The role of free kappa and lambda light chains in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

PubMed

Esparvarinha, Mojgan; Nickho, Hamid; Mohammadi, Hamed; Aghebati-Maleki, Leili; Abdolalizadeh, Jalal; Majidi, Jafar

2017-07-01

Kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) are produced from B cells during immunoglobulin synthesis. FLCs have been shown to participate in several key processes of immune responses. They are necessary to adjust PMN functions and assist PMN pre-stimulation. Moreover, they cause mast cell degranulation which releases pro-inflammatory mediators and stimulates local inflammatory responses in some conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Having low molecular weights which may straightly be toxic to proximal tubule cells (PTCs), FLCs can also have an important role in renal diseases. In this review we have highlighted the involvement of light chains in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases and discussed their potential to be the targets of therapeutic purposes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Triple Immunoglobulin Gene Knockout Transchromosomic Cattle: Bovine Lambda Cluster Deletion and Its Effect on Fully Human Polyclonal Antibody Production

PubMed Central

Matsushita, Hiroaki; Sano, Akiko; Wu, Hua; Jiao, Jin-an; Kasinathan, Poothappillai; Sullivan, Eddie J.; Wang, Zhongde; Kuroiwa, Yoshimi

2014-01-01

Towards the goal of producing fully human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs or hIgGs) in transchromosomic (Tc) cattle, we previously reported that Tc cattle carrying a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire unrearranged human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain (hIGH), kappa-chain (hIGK), and lambda-chain (hIGL) germline loci produced physiological levels of hIgGs when both of the bovine immunoglobulin mu heavy-chains, bIGHM and bIGHML1, were homozygously inactivated (bIGHM−/−, bIGHML1−/−; double knockouts or DKO). However, because endogenous bovine immunoglobulin light chain loci are still intact, the light chains are produced both from the hIGK and hIGL genomic loci on the HAC and from the endogenous bovine kappa-chain (bIGK) and lambda-chain (bIGL) genomic loci, resulting in the production of fully hIgGs (both Ig heavy-chains and light-chains are of human origin: hIgG/hIgκ or hIgG/hIgλ) and chimeric hIgGs (Ig heavy-chains are of human origin while the Ig light-chains are of bovine origin: hIgG/bIgκ or hIgG/bIgλ). To improve fully hIgG production in Tc cattle, we here report the deletion of the entire bIGL joining (J) and constant (C) gene cluster (bIGLJ1-IGLC1 to bIGLJ5-IGLC5) by employing Cre/loxP mediated site-specific chromosome recombination and the production of triple knockout (bIGHM−/−, bIGHML1−/− and bIGL−/−; TKO) Tc cattle. We further demonstrate that bIGL cluster deletion greatly improves fully hIgGs production in the sera of TKO Tc cattle, with 51.3% fully hIgGs (hIgG/hIgκ plus hIgG/hIgλ). PMID:24603704

Chimeric Anti-Human Podoplanin Antibody NZ-12 of Lambda Light Chain Exerts Higher Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Compared with NZ-8 of Kappa Light Chain.

PubMed

Kaneko, Mika K; Abe, Shinji; Ogasawara, Satoshi; Fujii, Yuki; Yamada, Shinji; Murata, Takeshi; Uchida, Hiroaki; Tahara, Hideaki; Nishioka, Yasuhiko; Kato, Yukinari

2017-02-01

Podoplanin (PDPN), a type I transmembrane 36-kDa glycoprotein, is expressed not only in normal cells, such as renal epithelial cells (podocytes), lymphatic endothelial cells, and pulmonary type I alveolar cells, but also in cancer cells, including brain tumors and lung squamous cell carcinomas. Podoplanin activates platelet aggregation by binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) on platelets, and the podoplanin/CLEC-2 interaction facilitates blood/lymphatic vessel separation. We previously produced neutralizing anti-human podoplanin monoclonal antibody (mAb), clone NZ-1 (rat IgG 2a , lambda), which neutralizes the podoplanin/CLEC-2 interaction and inhibits platelet aggregation and cancer metastasis. Human-rat chimeric antibody, NZ-8, was previously developed using variable regions of NZ-1 and human constant regions of heavy chain (IgG 1 ) and light chain (kappa chain). Although NZ-8 showed high antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against human podoplanin-expressing cancer cells, the binding affinity of NZ-8 was lower than that of NZ-1. Herein, we produced a novel human-rat chimeric antibody, NZ-12, the constant regions of which consist of IgG 1 heavy chain and lambda light chain. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that the binding affinity of NZ-12 was much higher than that of NZ-8. Furthermore, ADCC and CDC activities of NZ-12 were significantly increased against glioblastoma cell lines (LN319 and D397) and lung cancer cell line (PC-10). These results suggested that NZ-12 could become a promising therapeutic antibody against podoplanin-expressing brain tumors and lung cancers.

Rearrangement and expression of the human {Psi}C{lambda}6 gene segment results in a surface Ig receptor with a truncated light chain constant region

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stiernholm, N.B.J.; Verkoczy, L.K.; Berinstein, N.L.

1995-05-01

The constant region of the human Ig{lambda} locus consists of seven tandemly organized J-C gene segments. Although it has been established that the J-C{lambda}1, J-C{lambda}2, J-C{lambda}3, and J-C{lambda}7 gene segments are functional, and code for the four distinct Ig{lambda} isotypes found in human serum, the J-C{lambda}4, J-C{lambda}5, and J-C{lambda}6 gene segments are generally considered to be pseudogenes. Although one example of a functional J-C{lambda}6 gene segment has been documented, in the majority of cases, J-C{lambda}6 is rendered nonfunctional by virtue of a single duplication of four nucleotides, creating a premature translational arrest. We show here that rearrangements to the J-C{lambda}6more » gene segment do occur, and that such a rearrangement encodes an Ig{lambda} protein that lacks the terminal end of the constant region. We also show that this truncated protein is expressed on the surface with the IgH chain, creating an unusual surface Ig (sIg) receptor (sIg{triangle}CL). Cells that express this receptor on the surface do so at significantly reduced levels compared with clonally related variants, which express sIg receptors with conventional Ig{lambda} L chains. However, the effects of sIg cross-linking on tyrosine phosphorylation and surface expression of the CD25 and CD71 Ags are similar in cells that express conventional sIg receptors and in those that express sIg{triangle}CL receptors, suggesting that the latter could possibly function as an Ag receptor. 35 refs., 7 figs.« less

Half molecular exchange of IgGs in the blood of healthy humans: chimeric lambda-kappa-immunoglobulins containing HL fragments of antibodies of different subclasses (IgG1-IgG4).

PubMed

Sedykh, Sergey E; Lekchnov, Evgenii A; Prince, Viktor V; Buneva, Valentina N; Nevinsky, Georgy A

2016-10-20

In the classic paradigm, immunoglobulins represent products of clonal B cell populations, each producing antibodies recognizing a single antigen (monospecific). There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monospecific molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites. But the issue concerning the possibility of exchange by HL-fragments between the antibody molecules in human blood is still unexplored. Different physico-chemical and immunological methods for analysis of half-molecule exchange between human blood IgGs were used. Using eighteen blood samples of healthy humans we have shown unexpected results for the first time: blood antibodies undergo extensive post-transcriptional half-molecule exchange and IgG pools on average consist of 62.4 ± 6.5% IgGs containing kappa light chains (kappa-kappa-IgGs), 29.8.6 ± 5.4% lambda light chains (lambda-lambda-IgGs), and 8.8 ± 2.7% (range 2.6-16.8%) IgGs containing both kappa- and lambda-light chains. Kappa-kappa-IgGs and lambda-lambda-IgGs contained on average (%): IgG1 (36.0 and 32.3), IgG2 (50.9 and 51.4), IgG3 (9.7 and 9.9), and IgG4 (6.5 and 5.7), while chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of (%): 25.5 ± 4.2 IgG1, 50.8 ± 3.9 IgG2, 9.1 ± 2.1 IgG3, and 14.5 ± 2.2 IgG4. Our unexpected data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between blood IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens. The existence of blood chimeric bifunctional IgGs with different binding sites destroys the classic paradigm. Due to the phenomenon of polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of bifunctional IgGs containing HL-fragments of different types to different antigens, such IgGs may be important in human blood for widening their different biological functions.

Amino terminal sequence of heavy and light chains from ratfish immunoglobulin.

PubMed

De Ioannes, A E; Aguila, H L

1989-01-01

The ratfish, Callorhinchus callorhinchus, a representative of the Holocephali, has a natural serum hemagglutinin (Mr 960,000), composed of heavy (Mr 71,000), light (Mr 22,500), and J (Mr 16,000) chains. To approach the mechanisms that generate diversity at this level of evolution, the amino terminal sequence of the heavy and light chains was determined by automated microsequencing. The chains are unblocked and have modest internal sequence heterogeneity. The heavy chains show sequence similarity with the terminal region of the heavy chain from the horned shark, Heterodontus francisci, and other species. In contrast to the heavy chain, the ratfish light chains display low sequence similarity with their shark kappa counterparts. However, their similarity with the variable region of the chicken lambda light chains is about 75%.

A Single Mutation at the Sheet Switch Region Results in Conformational Changes Favoring 6 Light-Chain Fibrillogenesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hernández-Santoyo, A.; Del Pozo Yauner, L; Fuentes-Silva, D

Systemic amyloid light-chain (LC) amyloidosis is a disease process characterized by the pathological deposition of monoclonal LCs in tissue. All LC subtypes are capable of fibril formation although {lambda} chains, particularly those belonging to the {lambda}6 type, are overrepresented. Here, we report the thermodynamic and in vitro fibrillogenic properties of several mutants of the {lambda}6 protein 6aJL2 in which Pro7 and/or His8 was substituted by Ser or Pro. The H8P and H8S mutants were almost as stable as the wild-type protein and were poorly fibrillogenic. In contrast, the P7S mutation decreased the thermodynamic stability of 6aJL2 and greatly enhanced itsmore » capacity to form amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. The crystal structure of the P7S mutant showed that the substitution induced both local and long-distance effects, such as the rearrangement of the VL (variable region of the light chain)-VL interface. This mutant crystallized in two orthorhombic polymorphs, P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1} and C222{sub 1}. In the latter, a monomer that was not arranged in the typical Bence-Jones dimer was observed for the first time. Crystal-packing analysis of the C222{sub 1} lattice showed the establishment of intermolecular {beta}-{beta} interactions that involved the N-terminus and {beta}-strand B and that these could be relevant in the mechanism of LC fibril formation. Our results strongly suggest that Pro7 is a key residue in the conformation of the N-terminal sheet switch motif and, through long-distance interactions, is also critically involved in the contacts that stabilized the VL interface in {lambda}6 LCs.« less

Heavy and Light chain amyloidosois presenting as complete heart block: A rare presentation of a rare disease.

PubMed

Priyamvada, P S; Morkhandikar, S; Srinivas, B H; Parameswaran, S

2015-01-01

Amyloidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by deposition of proteinaceous material in the extracellular matrix, which results from abnormal protein folding. Even though more than 25 precursor proteins are identified, majority of systemic amyloidosis results from deposition of abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains. In heavy chain amyloidosis (AH), deposits are derived from both heavy chain alone, whereas in heavy and light chain amyloidosis (AHL), the deposits are derived from Ig heavy chains and light chains. Both AH and AHL are extremely rare diseases. Here, we report an unusual presentation of IgG (lambda) AHL amyloidosis in the background of multiple myeloma, where the initial clinical presentation was complete heart block, which preceded the definitive diagnosis by 18 months.

Ultrasensitive automated RNA in situ hybridization for kappa and lambda light chain mRNA detects B-cell clonality in tissue biopsies with performance comparable or superior to flow cytometry.

PubMed

Guo, Ling; Wang, Zhen; Anderson, Courtney M; Doolittle, Emerald; Kernag, Siobhan; Cotta, Claudiu V; Ondrejka, Sarah L; Ma, Xiao-Jun; Cook, James R

2018-03-01

The assessment of B-cell clonality is a critical component of the evaluation of suspected lymphoproliferative disorders, but analysis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues can be challenging if fresh tissue is not available for flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical and conventional bright field in situ hybridization stains for kappa and lambda are effective for evaluation of plasma cells but are often insufficiently sensitive to detect the much lower abundance of light chains present in B-cells. We describe an ultrasensitive RNA in situ hybridization assay that has been adapted for use on an automated immunohistochemistry platform and compare results with flow cytometry in 203 consecutive tissues and 104 consecutive bone marrows. Overall, in 203 tissue biopsies, RNA in situ hybridization identified light chain-restricted B-cells in 85 (42%) vs 58 (29%) by flow cytometry. Within 83 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, RNA in situ hybridization identified restricted B-cells in 74 (89%) vs 56 (67%) by flow cytometry. B-cell clonality could be evaluated in only 23/104 (22%) bone marrow cases owing to poor RNA preservation, but evaluable cases showed 91% concordance with flow cytometry. RNA in situ hybridization allowed for recognition of biclonal/composite lymphomas not identified by flow cytometry and highlighted unexpected findings, such as coexpression of kappa and lambda RNA in 2 cases and the presence of lambda light chain RNA in a T lymphoblastic lymphoma. Automated RNA in situ hybridization showed excellent interobserver reproducibility for manual evaluation (average K=0.92), and an automated image analysis system showed high concordance (97%) with manual evaluation. Automated RNA in situ hybridization staining, which can be adopted on commonly utilized immunohistochemistry instruments, allows for the interpretation of clonality in the context of the morphological features in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with a clinical sensitivity similar or superior to flow cytometry.

Ultrasensitive Automated RNA in situ Hybridization for Kappa and Lambda Light Chain mRNA Detects B-cell Clonality in Tissue Biopsies with Performance Comparable or Superior to Flow Cytometry

PubMed Central

Guo, Ling; Wang, Zhen; Anderson, Courtney M.; Doolittle, Emerald; Kernag, Siobhan; Cotta, Claudiu V.; Ondrejka, Sarah L.; Ma, Xiao-Jun; Cook, James R.

2017-01-01

The assessment of B-cell clonality is a critical component of the evaluation of suspected lymphoproliferative disorders, but analysis from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues can be challenging if fresh tissue is not available for flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical and conventional bright field in situ hybridization stains for kappa and lambda are effective for evaluation of plasma cells, but are often insufficiently sensitive to detect the much lower abundance of light chains present in B cells. We describe an ultrasensitive RNA in situ hybridization assay which has been adapted for use on an automated immunohistochemistry platform and compare results with flow cytometry in 203 consecutive tissues and 104 consecutive bone marrows. Overall, in 203 tissue biopsies, RNA in situ hybridization identified light chain restricted B-cells in 85 (42%) vs. 58 (29%) by flow cytometry. Within 83 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, RNA in situ hybridization identified a restricted B-cells in 74 (89%) vs. 56 (67%) by flow cytometry. B-cell clonality could be evaluated in only 23/104 (22%) bone marrow cases due to poor RNA preservation, but evaluable cases showed 91% concordance with flow cytometry. RNA in situ hybridization allowed for recognition of biclonal/composite lymphomas not identified by flow cytometry, and highlighted unexpected findings, such as coexpression of kappa and lambda RNA in 2 cases and the presence of lambda light chain RNA in a T lymphoblastic lymphoma. Automated RNA in situ hybridization showed excellent interobserver reproducibility for manual evaluation (average K=0.92), and an automated image analysis system showed high concordance (97%) with manual evaluation. Automated RNA in situ hybridization staining, which can be adopted on commonly utilized immunohistochemistry instruments, allows for the interpretation of clonality in the context of the morphologic features in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues with a clinical sensitivity similar or superior to flow cytometry. PMID:29052600

[A case of IgA2-lambda type M-protein that IgA concentration differs from the values of M-protein by serum protein electrophoresis].

PubMed

Fukushima, M; Sugano, M; Ichikawa, T; Honda, T; Totsuka, M; Katsuyama, T; Fujita, K

2001-07-01

We report an IgA-lambda type M-protein in which the IgA concentration differed from the values of M-protein by serum protein electrophoresis found in a 53-year-old man with multiple myeloma. The M-protein value as determined by serum protein electrophoresis was 6,170 mg/dl. However, the serum IgA concentration was 3,052 mg/dl by turbidimetric immunoassay. Immuno-fixation electrophoresis using IgA subclass antisera revealed that this M-protein was the IgA2-lambda type. Western blotting analysis showed that the IgA2 molecules were composed of two approximately 68 kDa alpha 2 chains and two 28 kDa lambda chains. In addition the free lambda chain band was detected at the position of 28 kDa without 2-mercaptoethanol(2-ME) even though the patient IgA was purified. Since it is known that IgA2m(1) allotype easily release light chains from the IgA molecules in SDS-PAGE without 2-ME, we speculated that in this patient the IgA was the IgA2m(1) allotype. After peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT), immunofixation electrophoresis of the patient serum revealed not only the bands of IgA2-lambda type M-protein, but also three bands of IgG1-kappa type M-protein in the gamma region.

Chromosomal locations of mouse immunoglobulin genes.

PubMed Central

Valbuena, O; Marcu, K B; Croce, C M; Huebner, K; Weigert, M; Perry, R P

1978-01-01

The chromosomal locations of the structural genes coding for the constant portions of mouse heavy (H) and light chain immunoglobulins were studied by molecular hybridization techniques. Complementary DNA probes containing the constant-region sequences of kappa and lambdaI light chain and alpha, gamma2b, and mu heavy chain mRNAs were annealed to a large excess of DNA from a series of eight mouse-human hybrid cell lines that are deficient for various mouse chromosomes. The lines were scored as positive when a high proportion of a probe annealed and negative when an insignificant proportion annealed. Some lines were clearly negative for H and lambda and clearly positive for kappa. Others were positive or intermediate for lambda, positive for kappa and negative for H. Still others, including a line that was selected for the absence of the mouse X chromosome, were positive for all immunoglobulin species. These results demonstrate that the Clambda, Ckappa, and CH genes are located on different autosomes in the mouse. In contrast, the three heavy-chain families exhibited consistently uniform hybridization results, suggesting that the genes for Calpha, Cgamma, and Cmu are located on the same chromosome. A comparison of karyotypic data with hybridization data has limited the possible locations of the Ig genes to only a few chromosomes. PMID:96442

Isotype analysis of the anti-CENP-B anticentromere autoantibody: evidence for restricted clonality.

PubMed

Eisenberg, R A; Earnshaw, W C; Bordwell, B J; Craven, S Y; Cheek, R; Rothfield, N F

1989-10-01

Utilizing the centromere B fusion protein (CENP-B) and specific, matched monoclonal antiisotype reagents in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that anti-CENP-B autoantibodies were skewed to the IgG1 isotype. The overall kappa:lambda light chain ratio was 2:1, although several individual sera showed a strong predominance of one of the light chains. Isoelectric focusing of light chain-skewed sera showed polyclonal patterns. Our findings are consistent with the anti-CENP-B autoantibody response being a chronic, antigen-driven response.

Immunoglobulin derived depositions in the nervous system: novel mass spectrometry application for protein characterization in formalin-fixed tissues.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Fausto J; Gamez, Jeffrey D; Vrana, Julie A; Theis, Jason D; Giannini, Caterina; Scheithauer, Bernd W; Parisi, Joseph E; Lucchinetti, Claudia F; Pendlebury, William W; Bergen, H Robert; Dogan, Ahmet

2008-10-01

Proteinaceous deposits are occasionally encountered in surgically obtained biopsies of the nervous system. Some of these are amyloidomas, although the precise nature of other cases remains uncertain. We studied 13 cases of proteinaceous aggregates in clinical specimens of the nervous system. Proteins contained within laser microdissected areas of interest were identified from tryptic peptide sequences by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Immunohistochemical studies for immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and amyloidogenic proteins were performed in all cases. Histologically, the cases were classified into three groups: 'proteinaceous deposit not otherwise specified' (PDNOS) (n=6), amyloidoma (n=5), or 'intracellular crystals' (n=2). LC-MS/MS demonstrated the presence of lambda, but not kappa, light chain as well as serum amyloid P in all amyloidomas. lambda-Light-chain immunostaining was noted in amyloid (n=5), although demonstrable monotypic lymphoplasmacytic cells were seen in only one case. Conversely, in PDNOS kappa, but not lambda, was evident in five cases, both light chains being present in a single case. In three cases of PDNOS, a low-grade B-cell lymphoma consistent with marginal zone lymphoma was present in the brain specimen (n=2) or spleen (n=1). Lastly, in the 'intracellular crystals' group, the crystals were present within CD68+ macrophages in one case wherein kappa-light chain was found by LC-MS/MS only; the pathology was consistent with crystal-storing histiocytosis. In the second case, the crystals contained immunoglobulin G within CD138+ plasma cells. Our results show that proteinaceous deposits in the nervous system contain immunoglobulin components and LC-MS/MS accurately identifies the content of these deposits in clinical biopsy specimens. LC-MS/MS represents a novel application for characterization of these deposits and is of diagnostic utility in addition to standard immunohistochemical analyses.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase and SLP-65 regulate pre-B cell differentiation and the induction of Ig light chain gene rearrangement.

PubMed

Kersseboom, Rogier; Ta, Van B T; Zijlstra, A J Esther; Middendorp, Sabine; Jumaa, Hassan; van Loo, Pieter Fokko; Hendriks, Rudolf W

2006-04-15

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and the adapter protein SLP-65 (Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 65 kDa) transmit precursor BCR (pre-BCR) signals that are essential for efficient developmental progression of large cycling into small resting pre-B cells. We show that Btk- and SLP-65-deficient pre-B cells have a specific defect in Ig lambda L chain germline transcription. In Btk/SLP-65 double-deficient pre-B cells, both kappa and lambda germline transcripts are severely reduced. Although these observations point to an important role for Btk and SLP-65 in the initiation of L chain gene rearrangement, the possibility remained that these signaling molecules are only required for termination of pre-B cell proliferation or for pre-B cell survival, whereby differentiation and L chain rearrangement is subsequently initiated in a Btk/SLP-65-independent fashion. Because transgenic expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 did not rescue the developmental arrest of Btk/SLP-65 double-deficient pre-B cells, we conclude that defective L chain opening in Btk/SLP-65-deficient small resting pre-B cells is not due to their reduced survival. Next, we analyzed transgenic mice expressing the constitutively active Btk mutant E41K. The expression of E41K-Btk in Ig H chain-negative pro-B cells induced 1) surface marker changes that signify cellular differentiation, including down-regulation of surrogate L chain and up-regulation of CD2, CD25, and MHC class II; and 2) premature rearrangement and expression of kappa and lambda light chains. These findings demonstrate that Btk and SLP-65 transmit signals that induce cellular maturation and Ig L chain rearrangement independently of their role in termination of pre-B cell expansion.

Serum Free Light Chain Assay and κ/λ Ratio: Performance in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy-High False Negative Rate for κ/λ Ratio

PubMed Central

Singh, Gurmukh

2017-01-01

Background Serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) and κ/λ ratio, and protein electrophoretic methods are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies. Methods Results for serum free light chains, serum and urine protein electrophoreses and immunofixation electrophoreses in 468 patients with a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy were compared. The results of the two methods were graded as concordant, non-concordant or discordant with the established diagnoses to assess the relative performance of the methods. Results of κ/λ ratio in samples with monoclonal protein detectable by electrophoretic methods were also analyzed. Results Protein electrophoreses results were concordant with the established diagnoses significantly more often than κ/λ ratio. The false negative rate for κ/λ ratio was higher than that for electrophoretic methods. κ/λ ratio was falsely negative in about 27% of the 1,860 samples with detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin. The false negative rate was higher in lesions with lambda chains (32%) than those with kappa chains (24%). The false negative rate for κ/λ ratio was over 55% in samples with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Even at first encounter, the false negative rates for κ/λ ratios for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering myeloma and multiple myeloma were 66.98%, 23.08%, and 30.15%, respectively, with false negative rate for lambda chain lesions being higher. Conclusions Electrophoretic studies of serum and urine are superior to SFLCA and κ/λ ratio. Abnormal κ/λ ratio, per se, is not diagnostic of monoclonal gammopathy. A normal κ/λ ratio does not exclude monoclonal gammopathy. False negative rates for lesions with lambda chain are higher than those for lesions with kappa chains. Electrophoretic studies of urine are underutilized. Clinical usefulness and medical necessity of SFLCA and κ/λ ratio is of questionable value in routine clinical testing. PMID:27924175

Serum Free Light Chain Assay and κ/λ Ratio: Performance in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy-High False Negative Rate for κ/λ Ratio.

PubMed

Singh, Gurmukh

2017-01-01

Serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) and κ/λ ratio, and protein electrophoretic methods are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies. Results for serum free light chains, serum and urine protein electrophoreses and immunofixation electrophoreses in 468 patients with a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy were compared. The results of the two methods were graded as concordant, non-concordant or discordant with the established diagnoses to assess the relative performance of the methods. Results of κ/λ ratio in samples with monoclonal protein detectable by electrophoretic methods were also analyzed. Protein electrophoreses results were concordant with the established diagnoses significantly more often than κ/λ ratio. The false negative rate for κ/λ ratio was higher than that for electrophoretic methods. κ/λ ratio was falsely negative in about 27% of the 1,860 samples with detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin. The false negative rate was higher in lesions with lambda chains (32%) than those with kappa chains (24%). The false negative rate for κ/λ ratio was over 55% in samples with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Even at first encounter, the false negative rates for κ/λ ratios for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering myeloma and multiple myeloma were 66.98%, 23.08%, and 30.15%, respectively, with false negative rate for lambda chain lesions being higher. Electrophoretic studies of serum and urine are superior to SFLCA and κ/λ ratio. Abnormal κ/λ ratio, per se , is not diagnostic of monoclonal gammopathy. A normal κ/λ ratio does not exclude monoclonal gammopathy. False negative rates for lesions with lambda chain are higher than those for lesions with kappa chains. Electrophoretic studies of urine are underutilized. Clinical usefulness and medical necessity of SFLCA and κ/λ ratio is of questionable value in routine clinical testing.

Quantitation of IgG kappa and IgG lambda in the cerebrospinal fluid by sandwich ELISA method.

PubMed

Zeman, David; Kušnierová, Pavlína; Bojková, Jana; Všianský, František; Zapletalová, Olga

2017-01-01

IgG kappa and IgG lambda concentrations were quantified in 96 paired CSF and sera using Hevylite™ antibodies in an in-house developed sandwich ELISA method. In 56 of these samples, the results were compared with a qualitative isoelectric focusing/affinity-mediated immunoblotting assay for oligoclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda. Normal IgG kappa/lambda ratio in the CSF was the same as in serum. In 19/33 patients with intrathecal oligoclonal IgG synthesis, skewed IgG kappa/lambda ratio was observed (increased in 16 and decreased in 3 cases). The analysis of light chain composition of intrathecally synthesised immunoglobulins could contribute to our understanding of intrathecal humoral immune response, although its diagnostic utility is limited.

Identification of human antibody fragment clones specific for tetanus toxoid in a bacteriophage. lambda. immunoexpression library

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mullinax, R.L.; Gross, E.A.; Amberg, J.R.

1990-10-01

The authors have applied a molecular biology approach to the identification of human monoclonal antibodies. Human peripheral blood lymphocyte mRNA was converted to cDNA and a select subset was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. These products, containing coding sequences for numerous immunoglobulin heavy- and {kappa} light-chain variable and constant region domains, were inserted into modified bacteriophase {lambda} expression vectors and introduced into Escherichia coli by infection to yield a combinatorial immunoexpression library. Clones with binding activity to tetanus toxoid were identified by filter hybridization with radiolabeled antigen and appeared at a frequency of 0.2{percent} in the library. These humanmore » antigen binding fragments, consisting of a heavy-chain fragment covalently linked to a light chain, displayed high affinity of binding to tetanus toxoid with equilibrium constants in the nanomolar range but did not cross-react with other proteins tested. They estimate that this human immunoexpression library contains 20,000 clones with high affinity and specificity to our chosen antigen.« less

[Plasma cell dyscrasias and renal damage].

PubMed

Pasquali, Sonia; Iannuzzella, Francesco; Somenzi, Danio; Mattei, Silvia; Bovino, Achiropita; Corradini, Mattia

2012-01-01

Kidney damage caused by immunoglobulin free light chains in the setting of plasma cell dyscrasias is common and may involve all renal compartments, from the glomerulus to the tubulointerstitium, in a wide variety of histomorphological and clinical patterns. The knowledge of how free light chains can promote kidney injury is growing: they can cause functional changes, be processed and deposited, mediate inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis, and obstruct nephrons. Each clone of the free light chain is unique and its primary structure and post-translation modification can determine the type of renal disease. Measurement of serum free light chain concentrations and calculation of the serum kappa/lambda ratio, together with renal biopsy, represent essential diagnostic tools. An early and correct diagnosis of renal lesions due to plasma cell dyscrasias will allow early initiation of disease-specific treatment strategies. The treatment of free light chain nephropathies is evolving and knowledge of the pathways that promote renal damage should lead to further therapeutic developments.

Human placenta: relative content of antibodies of different classes and subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) containing lambda- and kappa-light chains and chimeric lambda-kappa-immunoglobulins.

PubMed

Lekchnov, Evgenii A; Sedykh, Sergey E; Dmitrenok, Pavel S; Buneva, Valentina N; Nevinsky, Georgy A

2015-06-01

The specific organ placenta is much more than a filter: it is an organ that protects, feeds and regulates the growth of the embryo. Affinity chromatography, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry were used. Using 10 intact human placentas deprived of blood, a quantitative analysis of average relative content [% of total immunoglobulins (Igs)] was carried out for the first time: (92.7), IgA (2.4), IgM (2.5), kappa-antibodies (51.4), lambda-antibodies (48.6), IgG1 (47.0), IgG2 (39.5), IgG3 (8.8) and IgG4 (4.3). It was shown for the first time that placenta contains sIgA (2.5%). In the classic paradigm, Igs represent products of clonal B-cell populations, each producing antibodies recognizing a single antigen. There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monovalent molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites. However, similarly to human milk Igs, placenta antibodies undergo extensive half-molecule exchange and the IgG pool consists of 43.5 ± 15.0% kappa-kappa-IgGs and 41.6 ± 17.0% lambda-lambda-IgGs, while 15.0 ± 4.0% of the IgGs contained both kappa- and lambda-light chains. Kappa-kappa-IgGs and lambda-lambda-IgGs contained, respectively (%): IgG1 (47.7 and 34.4), IgG2 (36.3 and 44.5), IgG3 (7.4 and 11.8) and IgG4 (7.5 and 9.1), while chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of (%): 43.5 IgG1, 41.0 IgG2, 5.6 IgG3 and 7.9 IgG4. Our data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between placenta IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens, which explains a very well-known polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of different human IgGs. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Complex of a Protective Antibody with its Ebola Virus GP Peptide Epitope: Unusual Features of a V lambda x Light Chain

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

twists. Bioinformatics, 19, ii246–ii255. 52. Lawrence, M. C. & Colman, P. M. (1993). Shape complementarity at protein / protein interfaces . J. Mol. Biol...envelope spike, which is the sole protein expressed on the surface of the Ebola virus and is involved in receptor binding, tropism, and viral entry.6–9 It...26 At the variable light chain/heavy chain (VL/VH) interface of 13F6-1-2, ∼1025 Å2 surface area is buried on VL Fig. 1. Nucleotide and translated amino

Serum free light chains, interferon-alpha, and interleukins in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed

Jolly, M; Francis, S; Aggarwal, R; Mikolaitis, R A; Niewold, T B; Chubinskaya, S; Block, J A; Scanzello, C; Sequeira, W

2014-08-01

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and free light chains (FLCs: lambda, kappa) have all been noted to be of importance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we quantified and explored the relationship between these inflammatory mediators and disease activity in SLE; and stratified by their current anti-dsDNA antibody status. Seventy-seven SLE patients underwent assessment of disease activity using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum FLC (lambda, kappa, and total), IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-α were quantified. Demographics of disease characteristics were determined by chart reviews. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney test, chi square, and linear regression analyses. Mean (SD) age of the patients was 44.9 ± 12.7 years; SLEDAI (mean ± SD) was 3.4 ± 4.0. Serum lambda FLC levels had a moderate correlation (r = 0.46 with physician global assessment, 0.44 with SLEDAI) and the strongest correlation with disease activity as compared with other inflammatory mediators including current dsDNA antibody status. After adjusting for prednisone use, the correlation of lambda FLC with PGA (r = 0.48) and SLEDAI (r = 0.52) was better than of current dsDNA antibody status with PGA (r = 0.33) and adjusted SLEDAI (r = 0.24), respectively. IL-10 and IFN-α activity did not correlate with disease activity. Serum FLC and IL-6 levels could differentiate between active and inactive SLE patients. Serum lambda FLC and IL-6 levels differed significantly among patients with and without current dsDNA antibodies. Serum lambda FLC levels accounted for 31% of variance in SLEDAI scores. Serum FLC and IL-6 are potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity in SLE. Further studies, with larger study sample and longitudinal design, are indicated. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

The risk of renal disease is increased in lambda myeloma with bone marrow amyloid deposits.

PubMed

Kozlowski, Piotr; Montgomery, Scott; Befekadu, Rahel; Hahn-Strömberg, Victoria

2017-01-01

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare deposition disease and is present in 10-15% of patients with myeloma (MM). In contrast to symptomatic AL in MM, presence of bone marrow (BM) amyloid deposits (AD) in MM is not connected to kidney damage. Renal AD but not BM-AD occur mostly in MM with lambda paraprotein (lambda MM). We investigated amyloid presence in BM clots taken at diagnosis in 84 patients with symptomatic MM and compared disease characteristics in MM with kappa paraprotein (kappa MM)/lambda MM with and without BM-AD. Lambda MM with BM-AD was compared with kappa MM without BM-AD, kappa MM with BM-AD, and lambda MM without BM-AD: lambda MM with BM-AD patients had a significantly higher mean creatinine level (4.23 mg/dL vs 1.69, 1.14, and 1.28 mg/dL, respectively) and a higher proportion presented with severe kidney failure (6/11 [55%] vs 6/32 [19%], 1/22 [5%], and 3/19 [16%], respectively). Proteinuria was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD patients compared with kappa MM without BM-AD patients (8/11 [73%] vs 5/32 [16%], respectively). Kidney damage was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD indicating presence of renal AD.

Structural basis of light chain amyloidogenicity: comparison of the thermodynamic properties, fibrillogenic potential and tertiary structural features of four vλ6 proteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wall, J.S.; Gupta, V.; Wilkerson, M.

2004-04-01

Primary (AL) amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chains as amyloid fibrils. Studies of recombinant-derived variable region (V{sub L}) fragments of these proteins have shown an inverse relationship between thermodynamic stability and fibrillogenic potential. Further, ionic interactions within the V{sub L} domain were predicted to influence the kinetics of light chain fibrillogenicity, as evidenced from our analyses of a relatively stable V{sub {lambda}}6 protein (Jto) with a long range electrostatic interaction between Asp and Arg side chains at position 29 and 68, respectively, and an unstable, highly fibrillogenic V{sub {lambda}}6 protein (Wil) that had neutral amino acidsmore » at these locations. To test this hypothesis, we have generated two Jto-related mutants designed to disrupt the interaction between Asp 29 and Arg 68 (JtoD29A and JtoR68S). Although the thermodynamic stabilities of unfolding for these two molecules were identical, they exhibited very different kinetics of fibril formation: the rate of JtoD29A fibrillogenesis was slow and comparable to the parent molecule, whereas that of JtoR68S was significantly faster. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analyses of crystals prepared from the two mutants having the same space group and unit cell dimensions revealed no significant main-chain conformational changes. However, several notable side-chain alterations were observed in JtoR68S, as compared with JtoD29A, that resulted in the solvent exposure of a greater hydrophobic surface and modifications in the electrostatic potential surface. We posit that these differences contributed to the enhanced fibrillogenic potential of the Arg 68 mutant, since both Jto mutants lacked the intrachain ionic interaction and were equivalently unstable. The information gleaned from our studies has provided insight into structural parameters that in addition to overall thermodynamic stability, contribute to the fibril forming propensity of immunoglobulin light chains.« less

Immunoglobulin light chain allelic inclusion in systemic lupus erythematosus

PubMed Central

Fraser, Louise D.; Zhao, Yuan; Lutalo, Pamela M. K.; D'Cruz, David P.; Cason, John; Silva, Joselli S.; Dunn‐Walters, Deborah K.; Nayar, Saba; Cope, Andrew P.

2015-01-01

The principles of allelic exclusion state that each B cell expresses a single light and heavy chain pair. Here, we show that B cells with both kappa and lambda light chains (Igκ and Igλ) are enriched in some patients with the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but not in the systemic autoimmune disease control granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Detection of dual Igκ and Igλ expression by flow cytometry could not be abolished by acid washing or by DNAse treatment to remove any bound polyclonal antibody or complexes, and was retained after two days in culture. Both surface and intracytoplasmic dual light chain expression was evident by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We observed reduced frequency of rearrangements of the kappa‐deleting element (KDE) in SLE and an inverse correlation between the frequency of KDE rearrangement and the frequency of dual light chain expressing B cells. We propose that dual expression of Igκ and Igλ by a single B cell may occur in some patients with SLE when this may be a consequence of reduced activity of the KDE. PMID:26036683

Immunoturbidimetric assay for estimating free light chains of immunoglobulins in urine and serum.

PubMed Central

Tillyer, C R; Iqbal, J; Raymond, J; Gore, M; McIlwain, T J

1991-01-01

An immunoturbidimetric assay for the assessment of free kappa and lambda light chains of immunoglobulins was developed using a commercial polyclonal antiserum with reactivity towards epitopes on the light chains, which are not expressed when they are bound to heavy chains. The assay, on a centrifugal analyser, is simple and rapid. The limit of detection is 5 mg/l of free light chain, with an assay range of 5-120 mg/l, intrabatch precisions from 1.5-6.4%, and interbatch precisions from 6.5-8.9%. The assay was only slightly less sensitive than colloidal gold staining of cellulose acetate electrophoreses for the detection of Bence-Jones protein in urine. For the serial monitoring of response to chemotherapy in patients with myeloma, the assay correlated well with serum paraprotein estimates obtained by densitometric scanning of Ponceau stained cellulose acetate electrophoreses, but not with serum beta-2 microglobulin measurements, even after correction for the effects of creatinine. These assays may prove to be of use for the monitoring of tumour response in the treatment of Bence-Jones myeloma. PMID:1906071

Identification of secreted and membrane-bound bat immunoglobulin using a Microchiropteran-specific mouse monoclonal antibody.

PubMed

Lee, William T; Jones, Derek D; Yates, Jennifer L; Winslow, Gary M; Davis, April D; Rudd, Robert J; Barron, Christopher T; Cowan, Cailyn

2016-12-01

Bat immunity has received increasing attention because some bat species are being decimated by the fungal disease, White Nose Syndrome, while other species are potential reservoirs of zoonotic viruses. Identifying specific immune processes requires new specific tools and reagents. In this study, we describe a new mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) reactive with Eptesicus fuscus immunoglobulins. The epitope recognized by mAb BT1-4F10 was localized to immunoglobulin light (lambda) chains; hence, the mAb recognized serum immunoglobulins and B lymphocytes. The BT1-4F10 epitope appeared to be restricted to Microchiropteran immunoglobulins and absent from Megachiropteran immunoglobulins. Analyses of sera and other E. fuscus fluids showed that most, if not all, secreted immunoglobulins utilized lambda light chains. Finally, mAb BT1-4F10 permitted the identification of B cell follicles in splenic white pulp. This Microchiropteran-specific mAb has potential utility in seroassays; hence, this reagent may have both basic and practical applications for studying immune process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immunoglobulin light chain allelic inclusion in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed

Fraser, Louise D; Zhao, Yuan; Lutalo, Pamela M K; D'Cruz, David P; Cason, John; Silva, Joselli S; Dunn-Walters, Deborah K; Nayar, Saba; Cope, Andrew P; Spencer, Jo

2015-08-01

The principles of allelic exclusion state that each B cell expresses a single light and heavy chain pair. Here, we show that B cells with both kappa and lambda light chains (Igκ and Igλ) are enriched in some patients with the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but not in the systemic autoimmune disease control granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Detection of dual Igκ and Igλ expression by flow cytometry could not be abolished by acid washing or by DNAse treatment to remove any bound polyclonal antibody or complexes, and was retained after two days in culture. Both surface and intracytoplasmic dual light chain expression was evident by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We observed reduced frequency of rearrangements of the kappa-deleting element (KDE) in SLE and an inverse correlation between the frequency of KDE rearrangement and the frequency of dual light chain expressing B cells. We propose that dual expression of Igκ and Igλ by a single B cell may occur in some patients with SLE when this may be a consequence of reduced activity of the KDE. © 2015 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins in Sjögren syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance in 237 patients.

PubMed

Brito-Zerón, Pilar; Ramos-Casals, Manuel; Nardi, Norma; Cervera, Ricard; Yagüe, Jordi; Ingelmo, Miguel; Font, Josep

2005-03-01

We conducted the current study to analyze the prevalence and clinical significance of circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS), focusing on the association with extraglandular features, immunologic markers, hematologic neoplasia, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We performed serum immunoelectrophoresis in 200 patients with primary SS and 37 patients with HCV-related SS. All patients fulfilled 4 or more of the 1993 European classification criteria for SS.Of the 200 patients with primary SS, 35 (18%) presented circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins. The monoclonal bands identified were 20 IgG (13 kappa, 7 lambda), 10 IgM (5 kappa, 5 lambda), 2 IgAkappa, and 3 free circulating light chains. Of the 37 SS-HCV patients, 16 (43%) had circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins. The monoclonal bands identified were 10 IgMkappa, 5 IgGlambda, and 1 free light lambda chain. Compared with primary SS patients, SS-HCV patients presented a higher frequency of monoclonal immunoglobulins (43% vs 18%, p = 0.001), with monoclonal IgMkappa being the most frequent monoclonal band. Six (12%) of the 51 SS patients with circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins presented hematologic neoplasia, compared with 3 (1.6%) of those without monoclonal immunoglobulins (p = 0.004; odds ratio = 8.13; 95% confidence intervals, 1.64-51.54). In 2 of the 6 patients with monoclonal immunoglobulins and lymphoproliferative disorders, a change of the monoclonal component was detected in previous immunoelectrophoresis determinations before the development of hematologic neoplasia. Circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins were detected in nearly 20% of patients with primary SS, with monoclonal IgG being the most frequent type of immunoglobulin detected. In SS-HCV patients, the prevalence of monoclonal immunoglobulins was higher (43%), with monoclonal IgM being the most frequent type found. SS-HCV patients presented a more restrictive monoclonal expression (limited to either monoclonal IgMkappa or monoclonal IgGlambda) than primary SS patients, who showed all types of heavy and light chains.

Effectiveness of Haemodiafiltration with Heat Sterilized High-Flux Polyphenylene HF Dialyzer in Reducing Free Light Chains in Patients with Myeloma Cast Nephropathy

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Introduction In cases of myeloma cast nephropathy in need of haemodialysis (HD), reduction of free light chains using HD with High-Cut-Off filters (HCO-HD), in combination with chemotherapy, may be associated with better renal recovery. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of haemodiafiltration (HDF) in reducing free light chain levels using a less expensive heat sterilized high-flux polyphenylene HF dialyzer (HF-HDF). Methods In a single-centre prospective cohort study, 327 dialysis sessions were performed using a 2.2 m2 heat sterilized high-flux polyphenylene HF dialyzer (Phylther HF22SD), a small (1.1m2) or large (2.1 m2) high-cut-off (HCO) dialyzer (HCOS and HCOL) in a cohort of 16 patients presenting with dialysis-dependent acute cast nephropathy and elevated free light chains (10 kappa, 6 lambda). The outcomes of the study were the mean reduction ratio (RR) of kappa and lambda, the proportion of treatments with an RR of at least 0.65, albumin loss and the description of patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using linear and logistic regression through generalized estimating equation analysis so as to take into account repeated observation within subjects and adjust for session duration. Results There were no significant differences in the estimated marginal mean of kappa RR, which were respectively 0.67, 0.69 and 0.70 with HCOL-HD, HCOS-HDF and HF-HDF (P = 0.950). The estimated marginal mean of the proportions of treatments with a kappa RR ≥0.65 were 68%, 63% and 71% with HCOL-HD, HCOS-HDF and HF-HDF, respectively (P = 0.913). The estimated marginal mean of lambda RR were higher with HCOL-HDF (0.78), compared to HCOL-HD and HF-HDF (0.62, and 0.61 respectively). The estimated marginal mean proportion of treatments with a lambda RR ≥0.65 were higher with HCOL-HDF (81%), compared to 57% in HF-HDF (P = 0.042). The median albumin loss were 7, 21 and 63 g/session with HF-HDF, HCOL-HD and HCOL-HDF respectively (P = 0.044). Among survivors, 9 out of 10 episodes of acute kidney injuries became dialysis-independent following a median time of renal replacement therapy of 40 days (range 7–181). Conclusion Therefore, in patients with acute dialysis-dependent myeloma cast nephropathy, in addition to chemotherapy, HDF with a heat sterilized high-flux polyphenylene HF dialyzer could offer an alternative to HCO dialysis for extracorporeal kappa reduction with lower albumin loss. PMID:26466100

Dynamics of Single Chains of Suspended Ferrofluid Particles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cutillas, S.; Liu, J.

1999-01-01

We present an experimental study of the dynamics of isolated chains made of super-paramagnetic particles under the influence of a magnetic field. The motivation of this work is to understand if the chain fluctuations exist and, if it does, how does the fluctuation affect chain aggregation. We find that single chains strongly fluctuate and that the characteristic frequency of their fluctuations is inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength. The higher the field the lower the characteristic frequency of the chain fluctuations. In the high magnetic field limit, chains behave like rigid rods without any internal motions. In this work, we used ferrofluid particles suspended in water. These particles do not have any intrinsic magnetization. Once a magnetic field is applied, a dipole moment is induced in each particle, proportional to the magnetic field. A dipolar magnetic interaction then occurs between particles. If dipole-dipole magnetic energy is higher than the thermal energy, the result is a structure change inside the dipolar fluid. The ratio of these two energies is expressed by a coupling constant lambda as: lambda = (pi(a(exp 3))(chi(exp 2))(mu(sub 0))(H(sub 0))(exp 2))/18kT Where a is the particle radius, mu(sub 0) is the vacuum magnetic permeability, H(sub 0) the applied magnetic field, k the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature. If lambda > 1, magnetic particles form chains along the field direction. The lateral coalescence of several chains may form bigger aggregates especially if the particle volume fraction is high. While many studies and applications deal with the rheological properties and the structural changes of these dipolar fluids, this work focuses on the understanding of the chain dynamics. In order to probe the chain dynamics, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) in self-beating mode as our experimental technique. The experimental geometry is such that the scattering plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field. Therefore, only motions in this plane are probed. A very dilute sample of a ferrofluid emulsion with a particle volume fraction of 10(exp -5) is used in this experiment. We chose such a low volume fraction to avoid multiple light scattering as well as lateral chain-chain aggregation. DLS measures the dynamic structure factor S(q,t) of the sample (q is the scattering wave vector, t is the time). In the absence of the magnetic field, identical particles of ferrofluid droplets are randomly distributed and S(q,t) reduces to exp(-q(exp 2)2D(sub 0)t). D(sub 0)=(kT/(6(pi)(eta)(a)) is the diffusion coefficient of Brownian particles (where Xi = (6(pi)(eta)(a)) is the Stokes frictional coefficient of a spherical particle in a fluid of viscosity eta). If interactions or polydispersity can not be ignored, an effective diffusion coefficient is introduced. Formally, D(sub eff) is defined as: D(sub eff) = - q(exp -2) partial derivative of (ln(S(q,t)) with respect to time, as t goes to 0. D(sub eff) reduces to D(sub 0) if no interactions and only a few particles size are present. Therefore, we can use DLS to measure particle size. The particle radius was found to be a=0.23 mu m with 7% of polydispersity. In this case, if we vary the scattering angle theta (and so q) we do not have any change in the measured diffusion coefficient: it is q-independent. When a magnetic field is applied, particles aggregate into chains if lambda > 1. We first studied the kinetics of the chain formation when lambda = 406. At a fixed scattering angle, we measured diffusion coefficient D(sub eff) as a function of time. Experimentally, we find that D(sub eff) decreases monotonously with time. Physically, this means that chains are becoming longer and longer. Since we are only sensitive to motions in the scattering plane and since chains have their main axis perpendicular to this plane, the measured diffusion coefficient is the trans-verse diffusion coefficient. We can relate D(sub eff) to the mean number of particles per chain N(t) at a given time and to the diffusion coefficient of an isolated particle D(sub 0) as D(sub eff)=f(N(t))D(sub 0). Since f(N) is known from other recent work, N can be expressed as a function of the time. We found a square root dependency: N(t) proportional to the square root of t. As expected for very low volume fraction, this behavior is characteristic of a diffusion-limited aggregation as suggested by several authors and by our previous work. In this study, we focus on the dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient on the scattering angle and the magnetic field strength. After the magnetic field is applied (lambda = 406) for a long time, typically 6 hours, kinetics of chain formation becomes very slow. Chain size does not vary much over the next hour period. Thus, we can perform different interesting experiments. First, at a fixed magnetic field, we measure the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of the scattering angle (from 5 to 130 deg). Our results show that the measured diffusion coefficient increases linearly with the scattering angle: D(sub eff) proportional to q. If we do the same experiment for different lambda values, D(sub eff) depends on lambda as D(sub eff) proportional to lambda(exp -1/2). We also find for different lambda values that the same asymptotic D(sub eff) value is obtained when q approaches zero. The angle dependency of D(sub eff) suggests that an additional motion exists besides chain drifting. Chain size is constant during experiment, which was verified by measuring the same diffusion coefficient at the beginning and at the end of the angle switching. If chains are rigid, D(sub eff) is independent of q. Therefore, we found that D(sub eff) not only measures the motion of the entire chain but also its internal fluctuations. These internal motions are the fluctuations of the particles in the chain. To understand the q dependency of D(sub eff), let us look at the probing length used. In our study, the characteristic length scale probed is l=2pi/q which is in the range of 0.9

Expression and Functional Properties of an Anti-Triazophos High-Affinity Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody with Specific Lambda Light Chain

PubMed Central

Liu, Rui; Liang, Xiao; Xiang, Dandan; Guo, Yirong; Liu, Yihua; Zhu, Guonian

2016-01-01

Triazophos is a widely used organophosphorous insecticide that has potentially adverse effects to organisms. In the present study, a high-affinity single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody with specific lambda light chain was developed for residue monitoring. First, the specific variable regions were correctly amplified from a hybridoma cell line 8C10 that secreted monoclonal antibody (mAb) against triazophos. The regions were then assembled as scFv via splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the recombinant anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB2151 in soluble form, purified through immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and verified via Western blot and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Afterward, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established based on the purified anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 antibody. The assay exhibited properties similar to those based on the parent mAb, with a high sensitivity (IC50 of 1.73 ng/mL) to triazophos and no cross reaction for other organophosphorus pesticides; it was reliable in detecting triazophos residues in spiked water samples. Moreover, kinetic measurement using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that the purified scFv-8C10 antibody had a high affinity of 1.8 × 10−10 M and exhibited good binding stability. Results indicated that the recombinant high-affinity scFv-8C10 antibody was an effective detection material that would be promising for monitoring triazophos residues in environment samples. PMID:27338340

Poliomyelitis: immunoglobulin-containing cells in the central nervous system in acute and convalescent phases of the human disease.

PubMed Central

Esiri, M M

1980-01-01

The immunoperoxidase method has been used to demonstrate the presence of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the central nervous system in acute and convalescent phases of poliomyelitis. These cells were found in considerable numbers in the areas of damage during the acute phase, and persisted at the same sites, though in smaller numbers, during the convalescent phase for at least 8 months. Most of the positively stained cells were plasma cells. IgA was the commonest heavy chain type demonstrated, with lesser amounts also of IgG and, during the acute phase, IgM. In the acute phase more lambda than kappa light chain was demonstrated but in the convalescent phase this ratio was reversed. More light chain than heavy chain was demonstrable during the acute phase. The significance of these results is briefly discussed. Images Fig. 2 PMID:6771081

Fibrillary glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance showing lambda-type Bence Jones protein.

