Porter, 1826 Miller, 1977 Shura, 2004 Lexell, 2196 Ellicott, 2303 Retsina, 2307 Garuda, 2601 Bologna, 2609 Kiril-Metodi, 2851 Harbin, 2881 Meiden, 3118 Claytonsmith, 3324 Avsyuk, 3640 Gostin, 4207 Chernova, 4536 Drewpinsky, 4838 Billmclaughlin, 5235 Jean-Loup, 5274 Degewij, 5240 Kwasan, (6019) 1991 RO6, 6091 Mitsuru, 6961 Ashitaka, (7111) 1985 QA1, (8228) 1996 YB2, 11017 Billputnam, (13023) 1988 XT1, (14741) 2000 EQ49, 15938 Bohnenblust, 16463 Nayoro, (17633) 1996 JU, (21023) 1989 DK, 21558 Alisonliu, (21594) 1998 VP31, (34459) 2000 SC91, and (189099) 2001 RO.

A Wide-Angle Camera for the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) on Hayabusa-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitz, N.; Koncz, A.; Jaumann, R.; Hoffmann, H.; Jobs, D.; Kachlicki, J.; Michaelis, H.; Mottola, S.; Pforte, B.; Schroeder, S.; Terzer, R.; Trauthan, F.; Tschentscher, M.; Weisse, S.; Ho, T.-M.; Biele, J.; Ulamec, S.; Broll, B.; Kruselburger, A.; Perez-Prieto, L.

2014-04-01

JAXA's Hayabusa-2 mission, an asteroid sample return mission, is scheduled for launch in December 2014, for a rendezvous with the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 in 2018. MASCOT, the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout [1], is a small lander, designed to deliver ground truth for the orbiter remote measurements, support the selection of sampling sites, and provide context for the returned samples.MASCOT's main objective is to investigate the landing site's geomorphology, the internal structure, texture and composition of the regolith (dust, soil and rocks), and the thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the surface. MASCOT comprises a payload of four scientific instruments: camera, radiometer, magnetometer and hyper-spectral microscope. The camera (MASCOT CAM) was designed and built by DLR's Institute of Planetary Research, together with Airbus DS Germany.

Airport Landside. Volume II. The Airport Landside Simulation Model (ALSIM) Description and Users Guide.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

liii i i E-- .!ju a’sh " al !i 1. 5535 U, ;, , ,i l 0i I-J I I l l l l . . .... . . .. . .. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION...1Mti34S.GATZa34.SAGal?.tNTut.- ARY PLTPI~s9lO,ACaII. PAXvITI .TPAX.,I. AftRLNu9*T!M~vl1t4,GAT~u?1, SAGeS, ARRY FLT?4Ca3O,ACv74?.PAXw36S.TPAA.GO. AzIf ...tKTsl.PAX*T7. ,PA~fG. AIRLtZNuI2.TtIMEUli2I.SAGai7.0AT1522. ACmg. AMR PL’ axI2.4Tat .PAAa2Q0.TPAXsO. AlRLl~s12.TIMEnt240.IA~ al ?.GAr~o25, ACaI. ARR

Plasmaspheric, Faraday and Total Electron Contents, 1977 and 1978.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

71 -LLI 𔃿’~-7 COt UI’ 5 ’’’ -’j i S’t It -T -0...8217 iC C 𔃺 C’) 𔃿’ - ’f --- 󈧅 CA 17) i- ’CC,7 L - 0’] 𔄁 r C’) ’i r -r ’tit ck’C ju MS Q 0 up US Un CC’ C’) , X 1: U -1 I ’ ’Xi U ) C’) ’ 71 𔄁 U A ly...C ki4 Cr C. 𔄁.1 -.- - 0i Ci C’) Ut ’it 𔃿’ .7.’ C’ .CC’ L!w II~-j1 ’it -i1 ’.- W 𔃿 ’it s- t WT ’-2_ 𔃿’ T- I ’M IN~ 𔃺 C’) !’

Climatic Conditions at Air Force Bases in Australia,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

U"- C 0 - 0 4 4.M57 c 04. %OOOli~ 0C On mm 14 - 4P , cC)r )Go - 4-) 0 to to r. C)C r44 C V 0 ca.. x . . 04 1 -4 r-G 0o .4 4= 1. -40 -4 ) 4 04 Ju~0 C: 04...8217 0 C) 4.-4S- 0) to 0) N 9 0 4-4 4 4 1-4 -4 .- 4 4 -4 4 0 .4 W ) $4 .f in0A . T - :T -’ s- 4P .-4 C.) cn c 4 C- - 00 m 0 F-44 m)0J- ~ )N U) " ) enp co o...cyclones causes problems in predictfng extreme gust speeds for coastal stations north of latitude 30*S as was discussed under Extreme Rainfall. As was

DoD Industrial Security Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

0 0 - a *ju .4 C4 -0a m W4 M (𔃾S P A "-f~%~vs %n P4 M NI N ’ 0 45~~~~ 0 14 fl.-a n0 P 5 4 C4N0’ 0 - 1.4 00i~inn* so6 06 0 ’.4v- C4IS mu 4 0 C...41 (a 0ie $4- P4 V10 ka. " 4 . 10 6C 00 N0%’UPCin’A445 0 It. -.W0 0 4114 uk0 4I. 0 V 3 : 5 a0 - 4; w 00 44U *% 2 -4 0 1 W 0 g *4 0 % 0 0 4-cw9: 6q V4 0 ...a 0 .bI - 0 0

COSAGE (Concepts Analysis Agency’s Combat Sample Generator) Analysis and Design Report. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-29

CM. C4UT.TI ON 12 5..j FUNCTION m2-. WLr 12 j -1 ---VUTINE w-fA.NEPT 112 5 3 ; CUTINE CA S. =V3L 1 1 5- P JU T loE z- 4 L 0Y.L C T FR S 11 55 P;ICESS... CUTINE PLAT.COUNT 5 -7 1 1 OUT I N PROX.CHiEOK 5 * 14ROUTINE Sw IT CH FrO 5 Figu, .- Modules Ranked by Functional IF Tests Conti nued 3-30 -SCIENCE...2 ; CUTIN -" ...CR T=CT 231 ;OUTI- = Kv .Ir UT T 232 UuTIN.-- Mi 3s.I~d3UT , 2 3 Z Ru T iiM d:’ 3 N-l 2". OUT:N .44 1’ ,1 L3i R OUT INE %4 l Nk 0 (3o

Countershock: mobilizing resistance to electroshock weapons.

PubMed

Martin, Brian; Wright, Steve

2003-01-01

Electroshock, stun and restraint technologies are often used for torture and as tools of repression. There is much information available exposing the problems with such technologies, but little about how to be effective in challenging their use. The concept of political ju-jitsu--the process by which an attack on a non-violent resister can backfire on the attackers--is introduced and adapted to examine challenges to electroshock weapons. In order to make these weapons backfire, it is important to emphasize the value of potential targets, to expose secret dealings, to reveal the harm caused by the weapons and to communicate clearly to a wide audience. A longer-term goal is policy change to deny access by torturing states to such repressive tools. Countershock strategies and methodologies are introduced here as potential tools to create ever-expanding torture-technology-free zones.

Translation, adaptation and validation the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context.

PubMed

Torres, Heloísa de Carvalho; Chaves, Fernanda Figueredo; Silva, Daniel Dutra Romualdo da; Bosco, Adriana Aparecida; Gabriel, Beatriz Diniz; Reis, Ilka Afonso; Rodrigues, Júlia Santos Nunes; Pagano, Adriana Silvina

2016-08-08

to translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context. This protocol was developed by the American Diabetes Association and guides the procedure of educators for the care of children and adolescents with diabetes in schools. this methodological study was conducted in four stages: initial translation, synthesis of initial translation, back translation and content validation by an expert committee, composed of 94 specialists (29 applied linguists and 65 health professionals), for evaluation of the translated version through an online questionnaire. The concordance level of the judges was calculated based on the Content Validity Index. Data were exported into the R program for statistical analysis. the evaluation of the instrument showed good concordance between the judges of the Health and Applied Linguistics areas, with a mean content validity index of 0.9 and 0.89, respectively, and slight variability of the index between groups (difference of less than 0.01). The items in the translated version, evaluated as unsatisfactory by the judges, were reformulated based on the considerations of the professionals of each group. a Brazilian version of Diabetes Medical Management Plan was constructed, called the Plano de Manejo do Diabetes na Escola. traduzir, adaptar e validar o conteúdo do Diabetes Medical Management Plan para o contexto brasileiro, protocolo elaborado pela Associação Americana de Diabetes, que orienta a conduta dos educadores para o cuidado das crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus nas escolas. trata-se de estudo metodológico, realizado em quatro etapas: tradução inicial, síntese da tradução inicial, retrotradução e validação de conteúdo por um Comitê de Juízes, composto por 94 especialistas (29 linguistas aplicados e 65 profissionais da área da Saúde), para avaliação da versão traduzida por meio de um questionário online. O nível de concordância dos juízes foi

Diatom Assemblages on Lacustrine Sediments from the Tropical Andes, Southern Peru: Modern Analogs for Ancient Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tapia, P. M.; Vargas, J.; Beal, S. A.; Stroup, J. S.; Kelly, M. A.

2012-12-01

Diatom analysis of surface sediments from 17 high-altitude lakes (~3,100-5,000 m asl) in the Cuzco area, Peru, reveals several potential environmental settings that have been observed in biostratigraphy records from lakes in the tropical Andes. The sedimentation rates in several lakes from this area range between 1 and 1.6 mm yr-1 during the late Quaternary, thus we assume our surface samples represent conditions spanning from 6 to 10 years for the top 1cm. Physical and chemical analysis show a high variability in water depth (0.5-12.3 m), pH (7.5-9.7), temperature (4.6-16.5 °C) and conductivity (5.6-3205 μS cm -1), as well as cationic (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Mn3+, Fe3+) and anionic (F-, Cl-, Br-, SO42-) composition. Most of the lakes were oligotrophic (PO43-and NO32- below limit of detection) with the exception of nitrite. Principle Component Analysis suggests that the sites follows a strong gradient in conductivity + anions & cations (Axis 1, explaining 51.61 % of variance), and pH + water depth (Axis 2, 17.36 %). Diatoms are quite abundant (108-1010 valves g dry sed-1) in these samples, indicating oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions and fresh to brackish waters, sometimes forming almost monospecific associations. Applications of these assemblages may be found in the Lake Junin, Central Peruvian Andes. The high abundance (92%) of the pennate diatom Denticula elegans from Site PLS-9 is similar at the Junin Biozone JU-3 that covers most of the Holocene. This species prospers in shallow (1.3-m), high conductivity (3205 μS cm-1) and alkaline (pH 9.39) waters with high values in Ca, Mg and sulfate. Similarly, the dominance (95%) of the centric diatom Discotella stelligera at Site PLS-8 resemble Biozone JU-2, ~17,000 cal yr BP, with deeper (10.9 m), lower conductivity (48.8 μS cm-1) and slightly-alkaline (pH 7.82) waters, with at least 2 orders of magnitude lower in chemical parameters than Site PLS-9. These findings encourage the survey of additional modern

Prime Contract Awards Over $25,000 by Major System, Contractor and State Part 2 (AVG NAVY-SMR NAVY)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

0 oo0 C) C11 in LA -40w’ I (w -4 N’(. N wO C’-4 4 Go I I I I 5 C- LiCl I m -4 . -40 4 9. C 4,44 44to CL 0 -4 0 -4 Ei EE 0 . Ein % - ) O -Oa W> 444 Pn...3t1, U൰ 4C’J -4)C 0 ) U) 0 0 )M.-4-40-04" I4 Z 7-Ci M’ N N00 C D -4 -4I-4Z4 3:JU I )-( C13- 0 3 )000f 0 ’U) in in i "~ 0 -a < 101ui0 5 -4 O L)- 0 ...M4)u . 0 4W II*-1 4)-- .W0 L-C -4 W I CL. L 0 ) 5 CL a)

Zastosowanie oznaczeń nikotyny we włosach jako narzędzia do oceny narażenia na dym tytoniowy

PubMed Central

Koszowski, Bartosz; Czogała, Jan; Goniewicz, Maciej Łukasz; Sobczak, Andrzej; Kolasińska, Ewelina; Kośmider, Leon; Kuma, Tomasz

2009-01-01

Pierwsza praca dotycząca oznaczania nikotyny we włosach została opublikowana w 1983 roku przez Ishiyama i wsp. Od czasu tych pionierskich badań minęło już ponad 25 lat, a badanie zawartości nikotyny we włosach stało się cennym narzędziem służącym ocenie narażenia na liczne ksenobiotyki, w tym na dym tytoniowy. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą zwięzłego przeglądu najważniejszych badań ostatnich lat, które wykorzystywały nikotynę we włosach jako biomarker. W artykule opisano także stosowane do oznaczeń nikotyny we włosach techniki laboratoryjne oraz przedstawiono wady i zalety włosów jako biomarkera narażenia na dym tytoniowy. PMID:19189581

Further investigation of g factors for the lead monofluoride ground state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V.; Mawhorter, R. J.; Baum, A. L.; Sears, T. J.; Grabow, J.-U.

2015-09-01

We report the results of our theoretical study and analysis of earlier experimental data for the g -factor tensor components of the ground 2Π1 /2 state of the free PbF radical. The values were obtained both within the relativistic coupled-cluster method combined with the generalized relativistic effective core potential approach and with our fit of the experimental data from [R. J. Mawhorter, B. S. Murphy, A. L. Baum, T. J. Sears, T. Yang, P. M. Rupasinghe, C. P. McRaven, N. E. Shafer-Ray, L. D. Alphei, and J.-U. Grabow, Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.022508; A. L. Baum, B.A. thesis, Pomona College, 2011]. The obtained results agree very well with each other but contradict the previous fit performed in the cited works. Our final prediction for g factors is G∥=0.081 (5 ) ,G⊥=-0.27 (1 ) .

Prime Contract Awards of $100,000 or More by Federal Supply Classification or Service Category and Purchasing Office, FY 88. Part 2. (5610-9999).

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

EL ..UCw.4< eca t I =- l- E L 3-.C CMUM-4 ɜ -C L) a- = 4z 1 4 4I > M40) .L 4 4 W-4"- M= 0 0 4) OEZ2ZZ MZ U 4)-II & 0 Z 00...8217 000 Mm << -JfCL4 I.- EL i W.--WL0 041 zz - IL ~ ~ ~ ~ WO U W L- CLJf~nnnJ0hU .. 4442 1 o~ ~ fa inn 00. I-0JU t.- m M 0.~. Z.cac co .OLLI-CI o~~ um... El LWWUCLO WOZ30 >0X.4c3 040.UW£0WZ 1-1-Z0. 0 £0-i.- 004 000U.004I00 " m Z>l-I->00wed ~wo xaZ04ZO £0 01-44�£003wm< C.WIJ < >44444444 OIOZW X

Organic Synthetic Advanced Materials for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications (at Center for Condensed Matter Sciences)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yen, Hung-Ju

These slides cover Hung-Ju Yen's recent work in the synthesis and structural design of functional materials, which were further used for optoelectronic and energy applications, such as lithium ion battery, solar cell, LED, electrochromic, and fuel cells. This was for a job interview at Center for Condensed Matter Sciences. The following topics are detailed: current challenges for lithium-ion batteries; graphene, graphene oxide and nanographene; nanographenes with various functional groups; fine tune d-spacing through organic synthesis: varying functional group; schematic view of LIBs; nanographenes as LIB anode; rate performance (charging-discharging); electrochromic technology; electrochromic materials; advantages of triphenylamine; requirement of electrochromic materialsmore » for practical applications; low driving voltage and long cycle life; increasing the electroactive sites by multi-step synthetic procedures; synthetic route to starburst triarylamine-based polyamide; electrochromism ranging from visible to NIR region; transmissive to black electrochromism; RGB and CMY electrochromism.« less

Organic Synthetic Advanced Materials for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications (at National Taipei University of Technology)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yen, Hung-Ju

These slides cover Hung-Ju Yen's recent work in the synthesis and structural design of functional materials, which were further used for optoelectronic and energy applications, such as lithium ion battery, solar cell, LED, electrochromic, and fuel cells. This was for a job interview at National Taipei University of Technology. The following topics are detailed: current challenges for lithium-ion batteries; graphene, graphene oxide and nanographene; nanographenes with various functional groups; fine tune d-spacing through organic synthesis: varying functional group; schematic view of LIBs; nanographenes as LIB anode; rate performance (charging-discharging); electrochromic technology; electrochromic materials; advantages of triphenylamine; requirement of electrochromic materialsmore » for practical applications; low driving voltage and long cycle life; increasing the electroactive sites by multi-step synthetic procedures; synthetic route to starburst triarylamine-based polyamide; electrochromism ranging from visible to NIR region; transmissive to black electrochromism; RGB and CMY electrochromism.« less

Organic Synthetic Advanced Materials for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications (at National Sun Yat-sen University) 

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yen, Hung-Ju

These slides cover Hung-Ju Yen's recent work in the synthesis and structural design of functional materials, which were further used for optoelectronic and energy applications, such as lithium ion battery, solar cell, LED, electrochromic, and fuel cells. This was for a job interview at National Sun Yat-sen University. The following topics are detailed: current challenges for lithium-ion batteries; graphene, graphene oxide and nanographene; nanographenes with various functional groups; fine tune d-spacing through organic synthesis: varying functional group; schematic view of LIBs; nanographenes as LIB anode; rate performance (charging-discharging); electrochromic technology; electrochromic materials; advantages of triphenylamine; requirement of electrochromic materials formore » practical applications; low driving voltage and long cycle life; increasing the electroactive sites by multi-step synthetic procedures; synthetic route to starburst triarylamine-based polyamide; electrochromism ranging from visible to NIR region; transmissive to black electrochromism; RGB and CMY electrochromism.« less

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, By State or Country, and Place, FY 84. Part 9. (Potomac Edison Company - Southern Alcohol Fuels, Inc).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

NO0O00 CD (o- V NOOOOOOOOON- No if)0 NY- 11) tD VNC O 0 ’ n’m - - -NrN VO0 K) 0 -0-- C) - m)- 00 1 - (D NO 0 - fC.) q.0000-N 0- 0 -000000000ow 00 00 0...C’) < <’ C’) 0 0M0 0 -N’q7- n7 - 0) 0 0o t (D 0 N 0 0 N. < 0_.00 ()1OOOC) 0(D0 20 -10 -Ui) 2j- a20 2(0( tD jU) -1 7 210 21)IN CL< . C ( 0.0 D00 <- N...N Nq NDI) 07 ( I C 0---- 0 0- if -C)- -) if - tD - 0 N ~ CD 0 0 0 0 CI) Nl M) 0) .0 C) 0) V) C).- V. - 0).- Ur) -- 0 - q- (D- ------------ 0) - 9(0 (D0

Hayabusa2 Sampler: Collection of Asteroidal Surface Material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawada, Hirotaka; Okazaki, Ryuji; Tachibana, Shogo; Sakamoto, Kanako; Takano, Yoshinori; Okamoto, Chisato; Yano, Hajime; Miura, Yayoi; Abe, Masanao; Hasegawa, Sunao; Noguchi, Takaaki

2017-07-01

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the asteroid exploration probe "Hayabusa2" in December 3rd, 2014, following the 1st Hayabusa mission. With technological and scientific improvements from the Hayabusa probe, we plan to visit the C-type asteroid 162137 Ryugu (1999 JU3), and to sample surface materials of the C-type asteroid that is likely to be different from the S-type asteroid Itokawa and contain more pristine materials, including organic matter and/or hydrated minerals, than S-type asteroids. We developed the Hayabusa2 sampler to collect a minimum of 100 mg of surface samples including several mm-sized particles at three surface locations without any severe terrestrial contamination. The basic configuration of the sampler design is mainly as same as the 1st Hayabusa (Yano et al. in Science, 312(5778):1350-1353, 2006), with several minor but important modifications based on lessons learned from the Hayabusa to fulfill the scientific requirements and to raise the scientific value of the returned samples.

The influence of having children on HIV-related risk behaviors of female sex workers and their intimate male partners in two Mexico–US border cities

PubMed Central

Rolon, Maria Luisa; Syvertsen, Jennifer L.; Robertson, Angela M.; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Martinez, Gustavo; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Servin, Argentina

2013-01-01

Among female sex workers who use drugs, the experience of having children and its effect on HIV risk behaviors remains underexplored. We draw from a study of 214 female sex workers and their intimate non-commercial partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, México (n = 428), approximately 30% of whom have children living with them. During qualitative interviews with 41 of these couples, having children emerged as an important topic. Children influenced partners’ lives and HIV-related risk behaviors in positive and negative ways. Couples perceived that children strengthened their relationships. Concern for children’s well-being motivated couples to contemplate healthier lifestyle changes. However, childrearing costs motivated sex work and structural constraints prevented couples from enacting lifestyle changes. Case studies illustrate these themes and highlight implications for couple- and family-based harm reduction interventions. Specifically, our results suggest a need for economic alternatives to sex work while working with families to develop risk reduction skills. PMID:23418131

Frequent somatic transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome of human cancer cells.

PubMed

Ju, Young Seok; Tubio, Jose M C; Mifsud, William; Fu, Beiyuan; Davies, Helen R; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Li, Yilong; Yates, Lucy; Gundem, Gunes; Tarpey, Patrick S; Behjati, Sam; Papaemmanuil, Elli; Martin, Sancha; Fullam, Anthony; Gerstung, Moritz; Nangalia, Jyoti; Green, Anthony R; Caldas, Carlos; Borg, Åke; Tutt, Andrew; Lee, Ming Ta Michael; van't Veer, Laura J; Tan, Benita K T; Aparicio, Samuel; Span, Paul N; Martens, John W M; Knappskog, Stian; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Eyfjörd, Jórunn Erla; Myklebost, Ola; Flanagan, Adrienne M; Foster, Christopher; Neal, David E; Cooper, Colin; Eeles, Rosalind; Bova, Steven G; Lakhani, Sunil R; Desmedt, Christine; Thomas, Gilles; Richardson, Andrea L; Purdie, Colin A; Thompson, Alastair M; McDermott, Ultan; Yang, Fengtang; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Campbell, Peter J; Stratton, Michael R

2015-06-01

Mitochondrial genomes are separated from the nuclear genome for most of the cell cycle by the nuclear double membrane, intervening cytoplasm, and the mitochondrial double membrane. Despite these physical barriers, we show that somatically acquired mitochondrial-nuclear genome fusion sequences are present in cancer cells. Most occur in conjunction with intranuclear genomic rearrangements, and the features of the fusion fragments indicate that nonhomologous end joining and/or replication-dependent DNA double-strand break repair are the dominant mechanisms involved. Remarkably, mitochondrial-nuclear genome fusions occur at a similar rate per base pair of DNA as interchromosomal nuclear rearrangements, indicating the presence of a high frequency of contact between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in some somatic cells. Transmission of mitochondrial DNA to the nuclear genome occurs in neoplastically transformed cells, but we do not exclude the possibility that some mitochondrial-nuclear DNA fusions observed in cancer occurred years earlier in normal somatic cells. © 2015 Ju et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Lateral jet injection into typical combustor flowfields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lilley, D. G.

1986-01-01

The experimental problem of lateral jet injection into typical flow fields in the absence of combustion was studied. All flow fields being investigated have no expansion of the crossflow (the test section to swirler diameter ratio D/d = 1), after its passage through an optional swirler (with swirl vane angle phi = 0 (swirler removed), 45, and 70 degree). The lateral jet(s) is(are) located one test-section diameter downstream of the test-section inlet (x/D = 1). The lateral jets have round-sectioned nozzles, each of which has an area of 1/100th of the cross sectional area of the crossflow (A sub j/A sub c = 1/100). Jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios of R = v sub j/u sub o = 2, 4, and 6 were investigated. Helium-bubble low visualization, five-hole pitot probe time-mean velocity measurements, and single-wire time-mean velocity and normal and shear stress turbulence data were obtained in the research program.

Further investigation of g factors for the lead monofluoride ground state

DOE PAGES

Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V.; ...

2015-09-15

We report the results of our theoretical study and analysis of earlier experimental data for the g-factor tensor components of the ground 2II 1/2 state of the free PbF radical. These values obtained both within the relativistic coupled-cluster method combined with the generalized relativistic effective core potential approach and with our fit of the experimental data from [R. J. Mawhorter, B. S. Murphy, A. L. Baum, T. J. Sears, T. Yang, P. M. Rupasinghe, C. P. McRaven, N. E. Shafer-Ray, L. D. Alphei, and J.-U. Grabow, Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011); A. L. Baum, B.A. thesis, Pomona College, 2011].more » The obtained results agree very well with each other but contradict the previous fit performed in the cited works. Our final prediction for g factors is G ∥=0.081(5),G ⊥=–0.27(1).« less

Drinking water intake and source patterns within a US-Mexico border population.

PubMed

Regnier, Adam; Gurian, Patrick; Mena, Kristina D

2015-01-01

This study was undertaken to identify water intake and source patterns among a population that resides in a hot, arid region on the US-Mexico border. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted among households in the neighbouring cities of El Paso, TX, USA and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico to obtain data on the quantity and source of water consumed. The study was also designed to identify factors that impact water consumption patterns, including gender, demographics, socio-economic status, cultural characteristics, health status, types of occupations and residences, available water sources and outdoor temperature, among many others. Of all factors studied, outdoor air temperature was found to have the strongest impact upon water intake quantity. Specifically, among the survey participants, when the outdoor air temperature exceeded 90 °F, water consumption increased by 28 %. Additionally, it was found that participants in this region consumed approximately 50 % more water than the values reported in previous studies.

Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for FY 1991 Submitted to Congress January 1990. Operation and Maintenance, Army Justification Book. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

8217 - ’"I Si _ Cr ~J-1 IL tJ -4; 4* V -) a- Nii :1-1 N - *~- ~ - - Flh 31 - ’,- I - , - 241 m -18 ’TNJN V _, ZA- E -t 4 3R 2 u : aF - - *>- -- Lj 0 00...0J~ . -4 4. C C rn~ 00. m * a ) ca Z4 :) af -4 4j Z. Ci o a) rn C.) to ~L C"W.o ) ) u) /3 0 MJ 0 r_4-4- 4-j go u 0 a0 W >to-44L-Ui 4-CJ J4 4J u) u~ E...t J m w-0~ w ~ 0 Z z~ 0 to u wm D m. -X 00’> Q) -~ U cn .- 1~. - 0 Uf.- 0> u0 -j t >C - cn uu 4z vC*-4J mu4- w v Ř-J W~c w w w wCCu ’ Af ~-a ju 0 0 z

Love, Trust, and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Male Partners.

PubMed

Syvertsen, Jennifer L; Bazzi, Angela Robertson; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M Gudelia; Ulibarri, Monica D; Fergus, Kirkpatrick B; Amaro, Hortensia; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2015-08-01

We examined correlates of love and trust among female sex workers and their noncommercial male partners along the Mexico-US border. From 2011 to 2012, 322 partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, completed assessments of love and trust. Cross-sectional dyadic regression analyses identified associations of relationship characteristics and HIV risk behaviors with love and trust. Within 161 couples, love and trust scores were moderately high (median 70/95 and 29/40 points, respectively) and correlated with relationship satisfaction. In regression analyses of HIV risk factors, men and women who used methamphetamine reported lower love scores, whereas women who used heroin reported slightly higher love. In an alternate model, men with concurrent sexual partners had lower love scores. For both partners, relationship conflict was associated with lower trust. Love and trust are associated with relationship quality, sexual risk, and drug use patterns that shape intimate partners' HIV risk. HIV interventions should consider the emotional quality of sex workers' intimate relationships.

The influence of having children on HIV-related risk behaviors of female sex workers and their intimate male partners in two Mexico-US border cities.

PubMed

Rolon, Maria Luisa; Syvertsen, Jennifer L; Robertson, Angela M; Rangel, M Gudelia; Martinez, Gustavo; Ulibarri, Monica D; Servin, Argentina; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2013-06-01

Among female sex workers who use drugs, the experience of having children and its effect on HIV risk behaviors remains underexplored. We draw from a study of 214 female sex workers and their intimate non-commercial partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, México (n = 428), approximately 30% of whom have children living with them. During qualitative interviews with 41 of these couples, having children emerged as an important topic. Children influenced partners' lives and HIV-related risk behaviors in positive and negative ways. Couples perceived that children strengthened their relationships. Concern for children's well-being motivated couples to contemplate healthier lifestyle changes. However, childrearing costs motivated sex work and structural constraints prevented couples from enacting lifestyle changes. Case studies illustrate these themes and highlight implications for couple- and family-based harm reduction interventions. Specifically, our results suggest a need for economic alternatives to sex work while working with families to develop risk reduction skills.

Effect of Wind Speed and Relative Humidity on Atmospheric Dust Concentrations in Semi-Arid Climates

PubMed Central

Csavina, Janae; Field, Jason; Félix, Omar; Corral-Avitia, Alba Y.; Sáez, A. Eduardo; Betterton, Eric A.

2014-01-01

Atmospheric particulate have deleterious impacts on human health. Predicting dust and aerosol emission and transport would be helpful to reduce harmful impacts but, despite numerous studies, prediction of dust events and contaminant transport in dust remains challenging. In this work, we show that relative humidity and wind speed are both determinants in atmospheric dust concentration. Observations of atmospheric dust concentrations in Green Valley, AZ, USA, and Juárez, Chihuahua, México, show that PM10 concentrations are not directly correlated with wind speed or relative humidity separately. However, selecting the data for high wind speeds (> 4 m/s at 10 m elevation), a definite trend is observed between dust concentration and relative humidity: dust concentration increases with relative humidity, reaching a maximum around 25% and it subsequently decreases with relative humidity. Models for dust storm forecasting may be improved by utilizing atmospheric humidity and wind speed as main drivers for dust generation and transport. PMID:24769193

Parametric Dependence of Initial LEV Behavior on Maneuvering Wings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berdon, Randall; Wabick, Kevin; Buchholz, James; Johnson, Kyle; Thurow, Brian; University of Iowa Team; Auburn University Team

2017-11-01

A maneuvering rectangular wing of aspect ratio 2 is examined experimentally using dye visualization and PIV to characterize the initial development of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) during a rolling maneuver in a uniform free stream. Understanding the underlying physics during the early evolution of the vortex is important for developing strategies to manipulate vortex evolution. Varying the dimensionless radius of gyration of the wing (Rg/c, where Rg is the radius of gyration and c is the chord) and the advance ratio (J=U/ ΩRg, where U is the free-stream velocity and Ω is the roll rate) affects the structure of the vortex and its propensity to remain attached. The influence of these parameters will be discussed, toward identification of similarity parameters governing vortex development. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant Number FA9550-16-1-0107, Dr. Douglas Smith, program manager).

Parametric Engineering System Definition Model. Volume II. Appendix C. FORTRAN Listings

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

x ý_ .V L , x 0w X: U Aw a U= U2 LL (A9 > cAL .D- 3: w.. = L I- ;< c Q 4 -- uj- 2: UZLL - ccZ4 .W - U. C ~ U- FLJ LLt- CLL>JuU. j Z Xf jZ x V- *O L...ý - P- u Z.." - S.. = 2- U :- - - - LUý zz w z c IN.U 4( 4 U.-JC uI. 0 > u .C Cj ’t a. u c , L0> V)QV)e in G.t O~ .0 P- ct tD ~ *-cMc" -t m C c...7 0 7; n, C-1600 z c t= orw > w I Z z z. z Z tn - w 1 t CU Z ": < - z -a>- C- LL Z = z - , - a I-. LU * C-161 0X w -U. c td , Ln U-lU_ U. LL.- Wj~ W z

[15 years insurance statistics of incidents and accident types of combat sports injuries of the Rhineland-Pfalz Federal Sports Club].

PubMed

Raschka, C; Parzeller, M; Banzer, W

1999-03-01

The primary intention of this study is the grouping of sports accidents, being described by the athletes in their own words in a classification system of specific accident classes with regard to specific motions and topography. The investigation is based on the data of the sports insurance Gerling-Konzern during a 15-year period in Rhineland Palatinate (1981-1995). The study is based on the insurance documents and clinical protocols if available. 137 accident protocols were related to this 15-year period including weight lifting (n = 1) and martial arts (n = 136). Listed in hierarchical order we received the following results: judo (n = 47), karate (n = 44), wrestling (n = 22), taekwondo (n = 9), boxing (n = 7), ju-jutsu (n = 5), fencing (n = 1) and aikido (n = 1). In accordance to accident types there were no sex related differences. As special preventive measures we suggest the use of protective mouthguards and solid glasses, proprioceptive training and physiological taping for knee, ankle and elbow joints.

Incompressible limit of the degenerate quantum compressible Navier-Stokes equations with general initial data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwon, Young-Sam; Li, Fucai

2018-03-01

In this paper we study the incompressible limit of the degenerate quantum compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a periodic domain T3 and the whole space R3 with general initial data. In the periodic case, by applying the refined relative entropy method and carrying out the detailed analysis on the oscillations of velocity, we prove rigorously that the gradient part of the weak solutions (velocity) of the degenerate quantum compressible Navier-Stokes equations converge to the strong solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our results improve considerably the ones obtained by Yang, Ju and Yang [25] where only the well-prepared initial data case is considered. While for the whole space case, thanks to the Strichartz's estimates of linear wave equations, we can obtain the convergence of the weak solutions of the degenerate quantum compressible Navier-Stokes equations to the strong solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes/Euler equations with a linear damping term. Moreover, the convergence rates are also given.

A Statistical Method for One-to Three-Day Tropical Cyclone Track Prediction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

J WUUlcto j( .) U .3m I Ma5 52 0 .0o3 30005 37 0.064 3010 71. 0.052 3oo005 6 0.073 300 80 0.132 0010 75 0.055 30010 75 0O.0S) O05 37 O.OU 3005 65 0...IM’ weS (k.31 L 8 0M7M9 3 U-0 -2fl79 lug5 n ~q 1-f tr KV ?-i....P z-l t R Prv:, Etaor Fv IPeltr lV 0.167 40.2 L0 0.2% 3205 0.237 30005 65 0.25 JU5,05...0058’ 3O00 61 0.0 30010 61 O.oL6 30005 65 0.02 5 321.05 56 0.3 30007 61 0.054 t 0005 65 0.00. 1005 66 0.0107 10010 0 0.061’, 06 32ro0550 0.028 3O0 6O1

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Sexual Violence Among Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs on the United States–Mexico Border

PubMed Central

McDougal, Lotus; Strathdee, Steffanie A.; Rangel, Gudelia; Martinez, Gustavo; Vera, Alicia; Sirotin, Nicole; Stockman, Jamila K.; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Raj, Anita

2014-01-01

This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7, p = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (aOR = 1.1 per 30 clients, p = 0.04), history of abortion (aOR = 3.7, p < .001), and higher number of pregnancies (aOR = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, p < .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence. PMID:23862312

Histopathologic characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients: a 10-year experience at the Hospital Juárez of Mexico.

PubMed

Martínez-Galindo, M G; Zamarripa-Dorsey, F; Carmona-Castañeda, A; Angeles-Labra, A; Peñavera-Hernández, R; Ugarte-Briones, C; Blanco-Vela, C I

2015-01-01

Gastric cancer is the second cause of death by cancer worldwide. Histologic classification may predict tumor biology, clinical behavior, and outcome. According to the Lauren classification, the disease is divided into 2 types, diffuse and intestinal, and the latter has a better prognosis. To determine the frequency of gastric adenocarcinoma and compare the histopathologic characteristics of intestinal and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients treated at a tertiary referral hospital. A retrospective study evaluated the pathology reports of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma corresponding to the time frame of January 2003 to December 2012. Adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia were excluded. Frequencies were expressed as percentages and the categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at a P<.05. A total of 417 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were found, 230 (55.2%) of which were diffuse-type and 118 (28.2%) were intestinal-type. The mean age of the patients with diffuse type gastric cancer was 54.02±14.93 and 119 (51.3%) of those patients were men. The mean age of the patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer was 63.43±13.78, and 69 (62.2%) were men. Ninety-two of the diffuse-type patients were under the age of 50 years, compared with 22 of the patients with intestinal-type carcinoma. This is the first study on the Mexican population to analyze the differences in the histologic types of adenocarcinoma. Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma was the most frequent subtype in our study population and it is associated with worse outcome. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Spatial environmental risk factors for pedestrian injury collisions in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (2008-2009): implications for urban planning.

PubMed

Fuentes, Cesar Mario; Hernandez, Vladimir

2013-01-01

The aim of this study is to examine the spatial distribution of pedestrian injury collisions and analyse the environmental (social and physical) risk factors in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. More specifically, this study investigates the influence of land use, density, traffic and socio-economic characteristics. This cross sectional study is based on pedestrian injury collision data that were collected by the Municipal Transit Police during 2008-2009. This research presents an analysis of vehicle-pedestrian collisions and their spatial risk determinants using mixed methods that included (1) spatial/geographical information systems (GIS) analysis of pedestrian collision data and (2) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to explain the density of pedestrian collisions data. In our model, we found a higher probability for pedestrian collisions in census tracts with population and employment density, large concentration of commercial/retail land uses and older people (65 and more). Interventions to alleviate this situation including transportation planning such as decentralisation of municipal transport system, investment in road infrastructure - density of traffic lights, pedestrian crossing, road design, improves lane demarcation. Besides, land use planning interventions should be implemented in commercial/retail areas, in particular separating pedestrian and vehicular spaces.

Charging of the Electric Vehicles in Private Sector: Technical and Economic Aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grackova, L.; Oleinikova, I.; Klavs, G.

2014-12-01

The economic aspect considered in the work is related to the charging of an electric vehicle (EV) at a single private house when this is done every day. To perform the relevant cost estimation it was necessary to determine: the average annual electricity consumption under the condition of everyday charging an EV and the average electricity consumption off the mains for covering a distance of 100 km by an EV and the time in hours for its charging. Comparison is made for the day-time intervals from which it is possible to choose the preferable for proper loading the electric line and the most beneficial for the consumer. Under analysis are two EV connection scenarios for 100 individual households from which 10%, 20% and 30% have EVs, with 8-h duration of each charging at the current of 13A. The authors consider the consumption and electric energy payment packages which - with planned opening of the electric energy market on January 1, 2015 - will offer the clients the enterprises rendering services on the electric energy sale. Šajā rakstā tiek analizēts vidējais diennakts elektroenerģijas patēriņš un diennakts slodzes grafiki privātmājās apstākļos, kad privātmājas īpašnieki lādē elektroautomobili katru dienu vidējam brauciena attālumam 100 km. Elektroautomobiļa uzlādes režīmi tiek analizēti, ņemot vērā patēriņa elektriskās slodzes grafika kvalitāti raksturojošos rādītājus un patērētāja ekonomiskos ieguvumus. Lai novērtētu ekonomiski stimulētu patērētāju elektroautomobiļa uzlādes laika izvēles ietekmi uz diennakts elektriskās slodzes aizpildījuma koeficientu, tika izveidoti un analizēti 2 scenāriji, kas apraksta 100 privātmāju ar dažādu elektroautomobiļu piederības īpatsvaru divas atšķirīgas automobiļu uzlādes gadījumus.

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place, Fiscal Year 1987. Part 19. United Ameritec Corporation-Waste Management, Incorporated.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

MCovvvvvv- 01 00 z0 464 I1 Ip --I-I-- - W r- W I-. 148 on JU 01in M M00()MM M O CIC’)0 64 C’I~t W t "at t I. V 1..0 1.1.0 Ia.0 u. 0 Wa000000000...q -4 M wOD..i~v .. ~y.~~ ’.p oo ao a) -0p 0 C" I I M n ID" "Im0mfn -0 m3 C4 M w (X) (0 to 430004 03CN U S I N I9 I--- -C 203o IP -. 43(000’ in3 ini...4 4 4 4 4 00 I 00 -4 N 0 0C) 4 fl ininr -40 0 -4"D 40 so0C.4 00 000 CCtN(4 0 -I 00 P- 0 0 44M C4 Nco Oc) IP -4 a*0 M’ r- r) 0 v " 0 -4 40 0-40U0 M4 NN

H2O Nucleation Around Noble Metal Cations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calaminici, Patrizia; Oropeza Alfaro, Pavel; Juarez Flores, Martin; Köster, Andreas; Beltran, Marcela; Ulises Reveles, J.; Khanna, Shiv N.

2008-03-01

First principle electronic structure calculations have been carried out to investigate the ground state geometry, electronic structure and binding energy of noble metal cations (H2O)n^+ clusters containing up to 10 H2O molecules. The calculations are performed with the density functional theory code deMon2k [1]. Due to the very flat potential energy surface of these systems special care to the numerical stability of energy and gradient calculation must be taken.Comparison of the results obtained with Cu^+, Ag^+ and Au^+ will be shown. This investigation provides insight into the structural arrangement of the water molecules around these metals and a microscopic understanding of the observed incremental binding energy in the case of the gold cation based on collision induced dissociation experiments. [1] A.M. Köster, P. Calaminici, M.E. Casida, R. Flores-Moreno, G. Geudtner, A. Goursot, T. Heine, A. Ipatov, F. Janetzko, J. Martin del Campo, S. Patchkovski, J.U. Reveles, A. Vela and D.R. Salahub, deMon2k, The deMon Developers, Cinvestav, 2006

Structural determinants of client perpetrated violence among female sex workers in two Mexican-U.S. border cities

PubMed Central

Conners, Erin E.; Silverman, Jay G.; Ulibarri, Monica; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Strathdee, Steffanie A.; Staines-Orozco, Hugo; Patterson, Thomas L.; Brouwer, Kimberly C.

2015-01-01

Female sex workers (FSW) are disproportionately affected by both HIV and gender-based violence, such as that perpetrated by clients (CPV). We used a structural determinants framework to assess correlates of physical or sexual CPV in the past 6 months among FSW in the Mexico/U.S. border cities of Ciudad Juárez and Tijuana. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified individual, client, interpersonal, work environment and macrostructural factors associated with recent CPV. Among 496 FSW, 5% experienced recent CPV. Witnessing violence towards other FSW in one's neighborhood (aOR:5.6, 95% CI:1.8-17.2), having a majority of foreign (aOR:3.5, 95% CI:1.4-8.4) or substance using (aOR:4.0, 95% CI:1.5-10.4) clients, and being a street worker (aOR:3.0, 95% CI:1.1-7.7) were independently associated with recent CPV. Our findings underscore the vulnerability of FSWs and the need to design policies and interventions addressing macro-level influences on CPV rather than exclusively targeting individual behaviors. PMID:26111732

Summary of Meteorological Observations, Surface (SMOS) for Diego Garcia

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

01 ,L A L c acca , 0O𔃺 0O 0: 1- U 0I 0IDJ - cc C aj Go w Go )co 000) Goaaa a0 7 ,0, 0101 a,01 0 ’C a W I u ( 011 -.) U 0 mN 010 0 n00mmwonr -ma w...0 0 f𔃺 0 0’ al z I - -. 3 -:)~.~30 . f3 333 3 U.5 . a:-- - P t0 OP-fJU)L -C )0 I 7 ar r- OD’)’J. CID-0 C’~ 0~ OOO 00’I DC)C o c 4 0 O O O ’ Q- I tu...rnu0 - U. CZ. - 00 00 0 3 t0 tr- OD00 C3N rZ303 M A0 ’ O 0 0’ 0 C,0 ,0 ’A/ U.1 D I 3’ ’r10 0 0 0 O O ,n 0 1-U.iU DA 0- f G D0 0 r- GO010 rNl U f3 ~ .3

Families of periodic orbits in Hill's problem with solar radiation pressure: application to Hayabusa 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giancotti, Marco; Campagnola, Stefano; Tsuda, Yuichi; Kawaguchi, Jun'ichiro

2014-11-01

This work studies periodic solutions applicable, as an extended phase, to the JAXA asteroid rendezvous mission Hayabusa 2 when it is close to target asteroid 1999 JU3. The motion of a spacecraft close to a small asteroid can be approximated with the equations of Hill's problem modified to account for the strong solar radiation pressure. The identification of families of periodic solutions in such systems is just starting and the field is largely unexplored. We find several periodic orbits using a grid search, then apply numerical continuation and bifurcation theory to a subset of these to explore the changes in the orbit families when the orbital energy is varied. This analysis gives information on their stability and bifurcations. We then compare the various families on the basis of the restrictions and requirements of the specific mission considered, such as the pointing of the solar panels and instruments. We also use information about their resilience against parameter errors and their ground tracks to identify one particularly promising type of solution.

Experiments on opposed lateral jets injected into swirling crossflow. M.S. Thesis Final Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmurry, C. B.; Lilley, D. G.

1986-01-01

Experiments have been conducted to obtain the time-mean and turbulent quantities of opposed lateral jets in a low speed, nonreacting flowfield. A jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of R = v sub J/u sub 0 = 4 was used throughout the experiments, with swirl vane angles of d = 0 (swirler removed), 45 and 70 deg used with the crossflow. Flow visualization techniques used were neutrally-buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles and multispark photography in order to obtain the gross flowfield characteristics. Measurements of time-mean and turbulent quantities were obtained utilizing a six-orientation single hot-wire technique. For the nonswirling case, the jets were found not to penetrate past the test-section centerline, in contrast to the single lateral jet with the same jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. In the swirling cases, the crossflow remains in a narrow region near the wall of the test section. The opposed jets are swept from their vertical courses into spiral trajectories close to the confining walls. Extensive results are presented in r-x plane plots.

Love, Trust, and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Male Partners

PubMed Central

Bazzi, Angela Robertson; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Fergus, Kirkpatrick B.; Amaro, Hortensia; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2015-01-01

Objectives. We examined correlates of love and trust among female sex workers and their noncommercial male partners along the Mexico–US border. Methods. From 2011 to 2012, 322 partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, completed assessments of love and trust. Cross-sectional dyadic regression analyses identified associations of relationship characteristics and HIV risk behaviors with love and trust. Results. Within 161 couples, love and trust scores were moderately high (median 70/95 and 29/40 points, respectively) and correlated with relationship satisfaction. In regression analyses of HIV risk factors, men and women who used methamphetamine reported lower love scores, whereas women who used heroin reported slightly higher love. In an alternate model, men with concurrent sexual partners had lower love scores. For both partners, relationship conflict was associated with lower trust. Conclusions. Love and trust are associated with relationship quality, sexual risk, and drug use patterns that shape intimate partners’ HIV risk. HIV interventions should consider the emotional quality of sex workers’ intimate relationships. PMID:26066947

Intermittency via moments and distributions in central O+Cu collisions at 14. 6 A[center dot]GeV/c

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tannenbaum, M.J.

Fluctuations in pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from central (ZCAL) collisions of [sup 16]O+Cu at 14.6 A[center dot]GeV/c have been analyzed by Ju Kang using the method of scaled factorial moments as a function of the interval [delta][eta] an apparent power-law growth of moments with decreasing interval is observed down to [delta][eta] [approximately] 0.1, and the measured slope parameters are found to obey two scaling rules. Previous experience with E[sub T] distributions suggested that fluctuations of multiplicity and transverse energy can be well described by Gamma or Negative Binomial Distributions (NBD) and excellent fits to NBD were obtained in allmore » [delta][eta] bins. The k parameter of the NBD fit was found to increase linearly with the [delta][eta] interval, which due to the well known property of the NBD under convolution, indicates that the multiplicity distributions in adjacent bins of pseudorapidity [delta][eta] [approximately] 0.1 are largely statistically independent.« less

Intermittency via moments and distributions in central O+Cu collisions at 14.6 A{center_dot}GeV/c

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tannenbaum, M.J.; The E802 Collaboration

Fluctuations in pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from central (ZCAL) collisions of {sup 16}O+Cu at 14.6 A{center_dot}GeV/c have been analyzed by Ju Kang using the method of scaled factorial moments as a function of the interval {delta}{eta} an apparent power-law growth of moments with decreasing interval is observed down to {delta}{eta} {approximately} 0.1, and the measured slope parameters are found to obey two scaling rules. Previous experience with E{sub T} distributions suggested that fluctuations of multiplicity and transverse energy can be well described by Gamma or Negative Binomial Distributions (NBD) and excellent fits to NBD were obtained in all {delta}{eta}more » bins. The k parameter of the NBD fit was found to increase linearly with the {delta}{eta} interval, which due to the well known property of the NBD under convolution, indicates that the multiplicity distributions in adjacent bins of pseudorapidity {delta}{eta} {approximately} 0.1 are largely statistically independent.« less

Deterministic time-reversible thermostats: chaos, ergodicity, and the zeroth law of thermodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patra, Puneet Kumar; Sprott, Julien Clinton; Hoover, William Graham; Griswold Hoover, Carol

2015-09-01

The relative stability and ergodicity of deterministic time-reversible thermostats, both singly and in coupled pairs, are assessed through their Lyapunov spectra. Five types of thermostat are coupled to one another through a single Hooke's-law harmonic spring. The resulting dynamics shows that three specific thermostat types, Hoover-Holian, Ju-Bulgac, and Martyna-Klein-Tuckerman, have very similar Lyapunov spectra in their equilibrium four-dimensional phase spaces and when coupled in equilibrium or nonequilibrium pairs. All three of these oscillator-based thermostats are shown to be ergodic, with smooth analytic Gaussian distributions in their extended phase spaces (coordinate, momentum, and two control variables). Evidently these three ergodic and time-reversible thermostat types are particularly useful as statistical-mechanical thermometers and thermostats. Each of them generates Gibbs' universal canonical distribution internally as well as for systems to which they are coupled. Thus they obey the zeroth law of thermodynamics, as a good heat bath should. They also provide dissipative heat flow with relatively small nonlinearity when two or more such temperature baths interact and provide useful deterministic replacements for the stochastic Langevin equation.

Magnetite as Possible Template for the Synthesis of Chiral Organics in Carbonaceous Chondrites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, Q. H. S.; Zolensky, M. E.

2014-01-01

The main goal of the Japanese Aerospace Ex-ploration Agency (JAXA) Hayabusa-2 mission is to visit and return to Earth samples of a C-type asteroid (162173) 1999 JU3 in order to understand the origin and nature of organic materials in the Solar System. Life on Earth shows preference towards the set of organics with particular spatial arrangements, this 'selectivity' is a crucial criterion for life. With only rare exceptions, life 'determines' to use the left- (L-) form over the right- (D-) form of amino acids, resulting in a L-enantiomeric excess (ee). Recent studies have shown that L-ee is found within the alpha-methyl amino acids in meteorites [1, 2], which are amino acids with rare terrestrial occurrence, and thus point towards a plausible abiotic origin for ee. One of the proposed origins of chiral asymmetry of amino acids in meteorites is their formation with the presence of asymmetric catalysts [3]. The catalytic mineral grains acted as a surface at which nebular gases (CO, H2 and NH3) were allowed to condense and react through Fisher Tropsch type (FTT) syntheses to form the organics observed in meteorites [4]. Magnetite is shown to be an effective catalyst of the synthesis of amino acids that are commonly found in meteorites [5]. It has also taken the form as spiral magnetites (a.k.a. 'plaquettes'), which were found in various carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), including C2s Tagish Lake and Esseibi, CI Orgueil, and CR chondrites [e.g., 6, 7, 8]. In addition, L-ee for amino acids are common in the aqueously altered CCs, as opposed to the unaltered CCs [1]. It seems possible that the synthesis of amino acids with chiral preferences is correlated to the alteration process experienced by the asteroid parent body, and related to the configuration of spiral magnetite catalysts. Since C-type asteroids are considered to be enriched in organic matter, and the spectral data of 1999 JU3 indicates a certain de-gree of aqueous alteration [9], the Hayabusa-2 mission serves as

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS COMMUNICATED IN LIBRAS.

PubMed

França, Inacia Sátiro Xavier de; Magalhães, Isabella Medeiros de Oliveira; Sousa, Francisco Stélio de; Coura, Alexsandro Silva; Silva, Arthur Felipe Rodrigues; Baptista, Rosilene Santos

2016-01-01

To validate a video containing image representations of clinical signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections expressed in Libras. Methodology development study conducted in an audio communication school. Thirty-six deaf people were selected. A video containing image representations of clinical signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections expressed in Libras was produced. Semantic validation was performed by deaf students and content validation by three judges who are Libras experts. The validation results were subjected to the Content Validity Index, where an index score > 0.80/80% was considered as agreement among judges. Seven signs and symptoms related to sexually transmitted infections were validated and obtained satisfactory Content Validity Indexes, most of them with 100% representativeness and agreement. The validation process made the expressions of signs and symptoms related to sexually transmitted infections represented in Libras valid for establishing effective communication in the area of the study, turning it into a care tool that facilitates and standardizes communication with deaf people through Libras. Validar um vídeo contendo as representações imagéticas de sinais e sintomas clínicos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis expressas em Libras. Estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico, realizado em uma escola de audiocomunicação. Selecionou-se uma amostra de 36 surdos. Elaborou-se um vídeo contendo a representação imagética de sinais e sintomas de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis expressos em Libras. A validação semântica foi realizada pelos surdos e a validação de conteúdo por três juízes experts em Libras. Os resultados da validação foram submetidos ao Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando-se o escore do índice > 0,80/80% de concordância entre os juízes. Foram validados sete sinais e sintomas relacionados às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis que obtiveram Índices de Validade de

Chornobyl and reproductive health of a female rural population (an epidemiological study).

PubMed

Kundiev, Y I; Chernyuk, V I; Karakashyan, A N; Martynovskaya, T Y

2013-01-01

data the content of organochlorine pesticides in biological fluids of women with reproductive health disorders was significantly higher (p<0.05) vs. with healthy ones. It is established that women of the childbearing age residing on territories with the density of contamination of more than 5 Ci/km and with rates of pesticide load over 5 kg/ha should be referred to a high risk group of the reproductive health disorders. The perspectives of epidemiological studies on the reproductive health are related on the use of the combination of many-aspect healthcare and biological approaches. It is equally important to assess adequately the factors of environment and work-related conditions, and their combined effect with dwelling load. Kundiev Ju. I., Chernjuk V. I., Karakashjan A. N., Martynovskaja T. Ju., 2013.

Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2 trends.

PubMed

Piao, Shilong; Sitch, Stephen; Ciais, Philippe; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Peylin, Philippe; Wang, Xuhui; Ahlström, Anders; Anav, Alessandro; Canadell, Josep G; Cong, Nan; Huntingford, Chris; Jung, Martin; Levis, Sam; Levy, Peter E; Li, Junsheng; Lin, Xin; Lomas, Mark R; Lu, Meng; Luo, Yiqi; Ma, Yuecun; Myneni, Ranga B; Poulter, Ben; Sun, Zhenzhong; Wang, Tao; Viovy, Nicolas; Zaehle, Soenke; Zeng, Ning

2013-07-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 10 process-based terrestrial biosphere models that were used for the IPCC fifth Assessment Report. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is compared with flux-tower-based estimates by Jung et al. [Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11). The net primary productivity (NPP) apparent sensitivity to climate variability and atmospheric CO2 trends is diagnosed from each model output, using statistical functions. The temperature sensitivity is compared against ecosystem field warming experiments results. The CO2 sensitivity of NPP is compared to the results from four Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments. The simulated global net biome productivity (NBP) is compared with the residual land sink (RLS) of the global carbon budget from Friedlingstein et al. [Nature Geoscience 3 (2010) 811] (FR10). We found that models produce a higher GPP (133 ± 15 Pg C yr(-1) ) than JU11 (118 ± 6 Pg C yr(-1) ). In response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, modeled NPP increases on average by 16% (5-20%) per 100 ppm, a slightly larger apparent sensitivity of NPP to CO2 than that measured at the FACE experiment locations (13% per 100 ppm). Global NBP differs markedly among individual models, although the mean value of 2.0 ± 0.8 Pg C yr(-1) is remarkably close to the mean value of RLS (2.1 ± 1.2 Pg C yr(-1) ). The interannual variability in modeled NBP is significantly correlated with that of RLS for the period 1980-2009. Both model-to-model and interannual variation in model GPP is larger than that in model NBP due to the strong coupling causing a positive correlation between ecosystem respiration and GPP in the model. The average linear regression slope of global NBP vs. temperature across the 10 models is -3.0 ± 1.5 Pg C yr(-1) °C(-1) , within the uncertainty of what derived from RLS (-3.9 ± 1.1 Pg C yr(-1) °C(-1) ). However, 9 of 10 models overestimate the regression slope of NBP vs. precipitation

Binational school-based monitoring of traffic-related air pollutants in El Paso, Texas (USA) and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (México).

PubMed

Raysoni, Amit U; Sarnat, Jeremy A; Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt; Garcia, Jośe Humberto; Holguin, Fernando; Luèvano, Silvia Flores; Li, Wen-Whai

2011-10-01

Paired indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 reflectance [black carbon(BC)], and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) were determined for sixteen weeks in 2008 at four elementary schools (two in high and two in low traffic density zones) in a U.S.-Mexico border community to aid a binational health effects study. Strong spatial heterogeneity was observed for all outdoor pollutant concentrations. Concentrations of all pollutants, except coarse PM, were higher in high traffic zones than in the respective low traffic zones. Black carbon and NO(2) appear to be better traffic indicators than fine PM. Indoor air pollution was found to be well associated with outdoor air pollution, although differences existed due to uncontrollable factors involving student activities and building/ventilation configurations. Results of this study indicate substantial spatial variability of pollutants in the region, suggesting that children's exposures to these pollutants vary based on the location of their school. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A taxonomic monograph of the genus Tylodinus Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae: Tylodina) of Chiapas, Mexico.

PubMed

Luna-Cozar, Jesús; Anderson, Robert S; Jones, Robert W; León-Corté, Jorge L

2014-04-15

The species of the genus Tylodinus from the Mexican state of Chiapas are revised. We examined 989 specimens representing 36 species; 23 species are grouped into eight species groups with 13 species considered as Incertae sedis. A total of 32 species are described as new and one species is a new record for México. Species groups  (numbers of species in parentheses) and species are: Tylodinus buchanani species group (6) T. buchanani new species (type locality: Chiapas, Unión Juárez, Volcán Tacan), T. exiguus new species (type locality: Chiapas, Motozintla, 7 km SSW Motozintla de Mendoza), T. ixchel new species (type locality: Chiapas, Unión Juarez, Volcán Tacan), T. jonesi new species (type locality: Chiapas, Angel Albino Corzo, Reserva de la Biosfera el Triunfo, Campamento el Quetzal), T. variabilis new species (type locality: Chiapas, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro Huitepec), T. wibmeri new species (type locality: Chiapas, Motozintla, 7 km SSW Motozintla de Mendoza); Tylodinus canaliculatus species group (3) T. canaliculatus Champion (Chiapas, Unión Juárez, Volcán Tacan, new record for  México), T. sepulturaensis new species (Type locality: Chiapas, Villa Corzo, Ejido Sierra Morena), T. triumforium new species (Type locality: Chiapas, La Concordia, 4 km SE Custepec); Tylodinus cavicrus species group (3) T. cavicrus Champion, T. pseudocavicrus new species (type locality: Chiapas, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro Huitepec), T. rugosus new species (type locality: Chiapas, Villa Flores, Sierra Morena); Tylodinus coapillensis species group (2) T. coapillensis new species (type locality: Chiapas, Coapilla, ca. 10.5 km NE Coapilla), T. leoncortesi new species (type locality: Chiapas, Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, La Yerbabuena); Tylodinus mutabilis species group (2) Tylodinus mutabilis new species (type locality: Chiapas, Villa Corzo, Ejido Sierra Morena), T. parvus new species (type locality: Chiapas, Trinitaria, Lagunas de Montebello); Tylodinus

Development of Solar Powered Feeding Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks in low Solar Density Conditions / Bezvadu Sensoru Tīklu Elektroapgādes Sistēmas Izstrāde, Kas Izmanto Saules Paneļus Un Darbojas Pazeminātas Saules Radiācijas Apstākļos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondratjevs, K.; Zabasta, A.; Selmanovs-Pless, V.

2015-08-01

In the recent years, there has been significant research focus on the safety and reliability of data harvesting and optimal energy consuming by wireless sensor network nodes. If external electrical power fails, the node needs to be able to send notifications to the utility demanding the use of backup energy strategies. The authors of the research offer an approach that can help to use PV panels as an alternative power source for WSN nodes in particular irradiation conditions. Survey and testing of the main types of PV panels offered on the market in conditions closed to real ones, in which WSN nodes are maintained, have been implemented. Based on the test results, maximum power control module parameters can be calculated in order to achieve the best effectiveness of the power control system for a selected type of PV panel or panel group. The novelty of the research is an approach that includes an original test bed design for PV testing, PV testing method and selection of design and MPP control module parameters, which ensure maximum effectiveness of WSN node power feeding. Pēdējos gados vairāki pētījumi ir veltīti problēmām, kas ir saistītas ar enerģijas patēriņa mazināšanu un efektīvu izmantošanu bezvadu sensoru tīklu mezglos. Kad sensors mezgls ir izsmēlis enerģijas krājumu, tas vairs nefunkcionē un atslēdzas no kopēja tīkla, kas var būtiski ietekmēt visa tīkla veiktspēju. Šī pētījuma mērķis ir izveidot barošanas vadības moduli, lai nodrošinātu stabilu elektroapgādes spriegumu autonomi strādājošiem radio signāla atkārtotājiem, sensoriem vai vārtejām, kas darbojas bezvadu sensoru tīklos. Pētījuma ietvaros izstrādāta metode saules paneļu kvalitatīvai salīdzināšanai starp tehnoloģijām vai savā starpā, izvērtējot to atbilstību mērķa pielietojumam. Izstrādātā metode sniedz iespēju veikt kontrolētus testus pie variējošiem, simulētiem gaismas apstākļiem, ļauj prognozēt enerģijas resursus

Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopic Studies of Dimethyl Ether and Ethylene Flames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obenchain, Daniel A.; Wullenkord, Julia; Kohse-Höinghaus, Katharina; Grabow, Jens-Uwe; Hansen, Nils

2017-06-01

Microwave spectroscopy has been a proven technique for the detection of short-lived molecules produced from a variety of molecular sources. With the goal of observing more reactive intermediates produced in combustion reactions, the products of a home-built flat flame burner were measured on a coaxially oriented beam resonator arrangement (COBRA) Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The products are coupled into a molecular beam using a fast-mixing nozzle styled after the work of Gutowsky and co-workers. Probing the flame at various positions, the relative abundance of products can be observed as a function of flame depth. One dimensional intensity profiles are available for formaldehyde, ketene, acetaldehyde, and dimethyl ether, where either a dimethyl ether fuel or an ethylene fuel was burned in the presence of oxygen. The current arrangement allows only for stable species produced in the flame to be observed in the molecular beam. This combination of species source and detection shows promise for future work in observing new, short-lived, combustion intermediates. J.-U. Grabow, W. Stahl, H. Dreizler, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 4072, 1996 T. Emilsson, T. D. Klots, R. S. Ruoff, H.S. Gutowsky, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6971, 1990

Differential impact of local and federal smoke-free legislation in Mexico: a longitudinal study among adult smokers

PubMed Central

Thrasher, James F.; Swayampakala, Kamala; Arillo-Santillán, Edna; Sebrié, Ernesto; Walsemann, Katrina M; Bottai, Matteo

2015-01-01

Objective To assess the impact of Mexico City and federal smoke-free legislation on secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and support for smoke-free laws. Material and Methods Pre- and post-law data were analyzed from a cohort of adult smokers who participated in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Survey in four Mexican cities. For each indicator, we estimated prevalence, changes in prevalence, and between-city differences in rates of change. Results Self-reported exposure to smoke-free media campaigns generally increased more dramatically in Mexico City. Support for prohibiting smoking in regulated venues increased overall, but at a greater rate in Mexico City than in other cities. In bars and restaurants/cafés, self-reported SHS exposure had significantly greater decreases in Mexico City than in other cities; however, workplace exposure decreased in Tijuana and Guadalajara, but not in Mexico City or Ciudad Juárez. Conclusions Although federal smoke-free legislation was associated with important changes smoke-free policy impact, the comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City was generally accompanied by a greater rate of change. PMID:21243195

Genetics and southern African prehistory: an archaeological view.

PubMed

Mitchell, Peter

2010-01-01

Southern African populations speaking languages that are often - but inaccurately - grouped together under the label 'Khoisan' are an important focus of molecular genetic research, not least in tracking the early stages of human genetic diversification. This paper reviews these studies from an archaeological standpoint, concentrating on modern human origins, the introduction of pastoralism to southern Africa and admixture between the region's indigenous foragers and incoming Bantu-speaking farmers. To minimise confusion and facilitate correlation with anthropological, linguistic and archaeological data it emphasises the need to use ethnolinguistic labels accurately and with due regard for the particular histories of individual groups. It also stresses the geographically and culturally biased nature of the genetic studies undertaken to date, which employ data from only a few 'Khoisan' groups. Specific topics for which the combined deployment of genetic and archaeological methods would be particularly useful include the early history of Ju-Hoan- and Tuu-speaking hunter-gatherers, the expansion of Khoe-speaking populations, the chronology of genetic exchange between hunter-gatherers and farmers, and the origins of the Sotho/Tswana- and Nguni-speaking populations that dominate much of southern Africa today.

Model-Dependent Constraint on Quark Total Angular Momentum Based on the Transverse Target-spin Asymmetry Measured in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at HERMES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nowak, Wolf-Dieter

Results are reported on the transverse target-spin asymmetry (TTSA) associated with deeply virtual Compton scattering on the proton. The data have been accumulated in the years 2002-2004 by the HERMES experiment at DESY, in which the HERA 27.6 GeV e+ beam scattered on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. Two azimuthal amplitudes of the TTSA appearing to LO in 1/Q and {alpha}s, A{sub UT}{sup sin({phi}-{phi}{sub S})cos{phi}} and A{sub UT}{sup cos({phi} -{phi}{sub S})sin{phi}}, are given as a function of -t,xB,Q2 in the kinematic range |t| < 0.7 GeV2, 0.03 < xB < 0.35 and 1 < Q2 < 10 GeV2. The firstmore » amplitude is found to be sensitive to the generalized parton distribution (GPD) E of the proton, which can be parameterized in a GPD model through quark total angular momentum Jq(q = u, d). Within the context of this model, a constraint in the (Ju,Jd) plane is obtained from HERMES TTSA data.« less

Micromechanics and effective elastoplastic behavior of two-phase metal matrix composites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ju, J.W.; Chen, T.M.

A micromechanical framework is presented to predict effective (overall) elasto-(visco-)plastic behavior of two-phase particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMC). In particular, the inclusion phase (particle) is assumed to be elastic and the matrix material is elasto-(visco-)plastic. Emanating from Ju and Chen's (1994a,b) work on effective elastic properties of composites containing many randomly dispersed inhomogeneities, effective elastoplastic deformations and responses of PRMMC are estimated by means of the effective yield criterion'' derived micromechanically by considering effects due to elastic particles embedded in the elastoplastic matrix. The matrix material is elastic or plastic, depending on local stress and deformation, and obeys general plasticmore » flow rule and hardening law. Arbitrary (general) loadings and unloadings are permitted in the framework through the elastic predictor-plastic corrector two-step operator splitting methodology. The proposed combined micromechanical and computational approach allows one to estimate overall elastoplastic responses of PRMMCs by accounting for the microstructural information (such as the spatial distribution and micro-geometry of particles), elastic properties of constituent phases, and the plastic behavior of the matrix-only materials.« less

High adult mortality among Hiwi hunter-gatherers: implications for human evolution.

PubMed

Hill, Kim; Hurtado, A M; Walker, R S

2007-04-01

Extant apes experience early sexual maturity and short life spans relative to modern humans. Both of these traits and others are linked by life-history theory to mortality rates experienced at different ages by our hominin ancestors. However, currently there is a great deal of debate concerning hominin mortality profiles at different periods of evolutionary history. Observed rates and causes of mortality in modern hunter-gatherers may provide information about Upper Paleolithic mortality that can be compared to indirect evidence from the fossil record, yet little is published about causes and rates of mortality in foraging societies around the world. To our knowledge, interview-based life tables for recent hunter-gatherers are published for only four societies (Ache, Agta, Hadza, and Ju/'hoansi). Here, we present mortality data for a fifth group, the Hiwi hunter-gatherers of Venezuela. The results show comparatively high death rates among the Hiwi and highlight differences in mortality rates among hunter-gatherer societies. The high levels of conspecific violence and adult mortality in the Hiwi may better represent Paleolithic human demographics than do the lower, disease-based death rates reported in the most frequently cited forager studies.

Can't buy my love: a typology of female sex workers' commercial relationships in the Mexico-U.S. Border Region.

PubMed

Robertson, Angela M; Syvertsen, Jennifer L; Amaro, Hortensia; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M Gudelia; Patterson, Thomas L; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2014-01-01

Female sex workers (FSWs) experience elevated risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through unprotected sex with male clients, yet the complexity of these commercial relationships remains understudied. From 2010 to 2011, we explored FSWs' conceptualizations of various client types and related risk behavior patterns using semistructured interviews with 46 FSWs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, where FSWs' HIV/STI prevalence is increasing. Our grounded theory analysis identified four types of commercial relationships: nonregular clients, regular clients and friends, clients who "fell in love" with FSWs, and long-term financial providers who often originated from the United States. As commercial relationships developed, clients' social and emotional connections to FSWs increased, rendering condom negotiation and maintaining professional boundaries more difficult. Drug abuse and poverty also influenced behaviors, particularly in Ciudad Juárez, where lucrative U.S. clients were increasingly scarce. While struggling to cultivate dependable relationships in a setting marked by historical sex tourism from a wealthier country, some FSWs ceased negotiating condom use. We discuss the need for HIV/STI research and prevention interventions to recognize the complexity within FSWs' commercial relationships and how behaviors (e.g., condom use) evolve as relationships develop through processes that are influenced by local sociopolitical contexts and binational income inequality.

Hayabusa2 Sample Catcher and Container: Metal-Seal System for Vacuum Encapsulation of Returned Samples with Volatiles and Organic Compounds Recovered from C-Type Asteroid Ryugu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okazaki, Ryuji; Sawada, Hirotaka; Yamanouchi, Shinji; Tachibana, Shogo; Miura, Yayoi N.; Sakamoto, Kanako; Takano, Yoshinori; Abe, Masanao; Itoh, Shoichi; Yamada, Keita; Yabuta, Hikaru; Okamoto, Chisato; Yano, Hajime; Noguchi, Takaaki; Nakamura, Tomoki; Nagao, Keisuke

2017-07-01

The spacecraft Hayabusa2 was launched on December 3, 2014, to collect and return samples from a C-type asteroid, 162173 Ryugu (provisional designation, 1999 JU3). It is expected that the samples collected contain organic matter and water-bearing minerals and have key information to elucidate the origin and history of the Solar System and the evolution of bio-related organics prior to delivery to the early Earth. In order to obtain samples with volatile species without terrestrial contamination, based on lessons learned from the Hayabusa mission, the sample catcher and container of Hayabusa2 were refined from those used in Hayabusa. The improvements include (1) a mirror finish of the inner wall surface of the sample catcher and the container, (2) adoption of an aluminum metal sealing system, and (3) addition of a gas-sampling interface for gas collection and evacuation. The former two improvements were made to limit contamination of the samples by terrestrial atmosphere below 1 Pa after the container is sealed. The gas-sampling interface will be used to promptly collect volatile species released from the samples in the sample container after sealing of the container. These improvements maintain the value of the returned samples.

Acceptability of vaginal microbicides among female sex workers and their intimate male partners in two Mexico-US border cities: a mixed methods analysis.

PubMed

Robertson, Angela M; Syvertsen, Jennifer L; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M Gudelia; Palinkas, Lawrence A; Stockman, Jamila K; Ulibarri, Monica D; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2013-01-01

Female sex workers (FSWs) may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) including microbicides for HIV prevention. Since adherence is a key factor in PrEP efficacy, we explored microbicide acceptability and potential barriers to use within FSWs' intimate relationships in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, where HIV prevalence is increasing. FSWs and their verified intimate (non-commercial) male partners completed quantitative and qualitative interviews from 2010 to 2012. Our complementary mixed methods design followed an iterative process to assess microbicide acceptability, explore related relationship dynamics and identify factors associated with concern about male partners' anger regarding microbicide use. Among 185 couples (n=370 individuals), interest in microbicides was high. In qualitative interviews with 28 couples, most participants were enthusiastic about microbicides for sex work contexts but some explained that microbicides could imply mistrust/infidelity within their intimate relationships. In the overall sample, nearly one in six participants (16%) worried that male partners would become angry about microbicides, which was associated with higher self-esteem among FSWs and lower self-esteem and past year conflicts causing injury within relationships among men. HIV prevention interventions should consider intimate relationship dynamics posing potential barriers to PrEP acceptability and adherence, involve male partners and promote risk communication skills.

Can’t Buy My Love: A Typology of Female Sex Workers’ Commercial Relationships in the Mexico–U.S. Border Region

PubMed Central

Robertson, Angela M.; Syvertsen, Jennifer L.; Amaro, Hortensia; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Patterson, Thomas L.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2014-01-01

Female sex workers (FSWs) experience elevated risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through unprotected sex with male clients, yet the complexity of these commercial relationships remains understudied. From 2010 to 2011, we explored FSWs’ conceptualizations of various client types and related risk behavior patterns using semistructured interviews with 46 FSWs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, where FSWs’ HIV/STI prevalence is increasing. Our grounded theory analysis identified four types of commercial relationships: nonregular clients, regular clients and friends, clients who “fell in love” with FSWs, and long-term financial providers who often originated from the United States. As commercial relationships developed, clients’ social and emotional connections to FSWs increased, rendering condom negotiation and maintaining professional boundaries more difficult. Drug abuse and poverty also influenced behaviors, particularly in Ciudad Juárez, where lucrative U.S. clients were increasingly scarce. While struggling to cultivate dependable relationships in a setting marked by historical sex tourism from a wealthier country, some FSWs ceased negotiating condom use. We discuss the need for HIV/STI research and prevention interventions to recognize the complexity within FSWs’ commercial relationships and how behaviors (e.g., condom use) evolve as relationships develop through processes that are influenced by local sociopolitical contexts and binational income inequality. PMID:23659340

Discovery of methyl silane and confirmation of silyl cyanide in IRC +10216

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cernicharo, J.; Agúndez, M.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Guélin, M.; Pardo, J. R.; Kahane, C.; Marka, C.; Kramer, C.; Navarro, S.; Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Fonfría, J. P.; Marcelino, N.; Tercero, B.; Moreno, E.; Massalkhi, S.; Santander-García, M.; McCarthy, M. C.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Alonso, J. L.

2017-10-01

We report the discovery in space of methyl silane, CH3SiH3, from observations of ten rotational transitions between 80 and 350 GHz (Ju from 4 to 16) with the IRAM 30 m radio telescope. The molecule was observed in the envelope of the C-star IRC +10216. The observed profiles and our models for the expected emission of methyl silane suggest that the it is formed in the inner zones of the circumstellar envelope, 1-40 R∗, with an abundance of (0.5-1) × 10-8 relative to H2. We also observed several rotational transitions of silyl cyanide (SiH3CN), confirming its presence in IRC +10216 in particular, and in space in general. Our models indicate that silyl cyanide is also formed in the inner regions of the envelope, around 20 R∗, with an abundance relative to H2 of 6 × 10-10. The possible formation mechanisms of both species are discussed. We also searched for related chemical species but only upper limits could be obtained. This work was based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).

Quantitative, Qualitative and Geospatial Methods to Characterize HIV Risk Environments.

PubMed

Conners, Erin E; West, Brooke S; Roth, Alexis M; Meckel-Parker, Kristen G; Kwan, Mei-Po; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Staines-Orozco, Hugo; Clapp, John D; Brouwer, Kimberly C

2016-01-01

Increasingly, 'place', including physical and geographical characteristics as well as social meanings, is recognized as an important factor driving individual and community health risks. This is especially true among marginalized populations in low and middle income countries (LMIC), whose environments may also be more difficult to study using traditional methods. In the NIH-funded longitudinal study Mapa de Salud, we employed a novel approach to exploring the risk environment of female sex workers (FSWs) in two Mexico/U.S. border cities, Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez. In this paper we describe the development, implementation, and feasibility of a mix of quantitative and qualitative tools used to capture the HIV risk environments of FSWs in an LMIC setting. The methods were: 1) Participatory mapping; 2) Quantitative interviews; 3) Sex work venue field observation; 4) Time-location-activity diaries; 5) In-depth interviews about daily activity spaces. We found that the mixed-methodology outlined was both feasible to implement and acceptable to participants. These methods can generate geospatial data to assess the role of the environment on drug and sexual risk behaviors among high risk populations. Additionally, the adaptation of existing methods for marginalized populations in resource constrained contexts provides new opportunities for informing public health interventions.

Open letter to Pope John Paul II.

PubMed

Sai, F

1991-01-01

In an Open Letter to Pope John Paul II, written on World Population Day (July 11) 1991, Dr. Fred Sai, President of International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), called for a dialogue on voluntary family planning as a means of avoiding unwanted pregnancy. A half million women die each year from pregnancy-related causes--a death toll that could be dramatically reduced by universal access to low cost, effective contraception. Family planning further represents the best protection against abortion. The Catholic Church's vehement opposition to abortion and family planning methods other than periodic abstinence is in marked contrast to its support to human rights in other settings. The Church has supported struggles for economic ju stice in and among nations, sided with the poor, and advocated for transitions to democracy. At the same time, the family planning movement--which has as its overall objective the protection of the health and welfare of women, children, and families--is viewed by the Vatican as a vehicle for the enslavement rather than liberation of women. The opening of a sensitive dialogue between the Catholic Church and supporters of voluntary family planning could help couples make sound moral decisions about their families and contribute to saving the lives of millions of women, most of them poor.

Chiral Process Monitoring Using Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neill, Justin L.; Muckle, Matt; Pate, Brooks

2017-06-01

We present the application of Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy in monitoring the chiral purity of components in a reaction mixture. This is of particular interest due to the increasing use of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, in which a number of attributes (including the chiral purity of the product) can change on short time scales. Therefore, new techniques that can accomplish this measurement rapidly are desired. The excellent specificity of FTMW spectroscopy, coupled with newly developed techniques for measuring enantiomeric excess in a mixture, have motivated this work. In collaboration with B. Frank Gupton (Virginia Commonwealth University), we are testing this application first with the synthesis of artemisinin. Artemisinin, a common drug for malaria treatment, is of high global health interest and subject to supply shortages, and therefore a strong candidate for continuous manufacturing. It also has moderately high molecular weight (282 amu) and seven chiral centers, making it a good candidate to test the capabilities of FTMW spectroscopy. Using a miniature cavity-enhanced FTMW spectrometer design, we aim to demonstrate selective component quantification in the reaction mixture. Future work that will be needed to fully realize this application will be discussed. R.D. Suenram, J.U. Grabow, A.Zuban, and I.Leonov, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 2127 (1999).

SAM Team Celebrates Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-30

Who Should Be TIME's Person of the Year 2012? - The Mars Rover! VOTE here: ti.me/YxJU1i Caption - SAM Team celebrates a picture perfect landing! Pictured from left to rights: Mehdi Benna, Laurie Leshin, Chris Webster, Will Brinckerhoff, Paul Mahaffy, Pan Conrad, Florence Tan, and Jen Eigenbrode. Credit: NASA ----- The Curiosity rover bristles with multiple cameras and instruments, including Goddard's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite. By looking for evidence of water, carbon, and other important building blocks of life in the Martian soil and atmosphere, SAM will help discover whether Mars ever had the potential to support life. Curiosity was delivered to Gale crater, a 96-mile-wide crater that contains a record of environmental changes in its sedimentary rock, in August 2012. Related links: www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html science.gsfc.nasa.gov/699/marsSAM.shtml mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Quantitative, Qualitative and Geospatial Methods to Characterize HIV Risk Environments

PubMed Central

Conners, Erin E.; West, Brooke S.; Roth, Alexis M.; Meckel-Parker, Kristen G.; Kwan, Mei-Po; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Staines-Orozco, Hugo; Clapp, John D.; Brouwer, Kimberly C.

2016-01-01

Increasingly, ‘place’, including physical and geographical characteristics as well as social meanings, is recognized as an important factor driving individual and community health risks. This is especially true among marginalized populations in low and middle income countries (LMIC), whose environments may also be more difficult to study using traditional methods. In the NIH-funded longitudinal study Mapa de Salud, we employed a novel approach to exploring the risk environment of female sex workers (FSWs) in two Mexico/U.S. border cities, Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez. In this paper we describe the development, implementation, and feasibility of a mix of quantitative and qualitative tools used to capture the HIV risk environments of FSWs in an LMIC setting. The methods were: 1) Participatory mapping; 2) Quantitative interviews; 3) Sex work venue field observation; 4) Time-location-activity diaries; 5) In-depth interviews about daily activity spaces. We found that the mixed-methodology outlined was both feasible to implement and acceptable to participants. These methods can generate geospatial data to assess the role of the environment on drug and sexual risk behaviors among high risk populations. Additionally, the adaptation of existing methods for marginalized populations in resource constrained contexts provides new opportunities for informing public health interventions. PMID:27191846

Acceptability of vaginal microbicides among female sex workers and their intimate male partners in two Mexico-U.S. border cities: a mixed methods analysis

PubMed Central

Robertson, Angela M.; Syvertsen, Jennifer L.; Martinez, Gustavo; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Stockman, Jamila K.; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2013-01-01

Background Female sex workers (FSWs) may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) including microbicides for HIV prevention. Since adherence is a key factor in PrEP efficacy, we explored microbicide acceptability and potential barriers to use within FSWs’ intimate relationships in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, where HIV prevalence is increasing. Methods FSWs and their verified intimate (non-commercial) male partners completed quantitative and qualitative interviews from 2010–2012. Our complementary mixed methods design followed an iterative process to assess microbicide acceptability, explore related relationship dynamics, and identify factors associated with concern about male partners’ anger regarding microbicide use. Results Among 185 couples (n=370 individuals), interest in microbicides was high. In qualitative interviews with 28 couples, most participants were enthusiastic about microbicides for sex work contexts but some explained that microbicides could imply mistrust/infidelity within their intimate relationships. In the overall sample, nearly 1 in 6 participants (16%) worried that male partners would become angry about microbicides, which was associated with higher self-esteem among FSWs and lower self-esteem and past year conflict causing injury within relationships among men. Conclusions HIV prevention interventions should consider intimate relationship dynamics posing potential barriers to PrEP acceptability and adherence, involve male partners, and promote risk communication skills. PMID:23398385

Bell's Inequalities for Any Spin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-Robles, V. M.

John Ju Sakurai's classical book in quantum mechanics makes a very illuminative presentation that studies entangled states in a two spin s=1/2 particles system in a singlet state. A Bell's inequality emerges as a consequence. Bell's inequality is a relationship among observables that discriminates between Einstein's locality principle and the nonlocal point of view of orthodox quantum mechanics. Following Sakurai's style we propose, by making natural induction, a generalization for Bell's inequality for any two spin-s particles in a singlet state (s integer or half-integer). This inequality is expressed as a function of a θ parameter, which is a measure of the angle between two possible directions in which the spin is measured. Besides the expression for this general inequality we have found that - (a) for any finite half-integer spin Bell's inequality is violated for some interval of the θ-parameter. The right limit of this interval is fixed and equal to π/2, while the left one comes closer and closer to this value as spin number grows. A function fit shows clearly that the size of this θ-interval over which Bell's inequality is violated diminishes asymptotically to zero as 1/s1/2; (b) an analogous behavior for any finite integer spin. For large spins the disagreement between Einstein's locality principle and the nonlocal point of view in orthodox quantum mechanics disappears.

Natural variability of essential oil and antioxidants in the medicinal plant Turnera diffusa.

PubMed

Urbizu-González, Ana Lucía; Castillo-Ruiz, Octelina; Martínez-Ávila, Guillermo Cristian Guadalupe; Torres-Castillo, Jorge Ariel

2017-02-01

To evaluate differences in yield and composition of the essential oil and antioxidant contents in Turnera diffusa plants from localities in central region of Tamaulipas. Samples were collected in Tamaulipas, Mexico in the arid zone. Essential oil was obtained through steam distillation and analyzed using GC-MS. Polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities using ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods also were evaluated. A total of 21 compounds were identified in the essential oils; nevertheless, only Eucalyptol, 1,4-Methanocycloocta[d]pyridazine, 1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-11,11-dimethyl-, (1à,4à,4aà,10aà) y Ethanone, 1-(1,3-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) were detected in the three sites. Highest contents were registered in the sample from Padrón y Juárez with phenolic content of 33.85 mg GAE/g of dry material and antioxidant activities with ABTS 72.32% and with FRAP 21.33 mg GAE/g of dry material. Statistical differences were observed in essential oil, phenolics and antioxidants contents between populations. Results suggest that climatic differences and origin influence the phytochemicals in the medicinal plant Turnera diffusa, and thus, it is worth to consider such effects for industrial and medicinal purposes. Copyright © 2017 Hainan Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment of the level of damage to the genetic material of children exposed to pesticides in the province of Córdoba.

PubMed

Bernardi, Natalí; Gentile, Natalia; Mañas, Fernando; Méndez, Álvaro; Gorla, Nora; Aiassa, Delia

2015-04-01

In the past decades, several authors have investigated the genotoxicity caused by exposure to chemicals, but there are no reports on studies analyzing such effects on children in Argentina. The objective of this study was to establish the micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells in children from urban areas with environmental exposure (through inhalation) and to compare it with the micronucleus frequency in children from urban regions far from areas subjected to spraying. Fifty children living in the town of Marcos Juárez (Córdoba) at different distances from pesticide spraying areas and twenty-five children from the city of Río Cuarto (Córdoba), who are considered not exposed to pesticides, were studied; the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa cells was used. A significant difference was observed between exposed children living less than 500 m from areas subjected to spraying and those who were not exposed. Forty percent of exposed children suffer some type of persistent condition, which may be associated with chronic exposure to pesticides. Results indicate that genotoxicity is present in a group of children compared to the other one, and highlight the importance of the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa cells for genetic biomonitoring and public health surveillance. This assay is capable of detecting a level of damage that can be reversible.