PubMed

Nagao, Tomoaki; Okura, Takafumi; Miyoshi, Ken-Ichi; Watanabe, Sanae; Manabe, Seiko; Kurata, Mie; Irita, Jun; Fukuoka, Tomikazu; Higaki, Jitsuo

2005-09-01

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of leg edema due to a nephrotic syndrome. Urinary and serum immunoelectrophoresis showed positive for the lambda type of Bence Jones protein. A bone marrow aspiration test revealed mild plasmacytosis (6.4% of the total cells). These findings confirmed her diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Her renal biopsy specimen revealed mild mesangial cell proliferation and an increase in the mesangial matrix. Immunofluorescence studies showed positive staining for IgG, IgA, C3, and kappa and lambda light chains in the capillary wall and mesangium area. Electron microscopy showed that the electron deposits in the thickened basement membrane were formed by randomly arranged 16- to 18-nm nonbranching fibrils. A Congo red stain for amyloid was negative. These findings corresponded with the diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis. Therefore, this case showed a rare combination of fibrillary glomerulonephritis and MGUS.

Plasma Cell Cheilitis: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of 13 Cases

PubMed Central

Lee, Jin Yong; Kim, Kwang Ho; Hahm, Ji Eun; Ha, Jae Won; Kwon, Won Joo; Kim, Chul Woo

2017-01-01

Background Plasma cell cheilitis is an unusual benign plasma cell proliferative disease of an unknown etiology that typically presents on the lip. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of 13 cases of plasma cell cheilitis. Methods The present study investigated the clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, and outcome of 13 patients diagnosed with plasma cell cheilitis from 2011 to 2016 at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital and Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital. Biopsy specimens of the all cases were evaluated using conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining with kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain immunohistochemistry. Results The age of the patients ranged from 39 to 86 years (mean, 64.7 years), with male predominance. Histopathologically, 61.5% and 38.5% of patients showed band-like and pan dermal plasmacytic infiltrates, respectively. Eosinophilic infiltration was noted in 69.2% of patients. All cases showed both kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain reactivities, and kappa predominance was confirmed in 9 patients (69.2%). A majority of the patients was treated with local therapy, such as intralesional steroid injection with topical tacrolimus. Among the 13 patients, plasma cell cheilitis completely resolved, partially resolved, and recurred in 3 (23.1%), 5 (38.5%), and 5 patients (38.5%), respectively. Conclusion Plasma cell cheilitis presented as erosive edematous circumscribed patches or plaques affecting mainly the lower lip of elderly male patients. The majority of histopathology cases showed characteristic plasma cell aggregation on the upper dermis that was immunopositive for immunoglobulin light chain, with kappa predominance. PMID:28966508

[The H+/e- ratio in the photosynthetic electron transport chain].

PubMed

Ivanov, B N; Shmeleva, V L; Ovchinnikova, V I

1983-06-01

The number of protons adsorbed by tylakoids during one electron passage along the photosynthetic electron transport chain (i.e. the H+/e- ratio) was measured in isolated pea chloroplasts upon continuous illumination. Methylviologen was used as electron acceptor on the reducing side of PS I. It was found that at pH 6.0 upon illumination with red light (lambda greater than 620 nm) at an intensity of 2 . 10(5) erg/cm2 . s ("intensive" light) the H+/e- ratio is equal to 3. Upon illumination of dark-adapted chloroplasts with a "weak" light (900 erg/cm2 . s) the H+/e- ratio is equal to 2. Upon illumination of the chloroplasts with a "weak" after "intensive" light the value of this ratio is close to 3. Azide when added to the reaction mixture may interfere with the accuracy of measurements of the value of the H+/e- ratio by affecting proton exchange. Based on the changes in the H+/e- ratio induced by illumination it was assumed that at saturating intensity of the illuminating light the electron transport chain passes into a so-called "light" state when the mechanisms of proton-electron coupling differing from those of rare electron transfer ("weak" light, flashes) are triggered on. At pH 6.0 the "light" state of the electron transport chain is maintained for some time in the dark.

Optical super-resolution and periodical focusing effects by dielectric microspheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darafsheh, Arash

Optical microscopy is one of the oldest and most important imaging techniques; however, its far-field resolution is diffraction-limited. In this dissertation, we proposed and developed a novel method of optical microscopy with super-resolution by using high-index dielectric microspheres immersed in liquid and placed on the surface of the structures under study. We used barium titanate glass microspheres with diameters of D~2-220 mum and refractive indices n˜1.9-2.1 to discern minimal feature sizes ˜lambda/4 (down to ˜lambda/7) of various photonic and plasmonic nanostructures, where lambda is the illumination wavelength. We studied the magnification, field of view, and resolving power, in detail, as a function of sphere sizes. We studied optical coupling, transport, focusing, and polarization properties of linear arrays of dielectric spheres. We showed that in arrays of spheres with refractive index n=3, a special type of rays with transverse magnetic (TM) polarization incident on the spheres under the Brewster's angle form periodically focused modes with radial polarization and 2D period, where D is the diameter of the spheres. We showed that the formation of periodically focused modes in arrays of dielectric spheres gives a physical explanation for beam focusing and extraordinarily small attenuation of light in such chains. We showed that the light propagation in such arrays is strongly polarization-dependent, indicating that such arrays can be used as filters of beams with radial polarization. The effect of forming progressively smaller focused beams was experimentally observed in chains of sapphire spheres in agreement with the theory. We studied optical coupling,transport, focusing, and polarization properties of linear arrays of dielectric spheres. We showed that in arrays of spheres with refractive index n=a3, a special type of rays with transverse magnetic (TM) polarization incident on the spheres under the Brewster's angle form periodically focused modes with radial polarization and 2D period, where D is the diameter of the spheres. We showed that the formation of periodically focused modes in arrays of dielectric spheres gives a physical explanation for beam focusing and extraordinarily small attenuation of light in such chains. We showed that the light propagation in such arrays is strongly polarization-dependent, indicating that such arrays can be used as filters of beams with radial polarization. The effect of forming progressively smaller focused beams was experimentally observed in chains of sapphire spheres in agreement with the theory.

Oligoclonal Pattern/Abnormal Protein Bands in Post-Treatment Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients: Implications for Protein Electrophoresis and Serum Free Light Chain Assay Results.

PubMed

Singh, Gurmukh

2017-08-01

The impact of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in plasma cell myeloma patients on the frequency, quality, and timing of oligoclonal pattern in serum protein electrophoresis/immunofixation electrophoresis (SPEP/SIFE) and serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) was evaluated. Laboratory results and clinical data for 251 patients with plasma cell myeloma, who had SPEP/SIFE and/or SFLCA performed between January 2010 and December 2016 were reviewed. The results for SPEP/SIFE and SFLCA were compared in patients with ASCT to those without ASCT. The implications of oligoclonal pattern in interpretation of SPEP/SIFE and SFLCA - κ/λ ratio were addressed. In 251 patients, a total of 3,134 observations, of either SPEP/SIFE and/or SFLCA, were reviewed. One hundred fifty-nine patients received ASCT. The incidence of oligoclonal patterns was significantly higher after ASCT. More than half of the oligoclonal patterns developed in the first year after transplantation. In 13 of the 84 patients with lambda chain restricted plasma cell myeloma, the κ/λ ratio was kappa dominant in the presence of oligoclonal pattern. There was no reversal of κ/λ ratio in patients with kappa chain restricted plasma cell myelomas. ASCT is associated with significantly higher incidence of oligoclonal patterns than with chemotherapy alone. The presence of oligoclonal patterns has the potential to interfere with the interpretation of SPEP/SIFE and ascertainment of complete remission. At a minimum, the oligoclonal pattern caused an incorrect kappa dominant κ/λ ratio in 15.5% of patients with lambda chain restricted plasma cell myeloma. If a similar rate were to be applied to the 167 kappa chain myeloma patients, about 26 of these would have displayed an erroneous kappa chain dominant κ/λ ratio. The presence of oligoclonal pattern further degrades the performance of already dubious SFLCA. The need for recording the location of monoclonal spike in SPEP/SIFE and higher resolution protein electrophoresis methods are highlighted.

{lambda}{sub b}{yields}p, {lambda} transition form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Yuming; Lue Caidian; Shen Yuelong

2009-10-01

Light-cone sum rules for the {lambda}{sub b}{yields}p, {lambda} transition form factors are derived from the correlation functions expanded by the twist of the distribution amplitudes of the {lambda}{sub b} baryon. In terms of the {lambda}{sub b} three-quark distribution amplitude models constrained by the QCD theory, we calculate the form factors at small momentum transfers and compare the results with those estimated in the conventional light-cone sum rules (LCSR) and perturbative QCD approaches. Our results indicate that the two different versions of sum rules can lead to the consistent numbers of form factors responsible for {lambda}{sub b}{yields}p transition. The {lambda}{sub b}{yields}{lambda}more » transition form factors from LCSR with the asymptotic {lambda} baryon distribution amplitudes are found to be almost 1 order larger than those obtained in the {lambda}{sub b}-baryon LCSR, implying that the preasymptotic corrections to the baryonic distribution amplitudes are of great importance. Moreover, the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects between the form factors f{sub 1}{sup {lambda}{sub b}}{sup {yields}}{sup p} and f{sub 1}{sup {lambda}{sub b}}{sup {yields}}{sup {lambda}} are computed as 28{sub -8}{sup +14}% in the framework of {lambda}{sub b}-baryon LCSR.« less

Primary CNS Nonamyloidogenic Light Chain Deposition Disease: Case Report and Brief Review.

PubMed

Mercado, Juan Jose; Markert, James M; Meador, William; Chapman, Philip; Perry, Arie; Hackney, James R

2017-12-01

The true incidence of light chain deposition disease (LCDD) restricted to the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. To our knowledge only 7 cases of LCDD restricted to the brain have been previously reported. We herein describe an unusual example. A 44-year-old man presented with a history of ischemic retinopathy in 2004 and left lower extremity hypoesthesia in 2007 that progressed gradually to left-sided weakness and numbness in the 2 years prior to his hospitalization in 2015. A stereotactic brain biopsy was performed, displaying nonspecific hyaline deposits of amorphous "amyloid-like" material involving deep brain white matter and vessels. These were Congo red negative and were accompanied by a sparse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Plasma cells demonstrated kappa light chain class restriction by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). There was patchy reactivity with kappa immunohistochemistry in the amorphous deposits. A diagnosis of light chain deposition disease was made. Subsequent systemic myeloma and lymphoma workups were negative. Previously reported cases have included men and women, spanning the ages of 19 and 72 years, often presenting with hemiparesis, hypoesthesia, or seizures. Deposits have been reported in the cerebrum and cerebellum. T2/FLAIR (fluid attenuation inversion recovery) changes are usual, but lesions may or may not produce contrast enhancement. The light chain deposition may be of kappa or lambda class. Most lesions have been accompanied by local lymphoid and/or plasma cell infiltrates exhibiting light chain restriction of the same class as the deposits. In summary, LCDD limited to the CNS is a rare lesion consisting of deposition of amyloid-like, but Congo red-negative monotypic light chain usually produced by local lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent inhibitor of the growth of light chain-secreting human multiple myeloma cells.

PubMed

Li, Min; Cortez, Shirley; Nakamachi, Tomoya; Batuman, Vecihi; Arimura, Akira

2006-09-01

Multiple myeloma represents a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which often overproduces immunoglobulin light chains. We have shown previously that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) markedly suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines from light chain-stimulated human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and prevents the resulting tubule cell injury. In this study, we have shown that PACAP suppresses the proliferation of human kappa and lambda light chain-secreting multiple myeloma-derived cells. The addition of PACAP suppressed light chain-producing myeloma cell-stimulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion by the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). A specific antagonist to either the human PACAP-specific receptor or the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor attenuated the suppressive effect of PACAP on IL-6 production in the adhesion of human multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs. The secretion of IL-6 by BMSCs was completely inhibited by 10(-9) mol/L PACAP, which also attenuated the phosphorylation of both p42/44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in response to the adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs, whereas the inhibition of p42/44 MAPK signaling attenuated PACAP action. The signaling cascades involved in the inhibitory effect of PACAP on IL-6-mediated paracrine stimulation of light chain-secreting myeloma cell growth was mediated through the suppression of p38 MAPK as well as modulation of activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. These findings suggest that PACAP may be a new antitumor agent that directly suppresses light chain-secreting myeloma cell growth and indirectly affects tumor cell growth by modifying the bone marrow milieu of the multiple myeloma.

Prognostic Value of Serum Free Light Chain in Multiple Myeloma.

PubMed

El Naggar, Amel A; El-Naggar, Mostafa; Mokhamer, El-Hassan; Avad, Mona W

2015-01-01

The measurement of serum free light chain (sFLC) has been shown to be valuable in screening for the presence of plasma cell dyscrasia as well as for baseline prognosis in newly diagnosed patients. The aim of the present work was to study the prognostic value of sFLC in multiple myeloma in relation to other serum biomarkers, response to therapy and survival. Forty five newly diagnosed patients with MM were included in the study. Patients were divided into responders and non-responders groups according to response to therapy. sFLC and serum Amyloid A (SAA) were measured by immunonephelometry. The non-responders group showed a statistically significant higher kappa/lambda or lambda/kappa ratio and higher β2 microglobulin level, but lower albumin level at presentation, as compared to the responders group (P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding SA A or calcium levels. Comparison between sFLC ratio obtained before and after therapy revealed significant decrease after treatment in the responders group (P = 0.05). Survival was significantly inferior in patients with an FLC ratio of ≥ 2.6 or ≤ 0.56 compared with those with an FLC ratio that was between 0.56 and 2.6 (P = 0.002).

Assessment of renal response with urinary exosomes in patients with AL amyloidosis: A proof of concept.

PubMed

Ramirez-Alvarado, Marina; Barnidge, David R; Murray, David L; Dispenzieri, Angela; Marin-Argany, Marta; Dick, Christopher J; Cooper, Shawna A; Nasr, Samih H; Ward, Christopher J; Dasari, Surendra; Jiménez-Zepeda, Víctor H; Leung, Nelson

2017-06-01

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a fatal complication of B-cell proliferation secondary to deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs. Urinary exosomes (UEX) are the smallest of the microvesicles excreted in the urine. Previously, we found UEX of patients with AL amyloidosis contained immunoglobulin light chain (LC) oligomers that patients with multiple myeloma did not have. To further explore the role of the LC oligomers, UEX was isolated from an AL amyloidosis patient with progressive renal disease despite achieving a complete response. LC oligomers were identified. Mass spectrometry (MS) of the UEX and serum identified two monoclonal lambda LCs. Proteomics of the trypsin digested amyloid fragments in the kidney by laser microdissection and MS analysis identified a λ6 LC. The cDNA from plasma cell clone was from the IGLV- 6-57 family and it matched the amino acid sequences of the amyloid peptides. The predicted mass of the peptide product of the cDNA matched the mass of one of the two LCs identified in the UEX and serum. UEX combined with MS were able to identify 2 monoclonal lambda LCs that current clinical methods could not. It also identified the amyloidogenic LC which holds potential for response assessment in the future. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Membranous nephropathy (bubbling appearance and spike formation) without immunoglobulin deposition in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed

Miura, Naoto; Mori, Yuki; Yoshino, Masabumi; Suga, Norihiro; Kitagawa, Wataru; Yamada, Harutaka; Nishikawa, Kazuhiro; Imai, Hirokazu

2008-12-01

A 53-year-old Japanese man with systemic lupus erythematosus developed proteinuria and hematuria after a urinary stone episode. A light microscopic study of a kidney biopsy specimen demonstrated a bubbling appearance and spike formation of the basement membrane. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that there were no significant depositions of immunoglobulins, such as IgG (-), IgA (-), IgM (+/-), kappa light chain (+/-), lambda light chain (+/-), or C3 (-) in the glomerular capillary wall, though C1q was present as one-plus positive staining in mesangial areas. Electron microscopic studies showed that the thickness of the basement membrane varied from thin to thick without electron dense deposits, and that the cellular components of the podocyte were irregularly present in the basement membrane. Urinary protein decreased after the usage of prednisolone and mizoribine; however, proteinuria aggravated after an episode of urinary stone during the same treatment.

Plasma markers of B-cell activation and clonality in pediatric liver and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

PubMed Central

Engels, Eric A.; Savoldo, Barbara; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Costello, Rene; Zingone, Adriana; Heslop, Helen E.; Landgren, Ola

2012-01-01

Introduction Transplant recipients are at risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Methods: Thirty-six pediatric transplant recipients were evaluated (18 hematopoietic stem cell and 18 liver recipients; 12 had PTLD). We studied 207 longitudinal plasma samples from these recipients for three markers of B-cell activation or clonality: immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs), soluble CD30 (sCD30), and monoclonal immunoglobulins (M-proteins). Results Kappa FLCs, lambda FLCs, and sCD30 were elevated in 20.8%, 28.0%, and 94.2% of plasma specimens, respectively. FLC and sCD30 levels increased significantly 1.18–1.82 fold per log10 Epstein Barr virus (EBV) load in peripheral blood. Five PTLD cases manifested elevated FLCs with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio, suggesting monoclonal FLC production. M-proteins were present in 91% of PTLD cases, vs. 50–67% of other recipients with high or low EBV loads (p=0.13). Concordance of FLCs, M-proteins, and PTLD tumor light chain restriction was imperfect. For example, one PTLD case with an IgG lambda M-protein had a tumor that was kappa restricted, and another case with an M-protein had a T-cell PTLD. In an additional case, an IgM kappa M-protein and excess kappa FLCs were both detected in plasma at PTLD diagnosis; while the tumor was not restricted at diagnosis, kappa restriction was present 5 years later when the PTLD relapsed. Discussion Plasma markers of B-cell dysfunction are frequent following transplantation and associated with poor EBV control. These abnormal markers may be produced by oligoclonal B-cell populations or PTLD tumor cells, and could potentially help identify recipients at high risk of PTLD. PMID:23222884

A molecular model for cocaine binding by the immunotherapeutic human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody 2E2.

PubMed

Lape, Michael; Paula, Stefan; Ball, William J

2010-06-01

Immunotherapy by cocaine-binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. The human (gamma1 heavy chain)/murine (lambda light chain) chimeric mAb 2E2 has excellent affinity and specificity for cocaine and recent animal studies have demonstrated 2E2's ability in vivo to reduce cocaine levels in the brain as well as alter cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. In this study, we used mAb 2E2 amino acid sequence information to create a homology model for the 3-D structure of its Fv fragment. Subsequent computational docking studies revealed the intermolecular interactions potentially responsible for mAb 2E2's cocaine binding properties. The driving force of cocaine binding was identified as a combination of hydrophobic interactions and a single hydrogen bond between a light chain tyrosine residue and a carbonyl oxygen atom of cocaine. The model also allowed for an in silico evaluation of single/double residue mutations in the heavy and light chain variable regions that might further enhance mAb 2E2's cocaine binding properties. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Tacrolimus has immunosuppressive effects on heavy/light chain pairs and free light chains in patients after heart transplantation: A relationship with infection.

PubMed

Lavríková, Petra; Sečník, Peter; Kubíček, Zdenek; Jabor, Antonín; Hošková, Lenka; Franeková, Janka

2018-06-15

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between tacrolimus (TAC) immunosuppressive treatment and serum concentrations of immunoglobulin heavy/light chain pairs (sHLC) and free light chains (sFLC) in patients after heart transplantation (HTX) and to use these biomarkers to predict the risk of infection in these patients. A total of 88 patients with an immunosuppressive regimen involving tacrolimus who underwent HTX were analyzed over 24 months of follow-up. sFLC and sHLC levels were determined before and at three time points after HTX. TAC concentrations were determined at several time points after HTX, and mean TAC concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs) of TAC concentration were calculated. Relevant clinical data were obtained from patients' medical records. A larger AUC of TAC was associated with decreases in the concentrations of IgG total (p < 0.05); similarly, cumulative AUC of TAC during 18 post-transplant months correlated inversely with sHLC IgG kappa (r = -0.228, p < 0.05) and IgG total (r = -0.352, p < 0.05). Concentrations of sFLC kappa, sFLC lambda, sHLC IgG kappa, and sHLC IgG total were significantly lower in infected patients (in the 9th month after HTX, all p < 0.05). Combined criteria for increased AUC (greater than the median of 12.9 mg·d/l) and decreased sFLC kappa (less than the median of 12.5 mg/l) correlated with the presence of infection (p < 0.03) in the 9th month after HTX. Ratio of concentration of TAC to sFLC kappa or lambda was significantly higher in infected patients (both p < 0.05). Intensive treatment with tacrolimus after HTX is possibly reflected by decreases in sFLC and sHLC (mainly sHLC IgG). Patients with decreased concentrations of these biomarkers are at increased risk for infection, primarily in the 9th month after HTX, when the concentrations of tacrolimus were the highest. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diffraction-Based Optical Switch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sperno, Stevan M. (Inventor); Fuhr, Peter L. (Inventor); Schipper, John F. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

Method and system for controllably redirecting a light beam, having a central wavelength lambda, from a first light-receiving site to a second light-receiving site. A diffraction grating is attached to or part of a piezoelectric substrate, which is connected to one or two controllable voltage difference sources. When a substrate voltage difference is changed and the diffraction grating length in each of one or two directions is thereby changed, at least one of the diffraction angle, the diffraction order and the central wavelength is controllably changed. A diffracted light beam component, having a given wavelength, diffraction angle and diffraction order, that is initially received at a first light receiving site (e.g., a detector or optical fiber) is thereby controllably shifted or altered and can be received at a second light receiving site. A polynomially stepped, chirped grating is used in one embodiment. In another embodiment, an incident light beam, having at least one of first and second wavelengths, lambda1 and lambda2, is received and diffracted at a first diffraction grating to provide a first diffracted beam. The first diffracted beam is received and diffracted at a second diffraction grating to produce a second diffracted beam. The second diffracted beam is received at a light-sensitive transducer, having at least first and second spaced apart light detector elements that are positioned so that, when the incident light beam has wavelength lambda1 or lambda2 (lambda1 not equal to lambda2), the second diffracted beam is received at the first element or at the second element, respectively; change in a selected physical parameter at the second grating can also be sensed or measured. A sequence of spaced apart light detector elements can be positioned along a linear or curvilinear segment with equal or unequal spacing.

Antibody Light-Chain-Restricted Recognition of the Site of Immune Pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial Is Phylogenetically Conserved

DOE PAGES

Wiehe, Kevin; Easterhoff, David; Luo, Kan; ...

2014-11-29

In HIV-1, the ability to mount antibody responses to conserved, neutralizing epitopes is critical for protection. Here we have studied the light chain usage of human and rhesus macaque antibodies targeted to a dominant region of the HIV-1 envelope second variable (V2) region involving lysine (K) 169, the site of immune pressure in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. We found that humans and rhesus macaques used orthologous lambda variable gene segments encoding a glutamic acid-aspartic acid (ED) motif for K169 recognition. Structure determination of an unmutated ancestor antibody demonstrated that the V2 binding site was preconfigured for ED motif-mediated recognitionmore » prior to maturation. Thus, light chain usage for recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 trial is highly conserved across species. In conclusion, these data indicate that the HIV-1 K169-recognizing ED motif has persisted over the diversification between rhesus macaques and humans, suggesting an evolutionary advantage of this antibody recognition mode.« less

Antibody Light-Chain-Restricted Recognition of the Site of Immune Pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial Is Phylogenetically Conserved

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiehe, Kevin; Easterhoff, David; Luo, Kan

In HIV-1, the ability to mount antibody responses to conserved, neutralizing epitopes is critical for protection. Here we have studied the light chain usage of human and rhesus macaque antibodies targeted to a dominant region of the HIV-1 envelope second variable (V2) region involving lysine (K) 169, the site of immune pressure in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. We found that humans and rhesus macaques used orthologous lambda variable gene segments encoding a glutamic acid-aspartic acid (ED) motif for K169 recognition. Structure determination of an unmutated ancestor antibody demonstrated that the V2 binding site was preconfigured for ED motif-mediated recognitionmore » prior to maturation. Thus, light chain usage for recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 trial is highly conserved across species. In conclusion, these data indicate that the HIV-1 K169-recognizing ED motif has persisted over the diversification between rhesus macaques and humans, suggesting an evolutionary advantage of this antibody recognition mode.« less

[Histopathological diagnosis of amyloidosis].

PubMed

Hoshii, Yoshinobu

2006-05-01

For the diagnosis of amyloidosis, histological evidence of amyloid deposition is essential. Histologically, an amyloid deposit is stained orange red with Congo red and shows green birefringence under polarized light. When amyloidosis is clinically suspected, endoscopic biopsy of the stomach, duodenum or colon, or aspiration biopsy of abdominal fat is usually performed. If clinicians suspect amyloidosis, they should advise pathologists. Identification of the chemical type of amyloid is necessary with respect to treatment and prognosis. Immunohistochemical examination of amyloid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections is simple to perform in most pathological laboratories. In Japan, almost all cases of systemic amyloidosis are classified as AL, AA, ATTR or Abeta2M amyloidosis, so the use of anti-immunoglobulin light chain, anti-amyloid A, anti-transthyretin and anti-beta2 microglobulin antibody is recommended for the classification of systemic amyloidosis. Formic acid pretreatment, which is often used for immunohistochemical detection of amyloidosis, is useful and easy for antigen retrieval. Amyloid deposits of AL amyloidosis are sometimes not immunostained well with commercial anti-immunoglobulin light chain antibody. Previously, we generated polyclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides corresponding to positions 118-134 of immunoglobulin lambda light chain and positions 116-133 of immunoglobulin kappa light chain. These antibodies are very useful for detecting AL amyloidosis because they react with amyloid deposits on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens in almost all AL amyloidosis cases. Exact diagnosis and typing of amyloidosis are necessary for therapy.

Analyses of chicken immunoglobulin light chain cDNA clones indicate a few germline V lambda genes and allotypes of the C lambda locus.

PubMed

Parvari, R; Ziv, E; Lentner, F; Tel-Or, S; Burstein, Y; Schechter, I

1987-01-01

cDNA libraries of chicken spleen and Harder gland (a gland enriched with immunocytes) constructed in pBR322 were screened by differential hybridization and by mRNA hybrid-selected translation. Eleven L-chain cDNA clones were identified from which VL probes were prepared and each was annealed with kidney DNA restriction digests. All VL probes revealed the same set of bands, corresponding to about 15 germline VL genes of one subgroup. The nucleotide sequences of six VL clones showed greater than or equal to 85% homology, and the predicted amino acid sequences were identical or nearly identical to the major N-terminal sequence of L-chains in chicken serum. These findings, and the fact that the VL clones were randomly selected from normal lymphoid tissues, strongly indicate that the bulk of chicken L-chains is encoded by a few germline VL genes, probably much less than 15 since many of the VL genes are known to be pseudogenes. Therefore, it is likely that somatic mechanisms operating prior to specific triggering by antigen play a major role in the generation of antibody diversity in chicken. Analysis of the constant region locus (sequencing of CL gene and cDNAs) demonstrate a single CL isotype and suggest the presence of CL allotypes.

Stability engineering of anti-EGFR scFv antibodies by rational design of a lambda-to-kappa swap of the VL framework using a structure-guided approach.

PubMed

Lehmann, Andreas; Wixted, Josephine H F; Shapovalov, Maxim V; Roder, Heinrich; Dunbrack, Roland L; Robinson, Matthew K

2015-01-01

Phage-display technology facilitates rapid selection of antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from large recombinant libraries. ScFv antibodies, composed of a VH and VL domain, are readily engineered into multimeric formats for the development of diagnostics and targeted therapies. However, the recombinant nature of the selection strategy can result in VH and VL domains with sub-optimal biophysical properties, such as reduced thermodynamic stability and enhanced aggregation propensity, which lead to poor production and limited application. We found that the C10 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) scFv, and its affinity mutant, P2224, exhibit weak production from E. coli. Interestingly, these scFv contain a fusion of lambda3 and lambda1 V-region (LV3 and LV1) genes, most likely the result of a PCR aberration during library construction. To enhance the biophysical properties of these scFvs, we utilized a structure-based approach to replace and redesign the pre-existing framework of the VL domain to one that best pairs with the existing VH. We describe a method to exchange lambda sequences with a more stable kappa3 framework (KV3) within the VL domain that incorporates the original lambda DE-loop. The resulting scFvs, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE, are more thermodynamically stable and easier to produce from bacterial culture. Additionally, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE retain binding affinity to EGFR, suggesting that such a dramatic framework swap does not significantly affect scFv binding. We provide here a novel strategy for redesigning the light chain of problematic scFvs to enhance their stability and therapeutic applicability.

Prognostic value of the serum free light chain ratio in newly diagnosed myeloma: proposed incorporation into the international staging system.

PubMed

Snozek, C L H; Katzmann, J A; Kyle, R A; Dispenzieri, A; Larson, D R; Therneau, T M; Melton, L J; Kumar, S; Greipp, P R; Clark, R J; Rajkumar, S V

2008-10-01

To determine if the serum free light chain (FLC) ratio has prognostic value in patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM), baseline serum samples from a well-characterized cohort of 790 newly diagnosed MM patients were tested with the FLC assay. FLC ratio was calculated as kappa/lambda (reference range 0.26-1.65). On the basis of the distribution of values, a cutpoint kappa/lambda FLC ratio of <0.03 or >32 was chosen for further analysis. Overall survival was significantly inferior in patients with an abnormal FLC ratio of <0.03 or >32 (n=479) compared with those with an FLC ratio between 0.03 and 32 (n=311), with median survival of 30 versus 39 months, respectively. We incorporated abnormal FLC ratio with the International Staging System (ISS) risk factors (that is, albumin <3.5 g/dl and serum beta(2)-microglobulin >or=3.5 g/l), to create a risk stratification model with improved prognostic capabilities. Patients with 0, 1, 2 or 3 adverse risk factors had significantly different overall survival, with median survival times of 51, 39, 30 and 22 months, respectively (P<0.001). These findings suggest that the serum FLC ratio at initial diagnosis is an important predictor of prognosis in myeloma, and can be incorporated into the ISS for improved risk stratification.

Oligoclonal Pattern/Abnormal Protein Bands in Post-Treatment Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients: Implications for Protein Electrophoresis and Serum Free Light Chain Assay Results

PubMed Central

Singh, Gurmukh

2017-01-01

Background The impact of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in plasma cell myeloma patients on the frequency, quality, and timing of oligoclonal pattern in serum protein electrophoresis/immunofixation electrophoresis (SPEP/SIFE) and serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) was evaluated. Methods Laboratory results and clinical data for 251 patients with plasma cell myeloma, who had SPEP/SIFE and/or SFLCA performed between January 2010 and December 2016 were reviewed. The results for SPEP/SIFE and SFLCA were compared in patients with ASCT to those without ASCT. The implications of oligoclonal pattern in interpretation of SPEP/SIFE and SFLCA - κ/λ ratio were addressed. Results In 251 patients, a total of 3,134 observations, of either SPEP/SIFE and/or SFLCA, were reviewed. One hundred fifty-nine patients received ASCT. The incidence of oligoclonal patterns was significantly higher after ASCT. More than half of the oligoclonal patterns developed in the first year after transplantation. In 13 of the 84 patients with lambda chain restricted plasma cell myeloma, the κ/λ ratio was kappa dominant in the presence of oligoclonal pattern. There was no reversal of κ/λ ratio in patients with kappa chain restricted plasma cell myelomas. Conclusions ASCT is associated with significantly higher incidence of oligoclonal patterns than with chemotherapy alone. The presence of oligoclonal patterns has the potential to interfere with the interpretation of SPEP/SIFE and ascertainment of complete remission. At a minimum, the oligoclonal pattern caused an incorrect kappa dominant κ/λ ratio in 15.5% of patients with lambda chain restricted plasma cell myeloma. If a similar rate were to be applied to the 167 kappa chain myeloma patients, about 26 of these would have displayed an erroneous kappa chain dominant κ/λ ratio. The presence of oligoclonal pattern further degrades the performance of already dubious SFLCA. The need for recording the location of monoclonal spike in SPEP/SIFE and higher resolution protein electrophoresis methods are highlighted. PMID:28725315

Hematopoiesis In The Equine Fetal Liver Suggests Immune Preparedness

PubMed Central

Battista, JM; Tallmadge, RL; Stokol, T; Felippe, MJB

2014-01-01

We investigated how the equine fetus prepares its pre-immune humoral repertoire for an imminent exposure to pathogens in the neonatal period, particularly how the primary hematopoietic organs are equipped to support B cell hematopoiesis and immunoglobulin (Ig) diversity. We demonstrated that the liver and the bone marrow at approximately 100 days of gestation (DG) are active sites of hematopoiesis based on the expression of signature mRNA (c-KIT, CD34, IL7R, CXCL12, IRF8, PU.1, PAX5, NOTCH1, GATA1, CEBPA) and protein markers (CD34, CD19, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11b, CD172A) of hematopoietic development and leukocyte differentiation molecules, respectively. To verify Ig diversity achieved during the production of B cells, V(D)J segments were sequenced in primary lymphoid organs of the equine fetus and adult horse, revealing that similar heavy chain VDJ segments and CDR3 lengths were most frequently used independent of life stage. In contrast, different lambda light chain segments were predominant in equine fetal compared to adult stage and, surprisingly, the fetus had less restricted use of variable gene segments to construct the lambda chain. Fetal Igs also contained elements of sequence diversity, albeit to a smaller degree than that of the adult horse. Our data suggest that the B cells produced in the liver and bone marrow of the equine fetus generate a wide repertoire of pre-immune Igs for protection, and the more diverse use of different lambda variable gene segments in fetal life may provide the neonate an opportunity to respond to a wider range of antigens at birth. PMID:25179685

Validation of serum free light chain reference ranges in primary care.

PubMed

Galvani, Luca; Flanagan, Jane; Sargazi, Mansour; Neithercut, William D

2016-05-01

The demand for measurement of serum immunoglobulin free kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) light chains has increased. The κ:λ ratio is used to assist in diagnosis/monitoring of plasma cell disorders. The binding site reference range for serum-free light chain κ:λ ratios of 0.26-1.65 was derived from healthy volunteers. Subsequently, a reference range of 0.37-3.1 for patients with chronic kidney disease has been proposed. Elevated free light chain concentrations and borderline raised free light chain ratios also may be found in polyclonal gammopathies and with other non-renal illnesses. This assessment was conducted to validate the established free light chain reference ranges in individuals from primary care. A total of 130 samples were identified from routine blood samples collected in primary care for routine biochemistry testing and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation. The median and range of κ:λ ratios found in each estimated glomerular filtration rate group used for chronic kidney disease classification were higher than previously described. This was the case for individuals with normal or essentially normal renal function with estimated glomerular filtration rates>90, (0.58-1.76) and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m(2), (0.71-1.93). Individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15-30, (0.72-4.50) and estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (0.71-4.95) also had higher values when compared to the current renal reference range of 0.37-3.10. Elevation of free light chain-κ:λ ratios may occur in the absence of a reduced renal function shown by a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate and in the presence of reduced renal function by estimated glomerular filtration rate when comparing results with the established reference ranges. Explanations include choice of analytical systems or the presence of other concurrent non-plasma cell illness. © The Author(s) 2016.

On the inscription of period and half-period surface relief gratings in azobenzene-functionalized polymers.

PubMed

Sobolewska, Anna; Miniewicz, Andrzej

2008-04-17

Laser-light-induced surface relief grating inscription was carried out in the newly synthesized azobenzene-functionalized poly(amide-imide)s having the same main- and side-chain structures but different substituents in the azobenzene groups. The gratings were inscribed employing the two-wave mixing technique with linearly polarized laser beams. Three different polarization configurations were used: s-s, p-p, and s-p. The relatively deep surface relief gratings of period Lambda were formed for the case of s-s and p-p polarizations, whereas the s-p inscription resulted in the half-period grating (Lambda/2) with the weak surface modulation. The origin of the formation of Lambda/2 structure for s-p configuration results from the interference between zeroth- and first-order beams scattered on the polarization refractive index grating and having the same polarization. On the basis of this idea, we presented the simple kinetic model predicting and modeling the half-period grating formation with its temporal evolution. The proposed model is consistent with the experimental findings.

Successful treatment of nephrotic syndrome induced by lambda light chain deposition disease using lenalidomide: A case report and review of the literature
.

PubMed

Mima, Akira; Nagahara, Dai; Tansho, Kosuke

2018-06-01

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) that is characterized by the deposition of monoclonal light chains in multiple organs, including the kidney. It is a rare disorder caused by an underlying monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia. LCDD with renal involvement causes proteinuria, which sometimes can lead to nephrotic syndrome. The monoclonal light chains are mostly in the κ form. Treatment of LCDD is the same as that for multiple myeloma (MM); however, some conventional anticancer drugs show substantial toxicity and therefore cannot be administered to older patients or those with renal impairment. An 80-year-old woman was referred to our department with severe nephrotic syndrome (13.6 g/gCr) and anemia. A renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion, and immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for λ chains along the glomerular basement membrane, but was negative for κ chains or amyloid deposition. A bone marrow biopsy revealed 64% plasma cells. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-λ type M protein was detected, and the levels of free λ chain was significantly increased. We concluded that her nephrotic syndrome was caused by LCDD, which resulted from IgG-λ MM. The induction of a BCD (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone) treatment regimen did not lead to a hematological response or decrease in proteinuria. The administration of combination therapy of lenalidomide and prednisolone led to the successful reduction of proteinuria and hematuria. We presented a very rare case report describing the successful treatment of LCDD (λ chain)-induced nephrotic syndrome with lenalidomide.
.

High Inter-Individual Diversity of Point Mutations, Insertions, and Deletions in Human Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein-Specific Memory B Cells

PubMed Central

Bussmann, Bianca M.; Horn, Susanne; Sieg, Michael; Jassoy, Christian

2015-01-01

The diversity of virus-specific antibodies and of B cells among different individuals is unknown. Using single-cell cloning of antibody genes, we generated recombinant human monoclonal antibodies from influenza nucleoprotein-specific memory B cells in four adult humans with and without preceding influenza vaccination. We examined the diversity of the antibody repertoires and found that NP-specific B cells used numerous immunoglobulin genes. The heavy chains (HCs) originated from 26 and the kappa light chains (LCs) from 19 different germ line genes. Matching HC and LC chains gave rise to 43 genetically distinct antibodies that bound influenza NP. The median lengths of the CDR3 of the HC, kappa and lambda LC were 14, 9 and 11 amino acids, respectively. We identified changes at 13.6% of the amino acid positions in the V gene of the antibody heavy chain, at 8.4 % in the kappa and at 10.6 % in the lambda V gene. We identified somatic insertions or deletions in 8.1% of the variable genes. We also found several small groups of clonal relatives that were highly diversified. Our findings demonstrate broadly diverse memory B cell repertoires for the influenza nucleoprotein. We found extensive variation within individuals with a high number of point mutations, insertions, and deletions, and extensive clonal diversification. Thus, structurally conserved proteins can elicit broadly diverse and highly mutated B-cell responses. PMID:26086076

Human Anti-V3 HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Encoded by the VH5-51/VL Lambda Genes Define a Conserved Antigenic Structure

PubMed Central

Gorny, Miroslaw K.; Sampson, Jared; Li, Huiguang; Jiang, Xunqing; Totrov, Maxim; Wang, Xiao-Hong; Williams, Constance; O'Neal, Timothy; Volsky, Barbara; Li, Liuzhe; Cardozo, Timothy; Nyambi, Phillipe; Zolla-Pazner, Susan; Kong, Xiang-Peng

2011-01-01

Preferential usage of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes that encode antibodies (Abs) against various pathogens is rarely observed and the nature of their dominance is unclear in the context of stochastic recombination of Ig genes. The hypothesis that restricted usage of Ig genes predetermines the antibody specificity was tested in this study of 18 human anti-V3 monoclonal Abs (mAbs) generated from unrelated individuals infected with various subtypes of HIV-1, all of which preferentially used pairing of the VH5-51 and VL lambda genes. Crystallographic analysis of five VH5-51/VL lambda-encoded Fabs complexed with various V3 peptides revealed a common three dimensional (3D) shape of the antigen-binding sites primarily determined by the four complementarity determining regions (CDR) for the heavy (H) and light (L) chains: specifically, the H1, H2, L1 and L2 domains. The CDR H3 domain did not contribute to the shape of the binding pocket, as it had different lengths, sequences and conformations for each mAb. The same shape of the binding site was further confirmed by the identical backbone conformation exhibited by V3 peptides in complex with Fabs which fully adapted to the binding pocket and the same key contact residues, mainly germline-encoded in the heavy and light chains of five Fabs. Finally, the VH5-51 anti-V3 mAbs recognized an epitope with an identical 3D structure which is mimicked by a single mimotope recognized by the majority of VH5-51-derived mAbs but not by other V3 mAbs. These data suggest that the identification of preferentially used Ig genes by neutralizing mAbs may define conserved epitopes in the diverse virus envelopes. This will be useful information for designing vaccine immunogen inducing cross-neutralizing Abs. PMID:22164215

Covalent Binding Antibodies Suppress Advanced Glycation: On the Innate Tier of Adaptive Immunity

PubMed Central

Shcheglova, T.; Makker, S. P.

2009-01-01

Non-enzymatic protein glycation is a source of metabolic stress that contributes to cytotoxicity and tissue damage. Hyperglycemia has been linked to elevation of advanced glycation endproducts, which mediate much of the vascular pathology leading to diabetic complications. Enhanced glycation of immunoglobulins and their accelerated vascular clearance is proposed as a natural mechanism to intercept alternative advanced glycation endproducts, thereby mitigating microvascular disease. We reported that antibodies against the glycoprotein KLH have elevated reactivity for glycopeptides from diabetic serum. These reactions are mediated by covalent binding between antibody light chains and carbonyl groups of glycated peptides. Diabetic animals that were immunized to induce reactive antibodies had attenuated diabetic nephropathy, which correlated with reduced levels of circulating and kidney-bound glycation products. Molecular analysis of antibody glycation revealed the preferential modification of light chains bearing germline-encoded lambda V regions. We previously noted that antibody fragments carrying V regions in the germline configuration are selected from a human Fv library by covalent binding to a reactive organophosphorus ester. These Fv fragments were specifically modified at light chain V region residues, which map to the combining site at the interface between light and heavy chains. These findings suggest that covalent binding is an innate property of antibodies, which may be encoded in the genome for specific physiological purposes. This hypothesis is discussed in context with current knowledge of the natural antibodies that recognize altered self molecules and the catalytic autoantibodies found in autoimmune disease. PMID:22649604

[Verification of a decrease in the rigidity of the phage lambda DNA polymeric chain in low ionic strength aqueous solutions by testing the polymer-polymer interlink interactions].

PubMed

Arutiunian, A V; Ivanova, M A; Kurliand, D I; Kapshin, Iu S; Landa, S B; Poshekhonov, S T; Drobchenko, E A; Shevelev, I V

2011-01-01

Changes in the rigidity of the polymetric chain of phage lambda double-strand DNA have been studied by laser correlation spectroscopy. It was shown that, as the ionic strength increases, the effect of the screening of the hydrodynamic interaction of the links of the polymeric chain specific for polymeric coils arises in a DNA solution. It is assumed that the screening occurs when the threshold of the overlapping of DNA coils is achieved. The overlapping of coils is the result of a previously observed significant rise of DNA coil size from abnormally small DNA coils in low ionic strength buffers (about 10(-2) M Na+ or less) to maximum possible large coils in the 5SSC and 5SSC-like buffers. Further analysis of the far interlink interactions in linear lambda phage DNA coils in similar buffers at pH 7 and 4 confirms the earlier proposal about the role of H+ ions in the appearance of abnormally small DNA coils. The abnormal decrease in the DNA coil size in low ionic strength buffers is not a specific feature of lambda phage DNA only.

Serum free light chains are reduced in endurance trained older adults: Evidence that exercise training may reduce basal inflammation in older adults.

PubMed

Heaney, Jennifer L J; Phillips, Anna C; Drayson, Mark T; Campbell, John P

2016-05-01

Traditionally, free light chains (FLCs) are used as key serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of plasma cell malignancies, but polyclonal FLCs can also be used as an accurate real-time indicator of immune-activation and inflammation. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the effects of exercise training status on serum FLCs in older adults, and secondly, to examine if training status moderated serum FLC responses to acute exercise. Kappa and lambda serum FLC levels were measured in 45 healthy older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) who were either sedentary, physically active or endurance trained. FLCs were measured at baseline and in response to an acute bout of submaximal exercise. The endurance trained group had significantly lower levels of kappa and lambda serum FLCs compared with physically active or sedentary elderly adults; these effects were independent of age, BMI and renal function. There was no significant difference in whole immunoglobulins between groups. Exercise training status had no effect on serum FLC responses to acute exercise, which were marginal. In conclusion, endurance training was associated with lower FLC levels compared with less physically active individuals. These findings suggest that long-term endurance training may be beneficial in reducing basal inflammation in older adults as well as elevated FLCs present in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, often associated with ageing. FLCs may serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring the efficacy of exercise intervention studies in healthy and clinical populations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prognostic value of free light chains lambda and kappa in early multiple sclerosis.

PubMed

Voortman, Margarete M; Stojakovic, Tatjana; Pirpamer, Lukas; Jehna, Margit; Langkammer, Christian; Scharnagl, Hubert; Reindl, Markus; Ropele, Stefan; Seifert-Held, Thomas; Archelos, Juan-Jose; Fuchs, Siegrid; Enzinger, Christian; Fazekas, Franz; Khalil, Michael

2017-10-01

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) have been suggested as quantitative alternative to oligoclonal bands (OCB) in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known on their role in predicting clinical and paraclinical disease progression, particularly in early stages. To assess the prognostic value of FLC in OCB-positive patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS and early MS. We determined FLC kappa (KFLC) and lambda (LFLC) in CSF and serum by nephelometry in 61 patients (CIS ( n = 48), relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ( n = 13)) and 60 non-inflammatory neurological controls. Median clinical follow-up time in CIS was 4.8 years (interquartile range (IQR), 1.5-6.5 years). Patients underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and follow-up (median time interval, 2.2 years; IQR, 1.0-3.7 years) to determine T2 lesion load (T2LL) and percent brain volume change (PBVC). CSF FLC were significantly increased in CIS/MS compared to controls (all p < 0.001). A lower KFLC/LFLC CSF ratio was associated with CIS-clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) conversion (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-7.14; p < 0.05). No correlations were found for FLC variables with T2LL or PBVC. Our study confirms increased intrathecal synthesis of FLC in CIS/MS which supports their diagnostic contribution. The KFLC/LFLC CSF ratio appears to have a prognostic value in CIS beyond OCB.

Multiple myeloma invasion of the central nervous system.

PubMed

Marjanović, Slobodan; Mijusković, Zoran; Stamatović, Dragana; Madjaru, Lavinika; Ralić, Tijana; Trimcev, Jovana; Stojanović, Jelica; Radović, Vesna

2012-02-01

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the presence of neoplastic proliferating plasma cells. The tumor is generally restricted to the bone marrow. The most common complications include renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, anemia and reccurent infections. The spectrum of MM neurological complications is diverse, however, involvement of MM in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptomeningeal infiltration are rare considered. In about 1% of the cases, the disease affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents itself in the form of localized intraparenchymal lesions, solitary cerebral plasmocytoma or CNS myelomatosis (LMM). We presented the clinical course of a 55-year-old man with MM and LMM proven by malignant plasma cells in the CSF, hospitalized with the pain in the thoracic spine. His medical history was uneventful. There had been no evidence of mental or neurological impairment prior to the seizures. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. After a complete staging, the diagnosis of MM type biclonal gammopathia IgG lambda and free lambda light chains in the stage III was confirmed. The treatment started with systemic chemotherapy (with vincristine, doxorubicin plus high-dose dexamethasone--VAD protocol), radiotherapy and bisphosphonate. The patient developed weakness, nausea, febrility, dispnea, bilateral bronchopneumonia, acute renal insufficiency, confusions, headaches and soon thereafter sensomotor aphasias and right hemiparesis. The patient was treated with the adequate therapy including one hemodyalisis. His neurological status was deteriorated, so Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) of the head was performed and the findings were normal. Analysis of CSF showed pleocytosis, 26 elements/mL and increased concentrations of proteins. Cytological analysis revealed an increased number of plasma cells (29%). Electrophoretic analysis of proteins disclosed the existance of monoclonal components in the serum, urine and CSF. Immunofixation electrophoretic and quantitative nephelometric tests confirmed Biclonal multiple myeloma of IgG lambda and light chain lambda isotypes. Analysis of neurothropic viruses with ELISA methods was negative. Once the presence of LMM was confirmed, the patient received intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, dexamethasone three times a week, and systemic high doses of dexamethasone iv like a single agent without craniospinale irradiations. Despite the treatment, the patient died one month after the diagnosis. Autopsy was not performed. Presented patient, as well as most other patients with MM progressing to CN Sinfiltration was in the stage III. In addition to the detailed clinical examination, and all investigations required for MM diagnosis and staging of the disease, we introduced the additional CSF examination and calculation of kappa lambda ratio, that helped us make an early diagnosis and prognosis of MM with LMM. Although LMM had a low prevalence, it could be more frequent than expected especially in patients with high risk. CSF examination with positive plasma cells and abnormal morphology remains the hallmark for diag nosing CNS infiltration.

Influence of membrane thickness and ion concentration on the properties of the gramicidin a channel. Autocorrelation, spectral power density, relaxation and single-channel studies.

PubMed

Kolb, H A; Bamberg, E

1977-01-04

The properties of the gramicidin A channel in membranes made from a series of monoglycerides have been studied. In agreement with previous studies, the dissociation rate constant kD of the dimeric channel was found to increase strongly with increasing chain length of the monoglyceride, corresponding to a decrease of the mean life-time of the channel. The value of kD, however, was not strictly correlated with the membrane thickness, as seen from a comparison of membranes with different solvent content. Furthermore, the life-time of the channel increased with the concentration of the permeable ion. This effect was tentatively explained by an electrostatic stabilization of the channel. The single-channel conductance lambda was found to decrease with increasing membrane thickness d, if d was varied by increasing the chain length of the lipid. On the other hand, if d was changed by varying the solvent content of the membranes formed from one and the same lipid, lambda remained constant. These observations were explained by the assumption of local inhomogeneities in the membrane thickness. A striking difference between the lambda values obtained from autocorrelation analysis in the presence of many presence of many channels (lambda a) and those obtained from single-channel experiments (lambda sc) occurred with membranes from longer chain-length monoglycerides. This difference disappeared at low ion concentrations. Electrostatic interactions between channels in local clusters were proposed for an interpretation of these findings.

Smart management of sample dilution using an artificial neural network to achieve streamlined processes and saving resources: the automated nephelometric testing of serum free light chain as case study.

PubMed

Ialongo, Cristiano; Pieri, Massimo; Bernardini, Sergio

2017-02-01

Saving resources is a paramount issue for the modern laboratory, and new trainable as well as smart technologies can be used to allow the automated instrumentation to manage samples more efficiently in order to achieve streamlined processes. In this regard the serum free light chain (sFLC) testing represents an interesting challenge, as it usually causes using a number of assays before achieving an acceptable result within the analytical range. An artificial neural network based on the multi-layer perceptron (MLP-ANN) was used to infer the starting dilution status of sFLC samples based on the information available through the laboratory information system (LIS). After the learning phase, the MLP-ANN simulation was applied to the nephelometric testing routinely performed in our laboratory on a BN ProSpec® System analyzer (Siemens Helathcare) using the N Latex FLC kit. The MLP-ANN reduced the serum kappa free light chain (κ-FLC) and serum lambda free light chain (λ-FLC) wasted tests by 69.4% and 70.8% with respect to the naïve stepwise dilution scheme used by the automated analyzer, and by 64.9% and 66.9% compared to a "rational" dilution scheme based on a 4-step dilution. Although it was restricted to follow-up samples, the MLP-ANN showed good predictive performance, which alongside the possibility to implement it in any automated system, made it a suitable solution for achieving streamlined laboratory processes and saving resources.

Switch from hapten-specific immunoglobulin M to immunoglobulin D secretion in a hybrid mouse cell line.