Planetary cubesats - mission architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bousquet, Pierre W.; Ulamec, Stephan; Jaumann, Ralf; Vane, Gregg; Baker, John; Clark, Pamela; Komarek, Tomas; Lebreton, Jean-Pierre; Yano, Hajime

2016-07-01

Miniaturisation of technologies over the last decade has made cubesats a valid solution for deep space missions. For example, a spectacular set 13 cubesats will be delivered in 2018 to a high lunar orbit within the frame of SLS' first flight, referred to as Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1). Each of them will perform autonomously valuable scientific or technological investigations. Other situations are encountered, such as the auxiliary landers / rovers and autonomous camera that will be carried in 2018 to asteroid 1993 JU3 by JAXA's Hayabusas 2 probe, and will provide complementary scientific return to their mothership. In this case, cubesats depend on a larger spacecraft for deployment and other resources, such as telecommunication relay or propulsion. For both situations, we will describe in this paper how cubesats can be used as remote observatories (such as NEO detection missions), as technology demonstrators, and how they can perform or contribute to all steps in the Deep Space exploration sequence: Measurements during Deep Space cruise, Body Fly-bies, Body Orbiters, Atmospheric probes (Jupiter probe, Venus atmospheric probes, ..), Static Landers, Mobile landers (such as balloons, wheeled rovers, small body rovers, drones, penetrators, floating devices, …), Sample Return. We will elaborate on mission architectures for the most promising concepts where cubesat size devices offer an advantage in terms of affordability, feasibility, and increase of scientific return.

Effects of T'ai Chi on Serotonin, Nicotine Dependency, Depression, and Anger in Hospitalized Alcohol-Dependent Patients.

PubMed

Oh, Chung-Uk; Kim, Nam-Cho

2016-12-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of t'ai chi on blood serotonin levels, nicotine dependence, depression, and anger in hospitalized alcohol-dependent patients. This study followed an experimental and nonequivalent control group in a non-synchronized design. It was performed in a hospital located in Young Ju city, Korea, from April to August 2013. Thirty-eight patients who were hospitalized with alcohol dependence were included. They were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group, with 19 patients in each group. Patients in the experimental group practiced the 24-posture yang style t'ai chi for 50 min three times per week for 8 weeks as part of the routine hospital rehabilitation program, and those in the control group followed only the routine hospital rehabilitation program. The effect of treatment was measured using blood serotonin levels and a questionnaire on nicotine dependence, depression, and anger. Both measurements were performed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed using the t-test, chi-square test, and paired t-tests. The experimental group showed a significantly increased blood serotonin level (p = 0.001) and significantly reduced nicotine dependence, depression, and anger (p = 0.001) than the control group did after 8 weeks of treatment. T'ai chi was shown to be an effective nursing intervention in hospitalized alcohol-dependent patients.

Prescription Pattern of Chinese Herbal Products for Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study

PubMed Central

Huang, Chung-Yu; Lai, Jung-Nien; Hsu, Feng-Lin

2013-01-01

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), when given as a therapy for symptom relief, has gained widespread popularity among diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the utilization of TCM among type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. Methods. The use of TCM for type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated using a randomly sampled cohort of 1,000,000 beneficiaries recruited from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Results. Overall, 77.9% (n = 31,289) of type 2 diabetic patients utilized TCM and 13.9% (n = 4,351) of them used TCM for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Among the top ten most frequently prescribed herbal formulae, four remedies, Zhi-Bo-Di-Huang-Wan, Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan, Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan and Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan are derivative formulae of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan. In other words, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan and its derivatives were found to be the most common herbal formulae prescribed by TCM doctors for the treatment of diabetes in Taiwan. Conclusion. Although some evidence does support the use TCM to treat diabetes, the results from the current study may have been confounded by placebo effect, which emphasize the need for well conducted, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in order to further evaluate the efficacy of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan on patients with type 2 diabetes. PMID:23843864

Relationship Between Iron Valence States of Serpentine in CM Chondrites and Their Aqueous Alteration Degrees

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikouchi, T.; Zolensky, M.; Satake, W.; Le, L.

2012-01-01

The 0.6-0.7 micron absorption band observed for C-type asteroids is caused by the presence of Fe(3+) in phyllosilicates . Because Fe-bearing phyllosilicates, especially serpentine, are the most dominant product of aqueous alteration in the most abundant carbonaceous chondrites, CM chondrites, it is important to understand the crystal chemistry of serpentine in CM chondrites to better understand spectral features of C-type asteroids. CM chondrites show variable degrees of aqueous alteration, which should be related to iron valences in serpentine. It is predicted that the Fe(3+)/Sum of (Fe) ratios of serpentine in CM chondrites decrease as alteration proceeds by Si and Fe(3+) substitutions from end-member cronstedtite to serpentine, which should be apparent in the absorption intensity of the 0.6-0.7 micron band from C-type asteroids. In fact, the JAXA Hayabusa 2 target (C-type asteroid: 1993 JU3) exhibits heterogeneous spectral features (0.7 micron absorption band disappears by rotation). From these points of view, we have analyzed iron valences of matrix serpentine in several CM chondrites which span the entire observed range of aqueous alteration using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (SR-XANES). In this abstract we discuss the relationship between obtained Fe(3+)/Sum of (Fe) ratios and alteration degrees by adding new data to our previous studies

a Study of Sasin-Animal Sky Map on Chonmunryucho

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hong-Jin; Park, Myeong-Gu

2003-03-01

Chon-Mun-Ryu-Cho, written (edited) by Lee Sun-Ji during the period of King Se-Jong, is a representative astronomy book of Cho-Sun (A.D. 1392 -1910) Dynasty. We find and study in the first page of the book; the description of 28 oriental constellations as a Sasin (four mythical oriental animals)-animal sky map which is not widely known yet. The map consists of four groups of constellations, each of which represents the Sasin: Chang-Ryong (dragon), Baek-Ho (tigers with Ki-Rin [Oriental giraffe]), Ju-Jak (Chinese phoenix), Hyun-Mu (a tortoise interwined with a snake). Each group (animals) spans 2˜7 of 28 oriental constellations As we know from the illustration of the Chon-Sang-Yol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do a representative sky map of Cho-Sun Dynasty, astronomy in Cho-Sun Dynasty is closely related to that in Go-Gu-Ryer (B.C. 37 -A.D. 668) Dynasty. Since these Sasin-animals appear in most mural paintings of Go-Gu-Ryer tombs, visualization of sky with these animal constellations could have been established as early as in Go-Gu-Ryer Dynasty. We also reconstruct this ''A Sasin-animal Korean sky map'' based on the shapes of the Sasin and Ki-Rin from Go-Gu-Ryer paintings and 28 oriental constellations in Chon-Sang-Yol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do.

Micro-grid for on-site wind-and-hydrogen powered generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suskis, P.; Andreiciks, A.; Steiks, I.; Krievs, O.; Kleperis, J.

2014-02-01

The authors propose a micro-grid for autonomous wind-and-hydrogen power generation thus replacing such traditional fossil-fuelled equipment as domestic diesel generators, gas micro-turbines, etc. In the proposed microgrid the excess of electrical energy from a wind turbine is spent on electrolytic production of hydrogen which is then stored under low-pressure in absorbing composite material. The electrolyser has a non-traditional feeding unit and electrode coatings. The proposed DC/DC conversion topologies for different micro-grid nodes are shown to be well-designed. The prototypes elaborated for the converters and hydrogen storage media were tested and have demonstrated a good performance. Rakstā piedāvātā mikrotīkla izpēte ir veikta ar mērķi izstrādāt autonomu, uz vēja un ūdeņraža enerģiju balstītu elektroapgādes sistēmu, kas varētu aizvietot tradicionālās fosilā kurināmā sistēmas, piemēram, mājsaimniecību dīzeļa ģeneratorus, gāzes mikroturbīnas u.c. Mikrotīkla elektroapgādes sistēmā vēja agregāta saražotā elektroenerģija tiek pārveidota atbilstoši standarta maiņsprieguma elektroapgādes parametriem un piegādāta slodzei. Pārpalikusī enerģija tiek pārveidota un uzkrāta ūdeņraža formā, izmantojot elektrolīzes iekārtu un kompozītmateriālu uzkrājēju. Ja pieejamā vēja enerģija nenosedz slodzes enerģijas patēriņu, elektroenerģijas padeves funkciju ar atbilstoša energoelektronikas pārveidotāja palīdzību pārņem ūdeņraža degvielas elements. Ja, savukārt, slodzei nav nepieciešama enerģija, no vēja saražoto enerģiju izmanto elektrolīzes iekārta un tā tiek uzkrāta ūdeņraža formā, atbilstoši uzkrājēja ietilpībai. Piedāvātajā mikrotīklā ir izmantota elektrolīzes iekārta ar netradicionāliem elektrodu pārklājumiem un barošanas bloku, kā arī zemspiediena kompozītmateriālu ūdeņraža uzkrājējs. Galvenie mikrotīkla elektriskās enerģijas pārveidošanas mezgli ir

The on-ground calibration performances of the hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega for the Hayabusa-2 mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riu, Lucie; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Pilorget, Cédric; Poulet, François; Hamm, Vincent

2018-03-01

The miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega, on board the MASCOT lander for Hayabusa-2 mission, is designed to perform in situ measurements at the grain scale of the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 RYUGU. MicrOmega will observe samples with a field of view of a few millimeters with a spatial sampling of 25 μm and acquire near-infrared spectra by illuminating the sample sequentially with different wavelengths from 0.99 to 3.55 μm over two spectral channels with a typical spectral sampling of 20 cm-1. The on-ground calibration of MicrOmega requires a full characterization of the nominal range of operation of the instrument, both spectral (0.99-3.55 μm) and thermal (-40 °C to +40 °C) to derive the radiometric and spectral responses combined into a 4D transfer function to convert raw signal to calibrated reflectance. This specific 4D radiometric reference gives the instrument response according to the pixel location (x,y), the wavelength and the instrument temperature. This paper reports the complex computation of the 4D radiometric reference for the 0.9-2.5 μm channel. In this spectral range, the composition of the grains of a wide variety of minerals with relevance to solar system bodies can be identified through diagnostic spectral features: mafic (pyroxene, olivine…) as well as hydrated and altered minerals that are key phases for the solar system bodies' exploration.

Childhood Experiences of Sexual Violence, Pregnancy, and Marriage Associated With Child Sex Trafficking Among Female Sex Workers in Two US-Mexico Border Cities.

PubMed

Boyce, Sabrina C; Brouwer, Kimberly C; Triplett, Daniel; Servin, Argentina E; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Silverman, Jay G

2018-06-21

To quantitatively assess the relationships of childhood experiences of marriage, pregnancy, and sexual violence with underage sex trafficking. Cross-sectional survey data from a population-based sample of 603 female sex workers from Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, were collected in 2013 and 2014, and we analyzed the data to evaluate relationships between pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence when younger than 16 years, and child sex trafficking. Adjusted odds of child sex trafficking among those who experienced pregnancy, marriage, and childhood sexual violence when younger than 16 years in combined models were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 4.3), 1.7 (95% CI = 0.99, 2.8), and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.01, 3.0), respectively, relative to others (n = 603). For 89.8%, 78.0%, and 97.0% of those who had an experience of pregnancy (n = 69), marriage (n = 50), or sexual violence (n = 33) when younger than 16 years, respectively, the experience occurred before or the same year as sex trafficking. These results provide empirical evidence of modifiable risk factors for child sex trafficking that could be integrated into the prevention efforts and protocols of health clinics and governmental agencies in Mexico currently working to reduce underage pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 21, 2018: e1-e6. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304455).

Getting out of the game: desistance from drug trafficking.

PubMed

Campbell, Howard; Hansen, Tobin

2012-11-01

This ethnographic study was conducted along the U.S.-Mexico border, the centre of the western hemispheric illicit drugs trade. It examines factors that encouraged or discouraged drug traffickers to "get out of the game" (a common slang reference to leaving the drug business). In-depth, life history interviews were conducted of thirty ex-traffickers in the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez area. Participants discussed their experiences exiting drug trafficking and their retrospective, often conflicted, feelings about the trade. Although leaving drug trafficking is a complex and multi-faceted process, the principle factors for study participants were (1) punishment (by authorities or other traffickers), (2) self-image and identity, (3) social ties, (4) life course changes and (5) drug use/abuse. Traffickers often want to quit, but their divided self-identities make it difficult to relinquish the power and exhilaration they derive from the illicit drugs business. Harm reduction policies are needed that address the embeddedness of trafficker identities in dense webs of family, community, street gangs and transnational cartels, and the larger society, as well as the seductive appeal of Hollywood and pro-cartel narco-media. Traffickers need pathways that allow them to exit the illicit drugs business without surrendering their identity. Prison sentences are not enough to encourage traffickers to stop-also needed are culturally sensitive policies that help traffickers get out of the game and stay out. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 94

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abriola, D.; Sonzogni, A. A.

2006-09-01

Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A = 94 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. The Hager-Seltzer internal conversion coefficients are listed for gamma rays of known multipolarity. This work supersedes the 1992 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1992Tu02). Since 1992, many articles have been published which were incorporated in this evaluation. In summary, high-spin data using large arrays of Ge detectors have been obtained for 94Kr (2000Rz02), 94Sr (1995Ha20), 94Zr (2002Fo03,2005Pa48), 94Nb (2000Ma63), 94Mo (1998Kh04), 94Tc (2000Gh01), 94Ru (1994Ju03,1994Ro08), 94Rh (1994Ar33), and 94Pd (2003Ma24). A new isomer was observed in 94Y (1999Ge01). The low-spin levels in 98Mo were systematically studied using a variety of experimental techniques (2003Fr02). Considerable effort was spent investigating the decay of 94Ag and the levels of 94Pd (2006Mu03,2005Mu15,2004BaZY,2004Pl01,2002La18), in particular, the (21+) level in 94Ag is the first level observed to undergo both single and double proton radioactivity.

Disastrous torrential floods in mountain areas in Serbia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gavrilovic, Z.

2009-04-01

In Serbia, the relief is predominantly hilly and mountainous, intersected with numerous rivers. The greatest number of watercourses are small torrents; however the proportionally large rivers also have a distinctive torrential character. The highest parts of the catchments are at the altitudes above 1500 m, while their confluences are at the altitudes of 200 - 300 m. The catchment and channel slopes are extremely steep. So, as the initial natural preconditions are satisfied, torrential floods are the consequence. Although the Južna Morava catchments were regulated by erosion control works, during the last decades there were numerous torrential floods. Some of the floods had disastrous proportions, not recorded in Serbia or in Europe. The flood of river Vlasina in 1988 was presented to the professional public several times. This flood was not an isolated case. Many large-scale torrential floods occurred in Serbia from 1994 to 2007. As there were floods also in 2007, the causes of the recorded floods had to be analysed. The analysis pointed out a series of scenarios which were the causes of disastrous torrential floods, and also the disadvantages of the actual system of torrent and erosion control. Special attention was focused on the floods which resulted from sudden snow melting. This paper will present the results of the analyses of the extreme torrential floods of the rivers Nišava and Vlasina. Key words: Flood, torrents, torrent control, erosion control

Concurrent sexual partnerships among female sex workers and their non-commercial male partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.

PubMed

Robertson, Angela Marie; Syvertsen, Jennifer L; Rangel, M Gudelia; Staines, Hugo S; Morris, Martina; Patterson, Thomas L; Ulibarri, Monica D; Strathdee, Steffanie A

2013-06-01

To investigate the prevalence and correlates of concurrent (overlapping) sexual partnerships among female sex workers (FSWs) and their non-commercial male partners in two Mexico-US border cities. A cross-sectional survey of FSWs and their non-commercial male partners was conducted in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (2010-2011). Eligible FSWs and verified non-commercial partners were aged ≥18 years; FSWs had ever used hard drugs (lifetime) and recently exchanged sex for money, drugs or other goods (past month). Participants underwent baseline questionnaires obtaining dates of sex and condom use with ≤5 other recurring partners, including FSWs' regular clients. These dates were compared with dates of sex with enrolled study partners to determine overlap (ie, 'recurring' concurrency). Bivariate probit regression identified recurring concurrency correlates. Among 428 individuals (214 couples), past-year recurring concurrency prevalence was 16% and was higher among women than their non-commercial male partners (26% vs 6%). In 10 couples (5%), both partners reported recurring concurrency. The majority of couples (64%) always had unprotected sex, and most of the individuals (70%) with recurring concurrency 'sometimes' or 'never' used condoms with their concurrent partners. Recurring concurrency was positively associated with FSWs' income, men's caballerismo (a form of traditional masculinity) and men's belief that their FSW partners had sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Recurring concurrency, representing sustained periods of overlapping partnerships in which unprotected sex was common, should be addressed by couple-based STI prevention interventions.

Rotational Spectrum and Large Amplitude Motions of 3,4-, 2,5- and 3,5-DIMETHYL-BENZALDEHYDE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleiner, I.; Tudorie, M.; Jahn, M.; Grabow, J.-U.; Goubet, M.

2012-06-01

The microwave spectra of the 3,4-, 2,5- and 3,5-Dimethyl-Benzaldehyde (DMBA) molecules have been recorded for the first time in the 2-26.5 GHz frequency range, using the COBRA-FTMW spectrometer in Hannover, with an instrumental uncertainty of 0.5 kHz for unblended lines. The experimental assignments and fits are supplemented by ab initio quantum chemical calculations,conformational energy landscape, and dipole moment components. The analysis of the spectra for the three isomers are in progress. The latest results, including spectroscopic constants and large amplitude motion parameters, will be presented. This investigation follows the study of the spectra of the 4-Methyl-Benzaldehyde molecule. The DMBA isomers belong to a similar series of molecules formally obtained by adding a second methyl group at the aromatic ring. These molecules serve as prototype systems for the development of the theoretical model of asymmetric top molecules having Cs symmetry while containing two inequivalent methyl tops (C3v), exhibiting different barrier heights and coupling terms to methyl internal rotation. Thus, the DMBA isomers represent benchmark species for testing the two-top internal rotors BELGI program written recently. Supported by the ANR-08-BLAN-0054 contract (France), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Land Niedersachsen (Germany). H. Saal, W. Caminati, I. Kleiner, A. R. Hight-Walker, J. T. Hougen, J.-U. Grabow, to be published. M. Tudorie, I. Kleiner, J. T. Hougen, S. Melandri, L. W. Sutikdja, W. Stahl, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 269 (2011), 211-225

Triglycerides/glucose index is a useful surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents.

PubMed

Kang, B; Yang, Y; Lee, E Y; Yang, H K; Kim, H-S; Lim, S-Y; Lee, J-H; Lee, S-S; Suh, B-K; Yoon, K-H

2017-05-01

Our aim was to investigate the association between the triglycerides/glucose index (TyG index) and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the prediction of insulin resistance (IR) among adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 221 Korean adolescents (168 males and 53 females aged 9-13 years) from May to June 2014 in Chung-ju city. The TyG index was calculated as ln [triglycerides (mg dl -1 ) × fasting glucose (mg dl -1 )/2]. IR was defined using HOMA-IR >95th percentile for age and sex. In the IR group, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride levels and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) were significantly higher than that in the non-IR group. The TG index was significantly different between the IR group (n=22) and non-IR group (n=199), at 8.43±0.45 and 8.05±0.41, respectively (P<0.001). The TyG index was well correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.41; P<0.001) and showed a strong positive association with TG/HDL-C (r=0.84; P<0.001). The cut-off of the TyG index for diagnosis of insulin resistance was 8.18. The TyG index is a simple, cost-effective surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents compared with HOMA-IR.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Is Associated with Chronic Mountain Sickness in the Andean Population

PubMed Central

Espinoza, Jose R.; Alvarez, Giancarlo; León-Velarde, Fabiola; Ju Preciado, Hugo F.; Macarlupu, Jose-Luis; Rivera-Ch, Maria; Rodriguez, Jorge; Favier, Judith; Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule

2014-01-01

Abstract Espinoza, Jose R., Giancarlo Alvarez, Fabiola León-Velarde, Hugo F. Ju Preciado, Jose-Luis Macarlupu, Maria Rivera-Ch, Jorge Rodriguez, Judith Favier, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, and Jean-Paul Richalet. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is associated with chronic mountain sickness in Andean population. High Alt Med Biol. 15:146–154, 2014.—A study of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) with a candidate gene—vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)—was carried out in a Peruvian population living at high altitude in Cerro de Pasco (4380 m). The study was performed by genotyping of 11 tag SNPs encompassing 2.2 kb of region of VEGFA gene in patients with a diagnosis of CMS (n=131; 49.1±12.7 years old) and unrelated healthy controls (n=84; 47.2±13.4 years old). The VEGFA tag SNP rs3025033 was found associated with CMS (p<0.05), individuals with AG genotype have 2.5 more risk of CMS compared to those with GG genotype (p<0.02; OR, 2.54; 95% CI: 1.10–5.88). Pairwise Fst and Nei's distance indicate genetic differentiation between Cerro de Pasco population and HapMap3 population (Fst>0.36, p<0.01), suggesting selection is operating on the VEGF gene. Our results suggest that VEGFA is associated with CMS in long-term residents at high altitude in the Peruvian Andes. PMID:24971768

Quantitative assessment of Vulnerability of Forest ecosystem to Climate Change in Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byun, J.; Lee, W.; Choi, S.; Oh, S.; Climate Change Model Team

2011-12-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystem to climate change in Korea using outputs of vegetation models(HyTAG and MC1) and socio-ecological indicators. Also it suggested adaptation strategies in forest management through analysis of three vulnerability components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. For the model simulation of past years(1971-2000), the climatic data was prepared by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). In addition, for the future simulation, the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model(MM5) coupling with atmosphere-ocean circulation model(ECHO-G) provide the future climatic data under the A1B scenarios. HyTAG (Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Groups), korean model of forest distribution on a regional-scale, could show extent of sensitivity and adaptive capacity in connection with changing frequency and changing direction of vegetation. MC1 model could provide variation and direction of NPP(Net Primary Production) and SCS(Soil Carbon Storage). In addition, the sensitivity and adaptation capacity were evaluated for each. Besides indicators from models, many other indicators such as financial affairs and number of officers were included in the vulnerability components. As a result of the vulnerability assessment, south western part and Je-ju island of Korea had relatively high vulnerability. This finding is considered to come from a distinctively adaptative capacity. Using these results, we could propose actions against climate change and develop decision making systems on forest management.

Seismic stratigraphy of sedimentary cover in Amerasian Basin based on the results of Russian High Arctic expeditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poselov, Viktor; Kireev, Artem; Smirnov, Oleg; Butsenko, Viktor; Zholondz, Sergey; Savin, Vasily

2016-04-01

Neogene unit they vary within 1.8-2.7 km/s. Pre-Cenozoic part of the sedimentary cover is based on tracing major unconformities from boreholes on the Chukchi shelf (Crackerjack, Klondike, Popcorn) to the North-Chuckchi Trough and further to the Mendeleev Rise as well as to the Vilkitsky Trough and the adjacent Podvodnikov Basin. Three regional unconformities are correlated: Jurassic (JU - top of the Upper Ellesmerian unit), Lower Cretaceous (LCU) and Brookian (BU - base of the Lower Brookian unit). Above the acoustic basement the pre-Cenozoic section is mainly represented by terrigenous units. Two major unconformities: RU and pCU are allocated on all MCS lines intersecting the Mendeleev Rise along its entire extent. BU is traced nearly everywhere along the rise excepting certain acoustic basement highs. All unconformities are also traced from the Mendeleev Rise to the continental structure of the Chuckchi Borderland. Sedimentary sequence between pCU and JU which underlies deposits of the Upper Ellesmerian unit is recorded as a synrift unit of the entire area of the Podvodnikov Basin. MCS data show a natural prolongation of the sedimentary cover from the shelf to the Podvodnikov Basin without any breaks and tectonic movements. Interval velocities in the Upper Cretaceous unit (between pCU and BU) vary within 3.2-3.9 km/s, in the pre-Upper Cretaceous units (between BU and the acoustic basement) vary within 4.1-4.8 km/s.

Survival of fecal coliforms in dry-composting toilets.

PubMed

Redlinger, T; Graham, J; Corella-Barud, V; Avitia, R

2001-09-01

The dry-composting toilet, which uses neither water nor sewage infrastructure, is a practical solution in areas with inadequate sewage disposal and where water is limited. These systems are becoming increasingly popular and are promoted to sanitize human excreta and to recycle them into fertilizer for nonedible plants, yet there are few data on the safety of this technology. This study analyzed fecal coliform reduction in approximately 90 prefabricated, dry-composting toilets (Sistema Integral de Reciclamiento de Desechos Orgánicos [SIRDOs]) that were installed on the U.S.-Mexico border in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to determine fecal coliform reduction over time and the most probable method of this reduction. Biosolid waste samples were collected and analyzed at approximately 3 and 6 months and were classified based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. Results showed that class A compost (high grade) was present in only 35.8% of SIRDOs after 6 months. The primary mechanism for fecal coliform reduction was found to be desiccation rather than biodegradation. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between classification rating and percent moisture categories of the biosolid samples: drier samples had a greater proportion of class A samples. Solar exposure was critical for maximal class A biosolid end products (P = 0.001). This study only addressed fecal coliforms as an indicator organism, and further research is necessary to determine the safety of composting toilets with respect to other pathogenic microorganisms, some of which are more resistant to desiccation.

Deployable Camera (DCAM3) System for Observation of Hayabusa2 Impact Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawada, Hirotaka; Ogawa, Kazunori; Shirai, Kei; Kimura, Shinichi; Hiromori, Yuichi; Mimasu, Yuya

2017-07-01

An asteroid exploration probe "Hayabusa2", that was developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), was launched on December 3rd, 2014 to challenge complicated and accurate operations during the mission phase around the C-type asteroid 162137 Ryugu (1999 JU3) (Tsuda et al. in Acta Astron. 91:356-362, 2013). An impact experiment on a surface of the asteroid will be conducted using the Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) system, which will be the world's first artificial crater creation experiment on asteroids (Saiki et al. in Proc. International Astronautical Congress, IAC-12.A3.4.8, 2012, Acta Astron. 84:227-236, 2013a; Proc. International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 2013b). We developed a new micro Deployable CAMera (DCAM3) system for remote observations of the impact phenomenon applying our conventional DCAM technology that is one of the smallest probes in space missions and gained a great success in past Japanese mission IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun). DCAM3 is a miniaturized separable unit that contains two cameras and radio communication devices for transmission image data to the mothership "Hayabusa2", and it observes the impact experiment at an unsafe region in where the "Hayabusa2" is difficult to stay because of a risk of exploding and impacting debris hitting. In this paper, we report details of the DCAM3 system and development results as well as our mission plan for the DCAM3 observation during the SCI experiment.

Improved Survival With Integration of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

PubMed

Fleischer, Tom; Chang, Tung-Ti; Chiang, Jen-Huai; Sun, Mao-Feng; Yen, Hung-Rong

2017-06-01

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most deadly subtype of leukemia, and many patients with this disease seek other complementary therapies, one of which is Chinese medicine. We set out to provide reliable data regarding the benefit of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for AML patients, using mortality as the main outcome measure. We also characterized the herbal prescriptions of patients. Using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we performed a nationwide population-based cohort study among AML patients from 1997 to 2010. The Cox regression model was used to adjust for comorbidities and other variables, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of CHM users and non-CHM users were compared. After 1:1 matching, 498 patients were included into the study. The HR of the CHM group was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.26-0.65; P = .0001) compared with the non-CHM group. This decrease in HR was also shown to be dose dependent ( P < .001). The 3 single-herbs most commonly prescribed were Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan Shen), Astragalus membranaceus (Huang Qi), and Spatholobus suberectus (Ji Xue Teng). The 3 mutli-herb products most commonly prescribed were Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Gui Pi Tang, and Qi Ju Di Huang Wan. Prospective controlled clinical data is still needed, however, this study provides real-world data regarding the benefit AML patients may have from CHM. This study suggests that all AML patients, regardless of age or other prognostic factors, may achieve longer survival times when receiving CHM in addition to standard therapy.

The impact of indiscriminate media coverage of a celebrity suicide on a society with a high suicide rate: epidemiological findings on copycat suicides from South Korea.

PubMed

Ju Ji, Nam; Young Lee, Weon; Seok Noh, Maeng; Yip, Paul S F

2014-03-01

This study examines the extent to which the indiscriminate media coverage of the famous young actress Lee Eun-ju's suicide in 2005 affected suicides overall and in specific subgroups (by age, gender, and suicide method) in a suicide-prone society, South Korea. South Korea's 2003-2005 suicide data (n=34,237) were obtained from death certificate records of the National Statistical Office (NSO). Data was analyzed with Poisson time series auto-regression models. After adjusting for confounding factors (such as seasonal variation, calendar year, temperature, humidity, and unemployment rate), there was a significant increase in suicide (RR=1.40, 95%, CI=1.30-1.51, no. of excess mortalities=331; 95% CI=267-391) during the 4 weeks after Lee's suicide. This increase was more prominent in subgroups with similar characteristics to the celebrity. In particular, the relative risk of suicide during this period was the largest (5.24; 95% CI=3.31-8.29) in young women who used the same suicide method as the celebrity. Moreover, the incidence of these copycat suicides during the same time significantly increased in both genders and in all age subgroups among those who committed suicide using the same method as the celebrity (hanging). It is difficult to prove conclusively that the real motivation of the suicides was Lee's death. The findings from this study imply that, if the media indiscreetly reports the suicide of a celebrity in a suicide-prone society, the copycat effect can be far-reaching and very strong, particularly for vulnerable people. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

N-Glycoform Diversity of Cellobiohydrolase I from Penicillium decumbens and Synergism of Nonhydrolytic Glycoform in Cellulose Degradation*

PubMed Central

Gao, Le; Gao, Feng; Wang, Lushan; Geng, Cunliang; Chi, Lianli; Zhao, Jian; Qu, Yinbo

2012-01-01

Four cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) glycoforms, namely, CBHI-A, CBHI-B, CBHI-C, and CBHI-D, were purified from the cultured broth of Penicillium decumbens JU-A10. All glycoforms had the same amino acid sequence but displayed different characteristics and biological functions. The effects of the N-glycans of the glycoforms on CBH activity were analyzed using mass spectrum data. Longer N-glycan chains at the Asn-137 of CBHI increased CBH activity. After the N-glycans were removed using site-directed mutagenesis and homologous expression in P. decumbens, the specific CBH activity of the recombinant CBHI without N-glycosylation increased by 65% compared with the wild-type CBHI with the highest specific activity. However, the activity was not stable. Only the N-glycosylation at Asn-137 can improve CBH activity by 40%. rCBHI with N-glycosylation only at Asn-470 exhibited no enzymatic activity. CBH activity was affected whether or not the protein was glycosylated, together with the N-glycosylation site and N-glycan structure. N-Glycosylation not only affects CBH activity but may also bring a new feature to a nonhydrolytic CBHI glycoform (CBHI-A). By supplementing CBHI-A to different commercial cellulase preparations, the glucose yield of lignocellulose hydrolysis increased by >20%. After treatment with a low dose (5 mg/g substrate) of CBHI-A at 50 °C for 7 days, the hydrogen-bond intensity and crystalline degree of cotton fibers decreased by 17 and 34%, respectively. These results may provide new guidelines for cellulase engineering. PMID:22427663

NASA's asteroid redirect mission: Robotic boulder capture option

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abell, P.; Nuth, J.; Mazanek, D.; Merrill, R.; Reeves, D.; Naasz, B.

2014-07-01

NASA is examining two options for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), which will return asteroid material to a Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (LDRO) using a robotic solar-electric-propulsion spacecraft, called the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV). Once the ARV places the asteroid material into the LDRO, a piloted mission will rendezvous and dock with the ARV. After docking, astronauts will conduct two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to inspect and sample the asteroid material before returning to Earth. One option involves capturing an entire small (˜4--10 m diameter) near-Earth asteroid (NEA) inside a large inflatable bag. However, NASA is also examining another option that entails retrieving a boulder (˜1--5 m) via robotic manipulators from the surface of a larger (˜100+ m) pre-characterized NEA. The Robotic Boulder Capture (RBC) option can leverage robotic mission data to help ensure success by targeting previously (or soon to be) well-characterized NEAs. For example, the data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Hayabusa mission has been utilized to develop detailed mission designs that assess options and risks associated with proximity and surface operations. Hayabusa's target NEA, Itokawa, has been identified as a valid target and is known to possess hundreds of appropriately sized boulders on its surface. Further robotic characterization of additional NEAs (e.g., Bennu and 1999 JU_3) by NASA's OSIRIS REx and JAXA's Hayabusa 2 missions is planned to begin in 2018. This ARM option reduces mission risk and provides increased benefits for science, human exploration, resource utilization, and planetary defense.

The Effective Hamiltonian for the Ground State of 207Pb19F and New Measurements of the Fine Structure Spectrum Near 1.2 μ m.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mawhorter, Richard; Murphey, Benjamin; Baum, Alexander; Sears, Trevor J.; Yang, T. Zh.; Rupasinghe, P. M.; McRaven, C. P.; Shafer-Ray, N. E.; Alphei, Lukas D.; Grabow, Jens-Uwe.

2011-06-01

We have measured rotational transitions in the ground, X_1 ^2Π1/2, electronic state of naturally occuring isotopomers of PbF in a supersonic free jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The data for 207Pb19F is particularly interesting because it is a candidate for a future experimental e-EDM measurement. To fit the data for this species to the measurement precision, the nuclear spin-spin dipolar interaction and a second term that can be equivalently viewed as a centrifugal distortion correction to the familiar Frosch and Foley hyperfine coupling terms, or an Ω- dependent correction to the nuclear spin-rotational coupling are required, in addition to the standard terms. To characterize the higher X_2 ^2Π3/2 component of the ground state of PbF, we are attempting a direct measurement of transitions between the two components in a slit jet-cooled sample using a frequency comb-referenced extended cavity diode laser. This spectrum was originally detected in a hot source by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, but low-J transitions were unresolved at that time. Acknowledgments: Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was carried out under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Work by N. E. Shafer-Ray was performed with support from the National Science Foundatation award NSF-0855431. J.-U. Grabow ackonwledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Land Niedersachsen. K. Ziebarth, K. Setzer, O. Shestakov and E. Fink J. Molec. Spectrosc. 191, 108 1998.

Chromium chains as polydentate fluoride ligands for actinides and group IV metals.

PubMed

Leng, Ji-Dong; Kostopoulos, Andreas K; Isherwood, Liam H; Ariciu, Ana-Maria; Tuna, Floriana; Vitórica-Yrezábal, Iñigo J; Pritchard, Robin G; Whitehead, George F S; Timco, Grigore A; Mills, David P; Winpenny, Richard E P

2018-05-08

The reactions of {Cr6} horseshoe chains {[nPr2NH2]3[Cr6F11(O2CtBu)10]}2, 1 and precursors of actinides and group IV metals led to a series of ring complexes [nPr2NH2][Cr7TiF6O2(O2CtBu)16], 2, [nPr2NH2][Cr6Ti2F5O3(O2CtBu)16], 3, [Cr6ThF7(O2CtBu)15 (Me2SO)], 4, [(nPr2NH2)2(Cr6Th2F12(O2CtBu)16)], 5 and [nPr2NH2][Cr6U2O2F8(O2CtBu)16(Me2SO)], 6. X-ray structure studies indicate that the {Cr6} chains maintain their structures in these complexes, acting as polydentate fluoride ligands. Their static magnetic properties were measured and fitted by isotropic exchange Hamiltonian. In accordance with 1, the magnetic exchanges between CrIII are antiferromagnetic, while the exchange interactions can be modified by the tetravalent metals. For compound 6, ferromagnetic exchanges JCr-U and JU-U are obtained. EPR spectra of compounds 2-5 were measured at Q band and were simulated. The spectrum of 2 has the same profile as {Cr7Cd} and {Cr7Zn} rings with a ground state S = 3/2. 3, 4 and 5 give similar EPR spectra with S = 0 ground states.

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 94

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abriola, D.; Sonzogni, A.A.

Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A = 94 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. The Hager-Seltzer internal conversion coefficients are listed for gamma rays of known multipolarity. This work supersedes the 1992 evaluation by J.K. Tuli (1992Tu02). Since 1992, many articles have been published which were incorporated in this evaluation. In summary, high-spin data using large arrays of Ge detectors have beenmore » obtained for {sup 94}Kr (2000Rz02), {sup 94}Sr (1995Ha20), {sup 94}Zr (2002Fo03,2005Pa48), {sup 94}Nb (2000Ma63), {sup 94}Mo (1998Kh04), {sup 94}Tc (2000Gh01), {sup 94}Ru (1994Ju03,1994Ro08), {sup 94}Rh (1994Ar33), and {sup 94}Pd (2003Ma24). A new isomer was observed in {sup 91}999Ge01). The low-spin levels in {sup 98}Mo were systematically studied using a variety of experimental techniques (2003Fr02). Considerable effort was spent investigating the decay of {sup 94}Ag and the levels of {sup 94}Pd (2006Mu03,2005Mu15,2004BaZY,2004Pl01,2002La18), in particular, the (21+) level in {sup 94}Ag is the first level observed to undergo both single and double proton radioactivity.« less

Survival of Fecal Coliforms in Dry-Composting Toilets

PubMed Central

Redlinger, Thomas; Graham, Jay; Corella-Barud, Verónica; Avitia, Raquel

2001-01-01

The dry-composting toilet, which uses neither water nor sewage infrastructure, is a practical solution in areas with inadequate sewage disposal and where water is limited. These systems are becoming increasingly popular and are promoted to sanitize human excreta and to recycle them into fertilizer for nonedible plants, yet there are few data on the safety of this technology. This study analyzed fecal coliform reduction in approximately 90 prefabricated, dry-composting toilets (Sistema Integral de Reciclamiento de Desechos Orgánicos [SIRDOs]) that were installed on the U.S.-Mexico border in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to determine fecal coliform reduction over time and the most probable method of this reduction. Biosolid waste samples were collected and analyzed at approximately 3 and 6 months and were classified based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. Results showed that class A compost (high grade) was present in only 35.8% of SIRDOs after 6 months. The primary mechanism for fecal coliform reduction was found to be desiccation rather than biodegradation. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between classification rating and percent moisture categories of the biosolid samples: drier samples had a greater proportion of class A samples. Solar exposure was critical for maximal class A biosolid end products (P = 0.001). This study only addressed fecal coliforms as an indicator organism, and further research is necessary to determine the safety of composting toilets with respect to other pathogenic microorganisms, some of which are more resistant to desiccation. PMID:11526002

Source Energy Spectrum of the 17 May 2012 GLE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez-Peraza, Jorge; Márquez-Adame, Juan C.; Miroshnichenko, Leonty; Velasco-Herrera, Victor

2018-05-01

Among the several GLEs (ground level enhancements) that have presumptuously occurred in the period 2012-2015, the 17 May 2012 is that which is more widely accepted to be a GLE, in view of the high number of high-latitude neutron monitor stations that have registered it. In spite of the small amplitude, it was more prominent of the predicted GLE's of the present decade (Pérez-Peraza & Juárez-Zuñiga, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/803/1/27). However, the lack of latitude effect makes it difficult to study the characteristics of this event in the high-energy extreme of the spectrum. Nevertheless, several outstanding works have been able to derive observational spectra at the top of the Earth atmosphere for this peculiar GLE. Some of these works find that the flow of protons is characterized by two components. Quite a great number of works have been published in relation with observational features obtained with different instrumentation, but the source phenomena, regarding the generation processes and source physical parameters, have not been scrutinized. The main goal of this work is to look at such aspects by means of the confrontation of the different approaches of the observational spectra with our analytical theoretical spectra based on stochastic acceleration and electric field acceleration from reconnection processes. In this way, we derive a set of parameters which characterize the sources of these two GLE components, leading us to propose possible scenarios for the generation of particles in this particular GLE event.

N-Methyl Inversion in Pseudo-Pelletierine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vallejo-López, Montserrat; Ecija, Patricia; Cocinero, Emilio J.; Lesarri, Alberto; Basterretxea, Francisco J.; Fernández, José A.

2016-06-01

We have previously conducted rotational studies of several tropanes, since this bicyclic structural motif forms the core of different alkaloids of pharmaceutical interest. Now we report on the conformational properties and molecular structure of pseudo-pelletierine (9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one), probed in a jet expansion with Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. Pseudo-pelletierine is an azabicycle with two fused six-membered rings, where the N-methyl group can produce inverting axial o equatorial conformations. The two conformations were detected in the rotational spectrum, recorded in the region 6-18 GHz. Unlike tropinone and N-methylpiperidone, where the most stable conformer is equatorial, the axial species was found dominant for pseudo-pelletierine. All monosubstituted isotopic species (13C, 15N and 18O) were identified for the axial conformer, leading to an accurate determination of the effective and substitution structures. An estimation of conformational populations was derived from relative intensities. The experimental results will be compared with ab initio (MP2) and DFT (M06-2X, B3LYP) calculations. E. J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. Écija, J.-U. Grabow, J. A. Fernández, F. Castaño, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 49, 4503 P. Écija, E. J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, F. J. Basterretxea, J. A. Fernández, F. Castaño, Chem. Phys. Chem. 2013, 14, 1830 P. Écija, M. Vallejo-Lopez, I. Uriarte, F. J. Basterretxea, A. Lesarri, J. A. Fernández, E. J. Cocinero, submitted 2016

The Road to Grow, Enrich and Strength Cooperation Between Undergrad and Research Institutions in Mexico.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Domínguez, M. Á.; Perez-Campos, X.; García Vertiz, D.; Martínez, L.; Torres Sánchez, E.

2017-12-01

Earth sciences undergrad programs have rapidly increased in the past years in Mexico. To form the future generation of geoscientist it is important to involve young undergrad students into research activities so they can develop the interest in science. Several inter-institutional programs are already attending this matter within the Mexican geoscientific community. Two of them, "Verano de la Investigación Científica 2017 (Summer of Scientific Research 2017)" and "Programa Delfín, Interinstitucional para el fortalecimiento de la investigación y el posgrado del Pacífico (Dolphin Program)", applied by the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, gave the opportunity to three Geophysics Engineering students to carry out management, processing and analysis of seismic data to study the rate of seismicity over the north and south of Mexico and its relationship with the oil production industry; as well as study the seismic structure beneath a city located within a volcanic arc, in which case the study resolved a two layer model corresponding to the midcrust and the Mohorövičić discontinuities. These programs not only allowed the students to enrich and strengthen their knowledge in seismology, it also gave them an insight of the general geoscientific research activities. Furthermore, it provided the opportunity for a Ph.D. student, to take the role of a young advisor, which has helped train the student on skills needed for a future academic path, such as mentoring, assistance, encouragement and leadership.

A qualitative exploration of perceived gender differences in methamphetamine use among women who use methamphetamine on the Mexico-U.S. border.