PubMed Central

Neuberger, M S; Rajewsky, K

1981-01-01

From a hybrid mouse cell line (B1-8) that secreted an IgM, lambda 1 anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl antibody but that had no detectable surface IgM, selection for a variant with lambda 1 chains on the surface resulted in the isolation of a line that had switched from mu to delta expression. The surface and secreted Igs of this line were typed as IgD with two monoclonal antibodies, and the parental IgM and variant IgD molecules carried the same variable regions as judged by hapten-binding and idiotypic analysis. The surface and secreted delta chains of the IgD variant have apparent molecular weights of 64,000 and 61,000, respectively. However, the unglycosylated secreted delta polypeptide chain has a molecular weight of only 44,000. The secreted IgD exists predominantly in the delta 2 lambda A2 form, does not contain J protein, is relatively stable in serum, and does not fix complement. Images PMID:6940132

Quadrupole deformation ({beta},{gamma}) of light {Lambda} hypernuclei in a constrained relativistic mean field model: Shape evolution and shape polarization effect of the {Lambda} hyperon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu Bingnan; Zhao Enguang; Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator, Lanzhou 730000

2011-07-15

The shapes of light normal nuclei and {Lambda} hypernuclei are investigated in the ({beta},{gamma}) deformation plane by using a newly developed constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) model. As examples, the results of some C, Mg, and Si nuclei are presented and discussed in details. We found that for normal nuclei the present RMF calculations and previous Skyrme-Hartree-Fock models predict similar trends of the shape evolution with the neutron number increasing. But some quantitative aspects from these two approaches, such as the depth of the minimum and the softness in the {gamma} direction, differ a lot for several nuclei. For {Lambda}more » hypernuclei, in most cases, the addition of a {Lambda} hyperon alters slightly the location of the ground state minimum toward the direction of smaller {beta} and softer {gamma} in the potential energy surface E{approx}({beta},{gamma}). There are three exceptions, namely, {sub {Lambda}}{sup 13}C, {sub {Lambda}}{sup 23}C, and {sub {Lambda}}{sup 31}Si in which the polarization effect of the additional {Lambda} is so strong that the shapes of these three hypernuclei are drastically different from their corresponding core nuclei.« less

Biased immunoglobulin light chain gene usage in the shark1

PubMed Central

Iacoangeli, Anna; Lui, Anita; Naik, Ushma; Ohta, Yuko; Flajnik, Martin; Hsu, Ellen

2015-01-01

This study of a large family of kappa light (L) chain clusters in nurse shark completes the characterization of its classical immunoglobulin (Ig) gene content (two heavy chain classes, mu and omega, and four L chain isotopes, kappa, lambda, sigma, and sigma-2). The shark kappa clusters are minigenes consisting of a simple VL-JL-CL array, where V to J recombination occurs over a ~500 bp interval, and functional clusters are widely separated by at least 100 kb. Six out of ca. 39 kappa clusters are pre-rearranged in the germline (GL-joined). Unlike the complex gene organization and multistep assembly process of Ig in mammals, each shark Ig rearrangement, somatic or in the germline, appears to be an independent event localized to the minigene. This study examined the expression of functional, non-productive, and sterile transcripts of the kappa clusters compared to the other three L chain isotypes. Kappa cluster usage was investigated in young sharks, and a skewed pattern of split gene expression was observed, one similar in functional and non-productive rearrangements. These results show that the individual activation of the spatially distant kappa clusters is non-random. Although both split and GL-joined kappa genes are expressed, the latter are prominent in young animals and wane with age. We speculate that, in the shark, the differential activation of the multiple isotypes can be advantageously used in receptor editing. PMID:26342033

The algebraic theory of latent projectors in lambda matrices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denman, E. D.; Leyva-Ramos, J.; Jeon, G. J.

1981-01-01

Multivariable systems such as a finite-element model of vibrating structures, control systems, and large-scale systems are often formulated in terms of differential equations which give rise to lambda matrices. The present investigation is concerned with the formulation of the algebraic theory of lambda matrices and the relationship of latent roots, latent vectors, and latent projectors to the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and eigenprojectors of the companion form. The chain rule for latent projectors and eigenprojectors for the repeated latent root or eigenvalues is given.

Simultaneous display of two large proteins on the head and tail of bacteriophage lambda.

PubMed

Pavoni, Emiliano; Vaccaro, Paola; D'Alessio, Valeria; De Santis, Rita; Minenkova, Olga

2013-09-30

Consistent progress in the development of bacteriophage lambda display platform as an alternative to filamentous phage display system was achieved in the recent years. The lambda phage has been engineered to display efficiently multiple copies of peptides or even large protein domains providing a powerful tool for screening libraries of peptides, proteins and cDNA. In the present work we describe an original method for dual display of large proteins on the surface of lambda particles. An anti-CEA single-chain antibody fragment and green fluorescent protein or alkaline phosphatase were simultaneously displayed by engineering both gpD and gpV lambda proteins. Here we show that such modified phage particles can be used for the detection of target molecules in vitro and in vivo. Dual expression of functional moieties on the surface of the lambda phage might open the way to generation of a new class of diagnostic and therapeutic targeted nanoparticles.

Involvement of oral tissues by AL amyloidosis: a literature review and report of eight new cases.

PubMed

Matsuo, Flávia Sayuri; Barbosa de Paulo, Luiz Fernando; Servato, João Paulo Silva; de Faria, Paulo Rogério; Cardoso, Sergio Vitorino; Loyola, Adriano Mota

2016-11-01

Amyloidosis is a term used to describe a group of diseases in which there is an extracellular deposition of amorphous fibrillar proteins known as amyloid. The aim of this study was to present clinicopathological data from eight oral amyloidosis-affected patients and a deep review of the literature about the disease. A retrospective study was conducted based on the records of oral amyloidosis-affected patients diagnosed in our institution between 1978 and 2012. The clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with anti-kappa and anti-lambda light chain antibodies were carried out and analyzed. Eight patients were diagnosed with the disease; the tongue and women in their sixth decade of life were mostly affected. All lesions demonstrated apple-green birefringence and immunoreactivity for kappa-light chain, and four cases also showed lambda positivity. According to our series, four cases were diagnosed with localized amyloidosis and four with systemic amyloidosis. Prognosis for the systemic ones was gloomy, but good for the localized ones, which was characterized by a slow pattern of deposition without evolution to systemic involvement. This study reinforces our knowledge about predilections, outcomes, and the importance of making a correct and quick diagnosis of oral amyloidosis and shows the necessity of more studies detailing oral amyloidosis predilection on a global scale. The importance and utility of IHC in the typing of the biochemical nature of amyloid deposits are becoming increasingly necessary for proper management of the patient. Correct classification of the type of amyloid is important for treatment consequences. This article highlights the clinicopathological data of patients with amyloidosis affecting oral tissues and compare these new findings with other worldwide descriptions. Because of its rarity, such data are often unfamiliar to most clinicians and pathologists.

Chain Dynamics in a Dilute Magnetorheological Fluid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Jing; Hagenbuchle, Martin

1996-01-01

The structure, formation, and dynamics of dilute, mono-dispersive ferrofluid emulsions in an external magnetic field have been investigated using dynamic light scattering techniques. In the absence of the magnetic field, the emulsion particles are randomly distributed and behave like hard spheres in Brownian motion. An applied magnetic field induces a magnetic dipole moment in each particle. Dipolar interactions between particles align them into chains where correlation functions show two decay processes. The short-time decay shows the motion of straight chains as a whole where the apparent chain length increases with the applied magnetic field and the particle volume fraction. Good scaling results are obtained showing that the apparent chain length grows with time following a power law with exponent of 0.6 and depends on the applied field, particle volume fraction, and diffusion constant of the particles. The long-time decay in the correlation function shows oscillation when the chains reach a certain length with time and stiffness with threshold field This result shows that chains not only fluctuate, but move in a periodic motion with a frequency of 364 Hz at lambda = 15. It may suggest the existence of phonons. This work is the first step in the understanding of the structure formation, especially chain coarsening mechanism, of magnetorheological (MR) fluids at higher volume fractions.

Strong shock waves and nonequilibrium response in a one-dimensional gas: a Boltzmann equation approach.

PubMed

Hurtado, Pablo I

2005-10-01

We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of a one-dimensional binary fluid on the basis of Boltzmann equation, using an infinitely strong shock wave as probe. Density, velocity, and temperature profiles are obtained as a function of the mixture mass ratio mu. We show that temperature overshoots near the shock layer, and that heavy particles are denser, slower, and cooler than light particles in the strong nonequilibrium region around the shock. The shock width omega(mu), which characterizes the size of this region, decreases as omega(mu) approximately mu(1/3) for mu-->0. In this limit, two very different length scales control the fluid structure, with heavy particles equilibrating much faster than light ones. Hydrodynamic fields relax exponentially toward equilibrium: phi(chi) approximately exp[-chi/lambda]. The scale separation is also apparent here, with two typical scales, lambda1 and lambda2, such that lambda1 approximately mu(1/2 as mu-->0, while lambda2, which is the slow scale controlling the fluid's asymptotic relaxation, increases to a constant value in this limit. These results are discussed in light of recent numerical studies on the nonequilibrium behavior of similar one-dimensional binary fluids.

Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Massive Amyloid Deposition in a Parathyroid Gland Associated with Amyloid Goiter: A Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Mimic on Intra-operative Frozen Section.

PubMed

Hill, Kirk; Diaz, Jason; Hagemann, Ian S; Chernock, Rebecca D

2018-06-01

Clinical examples of amyloid deposition in parathyroid glands are exceedingly rare and usually present as an incidental finding in a patient with amyloid goiter. Here, we present the first histologically documented case of parathyroid amyloid deposition that presented as a mass. The patient did not have hyperparathyroidism. The parathyroid gland was submitted for intra-operative frozen section and concern for medullary thyroid carcinoma was raised. An important histologic clue arguing against medullary thyroid carcinoma was the evenly dispersed nature of the amyloid. Histologic perinuclear clearing and parathyroid hormone immunohistochemistry confirmed parathyroid origin on permanent sections. The patient was also found to have associated amyloid goiter. Mass spectrometry of the amyloid showed it to be composed of kappa light chains. On further work-up, the patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Awareness of parathyroid amyloid deposition is important as it is a histologic mimic of medullary thyroid carcinoma, especially on frozen section. Amyloid typing with evaluation for multiple myeloma in any patient with kappa or lambda light chain restriction is also important.

Inhibitory effect of tocotrienol on eukaryotic DNA polymerase {lambda} and angiogenesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mizushina, Yoshiyuki; Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Shibata, Akira

2006-01-20

Tocotrienols, vitamin E compounds that have an unsaturated side chain with three double bonds, selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase {lambda} (pol {lambda}) in vitro. These compounds did not influence the activities of replicative pols such as {alpha}, {delta}, and {epsilon}, or even the activity of pol {beta} which is thought to have a very similar three-dimensional structure to the pol {beta}-like region of pol {lambda}. Since {delta}-tocotrienol had the strongest inhibitory effect among the four ({alpha}- to {delta}-) tocotrienols, the isomer's structure might be an important factor in the inhibition of pol {lambda}. The inhibitory effect ofmore » {delta}-tocotrienol on both intact pol {lambda} (residues 1-575) and a truncated pol {lambda} lacking the N-terminal BRCA1 C-terminus (BRCT) domain (residues 133-575, del-1 pol {lambda}) was dose-dependent, with 50% inhibition observed at a concentration of 18.4 and 90.1 {mu}M, respectively. However, del-2 pol {lambda} (residues 245-575) containing the C-terminal pol {beta}-like region was unaffected. Tocotrienols also inhibited the proliferation of and formation of tubes by bovine aortic endothelial cells, with {delta}-tocotrienol having the greatest effect. These results indicated that tocotrienols targeted both pol {lambda} and angiogenesis as anti-cancer agents. The relationship between the inhibition of pol {lambda} and anti-angiogenesis by {delta}-tocotrienol was discussed.« less

Rayleigh, the unit for light radiance.

PubMed

Baker, D J

1974-09-01

A 0.7% accurate formula is derived for the easy conversion of power spectral radiance L(lambda) in W cm(-2) sr(-1) microm(-1)to rayleigh spectral radiance R(lambda) in rayleigh/microm, R(lambda) = 2pilambdaL(lambda) x 10(13), where the wavelength lambda is in microm. The rationale for the rayleigh unit is discussed in terms of a photon rate factor and a solid angle factor. The latter is developed in terms of an equivalence theorem about optical receivers and extended sources, and the concept is extended to the computation of photon volume emission rates from altitude profiles of zenith radiance.

Simultaneous display of two large proteins on the head and tail of bacteriophage lambda

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Consistent progress in the development of bacteriophage lambda display platform as an alternative to filamentous phage display system was achieved in the recent years. The lambda phage has been engineered to display efficiently multiple copies of peptides or even large protein domains providing a powerful tool for screening libraries of peptides, proteins and cDNA. Results In the present work we describe an original method for dual display of large proteins on the surface of lambda particles. An anti-CEA single-chain antibody fragment and green fluorescent protein or alkaline phosphatase were simultaneously displayed by engineering both gpD and gpV lambda proteins. Conclusions Here we show that such modified phage particles can be used for the detection of target molecules in vitro and in vivo. Dual expression of functional moieties on the surface of the lambda phage might open the way to generation of a new class of diagnostic and therapeutic targeted nanoparticles. PMID:24073829

IgD multiple myeloma: Clinical, biological features and prognostic value of the serum free light chain assay.

PubMed

Djidjik, R; Lounici, Y; Chergeulaïne, K; Berkouk, Y; Mouhoub, S; Chaib, S; Belhani, M; Ghaffor, M

2015-09-01

IgD multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of myeloma, it affects less than 2% of patients with MM. To evaluate the clinical and prognostic attributes of serum free light chains (sFLCs) analysis, we examined 17 cases of IgD MM. From 1998 to 2012, we obtained 1250 monoclonal gammapathies including 590 multiple myeloma and 17 patients had IgD MM. With preponderance of men patients with a mean age at diagnosis of: 59±12years. Patients with IgD MM have a short survival (Median survival=9months). The presenting features included: bone pain (75%), lymphadenopathy (16%), hepatomegaly (25%), splenomegaly (8%), associated AL amyloidosis (6%), renal impairment function (82%), infections (47%), hypercalcemia (37%) and anemia (93%). Serum electrophoresis showed a subtle M-spike (Mean=13.22±10g/L) in all patients associated to a hypogammaglobulinemia. There was an over-representation of Lambda light chain (65%); high serum β2-microglobulin in 91% and Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 71%. The median rate of sFLCs κ was 19.05mg/L and 296.75mg/L for sFLCs λ. sFLCR was abnormal in 93% of patients and it showed concordance between baseline sFLCR and the survival (P=0.034). The contribution of FLC assay is crucial for the prognosis of patients with IgD MM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

First Astronomical Use of Multiplexed Transition Edge Sensor Bolometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Staguhn, J. G.; Ames, T. A.; Benford, D. J.; Chervenak, J. A.; Grossman, E. N.; Irwin, K. D.; Khan, S. A.; Maffei, B.; Moseley, S. H.; Pajot, F.

2004-01-01

We present performance results based on the first astronomical use of multiplexed superconducting bolometers. The Fabry-Perot Interferometer Bolometer Research Experiment (FIBRE) is a broadband submillimeter spectrometer that achieved first light in June 2001 at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). FIBRE's detectors are superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out by a SQUID multiplexer. The Fabry-Perot uses a low resolution grating to order sort the incoming light. A linear bolometer array consisting of 16 elements detects this dispersed light, capturing 5 orders simultaneously from one position on the sky. With tuning of the Fabry-Perot over one free spectral range, a spectrum covering Delta lambda/lambda = 1/7 at a resolution of delta lambda/lambda approx. 1/1200 can be acquired. This spectral resolution is sufficient to resolve Doppler-broadened line emission from external galaxies. FIBRE operates in the 350 m and 450 m bands. These bands cover line emission from the important star formation tracers neutral carbon (CI) and carbon monoxide (CO). We have verified that the multiplexed bolometers are photon noise limited even with the low power present in moderate resolution spectrometry.

Synthesis of a metal oxide with a room-temperature photoreversible phase transition.

PubMed

Ohkoshi, Shin-Ichi; Tsunobuchi, Yoshihide; Matsuda, Tomoyuki; Hashimoto, Kazuhito; Namai, Asuka; Hakoe, Fumiyoshi; Tokoro, Hiroko

2010-07-01

Photoinduced phase-transition materials, such as chalcogenides, spin-crossover complexes, photochromic organic compounds and charge-transfer materials, are of interest because of their application to optical data storage. Here we report a photoreversible metal-semiconductor phase transition at room temperature with a unique phase of Ti(3)O(5), lambda-Ti(3)O(5). lambda-Ti(3)O(5) nanocrystals are made by the combination of reverse-micelle and sol-gel techniques. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the photoinduced phase transition originates from a particular state of lambda-Ti(3)O(5) trapped at a thermodynamic local energy minimum. Light irradiation causes reversible switching between this trapped state (lambda-Ti(3)O(5)) and the other energy-minimum state (beta-Ti(3)O(5)), both of which are persistent phases. This is the first demonstration of a photorewritable phenomenon at room temperature in a metal oxide. lambda-Ti(3)O(5) satisfies the operation conditions required for a practical optical storage system (operational temperature, writing data by short wavelength light and the appropriate threshold laser power).

OAO-2 observations of the zodiacal light

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lillie, C. F.

1972-01-01

Photometric measurements of the night sky brightness have been obtained at twelve wavelengths between 1000 A and 4300 A from above the earth's atmosphere. A preliminary analysis of the data reveals a component of the sky brightness with ecliptic symmetry and an intensity distribution similar to that of the zodiacal light. The ultraviolet spectrum of the zodiacal light can be closely approximated with a two component model in which one component has an albedo proportional to the wavelength lambda and the other component has a scattering efficiency proportional to lambda to lbe minus 19 power.

A Rare Case of Multiple Myeloma with Biclonal Gammopathy.

PubMed

Banerjee, Abhik; Pimpalgaonkar, Kshama; Christy, Alap Lukiyas

2016-12-01

Multiple myeloma is a debilitating malignancy arising from plasma cells. These malignant plasma cells called myeloma cells proliferate and infiltrate the bone marrow. The disease is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal protein in plasma and/or the urine. In this report, we present a case of biclonal multiple myeloma which showed two M bands on serum protein electrophoresis. The patient had elevated serum IgA and IgG levels. To reveal the nature of M bands or clonality, serum Immunofixation study was performed which revealed IgA with Lambda and IgG with Kappa light chains. Such pattern is very rare if we consider the various immunofixation patterns observed in different gammopathies.

A Rare Case of Multiple Myeloma with Biclonal Gammopathy

PubMed Central

Banerjee, Abhik; Christy, Alap Lukiyas

2016-01-01

Multiple myeloma is a debilitating malignancy arising from plasma cells. These malignant plasma cells called myeloma cells proliferate and infiltrate the bone marrow. The disease is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal protein in plasma and/or the urine. In this report, we present a case of biclonal multiple myeloma which showed two M bands on serum protein electrophoresis. The patient had elevated serum IgA and IgG levels. To reveal the nature of M bands or clonality, serum Immunofixation study was performed which revealed IgA with Lambda and IgG with Kappa light chains. Such pattern is very rare if we consider the various immunofixation patterns observed in different gammopathies. PMID:28208846

The lambda mechanism of the 0nbb-decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šimkovic, Fedor; Štefánik, Dušan; Dvornický, Rastislav

2017-11-01

The lambda mechanism (WL-WR exchange) of the neutrinoless double beta decay (0nbb-decay), which has origin in left-right symmetric model with right-handed gauge boson at TeV scale, is investigated. The revisited formalism of the 0nbb-decay, which includes higher order terms of nucleon current, is exploited. The corresponding nuclear matrix elements are calculated within quasiparticle random phase approximation with partial restoration of the isospin symmetry for nuclei of experimental interest. A possibility to distinguish between the conventional light neutrino mass (WL-WL exchange) and lambda mechanisms by observation of the 0nbb-decay in several nuclei is discussed. A qualitative comparison of effective lepton number violating couplings associated with these two mechanisms is performed. By making viable assumption about the seesaw type mixing of light and heavy neutrinos it is concluded that there is a dominance of the conventional light neutrino mass mechanism in the decay rate.

CSF free light chain identification of demyelinating disease: comparison with oligoclonal banding and other CSF indexes.

PubMed

Gurtner, Kari M; Shosha, Eslam; Bryant, Sandra C; Andreguetto, Bruna D; Murray, David L; Pittock, Sean J; Willrich, Maria Alice V

2018-02-19

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) used in immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) index testing and oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are common laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The measurement of CSF free light chains (FLC) could pose as an alternative to the labor-intensive isoelectric-focusing (IEF) gels used for OCBs. A total of 325 residual paired CSF and serum specimens were obtained after physician-ordered OCB IEF testing. CSF kappa (cKFLC) and lambda FLC (cLFLC), albumin and total IgG were measured. Calculations were performed based on combinations of analytes: CSF sum of kappa and lambda ([cKFLC+cLFLC]), kappa-index (K-index) ([cKFLC/sKFLC]/[CSF albumin/serum albumin]), kappa intrathecal fraction (KFLCIF) {([cKFLC/sKFLC]-[0.9358×CSF albumin/serum albumin]^[0.6687×sKFLC]/cKFLC)} and IgG-index ([CSF IgG/CSF albumin]/[serum IgG/serum albumin]). Patients were categorized as: demyelination (n=67), autoimmunity (n=53), non-inflammatory (n=50), inflammation (n=38), degeneration (n=28), peripheral neuropathy (n=24), infection (n=13), cancer (n=11), neuromyelitis optica (n=10) and others (n=31). cKFLC measurement used alone at a cutoff of 0.0611 mg/dL showed >90% agreement to OCBs, similar or better performance than all other calculations, reducing the number of analytes and variables. When cases of demyelinating disease were reviewed, cKFLC measurements showed 86% clinical sensitivity/77% specificity. cKFLC alone demonstrates comparable performance to OCBs along with increased sensitivity for demyelinating diseases. Replacing OCB with cKFLC would alleviate the need for serum and CSF IgG and albumin and calculated conversions. cKFLC can overcome challenges associated with performance, interpretation, and cost of traditional OCBs, reducing costs and maintaining sensitivity and specificity supporting MS diagnosis.

Broadband Direct Detection Submillimeter Spectrometer with Multiplexed Superconducting Transition Edge Thermometer Bolometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, D. J.; Ames, T. A.; Chervenak, J. A.; Moseley, S. H.; Shafer, R. A.; Staguhn, J. G.; Voellmer, G. M.; Pajot, F.; Rioux, C.; Phillips, T. G.;

Comparative studies on the conformational change and aggregation behavior of irradiated carrageenans and agar by dynamic light scattering.

PubMed

Abad, Lucille; Okabe, Satoshi; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro; Kudo, Hisaaki; Saiki, Seiichi; Aranilla, Charito; Relleve, Lorna; de la Rosa, Alumanda

2008-01-01

The conformational associative properties of kappa-, iota-, and lambda-carrageenan and agar with irradiation dose were studied by dynamic light scattering. The random scission of the carrageenans and agar by gamma irradiation resulted in the formation of polydispersed lower molecular weight fragments. At high doses, the system moves towards uniformity. Conformational change from coil to helix was observed in all carrageenans and agar at doses up to 100 kGy. The conformational change in lambda-carrageenan may be due to the irregular and hybrid structure of this polysaccharide. Only agar and lambda-carrageenan still undergo conformational transition at a high dose of 200 kGy. Gelation is observed for kappa-, iota-carrageenan up to a dose of 50 kGy while gelation is still observed at 100 kGy for agar. Increase in the hydrodynamic radius with decreasing temperatures for the non-irradiated carrageenans follows this order: lambda-carrageenan>kappa-carrageenan>iota-carrageenan. Slight increases in hydrodynamic radius were observed with irradiation.

Determination of $${{\\rm{\\Lambda }}}_{\\overline{{\\rm{MS}}}}$$ at five loops from holographic QCD

DOE PAGES

Deur, Alexandre; Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Téramond, Guy F.

2017-08-25

Here, the recent determination of themore » $$\\beta$$--function of the QCD running coupling $$\\alpha_{\\overline{MS}}(Q^2)$$ to five-loops, provides a verification of the convergence of a novel method for determining the fundamental QCD parameter $$\\Lambda_s$$ based on the Light-Front Holographic approach to nonperturbative QCD. The new 5-loop analysis, together with improvements in determining the holographic QCD nonperturbative scale parameter $$\\kappa$$ from hadronic spectroscopy, leads to an improved precision of the value of $$\\Lambda_s$$ in the $${\\overline{MS}}$$ scheme close to a factor of two; we find $$\\Lambda^{(3)}_{\\overline{MS}}=0.339\\pm0.019$$ GeV for $$n_{f}=3$$, in excellent agreement with the world average, $$\\Lambda_{\\overline{MS}}^{(3)}=0.332\\pm0.017$$ GeV. Lastly, we also discuss the constraints imposed on the scale dependence of the strong coupling in the nonperturbative domain by superconformal quantum mechanics and its holographic embedding in anti-de Sitter space.« less

Epibulbar Plasmacytoma Masquerading as Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma.

PubMed

Bradley, Amanda; Estes, Amy; Ulrich, Lane; Thomas, Dilip; Gay, David

2017-02-01

We report a 75-year-old woman with a history of multiple myeloma immunoglobulin D (IgD) variant, who presented with an epibulbar plasmacytoma masquerading as a subconjunctival hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits with and without contrast was obtained and surgical biopsy of the subconjunctival lesion was performed; histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Subconjunctival biopsy revealed a plasma cell neoplasm infiltrate in the episcleral layer. The subconjunctival biopsy stained positive for CD138 and lambda-immunohistochemistry in the majority of plasma cells. Histologic findings were consistent with involvement by known IgD plasma cell myeloma where previous bone marrow biopsy demonstrated myeloma cells which stained monoclonally for IgD-lambda light chains. Although plasma cell neoplasms seldom present with ocular manifestations, it is crucial to recognize that these tumors may be associated with multiple myeloma. In patients with known multiple myeloma who present with subconjunctival hemorrhage, close follow-up is highly recommended, as this may be the initial presentation of an ocular plasmacytoma. Although a plasmacytoma is a rare subconjunctival lesion, it should not be immediately excluded from the differential diagnosis of such lesions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deur, Alexandre; Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Téramond, Guy F.

Here, the recent determination of themore » $$\\beta$$--function of the QCD running coupling $$\\alpha_{\\overline{MS}}(Q^2)$$ to five-loops, provides a verification of the convergence of a novel method for determining the fundamental QCD parameter $$\\Lambda_s$$ based on the Light-Front Holographic approach to nonperturbative QCD. The new 5-loop analysis, together with improvements in determining the holographic QCD nonperturbative scale parameter $$\\kappa$$ from hadronic spectroscopy, leads to an improved precision of the value of $$\\Lambda_s$$ in the $${\\overline{MS}}$$ scheme close to a factor of two; we find $$\\Lambda^{(3)}_{\\overline{MS}}=0.339\\pm0.019$$ GeV for $$n_{f}=3$$, in excellent agreement with the world average, $$\\Lambda_{\\overline{MS}}^{(3)}=0.332\\pm0.017$$ GeV. Lastly, we also discuss the constraints imposed on the scale dependence of the strong coupling in the nonperturbative domain by superconformal quantum mechanics and its holographic embedding in anti-de Sitter space.« less

Measurement of the Lambdab0 lifetime in Lambdab0 --> Lambdac+pi- decays in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Aaltonen, T; Adelman, J; Alvarez González, B; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Apresyan, A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Asaadi, J; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Barria, P; Bartos, P; Bauer, G; Beauchemin, P-H; Bedeschi, F; Beecher, D; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Bridgeman, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Calancha, C; Camarda, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Chwalek, T; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Corbo, M; Cordelli, M; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Dagenhart, D; Datta, M; Davies, T; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lorenzo, G; Dell'Orso, M; Deluca, C; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; d'Errico, M; Di Canto, A; di Giovanni, G P; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Donati, S; Dong, P; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Ebina, K; Elagin, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Ershaidat, N; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Ferrazza, C; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Frank, M J; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garberson, F; Garcia, J E; Garfinkel, A F; Garosi, P; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Gessler, A; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harr, R F; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heinrich, J; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hewamanage, S; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Hughes, R E; Hurwitz, M; Husemann, U; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeon, E J; Jha, M K; Jindariani, S; Johnson, W; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Kar, D; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kephart, R; Ketchum, W; Keung, J; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, H W; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krop, D; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kuhr, T; Kulkarni, N P; Kurata, M; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, E; Lee, H S; Lee, J S; Lee, S W; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C-J; Linacre, J; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, C; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Lovas, L; Lucchesi, D; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lys, J; Lysak, R; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M S; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Martínez-Ballarín, R; Mastrandrea, P; Mathis, M; Mattson, M E; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzione, A; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Mietlicki, D; Miladinovic, N; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyake, H; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mondragon, M N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Morlock, J; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Naganoma, J; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Nett, J; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Neubauer, S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Norman, M; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagan Griso, S; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Papaikonomou, A; Paramanov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Peiffer, T; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Potamianos, K; Poukhov, O; Prokoshin, F; Pronko, A; Ptohos, F; Pueschel, E; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ramakrishnan, V; Ranjan, N; Redondo, I; Renton, P; Renz, M; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rodriguez, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Roy, P; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Rutherford, B; Saarikko, H; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Santi, L; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, A; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M A; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sforza, F; Sfyrla, A; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shiraishi, S; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Simonenko, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Strycker, G L; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Tanaka, R; Tang, J; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Thom, J; Thome, J; Thompson, G A; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Ttito-Guzmán, P; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Tourneur, S; Trovato, M; Tsai, S-Y; Tu, Y; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vidal, M; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vogel, M; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, W; Wagner-Kuhr, J; Wakisaka, T; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Weinelt, J; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Wilbur, S; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wolfe, H; Wright, T; Wu, X; Würthwein, F; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yi, K; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanetti, A; Zeng, Y; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y; Zucchelli, S

2010-03-12

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the Lambda(b)(0) baryon in decays to the Lambda(c)(+)pi(-) final state in a sample corresponding to 1.1 fb(-1) collected in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. Using a sample of about 3000 fully reconstructed Lambda(b)(0) events we measure tau(Lambda(b)(0)) = 1.401 +/- 0.046(stat) +/- 0.035(syst) ps (corresponding to ctau(Lambda(b)(0)) = 420.1 +/- 13.7(stat) +/- 10.6(syst) microm, where c is the speed of light). The ratio of this result and the world average B(0) lifetime yields tau(Lambda(b)(0))/tau(B(0)) = 0.918 +/- 0.038 (stat) and (syst), in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.

The three-dimensional structure of a complex of a murine Fab (NC10. 14) with a potent sweetener (NC174): an illustration of structural diversity in antigen recognition by immunoglobulins.

PubMed

Guddat, L W; Shan, L; Broomell, C; Ramsland, P A; Fan, Z; Anchin, J M; Linthicum, D S; Edmundson, A B

2000-09-29

The three-dimensional structure of a complex of an Fab from a murine IgG2b(lambda) antibody (NC10.14) with a high potency sweet tasting hap- ten, N-(p-cyanophenyl)-N'-(diphenylmethyl)-N"-(carboxymethyl)guan idine (NC174), has been determined to 2.6 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. This complex crystallized in the triclinic space group P1, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. In contrast to a companion monoclonal antibody (NC6.8) with a kappa-type light chain and similar high affinity for the NC174 ligand, the NC10.14 antibody possessed a large and deep antigen combining site bounded primarily by the third complementarity-determining regions (CDR3s) of the light and heavy chains. CDR3 of the heavy chain dominated the site and its crown protruded into the external solvent as a type 1' beta-turn. NC174 was nested against HCDR3 and was held in place by two tryptophan side-chains (L91 and L96) from LCDR3. The diphenyl rings were accommodated on an upper tier of the binding pocket that is largely hydrophobic. At the floor of the site, a positively charged arginine side-chain (H95) stabilized the orientation of the electronegative cyano group of the hapten. The negative charge on the acetate group was partially neutralized by a hydrogen bond with the phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine H58. Comparisons of the modes of binding of NC174 to the NC6.8 and NC10.14 antibodies illustrate the enormous structural and mechanistic diversity manifest by immune responses. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Immunoglobulin gene usage in the human anti-pathogen response.

PubMed

Newkirk, M M; Rioux, J D

1995-09-01

The human antibody response to foreign pathogens is generated to a relatively small number of target surface proteins and carbohydrates that nonetheless have an extensive array of epitopes. The study of human monoclonal antibodies to different pathogens shows that there are a diversity of mechanisms used to generate a sufficient repertoire of antibodies to combat the invading pathogens. Although many different immunoglobulin gene elements are used to construct the anti-pathogen response, some elements are used more often than would be expected if all elements were used randomly. For example, the immune response to Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide appears to be quite narrow, being restricted primarily to a specific heavy-chain gene, 3-15, and a lambda light-chain family II member, 4A. In contrast, for the immune response to cytomegalovirus proteins, a wider group of gene elements is needed. It is also surprising that despite an investigator bias for IgG- rather than IgM-secreting immortal B cells (because of their high affinity and neutralizing abilities), 26% of light chains and 13% of heavy chains showed a very low level of somatic mutation, equivalent to an IgM molecule that has not undergone affinity maturation. Although some highly mutated IgG molecules are present in the anti-pathogen response, most of the monoclonal antibodies specific for viruses or bacteria have a level of somatic hypermutation similar to that of the adult IgM repertoire. A number of studies have shown that there are similarities in the antibody responses to pathogens and to self (autoantibodies).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

An Adult with Polyneuropathy and Hypogonadism due to Poems Syndrome.

PubMed

Zaidi, Saba; Sattar, Sidra; Asumal, Khealani Bhojo

2017-10-01

POEMS (acronym for polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein myeloma and skin changes), is a rare disease which occurs in the setting of plasma cell dyscrasias. We describe a case of an adult lady who presented with gradual onset weakness of all four limbs and multisystem involvement characterized by pedal edema, ascites, hyperpigmentation and hypogonadism. Nerve conduction study showed severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Serum immunofixation showed lambda light chain restricted monoclonal gammopathy. Bone marrow biopsy consistent with plasma cell dyscrasia. Hormonal assay showed decreased FSH, LH and estradiol levels which led us to diagnosis of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The patient responded well to combination therapy of thalidomide, melphalan and dexamethasone. Eight months after the therapy, she noted decreased paresthesias and increased strength. She had reduced edema and ascites.

Heat-induced formation of a specific binding site for self-assembled Congo Red in the V domain of immunoglobulin L chain lambda.

PubMed

Piekarska, B; Konieczny, L; Rybarska, J; Stopa, B; Zemanek, G; Szneler, E; Król, M; Nowak, M; Roterman, I

2001-11-01

Moderate heating (40-50 degrees C) of immunoglobulins makes them accessible for binding with Congo Red and some related highly associated dyes. The binding is specific and involves supramolecular dye ligands presenting ribbon-like micellar bodies. The L chain lambda dimer, which upon heating disclosed the same binding requirement with respect to supramolecular dye ligands, was used in this work to identify the site of their attachment. Two clearly defined dye-protein (L lambda chain) complexes arise upon heating, here called complex I and complex II. The first is formed at low temperatures (up to 40-45 degrees C) and hence by a still native protein, while the formation of the second one is associated with domain melting above 55 degrees C. They contain 4 and 8 dye molecules bound per L chain monomer, respectively. Complex I also forms efficiently at high dye concentration even at ambient temperature. Complex I and its formation was the object of the present studies. Three structural events that could make the protein accessible to penetration by the large dye ligand were considered to occur in L chains upon heating: local polypeptide chain destabilization, VL-VL domain incoherence, and protein melting. Of these three possibilities, local low-energy structural alteration was found to correlate best with the formation of complex I. It was identified as decreased packing stability of the N-terminal polypeptide chain fragment, which as a result made the V domain accessible for dye penetration. The 19-amino acid N-terminal fragment becomes susceptible to proteolytic cleavage after being replaced by the dye at its packing locus. Its splitting from the dye-protein complex was proved by amino acid sequence analysis. The emptied packing locus, which becomes the site that holds the dye, is bordered by strands of amino acids numbered 74-80 and 105-110, as shown by model analysis. The character of the temperature-induced local polypeptide chain destabilization and its possible role in intramolecular antibody signaling is discussed. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Interferometric apparatus for ultra-high precision displacement measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhao, Feng (Inventor)

2004-01-01

A high-precision heterodyne interferometer measures relative displacement by creating a thermally-insensitive system generally not subject to polarization leakage. By using first and second light beams separated by a small frequency difference (.DELTA.f), beams of light at the first frequency (f.sub.0) are reflected by co-axial mirrors, the first mirror of which has a central aperture through which the light is transmitted to and reflected by the second mirror. Prior to detection, the light beams from the two mirrors are combined with light of the second and slightly different frequency. The combined light beams are separated according to the light from the mirrors. The change in phase (.DELTA..phi.) with respect to the two signals is proportional to the change in distance of Fiducial B by a factor of wavelength (.lambda.) divided by 4.pi. (.DELTA.L=.lambda..DELTA..phi.1/(4.pi.)). In a second embodiment, a polarizing beam splitting system can be used.

Free Energy Perturbation Hamiltonian Replica-Exchange Molecular Dynamics (FEP/H-REMD) for Absolute Ligand Binding Free Energy Calculations.

PubMed

Jiang, Wei; Roux, Benoît

2010-07-01

Free Energy Perturbation with Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (FEP/REMD) offers a powerful strategy to improve the convergence of free energy computations. In particular, it has been shown previously that a FEP/REMD scheme allowing random moves within an extended replica ensemble of thermodynamic coupling parameters "lambda" can improve the statistical convergence in calculations of absolute binding free energy of ligands to proteins [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2009, 5, 2583]. In the present study, FEP/REMD is extended and combined with an accelerated MD simulations method based on Hamiltonian replica-exchange MD (H-REMD) to overcome the additional problems arising from the existence of kinetically trapped conformations within the protein receptor. In the combined strategy, each system with a given thermodynamic coupling factor lambda in the extended ensemble is further coupled with a set of replicas evolving on a biased energy surface with boosting potentials used to accelerate the inter-conversion among different rotameric states of the side chains in the neighborhood of the binding site. Exchanges are allowed to occur alternatively along the axes corresponding to the thermodynamic coupling parameter lambda and the boosting potential, in an extended dual array of coupled lambda- and H-REMD simulations. The method is implemented on the basis of new extensions to the REPDSTR module of the biomolecular simulation program CHARMM. As an illustrative example, the absolute binding free energy of p-xylene to the nonpolar cavity of the L99A mutant of T4 lysozyme was calculated. The tests demonstrate that the dual lambda-REMD and H-REMD simulation scheme greatly accelerates the configurational sampling of the rotameric states of the side chains around the binding pocket, thereby improving the convergence of the FEP computations.

The anomalous C 4 intensity ratio in symbiotic stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Michalitsianos, A. G.; Kafatos, M.; Fahey, R. P.

1988-01-01

The C IV lambda lambda 1548.2,1550.8 resonance doublet in a symbiotic stars was shown to exhibit anomalous line intensity ratios in which I (lambda 1548.2)/I(lambda 1550.8) less than 1, or less than the optically-thick limit of unity. The R Aquarii-central HII region and RX Puppis exhibit this phenomena. The I(lambda 1548.2)/I(lambda 1550.8) ratio in RX Puppis is found to vary inversely with the total C IV line intensity, and with the FES-visual light, as the object declined over a 5 yr period following a brightening in UV and optical emission which peaked in 1982. This doublet intensity behavior could be explained by a wind which has a narrow velocity range of 600 approx. less than sup v wind approx. less than 1000 km/sec, or by the pumping of the Fe II (mul. 45.01) transition a sup 4 F sub 9/2 - y sup 4 H(o) sub 11/2 by C IV lambda 1548.2, which effectively scatters C IV photons into the Fe II spectrum in these objects.

Absorption of {Lambda}(1520) hyperons in photon-nucleus collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paryev, E. Ya.

2012-12-15

In the framework of the nuclear spectral function approach for incoherent primary photon-nucleon and secondary pion-nucleon production processes we study the inclusive {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon production in the interaction of 2-GeV photons with nuclei. In particular, the A and momentum dependences of the absolute and relative {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon yields are investigated in two scenarios for its in-medium width. Our model calculations show that the pion-nucleon production channel contributes appreciably to the {Lambda}(1520) creation at intermediate momenta both in light and heavy nuclei in the chosen kinematics and, hence, has to be taken into consideration on close examination of the dependences of the {Lambda}(1520)-hyperonmore » yields on the target mass number with the aim to get information on its width in the medium. They also demonstrate that the A and momentum dependences of the absolute and relative {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon production cross sections at incident energy of interest are markedly sensitive to the {Lambda}(1520) in-medium width, which means that these observables may be an important tool to determine the above width.« less

System for testing optical fibers

DOEpatents

Davies, Terence J.; Franks, Larry A.; Nelson, Melvin A.

1981-01-01

A system for nondestructively determining the attenuation coefficient, .alpha.(.lambda.), of low-loss optical fiber wave guides. Cerenkov light pulses are generated at a plurality of locations in the fiber by a beam of charged particles. The transit times of selected spectral components and their intensities are utilized to unfold the .alpha.(.lambda.) values over the measured spectrum.

Color vision of the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) and adaptive evolution of rhodopsin (RH1) and rhodopsin-like (RH2) pigments.

PubMed

Yokoyama, S

2000-01-01

The coelacanth, a "living fossil," lives at a depth of about 200 m near the coast of the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean and receives only a narrow range of light at about 480 nm. To see the entire range of "color" the Comoran coelacanth appears to use only rod-specific RH1 and cone-specific RH2 visual pigments, with the optimum light sensitivities (lambda max) at 478 nm and 485 nm, respectively. These blue-shifted lambda max values of RH1 and RH2 pigments are fully explained by independent double amino acid replacements E122Q/A292S and E122Q/M207L, respectively. More generally, currently available mutagenesis experiments identify only 10 amino acid changes that shift the lambda max values of visual pigments more than 5 nm. Among these, D83N, E1220, M207L, and A292S are associated strongly with the adaptive blue shifts in the lambda max values of RH1 and RH2 pigments in vertebrates.

Identification of serum protein markers for early diagnosis of pregnancy in buffalo.

PubMed

Buragohain, Lukumoni; Nanda, Trilok; Ghosh, Arnab; Ghosh, Mayukh; Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Sunil; Gupta, Sambhu Sharan; Bharali, Arpita; Mohanty, Ashok K; Singh, Inderjeet; Balhara, Ashok Kumar

2017-08-01

Improper or delayed pregnancy diagnosis has significant impact over animal production, particularly in buffaloes which inherently suffer from several reproductive inefficiencies. Thus the present study has undertaken to identify serum protein markers pertaining to early pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Serum samples were collected from 10 pregnant Murrah Buffalo heifers at weekly intervals from days 0-35 post-artificial insemination and from 12 inseminated non-pregnant cyclic buffalo heifers on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and densitometric analysis revealed the presence of five protein spots showing average density fold change of ≥4 during early pregnancy. Mass spectrometry analysis identified these up-regulated proteins as anti-testosterone antibody light chain, apolipoprotein A-II precursor, serum amyloid A, cytokeratin type II, component IV isoform 1, which are have established roles in embryogenesis, but over-expression of the fifth identified protein immunoglobulin lambda light chain in pregnancy has been elucidated as a novel finding in the current study. Further, with bioinformatics analysis, potential antigenic B-cell epitopes were predicted for all these five proteins. An antibody cocktail-based approach involving antibodies against all these five up-regulated entire proteins or their epitopes could be developed for early detection of pregnancy in buffaloes. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Physical parameters of lambda Bootis stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solano, E.; Paunzen, E.; Pintado, O. I.; Córdoba; Varela, J.

2001-08-01

This is the first of two papers whose main goal is to update and improve the information available on the physical properties of the lambda Bootis stars. The determination of the stellar parameters is of fundamental importance to shed light into the different theories proposed to explain the lambda Bootis phenomenon. With this aim, projected rotational velocities, effective temperatures, surface gravities and chemical abundances of a sample of suspected lambda Bootis stars have been calculated. Five objects showing composite spectra typical of binary systems were found in our analysis. The abundance distribution of the program stars does not resemble the chemical composition of the class prototype, lambda Boo, which poses some concerns regarding the idea of a well-defined, chemically homogeneous group of stars. A possible relation between rotational velocities and the lambda Bootis phenomenon has been found. This result would be in agreement with the accretion scenario proposed by Turcotte & Charbonneau (\\cite{Turcotte93}). Figure 3 is only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org

Discharge-pumped cw gas lasers utilizing 'dressed-atom' gain media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sorokin, P.P.; Glownia, J.H.; Hodgson, R.T.

The possibility of realizing an efficient gaseous laser-beam-generating medium that utilizes {lambda}-type coherently phased (i.e., 'dressed') atoms for the active laser species, but that does not inherently require the use of external laser beams for pumping, is explored. Specifically, it is investigated if multiphoton stimulated hyper-Raman scattering (SHRS) processes driven by fluorescence radiation generated in a continuous electrical discharge present within the vapor-containing cell could produce continuous-wave (cw) optical gain at the {lambda}-atom resonance frequencies {omega}{sub o} and {omega}{sub o}{sup '}. It is deduced that such gain could result from n-photon (n{>=}4) SHRS processes only if absorption of fluorescence pumpmore » light occurs in the first three transitions of the n-photon sequence representing the process unit step. Estimates of the amount of optical gain that could be produced in such a system indicate that it should be sufficient to allow multiwatt cw laser operation to occur on one set of {lambda} transitions connecting levels in a 'double-{lambda}' structure, with the pump light being discharge-produced fluorescence centered about the transitions of the other {lambda} pair. However, to initiate operation of such a device would require injection into the laser optical cavity of intense 'starter' laser pulses at both lasing frequencies. What should be an optimal experimental configuration for determining feasibility of the proposed laser device is described. In the suggested configuration, Cs-atom 6S{sub 1/2}-6P{sub 1/2} transitions form the double-{lambda} structure.« less

[POEMS syndrome with plasmocytoma lytic bone lesion].

PubMed

Rafai, M A; Fadel, H; Boulaajaj, F Z; Sibai, M; Rafai, M; El Moutawakkil, B; Bourezgui, M; Trafeh, M; Slassi, I

2008-01-01

Crow-Fukase or Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, and Skin changes syndrome (POEMS) is a rare multisystemic affection with incompletely elucidated etiopathogenesis. We report a case of POEMS syndrome in a 48-year-old adult revealed four months before admission by areflexic flask tetraparesis prevalent on the lower limbs in connection with demyelinating and axonal CIDP "like" sensoriomotor neuropathy of the four limbs electroneuromyographically. The patient presented elevated protein level in the CSF with monoclonal standard IgG gammapathy associated with a narrow band lambda, suggesting POEMS syndrome. Further explorations revealed skin lesions with glomeruloid angiomas, edematous vasomotor disorders as well as erythrocyanose, hypogonadism, papillar edema and a lytic bone lesion of the left scapula. Radiotherapy was associated with corticosteroids and plasma exchanges. Outcome was good with resolution of the symptoms and stabilization of the neuropathy. POEMS syndrome is rare; the diagnosis is based on necessary criteria, the presence of a demyelinating and axonal polyneuropathy associated with an IgA or IgG monoclonal gammapathy, the light chain being almost entirely lambda, associated to other characteristic elements, in particular glomeruloid angiomas, endocrinopathy, sclerosing plasmocytoma which must be carefully required. Treatment is based on surgical cure or radiotherapy for bone lesion and non specific treatments such as corticosteroid therapy, plasma exchanges and IVIG.

Organic light-emitting diodes from homoleptic square planar complexes

DOEpatents

Omary, Mohammad A

2013-11-12

Homoleptic square planar complexes [M(N.LAMBDA.N).sub.2], wherein two identical N.LAMBDA.N bidentate anionic ligands are coordinated to the M(II) metal center, including bidentate square planar complexes of triazolates, possess optical and electrical properties that make them useful for a wide variety of optical and electrical devices and applications. In particular, the complexes are useful for obtaining white or monochromatic organic light-emitting diodes ("OLEDs"). Improved white organic light emitting diode ("WOLED") designs have improved efficacy and/or color stability at high brightness in single- or two-emitter white or monochrome OLEDs that utilize homoleptic square planar complexes, including bis[3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato]platinum(II) ("Pt(ptp).sub.2").

Observation of an antimatter hypernucleus.

PubMed

Abelev, B I; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Alakhverdyants, A V; Alekseev, I; Anderson, B D; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Balewski, J; Barnby, L S; Baumgart, S; Beavis, D R; Bellwied, R; Betancourt, M J; Betts, R R; Bhasin, A; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Biritz, B; Bland, L C; Bonner, B E; Bouchet, J; Braidot, E; Brandin, A V; Bridgeman, A; Bruna, E; Bueltmann, S; Bunzarov, I; Burton, T P; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderon, M; Catu, O; Cebra, D; Cendejas, R; Cervantes, M C; Chajecki, Z; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, J H; Chen, J Y; Cheng, J; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, K E; Christie, W; Chung, P; Clarke, R F; Codrington, M J M; Corliss, R; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Dash, S; Davila Leyva, A; De Silva, L C; Debbe, R R; Dedovich, T G; DePhillips, M; Derevschikov, A A; Derradi de Souza, R; Didenko, L; Djawotho, P; Dogra, S M; Dong, X; Drachenberg, J L; Draper, J E; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Mazumdar, M R; Efimov, L G; Elhalhuli, E; Elnimr, M; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Estienne, M; Eun, L; Evdokimov, O; Fachini, P; Fatemi, R; Fedorisin, J; Fersch, R G; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fine, V; Fisyak, Y; Gagliardi, C A; Gangadharan, D R; Ganti, M S; Garcia-Solis, E J; Geromitsos, A; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gorbunov, Y N; Gordon, A; Grebenyuk, O; Grosnick, D; Grube, B; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gupta, N; Guryn, W; Haag, B; Hamed, A; Han, L-X; Harris, J W; Hays-Wehle, J P; Heinz, M; Heppelmann, S; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffman, A M; Hoffmann, G W; Hofman, D J; Hollis, R S; Huang, B; Huang, H Z; Humanic, T J; Huo, L; Igo, G; Iordanova, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Jakl, P; Jena, C; Jin, F; Jones, C L; Jones, P G; Joseph, J; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kajimoto, K; Kang, K; Kapitan, J; Kauder, K; Keane, D; Kechechyan, A; Kettler, D; Kikola, D P; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klein, S R; Knospe, A G; Kocoloski, A; Koetke, D D; Kollegger, T; Konzer, J; Kopytine, M; Koralt, I; Koroleva, L; Korsch, W; Kotchenda, L; Kouchpil, V; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Krus, M; Kumar, L; Kurnadi, P; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; LaPointe, S; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednicky, R; Lee, C-H; Lee, J H; Leight, W; Levine, M J; Li, C; Li, L; Li, N; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, G; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, H; Liu, J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Longacre, R S; Love, W A; Lu, Y; Luo, X; Ma, G L; Ma, Y G; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Mal, O I; Mangotra, L K; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Masui, H; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McDonald, D; McShane, T S; Meschanin, A; Milner, R; Minaev, N G; Mioduszewski, S; Mischke, A; Mitrovski, M K; Mohanty, B; Mondal, M M; Morozov, B; Morozov, D A; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nattrass, C; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Netrakanti, P K; Ng, M J; Nogach, L V; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okada, H; Okorokov, V; Olson, D; Pachr, M; Page, B S; Pal, S K; Pandit, Y; Panebratsev, Y; Pawlak, T; Peitzmann, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Perkins, C; Peryt, W; Phatak, S C; Pile, P; Planinic, M; Ploskon, M A; Pluta, J; Plyku, D; Poljak, N; Poskanzer, A M; Potukuchi, B V K S; Powell, C B; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Pruthi, N K; Pujahari, P R; Putschke, J; Qiu, H; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ray, R L; Redwine, R; Reed, R; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevskiy, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L; Sahoo, R; Sakai, S; Sakrejda, I; Sakuma, T; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Sangaline, E; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schuster, T R; Seele, J; Seger, J; Selyuzhenkov, I; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shi, S S; Sichtermann, E P; Simon, F; Singaraju, R N; Skoby, M J; Smirnov, N; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, T D S; Staszak, D; Stevens, J R; Stock, R; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Suaide, A A P; Suarez, M C; Subba, N L; Sumbera, M; Sun, X M; Sun, Y; Sun, Z; Surrow, B; Svirida, D N; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Tang, Z; Tarini, L H; Tarnowsky, T; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tian, J; Timmins, A R; Timoshenko, S; Tlusty, D; Tokarev, M; Trainor, T A; Tram, V N; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Tsai, O D; Ulery, J; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; van Leeuwen, M; van Nieuwenhuizen, G; Vanfossen, J A; Varma, R; Vasconcelos, G M S; Vasiliev, A N; Videbaek, F; Viyogi, Y P; Vokal, S; Voloshin, S A; Wada, M; Walker, M; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wang, J S; Wang, Q; Wang, X L; Wang, Y; Webb, G; Webb, J C; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Wingfield, E; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wu, Y; Xie, W; Xu, H; Xu, N; Xu, Q H; Xu, W; Xu, Y; Xu, Z; Xue, L; Yang, Y; Yepes, P; Yip, K; Yoo, I-K; Yue, Q; Zawisza, M; Zbroszczyk, H; Zhan, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zhang, W M; Zhang, X P; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z P; Zhao, J; Zhong, C; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhu, X; Zhu, Y H; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, Y

2010-04-02

Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons--comprising an antiproton, an antineutron, and an antilambda hyperon--produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +/- 17 antihypertritons ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 157 +/- 30 hypertritons (Lambda3H). The measured yields of Lambda3H ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 3He (3He) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and of nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

The protein interaction map of bacteriophage lambda

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Bacteriophage lambda is a model phage for most other dsDNA phages and has been studied for over 60 years. Although it is probably the best-characterized phage there are still about 20 poorly understood open reading frames in its 48-kb genome. For a complete understanding we need to know all interactions among its proteins. We have manually curated the lambda literature and compiled a total of 33 interactions that have been found among lambda proteins. We set out to find out how many protein-protein interactions remain to be found in this phage. Results In order to map lambda's interactions, we have cloned 68 out of 73 lambda open reading frames (the "ORFeome") into Gateway vectors and systematically tested all proteins for interactions using exhaustive array-based yeast two-hybrid screens. These screens identified 97 interactions. We found 16 out of 30 previously published interactions (53%). We have also found at least 18 new plausible interactions among functionally related proteins. All previously found and new interactions are combined into structural and network models of phage lambda. Conclusions Phage lambda serves as a benchmark for future studies of protein interactions among phage, viruses in general, or large protein assemblies. We conclude that we could not find all the known interactions because they require chaperones, post-translational modifications, or multiple proteins for their interactions. The lambda protein network connects 12 proteins of unknown function with well characterized proteins, which should shed light on the functional associations of these uncharacterized proteins. PMID:21943085

Self-organized coherent bursts of stimulated Raman scattering and speckle interaction in multi-speckled laser beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Rose, H. A.

2013-01-15

Nonlinear physics governing the kinetic behavior of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in multi-speckled laser beams has been identified in the trapping regime over a wide range of k{lambda}{sub D} values (here k is the wave number of the electron plasma waves and {lambda}{sub D} is the Debye length) in homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas. Hot electrons from intense speckles, both forward and side-loss hot electrons produced during SRS daughter electron plasma wave bowing and filamentation, seed and enhance the growth of SRS in neighboring speckles by reducing Landau damping. Trapping-enhanced speckle interaction through transport of hot electrons, backscatter, and sidescatter SRSmore » light waves enable the system of speckles to self-organize and exhibit coherent, sub-ps SRS bursts with more than 100% instantaneous reflectivity, resulting in an SRS transverse coherence width much larger than a speckle width and a SRS spectrum that peaks outside the incident laser cone. SRS reflectivity is found to saturate above a threshold laser intensity at a level of reflectivity that depends on k{lambda}{sub D}: higher k{lambda}{sub D} leads to lower SRS and the reflectivity scales as {approx}(k{lambda}{sub D}){sup -4}. As k{lambda}{sub D} and Landau damping increase, speckle interaction via sidescattered light and side-loss hot electrons decreases and the occurrence of self-organized events becomes infrequent, leading to the reduction of time-averaged SRS reflectivity. It is found that the inclusion of a moderately strong magnetic field in the laser direction can effectively control SRS by suppressing transverse speckle interaction via hot electron transport.« less

Removal of a C-terminal serine residue proximal to the inter-chain disulfide bond of a human IgG1 lambda light chain mediates enhanced antibody stability and antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

PubMed Central

Shen, Yang; Zeng, Lin; Zhu, Aiping; Blanc, Tim; Patel, Dipa; Pennello, Anthony; Bari, Amtul; Ng, Stanley; Persaud, Kris; Kang, Yun (Kenneth); Balderes, Paul; Surguladze, David; Hindi, Sagit; Zhou, Qinwei; Ludwig, Dale L.; Snavely, Marshall

2013-01-01

Optimization of biophysical properties is a critical success factor for the developability of monoclonal antibodies with potential therapeutic applications. The inter-domain disulfide bond between light chain (Lc) and heavy chain (Hc) in human IgG1 lends structural support for antibody scaffold stability, optimal antigen binding, and normal Fc function. Recently, human IgG1λ has been suggested to exhibit significantly greater susceptibility to reduction of the inter Lc-Hc disulfide bond relative to the same disulfide bond in human IgG1κ. To understand the molecular basis for this observed difference in stability, the sequence and structure of human IgG1λ and human IgG1κ were compared. Based on this Lc comparison, three single mutations were made in the λ Lc proximal to the cysteine residue, which forms a disulfide bond with the Hc. We determined that deletion of S214 (dS) improved resistance of the association between Lc and Hc to thermal stress. In addition, deletion of this terminal serine from the Lc of IgG1λ provided further benefit, including an increase in stability at elevated pH, increased yield from transient transfection, and improved in vitro antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These observations support the conclusion that the presence of the terminal serine of the λ Lc creates a weaker inter-chain disulfide bond between the Lc and Hc, leading to slightly reduced stability and a potential compromise in IgG1λ function. Our data from a human IgG1λ provide a basis for further investigation of the effects of deleting terminal serine from λLc on the stability and function of other human IgG1λ antibodies. PMID:23567210

Diffractive centrosymmetric 3D-transmission phase gratings positioned at the image plane of optical systems transform lightlike 4D-WORLD as tunable resonators into spectral metrics...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauinger, Norbert

1999-08-01

Diffractive 3D phase gratings of spherical scatterers dense in hexagonal packing geometry represent adaptively tunable 4D-spatiotemporal filters with trichromatic resonance in visible spectrum. They are described in the (lambda) - chromatic and the reciprocal (nu) -aspects by reciprocal geometric translations of the lightlike Pythagoras theorem, and by the direction cosine for double cones. The most elementary resonance condition in the lightlike Pythagoras theorem is given by the transformation of the grating constants gx, gy, gz of the hexagonal 3D grating to (lambda) h1h2h3 equals (lambda) 111 with cos (alpha) equals 0.5. Through normalization of the chromaticity in the von Laue-interferences to (lambda) 111, the (nu) (lambda) equals (lambda) h1h2h3/(lambda) 111-factor of phase velocity becomes the crucial resonance factor, the 'regulating device' of the spatiotemporal interaction between 3D grating and light, space and time. In the reciprocal space equal/unequal weights and times in spectral metrics result at positions of interference maxima defined by hyperbolas and circles. A database becomes built up by optical interference for trichromatic image preprocessing, motion detection in vector space, multiple range data analysis, patchwide multiple correlations in the spatial frequency spectrum, etc.

Recent developments in Lambda networking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Laat, C.; Grosso, P.

About 6 years ago the first baby-steps were made on opening up dark fiber and DWDM infrastructure for direct use by ISP's after the transformation of the old style Telecom sector into a market driven business. Since then Lambda workshops, community groups like GLIF and a number of experiments have led to many implementations of hybrid national research and education networks and lightpath-based circuit exchanges as pioneered by SURFnet in GigaPort and NetherLight in collaboration with StarLight in Chicago and Canarie in Canada. This article looks back on those developments, describes some current open issues and research developments and proposes a concept of terabit networking.

Phase shifting diffraction interferometer

DOEpatents

Sommargren, Gary E.

1996-01-01

An interferometer which has the capability of measuring optical elements and systems with an accuracy of .lambda./1000 where .lambda. is the wavelength of visible light. Whereas current interferometers employ a reference surface, which inherently limits the accuracy of the measurement to about .lambda./50, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical reference wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. This interferometer is adjustable to give unity fringe visibility, which maximizes the signal-to-noise, and has the means to introduce a controlled prescribed relative phase shift between the reference wavefront and the wavefront from the optics under test, which permits analysis of the interference fringe pattern using standard phase extraction algorithms.

Phase shifting diffraction interferometer

DOEpatents

Sommargren, G.E.

1996-08-29

An interferometer which has the capability of measuring optical elements and systems with an accuracy of {lambda}/1000 where {lambda} is the wavelength of visible light. Whereas current interferometers employ a reference surface, which inherently limits the accuracy of the measurement to about {lambda}/50, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical reference wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. This interferometer is adjustable to give unity fringe visibility, which maximizes the signal-to-noise, and has the means to introduce a controlled prescribed relative phase shift between the reference wavefront and the wavefront from the optics under test, which permits analysis of the interference fringe pattern using standard phase extraction algorithms. 8 figs.

An improved procedure, involving mass spectrometry, for N-terminal amino acid sequence determination of proteins which are N alpha-blocked.

PubMed Central

Rose, K; Kocher, H P; Blumberg, B M; Kolakofsky, D

1984-01-01

A modification to a previously described procedure [Gray & del Valle (1970) Biochemistry 9, 2134-2137; Rose, Simona & Offord (1983) Biochem. J. 215, 261-272] for mass-spectral identification of the N-terminal regions of proteins is shown to be useful in cases where the N-terminus is blocked. Three proteins were studied: vesicular-stomatitis-virus N protein, Sendai-virus NP protein, and a rabbit immunoglobulin lambda-light chain. These proteins, found to be blocked at the N-terminus with either the acetyl group or a pyroglutamic acid residue, had all failed to yield to attempted Edman degradation, in one case even after attempted enzymic removal of the pyroglutamic acid residue. The N-terminal regions of all three proteins were sequenced by using the new procedure. PMID:6421284

Family values in the age of genomics: comparative analyses of temperate bacteriophage HK022.

PubMed

Weisberg, R A; Gottesmann, M E; Hendrix, R W; Little, J W

1999-01-01

HK022 is a temperate coliphage related to phage lambda. Its chromosome has been completely sequenced, and several aspects of its life cycle have been intensively studied. In the overall arrangement, expression, and function of most of its genes, HK022 broadly resembles lambda and other members of the lambda family. Upon closer view, significant differences emerge. The differences reveal alternative strategies used by related phages to cope with similar problems and illuminate previously unknown regulatory and structural motifs. HK022 prophages protect lysogens from superinfection by producing a sequence-specific RNA binding protein that prematurely terminates nascent transcripts of infecting phage. It uses a novel RNA-based mechanism to antiterminate its own early transcription. The HK022 protein shell is strengthened by a complex pattern of covalent subunit interlinking to form a unitary structure that resembles chain-mail armour. Its integrase and repressor proteins are similar to those of lambda, but the differences provide insights into the evolution of biological specificity and the elements needed for construction of a stable genetic switch.

Osmotic pressure and virial coefficients of star and comb polymer solutions: dissipative particle dynamics.

PubMed

Wang, Tzu-Yu; Fang, Che-Ming; Sheng, Yu-Jane; Tsao, Heng-Kwong

2009-03-28

The effects of macromolecular architecture on the osmotic pressure pi and virial coefficients (B(2) and B(3)) of star and comb polymers in good solvents are studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations for both dilute and semiconcentrated regimes. The dependence of the osmotic pressure on polymer concentration is directly calculated by considering two reservoirs separated by a semipermeable, fictitious membrane. Our simulation results show that the ratios A(n+1) identical with B(n+1)/R(g)(3n) are essentially constant and A(2) and A(3) are arm number (f) dependent, where R(g) is zero-density radius of gyration. The value of dimensionless virial ratio g = A(3)/A(2)(2) increases with arm number of stars whereas it is essentially arm number independent for comb polymers. In semiconcentrated regime the scaling relation between osmotic pressure and volume fraction, pi proportional to phi(lambda), still holds for both star and comb polymers. For comb polymers, the exponent lambda is close to lambda(*) (approximately = 2.73 for linear chains) and is independent of the arm number. However, for star polymers, the exponent lambda deviates from lambda(*) and actually grows with increasing the arm number. This may be attributed to the significant ternary interactions near the star core in the many-arm systems.

Strength functions, entropies, and duality in weakly to strongly interacting fermionic systems.

PubMed

Angom, D; Ghosh, S; Kota, V K B

2004-01-01

We revisit statistical wave function properties of finite systems of interacting fermions in the light of strength functions and their participation ratio and information entropy. For weakly interacting fermions in a mean-field with random two-body interactions of increasing strength lambda, the strength functions F(k) (E) are well known to change, in the regime where level fluctuations follow Wigner's surmise, from Breit-Wigner to Gaussian form. We propose an ansatz for the function describing this transition which we use to investigate the participation ratio xi(2) and the information entropy S(info) during this crossover, thereby extending the known behavior valid in the Gaussian domain into much of the Breit-Wigner domain. Our method also allows us to derive the scaling law lambda(d) approximately 1/sqrt[m] ( m is number of fermions) for the duality point lambda= lambda(d), where F(k) (E), xi(2), and S(info) in both the weak ( lambda=0 ) and strong mixing ( lambda= infinity ) basis coincide. As an application, the ansatz function for strength functions is used in describing the Breit-Wigner to Gaussian transition seen in neutral atoms CeI to SmI with valence electrons changing from 4 to 8.

Time-resolved diffusion tomographic imaging in highly scattering turbid media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfano, Robert R. (Inventor); Cai, Wei (Inventor); Liu, Feng (Inventor); Lax, Melvin (Inventor); Das, Bidyut B. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: X.sup.(k+1).spsp.T =?Y.sup.T W+X.sup.(k).spsp.T .LAMBDA.!?W.sup.T W+.LAMBDA.!.sup.-1 wherein W is a matrix relating output at detector position r.sub.d, at time t, to source at position r.sub.s, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j =/<.DELTA.Xj.DELTA.Xj> Here Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information.

Photochemistry and reactivity of the phenyl radical-water system: a matrix isolation and computational study.

PubMed

Mardyukov, Artur; Crespo-Otero, Rachel; Sanchez-Garcia, Elsa; Sander, Wolfram

2010-08-02

The reaction of the phenyl radical 1 with water has been investigated by using matrix isolation spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The primary thermal product of the reaction between 1 and water is a weakly bound complex stabilized by an OH...pi interaction. This complex is photolabile, and visible-light irradiation (lambda>420 nm) results in hydrogen atom transfer from water to radical 1 and the formation of a highly labile complex between benzene and the OH radical. This complex is stable under the conditions of matrix isolation, however, continuous irradiation with lambda>420 nm light results in the complete destruction of the aromatic system and formation of an acylic unsaturated ketene. The mechanisms of all reaction steps are discussed in the light of ab initio and DFT calculations.

Comparing domain interactions within antibody Fabs with kappa and lambda light chains.

PubMed

Toughiri, Raheleh; Wu, Xiufeng; Ruiz, Diana; Huang, Flora; Crissman, John W; Dickey, Mark; Froning, Karen; Conner, Elaine M; Cujec, Thomas P; Demarest, Stephen J

2016-10-01

IgG antibodies are multi-domain proteins with complex inter-domain interactions. Human IgG heavy chains (HCs) associate with light chains (LCs) of the κ or λ isotype to form mature antibodies capable of binding antigen. The HC/LC interaction involves 4 domains: VH and CH1 from the HC and VL and CL from the LC. Human Fabs with κ LCs have been well characterized for their unfolding behaviors and demonstrate a significant level of cooperativity and stabilization when all 4 domains are intact. Very little is known regarding the thermodynamic properties of human Fabs with λ LCs. Here, we dissect the domain contributions to Fab stability for both κ and λ LC-containing Fabs. We find the cooperativity of unfolding between the constant domains, CH1/Cλ, and variable domains, VH/Vλ, within λ LC-containing Fabs is significantly weaker than that of κ LC-containing Fabs. The data suggests there may not be an evolutionary necessity for strong variable/constant domain cooperativity within λ LC-containing Fabs. After investigating the biophysical properties of Fabs with mismatched variable and constant domain subunits (e.g., VH/Vκ paired with CH1/Cλ or T cell receptor Cα/Cβ), the major role of the constant domains for both κ- and λ-containing Fabs may be to reduce the hydrophobic exposure at the VH/VL interface. Even though Fabs with these non-native pairings were thermodynamically less stable, they secreted well from mammalian cells as well behaved monodisperse proteins, which was in contrast to what was observed with the VH/Vκ and VH/Vλ scFvs that secreted as a mixture of monomer and aggregates.

X-Ray Flare Characteristics in the B2e Star Lambda Eridani (ROSAT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.

1997-01-01

We document the results of a simultaneous wavelength monitoring on the B2e star (lambda) Eri. This campaign was carried out from ground stations and with the ROSAT, ASCA, IUE, and Voyager 2 space platforms during a week in February-March 1995; a smaller follow-up was conducted in September 1995. During the first of these intervals (lambda) Eri exhibited extraordinary wind and disk-ejection activity. The ROSAT/HRI X-ray light curves showed no large flares such as the one the ROSAT/PSCA observed in 1991. However, possible low level fluctuations in the February-March ROSAT data occurred at the same time as unusual activity in H(alpha) He I (lambda)6678, He II (lambda)1640, and the C IV doublet. For example, the hydrogen and helium lines exhibited an emission in the blue half of their profiles, probably lasting several hours. The C IV lines showed a strong high-velocity Discrete Absorption Component (DAC) accompanied by unusually strong absorption at lower velocities. The helium line activity suggests that a mass ejection occurred at the base of the wind while the strong C III (Voyager) and C IV (IUE) lines implies that shock interactions occurred in the wind flow. It is not clear that the X-ray elevations are directly related to the strong C IV absorptions because the former changed on a much more rapid timescale than absorptions in the C IV lines. Within hours of the mild X-ray flux variations found by ROSAT on February 28, the Voyager UVS observed a "ringing" that decayed over three 3-hr. cycles. The amplitude of these fluctuations was strong (50%) at (lambda)(lambda)950-1100, decreased rapidly with wavelength, and faded to nondetection longward of (lambda)1300. Various considerations indicate that these continuum variations were not due to an instrumental pathology in the UVS. Rather, they appear to be due to a time-dependent flux deficit in the (lambda)(lambda)950-1250 region. We outline a scenario in which a dense plasma structure over the star's surface is heated and cooled quasi-periodically to produce such flux changes. Observations of new examples of this phenomenon are badly needed. Amateur astronomers can make a significant contribution to its understanding by searching for ringing in light curves of Be stars during their outburst phases. Finally we draw attention to an increase in the emission of the H(alpha) line that occurred at about the time the FUV ringing started. This increased emission hints that approximately 50,000K plasma near the star's surface can influence the circumstellar disc at approximately 12R. by its increased Lyman continuum flux.

Paraplegia in a Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) due to multiple myeloma.

PubMed

Mauel, Susanne; Fritsch, Guido; Ochs, Andreas; Koch, Martin; Kershaw, Olivia; Gruber, Achim D

2009-10-01

A 38-year-old male Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) developed progressive hind leg paresis. A computed tomography scan of the vertebral column revealed soft tissue type densities within vertebral bones. At necropsy infiltrating tumor masses were found in the vertebral bodies, protruding into the spinal canal and compressing the spinal cord. Microscopically neoplastic plasma cells infiltrated the vertebral bodies and adjacent soft tissues. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells tested positive for B cell markers (CD38, CD79alpha), kappa, and lambda light chains, while vimentin, GFAP, S100, and CD138 were not expressed. The tumor was classified as multiple myeloma on the basis of radiographic, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings. This first systematic case description on multiple myeloma in a non-human primate revealed many similarities with the disease in humans and the immunohistochemical tools proved suitable for their use in the orangutan.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kantowski, Ronald; Chen Bin; Dai Xinyu, E-mail: kantowski@nhn.ou.ed, E-mail: Bin.Chen-1@ou.ed, E-mail: dai@nhn.ou.ed

We compute the deflection angle to order (m/r {sub 0}){sup 2} and m/r{sub 0} x {Lambda}r {sup 2}{sub 0} for a light ray traveling in a flat {Lambda}CDM cosmology that encounters a completely condensed mass region. We use a Swiss cheese model for the inhomogeneities and find that the most significant correction to the Einstein angle occurs not because of the nonlinear terms but instead occurs because the condensed mass is embedded in a background cosmology. The Swiss cheese model predicts a decrease in the deflection angle of {approx}2% for weakly lensed galaxies behind the rich cluster A1689 and thatmore » the reduction can be as large as {approx}5% for similar rich clusters at z {approx} 1. Weak-lensing deflection angles caused by galaxies can likewise be reduced by as much as {approx}4%. We show that the lowest order correction in which {Lambda} appears is proportional to m/r{sub 0} x {radical}({Lambda}r{sub 0}{sup 2}) and could cause as much as a {approx}0.02% increase in the deflection angle for light that passes through a rich cluster. The lowest order nonlinear correction in the mass is proportional to m/r{sub 0}x{radical}(m/r{sub 0}) and can increase the deflection angle by {approx}0.005% for weak lensing by galaxies.« less

Absolute nuclear material assay using count distribution (LAMBDA) space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prasad, Mano K.; Snyderman, Neal J.; Rowland, Mark S.

A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute nuclear material assay comprises utilizing a random sampling of analytically computed fission chain distributions to generate a continuous time-evolving sequence of event-counts by spreading the fission chain distribution in time.

Absolute nuclear material assay using count distribution (LAMBDA) space

DOEpatents

Prasad, Manoj K [Pleasanton, CA; Snyderman, Neal J [Berkeley, CA; Rowland, Mark S [Alamo, CA

2012-06-05

A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute nuclear material assay comprises utilizing a random sampling of analytically computed fission chain distributions to generate a continuous time-evolving sequence of event-counts by spreading the fission chain distribution in time.

Light Weight Silicon Mirrors for Space Instrumentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bly, Vincent T.; Hill, Peter C.; Hagopian, John G.; Strojay, Carl R.; Miller, Timothy

2012-01-01

Each mirror is a monolithic structure from a single crystal of silicon. The mirrors are light weighted after the optical surface is ground and polished. Mirrors made during the initial phase of this work were typically 1/50 lambda or better (RMS at 633 n m)

Observation of the {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryon and measurement of the properties of the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} and {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.

We report the observation of the bottom, doubly-strange baryon {omega}{sub b}{sup -} through the decay chain {omega}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{omega}{sup -}, where J/{psi}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, {omega}{sup -}{yields}{lambda}K{sup -}, and {lambda}{yields}p{pi}{sup -}, using 4.2 fb{sup -1} of data from pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV, and recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. A signal is observed whose probability of arising from a background fluctuation is 4.0x10{sup -8}, or 5.5 Gaussian standard deviations. The {omega}{sub b}{sup -} mass is measured to be 6054.4{+-}6.8(stat){+-}0.9(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}. The lifetime of the {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryon is measured to be 1.13{sub -0.40}{sup +0.53}(stat){+-}0.02(syst) ps. In addition,more » for the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} baryon we measure a mass of 5790.9{+-}2.6(stat){+-}0.8(syst) MeV/c{sup 2} and a lifetime of 1.56{sub -0.25}{sup +0.27}(stat){+-}0.02(syst) ps. Under the assumption that the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} and {omega}{sub b}{sup -} are produced with similar kinematic distributions to the {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} baryon, we find ({sigma}({xi}{sub b}{sup -})B({xi}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{xi}{sup -})/{sigma}({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}))=0.167{sub -0.025}{sup +0.037}(stat){+-}0.012(syst) and ({sigma}({omega}{sub b}{sup -})B({omega}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{omega}{sup -})/{sigma}({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}))=0.045{sub -0.012}{sup +0.017}(stat){+-} 0.004(syst) for baryons produced with transverse momentum in the range of 6-20 GeV/c.« less

Observation of the {Xi}{sub b}{sup 0} Baryon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Brucken, E.; Devoto, F.

The observation of the bottom, strange baryon {Xi}{sub b}{sup 0} through the decay chain {Xi}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{Xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, where {Xi}{sub c}{sup +}{yields}{Xi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}, {Xi}{sup -}{yields}{Lambda}{pi}{sup -}, and {Lambda}{yields}p{pi}{sup -}, is reported by using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb{sup -1} from pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. A signal of 25.3{sub -5.4}{sup +5.6} candidates is observed whose probability of arising from a background fluctuation is 3.6x10{sup -12}, corresponding to 6.8 Gaussian standard deviations. The {Xi}{sub b}{sup 0} mass is measured to be 5787.8{+-}5.0(stat){+-}1.3(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}. In addition,more » the {Xi}{sub b}{sup -} baryon is observed through the process {Xi}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}{Xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}, where {Xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{yields}{Xi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, {Xi}{sup -}{yields}{Lambda}{pi}{sup -}, and {Lambda}{yields}p{pi}{sup -}.« less

Hypernuclear Weak Decays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Itonaga, K.; Motoba, T.

The recent theoretical studies of Lambda-hypernuclear weak decaysof the nonmesonic and pi-mesonic ones are developed with the aim to disclose the link between the experimental decay observables and the underlying basic weak decay interactions and the weak decay mechanisms. The expressions of the nonmesonic decay rates Gamma_{nm} and the decay asymmetry parameter alpha_1 of protons from the polarized hypernuclei are presented in the shell model framework. We then introduce the meson theoretical Lambda N -> NN interactions which include the one-meson exchanges, the correlated-2pi exchanges, and the chiral-pair-meson exchanges. The features of meson exchange potentials and their roles on the nonmesonic decays are discussed. With the adoption of the pi + 2pi/rho + 2pi/sigma + omega + K + rhopi/a_1 + sigmapi/a_1 exchange potentials, we have carried out the systematic calculations of the nonmesonic decay observables for light-to-heavy hypernuclei. The present model can account for the available experimental data of the decay rates, Gamma_n/Gamma_p ratios, and the intrinsic asymmetry parameters alpha_Lambda (alpha_Lambda is related to alpha_1) of emitted protons well and consistently within the error bars. The hypernuclear lifetimes are evaluated by converting the total weak decay rates Gamma_{tot} = Gamma_pi + Gamma_{nm} to tau, which exhibit saturation property for the hypernuclear mass A ≥ 30 and agree grossly well with experimental data for the mass range from light to heavy hypernuclei except for the very light ones. Future extensions of the model and the remaining problems are also mentioned. The pi-mesonic weak processes are briefly surveyed, and the calculations and predictions are compared and confirmed by the recent high precision FINUDA pi-mesonic decay data. This shows that the theoretical basis seems to be firmly grounded.

Simultaneous X-ray, UV, and Optical Variations in lambda ERI (B2e)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, M. A.; Murakami, T.; Anandarao, B.

1996-12-01

We have carried out a simultaneous observing campaign on the prototypical Be star lambda Eri using ground stations and ROSAT, ASCA, IUE, and Voyager spacecrafts during the week of February-March 1995; a smaller campaign was carried out the following September. In late February lambda Eri showed extraordinary disk-wind activity. ROSAT/HRI monitoring disclosed no large flares such as ROSAT observed in 1991 in lambda Eri. Possible low amplitude fluctuations in the 1995 data occurred at the same time with unusual activity in Hα , HeI lambda 6678, HeII lambda 1640, CIII, and the CIV doublet. The helium line activity suggests that mass ejection occurred at the base of the wind. The strong CIII and CIV lines implies that shock interactions originated in the wind flow. It is not clear that the X-ray fluctuations are directly related to the increases in wind line absorption. Within hours of the mild X-ray flux variations found by ROSAT on February 28, the Voyager UVS observed a ``ringing" that decayed over three 3-hr. cycles. The amplitude of these fluctuations was large (50%) at lambda lambda 950-1100, decreased rapidly with wavelength, and faded to nondetection above lambda 1300. Various considerations indicate that these continuum variations were not due to an instrument pathology in the UVS. Rather, they appear to be due to a time-dependent flux deficit in the lambda lambda 1250 during the minima of these cycles. We outline a scenario in which dense plasma over the star's surface is alternately heated and cooled quasi-periodically to produce the flux changes. Additional examples of this new phenomenon are needed. Amateur astronomers can make a significant contribution to the understanding of flickering in Be star light curves during their outburst phases. We also draw attention to an increase in the emission of the Hα line that occurred at about the same time the FUV ringing started. This increased emission hints that ~ 50,000K plasma near the star's surface can infuence the circumstellar disc some distance away by its increased Lyman continuum flux.

Linear Polarization Measurements of Chromospheric Emission Lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Keller, C. U.

2003-01-01

We have used the Zurich Imaging Stokes Polarimeter (ZIMPOL I) with the McMath-Pierce 1.5 m main telescope on Kitt Peak to obtain linear polarization measurements of the off-limb chromosphere with a sensitivity better than 1 x 10(exp -5). We found that the off-disk observations require a combination of good seeing (to show the emission lines) and a clean heliostat (to avoid contamination by scattered light from the Sun's disk). When these conditions were met, we obtained the following principal results: 1. Sometimes self-reversed emission lines of neutral and singly ionized metals showed linear polarization caused by the transverse Zeeman effect or by instrumental cross talk from the longitudinal Zeeman effect in chromospheric magnetic fields. Otherwise, these lines tended to depolarize the scattered continuum radiation by amounts that ranged up to 0.2%. 2. Lines previously known to show scattering polarization just inside the limb (such as the Na I lambda5889 D2 and the He I lambda5876 D3 lines) showed even more polarization above the Sun's limb, with values approaching 0.7%. 3. The O I triplet at lambda7772, lambda7774, and lambda7775 showed a range of polarizations. The lambda7775 line, whose maximum intrinsic polarizability, P(sub max), is less than 1%, revealed mainly Zeeman contributions from chromospheric magnetic fields. However, the more sensitive lambda7772 (P(sub max) = 19%) and lambda7774 (P(sub max) = 29%) lines had relatively strong scattering polarizations of approximately 0.3% in addition to their Zeeman polarizations. At times of good seeing, the polarization spectra resolve into fine structures that seem to be chromospheric spicules.

Apparatus Would Position Bright Spot On Projection Screen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rayman, Marc D.

1996-01-01

Proposed apparatus aims beam of visible light at wavelength lambda(2) to create bright spot at desired position in image on projection screen. Intended to replace handheld laser and flashlight pointers lecturers sometimes use to indicate features in projected images. Beam of light cannot be inadvertently aimed toward audience.

Associated strangeness production in the pp{yields}pK{sup +}K{sup -}p and pp{yields}pK{sup +{pi}0{Sigma}0} reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie Jujun; Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001; Wilkin, Colin

2010-08-15

The total and differential cross sections for associated strangeness production in the pp{yields}pK{sup +}K{sup -}p and pp{yields}pK{sup +{pi}0{Sigma}0} reactions have been studied in a unified approach using an effective Lagrangian model. It is assumed that both the K{sup -}p and {pi}{sup 0{Sigma}0} final states originate from the decay of the {Lambda}(1405) that was formed in the production chain pp{yields}p(N*(1535){yields}K{sup +{Lambda}}(1405)). The available experimental data are well reproduced, especially the ratio of the two total cross sections, which is much less sensitive to the particular model of the entrance channel. The significant coupling of the N*(1535) to {Lambda}(1405)K is further evidencemore » for large ss-bar components in the quark wave function of the N*(1535).« less

Coupled-cavity drift-tube linac

DOEpatents

Billen, James H.

1996-01-01

A coupled-cavity drift-tube linac (CCDTL) combines features of the Alvarez drift-tube linac (DTL) and the .pi.-mode coupled-cavity linac (CCL). In one embodiment, each accelerating cavity is a two-cell, 0-mode DTL. The center-to-center distance between accelerating gaps is .beta..lambda., where .lambda. is the free-space wavelength of the resonant mode. Adjacent accelerating cavities have oppositely directed electric fields, alternating in phase by 180 degrees. The chain of cavities operates in a .pi./2 structure mode so the coupling cavities are nominally unexcited. The CCDTL configuration provides an rf structure with high shunt impedance for intermediate velocity charged particles, i.e., particles with energies in the 20-200 MeV range.

Coupled-cavity drift-tube linac

DOEpatents

Billen, J.H.

1996-11-26

A coupled-cavity drift-tube linac (CCDTL) combines features of the Alvarez drift-tube linac (DTL) and the {pi}-mode coupled-cavity linac (CCL). In one embodiment, each accelerating cavity is a two-cell, 0-mode DTL. The center-to-center distance between accelerating gaps is {beta}{lambda}, where {lambda} is the free-space wavelength of the resonant mode. Adjacent accelerating cavities have oppositely directed electric fields, alternating in phase by 180 degrees. The chain of cavities operates in a {pi}/2 structure mode so the coupling cavities are nominally unexcited. The CCDTL configuration provides an rf structure with high shunt impedance for intermediate velocity charged particles, i.e., particles with energies in the 20-200 MeV range. 5 figs.

Immature surface Ig+ B cells can continue to rearrange kappa and lambda L chain gene loci

PubMed Central

1993-01-01

Pro and pre B cells possess the long-term capacity to proliferate in vitro on stromal cells and interleukin 7 (IL-7) and can differentiate to surface immunoglobulin (sIg+) cells upon removal of IL-7 from the cultures. A key event in this differentiation is the extensive cell loss due to apoptosis. Because the proto-oncogene bcl-2 can promote cell survival, we established pre-B cell lines from E mu-bcl-2 transgenic mice. These pre-B cells have the same properties as those derived from non-bcl-2 transgenic mice except that they do not die by apoptosis. This allowed us to study the fate of newly formed B cells in vitro for a longer period of time. Here we show that early during the differentiation of pre-B cells, upregulation of RAG-1 and RAG-2 expression go hand in hand with rearrangements of the Ig gene loci. Moreover, the newly formed sIg+ B cells continue to express RAG-1 and RAG-2 and continue to rearrange L chain gene loci, even in the absence of proliferation, in an orderly fashion, so that kappa L+ sIg+ cells can become lambda L+ sIg+ or sIg- cells, whereas lambda L+ sIg+ cells can become sIg-, but not kappa L+ sIg+ cells. Thus, deposition of a complete Ig molecule on the surface of a B cell does not automatically stop the Ig-rearrangement machinery. PMID:8376934

Laser Radar Study Using Resonance Absorption for Remote Detection Of Air Pollutants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Igarashi, Takashi

1973-01-01

A laser radar using resonance absorption has an advantage of increased detection range and sensitivity compared with that achieved by Raman or resonance back scattering. In this paper, new laser radar system using resonance absorption is proposed and results obtained from this laser radar system are discussed. NO2, SO2 gas has an absorption spectrum at 4500 A and 3000 A respectively as shown in Fig. 1. A laser light including at least a set of an absorption peak (lambda)1 and a valley (lambda)2 is emitted into a pollutant atmosphere. The light reflected with a topographical reflector or an atmospheric Mie scattering as distributed reflectors is received and divided into two wavelength components (lambda)1 and (lambda)2. The laser radar system used in the investigation is shown in Fig', 2 and consists of a dye laser transmitter, an optical receiver with a special monochrometer and a digital processer. Table 1 shows the molecular constants of NO2, and SO2 and the dye laser used in this experiment. In this system, the absolute concentration of the pollutant gas can be measured in comparison with a standard gas cell. The concentration of NO2, SO2 as low as 0.1 ppm have been measured at 100 m depth resolution. For a 1 mJ laser output, the observable range of this system achieved up to 300 m using the distributed Mie reflector. The capability and technical limitation of the system will be discussed in detail.

New stable perfluoroallyl radical from perfluoro-2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentene-2 and its photoconversion reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shvedova, M.K.; Allayarov, S.R.; Barkalov, I.M.

1988-05-01

The thermally and chemically stable perfluoroally radical is formed in the radiolysis of perfluoro-2, 4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentene-2. A phototransformation of this radical into other radicals takes place under the action of UV light (/lambda/ < 300 nm) which are thermally unstable. Samples containing up to 90% FMP and 10% of its isomers were placed into ampules made of quartz or SK-4B glass, which gave to EPR signal after irradiation; the ampules were evacuated to a pressure of 0.13 Pa, frozen to 77 K, and irradiated with /sup 60/Co /lambda/-quanta at 77 K with doses up to 200 kGy. Irradiation with UV lightmore » was performed at 77 K with light from a DRSh-1000 lamp.« less

[Excitation transfer between high-lying states in K2 in collisions with ground state K and H2 molecules].

PubMed

Shen, Xiao-Yan; Liu, Jing; Dai, Kang; Shen, Yi-Fan

2010-02-01

Pure potassium vapor or K-H2 mixture was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 710 nm radiation from an OPO laser, populating K2 (1lambda(g)) state by two-photon absorption. Cross sections for 1lambda(g)-3lambda(g) transfer in K2 were determined using methods of molecular fluorescence. During the experiments with pure K vapor, the cell temperature was varied between 553 and 603 K. The K number density was determined spectroscopically by the white-light absorption measurement in the blue wing of the self-broadened resonance D2 line. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excitation and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. The decay signal of time-resolved fluorescence from1lambda(g) -->1 1sigma(u)+ transition was monitored. It was seen that just after the laser pulse the fluorescence of the photoexcited level decreased exponentially. The effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state can be resolved. The plot of reciprocal of effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state against K densities yielded the slope that indicated the total cross section for deactivation and the intercept that provided the radiative lifetime of the state. The radiative lifetime (20 +/- 2) ns was obtained. The cross section for deactivation of the K2(1lambda(g)) molecules by collisions with K is (2.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-14) cm2. The time-resolved intensities of the K23lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ (484 nm) line were measured. The radiative lifetime (16.0 +/- 3.2) ns and the total cross section (2.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(-14) cm2 for deactivation of the K2 (3lambda(g)) state can also be determined through the analogous procedure. The time-integrated intensities of 1lambda(g) --> 1 1sigma(u)+ and 3lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ transitions were measured. The cross section (1.1 +/- 0.3) x10(-14) cm2 was obtained for K2 (1lambda(g))+ K --> K2 (3lambda(g)) + K collisions. During the experiments with K-H2 mixture, the cell temperature was kept constant at 553 K. The H2 pressure was varied between 40 and 400 Pa. The effects of K2-K collisions could not be neglected. These effects were subtracted out using the results of the pure K experiments. The cross section (2.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(-15) cm2 was obtained for K2 (1lambda(g)) + H2 --> K2 (3lambda(g))+H2 collisions. The cross section is (6.8 +/- 2.7) x 10(-15) cm2 for K2 (3lambda(g)) + H2 --> states out of K2 (3lambda(g)) + H2 collisions.

Analysis of autoimmune bone marrow by antibody-phage display: somatic mutations and third complementarity-determining region arginines in anti-DNA gamma and kappa V genes.

PubMed

Seal, S N; Hoet, R M; Raats, J M; Radic, M Z

2000-09-01

To examine anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) IgG autoantibodies from the bone marrow of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A library of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) was constructed from SLE bone marrow complementary DNA of gamma, kappa, and lambda isotype by cloning into the pHENIX phagemid vector. The library was screened with dsDNA in solution, and 2 anti-DNA phage, DNA1 and DNA4, were isolated and their Ig V genes sequenced. Soluble scFv corresponding to DNA1 and DNA4, and their heavy (H)- and light (L)-chain recombinants, were prepared, purified, and analyzed for binding to DNA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DNA1 and DNA4 used different Ig H-chain (3-30 and 5-51, respectively) and L-chain (DPK15 and DPK22, respectively) V genes. The ratios of replacement mutations to silent mutations in DNA1 and DNA4 suggest that their V genes were selected for improved antigen binding in vivo. The recombinant between DNA4VH and DNA1VL showed the highest relative affinity for both single-stranded DNA and dsDNA. These 2 Ig subunits contained third complementarity-determining region arginines and had acquired the majority of replacement mutations. Anti-dsDNA IgG autoantibodies from the bone marrow of SLE patients exploit diverse V genes and cationic V-D-J and V-J junctions for DNA binding, and accumulate replacement mutations that enhance binding.

Starspot evolution, differential rotation, and magnetic cycles in the chromospherically active binaries lambda andromedae, sigma Geminorum, II Pegasi, and V711 Tauri

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henry, Gregory W.; Eaton, Joel A.; Hamer, Jamesia; Hall, Douglas S.

1995-01-01

We have analyzed 15-19 yr of photoelectric photometry, obtained manually and with automated telescopes, of the chromospherically active binaries lambda And, sigma Gem, II Peg, and V711 Tau. These observations let us identify individual dark starspots on the stellar surfaces from periodic dimming of the starlight, follow the evolution of these spots, and search for long-term cyclic changes in the properties of these starspots that might reveal magnetic cycles analogous to the Sun's 11 yr sunspot cycle. We developed a computer code to fit a simple two-spot model to our observed light curves that allows us to extract the most easily determinable and most reliable spot parameters from the light curves, i.e., spot longitudes and radii. We then used these measured properties to identify individual spots and to chart their life histories by constructing migration and amplitude curves. We identified and followed 11 spots in lambda And, 16 in sigma Gem, 12 in II Peg, and 15 in V711 Tau. Lifetimes of individual spots ranged from a few months to longer than 6 yr. Differential rotation coefficients, estimated from the observed range of spot rotation periods for each star and defined by equation (2), were 0.04 for lambda And, 0.038 for sigma Gem, 0.005 for II Peg, and 0.006 for V711 Tau, versus 0.19 for the Sun. We searched for cyclic changes in mean brightness, B-V color index, and spot rotation period as evidence for long-term cycles. Of these, long-term variability in mean brightness appears to offer the best evidence for such cycles in these four stars. Cycles of 11.1 yr for lambda And, 8.5 yr for sigma Gem, 11 yr for II Peg, and 16 yr V711 Tau are implied by these mean brightness changes. Cyclic changes in spot rotation period were found in lambda And and possibly II Peg. Errors in B-V were too large for any long-term changes to be detectable.

Diffuse interstellar bands in reflection nebulae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fischer, O.; Henning, Thomas; Pfau, Werner; Stognienko, R.

1994-01-01

A Monte Carlo code for radiation transport calculations is used to compare the profiles of the lambda lambda 5780 and 6613 Angstrom diffuse interstellar bands in the transmitted and the reflected light of a star embedded within an optically thin dust cloud. In addition, the behavior of polarization across the bands were calculated. The wavelength dependent complex indices of refraction across the bands were derived from the embedded cavity model. In view of the existence of different families of diffuse interstellar bands the question of other parameters of influence is addressed in short.

Adaptive spatial filtering using photochromic glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potton, R. J.

1999-12-01

Commercially available photochromic glasses exhibit a wide range of spectral sensitivities and darkening response times. Short wavelengths are more effective than long ones for causing darkening but at least one type of glass is effectively darkened by red light (icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/> = 633 nm) with an intensity of about 1 kW m-2. Used as adaptive spatial filters, these glasses attenuate a wavefront by an amount that depends on their recent exposure to light. One type of optical processing that can be performed with such filters is drift nulling in an interferometer excited by light of a wavelength within the sensitivity spectrum of the photochrome. This form of processing has been demonstrated by dithering the speckle pattern in a single-fibre multimode interferometer. The dither allows phase-sensitive detection techniques to be used in the detection of signal-induced phase variations in a frequency band extending from the inverse response time of the photochrome to the dither frequency.

Study on improving the turbidity measurement of the absolute coagulation rate constant.

PubMed

Sun, Zhiwei; Liu, Jie; Xu, Shenghua

2006-05-23

The existing theories dealing with the evaluation of the absolute coagulation rate constant by turbidity measurement were experimentally tested for different particle-sized (radius = a) suspensions at incident wavelengths (lambda) ranging from near-infrared to ultraviolet light. When the size parameter alpha = 2pi a/lambda > 3, the rate constant data from previous theories for fixed-sized particles show significant inconsistencies at different light wavelengths. We attribute this problem to the imperfection of these theories in describing the light scattering from doublets through their evaluation of the extinction cross section. The evaluations of the rate constants by all previous theories become untenable as the size parameter increases and therefore hampers the applicable range of the turbidity measurement. By using the T-matrix method, we present a robust solution for evaluating the extinction cross section of doublets formed in the aggregation. Our experiments show that this new approach is effective in extending the applicability range of the turbidity methodology and increasing measurement accuracy.

Turbulent drag reduction and degradation of DNA.

PubMed

Choi, H J; Lim, S T; Lai, Pik-Yin; Chan, C K

2002-08-19

Turbulent drag reduction induced by lambda-DNA is studied. The double-stranded DNA is found to be a good drag reducer when compared with the other normal linear polymers. However, this drag reducing power disappears when the DNA denatures to form two single-strand molecules. Mechanical degradation of DNA is also different from that of the normal linear-chain polymers: DNA is always cut in half by the turbulence. Our results suggest that the mechanism for turbulent degradation of DNA is different from that of the normal flexible long-chain polymers.

Optical fiber sensor having an active core

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Egalon, Claudio Oliveira (Inventor); Rogowski, Robert S. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

An optical fiber is provided. The fiber is comprised of an active fiber core which produces waves of light upon excitation. A factor ka is identified and increased until a desired improvement in power efficiency is obtained. The variable a is the radius of the active fiber core and k is defined as 2 pi/lambda wherein lambda is the wavelength of the light produced by the active fiber core. In one embodiment, the factor ka is increased until the power efficiency stabilizes. In addition to a bare fiber core embodiment, a two-stage fluorescent fiber is provided wherein an active cladding surrounds a portion of the active fiber core having an improved ka factor. The power efficiency of the embodiment is further improved by increasing a difference between the respective indices of refraction of the active cladding and the active fiber core.

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibody against melatonin.

PubMed

Soukhtanloo, Mohammad; Ansari, Mohammad; Paknejad, Maliheh; Parizadeh, Mohammad Reza; Rasaee, Mohammad Javad

2008-06-01

Anti-melatonin monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were prepared following coupling melatonin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by Mannich reaction. Balb/c mice were immunized via injection of the melatonin-BSA intraperitonally. The spleen cells producing high titer of antibody were fused with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. After two limiting dilutions, two stable clones (AS-H10 and AS-D26) exhibiting best properties were selected for further studies. The class and subclass of two MAbs were found to be IgG(1) and IgG(2a) with lambda and kappa light chains, respectively. Antibodies secreted by these two clones showed high affinity of about 10(9)M(1). Study of the specificity criteria showed that these clones had no cross reactivity with indolic, aromatic, and imidazole ring-containing compounds, and had high specificity towards melatonin. The calibration curve was constructed with a sensitivity range of 10 ng/mL to 10 microg/mL. In conclusion, these MAbs may be useful for immunoassay of melatonin.

In situ measurement of inelastic light scattering in natural waters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Chuanmin

Variation in the shape of solar absorption (Fraunhofer) lines are used to study the inelastic scattering in natural waters. In addition, oxygen absorption lines near 689nm are used to study the solar stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence. The prototype Oceanic Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (OFLD) has been further developed and improved by using a well protected fiber optic - wire conductor cable and underwater electronic housing. A Monte-Carlo code and a simple code have been modified to simulate the Raman scattering, DOM fluorescence and chlorophyll fluorescence. A series of in situ measurements have been conducted in clear ocean waters in the Florida Straits, in the turbid waters of Florida Bay, and in the vicinity of a coral reef in the Dry Tortugas. By comparing the reduced data with the model simulation results, the Raman scattering coefficient, b r with an excitation wavelength at 488nm, has been verified to be 2.6 × 10-4m-1 (Marshall and Smith, 1990), as opposed to 14.4 × 10- 4m-1 (Slusher and Derr, 1975). The wavelength dependence of b r cannot be accurately determined from the data set as the reported values (λ m-4 to λ m- 5) have an insignificant effect in the natural underwater light field. Generally, in clear water, the percentage of inelastic scattered light in the total light field at /lambda < 510nm is negligible for the whole water column, and this percentage increases with depth at /lambda > 510nm. At low concentrations (a y(/lambda = 380nm) less than 0.1m-1), DOM fluorescence plays a small role in the inelastic light field. However, chlorophyll fluorescence is much stronger than Raman scattering at 685nm. In shallow waters where a sea bottom affects the ambient light field, inelastic light is negligible for the whole visible band. Since Raman scattering is now well characterized, the new OFLD can be used to measure the solar stimulated in situ fluorescence. As a result, the fluorescence signals of various bottom surfaces, from coral to macrophytes, have been measured and have been found to vary with time possibly due to nonphotochemical quenching and photoinhibition.

Phase shifting interferometer

DOEpatents

Sommargren, Gary E.

1999-01-01

An interferometer which has the capability of measuring optical elements and systems with an accuracy of .lambda./1000 where .lambda. is the wavelength of visible light. Whereas current interferometers employ a reference surface, which inherently limits the accuracy of the measurement to about .lambda./50, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical reference wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. Whereas current interferometers illuminate the optic to be tested with an aberrated wavefront which also limits the accuracy of the measurement, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical measurement wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. This interferometer is adjustable to give unity fringe visibility, which maximizes the signal-to-noise, and has the means to introduce a controlled prescribed relative phase shift between the reference wavefront and the wavefront from the optics under test, which permits analysis of the interference fringe pattern using standard phase extraction algorithms.

Phase shifting interferometer

DOEpatents

Sommargren, G.E.

1999-08-03

An interferometer is disclosed which has the capability of measuring optical elements and systems with an accuracy of {lambda}/1000 where {lambda} is the wavelength of visible light. Whereas current interferometers employ a reference surface, which inherently limits the accuracy of the measurement to about {lambda}/50, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical reference wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. Whereas current interferometers illuminate the optic to be tested with an aberrated wavefront which also limits the accuracy of the measurement, this interferometer uses an essentially perfect spherical measurement wavefront generated by the fundamental process of diffraction. This interferometer is adjustable to give unity fringe visibility, which maximizes the signal-to-noise, and has the means to introduce a controlled prescribed relative phase shift between the reference wavefront and the wavefront from the optics under test, which permits analysis of the interference fringe pattern using standard phase extraction algorithms. 11 figs.

Study of. lambda. parameters and crossover phenomena in SU(N) x SU(N) sigma models in two dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shigemitsu, J; Kogut, J B

1981-01-01

The spin system analogues of recent studies of the string tension and ..lambda.. parameters of SU(N) gauge theories in 4 dimensions are carried out for the SU(N) x SU(N) and O(N) models in 2 dimensions. The relations between the ..lambda.. parameters of both the Euclidean and Hamiltonian formulation of the lattice models and the ..lambda.. parameter of the continuum models are obtained. The one loop finite renormalization of the speed of light in the lattice Hamiltonian formulations of the O(N) and SU(N) x SU(N) models is calculated. Strong coupling calculations of the mass gaps of these spin models are donemore » for all N and the constants of proportionality between the gap and the ..lambda.. parameter of the continuum models are obtained. These results are contrasted with similar calculations for the SU(N) gauge models in 3+1 dimensions. Identifying suitable coupling constants for discussing the N ..-->.. infinity limits, the numerical results suggest that the crossover from weak to strong coupling in the lattice O(N) models becomes less abrupt as N increases while the crossover for the SU(N) x SU(N) models becomes more abrupt. The crossover in SU(N) gauge theories also becomes more abrupt with increasing N, however, at an even greater rate than in the SU(N) x SU(N) spin models.« less

[Modeling asthma evolution by a multi-state model].

PubMed

Boudemaghe, T; Daurès, J P

2000-06-01

There are many scores for the evaluation of asthma. However, most do not take into account the evolutionary aspects of this illness. We propose a model for the clinical course of asthma by a homogeneous Markov model process based on data provided by the A.R.I.A. (Association de Recherche en Intelligence Artificielle dans le cadre de l'asthme et des maladies respiratoires). The criterion used is the activity of the illness during the month before consultation. The activity is divided into three levels: light (state 1), mild (state 2) and severe (state 3). The model allows the evaluation of the strength of transition between states. We found that strong intensities were implicated towards state 2 (lambda(12) and lambda(32)), less towards state 1 (lambda(21) and lambda(31)), and minimum towards state 3 (lambda(23)). This results in an equilibrium distribution essentially divided between state 1 and 2 (44.6% and 51.0% respectively) with a small proportion in state 3 (4.4%). In the future, the increasing amount of available data should permit the introduction of covariables, the distinction of subgroups and the implementation of clinical studies. The interest of this model falls within the domain of the quantification of the illness as well as the representation allowed thereof, while offering a formal framework for the clinical notion of time and evolution.

Myosin light chains: Teaching old dogs new tricks

PubMed Central

Heissler, Sarah M; Sellers, James R

2014-01-01

The myosin holoenzyme is a multimeric protein complex consisting of heavy chains and light chains. Myosin light chains are calmodulin family members which are crucially involved in the mechanoenzymatic function of the myosin holoenzyme. This review examines the diversity of light chains within the myosin superfamily, discusses interactions between the light chain and the myosin heavy chain as well as regulatory and structural functions of the light chain as a subunit of the myosin holoenzyme. It covers aspects of the myosin light chain in the localization of the myosin holoenzyme, protein-protein interactions and light chain binding to non-myosin binding partners. Finally, this review challenges the dogma that myosin regulatory and essential light chain exclusively associate with conventional myosin heavy chains while unconventional myosin heavy chains usually associate with calmodulin. PMID:26155737

Determination of molecular weight of membrane proteins by the use of low-angle laser light scattering combined with high-performance gel chromatography in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant.