PubMed

Loza, Oralia; Ramos, Rebeca; Ferreira-Pinto, João; Hernandez, Maria Teresa; Villalobos, Susana A

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to extend the research on contextual factors that influence the initiation and continued use of methamphetamine (meth) by women on the U.S.-Mexico border. At present, a minimal body of literature exists that explores meth use on the Mexico-U.S. border. A purposeful sample of 20 women who were active meth users aged ≥18 years was recruited by trained outreach workers from a variety of meth-user networks in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, the city bordering El Paso, Texas. Respondents participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews including questions on users' perceived familial, social, and environmental influences of meth use. Gender-based themes emerged from the analysis: (1) patterns of meth use; (2) places where drugs were used; (3) effects of relationship networks on meth use; (4) differential access to drugs; (5) trading sex for drugs; (6) perceived class differences; and (7) long-term drug use and its consequences. Respondents reported a preference for using meth as powder or pills as opposed to smoking or injecting the drug. They reported being introduced to meth by men they trust and relying on men for drug acquisition in spaces less accessible and more dangerous to women. They described how the drug changed their lifestyle and their behavior towards family members and friends, including instances of physical and psychological violence. Interventions for women on the Mexico-U.S. border should be developed based on users' social networks to target social processes to prevent initiation and to bring active meth users into treatment.

What can we Expect of High-Resolution Spectroscopies on Carbohydrates?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cocinero, Emilio J.; Ecija, Patricia; Uriarte, Iciar; Usabiaga, Imanol; Fernández, José A.; Basterretxea, Francisco J.; Lesarri, Alberto; Davis, Benjamin G.

2015-06-01

Carbohydrates are one of the most multifaceted building blocks, performing numerous roles in living organisms. We present several structural investigations on carbohydrates exploiting an experimental strategy which combines microwave (MW) and laser spectroscopies in high-resolution. Laser spectroscopy offers high sensitivity coupled to mass and conformer selectivity, making it ideal for polysaccharides studies. On the other hand, microwave spectroscopy provides much higher resolution and direct access to molecular structure of monosaccharides. This combined approach provides not only accurate chemical insight on conformation, structure and molecular properties, but also benchmarking standards guiding the development of theoretical calculations. In order to illustrate the possibilities of a combined MW-laser approach we present results on the conformational landscape and structural properties of several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides including microsolvation and molecular recognition processes of carbohydrates. E.J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. écija, F.J. Basterretxea, J.-U. Grabow, J.A. Fernández and F. Casta {n}o Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 3119-3124, 2012. E.J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. écija, Á. Cimas, B.G. Davis, F.J. Basterretxea, J.A. Fernández and F. Casta {n}o J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 2845-2852, 2013. E.J. Cocinero, P. Çarçabal, T.D. Vaden, J.P. Simons and B.G. Davis Nature 469, 76-80, 2011. C.S. Barry, E.J. Cocinero, P. Çarçabal, D.P. Gamblin, E.C. Stanca-Kaposta, S. M. Fernández-Alonso, S. Rudić, J.P. Simons and B.G. Davis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 16895-16903, 2013.

Hydrogen production by the solar-powered hybrid sulfur process: Analysis of the integration of the CSP and chemical plants in selected scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liberatore, Raffaele; Lanchi, Michela; Turchetti, Luca

2016-05-01

The Hybrid Sulfur (HyS) is a water splitting process for hydrogen production powered with high temperature nuclear heat and electric power; among the numerous thermo-chemical and thermo-electro-chemical cycles proposed in the literature, such cycle is considered to have a particularly high potential also if powered by renewable energy. SOL2HY2 (Solar to Hydrogen Hybrid Cycles) is a 3 year research project, co-funded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU). A significant part of the project activities are devoted to the analysis and optimization of the integration of the solar power plant with the chemical, hydrogen production plant. This work reports a part of the results obtained in such research activity. The analysis presented in this work builds on previous process simulations used to determine the energy requirements of the hydrogen production plant in terms of electric power, medium (<550°C) and high (>550°C) temperature heat. For the supply of medium temperature (MT) heat, a parabolic trough CSP plant using molten salts as heat transfer and storage medium is considered. A central receiver CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) plant is considered to provide high temperature (HT) heat, which is only needed for sulfuric acid decomposition. Finally, electric power is provided by a power block included in the MT solar plant and/or drawn from the grid, depending on the scenario considered. In particular, the analysis presented here focuses on the medium temperature CSP plant, possibly combined with a power block. Different scenarios were analysed by considering plants with different combinations of geographical location and sizing criteria.

Obstetric emergencies at the United States–Mexico border crossings in El Paso, Texas

PubMed Central

McDonald, Jill A.; Rishel, Karen; Escobedo, Miguel A.; Arellano, Danielle E.; Cunningham, Timothy J.

2015-01-01

Objective To describe the frequency, characteristics, and patient outcomes for women who accessed Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for obstetric emergencies at the ports of entry (POE) between El Paso, Texas, United States of America, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Methods A descriptive study of women 12–49 years of age for whom an EMS ambulance was called to an El Paso POE location from December 2008–April 2011 was conducted. Women were identified through surveillance of EMS records. EMS and emergency department (ED) records were abstracted for all women through December 2009 and for women with an obstetric emergency through April 2011. For obstetric patients admitted to the hospital, additional prenatal and birth characteristics were collected. Frequencies and proportions were estimated for each variable; differences between residents of the United States and Mexico were tested. Results During December 2008–December 2009, 47.6% (68/143) of women receiving EMS assistance at an El Paso POE had an obstetric emergency, nearly 20 times the proportion for Texas overall. During December 2008–April 2011, 60.1% (66/109) of obstetric patients with ED records were admitted to hospital and 52 gave birth before discharge. Preterm birth (23.1%; No. = 12), low birth weight (9.6%; No. = 5), birth in transit (7.7%; No. = 4), and postpartum hemorrhage (5.8%; No. = 3) were common; fewer than one-half the women (46.2%; No. = 24) had evidence of prenatal care. Conclusions The high proportion of obstetric EMS transports and high prevalence of complications in this population suggest a need for binational risk reduction efforts. PMID:25915011

Joint Use Policies: Are they related to adolescent behavior?

PubMed Central

Chriqui, Jamie; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Johnston, Lloyd

2014-01-01

Objective Joint use policies (JUP) encourage shared facility use, usually between schools and a city or private organization, for both physical activity-related and non-physical activity-related programs. Little is known about JUP’s impact on physical activity (PA). This study examined whether more specific JUPs were associated with increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents. Methods Data on PA, sports participation, and SB were taken from annual cross-sectional nationally representative samples of 51,269 8th, 10th and 12th grade public school students nested in 461 school districts in the US from 2009–2011. JUP measures were constructed using information obtained from corresponding school district JU policies. Multivariable analyses were conducted, controlling for individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and clustering at the district level. Results Results showed small associations between more specific JUPs and increased PA (IRR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02). Closer examination of specific JUP provisions indicates that specifying what times facilities are available for use was associated with vigorous exercise and prioritizing school or affiliated organizations’ use and which spaces were available for use were associated with vigorous exercise and more frequent PA participation, which includes participation in sports or athletics. No associations were found between more specific JUPs and SB. Conclusions JUPS may have small influences on adolescent physical activity behavior. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to examine the impact of JUPs in conjunction with other physical activity-related policies and environmental changes to determine what impact they have on overall adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior. PMID:25199731

Hayabusa2 Mission Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, Sei-ichiro; Tsuda, Yuichi; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Tanaka, Satoshi; Saiki, Takanao; Nakazawa, Satoru

2017-07-01

The Hayabusa2 mission journeys to C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999 JU3) to observe and explore the 900 m-sized object, as well as return samples collected from the surface layer. The Haybusa2 spacecraft developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was successfully launched on December 3, 2014 by an H-IIA launch vehicle and performed an Earth swing-by on December 3, 2015 to set it on a course toward its target Ryugu. Hayabusa2 aims at increasing our knowledge of the early history and transfer processes of the solar system through deciphering memories recorded on Ryugu, especially about the origin of water and organic materials transferred to the Earth's region. Hayabusa2 carries four remote-sensing instruments, a telescopic optical camera with seven colors (ONC-T), a laser altimeter (LIDAR), a near-infrared spectrometer covering the 3-μm absorption band (NIRS3), and a thermal infrared imager (TIR). It also has three small rovers of MINERVA-II and a small lander MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR) in cooperation with French space agency CNES. MASCOT has a wide angle imager (MasCam), a 6-band thermal radiator (MARA), a 3-axis magnetometer (MasMag), and a hyperspectral infrared microscope (MicrOmega). Further, Hayabusa2 has a sampling device (SMP), and impact experiment devices which consist of a small carry-on impactor (SCI) and a deployable camera (DCAM3). The interdisciplinary research using the data from these onboard and lander's instruments and the analyses of returned samples are the key to success of the mission.

Functional organization of human subgenual cortical areas: Relationship between architectonical segregation and connectional heterogeneity.

PubMed

Palomero-Gallagher, Nicola; Eickhoff, Simon B; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Schleicher, Axel; Mohlberg, Hartmut; Vogt, Brent A; Amunts, Katrin; Zilles, Karl

2015-07-15

Human subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is involved in affective experiences and fear processing. Functional neuroimaging studies view it as a homogeneous cortical entity. However, sACC comprises several distinct cyto- and receptorarchitectonical areas: 25, s24, s32, and the ventral portion of area 33. Thus, we hypothesized that the areas may also be connectionally and functionally distinct. We performed structural post mortem and functional in vivo analyses. We computed probabilistic maps of each area based on cytoarchitectonical analysis of ten post mortem brains. Maps, publicly available via the JuBrain atlas and the Anatomy Toolbox, were used to define seed regions of task-dependent functional connectivity profiles and quantitative functional decoding. sACC areas presented distinct co-activation patterns within widespread networks encompassing cortical and subcortical regions. They shared common functional domains related to emotion, perception and cognition. A more specific analysis of these domains revealed an association of s24 with sadness, and of s32 with fear processing. Both areas were activated during taste evaluation, and co-activated with the amygdala, a key node of the affective network. s32 co-activated with areas of the executive control network, and was associated with tasks probing cognition in which stimuli did not have an emotional component. Area 33 was activated by painful stimuli, and co-activated with areas of the sensorimotor network. These results support the concept of a connectional and functional specificity of the cyto- and receptorarchitectonically defined areas within the sACC, which can no longer be seen as a structurally and functionally homogeneous brain region. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The regulatory network of cluster-root function and development in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus) identified by transcriptome sequencing.

PubMed

Wang, Zhengrui; Straub, Daniel; Yang, Huaiyu; Kania, Angelika; Shen, Jianbo; Ludewig, Uwe; Neumann, Günter

2014-07-01

Lupinus albus serves as model plant for root-induced mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphates via the formation of cluster-roots (CRs) that mediate secretion of protons, citrate, phenolics and acid phosphatases (APases). This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind these complex adaptive responses at the transcriptome level. We compared different stages of CR development, including pre-emergent (PE), juvenile (JU) and the mature (MA) stages. The results confirmed that the primary metabolism underwent significant modifications during CR maturation, promoting the biosynthesis of organic acids, as had been deduced from physiological studies. Citrate catabolism was downregulated, associated with citrate accumulation in MA clusters. Upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway reflected the accumulation of phenolics. Specific transcript expression of ALMT and MATE transporter genes correlated with the exudation of citrate and flavonoids. The expression of transcripts related to nucleotide degradation and APases in MA clusters coincided with the re-mobilization and hydrolysis of organic phosphate resources. Most interestingly, hormone-related gene expression suggested a central role of ethylene during CR maturation. This was associated with the upregulation of the iron (Fe)-deficiency regulated network that mediates ethylene-induced expression of Fe-deficiency responses in other species. Finally, transcripts related to abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were upregulated in MA clusters, while auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes and cytokinin receptors were most strongly expressed during CR initiation. Key regulations proposed by the RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and some physiological analyses. A model for the gene network regulating CR development and function is presented. © 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

Reforms of a real estate cadastre in Poland / Reformy katastru nieruchomości w Polsce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietrzak, Ludmiła; Hopfer, Andrzej; Cegielski, Stanisław

2012-11-01

On May 7, 2010 the act dated March 4, 2010 on the spatial information infrastructure was published which transposes the European Parliament and the European Council Directive No 2007/2/WE dated March 14, 2007 established the spatial information infrastructure (INSPIRE) in the European Community. This act introduced basic changes to the binding Act, i.e. the Law of Geodesy and Cartography and, as the consequence, the demand to develop various administrative decrees occurred. The authors of the paper present the analysis of the existing conditions of the cadastre, the task of governmental and public government administration, related to demands concerning the cadastral reforms, following the act on the spatial information infrastructure and they discuss possibilities to perform such reforms at the local and national scales. W dniu 7 maja 2010 r. weszła w życie ustawa a dnia 4 marca 2012 r. o infrastrukturze informacji przestrzennej dokonująca transpozycji dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady nr 2007/3/WE ustanawiającej infrastrukturę informacji przestrzennej w Europie. Ustawa to wprowadziła zasadnicze zmiany do obowiązującej ustawy prawo geodezyjne i kartograficzne, i w konsekwencji powstała konieczność opracowania nowych rozporządzeń wykonawczych. W chwili obecnej większość rozporządzeń jest już opracowana, część jest jeszcze konsultowana z organizacjami zawodowymi geodetów. W artykule autorzy dokonują analizy stanu istniejącego, zadań administracji rządowej i samorządowej związanych z koniecznością modernizacji katastru oraz podają zakres koniecznych do przeprowadzenie reform w skali kraju oraz w skali lokalnej.

Adaptation of the South-West Wing of Collegium Chemicum of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań for Storage Facilities/ Adaptacja Południowo-Zachodniego Skrzydła Budynku Collegium Chemicum Uam W Poznaniu Na Cele Magazynowe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ścigałło, Jacek

2015-06-01

The article refers to the problems of adaptation of Collegium Chemicum facilities belonging to Adam Mickiewicz Uniwersity in Poznań to its storage needs. The subject building is situated in Grunwaldzka Street in Poznań. In the introduction part, the building and its structural solutions are described. The results of the materials research and the measurements of the used reinforcement have been presented. The structure diagnostic analyses were performed basing on measurements and research. The analysis allowed the determination of the limit loads. The results of the performed analysis of the current state turned out to be unsatisfactory, not only in terms of the planned storage load but also in terms of the current load state, as was shown by the construction analysis. W pracy przedstawiono problemy związane z adaptacją budynku dydaktycznego Collegium Chemicum przy ul. Grunwaldzkiej w Poznaniu na cele magazynowe Biblioteki Głównej UAM. Na wstępie opisano badany budynek oraz scharakteryzowano zastosowane w nim rozwiązania konstrukcyjne. Przedstawiono wyniki wykonanych badań materiałowych oraz pomiarów inwentaryzacyjnych zastosowanego zbrojenia. Na podstawie wykonanych pomiarów i badań przeprowadzono analizę diagnostyczną konstrukcji, która pozwoliła na wyznaczenie dopuszczalnych wartości obciążeń powierzchni stropowych. Wyniki wykonanej analizy konstrukcji w stanie istniejącym okazały się dalece niezadowalające nie tylko z punktu widzenia planowanych, znacznych obciążeń magazynowych. Analiza wykazała bowiem, że konstrukcja jest już znacznie przeciążona w aktualnym stanie jej obciążenia

Drying characteristics of hui ink at 25 °C and 35 °C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Yang; Yao, Yao; Liu, Le; Wang, Fengwen; Yang, Shuyun

2018-05-01

Temperature and humidity are the main factors affecting the drying of Hui ink. For the experiment, fresh Hui ink billets from two big ink industries were selected. We tried to find the fast and efficient drying conditions of Hui ink and calculate effective diffusion coefficient by performing manual control of temperature and relative humidity (RH). Several dry kinetic models were fitted. A constant temperature incubator was utilized for temperature control, while humidification and dehumidification were implemented accordingly for RH control. Setups of 25 °C and 35 °C were designed, and a relative humidity of 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% was applied for each temperature. The process of ink drying was recorded, and the drying effect of Hui ink was estimated through expert decision. The appropriate drying temperature and humidity of the Jinbuhuan(J) and Huangshansongyan(H) ink billets from Lao Hu Kai Wen Ink Industry are at (31.99 ± 1.41) °C and (55.84 ± 10.38)% RH, whereas those of the Songyantanhei(ST), Chunyouyan(CY), and Quansongyan(QS) ink billets from Ju Mo Tang Ink Industry are at (23.70 ± 2.19) °C and (60.56 ± 2.16)% RH or (34.56 ± 2.37) °C and (59.16 ± 6.38)% RH; Initial moisture content of Hui ink has great influence on the water loss in the drying process; The effective diffusion coefficient of the ink lump ranges from 8.41538E-07 to 1.95891E-06 m2·s-1, and increases mainly with the temperature's rising; Logarithmic model fits best of the chosen models.

The influence of life history trade-offs and the size of the incubation gravels on egg size variation in sockeye salmon Onchorhynchus nerka

USGS Publications Warehouse

Quinn, Thomas P.; Hendry , Andrew P.; Wetzel, Lisa A.

1995-01-01

Egg size is a critical life history trait, reflecting female investment and affecting off- spring fitness. We investigated several factors which may influence variation in egg weight for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Comparisons were based on col- lections from 18 Alaskan populations, among which adult migration distance and ju- venile rearing habitat were similar but the size composition of incubation gravels was different. Among populations, most of the variation in egg weight could be explained by a positive correlation with different measures of the size composition of incubation gravels (Pearson's r = 0.45-0.91). In contrast, egg weight was poorly correlated with female body length and with female snout length, a morphological feature used during intra-sexual competition. Within each of the Alaskan populations, however, egg weight and snout length were positively correlated with female body length and hence with each other. A positive association between snout length and egg weight was still evident even after the effects of covariance with body size were removed using resid- uals analysis: for all of the fish pooled and within 6 of the 16 populations. A signifi- cant relationship was not detected in the other populations but the trend was neverthe- less positive in 8 of the other 10. Examination of reproductive traits (gonad weight, egg weight, egg number, snout length and hump size) within another population iden- tified a trade-off between egg weight and egg number for females of a given body length. In contrast, positive correlations between reproductive traits were more com- mon, suggesting that energy-rich individuals produce large eggs and large secondary sexual characteristics rather than sacrificing one for the other.

Identification of Two Metallothioneins as Novel Inhalative Coffee Allergens Cof a 2 and Cof a 3

PubMed Central

Peters, Ulrike; Frenzel, Karsten; Brettschneider, Reinhold; Oldenburg, Marcus; Bittner, Cordula

2015-01-01

Background Dust of green coffee beans is known to be a relevant cause for occupational allergic disorders in coffee industry workers. Recently, we described the first coffee allergen (Cof a 1) establishing an allergenic potential of green coffee dust. Objective Our aim was to identify allergenic components of green coffee in order to enhance inhalative coffee allergy diagnosis. Methods A Coffea arabica pJuFo cDNA phage display library was created and screened for IgE binding with sera from allergic coffee workers. Two further coffee allergens were identified by sequence analysis, expressed in E. coli, and evaluated by Western blots. The prevalence of sensitization to recombinant Cof a 1, Cof a 2, and Cof a 3 and to commercially available extract was investigated by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) respectively CAP (capacity test) screening in 18 sera of symptomatic coffee workers. Results In addition to the previously described chitinase Cof a 1, two Coffea arabica cysteine-rich metallothioneins of 9 and 7 kDa were identified and included in the IUIS Allergen Nomenclature as Cof a 2 and Cof a 3. Serum IgE antibodies to at least one of the recombinant allergens were found in 8 out of 18 symptomatic coffee workers (44%). Only 2 of the analysed sera (11%) had reacted previously to the commercial allergy test. Conclusions In addition to the previously described Cof a 1 we have identified two further coffee proteins to be type I coffee allergens (Cof a 2 and Cof a 3) which may have a relevant potential for the specific diagnosis and/or therapy of coffee allergy. PMID:25962169

Masked syllable priming effects in word and picture naming in Chinese.

PubMed

You, Wenping; Zhang, Qingfang; Verdonschot, Rinus G

2012-01-01

Four experiments investigated the role of the syllable in Chinese spoken word production. Chen, Chen and Ferrand (2003) reported a syllable priming effect when primes and targets shared the first syllable using a masked priming paradigm in Chinese. Our Experiment 1 was a direct replication of Chen et al.'s (2003) Experiment 3 employing CV (e.g., ,/ba2.ying2/, strike camp) and CVG (e.g., ,/bai2.shou3/, white haired) syllable types. Experiment 2 tested the syllable priming effect using different syllable types: e.g., CV (,/qi4.qiu2/, balloon) and CVN (,/qing1.ting2/, dragonfly). Experiment 3 investigated this issue further using line drawings of common objects as targets that were preceded either by a CV (e.g., ,/qi3/, attempt), or a CVN (e.g., ,/qing2/, affection) prime. Experiment 4 further examined the priming effect by a comparison between CV or CVN priming and an unrelated priming condition using CV-NX (e.g., ,/mi2.ni3/, mini) and CVN-CX (e.g., ,/min2.ju1/, dwellings) as target words. These four experiments consistently found that CV targets were named faster when preceded by CV primes than when they were preceded by CVG, CVN or unrelated primes, whereas CVG or CVN targets showed the reverse pattern. These results indicate that the priming effect critically depends on the match between the structure of the prime and that of the first syllable of the target. The effect obtained in this study was consistent across different stimuli and different tasks (word and picture naming), and provides more conclusive and consistent data regarding the role of the syllable in Chinese speech production.

Thermal-infrared imager TIR on Hayabusa2: Result of ground calibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okada, T.; Fukuhara, T.; Tanaka, S.; Taguchi, M.; Arai, T.; Imamura, T.; Senshu, H.; Sekiguchi, T.; Ogawa, Y.; Demura, H.; Sakatani, N.; Horikawa, Y.; Helbert, J.; Mueller, T.; Hagermann, A.; H. TIR-Team

2014-07-01

Thermal-infrared imager TIR on Hayabusa2 will image C-class NEA (162173)1999JU3 in 8-12 micrometer band. TIR observation is not only for scientific investigation of asteroid thermo-physical properties, but also for assessment of landing site selection and safety descent operation. Hayabusa2 is the follow-on mission after Hayabusa that accomplished the first asteroid sample-return in 2010. Hayabusa2 is primarily an asteroid sample-return mission, but remote sensing of the asteroid is also essential to understand the global nature of asteroid, complementary to returned samples. Active impact experiment using SCI (Small Carry-on Impactor) and surface measurements using MASCOT lander which carries camera, NIR imaging microscope, radiator, and magnetometer, as well as hopping rover MINERVA are also planned in this mission. A thermal-infrared imager is to image the surface temperature profile and its temporal variation by asteroid rotation. TIR adopts a non- cooled bolometer array NEC 320A with 328×248 effective pixels. Its fields of view covers 16°×12° with 0.05° per pixel. The image can be taken at 60 Hz, and summation onboard can be set from 1 to 128 to improve signal-to-background ratio. The imaging is interlaced with the shutter open and close. The subtraction of shutter-close image (bias data) from shutter-open image (biased image) produces the realistic thermal images. To improve more accurate data in radiation intensity, those realistic thermal images can be summed by onboard software. Data compression is also conducted by onboard software[1]. TIR is based on LIR on Akatsuki Venus climate orbiter [2]. We know something about C-type meteorites but little about C-class asteroids. We know little about asteroid 1999JU3 but it is considered as something like low-dense and huge-cratered as asteroid 253 Mathilde, or like rubble-piled, sedimented small asteroid 25143 Itokawa. To investigate the nature of asteroid and its formation processes, thermo

An experimental study on low-velocity low-gravity collisions into granular surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sunday, C.; Murdoch, N.; Mimoun, D.

2014-07-01

The Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) is scheduled to launch the asteroid sample-return mission, Hayabusa-2, to target body 1999 JU_3 in December 2014 [1]. The spacecraft will arrive at the C-type near-Earth asteroid in mid-2018 and deploy several science payloads to its surface. Among these payloads is a 10-kg lander, the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT), provided by the German Space Agency (DLR) with cooperation from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). MASCOT will reach the asteroid's surface with an anticipated impact speed of 10--20 cm/s. In addition to housing four instruments for in-situ science investigation, MASCOT contains a mobility mechanism that will correct its orientation and enable it to ''hop'' to various measurement sites [2]. Based on thermal infrared observations [3,4,5] and previous space missions [6,7], it is strongly believed that 1999 JU_3 is covered by loose regolith. The asteroid's granular surface, in combination with the low surface gravity, makes it difficult to predict the lander's collision behavior from existing theoretical models. However, to ensure that MASCOT can successfully fulfill its mission, it is vital to understand the rebound dynamics of the lander in the asteroid surface environment. The objective of this work, derived from the needs of current and future asteroid missions, is to present an experiment designed to study low-velocity, low-gravity collisions into granular surfaces. The experiment measures the amount of energy lost during impact via a projectile's coefficient of restitution and also the acceleration profile of the projectile during collision. The key challenge to designing an asteroid collision experiment is finding a way to simulate reduced gravity conditions on the Earth so that the prevailing forces in micro-gravity collisions can be reflected in the experimental results. The proposed way to achieve this goal is to let a free-falling projectile impact a surface with a constant downward

Cartographic sign as a core of multimedia map prepared by non-cartographers in free map services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medyńska-Gulij, Beata

2014-06-01

The fundamental importance of cartographic signs in traditional maps is unquestionable, although in the case of multimedia maps their key function is not so obvious. Our aim was to search the problem of cartographic signs as a core of multimedia maps prepared by non-cartographer in on-line Map Services. First, preestablished rules for multimedia map designers were prepared emphasizing the key role of the cartographic signs and habits of Web-users. The comparison of projects completed by a group of designers led us to the general conclusion that a cartographic sign should determine the design of a multimedia map in on-line Map Services. Despite the selection of five different map topics, one may list the general characteristics of the maps with a cartographic sign in the core. Fundamentalne znaczenie znaków kartograficznych na tradycyjnej mapie nie budzi wątpliwości, jednak w przypadku multimedialnej mapy ich kluczowa funkcja nie jest już tak oczywista. W tych badaniach podjęto problem znaczenia znaku kartograficznego jako spoiwa mapy multimedialnej opracowanej przez nie-kartografa w darmowych serwisach mapowych. Zadaniem dla projektujących mapy stało się opracowanie mapy multimedialnej według ustalonych wstępnie zasad, w której kluczową rolę odgrywały znaki kartograficzne oraz przyzwyczajenia użytkowników Internetu. Porównanie wypełnionych arkuszy zadań przez uczestników badań skłania do wyciągnięcia generalnego wniosku, że znak kartograficzny powinien determinować projektowanie multimedialnej mapy w serwisach mapowych on-line. Pomimo opracowania pięciu różnych tematów map, można wymienić ogólne charakterystyki map, w których znak kartograficzny jest spoiwem.

Results from Dealing with Rock and Gas Outburst Prevention in The Czech Republic / Efekty Działań Mających Na Celu Zapobieganie Wybuchom Skał I Gazu, Podejmowanych W Republice Czeskiej

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hudeček, Vlastimil; Zapletal, Pavel; Stoniš, Milan; Sojka, Radislav

2013-09-01

In the Czech Republic, the prevention of rock and gas outbursts is carried out in the course of driving mine workings in seams and in sandstone and conglomerate beds classified into a category with the highest degree of rock and gas outburst hazard. It is a case of active methods that aim at prevention of rock and gas outbursts by creating a protection zone in front of and in sides of mine workings being driven and passive methods that mitigate the effects of outbursts (Hudeček et al., 2009, 2010). In this article, authors present recommendations and proposals for changes in rock and gas outburst prevention. These proposed changes should reflect in increased efficiency in coping with this anomalous geomechanical events. Działania w celu zapobiegania wybuchom skał i gazów w Republice czeskiej podejmowane są już na etapie drążenia wyrobisk w złożach oraz w piaskowcach oraz w pokładach zlepieńców sklasyfikowanych jako lokalizacje o najwyższym stopniu zagrożenia wybuchami skał i gazów. W tym przypadku mamy do dyspozycji metody aktywne, których celem jest zapobieżenie wybuchom skał i gazów poprzez stworzenie strefy ochronnej w części czołowej i bocznych częściach wyrobiska oraz metody bierne, mające na celu złagodzenie skutków wybuchu (Hudecek et al., 2009, 2010). W artykule autor rekomenduje i zaleca dokonanie pewnych zmian w systemie zapobiegania wybuchom skał i gazów. Proponowane zmiany skutkować powinny zwiększoną skutecznością działania w przypadku wystąpienia zjawisk geomechanicznych uznawanych za anomalie.

Sensitivity analysis for parametric generalized implicit quasi-variational-like inclusions involving P-[eta]-accretive mappings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazmi, K. R.; Khan, F. A.

2008-01-01

In this paper, using proximal-point mapping technique of P-[eta]-accretive mapping and the property of the fixed-point set of set-valued contractive mappings, we study the behavior and sensitivity analysis of the solution set of a parametric generalized implicit quasi-variational-like inclusion involving P-[eta]-accretive mapping in real uniformly smooth Banach space. Further, under suitable conditions, we discuss the Lipschitz continuity of the solution set with respect to the parameter. The technique and results presented in this paper can be viewed as extension of the techniques and corresponding results given in [R.P. Agarwal, Y.-J. Cho, N.-J. Huang, Sensitivity analysis for strongly nonlinear quasi-variational inclusions, Appl. MathE Lett. 13 (2002) 19-24; S. Dafermos, Sensitivity analysis in variational inequalities, Math. Oper. Res. 13 (1988) 421-434; X.-P. Ding, Sensitivity analysis for generalized nonlinear implicit quasi-variational inclusions, Appl. Math. Lett. 17 (2) (2004) 225-235; X.-P. Ding, Parametric completely generalized mixed implicit quasi-variational inclusions involving h-maximal monotone mappings, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 182 (2) (2005) 252-269; X.-P. Ding, C.L. Luo, On parametric generalized quasi-variational inequalities, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 100 (1999) 195-205; Z. Liu, L. Debnath, S.M. Kang, J.S. Ume, Sensitivity analysis for parametric completely generalized nonlinear implicit quasi-variational inclusions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 277 (1) (2003) 142-154; R.N. Mukherjee, H.L. Verma, Sensitivity analysis of generalized variational inequalities, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 167 (1992) 299-304; M.A. Noor, Sensitivity analysis framework for general quasi-variational inclusions, Comput. Math. Appl. 44 (2002) 1175-1181; M.A. Noor, Sensitivity analysis for quasivariational inclusions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 236 (1999) 290-299; J.Y. Park, J.U. Jeong, Parametric generalized mixed variational inequalities, Appl. Math. Lett. 17 (2004) 43-48].

[Comparison of the diagnostic utility from visual inspection with acetic acid and cervical cytology].

PubMed

Velázquez-Hernández, Nadia; Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco; Lares-Bayona, Edgar Felipe; Cisneros-Pérez, Vicente; Milla-Villeda, Reinaldo Humberto; Arreola-Herrera, Francisco de Asís; Navarrete-Flores, José Antonio; Aguilar-Durán, Maricela; Núñez-Márquez, Teresita; Rueda-Cisneros, Dora Alicia

2010-05-01

In Mexico, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women after breast cancer. The human papillomavirus is associated with intraepithelial lesions, detected up to 99.7% of cervical carcinomas. Despite being easy to detect is a condition that many women suffer. To determine the diagnostic utility of the visual inspection with acetic acid of the uterine cervix compared with the cervical cytology. Study of diagnostic tests. The study was realized in the Centro de Atención Materno Infantil y Planificación Familiar of the Instituto de Investigación Científica, Durango, Mexico, research of the Juárez University of the State of Durango, from August 23, 2005 to November 13, 2006. 1,521 participants were examined who went consecutively to opportune detection of cervical cancer. One doctor practiced the test of acetic acid and cervical cytology to them, and one digital photograph, which was evaluated by three inter-observers triple blind. Those that was positive to anyone of these tests, were remitted to colposcopy and/or biopsy; also to 10% of selected negative population randomly was realized this procedure. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and exactitude were determined. For the agreement inter-observer index of Kappa was used. Sensitivity, specificity, values predictive positive, negative and exactitude for the visual inspection with acetic acid were 20, 97, 5 and 99%, respectively. For the cervical cytology were of 80, 99, 57 and 99%, respectively. The force of agreement between the interobservant was poor. In this study cervical cytology was more useful than visual inspection with acetic acid to detect dysplasias or cervical cancer opportunely, due to detect all the positive true cases confirmed by biopsy.

[Not Available].

PubMed

Arellano Ortiz, Ana Lidia; Jiménez Vega, Florinda; Díaz Hernández, Cecilia; Salcedo Vargas, Muricio; De la Mora Covarrubias, Antonio; López Díaz, José Alberto; Vargas Requena, Claudia Lucía; Cassís Nosthas, María Lorena

2016-07-19

Introducción: las lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas (LIE) son un estado de transición hacia el cáncer cervicouterino (CaCu) y un déficit de micronutrientes puede acelerar este proceso. Por ello, determinar la existencia de este déficit y conocer qué factores se asocian permitiría una posible prevención en esta población de riesgo.Objetivo: determinar la presencia de alguna deficiencia de micronutrientes involucrados en el proceso anticancerígeno y asociar este déficit con hábitos y factores demográficos en pacientes con LIE de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México.Métodos:en un estudio transversal analítico fueron seleccionadas 102 pacientes con LIE. Se realizó una encuesta dietaría (recordatorio de 24 horas) para estimar la ingesta de micronutrientes. La deficiencia fue determinada con un consumo < 75% de la ingesta diaria recomendada o sugerida (IDR o IDS) en México. Algunos hábitos y factores demográficos fueron obtenidos mediante la entrevista con la paciente. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para asociar la presencia de deficiencia con factores que afectan a la ingesta o incrementan el requerimiento de micronutrientes.Resultados:el retinol, ácido fólico, zinc, vitaminas C y E, considerados como micronutrientes en el proceso anticancerígeno del CaCu, se encontraron por debajo del 75% de la IDR. Aquellas mujeres con sobrepeso, obesidad y amas de casa se asociaron significativamente con la deficiencia de micronutrientes.Conclusión: el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la ocupación han sido asociados para presentar deficiencias de micronutrientes en este estudio. Estas variables convergen en una posible inseguridad alimentaria, la cual podría asociarse al incremento de incidencia de CaCu en México.

Retrieval of Urban Boundary Layer Structures from Doppler Lidar Data. Part I: Accuracy Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xia, Quanxin; Lin, Ching Long; Calhoun, Ron

2008-01-01

Two coherent Doppler lidars from the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Arizona State University (ASU) were deployed in the Joint Urban 2003 atmospheric dispersion field experiment (JU2003) held in Oklahoma City. The dual lidar data are used to evaluate the accuracy of the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) method and identify the coherent flow structures in the urban boundary layer. The objectives of the study are three-fold. The first objective is to examine the effect of eddy viscosity models on the quality of retrieved velocity data. The second objective is to determine the fidelity of single-lidar 4DVAR and evaluatemore » the difference between single- and dual-lidar retrievals. The third objective is to correlate the retrieved flow structures with the ground building data. It is found that the approach of treating eddy viscosity as part of control variables yields better results than the approach of prescribing viscosity. The ARL single-lidar 4DVAR is able to retrieve radial velocity fields with an accuracy of 98% in the along-beam direction and 80-90% in the cross-beam direction. For the dual-lidar 4DVAR, the accuracy of retrieved radial velocity in the ARL cross-beam direction improves to 90-94%. By using the dual-lidar retrieved data as a reference, the single-lidar 4DVAR is able to recover fluctuating velocity fields with 70-80% accuracy in the along-beam direction and 60-70% accuracy in the cross-beam direction. Large-scale convective roll structures are found in the vicinity of downtown airpark and parks. Vortical structures are identified near the business district. Strong updrafts and downdrafts are also found above a cluster of restaurants.« less

Intercomparison of General Circulation Models for Hot Extrasolar Planet Atmospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, James

2013-11-01

In this collaborative work with I. Polichtchouk, C. Watkins, H. Th. Thrastarson, O. M. Umurhan, and M. de la Torre-Juárez, we compare five general circulation models (GCMs) which have been recently used to study hot extrasolar planet atmospheres (BOB, CAM, IGCM, MITgcm, and PEQMOD), under three test cases useful for assessing model convergence and accuracy. Such a broad, detailed intercomparison has not been performed thus far for extrasolar planets study. The models considered all solve the traditional primitive equations, but employ different numerical algorithms or grids (e.g., pseudospectral and finite volume, with the latter separately in longitude-latitude and ``cubed-sphere'' grids). The test cases are chosen to cleanly address specific aspects of the behaviors typically reported in hot extrasolar planet simulations: 1) steady-state, 2) nonlinearly evolving baroclinic wave, and 3) response to fast timescale thermal relaxation. When initialized with a steady jet, all models maintain the steadiness, as they should--except MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid. A very good agreement is obtained for a baroclinic wave evolving from an initial instability in spectral models (only). However, exact numerical convergence is still not achieved across the spectral models: amplitudes and phases are observably different. When subject to a typical ``hot-Jupiter''-like forcing, all five models show quantitatively different behavior--although qualitatively similar, time-variable, quadrupole-dominated flows are produced. Hence, as have been advocated in several past studies, specific quantitative predictions (such as the location of large vortices and hot regions) by GCMs should be viewed with caution. Overall, in the tests considered here, spectral models in pressure coordinate (PEBOB and PEQMOD) perform the best and MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid performs the worst. This work has been supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, Westfield Small Grant, NASA Postdoctoral

Gravity and magnetic survey of the Oaxaca city region: Cenozoic horst-and-graben structure superimposed on the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary, southern Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos-Enríquez, J. O.; Belmonte-Jiménez, S. I.; Keppie, J. D.; Ortega-Gutiérrez, F.; Arzate, J. A.; Martínez-Silva, J.; Martínez-Serrano, R. G.

2010-04-01

A geophysical survey of the Oaxaca Fault along the north-trending Etla and Zaachila valleys area, southern Mexico, shows a series of NNW-SSE Bouguer and magnetic anomalies with steeper gradients towards the east. The Oaxaca Fault represents Tertiary extensional reactivation of the Juarez shear zone that constitutes the boundary between the Oaxaca and Juárez terranes. Cooperative interpretation of six combined gravity and magnetic NE-SW profiles perpendicular to the valleys indicates the presence of a composite depression comprising three N-S sub-basins: the northern Etla and southern Zaachila sub-basins separated by the Atzompa sub-basin. The Etla sub-basin is bounded by the moderately E-dipping, Etla Fault and the more steeply W-dipping Oaxaca Fault, which together constitute a graben that continues southwards into the Atzompa graben. The deeper Zaachila sub-basin, south of Oaxaca city, is a wide V-shaped graben with a horst in the middle. The new geophysical data suggest that the Oaxaca-Juarez terrane boundary is displaced sinistrally ca. 20 km along the E-W Donají Fault, which defines the northern boundary of the Zaachila sub-basin. On the other hand, the Oaxaca Fault may either continue unbroken southwards along the western margin of the horst in the Zaachila sub-basin or be offset along with the terrane boundary. The sinistral movement may have taken place either during the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic, Laramide Orogeny as a lateral ramp in the thrust plane or under Miocene-Pliocene, NE-SW extension. The former suggests that the Donají Fault is a transcurrent fault, whereas the latter implies that it is a transfer fault. The models imply that originally the suture was continuous south of the Donaji Fault and provide a constraint for the accretion of the Oaxaca and Juarez terranes.

Deep Conservation of Genes Required for Both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans Sleep Includes a Role for Dopaminergic Signaling

PubMed Central

Singh, Komudi; Ju, Jennifer Y.; Walsh, Melissa B.; DiIorio, Michael A.; Hart, Anne C.

2014-01-01

Objectives: Cross-species conservation of sleep-like behaviors predicts the presence of conserved molecular mechanisms underlying sleep. However, limited experimental evidence of conservation exists. Here, this prediction is tested directly. Measurements and Results: During lethargus, Caenorhabditis elegans spontaneously sleep in short bouts that are interspersed with bouts of spontaneous locomotion. We identified 26 genes required for Drosophila melanogaster sleep. Twenty orthologous C. elegans genes were selected based on similarity. Their effect on C. elegans sleep and arousal during the last larval lethargus was assessed. The 20 most similar genes altered both the quantity of sleep and arousal thresholds. In 18 cases, the direction of change was concordant with Drosophila studies published previously. Additionally, we delineated a conserved genetic pathway by which dopamine regulates sleep and arousal. In C. elegans neurons, G-alpha S, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A act downstream of D1 dopamine receptors to regulate these behaviors. Finally, a quantitative analysis of genes examined herein revealed that C. elegans arousal thresholds were directly correlated with amount of sleep during lethargus. However, bout duration varies little and was not correlated with arousal thresholds. Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis presented here suggests that conserved genes and pathways are required for sleep in invertebrates and, likely, across the entire animal kingdom. The genetic pathway delineated in this study implicates G-alpha S and previously known genes downstream of dopamine signaling in sleep. Quantitative analysis of various components of quiescence suggests that interdependent or identical cellular and molecular mechanisms are likely to regulate both arousal and sleep entry. Citation: Singh K, Ju JY, Walsh MB, Dilorio MA, Hart AC. Deep conservation of genes required for both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans sleep includes a role for

Conformational Study of DNA Sugars: from the Gas Phase to Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uriarte, Iciar; Vallejo-López, Montserrat; Cocinero, Emilio J.; Corzana, Francisco; Davis, Benjamin G.

2017-06-01

Sugars are versatile molecules that play a variety of roles in the organism. For example, they are important in energy storage processes or as structural scaffolds. Here, we focus on the monosaccharide present in DNA by addressing the conformational and puckering properties in the gas phase of α- and β-methyl-2-deoxy-ribofuranoside and α- and β-methyl-2-deoxy-ribopiranoside. Other sugars have been previously studied in the gas phase The work presented here stems from a combination of chemical synthesis, ultrafast vaporization methods, supersonic expansions, microwave spectroscopy (both chirped-pulsed and Balle-Flygare cavity-based spectrometers) and NMR spectroscopy. Previous studies in the gas phase had been performed on 2-deoxyribose, but only piranose forms were detected. However, thanks to the combination of these techniques, we have isolated and characterized for the first time the conformational landscape of the sugar present in DNA in its biologically relevant furanose form. Our gas phase study serves as a probe of the conformational preferences of these biomolecules under isolation conditions. Thanks to the NMR experiments, we can characterize the favored conformations in solution and extract the role of the solvent in the structure and puckering of the monosaccharides. E. J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. Écija, F. J. Basterretxea, J.-U. Grabow, J. A. Fernández, F. Castaño, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2012, 51, 3119. P. Écija, I. Uriarte, L. Spada, B. G. Davis, W. Caminati, F. J. Basterretxea, A. Lesarri, E. J. Cocinero, Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 6241. I. Peña, E. J. Cocinero, C. Cabezas, A. Lesarri, S. Mata, P. Écija, A. M. Daly, Á. Cimas, C. Bermúdez, F. J. Basterretxea, S. Blanco, J. A. Fernández, J. C. López, F. Castaño, J. L. Alonso, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2013, 52, 11840.

Variation of rabbit sperm physiologic parameters after the X-ray exposure.