PubMed

Maezawa, S; Hayashi, Y; Nakae, T; Ishii, J; Kameyama, K; Takagi, T

1983-09-28

An assessment study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the low-angle laser light scattering technique combined with high-performance gel chromatography in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, octaethyleneglycol n-dodecyl ether, precision differential refractometry and ultraviolet photometry. It was found that the combined technique is highly promising as a method for the determination of the molecular weight of a membrane protein solubilized by the surfactant. For trial, molecular weights of the following membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, both solubilized in oligomeric forms, were measured; porin that forms the transmembrane diffusion pore in the outer membrane, and lambda-receptor protein that facilitates the diffusion of maltose-maltodextrins across the outer membrane. The result obtained indicates that both porin and lambda-receptor protein exist as trimers in the surfactant solution.

Plant photomorphogenesis and canopy growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ballare, Carlos L.; Scopel, Ana L.

1994-01-01

An important motivation for studying photomorphogenesis is to understand the relationships among plant photophysiology in canopies, canopy productivity, and agronomic yield. This understanding is essential to optimize lighting systems used for plant farming in controlled environments (CE) and for the design of genetically engineered crop strains with altered photoresponses. This article provides an overview of some basic principles of plant photomorphogenesis in canopies and discusses their implications for (1) scaling up information on plant photophysiology from individual plants in CE to whole canopies in the field, and (2) designing lighting conditions to increase plant productivity in CE used for agronomic purposes (e.g. space farming in CE Life Support Systems). We concentrate on the visible (lambda between 400 and 700 nm) and far-infrared (FR; lambda greater than 700 nm) spectral regions, since the ultraviolet (UV; 280 to 400 nm) is covered by other authors in this volume.

Plant photomorphogenesis and canopy growth

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ballare, C.L.; Scopel, A.L.

1994-12-31

An important motivation for studying photomorphogenesis is to understand the relationships among plant photophysiology in canopies, canopy productivity, and agronomic yield. This understanding is essential to optimize lighting systems used for plant farming in controlled environments (CE) and for the design of genetically engineered crop strains with altered photoresponses. This article provides an overview of some basic principles of plant photomorphogenesis in canopies and discusses their implications for (1) scaling up information on plant photophysiology from individual plants in CE to whole canopies in the field, and (2), designing lighting conditions to increase plant productivity in CE used for agronomicmore » purposes [e.g. space farming in CE Life-Support-Systems]. We concentrate on the visible ({lambda} between 400 and 700 nm) and far red (FR; {lambda} > 700 nm) spectral regions, since the ultraviolet (UV; 280 to 400 nm) is covered by other authors in this volume.« less

Cybernetic group method of data handling (GMDH) statistical learning for hyperspectral remote sensing inverse problems in coastal ocean optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filippi, Anthony Matthew

For complex systems, sufficient a priori knowledge is often lacking about the mathematical or empirical relationship between cause and effect or between inputs and outputs of a given system. Automated machine learning may offer a useful solution in such cases. Coastal marine optical environments represent such a case, as the optical remote sensing inverse problem remains largely unsolved. A self-organizing, cybernetic mathematical modeling approach known as the group method of data handling (GMDH), a type of statistical learning network (SLN), was used to generate explicit spectral inversion models for optically shallow coastal waters. Optically shallow water light fields represent a particularly difficult challenge in oceanographic remote sensing. Several algorithm-input data treatment combinations were utilized in multiple experiments to automatically generate inverse solutions for various inherent optical property (IOP), bottom optical property (BOP), constituent concentration, and bottom depth estimations. The objective was to identify the optimal remote-sensing reflectance Rrs(lambda) inversion algorithm. The GMDH also has the potential of inductive discovery of physical hydro-optical laws. Simulated data were used to develop generalized, quasi-universal relationships. The Hydrolight numerical forward model, based on radiative transfer theory, was used to compute simulated above-water remote-sensing reflectance Rrs(lambda) psuedodata, matching the spectral channels and resolution of the experimental Naval Research Laboratory Ocean PHILLS (Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy) sensor. The input-output pairs were for GMDH and artificial neural network (ANN) model development, the latter of which was used as a baseline, or control, algorithm. Both types of models were applied to in situ and aircraft data. Also, in situ spectroradiometer-derived Rrs(lambda) were used as input to an optimization-based inversion procedure. Target variables included bottom depth z b, chlorophyll a concentration [chl- a], spectral bottom irradiance reflectance Rb(lambda), and spectral total absorption a(lambda) and spectral total backscattering bb(lambda) coefficients. When applying the cybernetic and neural models to in situ HyperTSRB-derived Rrs, the difference in the means of the absolute error of the inversion estimates for zb was significant (alpha = 0.05). GMDH yielded significantly better zb than the ANN. The ANN model posted a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.62214 m, compared with 0.55161 m for GMDH.

PARASITIC INTERFERENCE IN LONG BASELINE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY: REQUIREMENTS FOR HOT JUPITER-LIKE PLANET DETECTION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matter, A.; Lopez, B.; Lagarde, S.

2009-12-01

The observable quantities in optical interferometry, which are the modulus and the phase of the complex visibility, may be corrupted by parasitic fringes superimposed on the genuine fringe pattern. These fringes are due to an interference phenomenon occurring from stray light effects inside an interferometric instrument. We developed an analytical approach to better understand this phenomenon when stray light causes cross talk between beams. We deduced that the parasitic interference significantly affects the interferometric phase and thus the associated observables including the differential phase and the closure phase. The amount of parasitic flux coupled to the piston between beams appearsmore » to be very influential in this degradation. For instance, considering a point-like source and a piston ranging from lambda/500 to lambda/5 in the L band (lambda = 3.5 mum), a parasitic flux of about 1% of the total flux produces a parasitic phase reaching at most one-third of the intrinsic phase. The piston, which can have different origins (instrumental stability, atmospheric perturbations, etc.), thus amplifies the effect of parasitic interference. According to the specifications of piston correction in space or at ground level (respectively lambda/500 approx 2 nm and lambda/30 approx 100 nm), the detection of hot Jupiter-like planets, one of the most challenging aims for current ground-based interferometers, limits parasitic radiation to about 5% of the incident intensity. This was evaluated by considering different types of hot Jupiter synthetic spectra. Otherwise, if no fringe tracking is used, the detection of a typical hot Jupiter-like system with a solar-like star would admit a maximum level of parasitic intensity of 0.01% for piston errors equal to lambda/15. If the fringe tracking specifications are not precisely observed, it thus appears that the allowed level of parasitic intensity dramatically decreases and may prevent the detection. In parallel, the calibration of the parasitic phase by a reference star, at this accuracy level, seems very difficult. Moreover, since parasitic phase is an object-dependent quantity, the use of a hypothetical phase abacus, directly giving the parasitic phase from a given parasitic flux level, is also impossible. Some instrumental solutions, implemented at the instrument design stage for limiting or preventing this parasitic interference, appear to be crucial and are presented in this paper.« less

A green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid solution phosphor Sr[subscript 2]Ba(AlO[subscript 4]F)[subscript 1;#8722;x](SiO[subscript 5])x:Ce[superscript 3+] for thermally stable, high color rendition solid state white lighting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Denault, Kristin A.; George, Nathan C.; Paden, Sara R.

2012-10-23

A near-UV excited, oxyfluoride phosphor solid solution Sr{sub 1.975}Ce{sub 0.025}Ba(AlO{sub 4}F){sub 1-x}(SiO{sub 5}){sub x} has been developed for solid state white lighting applications. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce{sup 3+} activator ions through a combination of density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance, points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The maximum emission wavelength can be tuned from green ({lambda}{sub em} = 523 nm) to yellow ({lambda}{sub em} = 552 nm) by tuning themore » composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70 {+-} 5% for some of the examples in the series. Excellent thermal properties were found for the x = 0.5 sample, with the photoluminescence intensity at 160 C only decreased to 82% of its room temperature value. Phosphor-converted LED devices fabricated using an InGaN LED ({lambda}{sub max} = 400 nm) exhibit high color rendering white light with R{sub a} = 70 and a correlated color temperature near 7000 K. The value of R{sub a} could be raised to 90 by the addition of a red component, and the correlated color temperature lowered to near 4000 K.« less

Studies of porphyrin-containing specimens using an optical spectrometer connected to a confocal scanning laser microscope.

PubMed

Trepte, O; Rokahr, I; Andersson-Engels, S; Carlsson, K

1994-12-01

A spectrometer has been developed for use with a confocal scanning laser microscope. With this unit, spectral information from a single point or a user-defined region within the microscope specimen can be recorded. A glass prism is used to disperse the spectral components of the recorded light over a linear CCD photodiode array with 256 elements. A regulated cooling unit keeps the detector at 277 K, thereby allowing integration times of up to 60 s. The spectral resolving power, lambda/delta lambda, ranges from 350 at lambda = 400 nm to 100 at lambda = 700 nm. Since the entrance aperture of the spectrometer has the same size as the detector pinhole used during normal confocal scanning, the three-dimensional spatial resolution is equivalent to that of normal confocal scanning. Light from the specimen is deflected to the spectrometer by a solenoid controlled mirror, allowing fast and easy switching between normal confocal scanning and spectrometer readings. With this equipment, studies of rodent liver specimens containing porphyrins have been made. The subcellular localization is of interest for the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumours. Spectroscopic detection is necessary to distinguish the porphyrin signal from other fluorescent components in the specimen. Two different substances were administered to the tissue, Photofrin, a haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and delta-amino levulinic acid (ALA), a precursor to protoporphyrin IX and haem in the haem cycle. Both are substances under clinical trials for PDT of malignant tumours. Following administration of these compounds to the tissue, the potent photosensitizer and fluorescent compound Photofrin, or protoporphyrin IX, respectively, is accumulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dual color microscopic imagery of cells expressing the green fluorescent protein and a red-shifted variant.

PubMed

Yang, T T; Kain, S R; Kitts, P; Kondepudi, A; Yang, M M; Youvan, D C

1996-01-01

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria, has become a versatile reporter for monitoring gene expression and protein localization in a variety of cells and organisms. GFP emits bright green light (lambda max = 510 nm) when excited with ultraviolet (UV) or blue light (lambda max = 395 nm, minor peak at 470 nm). The chromophore in GFP is intrinsic to the primary structure of the protein, and fluorescence from GFP does not require additional gene products, substrates or other factors. GFP fluorescence is stable, species-independent and can be monitored noninvasively using the techniques of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry [Chalfie et al., Science 263 (1994) 802-805; Stearns, Curr. Biol. 5 (1995) 262-264]. The protein appears to undergo an autocatalytic reaction to create the fluorophore [Heim et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 12501-12504] in a process involving cyclization of a Tyr66 aa residue. Recently [Delagrave et al., Bio/Technology 13 (1995) 151-154], a combinatorial mutagenic strategy was targeted at aa 64 through 69, which spans the chromophore of A. victoria GFP, yielding a number of different mutants with red-shifted fluorescence excitation spectra. One of these, RSGFP4, retains the characteristic green emission spectra (lambda max = 505 nm), but has a single excitation peak (lambda max = 490 nm). The fluorescence properties of RSGFP4 are similar to those of another naturally occurring GFP from the sea pansy, Renilla reniformis [Ward and Cormier, Photobiochem. Photobiol. 27 (1978) 389-396]. In the present study, we demonstrate by fluorescence microscopy that selective excitation of A. victoria GFP and RSGFP4 allows for spectral separation of each fluorescent signal, and provides the means to image these signals independently in a mixed population of bacteria or mammalian cells.

Absorption and Attenuation Coefficients Using the WET Labs ac-s in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Field Measurements and Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ohi, Nobuaki; Makinen, Carla P.; Mitchell, Richard; Moisan, Tiffany A.

2008-01-01

Ocean color algorithms are based on the parameterization of apparent optical properties as a function of inherent optical properties. WET Labs underwater absorption and attenuation meters (ac-9 and ac-s) measure both the spectral beam attenuation [c (lambda)] and absorption coefficient [a (lambda)]. The ac-s reports in a continuous range of 390-750 nm with a band pass of 4 nm, totaling approximately 83 distinct wavelengths, while the ac-9 reports at 9 wavelengths. We performed the ac-s field measurements at nine stations in the Mid-Atlantic Bight from water calibrations to data analysis. Onboard the ship, the ac-s was calibrated daily using Milli Q-water. Corrections for the in situ temperature and salinity effects on optical properties of water were applied. Corrections for incomplete recovery of the scattered light in the ac-s absorption tube were performed. The fine scale of spectral and vertical distributions of c (lambda) and a (lambda) were described from the ac-s. The significant relationships between a (674) and that of spectrophotometric analysis and chlorophyll a concentration of discrete water samples were observed.

Mutation Pattern of Paired Immunoglobulin Heavy and Light Variable Domains in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells

PubMed Central

Ghiotto, Fabio; Marcatili, Paolo; Tenca, Claudya; Calevo, Maria Grazia; Yan, Xiao-Jie; Albesiano, Emilia; Bagnara, Davide; Colombo, Monica; Cutrona, Giovanna; Chu, Charles C; Morabito, Fortunato; Bruno, Silvia; Ferrarini, Manlio; Tramontano, Anna; Fais, Franco; Chiorazzi, Nicholas

2011-01-01

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients display leukemic clones bearing either germline or somatically mutated immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV ) genes. Most information on CLL immunoglobulins (Igs), such as the definition of stereotyped B-cell receptors (BCRs), was derived from germline unmutated Igs. In particular, detailed studies on the distribution and nature of mutations in paired heavy- and light-chain domains of CLL clones bearing mutated Igs are lacking. To address the somatic hyper-mutation dynamics of CLL Igs, we analyzed the mutation pattern of paired IGHV–diversity-joining (IGHV-D-J ) and immunoglobulin kappa/lambda variable-joining (IGK/LV-J ) rearrangements of 193 leukemic clones that displayed ≥2% mutations in at least one of the two immunoglobulin variable (IGV ) genes (IGHV and/or IGK/LV ). The relationship between the mutation frequency in IGHV and IGK/LV complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and framework regions (FRs) was evaluated by correlation analysis. Replacement (R) mutation frequency within IGK/LV chain CDRs correlated significantly with mutation frequency of paired IGHV CDRs in λ but not κ isotype CLL clones. CDRs of IGKV-J rearrangements displayed a lower percentage of R mutations than IGHVs. The frequency/pattern of mutations in kappa CLL Igs differed also from that in κ-expressing normal B cells described in the literature. Instead, the mutation frequency within the FRs of IGHV and either IGKV or IGLV was correlated. Notably, the amount of diversity introduced by replaced amino acids was comparable between IGHVs and IGKVs. The data indicate a different mutation pattern between κ and λ isotype CLL clones and suggest an antigenic selection that, in κ samples, operates against CDR variation. PMID:21785810

Clonal B-cell population in a reactive lymph node in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PubMed

Cozzolino, Immacolata; Nappa, Salvatore; Picardi, Marco; De Renzo, Amalia; Troncone, Giancarlo; Palombini, Lucio; Zeppa, Pio

2009-12-01

A 40-year-old female, HIV positive, stage C, since 4 years, complained of a right cervical lymph node swelling. Two years before, the patient had been diagnosed with follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL); she had been treated with four cycles of multiagent chemotherapy plus rituximab, the last cycle being administered 10 months before coming to our attention. An ultrasound (US) guided fine-needle cytology (FNC) showed an atypical lymphoid cell proliferation. The phenotype evidenced by flow cytometry (FC) analysis was D5: 10%, CD19: 49%, CD23: 10%, FMC7: 0%, CD10: 40%, CD10/19: 40%, lambda light chain 40%, kappa light chain 0%. FDG-positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan showed positivity in the corresponding cervical area. Since low LDH values and a reduced lymph node size were observed, the lymph node was therefore excised; the histology revealed a reactive hyperplastic lymph node with florid follicular pattern. A subsequent PCR analysis, performed on DNA extracted from a whole histological section, did not evidence IgH rearrangement. The patient is currently undergoing strict clinical and instrumental follow-up, including PET every 3 months; after 13 months, she is alive without recurrence of lymphoma. Clonal B-cell populations in non-lymphomatous processes have been described in mucosa-associated lymphoid cell populations and reactive lymph nodes, and are considered non-malignant, antigen driven, proliferations of B-lymphocytes determined by an abnormal response to bacterial or viral antigen stimulation. The present case occurred in an HIV patient and was clinically complex because of the patient's history of FL. This experience suggests much attention in the evaluation of radiological, cytological, and FC data and in clinical correlation in patients suffering from autoimmune or immunodeficiency syndromes.

Association of plasma cell subsets in the bone marrow and free light chain concentrations in the serum of monoclonal gammopathy patients.

PubMed

Ayliffe, Michael John; Behrens, Judith; Stern, Simon; Sumar, Nazira

2012-08-01

This study investigated bone marrow plasma cell subsets and monoclonal free light chain concentrations in blood of monoclonal gammopathy patients. 54 bone marrow samples were stained by double immunofluorescence to enumerate cellular subsets making either intact monoclonal immunoglobulin or free light chains only. Blood taken at the same time was assayed for free light chains by an automated immunoassay. Patients were assigned to three cellular population categories: single intact monoclonal immunoglobulin (59%), dual monoclonal immunoglobulin and free light chain only (31%), or single free light chain only (9%). The median affected free light chain concentration of each group was 75 mg/l, 903 mg/l and 3320 mg/l, respectively, but with substantial overlap. In myeloma patients the difference in serum free light chain concentrations between patients with free light chain only marrow cells and those without was statistically significant. Serum free light chain levels >600 mg/l result mostly from marrow cells restricted to free light chain production.

DNA-psoralen interaction: a single molecule experiment.

PubMed

Rocha, M S; Viana, N B; Mesquita, O N

2004-11-15

By attaching one end of a single lambda-DNA molecule to a microscope coverslip and the other end to a polystyrene microsphere trapped by an optical tweezers, we can study the entropic elasticity of the lambda-DNA by measuring force versus extension as we stretch the molecule. This powerful method permits single molecule studies. We are particularly interested in the effects of the photosensitive drug psoralen on the elasticity of the DNA molecule. We have illuminated the sample with different light sources, studying how the different wavelengths affect the psoralen-DNA linkage. To do this, we measure the persistence length of individual DNA-psoralen complexes.

Observation of the $$\\Xi_b^0$$ Baryon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; /Helsinki Inst. of Phys.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.

The observation of the bottom, strange baryon {Xi}{sup 0}{sub b} through the decay chain {Xi}{sup 0}{sub b} {yields} {Xi}{sup +}{sub c} {pi}{sup -}, where {Xi}{sup +}{sub c} {yields} {Xi}{sup -} {pi}{sup +} {pi}{sup +}, {Xi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda} {yields} p {pi}{sup -}, is reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 ft{sup -1} from p{anti p} collisions at {radical}{ovr s} = 1.96 TeV recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. A signal of 25.3{sup +5.6}{sub -5.4} candidates is observed whose probability of arising from a background fluctuation is 3.6 x 10{sup -12}, corresponding to 6.8 Gaussian standard deviations.more » The {Xi}{sup 0}{sub b} mass is measured to be 5787.8 {+-} 5.0(stat) {+-} 1.3(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}. In addition, the {Xi}{sup -}{sub b} is observed through the process {Xi}{sup -}{sub b} {yields} {Xi}{sup 0}{sub c} {pi}{sup -}, where {Xi}{sup 0}{sub c} {yields} {Xi}{sup -} {pi}{sup +}, {Xi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda} {pi}{sup -}, and {Lambda} {yields} p {pi}{sup -}.« less

Tuning of gold nanoclusters sensing applications with bovine serum albumin and bromelain for detection of Hg2+ ion and lambda-cyhalothrin via fluorescence turn-off and on mechanisms.

PubMed

Bhamore, Jigna R; Jha, Sanjay; Basu, Hirakendu; Singhal, Rakesh Kumar; Murthy, Z V P; Kailasa, Suresh Kumar

2018-04-01

Herein, fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were obtained by one-pot synthetic method using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bromelain as templates. As-synthesized fluorescent Au NCs were stable and showed bright red fluorescence under UV lamp at 365 nm. The fluorescent Au NCs exhibit the emission intensity at 648 nm when excited at 498 nm. Various techniques were used such as spectroscopy (UV-visible, fluorescence, and Fourier-transform infrared), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering for the characterization of fluorescent Au NCs. The values of I 0 /I at 648 nm are proportional to the concentrations of Hg 2+ ion in the range from 0.00075 to 5.0 μM and of lambda-cyhalothrin in the range from 0.01 to 10 μM with detection limits of 0.0003 and 0.0075 μM for Hg 2+ ion and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The practical application of the probe was successfully demonstrated by analyzing Hg 2+ ion and lambda-cyhalothrin in water samples. In addition, Au NCs used as probes for imaging of Simplicillium fungal cells. These results indicated that the as-synthesized Au NCs have proven to be promising fluorescent material for the sensing of Hg 2+ ion and lambda-cyhalothrin in environmental and for imaging of microorganism cells in biomedical applications.

Solar cycle dependence of the sun's radius at lambda = 525.0 nm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ulrich, Roger K.; Bertello, L.

1995-01-01

The Mount Wilson (California) synoptic program of solar magnetic observations scans the solar disk between 1 and 20 times per day. As part of this program, the radius is determined as an average distance between the image center and the point where the intensity in the FeI line at lambda = 525.0 nm drops to 25 percent of its value at the disk's center. The data base of information was analyzed and corrected for effects such as scattered light and atmospheric reflection. The solar variability and the measurement techniques are described. The observation data sets, the corrections made to the data, and the observed variations, are discussed. It is stated that similar spectral lines at lambda = 525.0 nm, which are common in the solar spectrum, probably exhibit similar radius changes. All portions of the sun are weighted equally so that it is concluded that, within spectral lines, the radiating area of the sun is increased at the solar maximum.

Temporal variation of the Jovian H I Lyman-alpha emission /1979-1982/

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skinner, T. E.; Durrance, S. T.; Feldman, P. D.; Moos, H. W.

1983-01-01

Observations of the Jovian H I Lyman-alpha emission have been made with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observatory beginning in 1978 December, just before the time of the Voyager encounters, and extending through 1982 January. A nearly constant disk center brightness of about 8.5 kilorayleighs is observed for the central meridian longitude range lambda(III) = 200 to 360 deg and a variable brightness of between 9 and 15 kilorayleighs is found for the range lambda(III) = 50 to 150 deg. These brightness values have persisted throughout the three years of observation, and the hydrogen bulge near lambda(III) = 100 deg appears to be a fixed feature of the Jovian atmosphere. These results indicate that no substantial changes in the Jovian atomic hydrogen concentration or the average atmospheric conditions have taken place between the time immediately preceding the Voyager encounters and the present. The question of Jovian Lyman-alpha variability prior to 1978 is reexamined in the light of the IUE results.

END STAGE CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS: PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL TO CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION AND LONG TERM OUTCOMES

PubMed Central

Gilstrap, Lauren Gray; Niehaus, Emily; Malhotra, Rajeev; Ton, Van-Khue; Watts, James; Seldin, David C.; Madsen, Joren C.; Semigran, Marc J.

2013-01-01

Background Orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) followed by myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been successful in the treatment of light chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of survival to OHT in patients with end stage heart failure due to AL amyloidosis, and compare post-OHT survival of cardiac amyloid patients to that of other cardiomyopathy patients undergoing OHT. Methods From January 2000 to June 2011, 31 patients with end stage heart failure secondary to AL amyloidosis were listed for OHT at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses identified predictors of survival to OHT. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared survival between MGH amyloidosis patients and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) non-amyloid cardiomyopathy patients. Results Low body mass index (BMI) was the only predictor of survival to OHT in patients with end stage heart failure due to cardiac amyloidosis. Survival of cardiac amyloid patients who died prior to receiving a donor heart was only 63 ± 45 days after listing. Patients who survived to OHT received a donor organ at 53 ± 48 days after listing. Survival of AL amyloidosis patients on the waitlist was less than patients waitlisted for all other non-amyloid diagnoses. The long-term survival of transplanted amyloid patients was no different than the survival of non-amyloid, restrictive (p=0.34), non-amyloid dilated (p=0.34) or all non-amyloid cardiomyopathy patients (p=0.22) in the SRTR database. Conclusions Those that survive to OHT followed by ASCT have a survival rate similar to other cardiomyopathy patients undergoing OHT. However, more than one third of the patients died awaiting OHT. The only predictor of survival to OHT in AL amyloidosis patients was low BMI, which correlated with shorter waitlist time. To optimize the survival of these patients, access to donor organs must be improved. In light chain (AL) amyloidosis, amyloid fibrils derived from clonal lambda or kappa immunoglobulin light chains deposit abnormally in organs. Cardiac involvement is apparent echocardiographically in 60% of AL amyloidosis patients at the time of diagnosis, with clinical evidence of heart failure in 69% of patients.1 The median survival of AL amyloidosis patients presenting with any heart failure symptom is 8.5 months2 and even less for end-stage heart failure pateints. PMID:24200511

Five-Body Cluster Structure of the Double-{Lambda} Hypernucleus {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hiyama, E.; Kamimura, M.; Yamamoto, Y.

2010-05-28

Energy levels of the double {Lambda} hypernucleus, {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be are calculated within the framework of a {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda}{Lambda} five-body model. Interactions between constituent particles are determined so as to reproduce reasonably the observed low-energy properties of the {alpha}{alpha}, {alpha}{alpha}n nuclei and the existing data for {Lambda}-binding energies of the {alpha}{Lambda}, {alpha}{alpha}{Lambda}, {alpha}n{Lambda}, and {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda} systems. An effective {Lambda}{Lambda} interaction is constructed so as to reproduce, within the {alpha}{Lambda}{Lambda} three-body model, the B{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}of {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 6}He, which was extracted from the emulsion experiment, the NAGARA event. With no adjustable parameters for the {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda}{Lambda} system, B{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}of the ground and boundmore » excited states of {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be are calculated with the Gaussian expansion method. The Hida event, recently observed at KEK-E373 experiment, is interpreted as an observation of the ground state of the {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be.« less

Stability Error Budget for an Aggressive Coronagraph on a 3.8 m Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaklan, Stuart B.; Marchen, Luis; Krist, John; Rud, Mayer

2011-01-01

We evaluate in detail the stability requirements for a band-limited coronagraph with an inner working angle as small as 2 lambda/D coupled to an off-axis, 3.8-m diameter telescope. We have updated our methodologies since presenting a stability error budget for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph mission that worked at 4 lambda/D and employed an 8th-order mask to reduce aberration sensitives. In the previous work, we determined the tolerances relative to the total light leaking through the coronagraph. Now, we separate the light into a radial component, which is readily separable from a planet signal, and an azimuthal component, which is easily confused with a planet signal. In the current study, throughput considerations require a 4th-order coronagraph. This, combined with the more aggressive working angle, places extraordinarily tight requirements on wavefront stability and opto-mechanical stability. We find that the requirements are driven mainly by coma that leaks around the coronagraph mask and mimics the localized signal of a planet, and pointing errors that scatter light into the background, decreasing SNR. We also show how the requirements would be relaxed if a low-order aberration detection system could be employed.

Genes encoding Xenopus laevis Ig L chains: Implications for the evolution of [kappa] and [lambda] chains

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zezza, D.J.; Stewart, S.E.; Steiner, L.A.

1992-12-15

Xenopus laevis Ig contain two distinct types of L chains, designated [rho] or L1 and [sigma] or L2. The authors have analyzed Xenopus genomic DNA by Southern blotting with cDNA probes specific for L1 V and C regions. Many fragments hybridized to the V probe, but only one or two fragments hybridized to the C probe. Corresponding C, J, and V gene segments were identified on clones isolated from a genomic library prepared from the same DNA. One clone contains a C gene segment separated from a J gene segment by an intron of 3.4 kb. The J and Cmore » gene segments are nearly identical in sequence to cDNA clones analyzed previously. The C segment is somewhat more similar and the J segment considerably more similar in sequence to the corresponding segments of mammalian [kappa] chains than to those of mammalian [lambda] chains. Upstream of the J segment is a typical recombination signal sequence with a spacer of 23 bp, as in J[kappa]. A second clone from the library contains four V gene segments, separated by 2.1 to 3.6 kb. Two of these, V1 and V3, have the expected structural and regulatory features of V genes, and are very similar in sequence to each other and to mammalian V[kappa]. A third gene segment, V2, resembles V1 and V3 in its coding region and nearby 5[prime]-flanking region, but diverges in sequence 5[prime] to position [minus]95 with loss of the octamer promoter element. The fourth V-like segment is similar to the others at the 3[prime]-end, but upstream of codon 64 bears no resemblance in sequence to any Ig V region. All four V segments have typical recombination signal sequences with 12-bp spacers at their 3[prime]-ends, as in V[kappa]. Taken together, the data suggest that Xenopus L1 L chain genes are members of the [kappa] gene family. 80 refs., 9 figs.« less

Method and apparatus for wavefront sensing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bahk, Seung-Whan

A method for performing optical wavefront sensing includes providing an amplitude transmission mask having a light input side, a light output side, and an optical transmission axis passing from the light input side to the light output side. The amplitude transmission mask is characterized by a checkerboard pattern having a square unit cell of size .LAMBDA.. The method also includes directing an incident light field having a wavelengthmore » $$ \\lamda $$ to be incident on the light input side and propagating the incident light field through the amplitude transmission mask. The method further includes producing a plurality of diffracted light fields on the light output side and detecting, at a detector disposed a distance L from the amplitude transmission mask, an interferogram associated with the plurality of diffracted light fields.« less

Strategies for leukemic biomarker detection using long-range surface plasmon-polaritons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krupin, O.; Wang, C.; Berini, P.

2014-09-01

The suitability and use of long-range surface plasmon-polaritons for leukemic biomarker detection is discussed. A novel optical biosensor comprised of gold straight waveguides embedded in CYTOP with an etched microfluidic channel was tested for detecting leukemia in patient serum. Gold surface functionalization involved the interaction of protein G (PG) with antibodies by first adsorbing PG on bare gold and then antibodies (Immunoglobulin G, IgG). Differentiation between healthy and leukemia patients was based on the difference in ratios of Ig kappa (Igκ) and Ig lambda (Igλ) light chains in both serums. The ratio for a normal patient is ~1.4 - 2, whereas for a leukemia patient this ratio is altered. As a receptor (primary antibodies), goat anti-human anti-IgGκ and anti-IgGλ were used to functionalize the surface. Diluted normal and leukemia patient serums were tested over the aforementioned surfaces. The ratios of mass surface densities of IgGκ:IgGλ for normal serum (NS) and patient serum (PS) were found to be 1.55 and 1.92 respectively.

Intracerebral Malignant Plasmacytoma in a Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus).

PubMed

Clancy, C S; Roug, A; Armien, A G; Van Wettere, A J

2016-01-01

A wild, mature, gravid female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) was presented with marked neurological signs, including abnormal behaviour, circling and incoordination. The animal was humanely destroyed and submitted for diagnostic investigation. Grossly, a well-demarcated, 3 × 3 × 3 cm intracranial mass replaced the left olfactory bulb and frontal lobe. Histologically, there was a highly cellular, infiltrative and unencapsulated neoplastic mass of round cells with eccentrically located nuclei. Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically labelled for lambda immunoglobulin light chain. Clusters of CD20- and CD79a-positive cells were scattered throughout the tumour and CD3- and Iba1-positive cells diffusely infiltrated the neoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells had prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum with a variable degree of dilation. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical results were diagnostic for a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Intracranial neoplasms are rarely diagnosed in wildlife species, but they should be included in the differential diagnosis for potential causes of central nervous system disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation in quantum coherent {Lambda}{Lambda} by using J/{psi}{yields}{Lambda}{Lambda} decay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang Xianwei; Department of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007; Li Haibo

2010-03-01

We discuss the possibility of searching for the {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillations for coherent {Lambda}{Lambda} production in the J/{psi}{yields}{Lambda}{Lambda} decay process. The sensitivity of measurement of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation in the external field at BES-III experiment is considered. These considerations indicate an alternative way to probe the {Delta}B=2 amplitude in addition to neutron oscillation experiments. Both coherent and time-dependent information can be used to extract the {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation parameter. With one year's luminosity at BES-III, we can set an upper limit of {delta}m{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}<}10{sup -15} MeV at 90% confidence level, corresponding to about 10{sup -6} s of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation time.

A fiberoptic reflection oximeter.

PubMed

Landsman, M L; Knop, N; Kwant, G; Mook, G A; Zijlstra, W G

1978-03-20

A catheter tip oximeter is described consisting of a cardiac catheter containing optical fibers, and incandescent light source, a light detection unit and a processing unit. Half of the optical fibers guide the light to the blood at the tip of the catheter, the other half the backscattered (reflected) light to the detection unit. The detection unit contains a dichroic mirror, transmitting most of the light with lambda less than 800 nm and reflecting most of the light with lambda greater than 900 nm, thus splitting the light into two beams. These pass through interference filters with nominal wavelengths of 640 and 920 nm respectively, and are focused on silicium barrier layer photocells. The photocell signals are amplified and fed into a divider giving the ratio of measuring (R640) and compensating (R920) photocell output. The relationship between log R640/R920 and oxygen saturation is represented by a slightly curved line. The relation may be linearized by subtracting a constant voltage from the divided output before taking the logarithm. The slope of the calibration line is dependent on the total haemoglobin concentration. Nonetheless an average calibration line can be used between 70 and 100% oxygen saturation. For 78 measurements of pig blood samples in this range (haemoglobin concentration between 96 and 161 g.1(-1)), the standard deviation of the difference between the fiberoptic oximeter and a Radiometer OSM1 oxygen saturation meter was 1.9% saturation, for 152 samples over the entire saturation range the standard deviation of the difference was 3.1% saturation. The influence of the flow velocity of blood on the light reflection depends on wavelength as well as on oxygen saturation. Therefore, complete compensation for the flow effect is not possible by simple means.

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver in a patient with multiple carcinomas: a case report and brief review.

PubMed

Sato, K; Ueda, Y; Yokoi, M; Hayashi, K; Kosaka, T; Katsuda, S

2006-09-01

A rare case of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver in a 75-year-old woman admitted to hospital for surgical treatment of gastric, caecal and colon carcinomas is described here. Two nodular lesions in the left and right lobes of the liver were clinically diagnosed as metastatic tumours by computed tomography of the abdomen. A demarcating grey-white mass of size 1.4 cm was observed in a partially resected liver specimen. On examining the lesion microscopically, it was found to be composed of hyperplastic lymphoid follicles, lymphocytes, plasma cells, other inflammatory cells and interlaced hyalinised fibrous tissues. In the portal tracts around the lesion, chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates were seen, but no interface hepatitis or lymphoid follicle was observed. No evidence of monoclonality was observed by immunohistochemistry for B and T cell markers, in situ hybridisation for kappa and lambda light chains, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chains or T cell receptor beta and gamma gene rearrangements. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was not observed in the germinal centre. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen (latent membrane protein-1) and EBV-encoded small RNAs were not detected. A proliferation neither of myofibroblasts nor of cells positive for follicular dendritic cell markers was observed. RLH, formerly known as pseudolymphoma, has been reported of the liver in only 14 cases and is considered to be a differential diagnosis of small nodular lesions of the liver. That RLH has an inflammatory reactive nature, not a neoplastic disposition, and that EBV does not participate in the pathogenesis of RLH is supported by this case.

A novel mechanism of sugar selection utilized by a human X-family DNA polymerase.

PubMed

Brown, Jessica A; Fiala, Kevin A; Fowler, Jason D; Sherrer, Shanen M; Newmister, Sean A; Duym, Wade W; Suo, Zucai

2010-01-15

During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases select against ribonucleotides via a steric clash between the ribose 2'-hydroxyl group and the bulky side chain of an active-site residue. In this study, we demonstrated that human DNA polymerase lambda used a novel sugar selection mechanism to discriminate against ribonucleotides, whereby the ribose 2'-hydroxyl group was excluded mostly by a backbone segment and slightly by the side chain of Y505. Such steric clash was further demonstrated to be dependent on the size and orientation of the substituent covalently attached at the ribonucleotide C2'-position. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Shell-model predictions for Lambda Lambda hypernuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gal, A.; Millener, D.

2011-06-02

It is shown how the recent shell-model determination of {Lambda}N spin-dependent interaction terms in {Lambda} hypernuclei allows for a reliable deduction of {Lambda}{Lambda} separation energies in {Lambda}{Lambda} hypernuclei across the nuclear p shell. Comparison is made with the available data, highlighting {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be and {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 12}Be which have been suggested as possible candidates for the KEK-E373 HIDA event.

λ Light Chain Bias Associated With Enhanced Binding and Function of Anti-HIV Env Glycoprotein Antibodies

PubMed Central

Sajadi, Mohammad M.; Farshidpour, Maham; Brown, Eric P.; Ouyang, Xin; Seaman, Michael S.; Pazgier, Marzena; Ackerman, Margaret E.; Robinson, Harriet; Tomaras, Georgia; Parsons, Matthew S.; Charurat, Manhattan; DeVico, Anthony L.; Redfield, Robert R.; Lewis, George K.

2016-01-01

The humoral response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains incompletely understood. In this report, we describe biased λ light chain use during the HIV Env glycoprotein (Env) response in HIV infection and vaccination. We examined HIV Env binding (and neutralization) in the context of light chain use in subjects with acute HIV infection, chronic HIV infection, and among HIV vaccinees. In all populations tested, there was a λ chain bias for HIV Env binding antibodies, compared with other HIV antigens (such as p24) or tetanus toxoid. In subjects with chronic HIV infection, a λ bias was noted for neutralization, with λ antibodies accounting for up to 90% of all neutralization activity observed. This is the first report of antibody function in a human infection being tied to light chain use. In HIV infection, antibodies expressing λ light chains tended to have longer CDRL3s, increased light chain contact with HIV Env, and less hypermutation in the heavy chain, compared with antibodies using the κ light chain. These data also support an evolutionary model for the understanding the various κ to λ light chain ratios observed across species and suggest that the λ light chain bias against HIV provides the host an advantage in developing a more efficient humoral response. PMID:26347575

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dunach, M.; Marti, T.; Khorana, H.G.

The light-dark adaptation reactions of a set of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) mutants that affect function and color of the chromophore were examined by using visible absorption spectroscopy. The absorbance spectra of the mutants Arg-82 in equilibrium Ala (Gln), Asp-85 in equilibrium Ala (Asn, Glu), Tyr-185 in equilibrium Phe, and Asp-212 in equilibrium Ala (Asn, Glu) were measured at different pH values during and after illumination. None of these mutants exhibited a normal dark-light adaptation, which in wild-type bR causes a red shift of the visible absorption maximum from 558 nm (dark-adapted bR) to 568 nm (light-adapted bR). Instead a reversible lightmore » reaction occurs in the Asp-85 and Asp-212 mutants from a blue form with lambda max near 600 nm to a pink form with lambda max near 480 nm. This light-induced shift explains the appearance of a reversed light adaptation previously observed for the Asp-212 mutants. In the case of the Tyr-185 and Arg-82 mutants, light causes a purple-to-blue transformation similar to the effect of lowering the pH. However, the blue forms observed in these mutants are not identical to those formed by acid titration or deionization of wild-type bR. It is suggested that in all of these mutants, the chromophore has lost the ability to undergo the normal 13-cis, 15-syn to all-trans, 15-anti light-driven isomerization, which occurs in native bR. Instead these mutants may have as stable forms all-trans,syn and 13-cis,anti chromophores, which are not allowed in native bR, except transiently.« less

Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfano, Robert R. (Inventor); Cai, Wei (Inventor); Liu, Feng (Inventor); Lax, Melvin (Inventor); Das, Bidyut B. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: ##EQU1## wherein W is a matrix relating output at source and detector positions r.sub.s and r.sub.d, at time t, to position r, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j =/<.DELTA.Xj.DELTA.Xj> Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information. An algorithm, which combines a two dimensional (2D) matrix inversion with a one-dimensional (1D) Fourier transform inversion is used to obtain images of three dimensional hidden objects in turbid scattering media.

Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfano, Robert R. (Inventor); Cai, Wei (Inventor); Gayen, Swapan K. (Inventor)

2000-01-01

A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: wherein W is a matrix relating output at source and detector positions r.sub.s and r.sub.d, at time t, to position r, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j =/<.DELTA.Xj.DELTA.Xj> Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absorption information. An algorithm, which combines a two dimensional (2D) matrix inversion with a one-dimensional (1D) Fourier transform inversion is used to obtain images of three dimensional hidden objects in turbid scattering media.

From Ξb→Λbπ to Ξc→Λcπ

DOE PAGES

Gronau, Michael; Rosner, Jonathan L.

2016-04-11

Using a successful framework for describing S-wave hadronic decays of light hyperons induced by a subprocess s -> u((u) over bard), we presented recently a model-independent calculation of the amplitude and branching ratio for Xi(-)(b) -> Lambda(b)pi(-) in agreement with a LHCb measurement. The same quark process contributes to Xi(0)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(-), while a second term from the subprocess cs -> cd has been related by Voloshin to differences among total decay rates of charmed baryons. We calculate this term and find it to have a magnitude approximately equal to the s -> u((u) over bard) term. We argue formore » a negligible relative phase between these two contributions, potentially due to final state interactions. However, we do not know whether they interfere destructively or constructively. For constructive interference one predicts B(Xi(0)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(-)) = (1.94 +/- 0.70) x 10(-3) and B(Xi(+)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(0)) = (3.86 +/- 1.35) x 10(-3). For destructive interference, the respective branching fractions are expected to be less than about 10(-4) and 2 x 10(-4). (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).« less

From Ξb→Λbπ to Ξc→Λcπ

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gronau, Michael; Rosner, Jonathan L.

Using a successful framework for describing S-wave hadronic decays of light hyperons induced by a subprocess s -> u((u) over bard), we presented recently a model-independent calculation of the amplitude and branching ratio for Xi(-)(b) -> Lambda(b)pi(-) in agreement with a LHCb measurement. The same quark process contributes to Xi(0)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(-), while a second term from the subprocess cs -> cd has been related by Voloshin to differences among total decay rates of charmed baryons. We calculate this term and find it to have a magnitude approximately equal to the s -> u((u) over bard) term. We argue formore » a negligible relative phase between these two contributions, potentially due to final state interactions. However, we do not know whether they interfere destructively or constructively. For constructive interference one predicts B(Xi(0)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(-)) = (1.94 +/- 0.70) x 10(-3) and B(Xi(+)(c) -> Lambda(c)pi(0)) = (3.86 +/- 1.35) x 10(-3). For destructive interference, the respective branching fractions are expected to be less than about 10(-4) and 2 x 10(-4). (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).« less

Observation of Mollow Triplets with Tunable Interactions in Double Lambda Systems of Individual Hole Spins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lagoudakis, K. G.; Fischer, K. A.; Sarmiento, T.; McMahon, P. L.; Radulaski, M.; Zhang, J. L.; Kelaita, Y.; Dory, C.; Müller, K.; Vučković, J.

2017-01-01

Although individual spins in quantum dots have been studied extensively as qubits, their investigation under strong resonant driving in the scope of accessing Mollow physics is still an open question. Here, we have grown high quality positively charged quantum dots embedded in a planar microcavity that enable enhanced light-matter interactions. Under a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration, individual positively charged quantum dots provide a double lambda level structure. Using a combination of above-band and resonant excitation, we observe the formation of Mollow triplets on all optical transitions. We find that when the strong resonant drive power is used to tune the Mollow-triplet lines through each other, we observe anticrossings. We also demonstrate that the interaction that gives rise to the anticrossings can be controlled in strength by tuning the polarization of the resonant laser drive. Quantum-optical modeling of our system fully captures the experimentally observed spectra and provides insight on the complicated level structure that results from the strong driving of the double lambda system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, B.; Kantowski, R.; Dai, X.

We compute time delays for gravitational lensing in a flat {Lambda} dominated cold dark matter Swiss cheese universe. We assume a primary and secondary pair of light rays are deflected by a single point mass condensation described by a Kottler metric (Schwarzschild with {Lambda}) embedded in an otherwise homogeneous cosmology. We find that the cosmological constant's effect on the difference in arrival times is nonlinear and at most around 0.002% for a large cluster lens; however, we find differences from time delays predicted by conventional linear lensing theory that can reach {approx}4% for these large lenses. The differences in predictedmore » delay times are due to the failure of conventional lensing to incorporate the lensing mass into the mean mass density of the universe.« less

An arena for model building in the Cohen-Glashow very special relativity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M., E-mail: jabbari@theory.ipm.ac.i; Tureanu, A., E-mail: anca.tureanu@helsinki.f

2010-02-15

The Cohen-Glashow Very Special Relativity (VSR) algebra is defined as the part of the Lorentz algebra which upon addition of CP or T invariance enhances to the full Lorentz group, plus the space-time translations. We show that noncommutative space-time, in particular noncommutative Moyal plane, with light- like noncommutativity provides a robust mathematical setting for quantum field theories which are VSR invariant and hence set the stage for building VSR invariant particle physics models. In our setting the VSR invariant theories are specified with a single deformation parameter, the noncommutativity scale {Lambda}{sub NC}. Preliminary analysis with the available data leads tomore » {Lambda}{sub NC} {>=} 1-10 TeV.« less

Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production in $$p \\bar{p}$$ collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich

Here, we studymore » $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production asymmetries in $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, and $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\mu^\\pm \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$ events recorded by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV. We find an excess of $$\\Lambda$$'s ($$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$'s) produced in the proton (antiproton) direction. This forward-backward asymmetry is measured as a function of rapidity. We confirm that the $$\\bar{\\Lambda}/\\Lambda$$ production ratio, measured by several experiments with various targets and a wide range of energies, is a universal function of "rapidity loss", i.e., the rapidity difference of the beam proton and the lambda.« less

Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production in $$p \\bar{p}$$ collisions

DOE PAGES

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich

2016-02-09

Here, we studymore » $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production asymmetries in $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, and $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\mu^\\pm \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$ events recorded by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV. We find an excess of $$\\Lambda$$'s ($$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$'s) produced in the proton (antiproton) direction. This forward-backward asymmetry is measured as a function of rapidity. We confirm that the $$\\bar{\\Lambda}/\\Lambda$$ production ratio, measured by several experiments with various targets and a wide range of energies, is a universal function of "rapidity loss", i.e., the rapidity difference of the beam proton and the lambda.« less

Analysis of reduced monoclonal antibodies using size exclusion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Hongcheng; Gaza-Bulseco, Georgeen; Chumsae, Chris

2009-12-01

Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been widely used to detect antibody aggregates, monomer, and fragments. SEC coupled to mass spectrometry has been reported to measure the molecular weights of antibody; antibody conjugates, and antibody light chain and heavy chain. In this study, separation of antibody light chain and heavy chain by SEC and direct coupling to a mass spectrometer was further studied. It was determined that employing mobile phases containing acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, and formic acid allowed the separation of antibody light chain and heavy chain after reduction by SEC. In addition, this mobile phase allowed the coupling of SEC to a mass spectrometer to obtain a direct molecular weight measurement. The application of the SEC-MS method was demonstrated by the separation of the light chain and the heavy chain of multiple recombinant monoclonal antibodies. In addition, separation of a thioether linked light chain and heavy chain from the free light chain and the free heavy chain of a recombinant monoclonal antibody after reduction was also achieved. This optimized method provided a separation of antibody light chain and heavy chain based on size and allowed a direct measurement of molecular weights by mass spectrometry. In addition, this method may help to identify peaks eluting from SEC column directly.

Frequency-scanning particle size spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fymat, A. L. (Inventor)

1979-01-01

A particle size spectrometer having a fixed field of view within the forward light scattering cone at an angle theta sub s between approximately 100 and 200 minutes of arc (preferably at 150 minutes), a spectral range extending approximately from 0.2 to 4.0 inverse micrometers, and a spectral resolution between about 0.1 and 0.2 inverse micrometers (preferably toward the lower end of this range of spectral resolution), is employed to determine the distribution of particle sizes, independently of the chemical composition of the particles, from measurements of incident light, at each frequency, sigma (=1/lambda), and scattered light, I(sigma).

Quantum scattering studies of spin-orbit effects in the Cl({sup 2}P) + HCl {yields} ClH + Cl({sup 2}P) reaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schatz, G.C.; McCabe, P.; Connor, J.N.L.

1998-07-01

The authors present quantum scattering calculations for the Cl + HCl {yields} ClH + Cl reaction in which they include the three electronic states that correlate asymptotically to the ground state of Cl({sup 2}P) + HCl(X{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}). The potential surfaces and couplings are taken from the recent work of C.S. Maierle, G.C. Schatz, M.S. Gordon, P. McCabe and J.N.L. Connor, J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. (1997). They are based on extensive ab initio calculations for geometries in the vicinity of the lowest energy saddle point, and on an electrostatic expansion (plus empirical dispersion and repulsion) for long range geometriesmore » including the van der Waals wells. Spin-orbit coupling has been included using a spin-orbit coupling parameter {lambda} that is assumed to be independent of nuclear geometry, and Coriolis interactions are incorporated accurately. The scattering calculations use a hyperspherical coordinate coupled channel method in full dimensionality. AJ-shifting approximation is employed to convert cumulative reaction probabilities for total angular momentum quantum number J = 1/2 into state selected and thermal rate coefficients. Two issues have been studied: (a) the influence of the magnitude of {lambda} on the fine-structure resolved cumulative probabilities and rate coefficients (the authors consider {lambda}`s that vary from 0 to {+-}100% of the true Cl value), and (b) the transition state resonance spectrum, and its variation with {lambda} and with other parameters in the calculations. Cl + HCl is a simple hydrogen transfer reaction which serves as a canonical model both for heavy-light-heavy atom reactions, and for the reactions of halogen atoms with closed shell molecules.« less

The increased flexibility of CDR loops generated in antibodies by Congo red complexation favors antigen binding.

PubMed

Krol, Marcin; Roterman, Irena; Drozd, Anna; Konieczny, Leszek; Piekarska, Barbara; Rybarska, Janina; Spolnik, Paweł; Stopa, Barbara

2006-02-01

The dye Congo red and related self-assembling compounds were found to stabilize immune complexes by binding to antibodies currently engaged in complexation to antigen. In our simulations, it was shown that the site that becomes accessible for binding the supramolecular dye ligand is located in the V domain, and is normally occupied by the N-terminal polypeptide chain fragment. The binding of the ligand disrupts the beta-structure in the domain, increasing the plasticity of the antigen-binding site. The higher fluctuation of CDR-bearing loops enhances antigen binding, and allows even low-affinity antibodies to be engaged in immune complexes. Experimental observations of the enhancement effect were supported by theoretical studies using L lambda chain (4BJL-PDB identification) and the L chain from the complex of IgM-rheumatoid factor bound to the CH3 domain of the Fc fragment (1ADQ-PDB identification) as the initial structures for theoretical studies of dye-induced changes. Commercial IgM-type rheumatoid factor (human) and sheep red blood cells with coupled IgG (human) were used for experimental tests aimed to reveal the dye-enhancement effect in this system. The specificity of antigen-antibody interaction enhanced by dye binding was studied using rabbit anti-sheep red cell antibodies to agglutinate red cells of different species. Red blood cells of hoofed mammals (horse, goat) showed weak enhancement of agglutination in the presence of Congo red. Neither agglutination nor enhancement were observed in the case of human red cells. The dye-enhancement capability in the SRBC-antiSRBC system was lost after pepsin-digestion of antibodies producing (Fab)2 fragments still agglutinating red cells. Monoclonal (myeloma) IgG, L lambda chain and ovoalbumin failed to agglutinate red cells, as expected, and showed no enhancement effect. This indicates that the enhancement effect is specific.

Doubling The Intensity Of An ERL Based Light Source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrew Hutton

2005-05-01

A light source based on an Energy Recovered Linac (ERL) [1] consists of a superconducting linac and a transfer line that includes wigglers and undulators to produce the synchrotron light. The transfer line brings the electron bunches back to the beginning of the linac so that their energy can be recovered when they traverse the linac a second time, {lambda}/2 out of RF phase. There is another interesting condition when the length of the transfer line is (n {+-} 1/4) {lambda}. In this case, the electrons drift through on the zero RF crossing, and make a further pass around themore » transfer line, effectively doubling the circulating current in the wigglers and undulators. On the third pass through the linac, they will be decelerated and their energy recovered. The longitudinal focusing at the zero crossing is a problem, but it can be canceled if the drifting beam sees a positive energy gradient for the first half of the linac and a negative gradient for the second half (or vice versa). This paper presents a proposal to use a double chicane at the center of the linac to provide this focusing inversion for the drifting beam while leaving the accelerating and decelerating beams on crest. [1] G. R. Neil, et al, Phys. Rev. Let. 84, 662 2000« less

Lau phase interferometer for the measurement of the temperature and temperature profile of a gaseous flame

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shakher, Chandra; Thakur, Madhuri

2001-05-01

In this paper we have investigated the utility of Lau phase interferometer with white light source and circular gratings to measure temperature and temperature profile of an axisymmetric flame. In Lau phase interferometer the two gratings are separated by infinite distance. The third grating is placed at a distance Z equals n.p2(lambda) , (where n is an integer, d is the pitch of the grating and (lambda) is the wavelength of the white light source). The sensitivity of the system is determined by the pitch 'p' of the grating and the distance Z between the gratings. If the distance Z between the two gratings is increased to enhance the sensitivity, the accuracy of measurement is reduced because of the reduction in the fringe contrast. In white light Lau phase interferometer the fringe contrast can be improved by optimizing the self-image plane and the pitch of the grating. From the recorded interferogram the angle of deflection ((phi) ) is measured and temperature at a different point of the flame is calculated. The temperature measured using Lau phase interferometer is in good agreement with the temperature measured by thermocouple and dataloger. Details of the theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented.

Acquired Fanconi syndrome with proximal tubular cytoplasmic fibrillary inclusions of λ light chain restriction.

PubMed

Yao, Ying; Wang, Su-Xia; Zhang, You-Kang; Wang, Yan; Liu, Li; Liu, Gang

2014-01-01

Light chain proximal tubulopathy is a rarely reported entity associated with plasma cell dyscrasia that classically manifests as acquired Fanconi syndrome and is characterized by the presence of κ-restricted crystals in the proximal tubular cytoplasm. We herein present a case of multiple myeloma with Fanconi syndrome and acute kidney injury due to light chain proximal tubulopathy with light chain cast nephropathy. Prominent phagolysosomes and numerous irregularly shaped inclusions with a fibrillary matrix in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubules were identified on electron microscopy. A monotypic light chain of the λ type was detected in the distal tubular casts, proximal tubular cytoplasmic lysosomes and fibrillary inclusions on immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy. This case underscores the importance of conducting careful ultrastructural investigations and immunocytologic examinations of light chains for detecting and diagnosing light chain proximal tubulopathy.

A new approach for rapid detection and typing of serum monoclonal components.

PubMed

Cacoub, P; Camproux, A C; Thiolières, J M; Assogba, U; Hausfater, P; Mallet, A; Foglietti, M J; Piette, J C; Bernard, M

2000-12-01

When used independently, none of the routine methods to explore serum monoclonal components (MC), including: serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), kappa to lambda ratio (KLR) and immunofixation (IFE), provides a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative identification of the MC. In the past few years the concept of 'protein profile', based on immunonephelometric quantifications of serum proteins, has become widely used. It consists of a qualitative and quantitative graphic representation of numerous serum proteins including immunoglobulins. Aim of study was to develop a multidimensional model based exclusively on protein profiles labeled the protein profile prediction method (PPPM) to improve routine MC detection and typing. Serum samples from 127 hospitalized patients and 99 healthy blood donors were submitted to all of the following: SPE, IFE, KLR and a protein profile (which included IgM, IgA, IgG, kappa and lambda chain detections and quantification). The presence of a MC using IFE was chosen as the gold standard. Healthy donors and patients were randomly divided into two groups defined as testing and validation groups. A logistic model was designed based on the protein profiles of the testing group leading to the determination of a threshold value (called Z(r)) for MC detection. It was then tested to detect MC in the validation group. Using IFE, 73 MC were found in the 127 hospitalized patients. Using the threshold value for MC detection of Z(r)=1.86, the PPPM showed greater sensitivity (94.6%) in detecting a MC compared to either SPE (64.8%) or KLR (89.2%). This result was obtained without diminished specificity (80.8%). The association of SPE or KLR to PPPM did not significantly increase the sensitivity of the PPPM. In the validation group, for samples which had a high predictive probability of a MC using PPPM, the correct MC typing was identified in up to 77% of sera using PPPM only. These results may be interesting in helping to determine when supplementary IFE analysis is required to qualitatively analyze a MC. PPPM allows MC detection with great sensitivity. The immune protein profile dramatically increases the sensitivity of either SPE and/or KLR in detecting MC and may also allow heavy and light chain typing.

Proximal tubulopathies associated with monoclonal light chains: the spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations and molecular pathogenesis.

PubMed

Herrera, Guillermo A

2014-10-01

Lesions associated with monoclonal light and heavy chains display a variety of glomerular, tubular interstitial, and vascular manifestations. While some of the entities are well recognized, including light and heavy chain deposition diseases, AL (light chain) and AH (heavy chain) amyloidosis, and light chain ("myeloma") cast nephropathy, other lesions centered on proximal tubules are much less accurately identified, properly diagnosed, and adequately understood in terms of pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms involved. These proximal tubule-centered lesions are typically associated with monoclonal light chains and have not been reported in patients with circulating monoclonal heavy chains. To determine the incidence of proximal tubulopathies in a series of patients with monoclonal light chain-related renal lesions and characterize them with an emphasis on clinical correlations and elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. A study of 5410 renal biopsies with careful evaluation of light microscopic, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic findings was conducted to identify these monoclonal light/heavy chain-related lesions. In selected cases, ultrastructural immunolabeling was performed to better illustrate and understand molecular mechanisms involved or to resolve specific diagnostic difficulties. In all, 2.5% of the biopsies were diagnosed as demonstrating renal pathology associated with monoclonal light or heavy chains. Of these, approximately 46% were classified as proximal tubule-centered lesions, also referred to as monoclonal light chain-associated proximal tubulopathies. These proximal tubulopathies were divided into 4 groups defined by characteristic immunomorphologic manifestations associated with specific clinical settings. These are important lesions whose recognition in the different clinical settings is extremely important for patients' clinical management, therapeutic purposes, and prognosis. These entities have been segregated into 4 distinct variants, conceptualized morphologically and clinically. Specific mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis are proposed.

Measurements of J/{psi} and {psi}(2S) decays into {lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0} and {lambda}{lambda}{eta}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ablikim, M.; Bai, J. Z.; Cai, X.

2007-11-01

Using 58x10{sup 6} J/{psi} and 14x10{sup 6} {psi}(2S) events collected by the BESII detector at the BEPC, branching fractions or upper limits for the decays J/{psi} and {psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0} and {lambda}{lambda}{eta} are measured. For the isospin violating decays, the upper limits are determined to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0})<6.4x10{sup -5} and B[{psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0}]<4.9x10{sup -5} at the 90% confidence level. The isospin conserving process J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta} is observed for the first time, and its branching fraction is measured to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta})=(2.62{+-}0.60{+-}0.44)x10{sup -4}, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. No {lambda}{lambda}{eta} signal is observed in {psi}(2S) decays, and B[{psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta}]<1.2x10{supmore » -4} is set at the 90% confidence level. Branching fractions of J/{psi} decays into {sigma}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{lambda} and {sigma}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{lambda} are also reported, and the sum of these branching fractions is determined to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{sigma}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{lambda}+c.c.)=(1.52{+-}0.08{+-}0.16)x10{sup -3}.« less

Measurement of the branching fraction $${\\mathcal{B}}(\\Lambda^0_b\\rightarrow \\Lambda^+_c\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-)$$ at CDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; /Helsinki Inst. of Phys.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.

We report an analysis of the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay in a data sample collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron corresponding to 2.4 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. We reconstruct the currently largest samples of the decay modes {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}), {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}), {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -} (with {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++} {yields} {Lambda}{submore » c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}), and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455)0{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Sigma}{sub c}(2455)0 {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) and measure the branching fractions relative to the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} branching fraction. We measure the ratio {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/ {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=3.04 {+-} 0.33(stat){sub -0.55}{sup +0.70}(syst) which is used to derive {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=(26.8{sub -11.2}{sup +11.9}) x 10{sup -3}.« less

Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xib-.

PubMed

Aaltonen, T; Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Beauchemin, P-H; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carrillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Cilijak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; DaRonco, S; Datta, M; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; De Lorenzo, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Forrester, S; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Johnson, W; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kulkarni, N P; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Martínez-Ballarín, R; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Papaikonomou, A; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Piedra, J; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Portell, X; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prakoshyn, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ramakrishnan, V; Ranjan, N; Redondo, I; Reisert, B; Rekovic, V; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Roy, P; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Saarikko, H; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Salamanna, G; Saltó, O; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savard, P; Savoy-Navarro, A; Scheidle, T; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scott, A L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sfyrla, A; Shalhout, S Z; Shapiro, M D; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suslov, I; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tsuno, S; Tu, Y; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vazquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, M; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vogel, M; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-08-03

We report the observation and measurement of the mass of the bottom, strange baryon Xi(b)- through the decay chain Xi(b)- -->J/psiXi-, where J/psi-->mu+mu-, Xi- -->Lambdapi-, and Lambda-->ppi-. A signal is observed whose probability of arising from a background fluctuation is 6.6 x 10(-15), or 7.7 Gaussian standard deviations. The Xi(b)- mass is measured to be 5792.9+/-2.5(stat) +/- 1.7(syst) MeV/c2.

Study of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, H.-Y.; Hsiao, Y.-K.; Chua, C.-K.

2009-06-01

We study the doubly charmful two-body and three-body baryonic B decays B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K. As pointed out before, a naive estimate of the branching ratio O(10{sup -8}) for the latter decay is too small by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to experiment. Previously, it has been shown that a large enhancement for the {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K production can occur due to a charmoniumlike resonance (e.g. X(4630) discovered by Belle) with a mass near the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} threshold. Motivated by the BABAR's observation of a resonance in themore » {lambda}{sub c}K system with a mass of order 2930 MeV, we study in this work the contribution to B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K from the intermediate state {xi}{sub c}(2980) which is postulated to be a first positive-parity excited D-wave charmed baryon state. Assuming that a soft qq quark pair is produced through the {sigma} and {pi} meson exchanges in the configuration for B{yields}{xi}{sub c}(2980){lambda}{sub c} and {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}, it is found that branching ratios of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} are of order 3.5x10{sup -4} and 5x10{sup -5}, respectively, in agreement with experiment except that the prediction for the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K{sup -} is slightly smaller. In conjunction with our previous analysis, we conclude that the enormously large rate of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K arises from the resonances {xi}{sub c}(2980) and X(4630)« less

The effect of line damping, magneto-optics and parasitic light on the derivation of sunspot vector magnetic fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skumanich, A.; Lites, B. W.

1985-01-01

The least square fitting of Stokes observations of sunspots using a Milne-Eddington-Unno model appears to lead, in many circumstances, to various inconsistencies such as anomalously large doppler widths and, hence, small magnetic fields which are significantly below those inferred solely from the Zeeman splitting in the intensity profile. It is found that the introduction of additional physics into the model such as the inclusion of damping wings and magneto-optic birefrigence significantly improves the fit to Stokes parameters. Model fits excluding the intensity profile, i.e., of both magnitude as well as spectral shape of the polarization parameters alone, suggest that parasitic light in the intensity profile may also be a source of inconsistencies. The consequences of the physical changes on the vector properties of the field derived from the Fe I lambda 6173 line for the 17 November 1975 spot as well as on the thermodynamic state are discussed. A Doppler width delta lambda (D) - 25mA is bound to be consistent with a low spot temperature and microturbulence, and a damping constant of a = 0.2.

Active optics null test system based on a liquid crystal programmable spatial light modulator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ares, Miguel; Royo, Santiago; Sergievskaya, Irina

2010-11-10

We present an active null test system adapted to test lenses and wavefronts with complex shapes and strong local deformations. This system provides greater flexibility than conventional static null tests that match only a precisely positioned, individual wavefront. The system is based on a cylindrical Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a commercial liquid crystal programmable phase modulator (PPM), which acts as the active null corrector, enabling the compensation of large strokes with high fidelity in a single iteration, and a spatial filter to remove unmodulated light when steep phase changes are compensated. We have evaluated the PPM's phase response at 635 nmmore » and checked its performance by measuring its capability to generate different amounts of defocus aberration, finding root mean squared errors below {lambda}/18 for spherical wavefronts with peak-to-valley heights of up to 78.7{lambda}, which stands as the limit from which diffractive artifacts created by the PPM have been found to be critical under no spatial filtering. Results of a null test for a complex lens (an ophthalmic customized progressive addition lens) are presented and discussed.« less

Measurement of the $$\\Lambda_b$$ cross section and the $$_{\\bar{\\Lambda}_b}$$ to $$\\Lambda_b$$ ratio with $$J/\\Psi \\Lambda$$ decays in $pp$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}=7$$ TeV

DOE PAGES

Chatrchyan, Serguei; et al.

2013-07-16

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versusmore » pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.« less

FORECAST FOR THE PLANCK PRECISION ON THE TENSOR-TO-SCALAR RATIO AND OTHER COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burigana, C.; Gruppuso, A.; Mandolesi, N.

2010-11-20

The Planck satellite, successfully launched on 2009 May 14 to measure with unprecedented accuracy the primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, is operating as expected. The Standard Model of the Universe ('concordance' model) provides the current realistic context to analyze the CMB and other cosmological/astrophysical data, inflation in the early universe being part of it. The Planck performance for the crucial primordial parameter r, the tensor-to-scalar ratio related to primordial B-mode polarization, will depend on the quality of data analysis and interpretation. The Ginzburg-Landau (G-L) approach to inflation allows us to take high benefit of the CMB data. The fourth-degreemore » double-well inflaton potential gives an excellent fit to the current CMB+LSS data. We evaluate the Planck precision to the recovery of cosmological parameters, taking into account a reasonable toy model for residuals of systematic effects of instrumental and astrophysical origin based on publicly available information. We use and test two relevant models: the {Lambda}CDMr model, i.e., the standard {Lambda}CDM model augmented by r, and the {Lambda}CDMrT model, where the scalar spectral index, n{sub s} , and r are related through the theoretical 'banana-shaped' curve r = r(n{sub s}) coming from the G-L theory with a double-well inflaton potential. In the latter case, the analytical expressions for n{sub s} and r are imposed as a hard constraint in a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) data analysis. We consider two C{sub l}-likelihoods (with and without B modes) and take into account the white noise sensitivity of Planck (LFI and HFI) in the 70, 100, and 143 GHz channels as well as the residuals from systematic errors and foregrounds. We also consider a cumulative channel of the three mentioned. We produce the sky (mock data) for the CMB multipoles C{sup TT}{sub l} , C{sup TE}{sub l} , C{sup EE}{sub l} , and C{sup BB}{sub l} from the {Lambda}CDMr and {Lambda}CDMrT models and obtain the cosmological parameter marginalized likelihood distributions for the two models. Foreground residuals affect only the cosmological parameters sensitive to the B modes. As expected, the likelihood r distribution is more clearly peaked near the fiducial value (r = 0.0427) in the {Lambda}CDMrT model than in the {Lambda}CDMr model. The best value for r in the presence of residuals turns out to be about r {approx_equal} 0.04 for both the {Lambda}CDMr and the {Lambda}CDMrT models. The {Lambda}CDMrT model is very stable; its distributions do not change by including residuals and the B modes. For r we find 0.028 < r < 0.116 at a 95% confidence level (CL) with the best value r = 0.04. We also compute the B mode detection probability by the most sensitive HFI-143 channel. At the level of foreground residual equal to 30% of our toy model, only a 68% CL (1{sigma}) detection is very likely. For a 95% CL detection (2{sigma}), the level of foreground residual should be reduced to 10% or lower of the adopted toy model. The lower bounds (and most probable value) we infer for r support the searching of CMB B-mode polarization in the current data as well as the planned CMB missions oriented toward B polarization.« less

A binary plasmid system for shuffling combinatorial antibody libraries.

PubMed

Collet, T A; Roben, P; O'Kennedy, R; Barbas, C F; Burton, D R; Lerner, R A

1992-11-01

We have used a binary system of replicon-compatible plasmids to test the potential for promiscuous recombination of heavy and light chains within sets of human Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial antibody libraries. Antibody molecules showed a surprising amount of promiscuity in that a particular heavy chain could recombine with multiple light chains with retention of binding to a protein antigen. The degree to which a given heavy chain productively paired with any light chain to bind antigen varied from 43% to 100% and depended strongly on the heavy-chain sequence. Such productive crosses resulted in a set of Fab fragments of similar apparent binding constants, which seemed to differ mainly in the amount of active Fab fragment produced in the bacterial cell. The dominance of the heavy chain in the antibody-antigen interaction was further explored in a set of directed crosses, in which heavy and light chains derived from antigen-specific clones were crossed with nonrelated heavy and light chains. In these crosses, an Fab fragment retained antigen binding only if it contained a heavy chain from an antigen-specific clone. In no case did the light chain confer detectable affinity when paired with indifferent heavy chains. The surprising promiscuity of heavy chains has ramifications for the evaluation of the diversity of combinatorial libraries made against protein antigens and should allow the combination of one such promiscuous heavy chain with an engineered light chain to form an Fab fragment carrying synthetic cofactors to assist in antibody catalysis.

A binary plasmid system for shuffling combinatorial antibody libraries.

PubMed Central

Collet, T A; Roben, P; O'Kennedy, R; Barbas, C F; Burton, D R; Lerner, R A

1992-01-01

We have used a binary system of replicon-compatible plasmids to test the potential for promiscuous recombination of heavy and light chains within sets of human Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial antibody libraries. Antibody molecules showed a surprising amount of promiscuity in that a particular heavy chain could recombine with multiple light chains with retention of binding to a protein antigen. The degree to which a given heavy chain productively paired with any light chain to bind antigen varied from 43% to 100% and depended strongly on the heavy-chain sequence. Such productive crosses resulted in a set of Fab fragments of similar apparent binding constants, which seemed to differ mainly in the amount of active Fab fragment produced in the bacterial cell. The dominance of the heavy chain in the antibody-antigen interaction was further explored in a set of directed crosses, in which heavy and light chains derived from antigen-specific clones were crossed with nonrelated heavy and light chains. In these crosses, an Fab fragment retained antigen binding only if it contained a heavy chain from an antigen-specific clone. In no case did the light chain confer detectable affinity when paired with indifferent heavy chains. The surprising promiscuity of heavy chains has ramifications for the evaluation of the diversity of combinatorial libraries made against protein antigens and should allow the combination of one such promiscuous heavy chain with an engineered light chain to form an Fab fragment carrying synthetic cofactors to assist in antibody catalysis. Images PMID:1438192

Involvement of myosin light-chain kinase in endothelial cell retraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wysolmerski, R.B.; Lagunoff, D.

Permeabilized bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers were used to investigate the mechanism of endothelial cell retraction. Postconfluent endothelial cells permeabilized with saponin retracted upon exposure to ATP and Ca{sup 2+}. Retraction was accompanied by thiophosphorylation of 19,000-Da myosin light chains when adenosine 5'-(gamma-({sup 35}S)thio)triphosphate was included in the medium. Both retraction and thiophosphorylation of myosin light chains exhibited a graded quantitative dependence on Ca{sup 2+}. When permeabilized monolayers were extracted in buffer D containing 100 mM KCl and 30 mM MgCl2 for 30 min, the cells failed to retract upon exposure to ATP and Ca{sup 2+}, and no thiophosphorylationmore » of myosin light chains occurred. The ability both to retract and to thiophosphorylate myosin light chains was restored by the addition to the permeabilized, extracted cells of myosin light-chain kinase and calmodulin together but not by either alone. These studies indicate that endothelial cell retraction, as does smooth muscle contraction, depends on myosin light-chain kinase phosphorylation of myosin light chains.« less

Exposure assessment of aluminum arc welding radiation.

PubMed

Peng, Chiung-yu; Lan, Cheng-hang; Juang, Yow-jer; Tsao, Ta-ho; Dai, Yu-tung; Liu, Hung-hsin; Chen, Chiou-jong

2007-10-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the non-ionizing radiation (NIR) exposure, especially optical radiation levels, and potential health hazard from aluminum arc welding processes based on the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) method. The irradiance from the optical radiation emissions can be calculated with various biological effective parameters [i.e., S(lambda), B(lambda), R(lambda)] for NIR hazard assessments. The aluminum arc welding processing scatters bright light with NIR emission including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), visible, and infrared spectra. The UVR effective irradiance (Eeff) has a mean value of 1,100 microW cm at 100 cm distance from the arc spot. The maximum allowance time (tmax) is 2.79 s according to the ACGIH guideline. Blue-light hazard effective irradiance (EBlue) has a mean value of 1840 microW cm (300-700 nm) at 100 cm with a tmax of 5.45 s exposure allowance. Retinal thermal hazard effective calculation shows mean values of 320 mW cm(-2) sr(-1) and 25.4 mW (cm-2) (380-875 nm) for LRetina (spectral radiance) and ERetina (spectral irradiance), respectively. From this study, the NIR measurement from welding optical radiation emissions has been established to evaluate separate types of hazards to the eye and skin simultaneously. The NIR exposure assessment can be applied to other optical emissions from industrial sources. The data from welding assessment strongly suggest employees involved in aluminum welding processing must be fitted with appropriate personal protection devices such as masks and gloves to prevent serious injuries of the skin and eyes upon intense optical exposure.

Site-directed mutagenesis of the regulatory light-chain Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site and its role in hybrid myosins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reinach, Fernando C.; Nagai, Kiyoshi; Kendrick-Jones, John

1986-07-01

The regulatory light chains, small polypeptides located on the myosin head, regulate the interaction of myosin with actin in response to either Ca2+ or phosphorylation. The demonstration that the regulatory light chains on scallop myosin can be replaced by light chains from other myosins has allowed us to compare the functional capabilities of different light chains1, but has not enabled us to probe the role of features, such as the Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site, that are common to all of them. Here, we describe the use of site-directed mutagenesis to study the function of that site. We synthesized the chicken skeletal myosin light chain in Escherichia coli and constructed mutants with substitutions within the Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site. When the aspartate residues at the first and sixth Ca2+ coordination positions are replaced by uncharged alanines, the light chains have a reduced Ca2+ binding capacity but still bind to scallop myosin with high affinity. Unlike the wild-type skeletal light chain which inhibits myosin interaction with actin, the mutants activate it. Thus, an intact Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site in the N-terminal region of the light chain is essential for regulating the interaction of myosin with actin.

Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (Hip1) and Hip1-related protein (Hip1R) bind the conserved sequence of clathrin light chains and thereby influence clathrin assembly in vitro and actin distribution in vivo.

PubMed

Chen, Chih-Ying; Brodsky, Frances M

2005-02-18

Clathrin heavy and light chains form triskelia, which assemble into polyhedral coats of membrane vesicles that mediate transport for endocytosis and organelle biogenesis. Light chain subunits regulate clathrin assembly in vitro by suppressing spontaneous self-assembly of the heavy chains. The residues that play this regulatory role are at the N terminus of a conserved 22-amino acid sequence that is shared by all vertebrate light chains. Here we show that these regulatory residues and others in the conserved sequence mediate light chain interaction with Hip1 and Hip1R. These related proteins were previously found to be enriched in clathrin-coated vesicles and to promote clathrin assembly in vitro. We demonstrate Hip1R binding preference for light chains associated with clathrin heavy chain and show that Hip1R stimulation of clathrin assembly in vitro is blocked by mutations in the conserved sequence of light chains that abolish interaction with Hip1 and Hip1R. In vivo overexpression of a fragment of clathrin light chain comprising the Hip1R-binding region affected cellular actin distribution. Together these results suggest that the roles of Hip1 and Hip1R in affecting clathrin assembly and actin distribution are mediated by their interaction with the conserved sequence of clathrin light chains.

Mediation of acetylcholine and substance P induced contractions by myosin light chain phosphorylation in feline colonic smooth muscle.

PubMed

Washabau, Robert J; Holt, David E; Brockman, Daniel J

2002-05-01

To determine the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in feline colonic smooth muscle contraction. Colonic tissue was obtained from eight 12- to 24-month-old cats. Colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips were attached to isometric force transducers for measurements of isometric stress. Myosin light chain phosphorylation was determined by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stress and phosphorylation were determined following stimulation with ACh or SP, in the absence or presence of a calmodulin antagonist (W-7; 0.1 to 1.0 mM), myosin light chain kinase inhibitor (ML-9; 1 to 10 microM), or extracellular calcium free solutions. Unstimulated longitudinal colonic smooth muscle contained low amounts (6.9+/-3.2%) of phosphorylated myosin light chain. Phosphorylation of the myosin light chains was dose and time dependent with maximal values of 58.5% at 30 seconds of stimulation with 100 microM Ach and 60.2% at 45 seconds of stimulation with 100 nM SP Active isometric stress development closely paralleled phosphorylation of the myosin light chains in ACh- or SP-stimulated muscle. W-7 and ML-9 dose dependently inhibited myosin light chain phosphorylation and isometric stress development associated with ACh or SP stimulation. Removal of extracellular calcium inhibited myosin light chain phosphorylation and isometric stress development in ACh-stimulated smooth muscle. Feline longitudinal colonic smooth muscle contraction is calcium-, calmodulin-, and myosin light chain kinase-dependent. Myosin light chain phosphorylation is necessary for the initiation of contraction in feline longitudinal colonic smooth muscle. These findings may prove useful in determining the biochemical and molecular defects that accompany feline colonic motility disorders.

[The expression of interferon-lambda1 in CHO cell].

PubMed

Yuan, Wu-Mei; Ma, Fen-Lian; Zhang, Qian; Zheng, Wen-Zhi; Zheng, Li-Shu

2013-06-01

To construct the eukaryotic expression vector PCI-dhfr-lambda1 and PCI-dhfr-SP163-lambda1 which linked the enhancer SP163 with interferon lambda1. Then express the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells. Using PCR method to introduce the restriction enzyme sites and through the fusion PCR binding the enhancer with the interferon Lambda1. After sequenced, lambda1 and SP163-lambda1 was inserted into PCI-dhfr forming the expression vector PCI-dhfr-lambda1 and PCI-dhfr-SP163-lambda1 which was constructed successfully confirming by sequencing. Then the expressing vectors were transfected into CHO (dhfr-) cells using liposome transfection method and interferon lambda1 protein was assayed with indirect immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Using cytopathic effect inhibition evaluated the antiviral activity of interferon lambda1. Successfully constructing the eukaryotic expression vectors of interferon lambda and the vectors could express interferon lambda1. The result of immunofluorescence showed the enhancer developed the expression of interferon lambda1. Detecting the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells after transfecting 48 hour using Western Blot. The cytopathic effect inhibition showed the expressed interferon lambda1 has the antiviral activity. Successfully expressed the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells and the protein possesses antiviral activity, which may supply a valuable basis for building the stable cell line of interferon lambda1.

Energy of the ground and 2{sup +} excited states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be: A partial ten-body model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shoeb, Mohammad; Sonika

2009-08-15

The energies of the ground and excited 2{sup +} states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be have been calculated variationally in the Monte Carlo framework. The hypernucleus is treated as a partial ten-body problem in the {lambda}{lambda}+{alpha}{alpha} model where nucleonic degrees of freedom of {alpha}'s are taken into consideration ignoring the antisymmetrization between two {alpha}'s. The central two-body {lambda}N and {lambda}{lambda} and the three-body dispersive and two-pion exchange {lambda}NN forces, constrained by the {lambda}p scattering data and the observed ground state energies of {sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He and {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 6}He, are employed. The product-type trial wave function predicts binding energymore » for the ground state considerably less than for the event reported by Danysz et al.; however, it is consistent with the value deduced assuming a {gamma} ray of 3.04 MeV must have escaped undetected in the decay of the product {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* {yields} {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be+{gamma} of the emulsion event {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be{yields} {pi}{sup -}+p+{sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* and for the excited 2{sup +} state closer to the value measured in the Demachi-Yanagi event. The hypernucleus {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be has an oblate shape in the excited state. These results are consistent with the earlier four-body {alpha} cluster model approach where {alpha}'s are assumed to be structureless entities.« less

Beauty Baryons at CDF and DO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kryemadhi, Abaz

The results from Tevatron in the baryonic sector are presented. The lifetime of {lambda}b {yields} J/{psi}{lambda}, the observation of hadronic decay of {lambda}b {yields} {lambda}c{pi}, the semileptonic decays of {lambda}b {yields} {lambda}c{mu}{nu}, the hadronization of the b-baryons, and the {lambda}b decays to {lambda}b {yields} p{pi} and {lambda}b {yields} pK are discussed. These measurements paint a nice picture of our understanding of the beauty baryons.

Improved measurement of the form factors in the decay lambda+c-->lambda + nue.

PubMed

Hinson, J W; Huang, G S; Lee, J; Miller, D H; Pavlunin, V; Rangarajan, R; Sanghi, B; Shibata, E I; Shipsey, I P J; Cronin-Hennessy, D; Park, C S; Park, W; Thayer, J B; Thorndike, E H; Coan, T E; Gao, Y S; Liu, F; Stroynowski, R; Artuso, M; Boulahouache, C; Blusk, S; Dambasuren, E; Dorjkhaidav, O; Mountain, R; Muramatsu, H; Nandakumar, R; Skwarnicki, T; Stone, S; Wang, J C; Csorna, S E; Danko, I; Bonvicini, G; Cinabro, D; Dubrovin, M; McGee, S; Bornheim, A; Lipeles, E; Pappas, S P; Shapiro, A; Sun, W M; Weinstein, A J; Briere, R A; Chen, G P; Ferguson, T; Tatishvili, G; Vogel, H; Watkins, M E; Adam, N E; Alexander, J P; Berkelman, K; Boisvert, V; Cassel, D G; Duboscq, J E; Ecklund, K M; Ehrlich, R; Galik, R S; Gibbons, L; Gittelman, B; Gray, S W; Hartill, D L; Heltsley, B K; Hsu, L; Jones, C D; Kandaswamy, J; Kreinick, D L; Magerkurth, A; Mahlke-Krüger, H; Meyer, T O; Mistry, N B; Patterson, J R; Peterson, D; Pivarski, J; Richichi, S J; Riley, D; Sadoff, A J; Schwarthoff, H; Shepherd, M R; Thayer, J G; Urner, D; Wilksen, T; Warburton, A; Weinberger, M; Athar, S B; Avery, P; Breva-Newell, L; Potlia, V; Stoeck, H; Yelton, J; Benslama, K; Cawlfield, C; Eisenstein, B I; Gollin, G D; Karliner, I; Lowrey, N; Plager, C; Sedlack, C; Selen, M; Thaler, J J; Williams, J; Edwards, K W; Besson, D; Anderson, S; Frolov, V V; Gong, D T; Kubota, Y; Li, S Z; Poling, R; Smith, A; Stepaniak, C J; Urheim, J; Metreveli, Z; Seth, K K; Tomaradze, A; Zweber, P; Ahmed, S; Alam, M S; Ernst, J; Jian, L; Saleem, M; Wappler, F; Arms, K; Eckhart, E; Gan, K K; Gwon, C; Honscheid, K; Kagan, H; Kass, R; Pedlar, T K; von Toerne, E; Severini, H; Skubic, P; Dytman, S A; Mueller, J A; Nam, S; Savinov, V

2005-05-20

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have studied the distribution of kinematic variables in the decay lambda(+)(c)lambda--> e(+)nu(e). By performing a four-dimensional maximum likelihood fit, we determine the form factor ratio, R= f(2)/f(1) = -0.31 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), the pole mass, M(pole) = [2.21 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.14(syst)] GeV/c(2), and the decay asymmetry parameter of the lambda(+)(c), alpha (lambda(c)) = -0.86 +/-0.03(stat) +/- 0.02(syst), for q(2) = 0.67 (GeV/c(2))(2). We compare the angular distributions of the lambda(+)(c) and lambda(-)(c) and find no evidence for CP violation: A(lambda(c)) = (alpha(lambda(c)) + alpha (lambda(c)))/(alpha(lambda(c))-alpha(lambda(c))) = 0.00 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.01(syst) +/- 0.02, where the third error is from the uncertainty in the world average of the CP-violating parameter, A(lambda), for ppi(-).

HST Spatially Resolved Spectra of the Accretion Disc and Gas Stream of the Nova-Like Variable UX Ursae Majoris

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baptista, Raymundo; Horne, Keith; Wade, Richard A.; Hubeny, Ivan; Long, Knox S.; Rutten, Rene G. M.

1998-01-01

Time-resolved eclipse spectroscopy of the nova-like variable UX UMa obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/Faint Object Spectrograph (HST/FOS) on 1994 August and November is analysed with eclipse mapping techniques to produce spatially resolved spectra of its accretion disk and gas stream as a function of distance from the disk centre. The inner accretion disk is characterized by a blue continuum filled with absorption bands and lines, which cross over to emission with increasing disk radius, similar to that reported at optical wavelengths. The comparison of spatially resolved spectra at different azimuths reveals a significant asymmetry in the disk emission at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, with the disk side closest to the secondary star showing pronounced absorption by an 'iron curtain' and a Balmer jump in absorption. These results suggest the existence of an absorbing ring of cold gas whose density and/or vertical scale increase with disk radius. The spectrum of the infalling gas stream is noticeably different from the disc spectrum at the same radius suggesting that gas overflows through the impact point at the disk rim and continues along the stream trajectory, producing distinct emission down to 0.1 R(sub LI). The spectrum of the uneclipsed light shows prominent emission lines of Lyalpha, N v lambda1241, SiIV Lambda 1400, C IV Lambda 1550, HeII Lambda 1640, and MgII Lambda 2800, and a UV continuum rising towards longer wavelengths. The Balmer jump appears clearly in emission indicating that the uneclipsed light has an important contribution from optically thin gas. The lines and optically thin continuum emission are most probably emitted in a vertically extended disk chromosphere + wind. The radial temperature profiles of the continuum maps are well described by a steady-state disc model in the inner and intermediate disk regions (R greater than or equal to 0.3R(sub LI) ). There is evidence of an increase in the mass accretion rate from August to November (from V = 10 (exp -8.3 +/-0.1) to 10(exp -8.1 +/- 0.1 solar mass yr(exp -1)), in accordance with the observed increase in brightness. Since the UX UMA disc seems to be in a high mass accretion, high-viscosity regime in both epochs, this result suggests that the mass transfer rate of UX UMA varies substantially (approximately equal to 50 per cent) on time-scales of a few months. It is suggested that the reason for the discrepancies between the prediction of the standard disk model and observations is not an inadequate treatment of radiative transfer in the disc atmosphere, but rather the presence of addition important sources of light in the system besides the accretion disk (e.g., optically thin contiuum emission from the disk wind and possible absorption by circumstellar cool gas).

Observation of B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup 0} and B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup 0} at Belle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, Y.-W.; Wang, M.-Z.; Chao, Y.

2009-03-01

We study the charmless decays B{yields}{lambda}{lambda}h, where h stands for {pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}, K{sup 0},K*{sup +}, or K*{sup 0}, using a 605 fb{sup -1} data sample collected at the {upsilon}(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider. We observe B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup 0} and B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup 0} with branching fractions of (4.76{sub -0.68}{sup +0.84}(stat){+-}0.61(syst))x10{sup -6} and (2.46{sub -0.72}{sup +0.87}{+-}0.34)x10{sup -6}, respectively. The significances of these signals in the threshold-mass enhanced mass region, M{sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}<2.85 GeV/c{sup 2}, are 12.4{sigma} and 9.3{sigma}, respectively. We also update the branching fraction B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup +})=(3.38{sub -0.36}{sup +0.41}{+-}0.41)x10{supmore » -6} with better accuracy, and report the following measurement or 90% confidence level upper limit in the threshold-mass-enhanced region: B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup +})=(2.19{sub -0.88}{sup +1.13}{+-}0.33)x10{sup -6} with 3.7{sigma} significance; B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup +})<0.94x10{sup -6}. A related search for B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}D{sup 0} yields a branching fraction B(B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}D{sup 0})=(1.05{sub -0.44}{sup +0.57}{+-}0.14)x10{sup -5}. This may be compared with the large, {approx}10{sup -4}, branching fraction observed for B{sup 0}{yields}ppD{sup 0}. The M{sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}} enhancements near threshold and related angular distributions for the observed modes are also reported.« less

Characterization of myosin light chain in shrimp hemocytic phagocytosis.

PubMed

Han, Fang; Wang, Zhiyong; Wang, Xiaoqing

2010-11-01

Myosin light chain, a well-known cytoskeleton gene, regulates multiple processes that are involved in material transport, muscle shrink and cell division. However, its function in phagocytosis against invading pathogens in crustacean remains unknown. In this investigation, a myosin light chain gene was obtained from Marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp. The full-length cDNA of this gene was of 766 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 462 bp encoding a polypeptide of 153 amino acids. The myosin light chain protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Subsequently the specific antibody was raised using the purified GST fusion protein. As revealed by immuno-electron microscopy, the myosin light chain protein was only expressed in the dark bands of muscle. In the present study, the myosin light chain gene was up-regulated in the WSSV-resistant shrimp as revealed by real-time PCR and western blot. And the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index using FITC-labeled Vibrio parahemolyticus were remarkably increased in the WSSV-resistant shrimp, suggesting that the myosin light chain protein was essential in hemocytic phagocytosis. On the other hand, RNAi assays indicated that the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index were significantly decreased when the myosin light chain gene was silenced by sequence-specific siRNA. These findings suggested that myosin light chain protein was involved in the regulation of hemocytic phagocytosis of shrimp. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Experimental medium energy physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, P.D.

1991-01-01

This report discusses the following topics: Search for the H Dibaryon at the AGS; Hypernuclear Weak Decay Studies at the AGS; Relativistic Proton-Nucleus and Heavy Ion-Nucleus Collisions at the SPS; Hyperon-Antihyperon Production studies at LEAR; Hyperon Photoproduction at CEBAF; Double Lambda Hypernuclei; Weak Decay of Light Hypernuclei; and {pi}{sup 0}/{gamma}Detection with the CMU Scintillator Arrays.

Initiation of lambda DNA replication. The Escherichia coli small heat shock proteins, DnaJ and GrpE, increase DnaK's affinity for the lambda P protein.

PubMed

Osipiuk, J; Georgopoulos, C; Zylicz, M

1993-03-05

It is known that the initiation of bacteriophage lambda replication requires the orderly assembly of the lambda O.lambda P.DnaB helicase protein preprimosomal complex at the ori lambda DNA site. The DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE heat shock proteins act together to destabilize the lambda P.DnaB complex, thus freeing DnaB and allowing it to unwind lambda DNA near the ori lambda site. The first step of this disassembly reaction is the binding of DnaK to the lambda P protein. In this report, we examined the influence of the DnaJ and GrpE proteins on the stability of the lambda P.DnaK complex. We present evidence for the existence of the following protein-protein complexes: lambda P.DnaK, lambda P.DnaJ, DnaJ.DnaK, DnaK.GrpE, and lambda P.DnaK.GrpE. Our results suggest that the presence of GrpE alone destabilizes the lambda P.DnaK complex, whereas the presence of DnaJ alone stabilizes the lambda P.DnaK complex. Using immunoprecipitation, we show that in the presence of GrpE, DnaK exhibits a higher affinity for the lambda P.DnaJ complex than it does alone. Using cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, we show that oligomeric forms of DnaK exhibit a higher affinity for lambda P than monomeric DnaK. However, in the presence of GrpE, monomeric DnaK can efficiently bind lambda P protein. These findings help explain our previous results, namely that in the GrpE-dependent lambda DNA replication system, the DnaK protein requirement can be reduced up to 10-fold.

Vasotropic light-chain amyloidosis and ischaemic cholangiopathy.

PubMed

Johnston, Emma L; Wilkinson, Mark; Knisely, A S

2015-06-25

A 75-year-old woman was incidentally found to have deranged liver function tests (LFTs). She was well, apart from 2 years of dyspnoea. Investigations had revealed atrial fibrillation and a right pleural effusion, without identified aetiology. On examination, the only finding was a palpable liver edge. Initial blood and ultrasound screening suggested no cause. The patient underwent liver biopsy. Microscopy showed κ-immunoglobulin light chains deposited exclusively in portal tracts, within blood vessel and bile duct walls. This pattern, although unusual, raised the possibility of κ-light chain disease. Serum electrophoresis was normal, as were serum immunoglobulin values. Serum concentrations of κ-light chains were elevated and microscopy of aspirated bone marrow found light-chain deposits with 10% plasmacytosis. Serum amyloid P (SAP) scintigraphy demonstrated splenic uptake. Myeloma, κ-light chain, with light-chain amyloidosis was diagnosed. The patient has responded well to cyclophosphamide, bortazomib and dexamethasone chemotherapy, and her LFTs are now nearly normal. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Amlodipine induced plasma cell granuloma of the gingiva: A novel case report.

PubMed

Vishnudas, Bhandari; Sameer, Zope; Shriram, Bansode; Rekha, Kardile

2014-07-01

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) can be a serious concern for both patients and clinicians. DIGO is a well-documented side-effect of some pharmacologic agents, including, but not limited to, calcium channel blockers, phenytoin, and cyclosporine. Plasma cell granulomas (pseudotumors) are exceedingly rare, non-neoplastic, reactive tumor-like proliferation, primarily composed of plasma cells that manifest primarily in the lungs, but may occur in various anatomic locations. Intraoral plasma cell granulomas involving the lip, oral mucosa, tongue, and gingiva have been reported in the past. This is the first case report of amlodipine induced plasma cell granuloma of the gingiva in the medical literature presenting a 54 year-old female patient with hypertension, who received amlodipine (10 mg/day, single dose orally) for 2 years, sought medical attention because of developing maxillary anterior massive gingival overgrowth causing functional and esthetic problem, which was treated by excisional biopsy. Histologically, these lesions were composed of mature plasma cells, showing polyclonality for both lambda and kappa light chains and fibrovascular connective tissue stroma confirming a diagnosis of plasma cell granuloma. This case also highlights the need to biopsy for unusual lesions to rule out potential neoplasms.

Early Prognostic Value of Monitoring Serum Free Light Chain in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

PubMed

Özkurt, Zübeyde Nur; Sucak, Gülsan Türköz; Akı, Şahika Zeynep; Yağcı, Münci; Haznedar, Rauf

2017-03-16

We hypothesized the levels of free light chains obtained before and after autologous stem cell transplantation can be useful in predicting transplantation outcome. We analyzed 70 multiple myeloma patients. Abnormal free light chain ratios before stem cell transplantation were found to be associated early progression, although without any impact on overall survival. At day +30, the normalization of levels of involved free light chain related with early progression. According to these results almost one-third reduction of free light chain levels can predict favorable prognosis after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Physical interactions between bacteriophage and Escherichia coli proteins required for initiation of lambda DNA replication.

PubMed

Liberek, K; Osipiuk, J; Zylicz, M; Ang, D; Skorko, J; Georgopoulos, C

1990-02-25

The process of initiation of lambda DNA replication requires the assembly of the proper nucleoprotein complex at the origin of replication, ori lambda. The complex is composed of both phage and host-coded proteins. The lambda O initiator protein binds specifically to ori lambda. The lambda P initiator protein binds to both lambda O and the host-coded dnaB helicase, giving rise to an ori lambda DNA.lambda O.lambda P.dnaB structure. The dnaK and dnaJ heat shock proteins have been shown capable of dissociating this complex. The thus freed dnaB helicase unwinds the duplex DNA template at the replication fork. In this report, through cross-linking, size chromatography, and protein affinity chromatography, we document some of the protein-protein interactions occurring at ori lambda. Our results show that the dnaK protein specifically interacts with both lambda O and lambda P, and that the dnaJ protein specifically interacts with the dnaB helicase.

Difluorophosphoryl nitrene F2P(O)N: matrix isolation and unexpected rearrangement to F2PNO.

PubMed

Zeng, Xiaoqing; Beckers, Helmut; Willner, Helge; Neuhaus, Patrik; Grote, Dirk; Sander, Wolfram

2009-12-14

Triplet difluorophosphoryl nitrene F(2)P(O)N (X(3)A'') was generated on ArF excimer laser irradiation (lambda=193 nm) of F(2)P(O)N(3) in solid argon matrix at 16 K, and characterized by its matrix IR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectra, in combination with DFT and CBS-QB3 calculations. On visible light irradiation (lambda>420 nm) at 16 K F(2)P(O)N reacts with molecular nitrogen and some of the azide is regenerated. UV irradiation (lambda=255 nm) of F(2)P(O)N (X(3)A'') induced a Curtius-type rearrangement, but instead of a 1,3-fluorine shift, nitrogen migration to give F(2)PON is proposed to be the first step of the photoisomerization of F(2)P(O)N into F(2)PNO (difluoronitrosophosphine). Formation of novel F(2)PNO was confirmed with (15)N- and (18)O-enriched isotopomers by IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Theoretical calculations predict a rather long P-N bond of 1.922 A [B3LYP/6-311+G(3df)] and low bond-dissociation energy of 76.3 kJ mol(-1) (CBS-QB3) for F(2)PNO.

Retaining the equilibrium point hypothesis as an abstract description of the neuromuscular system.

PubMed

Tresilian, J R

1999-01-01

The lambda version of the equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis for motor control is examined in light of recent criticisms of its various instantiations. Four important assumptions that have formed the basis for recent criticism are analyzed: First, the assumption that intact muscles possess invariant force-length characteristics (ICs). Second, that these ICs are of the same form in agonist-antagonist pairs. Third, that muscle control is monoparametric and that the control parameter, lambda, can be given a neurophysiological interpretation. Fourth, that reflex loop time delays and the known, asymmetric, nonlinear mechanical properties of muscles can be ignored. Mechanical and neurophysiological investigations of the neuromuscular system suggests that none of these assumptions is likely to be correct. This has been taken to mean that the EP hypothesis is oversimplified and a new approach is needed. It is argued that such an approach can be provided without rejecting the EP hypothesis, rather to regard it as an input-output description of muscle and associated segmental circuits. The operation of the segmental circuitry can be interpreted as having the function, at least in part, of compensating for a variety of nonlinearities and asymmetries such that the overall system implements the lambda-EP model equations.

In vivo gene delivery and expression by bacteriophage lambda vectors.

PubMed

Lankes, H A; Zanghi, C N; Santos, K; Capella, C; Duke, C M P; Dewhurst, S

2007-05-01

Bacteriophage vectors have potential as gene transfer and vaccine delivery vectors because of their low cost, safety and physical stability. However, little is known concerning phage-mediated gene transfer in mammalian hosts. We therefore performed experiments to examine phage-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Mice were inoculated with recombinant lambda phage containing a mammalian expression cassette encoding firefly luciferase (luc). Efficient, dose-dependent in vivo luc expression was detected, which peaked within 24 h of delivery and declined to undetectable levels within a week. Display of an integrin-binding peptide increased cellular internalization of phage in vitro and enhanced phage-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Finally, in vivo depletion of phagocytic cells using clodronate liposomes had only a minor effect on the efficiency of phage-mediated gene transfer. Unmodified lambda phage particles are capable of transducing mammalian cells in vivo, and may be taken up -- at least in part -- by nonphagocytic mechanisms. Surface modifications that enhance phage uptake result in more efficient in vivo gene transfer. These experiments shed light on the mechanisms involved in phage-mediated gene transfer in vivo, and suggest new approaches that may enhance the efficiency of this process.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Y.; Sun, C.P.

We study the propagation of a probe light in an ensemble of {lambda}-type atoms, utilizing the dynamic symmetry as recently discovered when the atoms are coupled to a classical control field and a quantum probe field [Sun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 147903 (2003)]. Under two-photon resonance, we calculate the group velocity of the probe light with collective atomic excitations. Our result gives the dependence of the group velocity on the common one-photon detuning, and can be compared with the recent experiment of E. E. Mikhailov, Y. V. Rostovtsev, and G. R. Welch, e-print quant-ph/0309173.

Stray Light Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Based on a Small Business Innovation Research contract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, TracePro is state-of-the-art interactive software created by Lambda Research Corporation to detect stray light in optical systems. An image can be ruined by incidental light in an optical system. To maintain image excellence from an optical system, stray light must be detected and eliminated. TracePro accounts for absorption, specular reflection and refraction, scattering and aperture diffraction of light. Output from the software consists of spatial irradiance plots and angular radiance plots. Results can be viewed as contour maps or as ray histories in tabular form. TracePro is adept at modeling solids such as lenses, baffles, light pipes, integrating spheres, non-imaging concentrators, and complete illumination systems. The firm's customer base includes Lockheed Martin, Samsung Electronics and other manufacturing, optical, aerospace, and educational companies worldwide.

Tables of Transition Probabilities and Branching Ratios for Electric Dipole Transitions Between Arbitrary Levels of Hydrogen-Like Atoms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Omidvar, K.

1980-01-01

Branching ratios in hydrogen-like atoms due to electric-dipole transitions are tabulated for the initial principal and angular momentum quantum number n, lambda, and final principal and angular momentum quantum numbers n, lambda. In table 1, transition probabilities are given for transitions n, lambda, yields n, where sums have been made with respect to lambda. In this table, 2 or = n' or = 10, o or = lambda' or = n'-1, and 1 or = n or = n'-1. In addition, averages with respect to lambda' and sums with respect to n, and lifetimes are given. In table 2, branching ratios are given for transitions n' lambda' yields ni, where sums have been made with respect to lambda. In these tables, 2 or = n' or = 10, 0 or = lambda', n'-1, and 1 or = n or = n'-1. Averages with respect to lambda' are also given. In table 3, branching ratios are given for transitions n' lambda' yields in lambda, where 1 or = n or = 5, 0 or = lambda or = n-1, n n' or = 15, and 0 or = lambda' or = n(s), where n(s), is the smaller of the two numbers n'-1 and 6. Averages with respect to lambda' are given.

Measurement of the Λ b cross section and the Λ ¯ b to Λ b ratio with J / ψ Λ decays in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV

DOE PAGES

Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; ...

2012-05-31

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versusmore » pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.« less

First observation and measurement of the resonant structure of the lambda_b->lambda_c pi-pi+pi- decay mode

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azzurri, P.; Barria, P.; Ciocci, M.A.

The authors present the first observation of the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay using data from an integrated luminosity of approximately 2.4 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. They also present the first observation of the resonant decays {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup 0} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{pi}{sup -}more » {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, and measure their relative branching ratios.« less

Spin correlations in the {Lambda}{Lambda} and {Lambda}{Lambda}-bar systems generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyuboshitz, V. L.; Lyuboshitz, V. V., E-mail: Valery.Lyuboshitz@jinr.r

2010-05-15

Spin correlations for the {Lambda}{Lambda} and {Lambda}{Lambda}-bar pairs, generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and related angular correlations at the joint registration of hadronic decays of two hyperons, in which space parity is not conserved, are analyzed. The correlation tensor components can be derived from the double angular distribution of products of two decays by the method of 'moments'. The properties of the 'trace' of the correlation tensor (a sum of three diagonal components), determining the relative fractions of the triplet states and singlet state of respective pairs, are discussed. Spin correlations for two identical particles ({Lambda}{Lambda}) and two nonidentical particlesmore » ({Lambda}{Lambda}-bar) are considered from the viewpoint of the conventional model of one-particle sources. In the framework of this model, correlations vanish at sufficiently large relative momenta. However, under these conditions, in the case of two nonidentical particles ({Lambda}{Lambda}-bar) a noticeable role is played by two-particle annihilation (two-quark, two-gluon) sources, which lead to the difference of the correlation tensor from zero. In particular, such a situation may arise when the system passes through the 'mixed phase.'« less

An investigation into UV light exposure as an experimental model for artificial aging on tensile strength and force delivery of elastomeric chain.

PubMed

Wahab, Siti Waznah; Bister, Dirk; Sherriff, Martyn

2014-02-01

This study investigated the effect of ultraviolet type A light (UVA) exposure on the tensile properties of elastomeric chain. UVA light exposure was used as model for artificial aging, simulating prolonged storage of elastomeric chain. Tensile strength (n = 60) was measured after exposing Ormco, Forestadent and 3M chains to UVA light for 0, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Force decay was measured (n = 60) using chain exposed for 5, 10, and 14 days. The chains were subsequently stretched at a constant distance and the resulting forces measured at 0, 1, 24 hours and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. This test simulated a clinical scenario of pre-stretching and subsequent shortening of elastomeric chain. Tensile strength had statistically significant difference and was directly related to the duration of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Forestadent chain, which had the second highest value for the 'as received' product, showed the most consistent values over time with the lowest degradation. Ormco showed the lowest values for 'as received' as well as after UV exposure; 3M chain had the highest loss of tensile strength. Force decay was also significantly different. UV light exposure of 10 days or more appears to mark a 'watershed' between products: 3M had most survivors, Forestadent chain had some survivors, depending on the time the chain was stretched for. None of the Ormco product survived UV light exposure for more than 5 days. UVA light exposure may be used as a model for artificial aging as it reduces force delivery and tensile strength of exposed chains.