PubMed

Klepko, A V; Gorban, L V; Motryna, O A; Kondratova, Y A; Chernyshov, A V; Andreychenko, S V

2013-01-01

To study the impact of X-irradiation on the morpho-functional characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa and the contents of fructose, L-carnitine, α-tocopherol, ascorbate and citrate in the animal sperm. The total body irradiation of rabbits (Soviet Shinchilla) was performed at the RUM-17 device in the dose range of 1.0-7.0 Gy with 2.8·10-3 Gy/sec intensity. The animal sperm was collected by the artificial vagina and then separated on seminal plasma and spermatozoa through centrifugation. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology and linear velocity were identified using the "MBI-6" light microscope. The quantitative determination of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and L-carnitine in seminal plasma was made on the "Agilent 1200" liquid chromatograph, while the concentration of fructose and citrate was measured on a spectrophotometer. The X-ray irradiation was shown to cause a dose-dependent suppressing effect on the prostate, seminal vesicles and epididymices expresed through the decreased content of fructose, citrate, L-carnitine, α-tocopherol and ascorbate in a rabbit sperm. Simultaneously the exacerbation of morphologic anomalies (damage of acrosomes, heads and tails) in spermatozoa along with spermatozoid motility and linear velocity decrease were elucidated. The run-time pattern of morpho-functional changes in spermatozoa together with component content of rabbit sperm in response to the total body irradiation was studied. Consequently the dose dependent raise of morphologic anomalies (damage of acrosomes, heads and tails) in spermatozoa and the slowing of spermatozoid linear velocity was found out. The sperm capacity to fulfill the post-radiation recovery was proven up. The effectiveness of the latter was shown to be dependent upon the radiation dose absorbed and the duration of post-irradiation period. Klepko A. V., Gorban L. V., Motryna O. A., Kondratova Ju. A., Chernyshov A. V., Andrejchenko S. V., 2013.

On the effect of emergence angle on emissivity spectra: application to small bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maturilli, Alessandro; Helbert, Jörn; Ferrari, Sabrina; D'Amore, Mario

2016-05-01

Dependence of laboratory-measured emissivity spectra from the emergence angle is a subject that still needs a lot of investigations to be fully understood. Most of the previous work is based on reflectance measurements in the VIS-NIR spectral region and on emissivity measurements of flat, solid surfaces (mainly metals), which are not directly applicable to the analysis of remote sensing data. Small bodies in particular (c.f. asteroids Itokawa and 1999JU3, the respective targets of JAXA Hayabusa and Hayabusa 2 missions) have a very irregular surface; hence, the spectra from those rough surfaces are difficult to compare with laboratory spectra, where the observing geometry is always close to "nadir." At the Planetary Emissivity Laboratory of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), we have set up a series of spectral measurements to investigate this problem in the 1- to 16-µm spectral region. We measured the emissivity for two asteroid analogue materials (meteorite Millbillillie and a synthetic enstatite) in vacuum and under purged air, at surface temperature of 100 °C, for emergence angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, and 60°. Emissivity of a serpentinite slab, already used as calibration target for the MARA instrument on Hayabusa 2 MASCOT lander and for the thermal infrared imager spectrometer on Hayabusa 2 orbiter, was measured under the same conditions. Additionally, a second basalt slab was measured. Both slabs were not measured at 5° inclination. Complementary reflectance measurements of the four samples were taken. For all the samples measured, we found that for calibrated emissivity, significant variations from values obtained at nadir (0° emergence angle) appear only for emergence angles ≥40°. Reflectance measurements confirmed this finding, showing the same trend of variations.

Directional emissivity and reflectance: dependence on emergence angle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maturilli, Alessandro; Helbert, Jörn

2017-04-01

Dependence of laboratory measured emissivity spectra from the emergence angle is a subject that still needs a lot of investigations to be fully understood. Most of the previous work is based on reflectance measurements in the VIS-NIR spectral region and on emissivity measurements of flat, solid surfaces (mainly metals), which are not directly applicable to the analysis of remote sensing data. Small bodies in particular (c.f. asteroids Itokawa and 1999JU3, the respective targets of JAXA Hayabusa and Hayabusa 2 missions) have a very irregular surface; hence the spectra from those rough surfaces are difficult to compare with laboratory spectra, where the observing geometry is always close to "nadir". At the Planetary Emissivity Laboratory (PEL) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) we have set-up a series of spectral measurements to investigate this problem in the 1 - 16 µm spectral region. We measured the emissivity for two asteroid analog materials (meteorite Millbillillie and a synthetic enstatite) in vacuum and under purged air, at surface temperature of 100°C, for emergence angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, and 60°. Emissivity of a serpentinite slab, already used as calibration target for the MARA instrument on Hayabusa 2 MASCOT lander, and for the Thermal Infrared Imager (TIR) spectrometer on Hayabusa 2 orbiter was measured under the same conditions. Additionally a second basalt slab was measured. Both slabs were not measured at 5° inclination. Complementary reflectance measurements of the four samples were taken. For all the samples measured, we found that for calibrated emissivity, significant variations from values obtained at nadir (0° emergence angle) appear only for emergence angles ≥ 40°. Reflectance measurements confirmed this finding, showing the same trend of variations.

System Configuration and Operation Plan of Hayabusa2 DCAM3-D Camera System for Scientific Observation During SCI Impact Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogawa, Kazunori; Shirai, Kei; Sawada, Hirotaka; Arakawa, Masahiko; Honda, Rie; Wada, Koji; Ishibashi, Ko; Iijima, Yu-ichi; Sakatani, Naoya; Nakazawa, Satoru; Hayakawa, Hajime

2017-07-01

An artificial impact experiment is scheduled for 2018-2019 in which an impactor will collide with asteroid 162137 Ryugu (1999 JU3) during the asteroid rendezvous phase of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. The small carry-on impactor (SCI) will shoot a 2-kg projectile at 2 km/s to create a crater 1-10 m in diameter with an expected subsequent ejecta curtain of a 100-m scale on an ideal sandy surface. A miniaturized deployable camera (DCAM3) unit will separate from the spacecraft at about 1 km from impact, and simultaneously conduct optical observations of the experiment. We designed and developed a camera system (DCAM3-D) in the DCAM3, specialized for scientific observations of impact phenomenon, in order to clarify the subsurface structure, construct theories of impact applicable in a microgravity environment, and identify the impact point on the asteroid. The DCAM3-D system consists of a miniaturized camera with a wide-angle and high-focusing performance, high-speed radio communication devices, and control units with large data storage on both the DCAM3 unit and the spacecraft. These components were successfully developed under severe constraints of size, mass and power, and the whole DCAM3-D system has passed all tests verifying functions, performance, and environmental tolerance. Results indicated sufficient potential to conduct the scientific observations during the SCI impact experiment. An operation plan was carefully considered along with the configuration and a time schedule of the impact experiment, and pre-programed into the control unit before the launch. In this paper, we describe details of the system design concept, specifications, and the operating plan of the DCAM3-D system, focusing on the feasibility of scientific observations.

Mineralogical characterization of diamonds from Roosevelt Indigenous Reserve, Brazil, using non-destructive methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borges, M. P. A. C.; Moura, M. A.; Lenharo, S. L. R.; Smith, C. B.; Araujo, D. P.

2016-11-01

In this study, 660 diamonds from Igarapé Lajes Diggings (Roosevelt and Aripuanã Park indigenous areas), in Amazonian craton, Rondônia State, Brazil, were investigated. Their morphological, optical and surface characteristics were described using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated a predominance of resorbed crystals with many surface corrosion features, generally colorless, and led to the identification of four distinct groups: G1, G2, G3 and G4. Group G1 presents features of secondary sources while G2 and G4 show only primary features, some of which are not described in literature. Group G3 is similar to the other groups, however, is composed of less resorbed specimens with primary octahedral morphology relatively well preserved, indicating shorter time of exposure to dissolution effects. Cathodoluminescence in G2 is attributed to features of plastic deformation and to low contents of nitrogen (< 100 ppm, Type II) and high aggregation (IaB). G4 shows homogeneous blue CL, high contents of nitrogen (700 to 1000 ppm) and intermediate aggregation (IaAB). G1 presents luminescence influenced by radiation effects and populations with N contents and aggregation in the same ranges of G2 and G4, suggesting that the primary sources of the three groups can be the same. The relationship of nitrogen content versus aggregation state indicates higher temperatures of formation for G2 and lower for G4. The obtained data suggests that diamonds of G2 originated in sublithospheric mantle as has also been reported in nearby deposits (Machado River and Juína). The employed techniques were also effective in distinguishing diamonds from Roosevelt Reserve and from other localities, indicating that they could be used for improvement of certification procedures of diamonds of unknown origin.

PRIMitive Asteroids Spectroscopic Survey - PRIMASS: First Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Leon, Julia; Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi; Campins, Humberto; Lorenzi, Vania; Licandro, Javier; Morate, David; Tanga, Paolo; Cellino, Alberto; Delbo, Marco

2015-11-01

NASA OSIRIS-REx and JAXA Hayabusa 2 sample-return missions have targeted two near-Earth asteroids: (101955) Bennu and (162173) 1999 JU3, respectively. These are primitive asteroids that are believed to originate in the inner belt, where five distinct sources have been identified: four primitive collisional families (Polana, Erigone, Sulamitis, and Clarissa), and a population of low-albedo and low-inclination background asteroids. Identifying and characterizing the populations from which these two NEAs might originate will enchance the science return of the two missions.With this main objective in mind, we initiated in 2010 a spectroscopic survey in the visible and the near-infrared to characterize the primitive collisional families in the inner belt and the low-albedo background population. This is the PRIMitive Asteroids Spectroscopic Survey - PRIMASS. So far we have obtained more than 200 spectra using telescopes located at different observatories. PRIMASS uses a variety of ground based facilities. Most of the spectra have been obtained using the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), and the 3.6m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), both located at the El Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain), and the 3.0m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea (Hawai, USA).We present the first results from our on-going survey (de Leon et al. 2015; Pinilla-Alonso et al. 2015; Morate et al. 2015), focused on the Polana and the Erigone primitive families, with visible and near-infrared spectra of more than 200 objects, most of them with no previous spectroscopic data. Our survey is already the largest database of primitive asteroids spectra, and we keep obtaining data on the Sulamitis and the Clarissa families, as well as on the background low-albedo population.

Reduction of net primary productivity in southern China caused by abnormal low-temperature freezing in winter of 2008 detected by a remote sensing-driven ecosystem model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ju, W.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, G.

2011-12-01

Terrestrial carbon cycle is an important determinant of global climate change and affected by various factors, including climate, CO2 concentration, atmospheric nitrogen deposition and human activities. Extreme weather events can significantly regulate short-term even long-term carbon exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. During the period from the middle January to the middle February 2008, Southern China was seriously hit by abnormal low-temperature freezing, which caused serous damages to forests and crops. However, the reduction of net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems caused by this extremely abnormal weather event has not been quantitatively investigated. In this study, the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model was employed to assess the reduction of NPP in Southern China caused by the abnormal low-temperature freezing. Prior to the regional simulation, the BEPS model was validated using measured NPP in different ecosystems, demonstrating the ability of this model to simulate NPP reliably in China. Then, it was forced using meteorological data interpolated from observations of weather stations and leaf area index inversed from MODIS reflectance data to simulate national wide NPP at a 500 m resolution for the period from 2003 to 2008. The departures of NPP in 2008 from the means during 2003-2007 were used as the indicator of NPP reduction caused by the low-temperature freezing. It was found out that NPP in 2008 decreased significantly in forests of Southern China, especially in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Hunan Provinces, in which the low-temperature freeing was more serious. The annul reduction of NPP was above 150 g C/m^2/yr in these areas. Key words: Net Primary Productivity, low-temperature freezing, BEPS model, MODIS Correspondence author: Weimin Ju Email:juweimin@nju.edu.cn

Contributors to ozone episodes in three US/Mexico border twin-cities.

PubMed

Shi, Chune; Fernando, H J S; Yang, Jie

2009-09-01

The Process Analysis tools of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system together with back-trajectory analysis were used to assess potential contributors to ozone episodes that occurred during June 1-4, 2006, in three populated U.S.-Mexico border twin cities: San Diego/Tijuana, Imperial/Mexicali and El Paso/Ciudad Juárez. Validation of CMAQ output against surface ozone measurements indicates that the predictions are acceptable with regard to commonly recommended statistical standards and comparable to other reported studies. The mean normalized bias test (MNBT) and mean normalized gross error (MNGE) for hourly ozone fall well within the US EPA suggested range of +/-15% and 35%, respectively, except MNBT for El Paso. The MNBTs for maximum 8-h average ozone are larger than those for hourly ozone, but all the simulated maximum 8-h average ozone are within a factor of 2 of those measured in all three regions. The process and back-trajectory analyses indicate that the main sources of daytime ground-level ozone are the local photochemical production and regional transport. By integrating the effects of each process over the depth of the daytime planetary boundary layer (PBL), it is found that in the San Diego area (SD), chemistry and vertical advection contributed about 36%/48% and 64%/52% for June 2 and 3, respectively. This confirms the previous finding that high-altitude regional transport followed by fumigation contributes significantly to ozone in SD. The back-trajectory analysis shows that this ozone was mostly transported from the coastal area of southern California. For the episodes in Imperial Valley and El Paso, respectively, ozone was transported from the coastal areas of southern California and Mexico and from northern Texas and Oklahoma.

Scientific Packages on Small Bodies, a Deployment Strategy for New Missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tardivel, Simon; Scheeres, D. J.; Michel, P.

2013-10-01

The exploration of asteroids is currently a topic of high priority for the space agencies. JAXA will launch its second asteroid explorer, aimed at 1999 JU3, in the second half of 2014. NASA has selected OSIRIS-REx to go to asteroid Bennu, and it will launch in 2016. ESA is currently performing the assessment study of the MarcoPolo-R space mission, in the framework of the M3 (medium) competition of its Cosmic Vision Program, whose objective is now 2008 EV5. In the continuity of these missions, landing for an extended period of time on the ground to perform measurements seems a logical next step to asteroid exploration. Yet, the surface behavior of an asteroid is not well known and landing the whole spacecraft on it could be hazardous, and pose other mission operations problems such as ensuring communication with Earth. Hence, we propose a new approach to asteroid surface exploration. Using a mothership spacecraft, we will present how multiple landers could be deployed to the surface of an asteroid using ballistic trajectories. Combining a detailed simulation of the bouncing and contact dynamics on the surface with numerical and mathematical analysis of the flight dynamics near an asteroid, we show how landing pods could be distributed at the surface of a body. The strategy has the advantages that the mothership always maintains a safe distance from the surface and the landers do not need any GNC (guidance, navigation and control system) or landing apparatus. Thus, it allows for simple operations and for the design of lightweight landers with minimum platform overhead and maximum payload. These pods could then be used as a single measurement apparatus (e.g. seismometers) or as independent and different instruments, using their widespread distribution to gain both global and local knowledge on the asteroid.

Common barbel (Barbus barbus) as a bioindicator of surface river sediment pollution with Cu and Zn in three rivers of the Danube River Basin in Serbia.

PubMed

Morina, Arian; Morina, Filis; Djikanović, Vesna; Spasić, Sladjana; Krpo-Ćetković, Jasmina; Kostić, Bojan; Lenhardt, Mirjana

2016-04-01

River sediments are a major source of metal contamination in aquatic food webs. Due to the ability of metals to move up the food chain, fishes, occupying higher trophic levels, are considered to be good environmental indicators of metal pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the metal content in tissues of the common barbel (Barbus barbus), a rheophilous cyprinid fish widely distributed in the Danube Basin, in order to find out if it can be used as a bioindicator of the metal content in the river sediment. We analyzed bioavailable concentrations of 15 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in sediments of the Danube (D), the Zapadna Morava (ZM), and the Južna Morava (JM) using the inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The barbel specimens were collected in the proximity of sediment sampling sites for the analysis of metals in four tissues, gills, muscle, intestine, and liver. The sediment analysis indicated that the ZM is the most polluted with Cu, Ni, and Zn compared to other two rivers. The JM had the lowest concentrations of almost all observed elements, while the Danube sediments were mainly characterized by higher concentrations of Pb. The fish from the ZM had the highest concentration of Cu and Ni in the liver and intestine, and of Zn in the muscle tissue, which was in accordance with the concentrations of these metals in the sediment. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used for further analyses of metal interactions with fish tissues. The results suggest that the barbel can potentially be used as a bioindicator of sediment quality with respect to metal contamination.

Multi-color lightcurve observation of the asteroid (163249) 2002 GT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oshima, M.; Abe, S.

2014-07-01

NASA's Deep Impact/EPOXI spacecraft plans to encounter the asteroid (163249) 2002 GT, classified as a PHA (Potentially Hazardous Asteroid), on January 4, 2020. However, the taxonomic type and spin state of 2002 GT remain to be determined. We have carried out ground-based multi-color (B-V-R-I) lightcurve observations taking advantage of the 2002 GT Characterization Campaign by NASA. Multi-color lightcurve measurements allow us to estimate the rotation period and obtain strong constraints on the shape and pole orientation. Here we found that the rotation period of 2002 GT is estimated to be 3.7248 ± 0.1664 h. In mid-2013, 2002 GT passed at 0.015 au from the Earth, resulting an exceptional opportunity for ground-based characterization. Using the 0.81-m telescope of the Tenagra Observatory (110°52'44.8''W, +31°27'44.4''N, 1312 m) in Arizona, USA, and the Johnson-Cousins BVRI filters, we have found lightcurves of 2002 GT (Figure). The Tenagra II 0.81-m telescope is used for research of the Hayabusa2 target Asteroid (162173) 1999 JU_3. The lightcurves (relative magnitude) show that the rotation period of 2002 GT, the target of NASA's Deep Impact/EPOXI spacecraft, is estimated to be 3.7248 ± 0.1664 hr. On June 9, 2013, we had 7 hours of ground-based observations on 2002 GT from 4:00 to 11:00 UTC. The number of comparison stars for differential photometry was 34. Because of tracking the fast-moving asteroid, it was necessary to have the same comparison star among the fields of vision. We have also obtained absolute photometry of 2002 GT on June 13, 2013.

Solving the Tautomeric Equilibrium of Purine Through the Analysis of the Complex Hyperfine Structure of the Four 14N Nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cocinero, Emilio J.; Uriarte, Iciar; Ecija, Patricia; Favero, Laura B.; Spada, Lorenzo; Calabrese, Camilla; Caminati, Walther

2016-06-01

Microwave spectroscopy has been restricted to the investigation of small molecules in the last years. However, with the advent of FTMW and CP-FTMW spectroscopies coupled with laser vaporization techniques it has turned into a very competitive methodology in the studies of moderate-size biomolecules. Here, we present the study of purine, characterized by two aromatic rings, one six- and one five-membered, fused together to give a planar aromatic bicycle. Biologically, it is the mainframe of two of the five nucleobases of DNA and RNA. Two tautomers were observed by FTMW spectroscopy coupled to UV ultrafast laser vaporization system. The population ratio of the two main tautomers [N(7)H]/[N(9)H] is about 1/40 in the gas phase. It contrasts with the solid state where only the N(7)H species is present, or in solution where a mixture of both tautomers is observed. For both species, a full quadrupolar hyperfine analysis has been performed. This has led to the determination of the full sets of diagonal quadrupole coupling constants of the four 14N atoms, which have provided crucial information for the unambiguous identification of both species. T. J. Balle and W. H. Flygare Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 33-45, 1981 J.-U. Grabow, W. Stahl and H. Dreizler Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 4072-4084, 1996 G. G. Brown, B. D. Dian, K. O. Douglass, S. M. Geyer, S. T. Shipman and B. H. Pate Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 0531031/1-053103/13, 2008 E. J. Cocinero, A. Lesarri, P. écija, F. J. Basterretxea, J. U. Grabow, J. A. Fernández and F. Castaño Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 3119-3124, 2012

An effective diagnostic strategy for accurate detection of RhD variants including Asian DEL type in apparently RhD-negative blood donors in Korea.

PubMed

Seo, M H; Won, E J; Hong, Y J; Chun, S; Kwon, J R; Choi, Y S; Kim, J N; Lee, S A; Lim, A H; Kim, S H; Park, K U; Cho, D

2016-11-01

The purpose of this study was to provide an effective RHD genotyping strategy for the East Asian blood donors. RhD phenotyping, weak D testing and RhCE phenotyping were performed on 110 samples from members of the RhD-negative club, private organization composed of RhD-negative blood donors, in the GwangJu-Chonnam region of Korea. The RHD promoter, intron 4, and exons 7 and 10 were analysed by real-time PCR. Two nucleotide changes (c.1227 G>A, and c.1222 T>C) in exon 9 were analysed by sequencing. Of 110 RhD-negative club members, 79 (71·8%) showed complete deletion of the RHD gene, 10 (9·1%) showed results consistent with RHD-CE-D hybrid, and 21 (19·1%) showed amplification of RHD promoter, intron 4, and exons 7 and 10. Of the latter group, 16 (14·5%) were in the DEL blood group including c.1227 G>A (N = 14) and c.1222 T>C (N = 2), 2 (1·8%) were weak D, 1(0·9%) was partial D, and 2 (1·8%) were undetermined. The RhD-negative phenotype samples consisted of 58 C-E-c+e+, 19 C-E+c+e+, 3 C-E+c+e-, 21 C+E-c+e-, 6 C+E-c+e+ and 3 C+E-c-e + . Notably, all 58 samples with the C-E-c+e+ phenotype were revealed to have complete deletion of the RHD gene. The C-E-c+e+ phenotype showed 100% positive predictive value for detecting D-negative cases. RHD genotyping is not required in half of D-negative cases. We suggest here an effective RHD genotyping strategy for accurate detection of RhD variants in apparently RhD-negative blood donors in East Asia. © 2016 International Society of Blood Transfusion.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale - Short Form.

PubMed

Chaves, Fernanda Figueredo; Reis, Ilka Afonso; Pagano, Adriana Silvina; Torres, Heloísa de Carvalho

2017-03-23

, adaptar culturalmente e validar o Diabetes Empowerment Scale - Short Form para aplicação no contexto cultural brasileiro. A análise do instrumento, para avaliar a equivalência conceitual e de itens, bem como sua tradução e adaptação cultural, foram realizadas de acordo com a metodologia padrão. A etapa de avaliação pelo comitê de juízes foi conduzida por meio de questionário eletrônico, desenvolvido e aplicado pela ferramenta web e-Surv. A versão adaptada foi utilizada durante o pré-teste, aplicado via ligação telefônica, a um grupo de 11 usuários com diabetes melito tipo 2. Os resultados do pré-teste foram examinados por profissionais da área da saúde, linguística aplicada e estatística, para obtenção de uma versão adequada do instrumento. Em seguida, foi aplicada no teste e reteste em amostra de 100 usuários com diabetes, por ligação telefônica, com registro das respostas dos usuários por meio da ferramenta e-Surv. As análises de consistência interna e reprodutibilidade foram realizadas no ambiente de programação estatística R. Foi possível obter validade de face e de conteúdo do instrumento, que resultou na versão em português, intitulada Escala de Autoeficácia em Diabetes - Versão Curta. A escala apresentou consistência interna aceitável, com alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,634 (IC95% 0,494-0,737), enquanto a concordância do escore total nos dois momentos foi considerada moderada (0,47). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse teve o valor de 0,50. O processo de tradução e de adaptação para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil gerou uma versão do instrumento considerada válida e confiável para a população brasileira. A utilização do e-Surv para o registro dos dados coletados do comitê de juízes, assim como das respostas dos testes de validação, mostrou-se uma metodologia confiável, segura e inovadora.

Client perspectives on design and implementation of a couples-based intervention to reduce sexual and drug risk behaviors among female sex workers and their noncommercial partners in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, México

PubMed Central

Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Robertson, Angela M.; Syvertsen, Jennifer L.; Hernandez, Daniel O.; Ulibarri, Monica D.; Rangel, M. Gudelia; Martinex, Gustavo; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

2014-01-01

This mixed-methods study examined the acceptability of a hypothetical couples-based HIV prevention program for female sex workers and their intimate (non-commercial) male partners in Mexico. Among 320 participants, 67% preferred couples-based over individual programs, particularly among men. Reasons cited for preferring couples-based programs included convenience and health benefits for both partners. Participants reported that they would benefit from general health information and services, HIV counseling and testing, job training (particularly for men) and other services. However, qualitative interviews revealed that barriers relating to the environment (i.e., poor access to services), providers (i.e., lack of a therapeutic alliance), and intimate relationships (i.e., mistrust or instability) would need to be addressed before such a program could be successfully implemented. Despite women’s concerns about privacy and men’s preferences for gender-specific services, couples-based HIV prevention programs were largely acceptable to female sex workers and their intimate male partners. PMID:24510364

NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission: The Boulder Capture Option

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abell, Paul A.; Nuth, J.; Mazanek, D.; Merrill, R.; Reeves, D.; Naasz, B.

2014-01-01

NASA is examining two options for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), which will return asteroid material to a Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (LDRO) using a robotic solar-electric-propulsion spacecraft, called the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV). Once the ARV places the asteroid material into the LDRO, a piloted mission will rendezvous and dock with the ARV. After docking, astronauts will conduct two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to inspect and sample the asteroid material before returning to Earth. One option involves capturing an entire small (approximately 4-10 m diameter) near-Earth asteroid (NEA) inside a large inflatable bag. However, NASA is examining another option that entails retrieving a boulder (approximately 1-5 m) via robotic manipulators from the surface of a larger (approximately 100+ m) pre-characterized NEA. This option can leverage robotic mission data to help ensure success by targeting previously (or soon to be) well-characterized NEAs. For example, the data from the Hayabusa mission has been utilized to develop detailed mission designs that assess options and risks associated with proximity and surface operations. Hayabusa's target NEA, Itokawa, has been identified as a valid target and is known to possess hundreds of appropriately sized boulders on its surface. Further robotic characterization of additional NEAs (e.g., Bennu and 1999 JU3) by NASA's OSIRIS REx and JAXA's Hayabusa 2 missions is planned to begin in 2018. The boulder option is an extremely large sample-return mission with the prospect of bringing back many tons of well-characterized asteroid material to the Earth-Moon system. The candidate boulder from the target NEA can be selected based on inputs from the world-wide science community, ensuring that the most scientifically interesting boulder be returned for subsequent sampling. This boulder option for NASA's ARM can leverage knowledge of previously characterized NEAs from prior robotic missions, which provides more

Water Use Efficiency of China's Terrestrial Ecosystems and Responses to Drought

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Y.; Xiao, J.; Ju, W.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, S.; Wu, X.

2015-12-01

Yibo Liu1, 2, Jingfeng Xiao2, Weimin Ju3, Yanlian Zhou4, Shaoqiang Wang5, Xiaocui Wu31 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China, 2Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA, 3 International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China, 4 School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China, 5 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China Water use efficiency (WUE) measures the trade-off between carbon gain and water loss of terrestrial ecosystems, and better understanding its dynamics and controlling factors is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. We assessed the magnitude, spatial patterns, and trends of WUE of China's terrestrial ecosystems and its responses to drought using a process-based ecosystem model. During the period from 2000 to 2011, the national average annual WUE (net primary productivity (NPP)/evapotranspiration (ET)) of China was 0.79 g C kg-1 H2O. Annual WUE decreased in the southern regions because of the decrease in NPP and increase in ET and increased in most northern regions mainly because of the increase in NPP. Droughts usually increased annual WUE in Northeast China and central Inner Mongolia but decreased annual WUE in central China. "Turning-points" were observed for southern China where moderate and extreme drought reduced annual WUE and severe drought slightly increased annual WUE. The cumulative lagged effect of drought on monthly WUE varied by region. Our findings have implications for ecosystem management and climate policy making. WUE is expected to continue to change under future climate

Arctic Ocean Sedimentary Cover Structure, Based on 2D MCS Seismic Data.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kireev, A.; Kaminsky, V.; Poselov, V.; Poselova, L.; Kaminsky, D.

2016-12-01

In 2016 the Russian Federation has submitted its partial revised Submission for establishment of the OLCS (outer limit of the continental shelf) in the Arctic Ocean. In order to prepare the Submission, in 2005 - 2014 the Russian organizations carried out a wide range of geological and geophysical studies, so that today over 23000 km of MCS lines and 4000 km of deep seismic sounding are accomplished. For correct time/depth conversion of seismic sections obtained with a short streamer in difficult ice conditions wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic sonobuoy soundings were used. All of these seismic data were used to refine the stratigraphy model, to identify sedimentary complexes and to estimate the total thickness of the sedimentary cover. Seismic stratigraphy model was successively determined for the Cenozoic and pre-Cenozoic parts of the sedimentary section and was based on correlation of the Russian MCS data and seismic data documented by boreholes. Cenozoic part of the sedimentary cover is based on correlation of the Russian MCS data and AWI91090 section calibrated by ACEX-2004 boreholes on the Lomonosov Ridge for Amerasia basin and by correlation of onlap contacts onto oceanic crust with defined magnetic anomalies for Eurasia basin. Pre-Cenozoic part of the sedimentary cover is based on tracing major unconformities from boreholes on the Chukchi shelf (Crackerjack, Klondike, Popcorn) to the North-Chuckchi Trough and further to the Mendeleev Rise as well as to the Vilkitsky Trough and the adjacent Podvodnikov Basin. Six main unconformities were traced: regional unconformity (RU), Eocene unconformity (EoU) (for Eurasia basin only), post-Campanian unconformity (pCU), Brookian (BU - base of the Lower Brookian unit), Lower Cretaceous (LCU) and Jurassic (JU - top of the Upper Ellesmerian unit). The final step in our research was to generalize all seismic surveys (top of acoustic basement correlation data) and bathymetry data in the sedimentary cover thickness map

Sedimentary Cover of the Central Arctic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kireev, Artem; Poselov, Viktor; Butsenko, Viktor; Smirnov, Oleg

2017-04-01

Partial revised Submission of the Russian Federation for establishment of the OLCS (outer limit of the continental shelf) in the Arctic Ocean is made to include in the extended continental shelf of the Russian Federation, in accordance with article 76 of the Convention, the seabed and its subsoil in the central Arctic Ocean which is natural prolongation of the Russian land territory. To submit partial revised Submission in 2016, in 2005 - 2014 the Russian organizations carried out a wide range of geophysical studies, so that today over 23000 km of MCS lines, over hundreds of wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic sonobuoy soundings and 4000 km of deep seismic sounding are accomplished. All of these MCS and seismic soundings data were used to establish the seismic stratigraphy model of the Arctic region. Stratigraphy model of the sedimentary cover was successively determined for the Cenozoic and pre-Cenozoic parts of the section and was based on correlation of the Russian MCS data and seismic data documented by existing boreholes. Interpretation of the Cenozoic part of the sedimentary cover was based on correlation of the Russian MCS data and AWI91090 section calibrated by ACEX-2004 boreholes on the Lomonosov Ridge for Amerasia basin and by correlation of onlap contacts onto oceanic crust with defined magnetic anomalies for Eurasia basin, while interpretation of the Pre-Cenozoic part of the sedimentary cover was based on correlation with MCS and boreholes data from Chukchi sea shelf. Six main unconformities were traced: regional unconformity (RU), Eocene unconformity (EoU) (for Eurasia basin only), post-Campanian unconformity (pCU), Brookian (BU - base of the Lower Brookian unit), Lower Cretaceous (LCU) and Jurassic (JU - top of the Upper Ellesmerian unit). The final step in our research was to estimate the total thickness of the sedimentary cover of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Eurasian shelf using top of acoustic basement correlation data and bathymetry data

Compositional study of asteroids in the Erigone collisional family using visible spectroscopy at the 10.4m GTC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morate, David; de León, Julia; De Prá, Mário; Licandro, Javier; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio; Campins, Humberto; Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí; Alí-Lagoa, Víctor

2015-11-01

Asteroid families are formed by the fragments produced by the disruption of a common parent body (Bendjoya & Zappalà 2002). Primitive asteroids in the solar system are believed to have undergone less thermal processing than the S-complex asteroids. Thus, study of primitive asteroid families provides information about the solar system formation period. The Erigone collisional family, together with other three families (Polana, Clarissa and Sulamitis), are believed to be the origin of the two primitive Near-Earth asteroids that are the main targets of the NASA’s OSIRIS-REx ((101955) Bennu) and JAXA’s Hayabusa 2 ((162173) 1999 JU3) missions (Campins et al. 2010; Campins et al. 2013; Lauretta et al. 2010; Tsuda et al. 2013). These spacecrafts will visit the asteroids, and a sample of their surface material will be returned to Earth. Understanding of the families that are considered potential sources will enhance the scientific return of the missions. The main goal of the work presented here is to characterize the Erigone collisional family. Asteroid (163) Erigone has been classified as a primitive object (Bus 1999; Bus & Binzel 2002), and we expect the members of this family to be consistent with the spectral type of the parent body. We have obtained visible spectra (0.5-0.9 μm) for 101 members of the Erigone family, using the OSIRIS instrument at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias. We performed a taxonomical classification of these asteroids, finding that the number of primitive objects in our sample is in agreement with the hypothesis of a common parent body. In addition, we have found a significant fraction of asteroids in our sample that present evidences of aqueous alteration. Study of aqueous alterations is important, as it can give information on the heating processes of the early Solar System, and for the associated astrobiological implications (it has been suggested that the Earth’s present water supply was brought here by asteroids, instead of comets

Visible spectroscopy of the Polana-Eulalia family complex: Spectral homogeneity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de León, J.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Delbo, M.; Campins, H.; Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Tanga, P.; Cellino, A.; Bendjoya, P.; Gayon-Markt, J.; Licandro, J.; Lorenzi, V.; Morate, D.; Walsh, K. J.; DeMeo, F.; Landsman, Z.; Alí-Lagoa, V.

2016-03-01

The Polana-Eulalia family complex is located in the inner part of the asteroid belt, bounded by the ν6 and the 3:1 resonances, where we can find another three collisional families of primitive asteroids (Erigone, Clarissa, and Sulamitis), and a low-albedo population of background objects. This region of the belt is believed to be the most likely origin of the two primitive near-Earth asteroids that are the current targets of two sample return missions: NASA's OSIRIS-REx and JAXA's Hayabusa 2 to Asteroids (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu (also known as 1999 JU3), respectively. Therefore, understanding these families will enhance the scientific return of these missions. We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of asteroids in the region of the Polana-Eulalia family complex, and also asteroids from the background population of low-albedo, low-inclination objects. We obtained visible spectra of a total of 65 asteroids, using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and the 3.6 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), both located at the El Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, in the island of La Palma (Spain), and the 3.6 m New Technology Telescope (NTT), located at the European Southern Observatory of La Silla, in Chile. From the spectral analysis of our sample we found that, in spite of the presence of distinct dynamical groups, the asteroids in this region present spectral homogeneity at visible wavelengths, showing a continuum of spectral slopes, from blue to moderately red, typical of primitive asteroids classified as B- and C-types. We conclude that visible spectra cannot be used to distinguish between members of the Polana and the Eulalia families, or members of the background population. The visible spectra of the two targets of sample return missions, Asteroids Bennu and Ryugu, are compatible with the spectra of the asteroids in this region, supporting previous studies that suggested either the Polana family or the background population as the most

Thermal Infrared Imager on Hayabusa2: Science and Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okada, Tatsuaki

2015-04-01

Thermal Infrared Imager TIR was developed and calibrated for Haya-busa2 asteroid explorer, aiming at the investigation of thermo-physical properties of C-class near-Earth sub-km sized asteroid (162173) 1999JU3. TIR is based on the 2D micro-bolometer array with germani-um lens to image the surface of asteroid in 8 to 12 μm wavelength (1), measuring the thermal emission off the asteroid surface. Its field of view is 16° x 12° with 328 x 248 pixels. At least 40 (up to 100) images will be taken during asteroid rotation once a week, mainly from the Home Position which is about 20km sunward from asteroid surface. Therefore TIR will image the whole asteroid with spatial resolution of < 20m per pixel, and the temperature profile of each site on the asteroid will be traced from dawn to dusk regions by asteroid rotation. The scien-tific objectives of TIR include the mapping of asteroid surface condi-tions (regional distribution of thermal inertia), since the surface physical conditions are strongly correlated with thermal inertia. It is so informa-tive on understanding the re-accretion or surface sedimentation process-es of the asteroid to be the current form. TIR data will be used for searching for those sites having the typical particle size of 1mm for best sample collection, and within the proper thermal condition for space-craft safe operation. After launch of Hayabusa2, TIR has been tested successfully, covering from -100 to 150 °C using a single parameter settings (2). This implies that TIR is actually able to map the surface other than the sunlit areas. Performance of TIR was found basically the same as those in the pre-launch test, when the temperature of TIR is well controlled. References: (1) Fukuhara T. et al., (2011) Earth Planet. Space 63, 1009-1018; (2) Okada T. et al., (2015) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 46, #1331.

Cytotoxic effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. in malignant cell lines.

PubMed

Silva, Dulcelena Ferreira; Vidal, Flávia Castello Branco; Santos, Debora; Costa, Maria Célia Pires; Morgado-Díaz, José Andrés; do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento, Maria; de Moura, Roberto Soares

2014-05-29

Euterpe oleracea Mart., a plant from the Amazon region, is commonly known as açaí or juçara; it has high nutritional value and elevated levels of lipids, proteins, and minerals. Açaí is an abundant and much consumed fruit by the Amazon local population, and studies have demonstrated that it is rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test this plant for anticancer activity in different human malignant cell lines. Cell lines derived from breast and colorectal adenocarcinomas were treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of bark, seed, and total açaí fruit hydroalcoholic extracts for 24 and 48 h. After treatment, cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and cell morphological features were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The type of cell death was also evaluated. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's or Tukey's post hoc tests, as appropriate. We observed that of all the cell lines tested, MCF-7 was the only line that responded to açaí treatment. The extracts caused significant reduction (p<0.01) in cell viability and altered cell morphological features by inducing the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, increased expression of LC3BII, a protein marker of autophagosome formation, was observed by western blotting. Caspase Glo™ assays and morphologic observations by DAPI nuclear staining and transmission electron microscopy did not indicate any apoptotic events. The present study demonstrated that açaí possesses antitumorigenic potential in the MCF-7 cell line. Further studies are needed to identify the compound (s) responsible for this cytotoxic activity and the molecular target in the cell. This discovery of the anticancer potential of açaí may help in the

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant cathepsin L1 of Fasciola gigantica.

PubMed

Anuracpreeda, Panat; Srirakam, Thippawan; Pandonlan, Sudarat; Changklungmoa, Narin; Chotwiwatthanakun, Charoonroj; Tinikul, Yotsawan; Poljaroen, Jaruwan; Meemon, Krai; Sobhon, Prasert

2014-08-01

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against a recombinant cathepsin L1 of Fasciola gigantica (rFgCatL1) were produced in vitro by fusion of BALB/c mice spleen cells immunized with rFgCatL1 and mouse myeloma cells. Reactivity and specificity of these MoAbs were evaluated by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting techniques. Seven MoAb clones were selected from the stable hybridoma clones, namely 1E10, 1F5, 3D11, 4B10, 4D3, 4E3 and 5E7. Clones 1E10, 1F5 and 3D11 were IgM, whereas clones 4B10, 4D3, 4E3 and 5E7 were IgG1. All MoAbs had kappa light chain isotypes. All MoAbs reacted with rCatL1 at molecular weight (MW) 30kDa and with the native CatL1 at MW 27kDa in whole body (WB) extracts of metacercariae (Met), newly excysted juveniles (NEJ), 1, 3, 5-week-old juveniles (Ju), adult WB and adult excretory-secretory (ES) fractions, but not with adult tegumental antigens (TA). All of these MoAbs showed no cross-reactions with antigens of other parasites commonly found in ruminants and human, including Paramphistomum cervi, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Gigantocotyle explanatum, Schistosoma spindale, Schistosoma mansoni, Moniezia benedeni, Avitellina centripunctata, Trichuris sp., Haemonchus placei and Setaria labiato-papillosa. Localization of CatL1 in each developmental stages of F. gigantica by immunoperoxidase technique, using these MoAbs as probes, indicated that CatL1 was present at high concentration in the caecal epithelium and caecal lumen of metacercariae, NEJ, 1, 3, 5-week-old juveniles and adult fluke. This finding indicated that CatL1 is a copiously expressed parasite protein that is released into the ES, thus CatL1 and its MoAb could be a good candidate for immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis in ruminant and human. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acceptance criteria for urban dispersion model evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanna, Steven; Chang, Joseph

2012-05-01

The authors suggested acceptance criteria for rural dispersion models' performance measures in this journal in 2004. The current paper suggests modified values of acceptance criteria for urban applications and tests them with tracer data from four urban field experiments. For the arc-maximum concentrations, the fractional bias should have a magnitude <0.67 (i.e., the relative mean bias is less than a factor of 2); the normalized mean-square error should be <6 (i.e., the random scatter is less than about 2.4 times the mean); and the fraction of predictions that are within a factor of two of the observations (FAC2) should be >0.3. For all data paired in space, for which a threshold concentration must always be defined, the normalized absolute difference should be <0.50, when the threshold is three times the instrument's limit of quantification (LOQ). An overall criterion is then applied that the total set of acceptance criteria should be satisfied in at least half of the field experiments. These acceptance criteria are applied to evaluations of the US Department of Defense's Joint Effects Model (JEM) with tracer data from US urban field experiments in Salt Lake City (U2000), Oklahoma City (JU2003), and Manhattan (MSG05 and MID05). JEM includes the SCIPUFF dispersion model with the urban canopy option and the urban dispersion model (UDM) option. In each set of evaluations, three or four likely options are tested for meteorological inputs (e.g., a local building top wind speed, the closest National Weather Service airport observations, or outputs from numerical weather prediction models). It is found that, due to large natural variability in the urban data, there is not a large difference between the performance measures for the two model options and the three or four meteorological input options. The more detailed UDM and the state-of-the-art numerical weather models do provide a slight improvement over the other options. The proposed urban dispersion model acceptance

A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular prolotherapy versus steroid injection for sacroiliac joint pain.

PubMed

Kim, Woong Mo; Lee, Hyung Gon; Jeong, Cheol Won; Kim, Chang Mo; Yoon, Myung Ha

2010-12-01

Controversy exists regarding the efficacy of ligament prolotherapy in alleviating sacroiliac joint pain. The inconsistent success rates reported in previous studies may be attributed to variability in patient selection and techniques between studies. It was hypothesized that intra-articular prolotherapy for patients with a positive response to diagnostic block may mitigate the drawbacks of ligament prolotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and long-term effectiveness of intra-articular prolotherapy in relieving sacroiliac joint pain, compared with intra-articular steroid injection. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. The study was conducted at an outpatient pain medicine clinic at Chonnam National University Hospital in Gwang-ju, Korea. The study included patients with sacroiliac joint pain, confirmed by ≥50% improvement in response to local anesthetic block, lasting 3 months or longer, and who failed medical treatment. The treatment involved intra-articular dextrose water prolotherapy or triamcinolone acetonide injection using fluoroscopic guidance, with a biweekly schedule and maximum of three injections. Pain and disability scores were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and monthly after completion of treatment. The numbers of recruited patients were 23 and 25 for the prolotherapy and steroid groups, respectively. The pain and disability scores were significantly improved from baseline in both groups at the 2-week follow-up, with no significant difference between them. The cumulative incidence of ≥50% pain relief at 15 months was 58.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 37.9%-79.5%) in the prolotherapy group and 10.2% (95% CI 6.7%-27.1%) in the steroid group, as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis; there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (log-rank p < 0.005). Intra-articular prolotherapy provided significant relief of sacroiliac joint pain, and its effects lasted longer than those of steroid

Comparison of Forest Carbon Changes in China and the Continental U.S.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ju, W.

2015-12-01

Weimin Ju1, Chunhua Zhang1, Jing M. Chen2, Fangmin Zhang3, Xiqun Wang4, 1International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China 2 Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 4Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry, State Forestry Administration of China, Beijing, 100010, China Carbon changes of forests in China and the continental U.S. were investigated using national forest inventory datasets and the InTEC model, which integrates the effects of forest age, atmospheric CO2concentration, nitrogen deposition, and climate. Pervious to simulations, the changes of net primary productivity (NPP) in the InTEC model was calibrated using field measured NPP and ages of forests. Both forest inventory and model simulations indicated that carbon sequestration by forests in China increased significantly in recent decades. The forest inventory based estimates indicated that biomass carbon sinks of forest stands were 86.0 Tg C yr-1 and 174.0 Tg C yr-1 in China and 132.5 Tg C yr-1and 147.0 Tg C yr-1 in the continental U.S. during the periods from 1989 to 2008 and from 1999 to 2008, respectively. The InTEC model simulations indicated that the total carbon sinks of forests were 170.4 Tg C yr-1, 200.2 Tg C yr-1, 217.7 Tg C yr-1 in China and 225.9 Tg C yr-1, 222.7 Tg C yr-1, and 230.5 Tg C yr-1 in the continental U.S. during the periods from 1981 to 2010, from 1991 to 2010, and from 2001 to 2010, respectively. Forest carbon sink density was higher in China than that in the continental U.S., mainly due to a larger fraction of young forests in China. Total carbon sequestration by forests in China was close to that in the continental U.S. during the recent decade.

Molecular Structure and Chirality Determination from Pulsed-Jet Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lobsiger, Simon; Perez, Cristobal; Evangelisti, Luca; Seifert, Nathan A.; Pate, Brooks; Lehmann, Kevin

2014-06-01

Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy has been used for many years as one of the most accurate methods to determine gas-phase structures of molecules and small molecular clusters. In the last years two pioneering works ushered in a new era applications. First, by exploiting the reduced measurement time and the high sensitivity, the development of chirped-pulse CP-FTMW spectrometers enabled the full structural determination of molecules of increasing size as well as molecular clusters. Second, and more recently, Patterson et al. showed that rotational spectroscopy can also be used for enantiomer-specific detection. Here we present an experimental approach that combines both in a single spectrometer. This set-up is capable to rapidly obtain the full heavy-atom substitution structure using the CP-FTMW features. The inclusion of an extra set of broadband horns allows for a chirality-sensitive measurement of the sample. The measurement we implement is a three-wave mixing experiment that uses time-separated pulses to optimally create the chiral coherence - an approach that was proposed recently. Using samples of R-, S- and racemic Solketal, the physical properties of the three-wave mixing experiment were studied. This involved the measurement of the corresponding nutation curves (molecular signal intensity vs excitation pulse duration) to demonstrate the optimal pulse sequence. The phase stability of the chiral signal, required to assign the absolute stereochemistry, has been studied as a function of the measurement signal-to-noise ratio using a "phasogram" method. G. G. Brown, B. C. Dian, K. O. Douglass, S. M. Geyer, S. T. Shipman, B. H. Pate, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2008, 79, 053103. D. Patterson, M. Schnell, J. M. Doyle, Nature 2013, 497, 475-477. D. Patterson, J. M. Doyle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 023008. V. A. Shubert, D. Schmitz, D. Patterson, J. M. Doyle, M. Schnell, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 1152-1155. J.-U. Grabow, Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 11914

α-Synuclein in Central Nervous System and from Erythrocytes, Mammalian Cells, and Escherichia coli Exists Predominantly as Disordered Monomer*

PubMed Central

Fauvet, Bruno; Mbefo, Martial K.; Fares, Mohamed-Bilal; Desobry, Carole; Michael, Sarah; Ardah, Mustafa T.; Tsika, Elpida; Coune, Philippe; Prudent, Michel; Lion, Niels; Eliezer, David; Moore, Darren J.; Schneider, Bernard; Aebischer, Patrick; El-Agnaf, Omar M.; Masliah, Eliezer; Lashuel, Hilal A.

2012-01-01

Since the discovery and isolation of α-synuclein (α-syn) from human brains, it has been widely accepted that it exists as an intrinsically disordered monomeric protein. Two recent studies suggested that α-syn produced in Escherichia coli or isolated from mammalian cells and red blood cells exists predominantly as a tetramer that is rich in α-helical structure (Bartels, T., Choi, J. G., and Selkoe, D. J. (2011) Nature 477, 107–110; Wang, W., Perovic, I., Chittuluru, J., Kaganovich, A., Nguyen, L. T. T., Liao, J., Auclair, J. R., Johnson, D., Landeru, A., Simorellis, A. K., Ju, S., Cookson, M. R., Asturias, F. J., Agar, J. N., Webb, B. N., Kang, C., Ringe, D., Petsko, G. A., Pochapsky, T. C., and Hoang, Q. Q. (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 17797–17802). However, it remains unknown whether or not this putative tetramer is the main physiological form of α-syn in the brain. In this study, we investigated the oligomeric state of α-syn in mouse, rat, and human brains. To assess the conformational and oligomeric state of native α-syn in complex mixtures, we generated α-syn standards of known quaternary structure and conformational properties and compared the behavior of endogenously expressed α-syn to these standards using native and denaturing gel electrophoresis techniques, size-exclusion chromatography, and an oligomer-specific ELISA. Our findings demonstrate that both human and rodent α-syn expressed in the central nervous system exist predominantly as an unfolded monomer. Similar results were observed when human α-syn was expressed in mouse and rat brains as well as mammalian cell lines (HEK293, HeLa, and SH-SY5Y). Furthermore, we show that α-syn expressed in E. coli and purified under denaturing or nondenaturing conditions, whether as a free protein or as a fusion construct with GST, is monomeric and adopts a disordered conformation after GST removal. These results do not rule out the possibility that α-syn becomes structured upon interaction

Application of geoelectric methods for man-caused gas deposit mapping and monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yakymchuk, M. A.; Levashov, S. P.; Korchagin, I. N.; Syniuk, B. B.

2009-04-01

practical possibility of these methods using for operative solving the specific problems of oil- and gas-extraction, as well as they are one more weighty arguments to practicability of the more broad using of FSPEF-VERS technologies in geological prospecting process for oil and gas. Levashov S.P., Yakymchuk N.A., Korchagin I.N., Taskynbaev K.M. (2003) Geoelectric investigations oin Kenbye oilfield in Western Kazakhstan. 65th EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Extended Abstracts P154. Levashov S.P., Yakymchuk M.A. Korchagin I.N., Pyschaniy Ju.M., Yakymchuk Ju.M. (2004) Electric-resonance sounding method and its application for the ecological, geological-geophysical and engineering-geological investigations. 66nd EAGE Conference and Technical Exhibition. Extended abstracts P035.

Transcultural adaptation of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool.

PubMed

Martinez, Maria Carmen; Iwamoto, Viviane Ernesto; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira; Noronha, Adriana Moreira; Oliveira, Ana Paula de Sousa; Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo Alves; Marques, Ifigenia Augusta Braga; Vendramim, Patrícia; Lopes, Paula Cristina; Sant'Ana, Thais Helena Saes de

2016-08-29

to perform the transcultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess both fall risk and fall-related injury risk for hospitalized elderly in Brazil. the transcultural adaptation consisted of translating the scale to Portuguese (Brazil), back-translating it into its language of origin, establishing a consensus version, and having an expert committee verify its transcultural equivalence. Content assessment was conducted by a committee of judges, ending with the calculation of the items and scales' content validity index. Nurses tested the tool. the scale's translated version went through two evaluation rounds by the judges, based on which, the items with unsatisfactory performance were changed. The content validity index for the items was ≥80.0% and the global index 97.1%. The experimental application showed the scale is user-friendly. the scale presents valid content for the assessment of fall risk and risk of fall-related injuries and is easy to use, with the potential to contribute to the proper identification of risks and the establishment of care actions. realizar a adaptação transcultural para uso no Brasil e a avaliação da validade de conteúdo da Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool para avaliação de risco de quedas e de danos por quedas em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. adaptação transcultural consistiu na tradução da escala para a língua portuguesa (Brasil), retrotradução para a língua de origem, versão de consenso e análise da equivalência transcultural por um comitê de especialistas. A avaliação do conteúdo foi realizada por meio de um comitê de juízes, finalizando com o cálculo do índice de validade de conteúdo dos itens e da escala. Foi realizada a aplicação experimental do instrumento por enfermeiros. a versão traduzida da escala passou por duas rodadas de avaliação pelos juízes, a partir das quais os itens com desempenho insatisfatório foram modificados

NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission: A Robotic Boulder Capture Option for Science, Human Exploration, Resource Utilization, and Planetary Defense

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abell, P.; Nuth, J.; Mazanek, D.; Merrill, R.; Reeves, D.; Naasz, B.

2014-01-01

NASA is examining two options for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), which will return asteroid material to a Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (LDRO) using a robotic solar electric propulsion spacecraft, called the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV). Once the ARV places the asteroid material into the LDRO, a piloted mission will rendezvous and dock with the ARV. After docking, astronauts will conduct two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to inspect and sample the asteroid material before returning to Earth. One option involves capturing an entire small (4 - 10 m diameter) near-Earth asteroid (NEA) inside a large inflatable bag. However, NASA is also examining another option that entails retrieving a boulder (1 - 5 m) via robotic manipulators from the surface of a larger (100+ m) pre-characterized NEA. The Robotic Boulder Capture (RBC) option can leverage robotic mission data to help ensure success by targeting previously (or soon to be) well- characterized NEAs. For example, the data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Hayabusa mission has been utilized to develop detailed mission designs that assess options and risks associated with proximity and surface operations. Hayabusa's target NEA, Itokawa, has been identified as a valid target and is known to possess hundreds of appropriately sized boulders on its surface. Further robotic characterization of additional NEAs (e.g., Bennu and 1999 JU3) by NASA's OSIRIS REx and JAXA's Hayabusa 2 missions is planned to begin in 2018. This ARM option reduces mission risk and provides increased benefits for science, human exploration, resource utilization, and planetary defense. Science: The RBC option is an extremely large sample-return mission with the prospect of bringing back many tons of well-characterized asteroid material to the Earth-Moon system. The candidate boulder from the target NEA can be selected based on inputs from the world-wide science community, ensuring that the most scientifically interesting

Determination of Two-Liquid Mixture Composition by Assessing Dielectric Parameters 1. Precise Measuring System / Divu Šķidrumu Maisījuma Sastāva Noteikšana, Izvērtējot to Dielektriskos Parametrus 1. Precīza Mērīšanas Sistēma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilitis, O.; Shipkovs, P.; Merkulovs, D.

2013-08-01

Concentration measurements are important in bioethanol industries, in the R&D areas, for chemical, medical and microbiological analyses and processing as well as for diagnostics, manufacturing, etc. The overview shows development of the structural design of a system for measuring the concentration of solutions and mixtures consisting of two dielectric liquids. The basic principles of the system's design are given along with relevant equations. The concentration of dielectric liquids is measured using devices with capacitive sensors (1-300 pF). The operational frequency of the developed measuring system is 100.000 kHz. Configuration of the system excludes some errors usually arising at measurements, and broadens its applicability. For testing, the system was calibrated for measuring the concentration of anhydrous ethanol + de-ionized water mixture. Experimental results have shown a stable resolution of ±0.005 pF at measuring the sensor capacitance and a reproducible resolution better than ±0.01% at measuring the ethanol volume concentration Rakstā esam parādījuši iespējas izveidot augstas precizitātes, kompaktu, lētu un ērtu lietošanai dielektrisku šķidrumu mērīšanas sistēmu koncentrācijas noteikšanai. Šī sistēma ir piemērojama kapacitīviem sensoriem, kuru kapacitāte ir atkarīga no sensora izveidojuma kā arī mērāmā šķidruma dielektriskās konstantes vērtības, un kapacitāte var tikt noteikta pie frekvences 100,000 kHz robežās no 1 F līdz 300 pF. Mērīšanas sistēmas pārbaudei, sistēma tika kalibrēta etanola koncentrācijas mērīšanai tilpuma procentos sertificēta bezūdens etanola un dejonizēta ūdens maisījumiem. Pārbaužu rezultāti pierādīja, ka sensora kapacitātes vērtības ir stabili nosakāmas ar izšķirtspēju ne mazāku par ±0,005 pF. Sensora kapacitāšu vērtībām atbilstošā etanola tilpuma koncentrācijas atkārtojamu mērījumu izšķirtspēja visā mērīšanas diapazonā nebija mazāka par ±0

Multi-GPU three dimensional Stokes solver for simulating glacier flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Licul, Aleksandar; Herman, Frédéric; Podladchikov, Yuri; Räss, Ludovic; Omlin, Samuel

2016-04-01

Here we present how we have recently developed a three-dimensional Stokes solver on the GPUs and apply it to a glacier flow. We numerically solve the Stokes momentum balance equations together with the incompressibility equation, while also taking into account strong nonlinearities for ice rheology. We have developed a fully three-dimensional numerical MATLAB application based on an iterative finite difference scheme with preconditioning of residuals. Differential equations are discretized on a regular staggered grid. We have ported it to C-CUDA to run it on GPU's in parallel, using MPI. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our developed model by manufactured analytical solution test for three-dimensional Stokes ice sheet models (Leng et al.,2013) and by comparison with other well-established ice sheet models on diagnostic ISMIP-HOM benchmark experiments (Pattyn et al., 2008). The results show that our developed model is capable to accurately and efficiently solve Stokes system of equations in a variety of different test scenarios, while preserving good parallel efficiency on up to 80 GPU's. For example, in 3D test scenarios with 250000 grid points our solver converges in around 3 minutes for single precision computations and around 10 minutes for double precision computations. We have also optimized the developed code to efficiently run on our newly acquired state-of-the-art GPU cluster octopus. This allows us to solve our problem on more than 20 million grid points, by just increasing the number of GPU used, while keeping the computation time the same. In future work we will apply our solver to real world applications and implement the free surface evolution capabilities. REFERENCES Leng,W.,Ju,L.,Gunzburger,M. & Price,S., 2013. Manufactured solutions and the verification of three-dimensional stokes ice-sheet models. Cryosphere 7,19-29. Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson,G.H., Hindmarsh, R

Monitoring Impacts of Long-Term Drought on Surface Water Quantity and Quality in Middle Rio Grande Basin Reservoirs Using Multispectral Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mubako, S. T.; Hargrove, W. L.

2017-12-01

The Elephant Butte and Caballo dams form the largest surface water reservoirs in the Middle Rio Grande basin. The basin supports more than 2 million people, including the major urban centers of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, El Paso, Texas, and Las Cruces, New Mexico, plus more than 70,000 ha of land with water rights for irrigated agriculture. However, this region has experienced severe droughts and growing water demand over the past few decades. This study applied GIS and remote sensing techniques to (1) quantify the shrinking and expansion of the reservoirs for the 44-year period 1973-2017; (2) demonstrate the use of multispectral satellite imagery for qualitative assessment of reservoir water turbidity; and (3) investigate and compare annual and seasonal variability of reservoir temperature. Our preliminary results show apparent shrinkage and recovery cycles of both reservoirs, depending on annual inflow and diversion cycles. For example, the period 1981 to 1993 was unusually `wet' on average, in contrast to the period around September 2002 when the Elephant Butte reservoir shrinked to less than 11 percent of its capacity due to drought. Water in the reservoirs appears more turbid in the fall compared to the summer season, and satellite images showed distinctive zones of deep and shallow water, with evident sedimentation near the in-flow of each reservoir. Examination of image digital numbers revealed the following three distinct temperature zones: scrub environment around the reservoirs, very shallow water around reservoir edges, and deeper reservoir water. The zones were represented by a higher range of digital numbers in the summer in comparison to the fall season, indicating greater surface temperature variability in the summer season. The distinction between high summer temperatures and low fall temperatures was especially prominent along the shallow edges of each reservoir. The fluctuating thermal patterns can be explained by variations in depth

Downregulation of the spinal NMDA receptor NR2B subunit during electro-acupuncture relief of chronic visceral hyperalgesia.

PubMed

Liu, Hongping; Zhang, Yuhua; Qi, Debo; Li, Weimin

2017-01-01

The involvement of spinal NR2B, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit, in the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on chronic visceral hyperalgesia was investigated. Chronic visceral hyperalgesia was induced using an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model in rats. Graded colorectal distention (CRD) stimuli at strengths of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg were applied, and behavioral tests were performed to measure the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) in response to the CRD stimuli and assess the severity of the visceral hyperalgesia. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal intact (control) group, IBS model (model) group, EA-treated IBS rats (EA) group and sham EA-treated IBS rats (sham EA) group. For the EA treatment, electric stimuli were applied through needles inserted into two acupoints [Zu-san-li (ST-36) and Shang-ju-xu (ST-37)] in both hind limbs, while the sham EA treatment consisted of only the insertion of needles into these same acupoints without an application of electric stimuli. Our results showed that AWR scores of the model group responding to CRD stimuli of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg were significantly increased. These increased scores subsequently decreased following EA treatment (P < 0.05) compared with those for the other groups. The expression of NR2B in the superficial laminae (SDH, laminae I and II), nucleus proprius (NP, laminae III and IV), neck of the dorsal horn (NECK, laminae V and VI) and central canal region (lamina X) at thoracolumbar (T13-L2) and lumbosacral (L6-S2) segmental level significantly increased in the model group versus the control group (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased after EA treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in neither AWR scores nor expression of the NR2B subunit in these spinal regions after the sham EA treatment. These results confirm that EA can relieve chronic visceral hyperalgesia in IBS model rats and suggest that such an effect is possibly mediated through the

International CJMT-1 Workshop on Asteroidal Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ip, Wing-Huen

2014-03-01

An international workshop on asteroidal science was held between October 16 and 17, 2012, at the Macau University of Science and Technology gathering together experts on asteroidal study in China, Japan, Macao and Taiwan. For this reason, we have called it CJMT-1 Workshop. Though small in sizes, the asteroids orbiting mainly between the orbit of Mars and of Jupiter have important influence on the evolution of the planetary bodies. Topics ranging from killer asteroids to space resources are frequently mentioned in news reports with prominence similar to the search for water on Mars. This also means that the study of asteroids is very useful in exciting the imagination and interest in science of the general public. Several Asian countries have therefore developed long-term programs integrating ground-based observations and space exploration with Japan being the most advanced and ambitious as demonstrated by the very successful Hayabusa mission to asteroid 25143 Itokawa. In this volume we will find descriptions of the mission planning of Hayabusa II to the C-type near-Earth asteroid, 1999 JU3. Not to be outdone, China's Chang-E 2 spacecraft was re-routed to a flyby encounter with asteroid 4179 Toutatis in December 2012. It is planned that in the next CJMT workshop, we will have the opportunity to learn more about the in-depth data analysis of the Toutatis observations and the progress reports on the Hayabusa II mission which launch date is set to be July 2014. Last but not least, the presentations on the ground-based facilities as described in this volume will pave the way for coordinated observations of asteroidal families and Trojan asteroids - across Asia from Taiwan to Uzbekistan. Such international projects will serve as an important symbol of good will and peaceful cooperation among the key members of this group. Finally, I want to thank the Space Science Institute, Macao University of Science and Technology, for generous support, and its staff members

Abnormal islet sphingolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetes.

PubMed

Holm, Laurits J; Krogvold, Lars; Hasselby, Jane P; Kaur, Simranjeet; Claessens, Laura A; Russell, Mark A; Mathews, Clayton E; Hanssen, Kristian F; Morgan, Noel G; Koeleman, Bobby P C; Roep, Bart O; Gerling, Ivan C; Pociot, Flemming; Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut; Buschard, Karsten

2018-07-01

available online at https://www.dropbox.com/s/93mk5tzl5fdyo6b/Abnormal%20islet%20sphingolipid%20metabolism%20in%20type%201%20diabetes%2C%20RNA%20expression.xlsx?dl=0 . A list of SNPs identified is available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/yfojma9xanpp2ju/Abnormal%20islet%20sphingolipid%20metabolism%20in%20type%201%20diabetes%20SNP.xlsx?dl=0 .

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Kidney Disease Loss Scale to the Brazilian context.

PubMed

Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza

2016-01-01

Losses can be conceptualized as cognitive and affective responses to individual sorrows, characterized by brooding, yearning, disbelief and stunned feelings, being clinically significant in chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Kidney Disease Loss Scale into Portuguese. Validation study involving the steps recommended in the literature for healthcare instruments: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, review by a committee of judges and pretest. The scale was translated and adapted to the Portuguese language, being quick and easy to application. The reliability and reproducibility showed satisfactory values. Factor analysis indicated a factor that explains 59.7% of the losses construct. The Kidney Disease Loss Scale was translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context, allowing future studies of losses and providing tools for the professionals working in dialysis centers for assistance to people with chronic kidney disease. As perdas podem ser conceituadas como respostas cognitivas e afetivas para tristezas individuais, caracterizadas pelo remoer, anseio, descrença e sentimentos atordoados, sendo clinicamente significativa em doenças crônicas. O objetivo do estudo foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o Kidney Disease Loss Scale para a língua portuguesa. Estudo de validação envolveu as etapas preconizadas na literatura internacional para instrumentos da área de saúde: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de juízes, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. A escala foi traduzida e adaptada para o idioma português, sendo de fácil e rápida aplicação. A confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade apresentaram valores satisfatórios. A análise fatorial indicou um fator que explica 59,7% do constructo de perdas. A Escala de Perdas referente à Doença Renal foi traduzida, adaptada e validada para o

Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Seyfert 1 and Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Ardila, Alberto; Pastoriza, Miriani G.; Donzelli, Carlos J.

2000-01-01

This paper studies the continuum and emission-line properties of a sample composed of 16 normal Seyfert 1 and seven narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies using optical and near-IR CCD spectroscopy. The continuum emission of the galaxies can be described in terms of a combination of stellar population, a nonstellar continuum of power-law form, and Fe II emission. A significative difference in the optical spectral index between NLS1's and normal Seyfert 1's is observed; the latter is steeper. Most NLS1's show Fe II/Hβ ratios larger than those observed in the other Seyfert 1's. In the IRAS band, both groups of galaxies have very similar properties. We have searched for the presence of optically thin gas in the broad-line region (BLR) of the galaxies by comparing the broad O I λ8446 and Hα emission-line profiles. Our analysis show that in the NLS1's, both profiles are similar in shape and width. This result contradicts the hypothesis of thin gas emission in the high-velocity part of the BLR to explain the ``narrowness'' of broad optical permitted lines in these objects. Evidence of narrow O I λ8446 emission is found in six galaxies of our sample, implying that this line is not restricted to a pure BLR phenomenon. In the narrow-line region, we find similar luminosities in the permitted and high-ionization lines of NLS1's and normal Seyfert 1's. However, low-ionization lines such as [O I] λ6300, [O II] λ3727, and [S II] λλ6717, 6731 are intrinsically less luminous in NLS1's. Physical properties derived from density- and temperature-sensitive line ratios suggest that the [O II] and [S II] emitting zones are overlapping in normal Seyfert 1's and separated in NLS1's. Based on observations made at CASLEO. Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO) is operated under agreement between the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas de la República Argentina and the National Universities of La Plata, Córdoba and San Juán.

Cytotoxic effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. in malignant cell lines

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Euterpe oleracea Mart., a plant from the Amazon region, is commonly known as açaí or juçara; it has high nutritional value and elevated levels of lipids, proteins, and minerals. Açaí is an abundant and much consumed fruit by the Amazon local population, and studies have demonstrated that it is rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test this plant for anticancer activity in different human malignant cell lines. Methods Cell lines derived from breast and colorectal adenocarcinomas were treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of bark, seed, and total açaí fruit hydroalcoholic extracts for 24 and 48 h. After treatment, cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and cell morphological features were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The type of cell death was also evaluated. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey’s post hoc tests, as appropriate. Results We observed that of all the cell lines tested, MCF-7 was the only line that responded to açaí treatment. The extracts caused significant reduction (p < 0.01) in cell viability and altered cell morphological features by inducing the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, increased expression of LC3BII, a protein marker of autophagosome formation, was observed by western blotting. Caspase Glo™ assays and morphologic observations by DAPI nuclear staining and transmission electron microscopy did not indicate any apoptotic events. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that açaí possesses antitumorigenic potential in the MCF-7 cell line. Further studies are needed to identify the compound (s) responsible for this cytotoxic activity and the molecular target in the cell. This discovery of the

NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission: The Boulder Capture Option

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abell, Paul; Nuth, Joseph A.; Mazanek, Dan D.; Merrill, Raymond G.; Reeves, David M.; Naasz, Bo J.

2014-11-01

NASA is examining two options for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), which will return asteroid material to a Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (LDRO) using a robotic solar-electric-propulsion spacecraft, called the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV). Once the ARV places the asteroid material into the LDRO, a piloted mission will rendezvous and dock with the ARV. After docking, astronauts will conduct two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to inspect and sample the asteroid material before returning to Earth. One option involves capturing an entire small (˜4-10 m diameter) near-Earth asteroid (NEA) inside a large inflatable bag. However, NASA is examining another option that entails retrieving a boulder (˜1-5 m) via robotic manipulators from the surface of a larger (˜100+ m) pre-characterized NEA. This option can leverage robotic mission data to help ensure success by targeting previously (or soon to be) well-characterized NEAs. For example, the data from the Hayabusa mission has been utilized to develop detailed mission designs that assess options and risks associated with proximity and surface operations. Hayabusa’s target NEA, Itokawa, has been identified as a valid target and is known to possess hundreds of appropriately sized boulders on its surface. Further robotic characterization of additional NEAs (e.g., Bennu and 1999 JU3) by NASA’s OSIRIS REx and JAXA’s Hayabusa 2 missions is planned to begin in 2018. The boulder option is an extremely large sample-return mission with the prospect of bringing back many tons of well-characterized asteroid material to the Earth-Moon system. The candidate boulder from the target NEA can be selected based on inputs from the world-wide science community, ensuring that the most scientifically interesting boulder be returned for subsequent sampling. This boulder option for NASA’s ARM can leverage knowledge of previously characterized NEAs from prior robotic missions, which provides more certainty of the target NEA�

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 168

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baglin, Coral M.

2010-07-15

Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A=168 (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) have been evaluated and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation supersedes the previous publication (V.S. Shirley, Nuclear Data Sheets 71, 261 (1994) (literature cutoff date July 1993)) and subsequent ENSDF file revisions for Tb and Dy (C. Baglin, literature cutoff date of 15 June 1999) and Hf (B. Singh, literature cutoff date of 30 April 2001), and includes literature available by 15 June 2010. Since the above evaluations, the first excited states in {supmore » 168}Pt have been identified (1998Ki20, 2009Go16) and {alpha} decay from {sup 172}Hg has been observed (2009Sa27, 2004Ke06, 1999Se14). New levels in {sup 168}Dy have been excited using the {sup 170}Er({sup 82}Se,{sup 84}Kr{gamma}) reaction (2010So03). (HI,xn{gamma}) studies have significantly expanded our knowledge of level structure in {sup 168}Lu (1999Ka17, 2002Ha33), {sup 168}Ta (2008QiZZ), {sup 168}Yb (1995Fi01), {sup 168}Tm (2007CaZW), {sup 168}Hf (2009Ya21), {sup 168}Os (2001Jo11, 2009Od02) and, for {sup 168}Tm, important information has come also from (d,2n{gamma}) and ({alpha},n{gamma}) reactions (1995Si20). Revised decay schemes are available following new studies of {sup 168}Hf {epsilon} decay (6.7 min) (1997Ba26), {sup 168}Lu {epsilon} decay (1999Ba65), {sup 168}Ta {epsilon} decay (2007Mc08) and {sup 172}Au {alpha} decay (2009Ha42). Significant new information for {sup 168}Er is available from (p,t) (2006Bu09), (d,p) and (t,d) (1996Ma50), ({gamma},{gamma}') (1996Ma18), (136Xe, X{gamma}) (2010Dr02), ({sup 238}U,{sup 238}U{sup '{gamma}}) (2003Wu07) and (n,n{sup '{gamma}}) (1998Be20, 1998Be62) reactions, and the availability of {gamma}{gamma} coin data (1994Ju02, 1996Gi09) for the (n,{gamma}) E=thermal reaction has resulted in some significant level scheme revisions.« less

A Simple But Comprehensive Methodology To Determine Gas-Phase Emissions Of Motor Vehicles With Extractive FTIR Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reyes, F. M.; Jaczilevich, A.; Grutter, M. A.; Huerta, M. A.; Rincón, P.; Rincón, R.; González, R.

2004-12-01

In this contribution, a methodology to acquire valuable information on the chemical composition and evolution of vehicular emissions is presented. With this innovative experimental set-up, it is possible to obtain real-time emissions of the combustion products without the need of dilution or sample collection. Key pollutants such as CO, CO2, H2CO, CH4, NO, N2O, NH3, SO2, CH3OH, acetylene, ethylene, ethane and total hydrocarbons, most of which are not regulated nor measured by current emissions control programs, can be accurately monitored with a single instrument. An FTIR spectrometer is used for the analysis of a constant flow of sample gas from the tail-pipe into a stainless-steel cylindrical cell of constant volume.(1) The cell is heated to 185 °C to avoid condensation, the pressure is kept constant and a multi-pass optical arrangement(2)is used to transmit the modulated infrared beam several times to improve the sensitivity. The total flow from the exhaust used for calculating the emission can be continuously determined from the differential pressure measurements from a "Pitot" tube calibrated against a hot-wire devise. This simple methodology is proposed for performing state-of-the-art evaluations on the emission behavior of new technologies, reformulated fuels and emission control devices. The results presented here were performed on a dynamometer running FTP-75 and driving cycles typical for Mexico City.(3,4) References 1. Grutter M. "Multi-Gas Analysis using FTIR Spectroscopy over Mexico City." Atmosfera 16, 1-16 (2003). 2. White J.U. "Long optical paths of large aperture. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 32, 285-288 (1942). 3. Santiago Cruz L. and P.I. Rincón. "Instrumentation of the Emission Control Laboratory at the Engineering School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico." Instrumentation and Development 4, 19-24, (2000). 4. González Oropeza R. and A. Galván Zacarías. "Desarrollo de ciclos de manejo característicos de la Ciudad de México." Memorias

Efficacy of individualized homeopathic treatment and fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression in peri- and postmenopausal women (HOMDEP-MENOP): study protocol for a randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Macías-Cortés, Emma del Carmen; Aguilar-Faisal, Leopoldo; Asbun-Bojalil, Juan

2013-04-23

The perimenopausal period refers to the interval when women's menstrual cycles become irregular and is characterized by an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Use of homeopathy to treat depression is widespread but there is a lack of clinical trials about its efficacy in depression in peri- and postmenopausal women. Previous trials suggest that individualized homeopathic treatments improve depression. In classical homeopathy, an individually selected homeopathic remedy is prescribed after a complete case history of the patient. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the homeopathic individualized treatment versus placebo or fluoxetine in peri- and postmenopausal women with moderate to severe depression. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, three-arm trial with a six-week follow-up study was designed. The study will be conducted in a public research hospital in Mexico City (Juárez de México Hospital) in the outpatient service of homeopathy. One hundred eighty nine peri- and postmenopausal women diagnosed with major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (moderate to severe intensity) will be included. The primary outcome is change in the mean total score among groups on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression after the fourth and sixth week of treatment. Secondary outcomes are: Beck Depression Inventory change in mean score, Greene's Scale change in mean score, response and remission rates and safety. Efficacy data will be analyzed in the intention-to-treat population. To determine differences in the primary and secondary outcomes among groups at baseline and weeks four and six, data will be analyzed by analysis of variance for independent measures with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. This study is the first trial of classical homeopathy that will evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic individualized treatment using C-potencies versus placebo or

Efficacy of individualized homeopathic treatment and fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression in peri- and postmenopausal women (HOMDEP-MENOP): study protocol for a randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The perimenopausal period refers to the interval when women’s menstrual cycles become irregular and is characterized by an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Use of homeopathy to treat depression is widespread but there is a lack of clinical trials about its efficacy in depression in peri- and postmenopausal women. Previous trials suggest that individualized homeopathic treatments improve depression. In classical homeopathy, an individually selected homeopathic remedy is prescribed after a complete case history of the patient. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the homeopathic individualized treatment versus placebo or fluoxetine in peri- and postmenopausal women with moderate to severe depression. Methods/design A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, three-arm trial with a six-week follow-up study was designed. The study will be conducted in a public research hospital in Mexico City (Juárez de México Hospital) in the outpatient service of homeopathy. One hundred eighty nine peri- and postmenopausal women diagnosed with major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (moderate to severe intensity) will be included. The primary outcome is change in the mean total score among groups on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression after the fourth and sixth week of treatment. Secondary outcomes are: Beck Depression Inventory change in mean score, Greene’s Scale change in mean score, response and remission rates and safety. Efficacy data will be analyzed in the intention-to-treat population. To determine differences in the primary and secondary outcomes among groups at baseline and weeks four and six, data will be analyzed by analysis of variance for independent measures with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Discussion This study is the first trial of classical homeopathy that will evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic individualized treatment

A Case Study: Optimal Stage Gauge NetworkUsing Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joo, H. J.; Han, D.; Jung, J.; Kim, H. S.

2017-12-01

Recently, the possibility of occurrence of localized strong heavy rainfall due to climate change is increasing and flood damage is also increasing trend in Korea. Therefore we need more precise hydrologic analysis for preparing alternatives or measures for flood reduction by considering climate conditions which we have difficulty in the prediction. To do this, obtaining reliable hydrologic data, for an example, stage data, is very important. However, the existing stage gauge stations are scattered around the country, making it difficult to maintain them in a stable manner, and subsequently hard to acquire the hydrologic data that could be used for reflecting the localized hydrologic characteristics. In order to overcome such restrictions, this paper not only aims to establish a plan to acquire the water stage data in a constant and proper manner by using limited manpower and costs, but also establishes the fundamental technology for acquiring the water level observation data or the stage data. For that, this paper identifies the current status of the stage gauge stations installed in the Chung-Ju dam in Han river, Korea and extract the factors related to the division and characteristics of basins. Then, the obtained factors are used to develop the representative unit hydrograph that shows the characteristics of flow. After that, the data are converted into the probability density function and the stations at individual basins are selected by using the entropy theory. In last step, we establish the optimized stage gauge network by the location of the stage station and grade using the Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm(MOGA) technique that takes into account for the combinations of the number of the stations. It is expected that this paper can help establish an optimal observational network of stage guages as it can be applied usefully not only for protecting against floods in a stable manner, but also for acquiring the hydrologic data in an efficient manner. Keywords

Water and Slabs in the Transition Zone - Hydrous Ringwoodite in Diamond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pearson, D. G.; Brenker, F. E.; Nestola, F.; McNeill, J.; Nasdala, L.; Hutchison, M.; Matveev, S.; Mather, K.; Vincze, L.; Schmitz, S.; Vekemens, B.

2014-12-01

Theory and experiments have shown that the Earth's Transition Zone (TZ) could be a major repository for water, due to the ability of the higher-pressure polymorphs of olivine - wadsleyite and ringwoodite - to host up to ~2.5wt. % H2O. Despite experimental demonstration of the water-bearing capacity of these phases, geophysical probes such as electrical conductivity have provided conflicting results, and the issue of whether the TZ contains abundant water remains highly controversial. We report X-ray diffraction, Raman and infra-red spectroscopic evidence for the first terrestrial occurrence of any higher pressure polymorph of olivine: ringwoodite, included in a diamond from Juína, Brazil. The ringwoodite occurs with a Ca-walstromite phase that we interpret to be retrogressed Ca-silicate perovskite. The most likely interpretation of this two-phase assemblage is that it represents a partially retrogressed portion of a somewhat Fe-rich peridotitic mantle, in which hydrous ringwoodite, and former CaSiO3- perovskite co-existed above 15GPa. The ringwoodite has a Mg# of ~ 75, suggesting that it may be mantle hybrised with a more fertile component such as subducted oceanic crust. The water-rich nature of this inclusion (~1.5 wt%), along with the preservation of ringwoodite, is the first direct evidence that, at least locally, the TZ is hydrous, to about 1 wt%. As well as being in agreement with recent magnetotelluric estimates of the TZ water content, this amount of water helps to reconcile measured TZ seismic velocities with those predicted from lab experiments. The finding also indicates that some kimberlites must have their primary sources in this deep mantle region. The high water content of the ringwoodite suggests that it was not close to the mantle geotherm when trapped in the diamond. This may be an indication that the the assemblage was part of a water-rich subducted slab out of thermal equilibrium, within the transition zone. The water-rich nature of the

Variational Iterative Refinement Source Term Estimation Algorithm Assessment for Rural and Urban Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delle Monache, L.; Rodriguez, L. M.; Meech, S.; Hahn, D.; Betancourt, T.; Steinhoff, D.

2016-12-01

It is necessary to accurately estimate the initial source characteristics in the event of an accidental or intentional release of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or Nuclear (CBRN) agent into the atmosphere. The accurate estimation of the source characteristics are important because many times they are unknown and the Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (AT&D) models rely heavily on these estimates to create hazard assessments. To correctly assess the source characteristics in an operational environment where time is critical, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has developed a Source Term Estimation (STE) method, known as the Variational Iterative Refinement STE algorithm (VIRSA). VIRSA consists of a combination of modeling systems. These systems include an AT&D model, its corresponding STE model, a Hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian Plume Model (H-LEPM), and its mathematical adjoint model. In an operational scenario where we have information regarding the infrastructure of a city, the AT&D model used is the Urban Dispersion Model (UDM) and when using this model in VIRSA we refer to the system as uVIRSA. In all other scenarios where we do not have the city infrastructure information readily available, the AT&D model used is the Second-order Closure Integrated PUFF model (SCIPUFF) and the system is referred to as sVIRSA. VIRSA was originally developed using SCIPUFF 2.4 for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and integrated into the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability and Joint Program for Information Systems Joint Effects Model. The results discussed here are the verification and validation of the upgraded system with SCIPUFF 3.0 and the newly implemented UDM capability. To verify uVIRSA and sVIRSA, synthetic concentration observation scenarios were created in urban and rural environments and the results of this verification are shown. Finally, we validate the STE performance of uVIRSA using scenarios from the Joint Urban 2003 (JU03

The integripennis species group of Geocharidius Jeannel, 1963 (Carabidae, Bembidiini, Anillina) from Nuclear Central America: a taxonomic review with notes about biogeography and speciation

PubMed Central

Sokolov, Igor M.; Kavanaugh, David H.

2014-01-01

Abstract Our review recognizes 15 species of the integripennis species group of Geocharidius from Nuclear Central America, include three species previously described (Geocharidius gimlii Erwin, Geocharidius integripennis (Bates) and Geocharidius zullinii Vigna Taglianti) and 12 described here as new. They are: Geocharidius andersoni sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas, Chiapas Highlands, Cerro Huitepec) and Geocharidius vignatagliantii sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas, Motozintla, Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Benito Juárez) from Mexico; Geocharidius antigua sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez, 5 km SE of Antigua), Geocharidius balini sp. n. (type locality: Suchitepéquez, 4 km S of Volcan Atitlán), Geocharidius erwini sp. n. (type locality: Quiché Department, 7 km NE of Los Encuentros), Geocharidius jalapensis sp. n. (type locality: Jalapa Department, 4 km E of Mataquescuintla), Geocharidius longinoi, sp. n. (type locality: El Progreso Department, Cerro Pinalón), and Geocharidius minimus sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez Department, 5 km SE of Antigua) from Guatemala; and Geocharidius celaquensis sp. n. (type locality: Lempira Department, Celaque National Park), Geocharidius comayaguanus sp. n. (type locality: Comayagua Department, 18 km ENE of Comayagua), Geocharidius disjunctus sp. n. (type locality: Francisco Morazán, La Tigra National Park), and Geocharidius lencanus sp. n. (type locality: Lempira Department, Celaque National Park) from Honduras. For all members of the group, adult structural characters, including male and female genitalia, are described, and a taxonomic key for all members of the integripennis species group is presented based on these characters. Behavioral and biogeographical aspects of speciation in the group are discussed, based on the morphological analysis. In all cases of sympatry, pairs of closely related species show greater differences in sizes than pairs of more remotely related species. Integripennis group species occupy six different

Advanced Curation of Current and Future Extraterrestrial Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Carlton C.

2013-01-01

Curation of extraterrestrial samples is the critical interface between sample return missions and the international research community. Curation includes documentation, preservation, preparation, and distribution of samples. The current collections of extraterrestrial samples include: Lunar rocks / soils collected by the Apollo astronauts Meteorites, including samples of asteroids, the Moon, and Mars "Cosmic dust" (asteroid and comet particles) collected by high-altitude aircraft Solar wind atoms collected by the Genesis spacecraft Comet particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft Interstellar dust collected by the Stardust spacecraft Asteroid particles collected by the Hayabusa spacecraft These samples were formed in environments strikingly different from that on Earth. Terrestrial contamination can destroy much of the scientific significance of many extraterrestrial materials. In order to preserve the research value of these precious samples, contamination must be minimized, understood, and documented. In addition the samples must be preserved - as far as possible - from physical and chemical alteration. In 2011 NASA selected the OSIRIS-REx mission, designed to return samples from the primitive asteroid 1999 RQ36 (Bennu). JAXA will sample C-class asteroid 1999 JU3 with the Hayabusa-2 mission. ESA is considering the near-Earth asteroid sample return mission Marco Polo-R. The Decadal Survey listed the first lander in a Mars sample return campaign as its highest priority flagship-class mission, with sample return from the South Pole-Aitken basin and the surface of a comet among additional top priorities. The latest NASA budget proposal includes a mission to capture a 5-10 m asteroid and return it to the vicinity of the Moon as a target for future sampling. Samples, tools, containers, and contamination witness materials from any of these missions carry unique requirements for acquisition and curation. Some of these requirements represent significant advances over

Experimental study on the impact-induced seismic wave propagating through granular materials: Implications for a future asteroid mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yasui, M.; Matsumoto, E.; Arakawa, M.; Matsue, K.; Kobayashi, N.

2014-07-01

almost consistent with that of McGarr et al. (1969), 0.39-1.62. We can conclude that I/I_p is independent of the impact velocity. Implications for planetary exploration: According to the previous results, we can discuss the sensitivity of the seismometer to detect the seismic wave induced by an artificial impactor on asteroids. We calculated the maximum acceleration on asteroids with two different sizes, such as the sizes of Eros and 1999JU3, by assuming that the projectile made of copper with a mass of 2 kg impacted at 2 km/s. In this calculation, we used the crater scaling law and the attenuation equation of g_max obtained in our study. As a result, the seismometer could detect the seismic wave only around the crater cavity on an Eros-sized asteroid while it could detect the wave globally on a 1999JU3-sized asteroid.