Structure and energetic basis of overrepresented λ light chain in systemic light chain amyloidosis patients.

PubMed

Zhao, Jun; Zhang, Baohong; Zhu, Jianwei; Nussinov, Ruth; Ma, Buyong

2018-06-01

Amyloid formation and deposition of immunoglobulin light-chain proteins in systemic amyloidosis (AL) cause major organ failures. While the κ light-chain is dominant (λ/κ=1:2) in healthy individuals, λ is highly overrepresented (λ/κ=3:1) in AL patients. The structural basis of the amyloid formation and the sequence preference are unknown. We examined the correlation between sequence and structural stability of dimeric variable domains of immunoglobulin light chains using molecular dynamics simulations of 24 representative dimer interfaces, followed by energy evaluation of conformational ensembles for 20 AL patients' light chain sequences. We identified a stable interface with displaced N-terminal residues, provides the structural basis for AL protein fibrils formation. Proline isomerization may cause the N-terminus to adopt amyloid-prone conformations. We found that λ light-chains prefer misfolded dimer conformation, while κ chain structures are stabilized by a natively folded dimer. Our study may facilitate structure-based small molecule and antibody design to inhibit AL. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Accelerating Precision Medicine through Genetic and Genomic Big Data Analysis edited by Yudong Cai & Tao Huang. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

UTILIZING SYNTHETIC UV SPECTRA TO EXPLORE THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAMBDA BOÖTIS STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Kwang-Ping; Johnson, Dustin M.; Tarbell, Erik S.

2016-04-15

Lambda Boo-type stars are a group of late B to early F-type Population I dwarfs that show mild to extreme deficiencies of iron-peak elements (up to 2 dex), but their C, N, O, and S abundances are near solar. This intriguing stellar class has recently regained the spotlight because of the directly imaged planets around a confirmed Lambda Boo star, HR 8799, and a suggested Lambda Boo star, Beta Pictoris. The discovery of a giant asteroid belt around Vega, another possible Lambda Boo star, also suggests hidden planets. The possible link between Lambda Boo stars and planet-bearing stars motivates usmore » to study Lambda Boo stars systematically. Since the peculiar nature of the prototype Lambda Boötis was first noticed in 1943, Lambda Boo candidates published in the literature have been selected using widely different criteria. In order to determine the origin of Lambda Boo stars’ unique abundance pattern and to better discriminate between theories explaining the Lambda Boo phenomenon, a consistent working definition of Lambda Boo stars is needed. We have re-evaluated all published Lambda Boo candidates and their available ultraviolet and visible spectra. In this paper, using observed and synthetic spectra, we explore the physical basis for the classification of Lambda Boo stars, and develop quantitative criteria that discriminate metal-poor stars from bona fide Lambda Boo stars. Based on these stricter Lambda Boo classification criteria, we conclude that neither Beta Pictoris nor Vega should be classified as Lambda Boo stars.« less

High precision wavefront control in point spread function engineering for single emitter localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siemons, M.; Hulleman, C. N.; Thorsen, R. Ø.; Smith, C. S.; Stallinga, S.

2018-04-01

Point Spread Function (PSF) engineering is used in single emitter localization to measure the emitter position in 3D and possibly other parameters such as the emission color or dipole orientation as well. Advanced PSF models such as spline fits to experimental PSFs or the vectorial PSF model can be used in the corresponding localization algorithms in order to model the intricate spot shape and deformations correctly. The complexity of the optical architecture and fit model makes PSF engineering approaches particularly sensitive to optical aberrations. Here, we present a calibration and alignment protocol for fluorescence microscopes equipped with a spatial light modulator (SLM) with the goal of establishing a wavefront error well below the diffraction limit for optimum application of complex engineered PSFs. We achieve high-precision wavefront control, to a level below 20 m$\\lambda$ wavefront aberration over a 30 minute time window after the calibration procedure, using a separate light path for calibrating the pixel-to-pixel variations of the SLM, and alignment of the SLM with respect to the optical axis and Fourier plane within 3 $\\mu$m ($x/y$) and 100 $\\mu$m ($z$) error. Aberrations are retrieved from a fit of the vectorial PSF model to a bead $z$-stack and compensated with a residual wavefront error comparable to the error of the SLM calibration step. This well-calibrated and corrected setup makes it possible to create complex `3D+$\\lambda$' PSFs that fit very well to the vectorial PSF model. Proof-of-principle bead experiments show precisions below 10~nm in $x$, $y$, and $\\lambda$, and below 20~nm in $z$ over an axial range of 1 $\\mu$m with 2000 signal photons and 12 background photons.

Intense excitation source of blue-green laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Kwang S.

1986-10-01

An intense and efficient source for blue green laser useful for the space-based satellite laser applications, underwater strategic communication, and measurement of ocean bottom profile is being developed. The source in use, the hypocycloidal pinch plasma (HCP), and the dense plasma focus (DPF) can produce intense uv photons (200 to 400nm) which match the absorption spectra of both near UV and blue green dye lasers (300 to 400nm). As a result of optimization of the DPF light at 355nm, the blue green dye (LD490) laser output exceeding 4mJ was obtained at the best cavity tunning of the laser system. With the HCP pumped system a significant enhancement of the blue green laser outputs with dye LD490 and coumarin 503 has been achieved through the spectrum conversion of the pumping light by mixing a converter dye BBQ. The maximum increase of laser output with the dye mixture of LD490+BBQ and coumarin 503+BBQ was greater than 80%. In addition, the untunned near UV lasers were also obtained. The near UV laser output energy of P-terphenyl dye was 0.5mJ at lambda sub C=337nm with the bandwidth of 3n m for the pulse duration of 0.2us. Another near UV laser output energy obtained with BBQ dye was 25 mJ at lambda sub C=383nm with the bandwidth of 3nm for the pulse duration of 0.2us. Another near UV laser output energy obtained with BBQ dye was 25 mJ at lambda sub C=383nm with the bandwidth of 3nm for the pulse duration of 0.2microsec.

Parallel O(log n) algorithms for open- and closed-chain rigid multibody systems based on a new mass matrix factorization technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fijany, Amir

1993-01-01

In this paper, parallel O(log n) algorithms for computation of rigid multibody dynamics are developed. These parallel algorithms are derived by parallelization of new O(n) algorithms for the problem. The underlying feature of these O(n) algorithms is a drastically different strategy for decomposition of interbody force which leads to a new factorization of the mass matrix (M). Specifically, it is shown that a factorization of the inverse of the mass matrix in the form of the Schur Complement is derived as M(exp -1) = C - B(exp *)A(exp -1)B, wherein matrices C, A, and B are block tridiagonal matrices. The new O(n) algorithm is then derived as a recursive implementation of this factorization of M(exp -1). For the closed-chain systems, similar factorizations and O(n) algorithms for computation of Operational Space Mass Matrix lambda and its inverse lambda(exp -1) are also derived. It is shown that these O(n) algorithms are strictly parallel, that is, they are less efficient than other algorithms for serial computation of the problem. But, to our knowledge, they are the only known algorithms that can be parallelized and that lead to both time- and processor-optimal parallel algorithms for the problem, i.e., parallel O(log n) algorithms with O(n) processors. The developed parallel algorithms, in addition to their theoretical significance, are also practical from an implementation point of view due to their simple architectural requirements.

Bivariate- distribution for transition matrix elements in Breit-Wigner to Gaussian domains of interacting particle systems.

PubMed

Kota, V K B; Chavda, N D; Sahu, R

2006-04-01

Interacting many-particle systems with a mean-field one-body part plus a chaos generating random two-body interaction having strength lambda exhibit Poisson to Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and Breit-Wigner (BW) to Gaussian transitions in level fluctuations and strength functions with transition points marked by lambda = lambda c and lambda = lambda F, respectively; lambda F > lambda c. For these systems a theory for the matrix elements of one-body transition operators is available, as valid in the Gaussian domain, with lambda > lambda F, in terms of orbital occupation numbers, level densities, and an integral involving a bivariate Gaussian in the initial and final energies. Here we show that, using a bivariate-t distribution, the theory extends below from the Gaussian regime to the BW regime up to lambda = lambda c. This is well tested in numerical calculations for 6 spinless fermions in 12 single-particle states.

Green fluorescent protein as a reporter of gene expression and protein localization.

PubMed

Kain, S R; Adams, M; Kondepudi, A; Yang, T T; Ward, W W; Kitts, P

1995-10-01

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is rapidly becoming an important reporter molecule for monitoring gene expression and protein localization in vivo, in situ and in real time. GFP emits bright green light (lambda max = 509 nm) when excited with UV or blue light (lambda max = 395 nm, minor peak at 470 nm). The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of GFP are similar to those of fluorescein, and the conditions used to visualize this fluorophore are also suitable for GFP. Unlike other bioluminescent reporters, the chromophore in GFP is intrinsic to the primary structure of the protein, and GFP fluorescence does not require a substrate or cofactor. GFP fluorescence is stable, species-independent and can be monitored non-invasively in living cells and, in the case of transparent organisms, whole animals. Here we demonstrate GFP fluorescence in bacterial and mammalian cells and introduce our Living Colors line of GFP reporter vectors, GFP protein and anti-GFP antiserum. The reporter vectors for GFP include a promoterless GFP vector for monitoring the expression of cloned promoters/enhancers in mammalian cells and a series of six vectors for creating fusion protein to either the N or C terminus of GFP.

Injection efficiency of bound modes. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Egalon, Claudio Oliveira

1990-01-01

Previous work on efficiency of light injection into the core of a fiber from a thin film and a bulk distribution of sources in the cladding have used the fields of a weakly guiding fiber. This approximation simplifies the analysis of the power efficiency by introducing universal values for the eigenvalues of different fibers with the same V-number, but cannot predict accurately the behavior of the injected light into a fiber with arbitrary differences in indices of refraction. The exact field solution was used in the expressions of the power efficiency, p sub eff, and its behavior as a function of the fiber parameter was analyzed. Weakly guiding results obtained previously are confirmed. However, P sub eff does not always increase with the V-number but with the difference in the indices of refraction, eta sub core-eta sub clad. For the bulk distribution it was found that P sub eff increases with the wavelength, lambda, and decreases with the fiber core radius, a, i.e., it decreases with the V-number. However, for the thin film, the P sub eff remains almost constant with lambda and the fiber core radius.

The role of exoproteases in governing intraneuronal metabolism of botulinum toxin.

PubMed

Simpson, Lance L; Maksymowych, Andrew B; Kouguchi, Hirokazu; Dubois, Garrett; Bora, Roop S; Joshi, Suresh

2005-04-01

Botulinum toxin type A has a long duration of action, and thus it can block transmitter release for several weeks to several months. However, little is known about the precise mechanism that accounts for termination of toxin action. Therefore, experiments were done to gauge the effects of aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases on the structure and function of the toxin. Exoproteases were added to the holotoxin, the native light chain, and a recombinant light chain. Treated toxin and light chain were examined for their effects on neuromuscular transmission and on isolated substrate. The data showed that aminopeptidase attack did not alter the N-terminus of the toxin/light chain, nor did it produce losses in biological activity. Carboxypeptidase attack did alter the C-terminus of the light chain, but not sufficiently to alter biological activity. The data suggest that the tertiary structure of the light chain confers upon the molecule substantial resistance to exoproteases.

Correlation Measurement of Lambda-anti-Lambda, Lambda-Lambda and anti-Lambda-anti-Lambda with the ATLAS detector at s=7 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Hok-Chuen

This thesis summaries the measurements of correlations between Lambda 0Lambda0, Lambda0Lambda 0, and Lambda0Lambda 0 hyperon pairs produced inclusively at the LHC, which are useful for a better understanding of the quark-antiquark pair production and jet fragmentation and hadronization processes. The analysis is based on hyperon pairs selected using the muon and minimum bias data samples collected at the ATLAS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2010. Excess Lambda0Lambda 0 are observed near the production threshold and are identified to be originated from the parton system in the string model in the MC sample, decaying either directly or through heavy strange resonances such as Sigma0 and Sigma*(1385). Dynamical correlations have been explored through a correlation function defined as the ratio of two-particle to single-particle densities. Positive correlation is observed for Lambda0Lambda0 and anticorrelation is observed for Lambda0Lambda 0 and Lambda0Lambda 0 for Q in [0,2] GeV. The structure replicates similar correlations in pp, pp, and pppp events in PYTHIA generator as predicted by the Lund string fragmentation model. Parameters of the "popcorn" mechanism implemented in the PYTHIA generator are tuned and are found to have little impact on the structure observed. The spin composition of the sample is extracted using a data-driven reference sample built by event mixing. Appropriate corrections have been made to the kinematic distributions in the reference sample by kinematic weighting to make sure that the detector effects are well modeled. A modified Pearson's chi2 test statistics is calculated for the costheta* distribution to determine the best-fitted A-value for data. The results are consistent with zero for both like-type and unlike-type hyperon pairs in Q ∈ [0,10] GeV and Q ∈ [1,10] GeV respectively. The data statistics in the range of Q ∈ [0, 1] GeV is currently too low for the estimation of the emitter size for Fermi-Dirac correlation.

X-ray clusters in a cold dark matter + lambda universe: A direct, large-scale, high-resolution, hydrodynamic simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cen, Renyue; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.

1994-01-01

A new, three-dimensional, shock-capturing, hydrodynamic code is utilized to determine the distribution of hot gas in a cold dark matter (CDM) + lambda model universe. Periodic boundary conditions are assumed: a box with size 85/h Mpc, having cell size 0.31/h Mpc, is followed in a simulation with 270(exp 3) = 10(exp 7.3) cells. We adopt omega = 0.45, lambda = 0.55, h identically equal to H/100 km/s/Mpc = 0.6, and then, from the cosmic background explorer (COBE) and light element nucleosynthesis, sigma(sub 8) = 0.77, omega(sub b) = 0.043. We identify the X-ray emitting clusters in the simulation box, compute the luminosity function at several wavelength bands, the temperature function and estimated sizes, as well as the evolution of these quantities with redshift. This open model succeeds in matching local observations of clusters in contrast to the standard omega = 1, CDM model, which fails. It predicts an order of magnitude decline in the number density of bright (h nu = 2-10 keV) clusters from z = 0 to z = 2 in contrast to a slight increase in the number density for standard omega = 1, CDM model. This COBE-normalized CDM + lambda model produces approximately the same number of X-ray clusters having L(sub x) greater than 10(exp 43) erg/s as observed. The background radiation field at 1 keV due to clusters is approximately the observed background which, after correction for numerical effects, again indicates that the model is consistent with observations.

He II lambda-4686 in Eta Carinae: Collapse of the Wind-Wind Collision Region During Periastron Passage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Teodoro, M.; Damineli, A.; Arias, J. I.; DeAraujo, F. X.; Barba, R. H.; Corcoran, M. F.; Fernandes, M. Borges; Fernandez-Lajus, E.; Fraga, L.; Gamen, R. C.;

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akaishi, Yoshinori; College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501; Myint, Khin Swe

The overbinding problem of {sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He is solved by introducing a concept of coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling which is equivalent to a {lambda}NN three-body force. This three-body force is coherently enhanced in the 0{sup +} states of {sub {lambda}}{sup 4}H and {sub {lambda}}{sup 4}He. The 0{sup +}-1{sup +} splitting in these hypernuclei is mainly due to coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling and partly due to the {lambda}N spin-spin interaction. A {lambda}NN three-body potential is derived from the coupled-channel treatment. The origin of the repulsive and attractive nature of the three-body force is discussed. Coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling becomes more important in neutron-rich hypernucleimore » and especially in neutron-star matter at high densities. The possible existence of ''hyperheavy hydrogen'', {sub {lambda}}{sup 6}H, is suggested.« less

Clinicopathologic characteristics of light chain proximal tubulopathy with light chain inclusions involving multiple renal cell types
.

PubMed

Li, Xiaomei; Xu, Feng; Liang, Dandan; Liang, Shaoshan; Zhu, Xiaodong; Zhang, Mingchao; Huang, Xianghua; Liu, Zhihong; Zeng, Caihong

2018-02-01

Light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) associated with plasma cell dyscrasias is a rare abnormality, especially cases involving multiple cell types. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and outcomes of these diseases. We comprehensively evaluated the clinical-pathological data, treatment, and outcomes of 6 LCPT patients with involvement of multiple cell types. In 3 cases, we found that the inclusions largely existed in tubular cells, while in 2 cases they coexisted in podocytes and tubular cells, and in 1 case they coexisted in histiocytes and tubular cells. The stain features and appearances of inclusions were specific and varied. Five patients displayed κ-light chains with crystal formation, while 1 patient displayed a λ subtype with increased lysosomes instead of crystals. Six patients presented with proteinuria, 4 with renal insufficiency, and 4 with complete or partial Fanconi syndrome. Our findings indicate that tubular cells are the most common location of cytoplasmic inclusions. Cases with κ-light chain storage are more common than λ, and the formation of crystals may be associated with the subtype of light chains. Immunoelectron microscopy could be used to increase sensitivity for the detection and location of monoclonal light chains. Therefore, these patients have some common clinical features with varied pathologic characteristics and prognoses but the same subtype of light chains.
.

Nuclease-resistant double-stranded DNA controls or standards for hepatitis B virus nucleic acid amplification assays

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Identical blood samples tested using different kits can give markedly different hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, which can cause difficulty in the interpretation of viral load. A universal double-stranded DNA control or standard that can be used in all commercial HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification assay kits is urgently needed. By aligning all HBV genotypes (A-H), we found that the surface antigen gene and precore-core gene regions of HBV are the most conserved regions among the different HBV genotypes. We constructed a chimeric fragment by overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction and obtained a 1,349-bp HBVC+S fragment. We then packaged the fragment into lambda phages using a traditional lambda phage cloning procedure. Results The obtained armored DNA was resistant to DNase I digestion and was stable, noninfectious to humans, and could be easily extracted using commercial kits. More importantly, the armored DNA may be used with all HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification assay kits. Conclusions The lambda phage packaging system can be used as an excellent expression platform for armored DNA. The obtained armored DNA possessed all characteristics of an excellent positive control or standard. In addition, this armored DNA is likely to be appropriate for all commercial HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification detection kits. Thus, the constructed armored DNA can probably be used as a universal positive control or standard in HBV DNA assays. PMID:20025781

Role of the Escherichia coli grpE heat shock protein in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication.

PubMed

Osipiuk, J; Zylicz, M

1991-01-01

Initiation of replication of lambda DNA requires assembly of the proper nucleoprotein complex consisting of the lambda origin of replication-lambda O-lambda P-dnaB proteins. The dnaJ, dnaK and grpE heat shock proteins destabilize the lambda P-dnaB interaction in this complex permitting dnaB helicase to unwind lambda DNA near ori lambda sequence. First step of this disassembling reaction is the binding of dnaK protein to lambda P protein. In this report we examined the influence of dnaJ and grpE proteins on stability of the lambda P-dnaK complex. Our results show that grpE alone dissociates this complex, but both grpE and dnaJ together do not. These results suggest that, in the presence of grpE protein, dnaK protein has a higher affinity for lambda P protein complexed with dnaJ protein than in the situation where grpE protein is not used.

Measurement of sigma Lambda b0/sigma B0 x B(Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi-)/B(B0-->D+pi-) in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Ambrose, D; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arguin, J-F; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Belforte, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Budroni, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Ciljak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Cyr, D; DaRonco, S; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; D'Onofrio, M; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; DiTuro, P; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Donega, M; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Foland, A; Forrester, S; Foster, G W; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, A; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Griffiths, M; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ishizawa, Y; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jensen, H; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kovalev, A; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kravchenko, I; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; Le, Y; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Loverre, P; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Manca, G; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Piedra, J; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Portell, X; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prakoshyn, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ranjan, N; Rappoccio, S; Reisert, B; Rekovic, V; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Saarikko, H; Sabik, S; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Salamanna, G; Saltó, O; Saltzberg, D; Sánchez, C; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savard, P; Savoy-Navarro, A; Scheidle, T; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scott, A L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sfyrla, A; Shapiro, M D; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Sjolin, J; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Takikawa, K; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tseng, J; Tsuchiya, R; Tsuno, S; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Unverhau, T; Uozumi, S; Usynin, D; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waschke, S; Waters, D; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-03-23

We present the first observation of the baryon decay Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi- followed by Lambda c+-->pK-pi+ in 106 pb-1 pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV in the CDF experiment. In order to reduce systematic error, the measured rate for Lambda b0 decay is normalized to the kinematically similar meson decay B0-->D+pi- followed by D+-->pi+K-pi+. We report the ratio of production cross sections (sigma) times the ratio of branching fractions (B) for the momentum region integrated above pT>6 GeV/c and pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.3: sigma(pp-->Lambda b0X)/sigma(pp-->B0X)xB(Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi-)/B(B0-->D+pi-)=0.82+/-0.08(stat)+/-0.11(syst)+/-0.22[B(Lambda c+-->pK-pi+)].

Uses of monoclonial antibody 8H9

DOEpatents

Cheung, Nai-Kong V.

2015-06-23

This invention provides an antibody that binds the same antigen as that of monoclonal antibody 8H9, wherein the heavy chain CDR (Complementary Determining Region)1 comprises NYDIN, heavy chain CDR2 comprises WIFPGDGSTQY, heavy chain CDR3 comprises QTTATWFAY, and the light chain CDR1 comprises RASQSISDYLH, light chain CDR2 comprises YASQSIS, and light chain CDR3 comprises QNGHSFPLT. In another embodiment, there is provided a polypeptide that binds the same antigen as that of monoclonal antibody 8H9, wherein the polypeptide comprises NYDIN, WIFPGDGSTQY, QTTATWFAY, RASQSISDYLH, YASQSIS, and QNGHSFPLT.

Stable carbon isotope fractionation during the biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin.

PubMed

Shen, Xiaoli; Xu, Zemin; Zhang, Xichang; Yang, Fangxing

2015-11-01

In this study, the microbial degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in soil was investigated using compound-specific stable isotope analysis. The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin was biodegraded in soil under laboratory conditions. The half-lives of lambda-cyhalothrin were determined to be 49 and 161 days in non-sterile and sterile soils spiked with 2mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin and 84 and 154 days in non-sterile and sterile soils spiked with 10mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin resulted in carbon isotope fractionation, which shifted from -29.0‰ to -26.5‰ in soil spiked with 2mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin, and to -27.5‰ with 10mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin. A relationship was established between the stable carbon isotope fraction and the residual concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin by the Rayleigh equation in which the carbon isotope enrichment factor ε of the microbial degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in the soil was calculated as -2.53‰. This study provides an approach to quantitatively evaluate the biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in soil in field studies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Free Light Chain Assays:  Freelite and N Latex in Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Predicting Survival in Light Chain Amyloidosis.

PubMed

Mahmood, Shameem; Wassef, Nancy L; Salter, Simon J; Sachchithanantham, Sajitha; Lane, T; Foard, D; Whelan, Carol J; Lachmann, Helen J; Gillmore, Julian D; Hawkins, Philip N; Wechalekar, Ashutosh D

2016-07-01

Measurement of serum free light chains (FLCs) is critical in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment responses in light chain (AL) amyloidosis. We compare the Freelite assay (polyclonal antibodies to hidden light chain epitopes), which is the current gold standard, with a new assay: a mixture of monoclonal antibodies to light chain epitopes (N Latex). We collected 240 serum samples from 94 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis (at least three serial serum samples during the first 6 months) analyzed at the National Amyloidosis Centre, London, from January 2011 to April 2012. Concordance in detecting abnormal light chain components and hematologic response was assessed at 2, 4, and 6 months. The κ and λ clonal light chain involvement was 21% and 79%, respectively, with an abnormal κ/λ ratio or detectable protein in 78.7%. Median κ, λ, and difference in involved and uninvolved FLCs by Freelite and N Latex assays were 17.3 vs 16 mg/L (R(2 ) = 0.91), 48.8 vs 52.6 mg/L (R(2) = 0.52), and 43.2 vs 39.1 mg/L, respectively. Discordant κ/λ ratios at presentation were as follows: 10 of 90 abnormal by Freelite/normal by N Latex and 11 of 90 abnormal by N Latex/normal by Freelite. Both FLC assays show good correlation in detecting the abnormal light chain subtype with discordance in absolute values and thus are not interchangeable. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Inhibition of the protease activity of the light chain of type A botulinum neurotoxin by aqueous extract from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) leaf.

PubMed

Gul, Nizamettin; Ahmed, S Ashraf; Smith, Leonard A

2004-11-01

We investigated the inhibitory effect of stinging nettle leaf extract on the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. The nettle leaf infusion was fractionated and HPLC-based enzymatic assays were performed to determine the capacity of each fraction to inhibit the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. Assay results demonstrated that a water-soluble fraction obtained from the nettle leaf infusion inhibited type A, but did not inhibit type B light chain protease activity. The inhibition mode of water soluble fraction against protease activity of type A light chain was analyzed and found to be a non-competitive.

Dynamics of a family of transcendental meromorphic functions having rational Schwarzian derivative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sajid, M.; Kapoor, G. P.

2007-02-01

In the present paper, a class of critically finite transcendental meromorphic functions having rational Schwarzian derivative is introduced and the dynamics of functions in one parameter family is investigated. It is found that there exist two parameter values [lambda]*=[phi](0)>0 and , where and is the real root of [phi]'(x)=0, such that the Fatou sets of f[lambda](z) for [lambda]=[lambda]* and [lambda]=[lambda]** contain parabolic domains. A computationally useful characterization of the Julia set of the function f[lambda](z) as the complement of the basin of attraction of an attracting real fixed point of f[lambda](z) is established and applied for the generation of the images of the Julia sets of f[lambda](z). Further, it is observed that the Julia set of explodes to whole complex plane for [lambda]>[lambda]**. Finally, our results found in the present paper are compared with the recent results on dynamics of one parameter families [lambda]tanz, [R.L. Devaney, L. Keen, Dynamics of meromorphic maps: Maps with polynomial Schwarzian derivative, Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. 22 (4) (1989) 55-79; L. Keen, J. Kotus, Dynamics of the family [lambda]tan(z), Conform. Geom. Dynam. 1 (1997) 28-57; G.M. Stallard, The Hausdorff dimension of Julia sets of meromorphic functions, J. London Math. Soc. 49 (1994) 281-295] and , [lambda]>0 [G.P. Kapoor, M. Guru Prem Prasad, Dynamics of : The Julia set and bifurcation, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 18 (1998) 1363-1383].

[A wrong move in an amateur football player reveals a light chain myeloma].

PubMed

Peyneau, Marine; Nassiri, Shiva; Myara, Anne; Ohana, Salomon; Laplanche, Sophie

2016-01-01

Light chain multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by an excess of tumor plasma cells in the bone marrow and a monoclonal light chain in blood. It is generally diagnosed in patients aged 60-75 years old. Hypercalcemia, anemia, kidney failure, and bone pains are the main clinical and biological signs. Here is an atypical case report about a 30 year-old man who was diagnosed a light chain multiple myeloma. This patient had been suffering from back pain for 5 months. Osteolytic lesions were discovered on X-rays prescribed by the family practitioner. Admitted to the Emergency department, all blood tests showed results within the normal range. The serum protein electrophoresis was also normal. Only the urine analysis showed proteinuria. The urine immunofixation electrophoresis showed a massive κ light chain. The bone marrow aspiration cell count confirmed the myeloma diagnosis with an infiltration of dystrophic plasma cells. The patient was transferred to the hematology ward of Necker Hospital for treatment of light chain myeloma.

Propagation of laser beams in scattering media.

PubMed

Zuev, V E; Kabanov, M V; Savelev, B A

1969-01-01

Experimental investigations have been undertaken of some aspects of the propagation of helium-neon gas laser radiation at lambda = 0.63 micro for different scattering media (artificial water fogs, wood smokes, model media). It has been shown that the attenuation coefficients practically coincide when coherent and incoherent radiation is scattered. The applicability limits of Bouguer-Beer's law for describing the attenuation of radiation in scattering media are investigated and the intensity of multiple forward-scattered light for different geometrical parameters of the source and radiation receiver are measured. The applicability of single scattering theory formulas for describing forward-scattered light intensity are discussed.

Jovian Chromophore Characteristics from Multispectral HST Images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strycker, Paul D.; Chanover, Nancy J.; Simon-Miller, Amy A.; Banfield, Don; Gierasch, Peter J.

2011-01-01

The chromophores responsible for coloring the jovian atmosphere are embedded within Jupiter's vertical aerosol structure. Sunlight propagates through this vertical distribution of aerosol particles, whose colors are defined by omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda), and we remotely observe the culmination of the radiative transfer as I/F(lambda). In this study, we employed a radiative transfer code to retrieve omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) for particles in Jupiter's tropospheric haze at seven wavelengths in the near-UV and visible regimes. The data consisted of images of the 2008 passage of Oval BA to the south of the Great Red Spot obtained by the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on-board the Hubble Space Telescope. We present derived particle colors for locations that were selected from 14 weather regions, which spanned a large range of observed colors. All omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves were absorbing in the blue, and omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) increased monotonically to approximately unity as wavelength increased. We found accurate fits to all omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves using an empirically derived functional form: omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) = 1 A exp(-B lambda). The best-fit parameters for the mean omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curve were A = 25.4 and B = 0.0149 for lambda in units of nm. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) on our omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) results and found that one or two independent chromophores were sufficient to produce the variations in omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda). A PCA of I/F(lambda) for the same jovian locations resulted in principal components (PCs) with roughly the same variances as the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA, but they did not result in a one-to-one mapping of PC amplitudes between the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA and I/F(lambda) PCA. We suggest that statistical analyses performed on I/ F(lambda) image cubes have limited applicability to the characterization of chromophores in the jovian atmosphere due to the sensitivity of 1/ F(lambda) to horizontal variations in the vertical aerosol distribution.

Sequence-Based Discovery Demonstrates That Fixed Light Chain Human Transgenic Rats Produce a Diverse Repertoire of Antigen-Specific Antibodies.

PubMed

Harris, Katherine E; Aldred, Shelley Force; Davison, Laura M; Ogana, Heather Anne N; Boudreau, Andrew; Brüggemann, Marianne; Osborn, Michael; Ma, Biao; Buelow, Benjamin; Clarke, Starlynn C; Dang, Kevin H; Iyer, Suhasini; Jorgensen, Brett; Pham, Duy T; Pratap, Payal P; Rangaswamy, Udaya S; Schellenberger, Ute; van Schooten, Wim C; Ugamraj, Harshad S; Vafa, Omid; Buelow, Roland; Trinklein, Nathan D

2018-01-01

We created a novel transgenic rat that expresses human antibodies comprising a diverse repertoire of heavy chains with a single common rearranged kappa light chain (IgKV3-15-JK1). This fixed light chain animal, called OmniFlic, presents a unique system for human therapeutic antibody discovery and a model to study heavy chain repertoire diversity in the context of a constant light chain. The purpose of this study was to analyze heavy chain variable gene usage, clonotype diversity, and to describe the sequence characteristics of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from immunized OmniFlic animals. Using next-generation sequencing antibody repertoire analysis, we measured heavy chain variable gene usage and the diversity of clonotypes present in the lymph node germinal centers of 75 OmniFlic rats immunized with 9 different protein antigens. Furthermore, we expressed 2,560 unique heavy chain sequences sampled from a diverse set of clonotypes as fixed light chain antibody proteins and measured their binding to antigen by ELISA. Finally, we measured patterns and overall levels of somatic hypermutation in the full B-cell repertoire and in the 2,560 mAbs tested for binding. The results demonstrate that OmniFlic animals produce an abundance of antigen-specific antibodies with heavy chain clonotype diversity that is similar to what has been described with unrestricted light chain use in mammals. In addition, we show that sequence-based discovery is a highly effective and efficient way to identify a large number of diverse monoclonal antibodies to a protein target of interest.

Mechanisms of Hyperbilirubinemia During Peginterferon Lambda-1a Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Retrospective Investigation.

PubMed

Zwirtes, Ricardo; Narasimhan, Premkumar; Wind-Rotolo, Megan M; Xu, Dong; Hruska, Matthew W; Kishnani, Narendra; Colston, Elizabeth M; Srinivasan, Subasree

2016-11-01

The phase 2b EMERGE study compared the efficacy/safety of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) and peginterferon alfa-2a (Alfa), both with ribavirin (RBV), for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A key safety finding was a higher frequency of hyperbilirubinemia with Lambda/RBV versus Alfa/RBV. To characterize mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia associated with Lambda/RBV, we conducted a retrospective analysis of safety data from the HCV genotype 1 and genotype 4 cohort of the EMERGE study. Subjects were randomized to once-weekly Lambda (120/180/240 μg) or Alfa (180 μg), with daily RBV, for 48 weeks. Early-onset Lambda/RBV-related hyperbilirubinemia events (6-12 weeks) resulted mostly from RBV-induced hemolysis evidenced by sustained reticulocytosis and a predominantly unconjugated pattern of hyperbilirubinemia. The higher hyperbilirubinemia frequency with Lambda/RBV versus Alfa/RBV was attributed to bone marrow suppression known to occur with Alfa but not Lambda. Late-onset (>12 weeks) Lambda/RBV-related hyperbilirubinemia events occurred most frequently with higher Lambda doses and were associated with increased levels of hepatic transaminase and direct bilirubin fractions compared with early events. This dual pattern of hyperbilirubinemia observed while on Lambda/RBV treatment is thought to be caused by exaggerated RBV-induced hemolysis in early-onset events compared with possible direct Lambda-induced hepatocellular toxicity in late-onset events.

Shedding light on serpent sight: the visual pigments of henophidian snakes.

PubMed

Davies, Wayne L; Cowing, Jill A; Bowmaker, James K; Carvalho, Livia S; Gower, David J; Hunt, David M

2009-06-10

The biologist Gordon Walls proposed his "transmutation" theory through the 1930s and the 1940s to explain cone-like morphology of rods (and vice versa) in the duplex retinas of modern-day reptiles, with snakes regarded as the epitome of his hypothesis. Despite Walls' interest, the visual system of reptiles, and in particular snakes, has been widely neglected in favor of studies of fishes and mammals. By analyzing the visual pigments of two henophidian snakes, Xenopeltis unicolor and Python regius, we show that both species express two cone opsins, an ultraviolet-sensitive short-wavelength-sensitive 1 (SWS1) (lambda(max) = 361 nm) pigment and a long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) (lambda(max) = 550 nm) pigment, providing the potential for dichromatic color vision. They also possess rod photoreceptors which express the usual rod opsin (Rh1) pigment with a lambda(max) at 497 nm. This is the first molecular study of the visual pigments expressed in the photoreceptors of any snake species. The presence of a duplex retina and the characterization of LWS, SWS1, and Rh1 visual pigments in henophidian snakes implies that "lower" snakes do not provide support for Walls' transmutation theory, unlike some "higher" (caenophidian) snakes and other reptiles, such as geckos. More data from other snake lineages will be required to test this hypothesis further.

Demonstration of Broadband Contrast at 1.2 Lambda/D for the EXCEDE Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Coronagraph

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sirbu, Dan; Thomas, Sandrine J.; Belikov, Ruslan; Lozi, Julien; Bendek, Eduardo; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Lynch, Dana H.; Hix, Troy; Zell, Peter; Schneider, Glenn;

SN 1994I in M51 and the nature of type Ibc supernovae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wheeler, J. C.; Harkness, R. P.; Clocchiatti, A.; Benetti, S.; Brotherton, M. S.; Depoy, D. L.; Elias, J.

1994-01-01

Early spectra of SN 1994I in M51 (NGC 5194) are presented along with arguments that is a member of the class of helium-poor Type Ic supernovae. The issue of H and He in the spectra of Type Ib and Ic events is reexamined with the conclusion that Type Ib eject substantially less H than even transition events like SN 1993J and that Type Ic eject substantially less He than Type Ib and their optical spectra are consistent with no H or He. Type Ic show and absorption of the Si II lambda 6355 blend that characterizes Type Ia. This feature requires only a solar abundance of Si. Some Type Ic show an absorption that is probably C II lambda 6580. IR spectra are presented of SN 1990W which show the line of He I lambda 10830. The strength of this feature and the rather slow decay of the late time light curve suggest that this event could be better classified as a Type Ib. Even if trace abundances of H are present in Type Ib and of He in Type Ic the spectral differences still imply a distinctly different evolution for the progenitors of Type Ib from Type Ic and events like SN 1993J.

Visible light emitting vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

DOEpatents

Bryan, Robert P.; Olbright, Gregory R.; Lott, James A.; Schneider, Jr., Richard P.

1995-01-01

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser that emits visible radiation is built upon a substrate, then having mirrors, the first mirror on top of the substrate; both sets of mirrors being a distributed Bragg reflector of either dielectrics or other materials which affect the resistivity or of semiconductors, such that the structure within the mirror comprises a plurality of sets, each having a thickness of .lambda./2n where n is the index of refraction of each of the sets; each of the mirrors adjacent to spacers which are on either side of an optically active bulk or quantum well layer; and the spacers and the optically active layer are from one of the following material systems: In.sub.z (Al.sub.y Ga.sub.1-y).sub.1-z P, InAlGaAs, AlGaAs, InGaAs, or AlGaP/GaP, wherein the optically active region having a length equal to m .lambda./2n.sub.eff where m is an integer and n.sub.eff is the effective index of refraction of the laser cavity, and the spacer layer and one of the mirrors being transmissive to radiation having a wavelength of .lambda./n, typically within the green to red portion of the visible spectrum.

Visible light emitting vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

DOEpatents

Bryan, R.P.; Olbright, G.R.; Lott, J.A.; Schneider, R.P. Jr.

1995-06-27

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser that emits visible radiation is built upon a substrate, then having mirrors, the first mirror on top of the substrate; both sets of mirrors being a distributed Bragg reflector of either dielectrics or other materials which affect the resistivity or of semiconductors, such that the structure within the mirror comprises a plurality of sets, each having a thickness of {lambda}/2n where n is the index of refraction of each of the sets; each of the mirrors adjacent to spacers which are on either side of an optically active bulk or quantum well layer; and the spacers and the optically active layer are from one of the following material systems: In{sub z}(Al{sub y}Ga{sub 1{minus}y}){sub 1{minus}z}P, InAlGaAs, AlGaAs, InGaAs, or AlGaP/GaP, wherein the optically active region having a length equal to m {lambda}/2n{sub eff} where m is an integer and n{sub eff} is the effective index of refraction of the laser cavity, and the spacer layer and one of the mirrors being transmissive to radiation having a wavelength of {lambda}/n, typically within the green to red portion of the visible spectrum. 10 figs.

Interaction between glycosaminoglycans and immunoglobulin light chains.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, X.; Myatt, E.; Lykos, P.

1997-01-01

Amyloidosis is a pathological process in which normally soluble proteins polymerize to form insoluble fibrils (amyloid). Amyloid formation is found in a number of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, adult-onset diabetes, and light-chain-associated amyloidosis. No pharmaceutical methods currently exist to prevent this process or to remove the fibrils from tissue. The search for treatment and prevention methods is hampered by a limited understanding of the biophysical basis of amyloid formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, unbranched heteropolysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide subunits and are known to associate with amyloid fibrils. The interaction of amyloid-associated free light chains with GAGs was tested bymore » both size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments. The results indicated that heparin 16 000 and chondroitin sulfate B and C precipitated both human intact light chains and recombinant light chain variable domains. Although all light chains interacted with heparin, the strongest interactions were obtained with proteins that had formed amyloid. Molecular modeling indicated the possibility of interaction between heparin and the conserved saddle like surface of the light chain dimer opposite the complementarity-determining segments that form part of the antigen-binding site of a functional antibody. This suggestion might offer a new path to block the aggregation of amyloid-associated light chain proteins, by design of antagonists based on properties of GAG binding. A hexasaccharide was modeled as the basis for a possible antagonist.« less

Visible light surface emitting semiconductor laser

DOEpatents

Olbright, Gregory R.; Jewell, Jack L.

1993-01-01

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is disclosed comprising a laser cavity sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors. The laser cavity comprises a pair of spacer layers surrounding one or more active, optically emitting quantum-well layers having a bandgap in the visible which serve as the active optically emitting material of the device. The thickness of the laser cavity is m .lambda./2n.sub.eff where m is an integer, .lambda. is the free-space wavelength of the laser radiation and n.sub.eff is the effective index of refraction of the cavity. Electrical pumping of the laser is achieved by heavily doping the bottom mirror and substrate to one conductivity-type and heavily doping regions of the upper mirror with the opposite conductivity type to form a diode structure and applying a suitable voltage to the diode structure. Specific embodiments of the invention for generating red, green, and blue radiation are described.

Generating high-current monoenergetic proton beams by a circularly polarized laser pulse in the phase-stable acceleration regime.

PubMed

Yan, X Q; Lin, C; Sheng, Z M; Guo, Z Y; Liu, B C; Lu, Y R; Fang, J X; Chen, J E

2008-04-04

A new ion acceleration method, namely, phase-stable acceleration, using circularly-polarized laser pulses is proposed. When the initial target density n(0) and thickness D satisfy a(L) approximately (n(0)/n(c))D/lambda(L) and D>l(s) with a(L), lambda(L), l(s), and n(c) the normalized laser amplitude, the laser wavelength in vacuum, the plasma skin depth, and the critical density of the incident laser pulse, respectively, a quasiequilibrium for the electrons is established by the light pressure and the space charge electrostatic field at the interacting front of the laser pulse. The ions within the skin depth of the laser pulse are synchronously accelerated and bunched by the electrostatic field, and thereby a high-intensity monoenergetic proton beam can be generated. The proton dynamics is investigated analytically and the results are verified by one- and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.

Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary-layer problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

1986-01-01

A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary layer problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

1984-01-01

A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

Measurement of the Lambda b0 lifetime in Lambda b0-->J/psi Lambda 0 in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Ambrose, D; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arguin, J-F; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Belforte, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Budroni, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carrillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carron, S; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Ciljak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Cyr, D; DaRonco, S; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; D'Onofrio, M; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; DiTuro, P; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Donega, M; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Foland, A; Forrester, S; Foster, G W; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, A; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Griffiths, M; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ishizawa, Y; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jensen, H; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kovalev, A; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kravchenko, I; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Labarga, L; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Liss, T M; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Loverre, P; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Manca, G; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nahn, S; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Piedra, J; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Portell, X; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prokoshin, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptochos, F; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ranjan, N; Rappoccio, S; Reisert, B; Rekovic, V; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Saarikko, H; Sabik, S; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Salamanna, G; Saltó, O; Saltzberg, D; Sánchez, C; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savard, P; Savoy-Navarro, A; Scheidle, T; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scott, A L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sfyrla, A; Shapiro, M D; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Sjolin, J; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Takikawa, K; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Tesarek, R J; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tsuchiya, R; Tsuno, S; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Unverhau, T; Uozumi, S; Usynin, D; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waschke, S; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-03-23

We report a measurement of the Lambda b0 lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda b0-->J/psi Lambda 0 in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using fully reconstructed decays, we measure tau(Lambda b0)=1.593(-0.078)(+0.083)(stat)+/-0.033(syst) ps. This is the single most precise measurement of tau(Lambda b0) and is 3.2sigma higher than the current world average.

Observation of the baryonic B decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.

2011-10-01

We report the observation of the baryonic B decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -} with a significance larger than 7 standard deviations based on 471x10{sup 6} BB pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC. We measure the branching fraction for the decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -} to be (3.8{+-}0.8{sub stat}{+-}0.2{sub sys}{+-}1.0{sub {Lambda}}{sub c}{sup +})x10{sup -5}. The uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty in the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} branching fraction. We find that the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -} invariant-mass distribution shows an enhancement above 3.5 GeV/c{sup 2}.

Serum neurofilament as a predictor of disease worsening and brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

PubMed

Barro, Christian; Benkert, Pascal; Disanto, Giulio; Tsagkas, Charidimos; Amann, Michael; Naegelin, Yvonne; Leppert, David; Gobbi, Claudio; Granziera, Cristina; Yaldizli, Özgür; Michalak, Zuzanna; Wuerfel, Jens; Kappos, Ludwig; Parmar, Katrin; Kuhle, Jens

2018-05-30

Neuro-axonal injury is a key factor in the development of permanent disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurofilament light chain in peripheral blood has recently emerged as a biofluid marker reflecting neuro-axonal damage in this disease. We aimed at comparing serum neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis and healthy controls, to determine their association with measures of disease activity and their ability to predict future clinical worsening as well as brain and spinal cord volume loss. Neurofilament light chain was measured by single molecule array assay in 2183 serum samples collected as part of an ongoing cohort study from 259 patients with multiple sclerosis (189 relapsing and 70 progressive) and 259 healthy control subjects. Clinical assessment, serum sampling and MRI were done annually; median follow-up time was 6.5 years. Brain volumes were quantified by structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy, and structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy, cross-sectional, cervical spinal cord volumes using spinal cord image analyser (cordial). Results were analysed using ordinary linear regression models and generalized estimating equation modelling. Serum neurofilament light chain was higher in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis as well as in patients with secondary or primary progressive multiple sclerosis than in healthy controls (age adjusted P < 0.001 for both). Serum neurofilament light chain above the 90th percentile of healthy controls values was an independent predictor of Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening in the subsequent year (P < 0.001). The probability of Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening gradually increased by higher serum neurofilament light chain percentile category. Contrast enhancing and new/enlarging lesions were independently associated with increased serum neurofilament light chain (17.8% and 4.9% increase per lesion respectively; P < 0.001). The higher the serum neurofilament light chain percentile level, the more pronounced was future brain and cervical spinal volume loss: serum neurofilament light chain above the 97.5th percentile was associated with an additional average loss in brain volume of 1.5% (P < 0.001) and spinal cord volume of 2.5% over 5 years (P = 0.009). Serum neurofilament light chain correlated with concurrent and future clinical and MRI measures of disease activity and severity. High serum neurofilament light chain levels were associated with both brain and spinal cord volume loss. Neurofilament light chain levels are a real-time, easy to measure marker of neuro-axonal injury that is conceptually more comprehensive than brain MRI.

Doublet-spacing enhancement caused by {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling in {sub {Lambda}L}i hypernuclear isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Umeya, Atsushi; Harada, Toru; Research Center for Physics and Mathematics, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8530

2011-03-15

We theoretically investigate energy spacings of doublets in {sub {Lambda}L}i hypernuclear isotopes with A=7-10 in shell-model calculations with a {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling effect. The calculated results show that the energy shifts are {Delta}{epsilon}=0.09-0.28 MeV and the {Sigma}-mixing probabilities are P{sub {Sigma}}=0.10%-0.34% in {Lambda} ground states for the isotopes because of the {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling in the first-order perturbation. It is found that the energy spacing of the doublet is enhanced as a neutron number N increases; the contribution of the {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling interaction is comparable to that of the {Lambda}N interaction in the neutron-rich {Lambda} hypernuclei. The coherent mechanism of this doublet-spacingmore » enhancement is also discussed in terms of Fermi-type and Gamow-Teller-type {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N couplings.« less

Determination of allergen specificity by heavy chains in grass pollen allergen-specific IgE antibodies.

PubMed

Gadermaier, Elisabeth; Flicker, Sabine; Lupinek, Christian; Steinberger, Peter; Valenta, Rudolf

2013-04-01

Affinity and clonality of allergen-specific IgE antibodies are important determinants for the magnitude of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation. We sought to analyze the contribution of heavy and light chains of human allergen-specific IgE antibodies for allergen specificity and to test whether promiscuous pairing of heavy and light chains with different allergen specificity allows binding and might affect affinity. Ten IgE Fabs specific for 3 non-cross-reactive major timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, and Phl p 5) obtained by means of combinatorial cloning from patients with grass pollen allergy were used to construct stable recombinant single chain variable fragments (ScFvs) representing the original Fabs and shuffled ScFvs in which heavy chains were recombined with light chains from IgE Fabs with specificity for other allergens by using the pCANTAB 5 E expression system. Possible ancestor genes for the heavy chain and light chain variable region-encoding genes were determined by using sequence comparison with the ImMunoGeneTics database, and their chromosomal locations were determined. Recombinant ScFvs were tested for allergen specificity and epitope recognition by means of direct and sandwich ELISA, and affinity by using surface plasmon resonance experiments. The shuffling experiments demonstrate that promiscuous pairing of heavy and light chains is possible and maintains allergen specificity, which is mainly determined by the heavy chains. ScFvs consisting of different heavy and light chains exhibited different affinities and even epitope specificity for the corresponding allergen. Our results indicate that allergen specificity of allergen-specific IgE is mainly determined by the heavy chains. Different heavy and light chain pairings in allergen-specific IgE antibodies affect affinity and epitope specificity and thus might influence clinical reactivity to allergens. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of template superhelicity in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication.

PubMed Central

Alfano, C; McMacken, R

1988-01-01

The prepriming steps in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication depend on the action of the lambda O and P proteins and on the DnaB helicase, single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), and DnaJ and DnaK heat shock proteins of the E. coli host. The binding of multiple copies of the lambda O protein to the phage replication origin (ori lambda) initiates the ordered assembly of a series of nucleoprotein structures that form at ori lambda prior to DNA unwinding, priming and DNA synthesis steps. Since the initiation of lambda DNA replication is known to occur only on supercoiled templates in vivo and in vitro, we examined how the early steps in lambda DNA replication are influenced by superhelical tension. All initiation complexes formed prior to helicase-mediated DNA-unwinding form with high efficiency on relaxed ori lambda DNA. Nonetheless, the DNA templates in these structures must be negatively supertwisted before they can be replicated. Once DNA helicase unwinding is initiated at ori lambda, however, later steps in lambda DNA replication proceed efficiently in the absence of superhelical tension. We conclude that supercoiling is required during the initiation of lambda DNA replication to facilitate entry of a DNA helicase, presumably the DnaB protein, between the DNA strands. Images PMID:2847118

Characterization of the interaction between the heavy and light chains of bovine factor Va.

PubMed

Walker, F J

1992-10-05

Bovine factor Va has been previously been shown to consist of heavy (M(r) = 94,000) and light chains (M(r) = 81,000), that interact in a manner dependent upon the presence of either calcium or manganese ions. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of subunit interaction we have studied the effects of temperature and ions on factor Va stability. The rates of formation of factor Va from isolated chains and dissociation were temperature-dependent with an energy of activation of 6.2 and 1.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. The yield of factor Va from isolated chains was inversely related to the amount of time the chains were incubated at 4 degrees C. Incubation of individual chains revealed that the heavy chain is cold-labile, an effect that is reversible. Manganese ion was observed to prevent the conversion to the inactive form. High salt tends to stabilize the two-chain structure of factor Va, but is inhibitory to its formation from isolated chains. High concentrations of either manganese or calcium ions also inhibited reconstitution of activity. The light chain, in particular, was sensitive to the presence of manganese or calcium ion. Heavy chain that had been cleaved by activated protein C had a weakened interaction with the light chain, and the resulting complex had no procoagulant activity. Cooling of the heavy chain to 4 degrees C enhanced its intrinsic fluorescence. Manganese ion prevented some of this enhancement. The heavy chain fluorescence returned to the room temperature value with a half-life of approximately 10 min. In the presence of manganese ion relaxation was accelerated. The intrinsic fluorescence of activated protein C-cleaved heavy chain was not increased when the temperature was decreased. These data suggest that the heavy chain can exist in two forms. Elevated temperature converts it to a form that can bind ions and have a productive interaction with the light chain. However, conditions that prevent the heavy chain from combining with the light chain also stabilize the two subunit structure, suggesting that the high affinity of the complex is due to conformational changes that occur after chain interaction.

Immunoglobulin light chains, glycosaminoglycans and amyloid.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stevens, F. J.; Kisilevsky, R.; Biosciences Division

2000-03-01

Immunoglobulin light chains are the precursor proteins for fibrils that are formed during primary amyloidosis and in amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. As found for the approximately 20 currently described forms of focal, localized, or systemic amyloidoses, light chain-related fibrils extracted from physiological deposits are invariably associated with glycosaminoglycans, predominantly heparan sulfate. Other amyloid-related proteins are either structurally normal, such as g2-microglobulin and islet amyloid polypeptide, fragments of normal proteins such as serum amyloid A protein or the precursor protein of the g peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease, or are inherited forms of single amino acid variants of a normalmore » protein such as found in the familial forms of amyloid associated with transthyretin. In contrast, the primary structures of light chains involved in fibril formation exhibit extensive mutational diversity rendering some proteins highly amyloidogenic and others non-pathological. The interactions between light chains and glycosaminoglycans are also affected by amino acid variation and may influence the clinical course of disease by enhancing fibril stability and contributing to resistance to protease degradation. Relatively little is currently known about the mechanisms by which glycosaminoglycans interact with light chains and light-chain fibrils. It is probable that future studies of this uniquely diverse family of proteins will continue o shed light on the processes of amyloidosis, and contribute as well to a greater understanding of the normal physiological roles of glycosaminoglycans.« less

Actin binding by Hip1 (huntingtin-interacting protein 1) and Hip1R (Hip1-related protein) is regulated by clathrin light chain.