Micro-geomorphology Surveying and Analysis of Xiadian Fault Scarp, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, R.

2014-12-01

analysis of offset strata of the trench, we conform that the middle segment of the fault scarp is made by 1679 earthquake; 4) The fault scarp strikes along with the Ju river at the northeast segment of the Xiadian fault which course the asymmetrical valley geomorphology.

Evaluating In-Car Movements in the Design of Mindful Commute Interventions: Exploratory Study.

PubMed

Paredes, Pablo Enrique; Hamdan, Nur Al-Huda; Clark, Dav; Cai, Carrie; Ju, Wendy; Landay, James A

2017-12-04

role of prior awareness of mindful techniques in the adoption of new movement-based interventions. This exploratory study provides insights into which types of movements could be better suited to design mindful interventions to reduce stress for commuters, when to encourage such movements, and how best to guide them using noninvasive haptic stimuli embedded in the car seat. ©Pablo Enrique Paredes, Nur Al-Huda Hamdan, Dav Clark, Carrie Cai, Wendy Ju, James A Landay. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 04.12.2017.

The Narrow-Line Region of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Ardila, A.; Binette, Luc; Pastoriza, Miriani G.; Donzelli, Carlos J.

2000-08-01

(CASLEO) is operated under agreement between the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas de la República Argentina and the National Universities of La Plata, Córdoba and San Juán.

[The beginning of western medical education].

PubMed

Kee, C D

1992-01-01

Our country had quite an advanced system of medical education during the era of the Koryo Kingdom, and during the Choson Dynasty, the Kyong Guk Dae Jon, in which a systematized medical education was clearly described, was compiled in the era of King Sejong. However, the educational system was not for Western medicine. Western medicine was first introduced to our country in the 9th year of King Injo (1631) when Chong Du Won, Yi Yong Jun, etc. returned from Yon Gyong (Beiuin) with Chik Bang Oe Gi. Knowledge of Western medicine was disseminated by Shil Hak (practical learning) scholars who read a translation in Chinese characters, of Chik Bang Oe Gi. Yi Ik (Song Ho), Yi Gyu Gyong (O ju), Choe Han Gi (Hye Gang), Chong Yak Yong (Ta San), etc., read books of Western medicine and introduced in writing the excellent theory of Western medicine. In addition, Yu Hyong Won (Pan Gye), Pak Ji Won (Yon Am), Pak Je Ga (Cho Jong), etc., showed much interest in Western medicine, but no writings by them about western medicine can be found. With the establishment of a treaty of amity with Japan in the 13th year of King Kojong (1876), followed by the succession of amity treaties with Western powers, foreigners including medical doctors were permitted to flow into this country. At that time, doctors Horace N. Allen, W. B. Scranton, John W. Heron, Rosetta Sherwood (Rosetta S. Hall), etc., came to Korea and inaugurated hospitals, where they taught Western medicine to Korean students. Dr. Horace N. Allen, with the permission of king Kojong, established Che Jung Won in April 1885, and in March 1886, he began at the hospital to provide education of Western medicine to Korean students who were recrutied by the Korean Government. However, the education was not conduted on a regular basis, only training them for work as assistants. This is considered to be the pioneer case of Western medical education in this country. Before that time, Japanese medical doctors came to Korea, but there are no

MicrOmega: an IR hyperspectral microscope to in-situ analyze planetary and small bodies samples, at their grain scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pilorget, C.; Bibring, J.-P.; Berthe, M.; MicrOmega Team

2012-04-01

The coupling between imaging and spectrometry has proved to be one of the most promising way to remotely study planetary objects. We propose to use this concept for in situ analyses to characterize the composition of samples at their grain size scale. Coupled to the mapping information, the spectroscopic information provides unique clues to trace back the history of the parent body (planet, satellite or small body). In particular, the microscopic information enables to correlate the different phases within a sample, as well as to identify minor components at a larger scale. MicrOmega IR is being developed within this scope. It is an ultra miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope dedicated to in situ analyses, capable of characterize samples in a non-destructive way. It has been selected to fly onboard the ExoMars rover (Pasteur paylaod), expected to be launched in 2018, and more recently on the Hayabusa-2 lander (launch in 2015), aiming at studying a C-type asteroid (1999JU3). MicrOmega acquires reflectance spectra of ~ 5 mm-sized samples with a spatial sampling of 20 μm. A monochromator, based on an AOTF (Acousto Optical Tuneable Filter), illuminates sequentially the sample in up to 500 contiguous wavelength channels (spectral sampling of ~ 20 cm-1) covering the spectral range of interest (0.9 - 3.5 µm). For each channel, an image is acquired on a 2D detector, building a tridimensional (x,y,λ) image cube. MicrOmega spectral range and spectral sampling have been chosen to enable the identification of most potential constituents: silicates, oxides, salts, hydrated minerals, ices and frosts, organics, discriminating between specific members in each family (e.g. low and high Ca pyroxenes, forsterite and fayalite, Mg and Al rich phyllosilicates, aliphatic and aromatic phases). These identifications at the grain scale will provide us with important clues to understand the magmatic, tectonic and alteration processes that has experienced the parent body and

EUropean prospective cohort study on Enterobacteriaceae showing REsistance to CArbapenems (EURECA): a protocol of a European multicentre observational study.

PubMed

Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Belén; Sojo-Dorado, Jesús; Bravo-Ferrer, José; Cuperus, Nienke; de Kraker, Marlieke; Kostyanev, Tomislav; Raka, Lul; Daikos, George; Feifel, Jan; Folgori, Laura; Pascual, Alvaro; Goossens, Herman; O'Brien, Seamus; Bonten, Marc J M; Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús

2017-04-03

The rapid worldwide spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) constitutes a major challenge. The aim of the EUropean prospective cohort study on Enterobacteriaceae showing REsistance to CArbapenems (EURECA), which is part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI JU) funded COMBACTE-CARE project, is to investigate risk factors for and outcome determinants of CRE infections to inform randomised clinical trial designs and to provide a historical cohort that could eventually be used for future comparisons with new drugs targeting CRE. A multicentre (50 sites), multinational (11 European countries), analytical observational project was designed, comprising 3 studies. The aims of study 1 (a prospective cohort study) include characterising the features, clinical management and outcomes of hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections and bloodstream infections caused by CRE (202 patients in each group). The main outcomes will be 30-day all-cause mortality and clinical response. Study 2 (a nested case-control study) will identify the risk factors for target infections caused by CRE; 248 selected patients from study 1 will be matched with patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (1:1) and with hospitalised patients (1:3) and will provide a historical cohort of patients with CRE infections. Study 3 (a matched cohort study) will follow patients in study 2 in order to assess mortality, length of stay and hospital costs associated with CRE. All patients will be followed for 30 days. Different, up-to-date statistical methods will be applied to come to unbiased estimates for all 3 studies. Before-study sites will be initiated, approval will be sought from appropriate regulatory agencies and local Ethics Committees of Research or Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to conduct the study in accordance with regulatory requirements. This is an observational study and therefore no

Comparison of the anti-ulcer activity between the crude and bran-processed Atractylodes lancea in the rat model of gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

PubMed

Yu, Yan; Jia, Tian-Zhu; Cai, Qian; Jiang, Ning; Ma, Ming-Yue; Min, Dong-Yu; Yuan, Yuan

2015-02-03

The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (AL, Compositae, Chinese name: Cangzhu; Japanese name: Sou-ju-tsu) has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases such as digestive disorders, rheumatic diseases, and influenza in China, Korea and Japan. The crude AL and AL bran-processed are both listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the differences between the effects of the crude and AL bran-processed on gastric ulcer were poorly understood, and the mechanisms for the treatment of gastric ulcer were not clear. This study aimed at comparing the anti-ulcer effects between the crude AL and AL processed in acetic acid induced model in rats and evaluating the mechanisms of action involved in the anti-ulcer properties of AL. The model of gastric ulcer was imitated by acetic acid in rats, and AL was gavaged. The serum and gastric tissues were collected. The levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), trefoil factor2 (TFF2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6, 8 (IL-6, 8) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum and gastric tissues were determined by the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expressions of EGF, TFF2, TNF-α, and IL-8 in stomach were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Meanwhile, histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. The protein expressions of EGF, TFF2, TNF-α, and IL-8 were examined by immunohistochemistry in stomach. The results demonstrated that the damage of gastric tissue was obviously alleviated and the productions of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and PGE2 and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, and IL-8 were notably inhibited. Furthermore, the productions of EGF and TFF2 and the mRNA expressions of EGF and TFF2 were significantly stimulated by both crude AL and AL processed in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the crude AL, the processed AL was more effective. The AL processed had more satisfactory

Compressible turbulent channel flow with impedance boundary conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scalo, Carlo; Bodart, Julien; Lele, Sanjiva K.

2015-03-01

We have performed large-eddy simulations of isothermal-wall compressible turbulent channel flow with linear acoustic impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) for the wall-normal velocity component and no-slip conditions for the tangential velocity components. Three bulk Mach numbers, Mb = 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, with a fixed bulk Reynolds number, Reb = 6900, have been investigated. For each Mb, nine different combinations of IBC settings were tested, in addition to a reference case with impermeable walls, resulting in a total of 30 simulations. The adopted numerical coupling strategy allows for a spatially and temporally consistent imposition of physically realizable IBCs in a fully explicit compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The IBCs are formulated in the time domain according to Fung and Ju ["Time-domain impedance boundary conditions for computational acoustics and aeroacoustics," Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 18(6), 503-511 (2004)]. The impedance adopted is a three-parameter damped Helmholtz oscillator with resonant angular frequency, ωr, tuned to the characteristic time scale of the large energy-containing eddies. The tuning condition, which reads ωr = 2πMb (normalized with the speed of sound and channel half-width), reduces the IBCs' free parameters to two: the damping ratio, ζ, and the resistance, R, which have been varied independently with values, ζ = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and R = 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, for each Mb. The application of the tuned IBCs results in a drag increase up to 300% for Mb = 0.5 and R = 0.01. It is shown that for tuned IBCs, the resistance, R, acts as the inverse of the wall-permeability and that varying the damping ratio, ζ, has a secondary effect on the flow response. Typical buffer-layer turbulent structures are completely suppressed by the application of tuned IBCs. A new resonance buffer layer is established characterized by large spanwise-coherent Kelvin-Helmholtz rollers, with a well-defined streamwise wavelength λx, traveling downstream with

Development of a virtual learning environment for cardiorespiratory arrest training.

PubMed

Silva, Anazilda Carvalho da; Bernardes, Andrea; Évora, Yolanda Dora Martinez; Dalri, Maria Célia Barcellos; Silva, Alexandre Ribeiro da; Sampaio, Camila Santana Justo Cintra

2016-01-01

satisfazer às necessidades do público-alvo, por oito juízes especialistas, sendo disponibilizado para acesso eletrônico. O AVA tem potencial como ferramenta para formação e capacitação em SBV porser facilmente integrado a outras abordagens pedagógicas e estratégias com metodologias ativas.

Using aerated gravel-packed contact bed and constructed wetland system for polluted river water purification: A case study in Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, J. L.; Tu, Y. T.; Chiang, P. C.; Chen, S. H.; Kao, C. M.

2015-06-01

The Ju-Liao Stream is one of the most contaminated streams in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A constructed wetland (CW) system was built in 2010 for polluted stream water purification and ecosystem improvement. An aerated gravel-packed contact bed (CB) system was built in 2011 and part of the stream water was treated by the CB before discharging to the CW. The influent rates of the CW and CB were approximately 5570 and 900 m3/d, respectively. The CW contained one free-water surface basin planted with emergent wetland plants, followed by the plug-flow channel-shaped free-water surface basin planted with emergent and floating wetland plants. The mean measured hydraulic loading rate (HLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), water depth, and total volume of wetland system were 1.7 m/d, 0.68 d, 0.7 m, and 4400 m3, respectively. The aeration zone of the CB system had a dimension of 24 m (L) × 8 m (W) × 3 m (H), which was filled with gravels (average diameter = 5 cm) with a porosity of 0.4, and the aeration rate was 7.8 m3/min. Results show that the CB system was able to remove 69% of suspended solid (SS), 86% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 58% of total nitrogen (TN). Up to 82% of BOD and 27% of TN could be removed in the CW system. Removal efficiency of SS was affected by the growth of chlorophyll a in the CW system due to the growth of algae. The observed first-order decay rates (k) for BOD and TN in CB were 9.3 and 4.2 1/d, and the k values for BOD and TN removal in CW were 2.5 and 0.45 1/d. The high pollutant removal efficiencies in the CB system indicate that the system could enhance the organic and nutrient removal through the biological processes effectively. Sediments contained high total organic matter (1.9-4.5%), sediment total nitrogen (6.4-10.1 g/kg), sediment total phosphorus (0.59-0.94 g/kg), and sediment oxygen demand (0.9-4.1 g O2/m2 d). The organic and nutrient-abundant sediments resulted in reduced conditions (oxidation-reduction potential measurements

Geophysics- and geochemistry-based assessment of the geochemical characteristics and groundwater-flow system of the U.S. part of the Mesilla Basin/Conejos-Médanos aquifer system in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas, 2010–12

USGS Publications Warehouse

Teeple, Andrew P.

2017-06-16

One of the largest rechargeable groundwater systems by total available volume in the Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin (hereinafter referred to as the “Rio Grande”) region of the United States and Mexico, the Mesilla Basin/Conejos-Médanos aquifer system, supplies water for irrigation as well as for cities of El Paso, Texas; Las Cruces, New Mexico; and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation assessed the groundwater resources in the Mesilla Basin and surrounding areas in Doña Ana County, N. Mex., and El Paso County, Tex., by using a combination of geophysical and geochemical methods. The study area consists of approximately 1,400 square miles in Doña Ana County, N. Mex., and 100 square miles in El Paso County, Tex. The Mesilla Basin composes most of the study area and can be divided into three parts: the Mesilla Valley, the West Mesa, and the East Bench. The Mesilla Valley is the part of the Mesilla Basin that was incised by the Rio Grande between Selden Canyon to the north and by a narrow valley (about 4 miles wide) to the southeast near El Paso, Tex., named the Paso del Norte, which is sometimes referred to in the literature as the “El Paso Narrows.”Previously published geophysical data for the study area were compiled and these data were augmented by collecting additional geophysical and geochemical data. Geophysical resistivity measurements from previously published helicopter frequency domain electromagnetic data, previously published direct-current resistivity soundings, and newly collected (2012) time-domain electromagnetic soundings were used in the study to detect spatial changes in the electrical properties of the subsurface, which reflect changes that occur within the hydrogeology. The geochemistry of the groundwater system was evaluated by analyzing groundwater samples collected in November 2010 for physicochemical properties, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, pesticides

Effects of ice storm on forest ecosystem of southern China in 2008 Shaoqiang Wang1, Lei Zhou1, Weimin Ju2, Kun Huang1 1Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, 10010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shaoqiang

2014-05-01

Evidence is mounting that an increase in extreme climate events has begun to occur worldwide during the recent decades, which affect biosphere function and biodiversity. Ecosystems returned to its original structures and functions to maintain its sustainability, which was closely dependent on ecosystem resilience. Understanding the resilience and recovery capacity of ecosystem to extreme climate events is essential to predicting future ecosystem responses to climate change. Given the overwhelming importance of this region in the overall carbon cycle of forest ecosystems in China, south China suffered a destructive ice storm in 2008. In this study, we used the number of freezing day and a process-based model (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator, BEPS) to characterize the spatial distribution of ice storm region in southeastern China and explore the impacts on carbon cycle of forest ecosystem over the past decade. The ecosystem variables, i.e. Net primary productivity (NPP), Evapotranspiration (ET), and Water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of NPP to ET) from the outputs of BEPS models were used to detect the resistance and resilience of forest ecosystem in southern China. The pattern of ice storm-induced forest productivity widespread decline was closely related to the number of freezing day during the ice storm period. The NPP of forest area suffered heavy ice storm returned to normal status after five months with high temperature and ample moisture, indicated a high resilience of subtropical forest in China. The long-term changes of forest WUE remain stable, behaving an inherent sensitivity of ecosystem to extreme climate events. In addition, ground visits suggested that the recovery of forest productivity was attributed to rapid growth of understory. Understanding the variability and recovery threshold of ecosystem following extreme climate events help us to better simulate and predict the variability of ecosystem structure and function under current and future climate change.

Hydrogeologic and Hydrochemical Studies in a Semi-arid Watershed in Northern Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kretzschmar, T.; Vazquez, R.; Hinojosa, A.

2006-12-01

Within the Baja California panhandle exist quite a significant number of valleys which hydrogeology conditions are of great importance for the communities of the region. The Guadalupe Valley for example, located 30 km Northeast of Ensenada, hosts an important wine industry which presents a mayor factor for agriculture and tourism in Baja California. The irrigation is carried out basically by groundwater extracted from quaternary sediments filling this post-Miocene depression. Besides the intensive usage of the water by the wine industry in the Guadalupe Valley, the local waterworks installed in 1985 a gallery of 10 wells extracting around 320 l/s or 30 % of the total water extraction in the valley to supply the city of Ensenada with drinking water. A total of more than 500 wells with a combined annual consumption of about 28 Mio m3 are at the moment active in the valley. In the arid portions of northern Mexico Mountain front recharge presents an important recharge source for the alluvial aquifers. Other important sources directly related to precipitation are direct infiltration, recharge by surface water runoff in the arroyos as well as by active fault systems. The principal recharge sources for the Guadalupe Valley aquifer are the Sierra Juárez and the Guadalupe River. To be able to address the state of equilibrium of aquifer, recharge estimates for the watershed were calculated determining the runoff/infiltration relationships obtained by curve number determinations combined with the interpretation of satellite images. These results were integrated into an evaluation and hydrologic modeling of the hydrologic data pointing towards differences of up to over 50 percent in the recharge estimation in comparison to earlier studies carried out in the area. Furthermore hydrochemical and isotopic studies were carried out to show the effects of the excessive ground water extraction on the water quality of the aquifer. The hydrochemical data indicate that intense use of

TEAMS (Tele-Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis), a Tailored Telerehabilitation mHealth App: Participant-Centered Development and Usability Study.

PubMed

Thirumalai, Mohanraj; Rimmer, James H; Johnson, George; Wilroy, Jereme; Young, Hui-Ju; Mehta, Tapan; Lai, Byron

2018-05-24

to be delivered to the public after minor revisions. After including these revisions, the project team released the final app that is being used in the randomized controlled trial. A multi-level user-centered development process resulted in the development of an inclusive exercise program for people with multiple sclerosis operated through an easy-to-use app. The promotion of exercise through self-regulated mHealth programs requires a stakeholder-driven approach to app development. This ensures that app and content match the preferences and functional abilities of the end user (ie, people with varying levels of multiple sclerosis). ©Mohanraj Thirumalai, James H Rimmer, George Johnson, Jereme Wilroy, Hui-Ju Young, Tapan Mehta, Byron Lai. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 24.05.2018.

Satellite Detection of Ebola River Hemorrhagic Fever Epidemics Trigger Events

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tucker, Compton J.; Pinzon, Jorge E.

2006-01-01

Ebola hemorrhagic fever, named after the Ebola River in Central Africa, first appeared in June 1976, during an outbreak in Nzara and Maridi, Sudan. In September 1976, a separate outbreak was recognized in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). One fatal case was identified in Tandala, DRC, in June 1977, followed by another outbreak in Nzara, Sudan, in July 1979. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks results in a very high mortality of patients who contract the disease: from 50 to 80% of infected people perish from this highly virulent disease. Death is gruesome, with those afflicted bleeding to death from massive hemorrhaging of organs and capillaries. The disease was not identified again until the end of 1994, when three outbreaks occurred almost simultaneously in Africa. In October, an outbreak was identified in a chimpanzee community studied by primatologists in Tal, Cote d'lvoire, with one human infection. The following month, multiple cases were reported in northeast Gabon in the gold panning camps of Mekouka, Andock, and Minkebe. Later that same month, the putative index case of the 1995 Kikwit, DRC, outbreak was exposed through an unknown mechanism while working in a charcoal pit. In Gabon, two additional outbreaks were reported in February and JuIy,1996, respectively, in Mayibout II, a village 40 km south of the original outbreak in the gold panning camps, and a logging camp between Ovan and Koumameyong, near Booue. The largest Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic occurred in Gulu District, Uganda from August 2000 to January 2001. In December 2001, Ebola reappeared in the Ogooue-lvindo Province, Gabon with extension into Mbomo District, The Republic of the Congo lasting until July 2002. Since 2002 there have been several outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Gabon and adjacent areas of Congo. Of interest is the seasonal context and occasional temporal clustering of Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Near simultaneous appearances of Ebola epidemics in

Preface: Recent Developments in Taxonomy and Biodiversity of Symbiotic Copepoda (Crustacea)-A Volume in Celebration of the Career of Prof. Il-Hoi Kim.

PubMed

Huys, Rony

2016-10-11

Symbiosis is one of the most successful modes of life displayed by aquatic organisms, as measured by the number of times it evolved and how many symbiotic species are presently in existence. Among the Crustacea copepods utilize an extraordinary range of hosts, occurring on virtually every phylum of marine macroinvertebrates and, jointly with the monogeneans, are the most speciose group of metazoan ectoparasites of marine fishes (Rhode 2005). Several species have a major impact on global finfish and shellfish aquaculture, causing significant effects on farm production, economic viability and sustainability (Shinn et al. 2015). Parasitism by copepods on other metazoans has evolved independently numerous times in the evolutionary history of animal life on Earth and has led to an exceptional diversity in morphologies, physiologies, life-strategies and habitat preferences of its members. Reflecting the diversity of hosts, copepods show an amazing variety of adaptations which secure infection of and survival on the hosts. Since the first descriptions of parasitic copepods occurring on fish by Linnaeus (1758) and the first report of a copepod utilizing an invertebrate host by Say (1818) (Clausidium caudatum (Say, 1818)) the number of described symbiotic copepods has seen a steady increase over a 200-yr period, culminating in a total of 5,306 valid species recognized today. About 38% of all described copepod species utilize either vertebrate (2,450 spp.) or invertebrate hosts (2,856 spp.), however, many host groups have not been thoroughly examined, and for this reason even approximate estimates of true species numbers are futile. Plotting the proposal of new species by decade (Fig. 1) shows a sharp rise since 1950 with 67% of the species having been described in the preceding 65 years. This period of exceptionally rapid progress can be attributed to a number of highly prolific investigators such as Arthur Humes, Il-Hoi Kim, Ju-shey Ho and Jan Stock who, single-handedly or

Demographic and medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine users among dementia patients in Taiwan: a nationwide database study.

PubMed

Lin, Shun-Ku; Tsai, Yueh-Ting; Lai, Jung-Nien; Wu, Chien-Tung

2015-02-23

Few studies have reported on the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among dementia patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze factors associated with TCM users in the dementia populations and to investigate the medical conditions related to TCM visits. A total of 18,141 dementia patients were screened from the one million sample of the National Health Insurance Research Database. The dementia patients were then divided into TCM users and non-TCM users according to their medical records between 1997 and 2008. Demographic characteristics included gender, age, insured amount, and geographic location and medical conditions including comorbidity diseases, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and anti-dementia medication were also investigated. Their tendency of TCM usage was investigated using a multivariate logistic regression. In Taiwan, 43.3% dementia patients had sought TCM treatments. The inclination of TCM usage was inversely proportional to age; the younger and early-onset dementia (age less than 55 years) patients constituted the high usage group. Female, living in central Taiwan, and higher insured amount were also associated with higher tendency of TCM use. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis showed that the Adjust odds ratios (OR) of TCM use were 1.80 (95% CI=1.68-1.94), 2.52 (95% CI=2.30-2.76), and 3.41 (95% CI=3.01-3.86) for those with one, two, three or more behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), respectively compared with dementia sufferers without BPSD. In addition, polypharmacy led to higher utilization of TCM (one type: Adjust OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.28-1.56, two types: Adjust OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.63-2.00; three or more types: Adjust OR=2.95, 95% CI=2.27-2.78). More than 70% TCM visits were treated with Chinese herbal remedies, while others used acupuncture and manipulative therapies. Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (9.7%) was the most frequently prescribed formula, followed by Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San and Ban

Innovative Strategies for Asteroid Precursor Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klaus, K.; Lawrence, S.; Elsperman, M. S.; Smith, D. B.

2011-12-01

Introduction: Our ambitions for space exploration have outpaced our ability to afford frequent visits to targets of interest. Launch costs and development times continue to increase for getting large space craft to deep space. This particularly affects workforce development and imperils opportunities for new development starts. The time has come to leverage technology advances (including advances in autonomous operation and propulsion technology) to reduce the cost and increase the flight rate of planetary missions, while actively developing a scientific and engineering workforce to achieve national space objectives. Background: As demonstrated by the 1994 Clementine mission, planetary exploration missions maximizing off-the-shelf components to obtain a focused set of measurement objectives can make meaningful contributions to advancing the frontiers of space exploration by achieving numerous science and exploration objectives. Near Earth Objects [NEOs] are interesting candidates for missions of this nature. While results from recent missions (i.e., Hayabusa, NEAR, Dawn) have dramatically increased our understanding of asteroids, important questions remain. For example, characterizing the properties of asteroid regolith is an important consideration for understanding telescopic observations of asteroids, as well as preparing for future asteroid human exploration. Spacecraft Concepts: There are many candidate target asteroids that are attainable with our concept. We envision a "mothership" carrying 2-3 nanosats to the target. The nanosats would serve as in-situ explorers. The spacecraft is notionally designed for launch on a Taurus II. Our study intends on validating the concept and our notional spacecraft design will be refined and presented. The current dry mass with nanosats is estimated to be 750kg. The 1999 JU3 mission concept is a rendezvous with a 950 kg of initial spacecraft mass, launched to a C3 of 4 km2/s2. Subtracting the spacecraft dry mass from the

First Measurements of the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on the Mars Science Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martín-Torres, F. J.; Zorzano-Mier, M.; Gomez-Elvira, J.

2012-12-01

ón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain ) I. McEwan, M. Richardson Ashima Research, Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA L. Castañer, M. Domínguez, V. Jiménez, L. Kowalski, J. Ricart Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain M.A. de Pablo, M. Ramos Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain M. de la Torre Juárez Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA J. Moreno, A. Peña, J. Serrano, F. Torrero, T. Velasco EADS-CRISA, Madrid, Spain N.O. Renno Michigan University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA M. Genzer, A.-M. Harri, H. Kahanpää, J. Polkko FMI, Finland R. Haberle NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA R. Urquí INSA, Madrid, Spain

Modelling magnetic reconnection events relevant for solar physics with the new Energy Conserving Moment Implicit Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boella, Elisabetta; Herrero-Gonzalez, Diego; Innocenti, Maria Elena; Bemporad, Alessandro; Lapenta, Giovanni

2017-04-01

configuration similar to the so-called GEM challenge for different ranges of electron temperature, density and magnetic field, relative to different distances from the photosphere, demonstrating the capability of the new code. Finally, we report on the first results (to the authors' knowledge) of realistic magnetic 3D reconnection simulations in the solar environment, considering a large domain sufficient to describe the interaction of large scale dynamics with the reconnection process. A. Bemporad, ApJ 689, 572 (2008). J.U. Brackbill and D.W. Forslund, J. Comput. Phys. 46, 271 (1982). A. Langdon et al., J. Comput. Phys. 51, 107 (1983). S. Markidis and G. Lapenta, J. Comput. Phys. 230, 7037 (2011). G. Chen et al., J. Comput. Phys. 230, 7018 (2011). G. Lapenta, arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.06326 (2016). G. Lapenta et al., arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.08289 (2016).

Kinetic and thermochemical studies of the ClO + ClO + M ↔ Cl2O2 + M reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferracci, V.; Rowley, D. M.

2009-12-01

Chlorine monoxide (ClO) radicals play a crucial role in polar ozone destruction events and the ClO dimer cycle has been identified as one of the most effective ozone-depleting catalytic cycles operating in the polar winter. A recent paper by von Hobe et al.1 highlighted significant inconsistencies between laboratory results, theoretical calculations and field observations concerning the ClO dimer ozone destruction cycle. This work has investigated the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant of one of the key reactions in this cycle, ClO + ClO + M ↔ Cl2O2 + M (1, -1), by means of laser flash photolysis coupled with time-resolved UV absorption spectroscopy. ClO radicals were generated via laser flash photolysis of Cl2/Cl2O mixtures in synthetic air. The concentration of radicals was monitored via UV absorption spectroscopy: the use of a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector allowed time resolution over a broad range of wavelengths. The equilibrium constant Keq was determined as the ratio of the rate constants of the forward and reverse reaction (1, -1) over the T range 256 - 312 K. Second Law and Third Law analytical methods were employed to determine the standard enthalpy and entropy changes of reaction 1, ΔrH° and ΔrS°, from the measured equilibrium constants. The values obtained from the Second Law analysis (ΔrH° = - 80.8 ± 2.2 kJ mol-1; ΔrS° = - 168.4 ± 7.9 J K-1 mol-1) are in good agreement with previous work 2 but greater in magnitude than current NASA recommendations 3. It was also found that, under typical laboratory conditions employed in this work, [ClO] decay exhibits pure second order kinetics at T ≤ 250 K. A higher rate constant for the ClO recombination reaction (1) was also observed in this work (compared to the NASA evaluation 3), implying a higher Keq and a different partitioning between ClO and Cl2O2, shifting towards the dimer. 1. M. Von Hobe, R. J. Salawitch, T. Canty, H. Keller-Rudek, G. K. Moortgat, J.-U. Grooss, R. M�

Understanding Older Adult's Technology Adoption and Withdrawal for Elderly Care and Education: Mixed Method Analysis from National Survey.

PubMed

Chiu, Ching-Ju; Liu, Chia-Wen

2017-11-03

affected by health barriers (26.0%, 39/150 vs 15.9%, 22/138; P=.004) and anthropic factors or accidental barriers (7.3%, 11/150 vs 2.9%, 4/138; P=.02). Our findings that the need to keep up with the world associated with Internet adoption, and gender differences in reasons behind Internet withdrawal, such that women reported more health and anthropic factors or accidental barriers than man, may provide a new perspective that help health educators understand strategies that encourage older adults to keep learning, an important component of active aging. ©Ching-Ju Chiu, Chia-Wen Liu. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 03.11.2017.

Digital Base Band Converter As Radar Vlbi Backend / Dbbc Kā Ciparošanas Sistēma Radara Vlbi Novērojumiem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tuccari, G.; Bezrukovs, Vl.; Nechaeva, M.

2012-12-01

can then allow exploring easily the desired range of search for unknown or not fully determined orbit objects. These features make Radar VLBI personality most useful in the space debris measurements. DBBC sistēma izstrādāta Noto Radioastronomijas institūtā. Sistēmas galvenaisuzdevums - palielināt visa Eiropas VLBI tīkla jutību - realizēts, palielinotvisas novērojamās joslas platumu un pielietojot ciparu signālu apstrādes metodes.Izejas datu plūsma palielināta no 1 līdz 4 Gbps katram radioteleskopam un visasoperācijas, kas saistītas ar signālu apstrādi (frekvences pārveidošana, pastiprinājums,iekšējie ģeneratori, utt.), realizētas digitālā formā, kas ļauj iegūt nozīmīgusuzlabojumus atkārtojamībā, precizitātē, vienkāršībā, nemaz neminot vispārzināmāspriekšrocības, ko nodrošina digitālo tehnoloģiju izmantošana. Maksimālā ieejassignāla frekvenču josla ir 3.5 GHz, un momentānais joslas platums ir līdz 1 GHz uzkatru no astoņiem iespējamajiem RF/IF kanāliem. Šī datu reģistrācijas sistēma irļoti veiktspējīga platforma ne tikai EVN, bet arī citiem radioastronomijas pielietojumiem,un papildus tiek izstrādāta vesela virkne programmatūras pakotņu, kasvēl vairāk paplašina sistēmas funkcionalitāti. Tas ietver PFB (Polifāzes FiltruBanka) uztvērējus "Spectra”, kas piemēroti augstas izšķirtspējas spektroskopijasvajadzībām. Papildus realizēts jaunas programmatūras risinājums, ar mērķiizmantot DBBC sistēmu kā daudzfunkcionālu datu ciparošanas iekārtu, kasizmantojama bistatiskiem radara novērojumiem, tai skaitā arī radara VLBInovērojumiem. Šāda veida novērojumos tiek pētīta kosmisko atlūzu populācija,nodrošinot iespēju detektēt pat centimetra

Tectonics of Chukchi Sea Shelf sedimentary basins and its influence on petroleum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agasheva, Mariia; Antonina, Stoupakova; Anna, Suslova; Yury, Karpov

2016-04-01

The Chukchi Sea Shelf placed in the East Arctic offshore of Russia between East Siberian Sea Shelf and North Slope Alaska. The Chukchi margin is considered as high petroleum potential play. The major problem is absence of core material from drilling wells in Russian part of Chukchi Shelf, hence strong complex geological and geophysical analyses such as seismic stratigraphy interpretation should be provided. In addition, similarity to North Slope and Beaufort Basins (North Chukchi) and Hope Basin (South Chukchi) allow to infer the resembling sedimentary succession and petroleum systems. The Chukchi Sea Shelf include North and South Chukchi Basins, which are separated by Wrangel-Herald Arch and characterized by different opening time. The North Chukchi basin is formed as a general part of Canada Basin opened in Early Cretaceous. The South Chukchi Basin is characterized by a transtensional origin of the basin, this deformation related to motion on the Kobuk Fault [1]. Because seismic reflections follow chronostratigraphic correlations, it is possible to achieve stratigraphic interpretation. The main seismic horizons were indicated as: PU, JU, LCU, BU, mBU marking each regional unconformities. Reconstruction of main tectonic events of basin is important for building correct geological model. Since there are no drilling wells in the North and South Chukchi basins, source rocks could not be proven. Referring to the North Chukchi basin, source rocks equivalents of Lower Cretaceous Pebble Shale Formation, Lower Jurassic Kingdak shales and Upper Triassic Shublik Formation (North Slope) is possible exhibited [2]. In the South Chukchi, it is possible that Cretaceous source rocks could be mature for hydrocarbon generation. Erosions and uplifts that could effect on hydrocarbon preservation was substantially in Lower Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods. Most of the structures may be connected with fault and stratigraphy traps. The structure formed at Wrangel-Herald Arch to

Estimating Thermal Inertia with a Maximum Entropy Boundary Condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nearing, G.; Moran, M. S.; Scott, R.; Ponce-Campos, G.

2012-04-01

superior thermal inertia estimates. The MEP-diffusion estimates also agreed well with P estimates made using a boundary condition measured with buried flux plates. We further demonstrated the new method using diurnal surface temperature fluctuations estimated from day/night MODIS image pairs and, excluding instances where the soil was extremely dry, found a strong relationship between estimated thermal inertia and measured 5 cm soil moisture. Lu, S., Ju, Z.Q., Ren, T.S. & Horton, R. (2009). A general approach to estimate soil water content from thermal inertia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149, 1693-1698. Murray, T. & Verhoef, A. (2007). Moving towards a more mechanistic approach in the determination of soil heat flux from remote measurements - I. A universal approach to calculate thermal inertia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 147, 80-87. Wang, J.F. & Bras, R.L. (2011). A model of evapotranspiration based on the theory of maximum entropy production. Water Resources Research, 47. Xue, Y. & Cracknell, A.P. (1995). Advanced thermal inertia modeling. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16, 431-446.

Total ozone patterns over the northern mid-latitudes: spatial correlations, extreme events and dynamical contributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rieder, H. E.; Staehelin, J.; Maeder, J. A.; Ribatet, M.; Bodeker, G. E.; Davison, A. C.

2009-04-01

Tools from geostatistics and extreme value theory are applied to analyze spatial correlations in total ozone for the northern mid-latitudes. The dataset used in this study is the NIWA combined total ozone dataset (Bodeker et al., 2001; Müller et al., 2008). New tools from extreme value theory (Coles, 2001; Ribatet, 2007) have recently been applied to the world's longest total ozone record from Arosa, Switzerland (e.g. Staehelin 1998a,b), in order to describe extreme events in low and high total ozone (Rieder et al., 200x). Within the current study, patterns in spatial correlation and frequency distributions of extreme events (e.g. ELOs and EHOs) are studied for the northern mid-latitudes. New insights in spatial patterns of total ozone for the northern mid-latitudes are presented. Koch et al. (2005) found that the increase in fast isentropic transport of tropical air to northern mid-latitudes contributed significantly to ozone changes between 1980 and 1989. Within this study the influence of changes in atmospheric dynamics (e.g. tropospheric and lower stratospheric pressure systems) on column ozone over the northern mid-latitudes is analyzed for the time period 1979-2007. References: Bodeker, G.E., J.C. Scott, K. Kreher, and R.L. McKenzie, Global ozone trends in potential vorticity coordinates using TOMS and GOME intercompared against the Dobson network: 1978-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D19), 23029-23042, 2001. Coles, S.: An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values, Springer Series in Statistics, ISBN:1852334592, Springer, Berlin, 2001. Koch, G., H. Wernli, C. Schwierz, J. Staehelin, and T. Peter (2005), A composite study on the structure and formation of ozone miniholes and minihighs over central Europe, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12810, doi:10.1029/2004GL022062. Müller, R., Grooß, J.-U., Lemmen, C., Heinze, D., Dameris, M., and Bodeker, G.: Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 251-264, 2008. Ribatet

Volcanic Risk Perception in Five Communities Located near the Chichón Volcano, Northern Chiapas, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodriguez, F.; Novelo-Casanova, D. A.

2010-12-01

The Chichón volcano (17° 19’ N and 93° 15’ W) is located in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. This volcano is classified by UNESCO as one of the ten most dangerous volcanos in the world. The eruptions of March and April in 1982 affected at least 51 communities located in the surroundings of the volcano and caused the death of about 2000 people. In this work we evaluate the risk perception in five communities highly populated: Juárez, Ostuacán, Pichucalco, Reforma and Sunuapa. We selected these communities because they have a high possibility to be affected by a volcanic eruption in the future. Our survey was carried out during February and March 2006. A total of 222 families were interviewed using a questionnaire to measure risk perception. These questionnaires retrieved general information as how long people had been living there and their reasons to do so; their experiences during the 1982 events, their opinion about the authorities participation and their perception of volcanic risk; the plans of the community for disaster prevention and mitigation. Some of the most important results are: (1). People perceive a very low volcanic risk and the 70% of interviewees believe that a new eruption in the future is almost improbable because it happened in 1982. This result is particularly interesting because, according to the state government, more than 100,000 inhabitants will be directly affected in case of a new similar eruption; (2). About 95% of the population do not know the current activity of the volcano and consider that the authorities do not inform properly to their communities; (3). The response of the authorities during the events of 1982 was ranked as deficient mainly because they were unable provide shelters, storage facilities, food as well as medicine and health care access; (4). Approximately 60% of the community will accept to be re-located again in case of a new eruption; (5). About 70% of the population will not accept to be re-located because

A multi-approach to the optical depth of a contrail cirrus cluster

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vazquez-Navarro, Margarita; Bugliaro, Luca; Schumann, Ulrich; Strandgren, Johan; Wirth, Martin; Voigt, Christiane

2017-04-01

., Curtius, J., Dollner, M., Dörnbrack, A., Dreiling, V., Ebert, V., Ehrlich, A., Fix, A., Forster, L., Frank, F., Fütterer, D., Giez, A., Graf, K., Grooß, J.-U., Groß, S., Heimerl, K., Heinold, B., Hüneke, T., Järvinen, E., Jurkat, T., Kaufmann, S., Kenntner, M., Klingebiel, M., Klimach, T., Kohl, R., Krämer, M., Krisna, T. C., Luebke, A., Mayer, B., Mertes, S., Molleker, S., Petzold, A., Pfeilsticker, K., Port, M., Rapp, M., Reutter, P., Rolf, C., Rose, D., Sauer, D., Schäfler, A., Schlage, R., Schnaiter, M., Schneider, J., Spelten, N., Spichtinger, P., Stock, P., Walser, A., Weigel, R., Weinzierl, B., Wendisch, M., Werner, F., Wernli, H., Wirth, M., Zahn, A., Ziereis, H., and Zöger, M.: ML-CIRRUS - The airborne experiment on natural cirrus and contrail cirrus with the high-altitude long-range research aircraft HALO, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., in press, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00213.1, 2017.

Fused Deposition Modelling as Rapid Prototyping for Structural Material Improvement: Analytical Solution / Ātrās Prototipēšanas Ar Kausēšanas Metodi Strukturālā Uzlabojuma Analītisks Risinājums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brensons, I.; Polukoshko, S.

2013-10-01

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most effective rapid prototyping (RP) techniques due to its low cost, available materials and versatility. In FDM, a part of material (usually plastic) is made by heating this material to the molten state, and from the melt it is extruded through a nozzle and deposited on a surface. In the article, an alternative RP method is considered for improvement of the mechanical properties of a rapid prototype. The authors propose an analytical solution which allows for achievement of this purpose via advanced technologies. The base materials applied in RP technology can be combined with liquid resin which solidifies after a definite time. This makes it possible to create a channel through the prototype and fill it with another material having better mechanical properties. The optimal channel sizes can be chosen in order to raise the strength of material parts. Darbā tiek apskatīts ātrās prototipēšanas veids, kura pamatā ir detaļas veidošana, izmantojot kausētu materiālu parasti plastmasu. Šī detaļu veidošanas metode ir kļuvusi par vienu no visizplatītākajām tās zemo izmaksu, pieejamo materiālu un daudzpusības dēļ. Šī raksta mērķis ir izpētīt alternatīvu veidu, kā uzlabot prototipu mehāniskās īpašības, tādējādi palielinot printētu detaļu izmantošanu kā gala produktu. Raksts piedāvā analītisku risinājumu, kā uzlabot ātro prototipu mehāniskās īpašības, uzlabojot tehnoloģiskos procesus, kas iesaistīti detaļu izgatavošanā. Darba pamatā tiek izmantota 3D printēšanas tehnoloģijas iespēja veidot iekšējus kanālus bez ģeometriskiem ierobežojumiem, kā rezultātā ir iespējams izveidot iekšēju kanālu shēmu, ko pēc tam piepilda ar citu materiālu, kam ir labākas mehāniskās īpašības kā pamata materiālam. Pildīšanai izmantotais materiāls ir epoksīda sveķi, kas pieļauj vieglu iepildīšanu šķidrā fāzē, un sniedz labas mehāniskās īpašības p

Stratigraphic, regional unconformity analysis and potential petroleum plays of East Siberian Sea Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karpov, Yury; Stoupakova, Antonina; Suslova, Anna; Agasheva, Mariia

2017-04-01

The East Siberian Sea basin (ESSB) one of the most unexplored part of the Russian Arctic shelf, extending for over 1000 km from New Siberian Islands archipelago to Wrangel Island. This region is considered as a region with probable high petroleum potential. Within the ESSB several phases of orogeny are recognized [1]: Elsmerian orogeny in Early Devonian, Early Brooks orogeny in Early Cretaceous, Late Brooks orogeny in Late Cretaceous. Two generations of the basins could be outlined. Both of these generations are controlled by the basement domains [1]: Paleozoic (post-Devonian) to Mesozoic basins preserved north of the Late Mesozoic frontal thrusts; Aptian-Albian to Quaternary basins, postdating the Verkhoyansk-Brookian orogeny, and evolving mainly over the New-Siberian-Chukchi Fold Belt. Basin is filled with siliclastic sediments and in the deepest depocentres sediments thickness exceeds 8-10 km in average. Seismic data was interpreted using methods of seismic stratigraphy. Finally, main seismic horizons were indicated and each horizon follows regional stratigraphic unconformities: mBU - in base of Cenozoic, BU - in base of Upper Cretaceous, LCU - in base of Cretaceous, JU - in middle of Jurassic, F - in top of Basement. In ESSB, we can identify Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene seismic stratigraphy complexes. Perspective structures, investigated in ESSB were founded out by comparing seismogeological cross-sections with explored analogs in other onshore and offshore basins [2, 3, 4]. The majority of structures could be connected with stratigraphic and fault traps. The most perspective prospects are probably connected with grabens and depressions, where thickness of sediments exceed 10 km. Reservoirs in ESSB are proposed by regional geological explorations on New Siberian Islands Archipelago and Wrangel Island. Potential seals are predominantly assigned to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Thick clinoform units of various geometry and

[The roots of Cha and Gambir].

PubMed

Sugiyama, Shigeru

2005-01-01

This article attempts to trace the origin of tea. The author believes the ancient Chinese tea, "chia", is either Jicha (water extract from the pith of Acacia catechu that grows naturally in the mountainous border between the Yunnan province of China and southern Asian countries) or Jicha-Kagikazura (water extract from the young branches and leaves of Uncaris gambir, originally found in India/Sri Lanka). Both were pulverized after being kiln-dried and then mixed with water to produce a thick suspension, or tea. Although the drink is bitter and has an astringent property, it has a particular flavor with a refreshing after-taste. Its components with medicinal properties include tannin, catechin, and various flavonoids, making us believe it was worthwhile for the people at the time to consume the drink regularly. Generally speaking, tea cultivation in China flourished south of the Yangzi Jiang River including the present Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Depending on the regions, there were words for tea in various languages, including the names of places where particular teas were grown. In addition to the names that appear in the famous Chajing book, it is interesting to note Da Fang pronounced tea as "TAH". Because the area south of the Yangzi Jiang has traditionally been active in foreign trade since the ancient and middle ages. People in this region consumed various foreign originated teas as well. This included Gambir, which was introduced to southern Asia (including present Malaysia and Indonesia) and was consumed as an herbal tea under names such as Guo Luo or Ju Luo teas. Paan, from India, also uses Gambir paste and was a popular chewing refreshment to prevent diseases caused by miasma as well as to keep one's mouth clean. The name A-sen-yaku used in Japan was taken from the plant name Acasia, and Gambir was used to dye Buddhist monks' Ke-Ra bags to a blackish yellow color. The Daikanwa dictionary states the Ra in the name, which means thin silk, was later

Liquefied Natural Gas Storage of Variable Composition / Magazynowanie Skroplonego Gazu Ziemnego O Zmiennym Składzie

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Łaciak, Mariusz

2015-03-01

dostawa LNG jest doprowadzana do zbiornika, skład i temperatura LNG już w zbiorniku może być inny niż dostarczanego. Może to prowadzić do rozwarstwienia cieczy w zbiorniku, a w konsekwencji wystąpienia zjawiska znanego jako "rollover". W wyniku tego zjawiska następuje gwałtowne odparowanie LNG i nagły wzrost ciśnienia w zbiorniku. Coraz bardziej restrykcyjne przepisy dotyczące bezpieczeństwa wymagają pełniejszego zrozumienia zjawiska tworzenia i ewolucji warstw. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę procesu rozwarstwienia cieczy w zbiorniku, mogącego wystąpić podczas magazynowania skroplonego gazu ziemnego, a prowadzącego do gwałtownego odparowania znacznych ilości LNG. Celem była próba modelowania procesu powstawania rozwarstwienia się cieczy w zbiorniku LNG. Przedstawione zostały wyniki modelowania tego zjawiska

Construction and validation of a tool to Assess the Use of Light Technologies at Intensive Care Units.

PubMed

Marinho, Pabliane Matias Lordelo; Campos, Maria Pontes de Aguiar; Rodrigues, Eliana Ofélia Llapa; Gois, Cristiane Franca Lisboa; Barreto, Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho

2016-12-19

to construct and validate a tool to assess the use of light technologies by the nursing team at Intensive Care Units. methodological study in which the tool was elaborated by means of the psychometric method for construction based on the categorization of health technologies by Merhy and Franco, from the National Humanization Policy, using the Nursing Intervention Classification taxonomy to categorize the domains of the tool. Agreement Percentages and Content Validity Indices were used for the purpose of validation. The result of the application of the Interrater Agreement Percentage exceeded the recommended level of 80%, highlighting the relevance for the proposed theme in the assessment, with an agreement rate of 99%. the tool was validated with four domains (Bond, Autonomy, Welcoming and Management) and nineteen items that assess the use of light technologies at Intensive Care Units. construir e validar um instrumento para avaliação do uso de tecnologias leves, pela equipe de enfermagem, em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. estudo metodológico no qual o instrumento foi elaborado utilizando o método psicométrico para construção com base na categorização das tecnologias em saúde de Merhy e Franco, da Política Nacional de Humanização, utilizando-se a taxonomia Nursing Intervention Classification para categorizar os domínios do instrumento. Utilizou-se o Percentual de Concordância e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) para validação. o resultado da aplicação do Percentual de Concordância entre os juízes foi superior ao recomendado de 80%, havendo destaque na avaliação da pertinência ao tema proposto, apresentando um percentual de concordância de 99%. o instrumento foi validado com quatro domínios (Vínculo, Autonomia, Acolhimento e Gestão) e dezenove itens que avaliam o uso das tecnologias leves em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. construir y validar un instrumento para evaluación del uso de tecnologías leves, por el equipo de enfermer

Decontamination of radionuclides using γ-Fe2O3 as a Nanosorbent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagla, Hemlata; Thakur, Jyotsna

2017-04-01

-203, etc. from low level waste and water effluent. References: 1. Hamasaki T., Nakamichi N., Teruya K., Shirahata S., Removal Efficiency of Radioactive Cesium and Iodine Ions by a Flow-Type Apparatus Designed for Electrochemically Reduced Water Production, PLoS One. 2014; 9(7): e102218. 2. Gehrke I., Geiser A., Somborn-Schulz A., Innovations in nanotechnology for water treatment, Nanotechnol Sci Appl. 2015; 8: 1-17. 3. Galina Lujanienė G., Šemčuk S., Kulakauskaitė I., Mažeika K., Valiulis D., Ju\\vskėnas R., Tautkus S., Sorption of radionuclides and metals to graphene oxide and magnetic graphene oxide, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2016;307:3, 2267-2275 4. Patil K.C., Hegde M.S., Rattan T., Aruna S.T., Chemistry of Nanocrystalline Oxide Materials Combustion Synthesis, Properties and Applications, world Scientific Publ. 2008. 5. Thakur, J., Dutta, D. P., Bagla, H. and Tyagi, A. K., Effect of Host Structure and Concentration on the Luminescence of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in Borate Phosphors., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2012, 95: 696-704.

Science and Reconnaissance from the Europa Clipper Mission Concept: Exploring Europa's Habitability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pappalardo, Robert; Senske, David; Prockter, Louise; Paczkowski, Brian; Vance, Steve; Goldstein, Barry; Magner, Thomas; Cooke, Brian

2015-04-01

Europa is recognized by the Planetary Science De-cadal Survey as a prime candidate to search for a pre-sent-day habitable environment in our solar system. As such, NASA has pursued a series of studies, facilitated by a Europa Science Definition Team (SDT), to define a strategy to best advance our scientific understanding of this icy world with the science goal: Explore Europa to investigate its habitability. (In June of 2014, the SDT completed its task of identifying the overarching science objectives and investigations.) Working in concert with a technical team, a set of mission archi-tectures were evaluated to determine the best way to achieve the SDT defined science objectives. The fa-vored architecture would consist of a spacecraft in Ju-piter orbit making many close flybys of Europa, con-centrating on remote sensing to explore the moon. In-novative mission design would use gravitational per-turbations of the spacecraft trajectory to permit flybys at a wide variety of latitudes and longitudes, enabling globally distributed regional coverage of Europa's sur-face, with nominally 45 close flybys, typically at alti-tudes from 25 to 100 km. This concept has become known as the Europa Clipper. The Europa SDT recommended three science ob-jectives for the Europa Clipper: Ice Shell and Ocean: Characterize the ice shell and any subsurface water, including their heterogeneity, ocean properties, and the nature of surface-ice-ocean exchange; Composition: Understand the habitability of Europa's ocean through composition and chemistry; and Geology: Understand the formation of surface features, including sites of recent or current activity, and characterize high science interest localities. The Europa SDT also considered implications of the Hubble Space Telescope detection of possible plumes at Europa. To feed forward to potential subsequent future ex-ploration that could be enabled by a lander, it was deemed that the Europa Clipper mission concept should provide the

Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) for Nurses in Brazil.

PubMed

Pereira, Fernanda Maria Vieira; Lam, Simon Ching; Gir, Elucir

2017-03-02

apropiada para evaluar el cumplimiento con las precauciones estándar entre enfermeros en Brasil. La confiabilidad fue considerada aceptable. Son necesarios estudios adicionales para evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas. o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação cultural e avaliar a confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Compliance with Standard Precautions (CSPS) entre enfermeiros no Brasil. o processo de adaptação incluiu tradução, consenso entre juízes, retro-tradução, validação semântica e pré-teste. A confiabilidade foi verificada de acordo com a consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) e a estabilidade usando teste-reteste. A escala foi aplicada em uma amostra de 300 enfermeiros que trabalhavam num hospital de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. a validação semântica revelou que os itens da escala eram compreensíveis e foram considerados relevantes para a prática clínica dos enfermeiros. A versão brasileira da escala (CSPS-PB) revelou excelente nível de compreensão. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,61 e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi 0,85. Este estudo inicial mostrou que a CSPS-PB é apropriada para avaliar adesão às precauções padrão entre enfermeiros brasileiros. A confiabilidade foi considerada aceitável. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Transmission Lines / Elektropārvades Līnijas Daudzkriteriālā Optimizācija

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berjozkina, S.; Sauhats, A.; Neimane, V.

2013-10-01

Introduction of new advanced electrical connections into a transmission grid reduces the capacity of existing overhead lines (OHLs). At the same time, designing & building of new OHLs and substations involves considerable technical, environmental and economical problems. The authors propose a concept of the multi-objective optimization for selection of transmission line routes, towers (their type, placement and geometry), of conductors, insulators, dampers, earthing and lightning protection systems, span lengths, etc.. The optimization is organized in five stages. At the first and second stages a search for optimum solutions is performed along with determination of the main impacting factors. The next two stages present a two-objective optimization based on Pareto's approach. At the last stage (exemplified by a case study), the probability of the restriction removal conditions is assessed, and preventive measures are identified. The presented approach uses a real line design and is intended for minimizing the total invested capital and maximizing the net present value. In the framework of this approach 20 alternatives have been elaborated, which can successfully be applied in the cases described in the paper. Elektropārvades tīklam rodas nepieciešamība pēc jauniem elektriskajiem pieslēgumiem, kas noved pie esošo gaisvadu līniju jaudas nepietiekamības. Viens no iespējamajiem pastāvošās problēmas risinājumiem ir jaunu gaisvadu līniju un apakšstacijas būvniecība. Gaisvadu līniju projektēšana ir saistīta ar ievērojamām tehniskām, vides un ekonomiskām problēmām. Darbā aprakstīta elektropārvades līnijas optimālās trases izvēles daudzkritēriju optimizācijas koncepcija, ieskaitot balstu tipa, balstu izvietojuma koordināšu, balstu ģeometrijas, vadu tipu un parametru, izolatoru tipu, vibroslāpētāju tipu, zibensaizsardzības un zemēšanas sistēmu, kā arī laidumu garumu izvēles optimizāciju. Optimizācijas uzdevums tiek organiz

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation as the Result of Planetary Motion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Retejum, Alexey

QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION AS THE RESULT OF PLANETARY MOTION A.Ju.Retejum Lomonosov Moscow State University, aretejum@yandex.ru A remarkable phenomenon of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) attracts a growing attention for its unclear origin and possible global impact. A comprehensive theory of this phenomenon should answer the following questions: 1. Why does the phase change of the atmospheric circulation on average occur every 800 days? 2. When does the cycle length decreases or increases? 3. Wherefore the regular wind shift is observed in the equatorial stratosphere only? 4. What could cause a sudden reverse in zonal wind direction? 5. Why the generating impulse travels from the border between the atmosphere and outer space downwards without significant loss of power? 6. What is the reason of known differences in behavior patterns between west and east winds? 7. How do middle and upper latitudes respond to the remote signal? Unfortunately all the explanation of QBO that have been given so far, unable to meet the above criteria. The author proposes an alternative idea of the external forcing due to motion of Mars, Jupiter and Venus. This study is based on the QBO Index data at the 30-hPa Height for the 1979-2013 period (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/qbo.u30.index). Having in mind that the oscillation is symmetric about the Equator, where the Earth rotation speed is highest, one examined on the first stage relationships between the QBO manifestation and the length of day. A ten-year comparison of slow and fast spinning periods (1979-1983, 1991-1995 and 2000-2006, 2009-2011 respectively) reveals a significant difference in west and east winds strengths. The same picture can be observed if mean monthly data for March-April (the length of day maximum) and July (the length of day minimum) are collated. This is the answer to the question # 3. The exact answers to questions # 1 and # 2 give an analysis of the dependence of the wind reverse time on the moments

Thermal Imaging Performance of TIR Onboard the Hayabusa2 Spacecraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arai, Takehiko; Nakamura, Tomoki; Tanaka, Satoshi; Demura, Hirohide; Ogawa, Yoshiko; Sakatani, Naoya; Horikawa, Yamato; Senshu, Hiroki; Fukuhara, Tetsuya; Okada, Tatsuaki

2017-07-01

The thermal infrared imager (TIR) is a thermal infrared camera onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. TIR will perform thermography of a C-type asteroid, 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3), and estimate its surface physical properties, such as surface thermal emissivity ɛ , surface roughness, and thermal inertia Γ, through remote in-situ observations in 2018 and 2019. In prelaunch tests of TIR, detector calibrations and evaluations, along with imaging demonstrations, were performed. The present paper introduces the experimental results of a prelaunch test conducted using a large-aperture collimator in conjunction with TIR under atmospheric conditions. A blackbody source, controlled at constant temperature, was measured using TIR in order to construct a calibration curve for obtaining temperatures from observed digital data. As a known thermal emissivity target, a sandblasted black almite plate warmed from the back using a flexible heater was measured by TIR in order to evaluate the accuracy of the calibration curve. As an analog target of a C-type asteroid, carbonaceous chondrites (50 mm × 2 mm in thickness) were also warmed from the back and measured using TIR in order to clarify the imaging performance of TIR. The calibration curve, which was fitted by a specific model of the Planck function, allowed for conversion to the target temperature within an error of 1°C (3σ standard deviation) for the temperature range of 30 to 100°C. The observed temperature of the black almite plate was consistent with the temperature measured using K-type thermocouples, within the accuracy of temperature conversion using the calibration curve when the temperature variation exhibited a random error of 0.3 °C (1σ ) for each pixel at a target temperature of 50°C. TIR can resolve the fine surface structure of meteorites, including cracks and pits with the specified field of view of 0.051°C (328 × 248 pixels). There were spatial distributions with a temperature variation of 3°C at the setting

Japanese Exploration to Solar System Small Bodies: Rewriting a Planetary Formation Theory with Astromaterial Connection (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yano, H.

2013-12-01

Three decades ago, Japan's deep space exploration started with Sakigake and Suisei, twin flyby probes to P/Halley. Since then, the Solar System small bodies have been one of focused destinations to the Japanese solar system studies even today. Only one year after the Halley armada launch, the very first meeting was held for an asteroid sample return mission at ISAS, which after 25 years, materialized as the successful Earth return of Hayabusa , an engineering verification mission for sample return from surfaces of an NEO for the first time in the history. Launched in 2003 and returned in 2010, Hayabusa became the first to visit a sub-km, rubble-pile potentially hazardous asteroid in near Earth space. Its returned samples solved S-type asteroid - ordinary chondrite paradox by proving space weathering evidences in sub-micron scale. Between the Halley missions and Hayabusa, SOCCER concept by M-V rocket was jointly studied between ISAS and NASA; yet it was not realized due to insufficient delta-V for intact capture by decelerating flyby/encounter velocity to a cometary coma. The SOCCER later became reality as Stardust, NASA Discovery mission for cometary coma dust sample return in1999-2006. Japan has collected the second largest collection of the Antarctic meteorites and micrometeorites of the world and asteromaterial scientists are eager to collaborate with space missions. Also Japan enjoyed a long history of collaborations between professional astronomers and high-end amateur observers in the area of observational studies of asteroids, comets and meteors. Having these academic foundations, Japan has an emphasis on programmatic approach to sample returns of Solar System small bodies in future prospects. The immediate follow-on to Hayabusa is Hayabusa-2 mission to sample return with an artificial impactor from 1999 JU3, a C-type NEO in 2014-2020. Following successful demonstration of deep space solar sail technique by IKAROS in 2010-2013, the solar power sail is a deep

Small Hydropower in Latvia and Intellectualization of its Operating Systems / Par Mazo HIDROENERĢĒTIKU LATVIJĀ un TĀS Staciju VADĪBAS SISTĒMAS INTELEKTUALIZĀCIJU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahnitko, A.; Gerhards, J.; Linkevics, O.; Varfolomejeva, R.; Umbrasko, I.

2013-12-01

The authors estimate the potential for power generation from water resources of small and medium-sized rivers, which are abundant in Latvia. They propose the algorithm for optimal operation of a small-scale hydropower plant (SHPP) at the chosen optimality criterion in view of the plant's participation in the market. The choice of SHPP optimization algorithm is made based on two mathematical programming methods - dynamic and generalized reduced gradient ones. Approbation of the algorithm is illustrated by an example of optimized SHPP operation. Darbā analizētas tradicionālo un pieejamo vietējo atjaunojamo energoresursu - mazo un vidējo upju hidroresursa izmantošanas iespējas Latvijas enerģētikā. Tiek sniegts faktiskais materiāls šajā jautājumā, kas iegūts, balstoties uz oficiālos avotos publicētiem citu autoru iepriekš veiktajiem pētījumiem. Tiek atzīmēts, ka teritoriju, kas atrodas mazo upju tuvumā un nav ietvertas centralizētās elektroapgādes sistēmā, saimnieciskā apgūšana rada apstākļus patērētāju stimulēšanai izmantot autonomus vietējos energoresursus, ieskaitot hidroenerģiju, izmantojošas mazas jaudas energoiekārtas. Atjaunojamās enerģijas tehnoloģiju un iekārtu pastāvīga attīstība un pilnveidošanās veicinās mazo upju plūsmas izmantošanas elektroenerģijas ražošanas efektivitātes paaugstināšanos. Mūsdienu enerģētikas attīstības koncepcija, kas balstīta uz viedo tīklu (smart grids) izveidi, ļauj paaugstināt mazās hidroenerģētikas darbības efektivitāti, integrējot to elektroenerģētiskajā sistēmā. Mazo hidroelektrostaciju (MHES) darbības vadības sistēmas intelektualizācijas pamatā jābūt kompleksam algoritmam un programmām, kas ļauj tiešsaistes (online) režīmā nodrošināt izdevīgu MHES darbības grafiku (režīmu) maksimālā ienākuma gūšanai, balstoties uz zināmu elektroenerģijas cenas prognozi attiecīgajam laika periodam (diennaktij). MHES darbības optimiz

Receiving And Data Acquisition Systems Of Rt-32 For Vlbi Observations / Rt-32 Uztveršanas Un Datu Reģistrācijas Sistēmas Vlbi Novērojumiem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bezrukovs, Vl.; Shmeld, I.; Nechaeva, M.; Trokss, J.; Bezrukovs, D.; Klapers, M.; Berzins, A.; Lesins, A.; Dugin, N.

2012-12-01

ādiem kā Eiropas VLBI tīkls, Zemo frekvenču VLBI tīkls (LFVN) un citiem. Pēdējos gados rekonstruēta teleskopa sekundārajā fokusā izvietotā uztvērēju telpa un tajā uzstādīti vairāki jauni uztvērēji. Pašreiz radioteleskops ļauj veikt novērojumus četros viļņu garumu diapazonos: 92 cm, 18 cm, 6 cm un 2.5 cm. No minētajiem pirmie 3 jau tiek veiksmīgi izmantoti dažādos VLBI eksperimentos. 2.5 cm uztvērējam ir tikai viens lineārās polarizācijas kanāls, kuru izmanto galvenokārt metanola māzeru novērojumiem viena teleskopa režīmā. RT-32 aparatūru veido divas neatkarīgas VLBI datu reģistrācijas sistēmas: TN-16 un DBBC kopā ar Mark5b. Abas sistēmas izmanto interferometriskajos novērojumos atkarībā no eksperimentu mērķa un radioteleskopa iespējām. Aplūkots Irbenes RT-32 radioteleskopa pašreizējais statuss, tā VLBI novērojumiem piemērotās uztveršanas un datu reģistrācijas iekārtas, kā arī notikušajās VLBI sesijās uzkrātā pieredze.

Elaboration and Validation of the Medication Prescription Safety Checklist.

PubMed

Pires, Aline de Oliveira Meireles; Ferreira, Maria Beatriz Guimarães; Nascimento, Kleiton Gonçalves do; Felix, Márcia Marques Dos Santos; Pires, Patrícia da Silva; Barbosa, Maria Helena

2017-08-03

to elaborate and validate a checklist to identify compliance with the recommendations for the structure of medication prescriptions, based on the Protocol of the Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency. methodological research, conducted through the validation and reliability analysis process, using a sample of 27 electronic prescriptions. the analyses confirmed the content validity and reliability of the tool. The content validity, obtained by expert assessment, was considered satisfactory as it covered items that represent the compliance with the recommendations regarding the structure of the medication prescriptions. The reliability, assessed through interrater agreement, was excellent (ICC=1.00) and showed perfect agreement (K=1.00). the Medication Prescription Safety Checklist showed to be a valid and reliable tool for the group studied. We hope that this study can contribute to the prevention of adverse events, as well as to the improvement of care quality and safety in medication use. elaborar e validar um instrumento tipo checklist para identificar a adesão às recomendações na estrutura das prescrições de medicamentos, a partir do Protocolo do Ministério da Saúde e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. pesquisa metodológica, conduzida por meio do processo de validade e análise de confiabilidade, com amostra de 27 prescrições eletrônicas. análises realizadas confirmaram a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade da versão do instrumento. A validade de conteúdo, obtida por meio da avaliação de juízes, foi considerada satisfatória por contemplar itens que representam a adesão às recomendações na estrutura das prescrições de medicamentos. A confiabilidade, avaliada por interobservadores, apresentou-se excelente (ICC=1,00) e de concordância perfeita (K=1,00). o instrumento Lista de Verificação de Segurança na Prescrição de Medicamentos demonstrou-se válido e confiável para o grupo estudado. Espera

Geotechnical Aspects of Revitalisation of Post-Mining Areas - An Example of the Adaptation of Katowice Hard Coal Mine for the New Silesian Museum / Geotechniczne aspekty rewitalizacji terenów pogórniczych - przykład adaptacji KWK "KATOWICE" na nowe muzeum śląskie

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cała, Marek; Ostręga, Anna

2013-06-01

The article presents the history of the Katowice Hard Coal Mine and the concept of revitalisation taking into consideration the historical development of the mine which today is closed. The concept accepted for realisation assumes adaptation of the post-mining area with its historical infrastructure for cultural functions, and namely for the construction of the New Silesian Museum. Basing the concept on the idea of minimum interference into the existing spatial layout of the former mine has had the result that the museum areas and garages have been designed under the surface of the area adjacent to the historic facilities of the mine. In relation therewith, it was necessary to carry out the works aimed at reinforcing foundations of the historic buildings and protecting the geotechnical pit slopes. The article presents the technological solutions applied to protect the historic buildings, the lift tower, and the excavations for new facilities of the Silesian Museum. Attention was drawn to the instability of the subsoil and of the rock mass due to previous mining operations conducted in the area, the need to adapt the protection technology to the existing conditions as well as the need of constant monitoring of geotechnical works underway.> It is emphasised that the presented investment is part of an ongoing process aimed at preserving the industrial part of the material cultural heritage of Upper Silesia, for centuries connected with hard coal mining and as such it stands a chance to become a showcase not only for Katowice but for the entire region of Silesia. W artykule przedstawiono historię Kopalni Węgla Kamiennego "Katowice" oraz koncepcję rewitalizacji uwzględniającą historyczną zabudowę nieczynnej już dziś kopalni. Przyjęta do realizacji koncepcja zakłada przystosowanie pogórniczego terenu wraz z zabytkową infrastrukturą dla funkcji kulturowych, a mianowicie budowy Nowego Muzeum Śląskiego. Siedziba Nowego Muzeum Śląskiego lokalizowana jest w

PREFACE: XIV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delepine, D.; Napsuciale, M.; Ibarguen, H. S.

2015-11-01

The Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields (MWPF) is a biennial meeting organized by the Division of Particles and Fields of the Mexican Physical Society designed to gather specialists in different areas of high energy physics to discuss the latest developments in the field. The fourteenth edition of this meeting was held from November 25 to 29, 2013, at the colonial city of Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The XIV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields consisted of invited lectures, discussion and poster sessions. Experimental and theoretical developments were presented by distinguished physicists, addressing the most recent results in the field. The invited review talks included topics on collider physics, neutrino physics, physics beyond the Standard Model, flavor and hadronic physics, astroparticle physics, dark matter physics and effective theories, among others. The highlight topic of the conference was the presentation of the most resent results from the most popular high energy experiments in the world. The discovery of a particle consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson, considered one of the most important discoveries of the 21st century, was fully addressed by José Benítez and Kirill Prokofiev from CERN. The overview of the results of ALICE on the first run of the LHC was extensivly covered by Antonio Ortiz, from Lund University, and Daniel Tapia, from Universití Paris-Sud. The prospects and status of the new Belle II experiment were presented by Yoshi Sakai from KEK. The plans and projects of Tevatron on the new era of accelerators were explained by Gene Fisk from FERMILAB. Eric Vázquez from SNOLAB presented a wonderful explanation about the Dark Matter detection and the most resent results about the searches for it. The largest high energy cosmic rays detector, the Pierre Auger, was presented by Luis Villasñnor from University of Michoacán. On Friday 29th of November, we had an excursion to the archeological site of Mitla and to Santa

Towards a European strategy for medicines research (2014-2020): The EUFEPS position paper on Horizon 2020.

PubMed

Gaspar, Rogério; Aksu, Buket; Cuine, Alain; Danhof, Meindert; Takac, Milena Jadrijevic-Mladar; Linden, Hans H; Link, Andreas; Muchitsch, Eva-Maria; Wilson, Clive G; Ohrngren, Per; Dencker, Lennart

2012-12-18

biomedical research programmes of long term importance for development of medicines; however, fundamental research initiatives on medicines development will not be competitive in such an environment. In order to strengthen the long term outlook, we must foster innovative research within the university sector, EUFEPS proposes that a fund for such research be set up within Horizon 2020, which would be open for individual research groups and which would include Public-Public Partnerships (complementing already existing Public-Private Partnerships). How do we look for implementation? There is an established research agenda for medicines research that is globally focused, and which incorporates a cooperative model between universities and industry, facilitating integration of complex technologies. Regulatory Science will play an important role in this integration. This agenda uses tools arising from systems approaches (including discovery with systems biology and also systems pharmacology) and has the potential for providing better knowledge management, as well as technological innovation (including manufacturing). It also addresses the drive towards personalised medicines and can, with support from both public and private sectors, foster translation of knowledge to new technologies and from that, to new medicinal products and complex integrated systems. This is a part of a strategy capable of solving unmet medical needs, which would increase the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic and debilitating diseases. The instruments to allow the development of a research agenda should strengthen existing partnerships such as the IMI-JU model; allow for the creation of European-network infrastructures that can bring together existing competences with adequate European coordination, thus promoting advanced training and continuous professional development for the pharmaceutical sciences. This will be the cornerstone of a knowledge management strategy, providing education and

Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium

PubMed Central

Samson, R.A.; Yilmaz, N.; Houbraken, J.; Spierenburg, H.; Seifert, K.A.; Peterson, S.W.; Varga, J.; Frisvad, J.C.

2011-01-01

were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces. Taxonomic novelties: Taxonomic novelties: New species – Talaromyces apiculatus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, sp. nov. New combinations and names – Talaromyces aculeatus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. albobiverticillius (H.-M. Hsieh, Y.-M. Ju & S.-Y. Hsieh) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. allahabadensis (B.S. Mehrotra & D. Kumar) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. aurantiacus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. boninensis (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. brunneus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. cecidicola (Seifert, Hoekstra & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. coalescens (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. dendriticus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. duclauxii (Delacr.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. echinosporus (Nehira) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, comb. nov. T. erythromellis (A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. funiculosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. islandicus (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. loliensis (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. marneffei (Segretain, Capponi & Sureau) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. minioluteus (Dierckx) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. palmae (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. panamensis (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. paucisporus (Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa) Samson & Houbraken T. phialosporus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. piceus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pinophilus (Hedgcock) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pittii (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. primulinus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. proteolyticus (Kamyschko) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. pseudostromaticus (Hodges, G.M. Warner

Ex vivo culture of human fetal gonads: manipulation of meiosis signalling by retinoic acid treatment disrupts testis development.

PubMed

Jørgensen, A; Nielsen, J E; Perlman, S; Lundvall, L; Mitchell, R T; Juul, A; Rajpert-De Meyts, E

2015-10-01

'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. A novel ex vivo 'hanging-drop' culture model for human fetal gonads was successfully established. Continued proliferation of cells without signs of increased apoptosis was observed after 2 weeks of culture. In cultured fetal ovaries treated with RA, an increased number of meiotic germ cells (P < 0.05) and DMRT1-positive oogonia initiating meiosis (P < 0.05) was observed, which is in agreement with a previous study. In fetal testes, RA-treatment resulted in a decreased number of gonocytes (P < 0.05), a reduced percentage of proliferating gonocytes (P < 0.05), altered expression pattern of the somatic cell markers AMH and COUP-TFII, as well as disrupted seminiferous cord structure and testis morphology. The number of samples included in this study was relatively small due to the limited availability of human fetal tissue. The hanging-drop culture, similarly to other organ culture approaches, allows studies of germ cell-somatic niche interactions and determination of effects after manipulating specific signalling pathways. Our novel finding of disrupted fetal testis development after treatment with RA indicates that abnormal meiosis regulation can potentially cause gonadal dysgenesis. Further studies will elucidate the exact mechanisms and timing of observed effects. This work was supported in part by an ESPE Research Fellowship, sponsored by Novo Nordisk A/S to A.Jø. Additional funding for this project was obtained from The Research Council of the Capital Region of Denmark (E.R.-D.M.), The Research Fund at Rigshospitalet (A.Ju. and J.E.N.), Familien Erichssens Fund (A.Jø.), Dagmar Marshalls Fund (A.Jø.) and Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Fund (A.Jø.). The authors have no conflicts of interest. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Chromophore Poling in Thin Films of Organic Glasses. 3. Setup for Corona Triode Discharge / Hromoforu Polarizēšana Plānās Organisko Stiklu Kārtiņās 3. Koronas Izlādes Triodes Ierīce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilitis, O.; Titavs, E.; Nitiss, E.; Rutkis, M.

2013-02-01

The corona discharge is described focusing on the advantages of corona triode techniques for the direct current (DC) positive poling of optical polymers. The proposed experimental setup allows the corona poling of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers in the modes of DC constant current (the lowest 1nA) and of the fixed corona-grid voltage, making it possible to carry out the corona-onset poling at elevated temperature (COPET) up to 200 oC. The setup also provides a wide range of the corona discharge voltage (3 kV - 15 kV), variable reciprocal distance of electrodes as well as the possibility to choose from different types of the corona electrode (needle, multi-needle, wire, etc.). By keeping the corona-to-grid voltage constant, a stable corona discharge at electrode is attained. The grid voltage can be varied in the range from 0 to 3kV. The corona poling area on the sample surface is pre-defined by placing ring spacers above it. The setup is completely computerized, allowing both control and monitoring of the corona discharge, which promotes research into the process of charging NLO polymer samples and selection of the optimal poling mode. Using the voltage-current characteristics and the second-harmonic measurements of a poled polymer we also demonstrate the influence of the setup parameters on the efficiency of poling the thin film NLO polymers. Darba ievadā īsumā aprakstīta koronas izlāde, izceļot koronas triodes theniskās metodes lietošanas priekšrocības optisko polimeru polarizēšanā ar pozitīvās koronas līdzstrāvu. Rakstā apskatīta eksperimentāla koronas polēšanas ierīce, kas sniedz iespēju polarizēt nelineāros optiskos (NLO) polimērus pie konstantas strāvas (līdz pat 1 nA) un fiksēta koronas elektroda-tīkliņa sprieguma, ļaujot veikt polēšanu paaugstinātās temperatūrās līdz 200 oC. Ierīcē paredzētas plašas koronas izlādes sprieguma izvēles robežas (3-15 kV), iespējas mainīt elektrodu savstarpējo izvietojumu un izv

Comparative Effectiveness of a Technology-Facilitated Depression Care Management Model in Safety-Net Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Outcomes of a Large Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Wu, Shinyi; Ell, Kathleen; Jin, Haomiao; Vidyanti, Irene; Chou, Chih-Ping; Lee, Pey-Jiuan; Gross-Schulman, Sandra; Sklaroff, Laura Myerchin; Belson, David; Nezu, Arthur M; Hay, Joel; Wang, Chien-Ju; Scheib, Geoffrey; Di Capua, Paul; Hawkins, Caitlin; Liu, Pai; Ramirez, Magaly; Wu, Brian W; Richman, Mark; Myers, Caitlin; Agustines, Davin; Dasher, Robert; Kopelowicz, Alex; Allevato, Joseph; Roybal, Mike; Ipp, Eli; Haider, Uzma; Graham, Sharon; Mahabadi, Vahid; Guterman, Jeffrey

2018-04-23

.16; P value: supported care vs usual care=.02, technology-facilitated care vs usual care=.02); decreased prevalence of major depression (odds ratio, OR: supported care vs usual care=0.45, technology-facilitated care vs usual care=0.33; P value: supported care vs usual care=.02, technology-facilitated care vs usual care=.007); and reduced functional disability as measured by Sheehan Disability Scale scores (LSE: usual care=3.21, supported care=2.61, technology-facilitated care=2.59; P value: supported care vs usual care=.04, technology-facilitated care vs usual care=.03). Technology-facilitated care was significantly associated with depression remission (technology-facilitated care vs usual care: OR=2.98, P=.04); increased satisfaction with care for emotional problems among depressed patients (LSE: usual care=3.20, technology-facilitated care=3.70; P=.05); reduced total cholesterol level (LSE: usual care=176.40, technology-facilitated care=160.46; P=.01); improved satisfaction with diabetes care (LSE: usual care=4.01, technology-facilitated care=4.20; P=.05); and increased odds of taking an glycated hemoglobin test (technology-facilitated care vs usual care: OR=3.40, P<.001). Both the technology-facilitated care and supported care delivery models showed potential to improve 6-month depression and functional disability outcomes. The technology-facilitated care model has a greater likelihood to improve depression remission, patient satisfaction, and diabetes care quality. ©Shinyi Wu, Kathleen Ell, Haomiao Jin, Irene Vidyanti, Chih-Ping Chou, Pey-Jiuan Lee, Sandra Gross-Schulman, Laura Myerchin Sklaroff, David Belson, Arthur M Nezu, Joel Hay, Chien-Ju Wang, Geoffrey Scheib, Paul Di Capua, Caitlin Hawkins, Pai Liu, Magaly Ramirez, Brian W Wu, Mark Richman, Caitlin Myers, Davin Agustines, Robert Dasher, Alex Kopelowicz, Joseph Allevato, Mike Roybal, Eli Ipp, Uzma Haider, Sharon Graham, Vahid Mahabadi, Jeffrey Guterman. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet

Biorefinery Technologies for Biomass Conversion Into Chemicals and Fuels Towards Zero Emissions (Review) / Nulles Emisiju Princips Biomasas Konversijas Tehnoloģijās Aizstājot Fosilos Resursus (Pārskata Raksts)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gravitis, J.; Abolins, J.

2013-10-01

ģijām, bet ražošanas sistēmu projektēšanai - biomasas konversijas tehnoloģiju klasterizācijā. Aplūkojot virkni konkrētu tehnoloģisko risinājumu, TSA - biomasas autohidrolīzi tvaika sprādzienā tai skaitā, iztirzātas ar biomasas konversiju, izmantošanu un augstas pievienotās vērtības produktiem - ķīmiskiem savienojumiem un degvielām, saistītās ekololoģiskās un energoefektivitātes problēmas. Uzsverot biomasas TSA pirmapstrādes universālo nozīmi dažādo tehnoloģisko kompleksu struktūrā, aplūkota TSA ietekme uz vidi, demonstrējot eMerģijas (enerģētiskās atmiņas) pieeju un "ilgtspējas" indeksu izmantošanu. Lai gan pie sasniegtā tehnoloģiskās attīstības līmeņa un patreizējiem fosilo enerģijas nesēju patēriņa tempiem nav iespējams tos pilnībā aizstāt ar bioenerģiju, bioenerģijas sektora tehnoloģiju pilnveidošana ir svarīga arī bioresursu racionālas izmantošanas un citos aspektos. Latvijas enerģētiskās neatkarības kontekstā būtiska nozīme ir tradicionālo bioenerģijas resursu izmantošanas efektivitātes celšanai un inovatīvo bioenerģijas tehnoloģiju valstiskam atbalstam.u nulles

Dealing with missing data in remote sensing images within land and crop classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skakun, Sergii; Kussul, Nataliia; Basarab, Ruslan

of non-missing data to the subspace vectors in the map. Restoration of the missing values is performed in the following way. The multi-temporal pixel values (with gaps) are put to the neural network. A neuron-winner (or a best matching unit, BMU) in the SOM is selected based on the distance metric (for example, Euclidian). It should be noted that missing values are omitted from metric estimation when selecting BMU. When the BMU is selected, missing values are substituted by corresponding components of the BMU values. The efficiency of the proposed approach was tested on a time-series of Landsat-8 images over the JECAM test site in Ukraine and Sich-2 images over Crimea (Sich-2 is Ukrainian remote sensing satellite acquiring images at 8m spatial resolution). Landsat-8 images were first converted to the TOA reflectance, and then were atmospherically corrected so each pixel value represents a surface reflectance in the range from 0 to 1. The error of reconstruction (error of quantization) on training data was: band-2: 0.015; band-3: 0.020; band-4: 0.026; band-5: 0.070; band-6: 0.060; band-7: 0.055. The reconstructed images were also used for crop classification using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Overall accuracy was 85.98% and Cohen's kappa was 0.83. References. 1. Skakun, S., Kussul, N., Shelestov, A. and Kussul, O. “Flood Hazard and Flood Risk Assessment Using a Time Series of Satellite Images: A Case Study in Namibia,” Risk Analysis, 2013, doi: 10.1111/risa.12156. 2. Gallego, F.J., Kussul, N., Skakun, S., Kravchenko, O., Shelestov, A., Kussul, O. “Efficiency assessment of using satellite data for crop area estimation in Ukraine,” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 29, pp. 22-30, 2014. 3. Roy D.P., Ju, J., Lewis, P., Schaaf, C., Gao, F., Hansen, M., and Lindquist, E., “Multi-temporal MODIS-Landsat data fusion for relative radiometric normalization, gap filling, and prediction of Landsat data,” Remote Sensing of

Total ozone patterns over the southern mid-latitudes: spatial correlations, extreme events and dynamical contributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rieder, Harald E.; di Rocco, Stefania; Staehelin, Johannes; Maeder, Jörg A.; Ribatet, Mathieu; Peter, Thomas; Davison, Anthony C.

2010-05-01

influence of major volcanic eruptions (e.g. Mt. Pinatubo) and ozone depleting substances (ODS) on column ozone over the southern mid-latitudes is analyzed for the time period 1979-2007. References: Bodeker, G.E., J.C. Scott, K. Kreher, and R.L. McKenzie, Global ozone trends in potential vorticity coordinates using TOMS and GOME intercompared against the Dobson network: 1978-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D19), 23029-23042, 2001. Coles, S.: An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values, Springer Series in Statistics, ISBN:1852334592, Springer, Berlin, 2001. Müller, R., Grooß, J.-U., Lemmen, C., Heinze, D., Dameris, M., and Bodeker, G.: Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 251-264, 2008. Ribatet, M.: POT: Modelling peaks over a threshold, R News, 7, 34-36, 2007. Rieder ,H.E., Staehelin, J., Maeder, J.A., Ribatet, M., Stübi, R., Weihs, P., Holawe, F., Peter, T., and A.D., Davison (2010): Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa - Part I: Application of extreme value theory, to be submitted to ACPD. Rieder, H.E., Staehelin, J., Maeder, J.A., Ribatet, M., Stübi, R., Weihs, P., Holawe, F., Peter, T., and A.D., Davison (2010): Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa - Part II: Fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry and effects on mean values and long-term changes, to be submitted to ACPD. Rieder, H.E., Jancso, L.M., Staehelin, J., Maeder, J.A., Ribatet, Peter, T., and A.D., Davison (2010): Extreme events in total ozone over the northern mid-latitudes: A case study based on long-term data sets from 5 ground-based stations, in preparation. Staehelin, J., Kegel, R., and Harris, N. R.: Trend analysis of the homogenized total ozone series of Arosa (Switzerland), 1929-1996, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D7), 8389-8400, doi:10.1029/97JD03650, 1998a. Staehelin, J., Renaud, A., Bader, J., McPeters, R., Viatte, P., Hoegger, B., Bugnion, V., Giroud, M., and Schill, H.: Total ozone series at Arosa (Switzerland): Homogenization

Finding and characterizing candidate targets for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chodas, P.

2014-07-01

OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa 2 missions, Bennu and 1999 JU_3, should also become strong candidates in 2018. Also considered a valid candidate is 2008 EV_5: radar detected decameter-scale boulders on its surface, from which the presence of returnable ˜3-meter boulders can be inferred. The characterization rate for large-asteroid concept candidates using high-SNR radar is about 1 per year. NASA plans to choose between the two ARM concepts, capture an entire small asteroid versus pick up a boulder from a large one, within about a year.