PubMed

Wilbur, Jeremy D; Chen, Chih-Ying; Manalo, Venus; Hwang, Peter K; Fletterick, Robert J; Brodsky, Frances M

2008-11-21

The huntingtin-interacting protein family members (Hip1 and Hip1R in mammals and Sla2p in yeast) link clathrin-mediated membrane traffic to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Genetic data in yeast have implicated the light chain subunit of clathrin in regulating this link. To test this hypothesis, the biophysical properties of mammalian Hip1 and Hip1R and their interaction with clathrin light chain and actin were analyzed. The coiled-coil domains (clathrin light chain-binding) of Hip1 and Hip1R were found to be stable homodimers with no propensity to heterodimerize in vitro. Homodimers were also predominant in vivo, accounting for cellular segregation of Hip1 and Hip1R functions. Coiled-coil domains of Hip1 and Hip1R differed in their stability and flexibility, correlating with slightly different affinities for clathrin light chain and more markedly with effects of clathrin light chain binding on Hip protein-actin interactions. Clathrin light chain binding induced a compact conformation of both Hip1 and Hip1R and significantly reduced actin binding by their THATCH domains. Thus, clathrin is a negative regulator of Hip-actin interactions. These observations necessarily change models proposed for Hip protein function.

Actin Binding by Hip1 (Huntingtin-interacting Protein 1) and Hip1R (Hip1-related Protein) Is Regulated by Clathrin Light Chain*S⃞

PubMed Central

Wilbur, Jeremy D.; Chen, Chih-Ying; Manalo, Venus; Hwang, Peter K.; Fletterick, Robert J.; Brodsky, Frances M.

2008-01-01

The huntingtin-interacting protein family members (Hip1 and Hip1R in mammals and Sla2p in yeast) link clathrin-mediated membrane traffic to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Genetic data in yeast have implicated the light chain subunit of clathrin in regulating this link. To test this hypothesis, the biophysical properties of mammalian Hip1 and Hip1R and their interaction with clathrin light chain and actin were analyzed. The coiled-coil domains (clathrin light chain-binding) of Hip1 and Hip1R were found to be stable homodimers with no propensity to heterodimerize in vitro. Homodimers were also predominant in vivo, accounting for cellular segregation of Hip1 and Hip1R functions. Coiled-coil domains of Hip1 and Hip1R differed in their stability and flexibility, correlating with slightly different affinities for clathrin light chain and more markedly with effects of clathrin light chain binding on Hip protein-actin interactions. Clathrin light chain binding induced a compact conformation of both Hip1 and Hip1R and significantly reduced actin binding by their THATCH domains. Thus, clathrin is a negative regulator of Hip-actin interactions. These observations necessarily change models proposed for Hip protein function. PMID:18790740

Galaxy formation in Lambda greater than 0 Friedmann models: Consequences for the number counts versus redshift test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martel, Hugo

1994-01-01

We study the effect of the cosmological constant Lambda on galaxy formation using a simple spherical top-hat overdensity model. We consider models with Omega(sub 0) = 0.2, lambda(sub 0) = 0, and Omega(sub 0) = 0.2, lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 (where Omega(sub 0) is the density parameter, and lambda(sub 0) identically equal Lambda/3 H(sub 0 exp 2) where H(sub 0) is the Hubble constant). We adjust the initial power spectrum amplitude so that both models reproduce the same large-scale structures. The galaxy formation era in the lambda(sub 0) = 0 model occurs early (z approximately 6) and is very short, whereas in the lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 model the galaxy formation era starts later (z approximately 4), and last much longer, possibly all the way to the present. Consequently, galaxies at low redshift (z less than 1) are significantly more evolved in the lambda(sub 0) = 0 model than in the lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 model. This result implies that previous attempts to determine Lambda using the number counts versus redshift test are probably unreliable.

Affinity-reversed-phase liquid chromatography assay to quantitate recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments in fermentation broth.

PubMed

Battersby, J E; Snedecor, B; Chen, C; Champion, K M; Riddle, L; Vanderlaan, M

2001-08-24

An automated dual-column liquid chromatography assay comprised of affinity and reversed-phase separations that quantifies the majority of antibody-related protein species found in crude cell extracts of recombinant origin is described. Although potentially applicable to any antibody preparation, we here use samples of anti-CD18 (Fab'2LZ) and a full-length antibody, anti-tissue factor (anti-TF), from various stages throughout a biopharmaceutical production process to describe the assay details. The targeted proteins were captured on an affinity column containing an anti-light-chain (kappa) Fab antibody (AME5) immobilized on controlled pore glass. The affinity column was placed in-line with a reversed-phase column and the captured components were transferred by elution with dilute acid and subsequently resolved by eluting the reversed-phase column with a shallow acetonitrile gradient. Characterization of the resolved components showed that most antibody fragment preparations contained a light-chain fragment, free light chain, light-chain dimer and multiple forms of Fab'. Analysis of full-length antibody preparations also resolved these fragments as well as a completely assembled form. Co-eluting with the full-length antibody were high-molecular-mass variants that were missing one or both light chains. Resolved components were quantified by comparison with peak areas of similarly treated standards. By comparing the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of an Escherichia coli blank run, a production run and the material affinity captured (AME5) from a production run, it was determined that the AME5 antibody captured isoforms of light chain, light chain covalently attached to heavy chain, and truncated light chain isoforms. These forms comprise the bulk of the soluble product-related fragments found in E. coli cell extracts of recombinantly produced antibody fragments.

Using amphiphilic pseudo amino acid composition to predict enzyme subfamily classes.

PubMed

Chou, Kuo-Chen

2005-01-01

With protein sequences entering into databanks at an explosive pace, the early determination of the family or subfamily class for a newly found enzyme molecule becomes important because this is directly related to the detailed information about which specific target it acts on, as well as to its catalytic process and biological function. Unfortunately, it is both time-consuming and costly to do so by experiments alone. In a previous study, the covariant-discriminant algorithm was introduced to identify the 16 subfamily classes of oxidoreductases. Although the results were quite encouraging, the entire prediction process was based on the amino acid composition alone without including any sequence-order information. Therefore, it is worthy of further investigation. To incorporate the sequence-order effects into the predictor, the 'amphiphilic pseudo amino acid composition' is introduced to represent the statistical sample of a protein. The novel representation contains 20 + 2lambda discrete numbers: the first 20 numbers are the components of the conventional amino acid composition; the next 2lambda numbers are a set of correlation factors that reflect different hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity distribution patterns along a protein chain. Based on such a concept and formulation scheme, a new predictor is developed. It is shown by the self-consistency test, jackknife test and independent dataset tests that the success rates obtained by the new predictor are all significantly higher than those by the previous predictors. The significant enhancement in success rates also implies that the distribution of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the amino acid residues along a protein chain plays a very important role to its structure and function.

Development of in-vitro models to elucidate mechanisms of intrinsic cellular and tissue fluorescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savage, Howard E.; Kolli, Venkateswara; Saha, Sanjoy; Zhang, Jian C.; Glasgold, Mark; Sacks, Peter G.; Alfano, Robert R.; Schantz, Stimson P.

1995-04-01

In vitro cell model systems have been used to study the mechanisms of intrinsic cellular and tissue fluorescence as a potential biomarker for cancer. Phenotypic characteristics of cancer that are different from normal tissue include changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. a nitrosmethlybenzylamine (NMBA)/rat esophageal carcinogenesis model (NMBA), a transforming growth factor beta (TGF- (beta) )/normal epithelial cell model, and a retinoic acid (RA)/multicellular tumor spheroid model (RAMTS) were used to assess fluorescence changes associated respectively with changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. A xenon based fluorescence spectrophotometer (Mediscience Corp.) was used to collect excitation and emission spectra. Two excitation scans ((lambda) Ex 200-360 nm, (lambda) Em 380 nm; (lambda) Ex 240-430 nm, (lambda) Em 450 nm) and two emission scans ((lambda) Ex 300 nm, (lambda) Em 320-580 nm; (lambda) Ex 340 nm, (lambda) Em 360-660 nm) were used to analyze the three model systems. Using the NMBA model. Differences were seen in the excitation scan ((lambda) Ex 200-360 nm, (lambda) Em 380 nm) and the emission scan ((lambda) Ex 340 nm, (lambda) Em 360-660 nm) when normal rat esophageal tissue was compared to hyperplastic and tumor tissue. In the (TGF-(beta) ) model, differences were seen in the excitation scan ((lambda) Ex 240-430 nm, (lambda) Em 450 nm) when comparing proliferation slowed (TGF-(beta) treated) epithelial cells to their untreated controls. In the RAMTS model, differences were seen with all four scans when RA treated multicellular tumor spheroids (nondifferentiating) were compared to untreated control cells (differentiating). The data indicate that fluorescence changes seen in these model systems may relate to changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. Their relationship to in vivo fluorescence changes seen in cancer patients remains to be elucidated.

Marginalizing Instrument Systematics in HST WFC3 Transit Light Curves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wakeford, H. R.; Sing, D.K.; Deming, D.; Mandell, A.

2016-01-01

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) infrared observations at 1.1-1.7 microns probe primarily the H2O absorption band at 1.4 microns, and have provided low-resolution transmission spectra for a wide range of exoplanets. We present the application of marginalization based on Gibson to analyze exoplanet transit light curves obtained from HST WFC3 to better determine important transit parameters such as "ramp" probability (R (sub p)) divided by "ramp" total (R (sub asterisk)), which are important for accurate detections of H2O. We approximate the evidence, often referred to as the marginal likelihood, for a grid of systematic models using the Akaike Information Criterion. We then calculate the evidence-based weight assigned to each systematic model and use the information from all tested models to calculate the final marginalized transit parameters for both the band-integrated and spectroscopic light curves to construct the transmission spectrum. We find that a majority of the highest weight models contain a correction for a linear trend in time as well as corrections related to HST orbital phase. We additionally test the dependence on the shift in spectral wavelength position over the course of the observations and find that spectroscopic wavelength shifts delta (sub lambda) times lambda) best describe the associated systematic in the spectroscopic light curves for most targets while fast scan rate observations of bright targets require an additional level of processing to produce a robust transmission spectrum. The use of marginalization allows for transparent interpretation and understanding of the instrument and the impact of each systematic evaluated statistically for each data set, expanding the ability to make true and comprehensive comparisons between exoplanet atmospheres.

First measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.

2009-02-01

This article presents the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}). Measurements in two control samples using the same technique B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) and B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{pi}{sup -}) are also reported. The analysis uses data from an integrated luminosity of approximately 172 pb{sup -1} of pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The relative branching fractions are measured to be (B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{supmore » +}{pi}{sup -}))=16.6{+-}3.0(stat){+-}1.0(syst)(+2.6/-3.4)(PDG){+-}0.3 (EBR), (B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}))9.9{+-}1.0(stat){+-}0.6(syst){+-}0.4(PDG){+-}0.5(EBR), and (B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{pi}{sup -}))=16.5{+-}2.3(stat){+-} 0.6(syst){+-}0.5(PDG){+-}0.8(EBR). The uncertainties are from statistics (stat), internal systematics (syst), world averages of measurements published by the Particle Data Group or subsidiary measurements in this analysis (PDG), and unmeasured branching fractions estimated from theory (EBR), respectively. This article also presents measurements of the branching fractions of four new {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} semileptonic decays: {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, and {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, relative to the branching fraction of the {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}} decay. Finally, the transverse-momentum distribution of {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} baryons produced in pp collisions is measured and found to be significantly different from that of B{sup 0} mesons, which results in a modification in the production cross-section ratio {sigma}{sub {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}}/{sigma}{sub B{sup 0}} with respect to the CDF I measurement.« less

Electromagnetically induced transparency and nonlinear pulse propagation in a combined tripod and Λ atom-light coupling scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamedi, H. R.; Ruseckas, J.; Juzeliūnas, G.

2017-09-01

We consider propagation of a probe pulse in an atomic medium characterized by a combined tripod and Lambda (Λ) atom-light coupling scheme. The scheme involves three atomic ground states coupled to two excited states by five light fields. It is demonstrated that dark states can be formed for such an atom-light coupling. This is essential for formation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and slow light. In the limiting cases the scheme reduces to conventional Λ- or N-type atom-light couplings providing the EIT or absorption, respectively. Thus, the atomic system can experience a transition from the EIT to the absorption by changing the amplitudes or phases of control lasers. Subsequently the scheme is employed to analyze the nonlinear pulse propagation using the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations. It is shown that a generation of stable slow light optical solitons is possible in such a five-level combined tripod and Λ atomic system.

Ferritin light-chain subunits: key elements for the electron transfer across the protein cage.

PubMed

Carmona, Unai; Li, Le; Zhang, Lianbing; Knez, Mato

2014-12-18

The first specific functionality of the light-chain (L-chain) subunit of the universal iron storage protein ferritin was identified. The electrons released during iron-oxidation were transported across the ferritin cage specifically through the L-chains and the inverted electron transport through the L-chains also accelerated the demineralization of ferritin.

Evaluation of strategies to control Fab light chain dimer during mammalian expression and purification: A universal one-step process for purification of correctly assembled Fab.

PubMed

Spooner, Jennifer; Keen, Jenny; Nayyar, Kalpana; Birkett, Neil; Bond, Nicholas; Bannister, David; Tigue, Natalie; Higazi, Daniel; Kemp, Benjamin; Vaughan, Tristan; Kippen, Alistair; Buchanan, Andrew

2015-07-01

Fabs are an important class of antibody fragment as both research reagents and therapeutic agents. There are a plethora of methods described for their recombinant expression and purification. However, these do not address the issue of excessive light chain production that forms light chain dimers nor do they describe a universal purification strategy. Light chain dimer impurities and the absence of a universal Fab purification strategy present persistent challenges for biotechnology applications using Fabs, particularly around the need for bespoke purification strategies. This study describes methods to address light chain dimer formation during Fab expression and identifies a novel CH 1 affinity resin as a simple and efficient one-step purification for correctly assembled Fab. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Repression of Multiple Myeloma Growth and Preservation of Bone with Combined Radiotherapy and Anti-angiogenic Agent

PubMed Central

Jia, Dan; Koonce, Nathan A.; Halakatti, Roopa; Li, Xin; Yaccoby, Shmuel; Swain, Frances L.; Suva, Larry J.; Hennings, Leah; Berridge, Marc S.; Apana, Scott M.; Mayo, Kevin; Corry, Peter M.; Griffin, Robert J.

2011-01-01

The effects of ionizing radiation, with or without the antiangiogenic agent anginex (Ax), on multiple myeloma growth were tested in a SCID-rab mouse model. Mice carrying human multiple myeloma cell-containing pre-implanted bone grafts were treated weekly with various regimens for 8 weeks. Rapid multiple myeloma growth, assessed by bioluminescence intensity (IVIS), human lambda Ig light chain level in serum (ELISA), and the volume of bone grafts (caliper), was observed in untreated mice. Tumor burden in mice receiving combined therapy was reduced to 59% (by caliper), 43% (by ELISA), and 2% (by IVIS) of baseline values after 8 weeks of treatment. Ax or radiation alone slowed but did not stop tumor growth. Four weeks after the withdrawal of the treatments, tumor burden remained minimal in mice given Ax + radiation but increased noticeably in the other three groups. Multiple myeloma suppression by Ax + radiation was accompanied by a marked decrease in the number and activity of osteoclasts in bone grafts assessed by histology. Bone graft integrity was preserved by Ax + radiation but was lost in the other three groups, as assessed by microCT imaging and radiography. These results suggest that radiotherapy, when primed by anti-angiogenic agents, may be a potent therapy for focal multiple myeloma. PMID:20518660

Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Immunoglobulin Proteins of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) serves as an animal model for the study of several viruses that cause human disease, most notably influenza. Despite the importance of this animal model, characterization of the immune response by flow cytometry (FCM) is severely hampered due to the limited number of commercially available reagents. To begin to address this unmet need and to facilitate more in-depth study of ferret B cells including the identification of antibody-secreting cells, eight unique murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with specificity for ferret immunoglobulin (Ig) were generated using conventional B cell hybridoma technology. These mAb were screened for reactivity against ferret peripheral blood mononuclear cells by FCM and demonstrate specificity for CD79β+ B cells. Several of these mAb are specific for the light chain of surface B cell receptor (BCR) and enable segregation of kappa and lambda B cells. Additionally, a mAb that yielded surface staining of nearly all surface BCR positive cells (i.e., pan ferret Ig) was generated. Collectively, these MαF-Ig mAb offer advancement compared to the existing portfolio of polyclonal anti-ferret Ig detection reagents and should be applicable to a wide array of immunologic assays including the identification of antibody-secreting cells by FCM. PMID:28286781

Purification and properties of Renilla reniformis luciferase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matthews, J.C.; Hori, K.; Cormier, M.J.

1977-01-11

Luciferase from the anthozoan coelenterate Renilla reniformis (Renilla luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.13.12.5.) catalyzes the bioluminescent oxidation of Renilla luciferin producing light (lambda/sub B/ 480 nm, Q/sub B/ 5.5 percent), oxyluciferin, and CO/sub 2/. Using a combination of ion-exchange, molecular-sieve, sulfhydryl-exchange, and affinity chromatography, luciferase has been purified, approximately 12,000-fold with 24 percent recovery, to homogeneity as judged by analysis with disc and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and ultracentrifugation. Renilla luciferase is active as a nearly spherical single polypeptide chain monomer of 3.5 x 10/sup 4/ daltons having a specific activity of 1.8 x 10/sup 15/ h..nu..s/supmore » -1/ mg/sup -1/ and a turnover number of 111 ..mu..mol min/sup -/1 ..mu..mol/sup -1/ of enzyme. This enzyme has a high content of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids such that it has an epsilon/sub 280 nm/ 0.1 percent/ of 2.1 and an average hydrophobicity of 1200 cal residue/sup -1/. The high average hydrophobicity of luciferase, which places it among the more hydrophobic proteins reported, is believed to account, at least in part, for its tendency to self-associate forming inactive dimers and higher molecular weight species.« less

IgV peptide mapping of native Ro60 autoantibody proteomes in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals molecular markers of Ro/La diversification.

PubMed

Wang, Jing J; Al Kindi, Mahmood A; Colella, Alex D; Dykes, Lukah; Jackson, Michael W; Chataway, Tim K; Reed, Joanne H; Gordon, Tom P

2016-12-01

We have used high-resolution mass spectrometry to sequence precipitating anti-Ro60 proteomes from sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and compare immunoglobulin variable-region (IgV) peptide signatures in Ro/La autoantibody subsets. Anti-Ro60 were purified by elution from native Ro60-coated ELISA plates and subjected to combined de novo amino acid sequencing and database matching. Monospecific anti-Ro60 Igs comprised dominant public and minor private sets of IgG1 kappa and lambda restricted heavy and light chains. Specific IgV amino acid substitutions stratified anti-Ro60 from anti-Ro60/La responses, providing a molecular fingerprint of Ro60/La determinant spreading and suggesting that different forms of Ro60 antigen drive these responses. Sequencing of linked anti-Ro52 proteomes from individual patients and comparison with their anti-Ro60 partners revealed sharing of a dominant IGHV3-23/IGKV3-20 paired clonotype but with divergent IgV mutational signatures. In summary, anti-Ro60 IgV peptide mapping provides insights into Ro/La autoantibody diversification and reveals serum-based molecular markers of humoral Ro60 autoimmunity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Study of 13 Cases

PubMed Central

Kanagal-Shamanna, Rashmi; Xu-Monette, Zijun Y.; Miranda, Roberto N.; Dogan, Ahmet; Zou, Dehui; Luthra, Rajyalakshmi; Weber, Donna; O’Malley, Dennis P.; Jorgensen, Jeffrey L.; Khoury, Joseph D.; Bueso-Ramos, Carlos E.; Orlowski, Robert Z.; Medeiros, L. Jeffrey; Young, Ken H.

2015-01-01

Aims Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare lesion composed of histiocytes with abnormal intra-lysosomal accumulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) as crystals, reported in patients with plasmacytic/ lymphoplasmacytic neoplasms. We report the clinicopathologic features of 13 patients with CSH and describe the proteomic composition of the crystals in 3 cases analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Methods and results There were 7 men and 6 women with a median age of 60 years (range, 33-79). CSH was generalized in 1 (8%) and localized in 12 (92%) patients involving various sites. CSH was associated with a low-grade B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation or a plasma cell neoplasm in all cases. In 10 (77%) cases, CSH represented more than 50% of the neoplastic infiltrate. By immunohistochemical studies, histiocytes were positive for monotypic kappa in 5 (50%), lambda in 4 (40%) cases; in 1 (10%) case, results were equivocal. MS analysis of the histiocyte contents in all 3 tested cases showed predominance of variable-region fragments of Ig light and/or heavy chains. Conclusions CSH is frequently associated with an underlying lymphoplasmacytic neoplasm. MS findings suggest that Ig alterations and/ or possibly defects in the ability of histiocytes to process Ig play a role in pathogenesis. PMID:26118455

Sinonasal Globular Amyloidosis Simulating Malignancy: A Rare Presentation.

PubMed

Kumar, Binay; Pant, Bhawna; Kumar, Vikrant; Negi, Meghna

2016-09-01

Primary localized amyloidosis in the head and neck region is a rare entity. The most commonly involved organ is larynx. Primary amyloidosis localized to the sinonasal tract is extremely rare. We report one such case along with a brief review of the associated literature. The aim of reporting this case is to emphasize the fact that sometimes nasal amyloidosis can also present with signs and symptoms of nasal and nasopharyngeal malignancy. The definitive diagnosis in such cases depends upon histopathology and further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A 55-year old male presented with recurrent episodes of nasal bleed, bilateral nasal obstruction, and bilateral hearing loss from last 7 years. On clinical examination a mass was found in the nasal cavity on both sides reaching up to the nasopharynx. Contrast enhanced CT scan revealed that the mass was extending up to the skull base and destroying bony landmarks of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Mass was proved to be amyloidosis after histopathological examination. It showed multiple blotches of globular submucosal deposit of amyloid, on staining with Congo red. Immunohistochemistry confirmed AL amyloidosis with expression of mixed kappa and lambda light chain immunoglobulin (κ > λ). No evidence of systemic amyloidosis was found after proper work up. It was managed by conservative surgery.

On the nature of the nova-like variable CD-42 deg 14462

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guinan, E. F.; Sion, E. M.

1981-01-01

Low dispersion long and short wavelength IUE spectra of the nova like system CD-42 deg 14462 were obtained on August 24 U.T. The short wave spectrum exhibits absorption features due to C III (lambda 1175), Lalpha 1216), NV (lambda1240), HeII (lambda 1640), SiIV (lambda1394), NIV (lambda1875) with CIV (lambda1550) as a P Cygni feature with blue shifted absorption suggesting the presence of material leaving the system. Possible interpretations of this object are discussed.

Anti p and anti Lambda production in Si + Au collisions at the AGS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Yue-Dong

1996-01-01

(anti (ital p)) and (anti (Lambda)) production in central Si + Au collisions has been measured by E589 at the BNL-AGS. Preliminary (ital m)(sub (perpendicular)) spectra are presented for (anti (ital p))'s and (anti (Lambda))'s. The (ital dn/dy) distribution for (anti (ital p))'s is also presented. Based on the (anti (ital p)) and (anti (Lambda)) measurements, (anti (Lambda))/(anti (ital p)) ratios are calculated in the rapidity range of 1.1-1.5.

ASYMMETRIC ABSORPTION PROFILES OF Ly{alpha} AND Ly{beta} IN DAMPED Ly{alpha} SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won, E-mail: hwlee@sejong.ac.kr

2013-08-01

Damped Ly{alpha} systems observed in the quasar spectra are characterized by a high neutral hydrogen column density, N{sub HI} > 2 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -2}. The absorption wing profiles are often fitted using the Voigt function due to the fact that the scattering cross section near the resonant line center is approximately described by the Lorentzian function. Since a hydrogen atom has infinitely many p states that participate in the electric dipole interaction, the cross section starts to deviate from the Lorentzian in an asymmetric way in the line wing regions. We investigate this asymmetry in the absorption linemore » profiles around Ly{alpha} and Ly{beta} as a function of the neutral hydrogen column density N{sub HI}. In terms of {Delta}{lambda} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {alpha}}, we expand the Kramers-Heisenberg formula around Ly{alpha} to find {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} (0.5f{sub 12}){sup 2}{sigma}{sub T}({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}}){sup -2}[1 + 3.792({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}})], where f{sub 12} and {sigma}{sub T} are the oscillator strength of Ly{alpha} and the Thomson scattering cross section, respectively. In terms of {Delta}{lambda}{sub 2} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {beta}} in the vicinity of Ly{beta}, the total scattering cross section, given as the sum of cross sections for Rayleigh and Raman scattering, is shown to be {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} {sigma}{sub T}(0.5f{sub 13}){sup 2}(1 + R{sub 0})({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}}){sup -2}[1 - 24.68({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}})] with f{sub 13} and the factor R{sub 0} = 0.1342 being the oscillator strength for Ly{beta} and the ratio of the Raman cross section to Rayleigh cross section, respectively. A redward asymmetry develops around Ly{alpha}, whereas a blue asymmetry is obtained for Ly{beta}. The absorption center shifts are found to be almost proportional to the neutral hydrogen column density.« less

[Ecological and biological characteristics of Drosophila melanogaster features depending on the dose of electromagnetic radiation of various types].

PubMed

Babkina, V V; Chernova, G V; Allenova, E A; Endebera, O P; Naumkina, E N

2013-01-01

Biological effects of exposure to red light (lambda = 660 +/- 10 nm) on the viability and morphophysiological characteristics of Drosophila melanogaster have been studied. The ability of this physical agent to modify these features is shown. The degree of expression and impact of biological effects depend on the dose, functional and genetic status of the organism. The study of the life expectancy of the exposed to EHF and white light D. melanogaster has revealed that expression of the features depends on the radiation doses, genotype, sex, the nature of the position of wings and lighting conditions. It has been found that the dark mode (24 h-night) is more favorable than the artificial lighting. Individuals with the left wing at the top are more sensitive to the external factors.

Force decay evaluation of thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chains: A mechanical design comparison.

PubMed

Masoud, Ahmed I; Tsay, T Peter; BeGole, Ellen; Bedran-Russo, Ana K

2014-11-01

To compare the following over a period of 8 weeks: (1) force decay between thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) elastomeric chains; (2) force decay between light (200-g) and heavy (350-g) initial forces; and (3) force decay between direct chains and chain loops (stretched from one pin around the second pin and back to the first pin). TP and TS chains were obtained from American Orthodontics™ (AOTP, AOTS) and ORMCO™ (OrTP, OrTS). Each of the four chain groups was subdivided into four subgroups with 10 specimens per subgroup: (1) direct chains light force, (2) direct chains heavy force, (3) chain loops light force, and (4) chain loops heavy force. The experiment was performed in artificial saliva (pH of 6.75) at 37°C. A significant difference was found between TP and TS chains, with an average mean difference of around 20% more force decay found in the TP chains (P < .001, α  =  .05). There was no significant difference between direct chains and chain loops except in OrTP, in which direct chains showed more force decay. There was also no significant difference in force decay identified when using light vs heavy forces. TS chains decayed less than TP chains, and chain loop retraction was beneficial only when using OrTP chains. Contrary to the interchangeable use of TP and TS chains in the published literature and in clinical practice, this study demonstrates that they perform differently under stress and that a clear distinction should be made between the two.

Identification and partial characterization of a low affinity metal-binding site in the light chain of tetanus toxin.

PubMed

Wright, J F; Pernollet, M; Reboul, A; Aude, C; Colomb, M G

1992-05-05

Tetanus toxin was shown to contain a metal-binding site for zinc and copper. Equilibrium dialysis binding experiments using 65Zn indicated an association constant of 9-15 microM, with one zinc-binding site/toxin molecule. The zinc-binding site was localized to the toxin light chain as determined by binding of 65Zn to the light chain but not to the heavy chain after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transfer to Immobilon membranes. Copper was an efficient inhibitor of 65Zn binding to tetanus toxin and caused two peptide bond cleavages in the toxin light chain in the presence of ascorbate. These metal-catalyzed oxidative cleavages were inhibited by the presence of zinc. Partial characterization of metal-catalyzed oxidative modifications of a peptide based on a putative metal-binding site (HELIH) in the toxin light chain was used to map the metal-binding site in the protein.

Ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions of platinum(II) complexes with arylacetylide ligands with different chain lengths: spectroscopic characterization, effect of molecular conformations, and density functional theory calculations.

PubMed

Tong, Glenna So Ming; Law, Yuen-Chi; Kui, Steven C F; Zhu, Nianyong; Leung, King Hong; Phillips, David Lee; Che, Chi-Ming

2010-06-11

The complexes [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)R}](+) (n = 1: R = alkyl and aryl (Ar); n = 1-3: R = phenyl (Ph) or Ph-N(CH(3))(2)-4; n = 1 and 2, R = Ph-NH(2)-4; tBu(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and [Pt(Cl(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = tert-butyl (tBu), Ph, 9,9'-dibutylfluorene, 9,9'-dibutyl-7-dimethyl-amine-fluorene; Cl(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-trichloro-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) were prepared. The effects of substituent(s) on the terpyridine (tpy) and acetylide ligands and chain length of arylacetylide ligands on the absorption and emission spectra were examined. Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of [Pt(tBu(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-butyl, Ph, and C(6)H(4)-OCH(3)-4) obtained in acetonitrile at 298 K reveal that the structural distortion of the C[triple bond]C bond in the electronic excited state obtained by 502.9 nm excitation is substantially larger than that obtained by 416 nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations on [Pt(H(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-propyl (nPr), 2-pyridyl (Py)), [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)Ph}](+) (n = 1-3), and [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+)/+H(+) (n = 1-3; H(3)tpy = nonsubstituted terpyridine) at two different conformations were performed, namely, with the phenyl rings of the arylacetylide ligands coplanar ("cop") with and perpendicular ("per") to the H(3)tpy ligand. Combining the experimental data and calculated results, the two lowest energy absorption peak maxima, lambda(1) and lambda(2), of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl, R = aryl) are attributed to (1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] in the "cop" conformation and mixed (1)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] transitions in the "per" conformation. The lowest energy absorption peak lambda(1) for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-H-4}](+) (n = 1-3) shows a redshift with increasing chain length. However, for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C6H4C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1-3), lambda(1) shows a blueshift with increasing chain length n, but shows a redshift after the addition of acid. The emissions of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl) at 524-642 nm measured in dichloromethane at 298 K are assigned to the (3)[pi(C[triple bond]CAr)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states and mixed (3)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(3)[pi(C[triple bond]C)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states for R = aryl and alkyl groups, respectively. [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1 and 2) are nonemissive, and this is attributed to the small energy gap between the singlet ground state (S(0)) and the lowest triplet excited state (T(1)).

Serum-free light-chain assay: clinical utility and limitations.

PubMed

Bhole, Malini V; Sadler, Ross; Ramasamy, Karthik

2014-09-01

In the last decade, the introduction of the serum-free light-chain (sFLC) assay has been an important advance in the diagnosis and management of plasma cell dyscrasias, particularly monoclonal light-chain diseases. The immunoassay was developed to detect free light chains in serum by using anti-FLC antibodies which specifically recognised epitopes on light chains that were 'hidden' in intact immunoglobulins. Since its introduction in 2001, there have been several publications in the English language literature discussing the clinical utility as well as analytical limitations of the sFLC assay. These studies have highlighted both positive and negative aspects of the assay particularly with regard to its sensitivity and specificity and the technical challenges that can affect its performance. The contribution and significance of the sFLC assay in the management of light-chain myeloma, primary amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis and non-secretory myeloma are well recognised and will be addressed in this review. The aim of this article is to also review the published literature with a view to providing a clear understanding of its utility and limitations in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of plasma dyscrasias including intact immunoglobulin multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). The increasing interest in using this assay in other haematological conditions will also be briefly discussed. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Use of Trypanosoma equiperdum infected rabbits as a source of splenic mRNA; construction of cDNA clones and identification of a rabbit mu heavy chain clone.

PubMed

Bernstein, K E; Pavirani, A; Alexander, C; Jacobsen, F; Fitzmaurice, L; Mage, R

1983-01-01

Rabbits were infected by Trypanosoma equiperdum and the splenic mRNA was isolated. In vitro translation of this RNA and immunoprecipitation with anti-light chain, anti-heavy chain, anti-mu and anti-VH antibodies demonstrated that T. equiperdum infection elicits large quantities of splenic mRNA encoding mu and kappa chains. The mu and gamma heavy chains and the kappa light chains synthesized in the cell-free translation system were specifically immunoprecipitated by antisera to heavy chain VHa and light chain kappa b allotypes. In vitro labeling of spleen cells from trypanosome-infected animals demonstrated that the biosynthetically labeled IgM has a mu chain of higher molecular weight than the mu chain synthesized by in vitro translation, a difference that is largely abolished when cellular glycosylation is blocked with the antibiotic tunicamycin. Enrichment for heavy chain or light chain mRNA was achieved by fractionating mRNA from trypanosome-infected animals on a sucrose gradient. cDNA clones carrying mu heavy chain sequences were produced using a 'one tube' protocol and identified by cross species hybridization and hybridization selection. Infection of rabbits with T. equiperdum followed by sucrose gradient enrichment of splenic mRNA has provided sufficient quantities of mRNA encoding mu heavy chain suitable for cDNA cloning.

A Study of Multi-Λ Hypernuclei Within Spherical Relativistic Mean-Field Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rather, Asloob A.; Ikram, M.; Usmani, A. A.; Kumar, B.; Patra, S. K.

2017-12-01

This research article is a follow up of an earlier work by M. Ikram et al., reported in Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 25, 1650103 (2016) where we searched for Λ magic numbers in experimentally confirmed doubly magic nucleonic cores in light to heavy mass region (i.e., 16 O-208 P b) by injecting Λ's into them. In the present manuscript, working within the state of the art relativistic mean field theory with the inclusion of Λ N and ΛΛ interaction in addition to nucleon-meson NL 3∗ effective force, we extend the search of lambda magic numbers in multi- Λ hypernuclei using the predicted doubly magic nucleonic cores 292120, 304120, 360132, 370132, 336138, 396138 of the elusive superheavy mass regime. In analogy to well established signatures of magicity in conventional nuclear theory, the prediction of hypernuclear magicities is made on the basis of one-, two- Λ separation energy ( S Λ, S 2Λ) and two lambda shell gaps ( δ 2Λ) in multi- Λ hypernuclei. The calculations suggest that the Λ numbers 92, 106, 126, 138, 184, 198, 240, and 258 might be the Λ shell closures after introducing the Λ's in the elusive superheavy nucleonic cores. The appearance of new lambda shell closures apart from the nucleonic ones predicted by various relativistic and non-relativistic theoretical investigations can be attributed to the relatively weak strength of the spin-orbit coupling in hypernuclei compared to normal nuclei. Further, the predictions made in multi- Λ hypernuclei under study resembles closely the magic numbers in conventional nuclear theory suggested by various relativistic and non-relativistic theoretical models. Moreover, in support of the Λ shell closure, the investigation of Λ pairing energy and effective Λ pairing gap has been made. We noticed a very close agreement of the predicted Λ shell closures with the survey made on the pretext of S Λ, S 2Λ, and δ 2Λ except for the appearance of magic numbers corresponding to Λ = 156 which manifest in Λ effective pairing gap and pairing energy. Also, the lambda single-particle spectrum is analyzed to mark the energy shell gap for further strengthening the predictions made on the basis of separation energies and shell gaps. Lambda and nucleon spin-orbit interactions are analyzed to confirm the reduction in magnitude of Λ spin-orbit interaction compared to the nucleonic case, however the interaction profile is similar in both the cases. Lambda and nucleon density distributions have been investigated to reveal the impurity effect of Λ hyperons which make the depression of central density of the core of superheavy doubly magic nuclei. Lambda skin structure is also seen.

Intensified training increases salivary free light chains in trained cyclists: Indication that training volume increases oral inflammation.

PubMed

Heaney, Jennifer L J; Killer, Sophie C; Svendsen, Ida S; Gleeson, Michael; Campbell, John P

2018-05-01

Periods of short-term intensified training (IT) are often used by athletes during training cycles over the season and undergoing phases of increased physical stress may impact upon the immune system. This study investigated the effects of a period of IT on free light chains (FLCs) in saliva - an emerging immune biomarker of oral inflammation - and matched serum samples in well-trained athletes. It also examined if IT influences basal FLC levels and FLC flux during acute exercise. Highly trained male cyclists (n = 10) underwent a 9-day period of IT; before and after IT participants performed a 1 h time trial (TT) on a cycle ergometer, with blood and saliva samples collected pre- and post-exercise. FLCs were assessed in serum and saliva, and IgG, IgA, IgM and creatinine were also measured in serum. Weekly training volume increased by 143% (95% CI 114-172%), p < 0.001, during IT compared with pre-trial baseline training. Following IT, the cyclists demonstrated higher salivary FLC levels. Both salivary lambda FLC concentrations (p < 0.05, η 2  = 0.384) and secretion rates, and kappa FLC concentrations and secretion rates increased after IT. Salivary FLCs concentration and secretion rates decreased in response to the TT following IT (p < 0.05, η 2  = 0.387-0.428), but not in response to the TT prior to IT. No significant effects of IT on serum FLCs were observed. There were no significant changes in serum FLCs in response to the TT, before or after the IT period, nor did IT impact upon other serological responses to the TT. In conclusion, IT increased basal salivary FLC parameters and amplified decreases in salivary FLCs in response to acute exercise. Increases in salivary FLC concentration likely reflects alterations to oral inflammation during times of heavy training, and we show for the first time that FLCs may have utility as a marker of exercise stress and oral health status. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of a highly-sensitive multi-plex assay using monoclonal antibodies for the simultaneous measurement of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin free light chains in serum and urine.

PubMed

Campbell, John P; Cobbold, Mark; Wang, Yanyun; Goodall, Margaret; Bonney, Sarah L; Chamba, Anita; Birtwistle, Jane; Plant, Timothy; Afzal, Zaheer; Jefferis, Roy; Drayson, Mark T

2013-05-31

Monoclonal κ and λ immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) paraproteins in serum and urine are important markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of B cell dyscrasias. Current nephelometric and turbidimetric methods that use sheep polyclonal antisera to quantify serum FLC have a number of well-observed limitations. In this report, we describe an improved method using specific mouse anti-human FLC monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Anti-κ and anti-λ FLC mAbs were, separately, covalently coupled to polystyrene Xmap® beads and assayed, simultaneously, in a multi-plex format by Luminex® (mAb assay). The mAbs displayed no cross-reactivity to bound LC, the alternate LC type, or other human proteins and had improved sensitivity and specificity over immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and Freelite™. The assay gives good linearity and sensitivity (<1 mg/L), and the competitive inhibition format gave a broad calibration curve up to 437.5 mg/L and prevented anomalous results for samples in antigen excess i.e. high FLC levels. The mAbs displayed good concordance with Freelite™ for the quantitation of normal polyclonal FLC in plasma from healthy donors (n=249). The mAb assay identified all monoclonal FLC in serum from consecutive patient samples (n=1000; 50.1% with monoclonal paraprotein by serum IFE), and all FLC in a large cohort of urine samples tested for Bence Jones proteins (n=13090; 22.8% with monoclonal κ, 9.0% with monoclonal λ, and 0.8% with poly LC detected by urine IFE). Importantly this shows that the mAbs are at least close to the ideal of detecting FLC from all patients and neoplastic plasma cell clones. Given the overall effectiveness of the anti-FLC mAbs, further clinical validation is now warranted on serial samples from a range of patients with B cell disorders. Use of these mAbs on other assay platforms should also be investigated. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinicopathologic Assessment of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Lesions at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Iran.

PubMed

Asadi-Amoli, Fahimeh; Nozarian, Zohreh; Bonaki, Hirbod Nasiri; Mehrtash, Vahid; Entezari, Samaneh

2016-01-01

The most common type of ocular lymphoma is non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), categorized into two groups: indolent (slow growing) and aggressive (rapid growing). Differentiating benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) from malignant ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) is challenging. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ow cytometry have been used as diagnostic tools in such cases. In this retrospective case series, from 2002 to 2013 at Farabi Eye Center, 110 patients with ocular lymphoproliferative disease were enrolled. Prevalence, anatomical locations, mean age at diagnosis and the nal diagnosis of the disease with IHC were assessed. Comparison between previous pathologic diagnoses and results of IHC was made. Immunoglobulin light chains and B-cell and T-cell markers and other immuno-phenotyping markers including CD20, CD3, CD5, CD23, CD10, CYCLIND1 and BCL2 were evaluated to determine the most accurate diagnosis. The lymphomas were categorized based on revised European-American lymphoma (REAL) classi cation. Mean age±SD (years) of the patients was 55.6 ±19.3 and 61% were male. Patients with follicular lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small cell lymphoma (CLL/SLL) tended to be older. Nine patients with previous diagnoses of low grade B-cell lymphoma were re-evaluated by IHC and the new diagnoses were as follows: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma(EMZL) (n=1), SLL(n=1), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n=3), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia RLH (n=2). Two cases were excluded due to poor blocks. Flow cytometry reports in these seven patients revealed SLL with positive CD5 and CD23, MCL with positive CD5 and CyclinD1 and negative CD23, EMZL with negative CD5,CD23 and CD10. One RLH patient was negative for Kappa/Lambda and positive for CD3 and CD20 and the other was positive for all of the light chains, CD3 and CD20. Orbit (49.1%), conjunctiva (16.1%) and lacrimal glands (16.1%) were the most common sites of involvement. Accurate pathological classi cation of lesions is crucial to determine proper therapeutic approaches. This can be achieved through precise histologic and IHC analyses by expert pathologists.

Light Chain Cast Nephropathy: Practical Considerations in the Management of Myeloma Kidney-What We Know and What the Future May Hold.

PubMed

Manohar, Sandhya; Nasr, Samih H; Leung, Nelson

2018-05-03

To update and evaluate the current knowledge on pathogenesis and management of light chain cast nephropathy. Light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN) is the leading cause of acute renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma and is currently recognized as a myeloma defining event. The immunoglobulin free light chain plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of LCCN. The level of free light chain (FLC) in the blood and urine is directly associated with the risk of developing LCCN. Recovery of renal function is related to the speed and degree of the serum FLC reduction. Recently, two randomized trials using high cutoff dialyzer for the removal of serum FLC produced different results in terms of renal recovery. FLC plays a key role in the development and resolution of LCCN. Future therapies will aim to rapidly reduce its concentration or interrupt its interaction with Tamm-Horsfall protein.

Measurement of sigma(Lambda(b)0) / sigma(anti-B 0) x B(Lambda0(b) ---> Lambda+(c) pi-) / B(anti-B0 ---> D+ pi-) in p anti-p collisions at S**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abulencia, A.; Acosta, D.; Adelman, Jahred A.

2006-01-01

The authors present the first observation of the baryon decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {pi}{sup -} followed by {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -} {pi}{sup +} in 106 pb{sup -1} p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV in the CDF experiment. IN order to reduce systematic error, the measured rate for {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} decay is normalized to the kinematically similar meson decay {bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -} followed by D{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}. They report the ratio of production cross sections ({sigma}) times the ratio of branching fractions ({Beta}) formore » the momentum region integrated above p{sub T} > 6 GeV/c and pseudorapidity range |{eta}| < 1.3: {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}X)/{sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} {bar B}{sup 0} X) x {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/{Beta}({bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = 0.82 {+-} 0.08(stat) {+-} 0.11(syst) {+-} 0.22 ({Beta}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -} {pi}{sup +})).« less

The formation of low-ionization emission in the halo of NGC 891

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sokolowski, James; Bland-Hawthorn, Jonathan

1993-01-01

Imaging and Spectroscopic study first revealed the presence of a diffuse ionized medium (DIM), having unusual excitation, pervading the lower halo of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891. Emission from this DIM is strongest northeast of the nucleus, at radii between 2 and 8 kpc (hereafter region 1). The (N2)(lambda)6583/H(alpha) and (S2)(lambda) (lambda)6716,6731/H(alpha) ratios increase dramatically with z in region 1, from 0.6 and 0.5 respectively at z is approximately equal to 500 pc to 1.1 and 1.0 at z is approximately equal to 1 kpc, while nondetections of (O1)(lambda)6300 and (O3)(lambda)5007 emission yield upper limits of (O1)(lambda)6300/H(alpha) less than or equal to 0.05 and (O3)(lambda)5007/H(alpha) less than or equal to 0.15 for z less than 1 kpc. Previous photoionization models, using the radiation field from disk O and B stars, have been successful in reproducing the elevated (N2)(lambda)6583/H(alpha) and (S2)(lambda)(lambda)6716.6731/H(alpha) ratios observed. However, these radiation bounded models also produce significant (O3)(lambda)5007 emission, in conflict with the observed upper limit. Here, we report the results of new, matter bounded models for the photoionization of the DIM in region 1 of NGC 891.

Measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda(0)(b) -> J/psi Lambda(0) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.

2012-06-07

We measure the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} lifetime in the fully reconstructed decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{Lambda}{sup 0} using 10.4 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions collected with the D0 detector at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The lifetime of the topologically similar decay channel B{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}K{sub S}{sup 0} is also measured. We obtain {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}) = 1.303 {+-} 0.075(stat) {+-} 0.035(syst) ps and {tau}(B{sup 0}) = 1.508 {+-} 0.025(stat) {+-} 0.043(syst) ps. Using these measurements, we determine the lifetime ratio of {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})/{tau}(B{sup 0}) = 0.864 {+-} 0.052(stat) {+-} 0.033(syst).

A Randomized Study of Peginterferon Lambda-1a Compared to Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Combination with Ribavirin and Telaprevir in Patients with Genotype-1 Chronic Hepatitis C.

PubMed

Flisiak, Robert; Shiffman, Mitchell; Arenas, Juan; Cheinquer, Hugo; Nikitin, Igor; Dong, Yuping; Rana, Khurram; Srinivasan, Subasree

2016-01-01

A randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase 3 study was conducted comparing the efficacy and safety of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda)/ribavirin (RBV)/telaprevir (TVR) vs. peginterferon alfa-2a (Alfa)/RBV/TVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-1 (GT-1) infection. Patients (treatment-naïve or relapsers on prior Alfa/RBV treatment) were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive Lambda/RBV/TVR or Alfa/RBV/TVR. Total duration of treatment was either 24 or 48 weeks (response-guided treatment), with TVR administered for the first 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a sustained virologic response at post treatment week 12 (SVR12), which was tested for noninferiority of Lambda/RBV/TVR. A total of 838 patients were enrolled, and 617 were treated; 411 and 206 patients received Lambda/RBV/TVR and Alfa/RBV/TVR, respectively. The majority of patients were treatment-naïve, with HCV GT-1b and a high baseline viral load (≥800,000 IU/mL). Less than 10% of patients had cirrhosis (Lambda, 7.5%; Alfa, 6.8%). Lambda/RBV/TVR did not meet the criterion for noninferiority (lower bound of the treatment difference interval was -12.3%); the SVR12 in all patients (modified intent-to-treat) was 76.2% in the Lambda arm and 82.0% in the Alfa arm. Overall, the frequency of adverse events in each arm was comparable (Lambda, 91.7%; Alfa, 97.1%). As expected based on the safety profile of the 2 interferons, there were more hepatobiliary events observed in the Lambda arm and more hematologic events in the Alfa arm. In this comparison of Lambda/RBV/TVR and Alfa/RBV/TVR in patients who were treatment-naïve or had relapsed on prior Alfa/RBV treatment, Lambda failed to demonstrate noninferiority based on SVR12 results. Treatment with Lambda/RBV/TVR was associated with a higher incidence of relapse. More patients discontinued Lambda/RBV/TVR treatment during the first 4 weeks of study treatment, mainly due to hepatobiliary-related events, and more Lambda patients were lost to follow-up.

Pharmacokinetics of endogenous porphyrins induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid as observed by means of laser-induced fluorescence from several organs of tumor-bearing mice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sroka, Ronald; Baumgartner, Reinhold; Beyer, Wolfgang; Gossner, Liebwin; Sassy, T.; Stocker, Susanne

1995-04-01

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) add support to efficient treatment modalities of superficial and early stage cancer. Recently 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor of hemoglobin in the hem biosynthetic pathway, was used to stimulate endogenous porphyrin production. The time dependency of 5-ALA induced porphyrin fluorescence has been investigated on several normal tissues as well as on a tumor in an in-vivo tumor model (human gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma Grade II, UICC IIa). 5-ALA has been administered intravenously at a concentration of 50 mg/(kg bw). With respect to a certain time schedule the animals were sacrificed and 12 different organs as well as the tumor were removed. Using laser-induced fluorescence techniques the emission spectra in the range of (lambda) equals (550-750) nm were detected from the tissues after excitation with light of the wavelength (lambda) equals (411 +/- 4) nm. For quantitative evaluation the integral fluorescence intensity at (lambda) equals (635 +/- 2) nm of the porphyrin specific spectra has been determined. All tissues showed porphyrin fluorescence, while brightest fluorescence has been detected from the tumor. With respect to the other tissues the relative tumor selectivity showed a maximum ratio at 406 h post injection. The kinetics of the porphyrin fluorescence intensity of the organs follow different time dependencies. Simple mathematical pharmacokinetic models are developed and discussed.

Apparatus and method for closed-loop control of reactor power in minimum time

DOEpatents

Bernard, Jr., John A.

1988-11-01

Closed-loop control law for altering the power level of nuclear reactors in a safe manner and without overshoot and in minimum time. Apparatus is provided for moving a fast-acting control element such as a control rod or a control drum for altering the nuclear reactor power level. A computer computes at short time intervals either the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e '.rho.-.SIGMA..beta..sub.i (.lambda..sub.i -.lambda..sub.e ')+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e '.omega.] or the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e .rho.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e)(.beta.-.rho.)+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e .omega.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e).omega.] These functions each specify the rate of change of reactivity that is necessary to achieve a specified rate of change of reactor power. The direction and speed of motion of the control element is altered so as to provide the rate of reactivity change calculated using either or both of these functions thereby resulting in the attainment of a new power level without overshoot and in minimum time. These functions are computed at intervals of approximately 0.01-1.0 seconds depending on the specific application.

On Spectral Invariance of Single Scattering Albedo for Weakly Absorbing Wavelengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Chiu, J. Christine; Wiscombe, Warren J.

2011-01-01

This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio omega(sub O lambda(r))/omega(sub O lambda(r(sub O)) of two single scattering albedo spectra, omega(sub O lambda(r) and omega(sub O lambda(r (sub O)), is a linear function of omega(sub O lambda(r). The slope and intercept of the linear function are wavelength independent and sum to unity. This relationship allows for a representation of any single scattering albedo omega(sub O lambda(r) via one known spectrum omega(sub O lambda(r(sub O)). The note provides a simple physical explanation of the discovered relationship. In addition to water droplets, similar linear relationships were found for the single scattering albedo of non-spherical ice crystals.

Pegylated interferons Lambda-1a and alfa-2a display different gene induction and cytokine and chemokine release profiles in whole blood, human hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

PubMed

Freeman, J; Baglino, S; Friborg, J; Kraft, Z; Gray, T; Hill, M; McPhee, F; Hillson, J; Lopez-Talavera, J C; Wind-Rotolo, M

2014-06-01

Pegylated interferon-lambda-1a (Lambda), a type III interferon (IFN) in clinical development for the treatment of chronic HCV infection, has shown comparable efficacy and an improved safety profile to a regimen based on pegylated IFN alfa-2a (alfa). To establish a mechanistic context for this improved profile, we investigated the ex vivo effects of Lambda and alfa on cytokine and chemokine release, and on expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in primary human hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects. Our findings were further compared with changes observed in blood analysed from HCV-infected patients treated with Lambda or alfa in clinical studies. mRNA transcript and protein expression of the IFN-λ-limiting receptor subunit was lower compared with IFN-α receptor subunits in all cell types. Upon stimulation, alfa and Lambda induced ISG expression in hepatocytes and PBMCs, although in PBMCs Lambda-induced ISG expression was modest. Furthermore, alfa and Lambda induced release of cytokines and chemokines from hepatocytes and PBMCs, although differences in their kinetics of induction were observed. In HCV-infected patients, alfa treatment induced ISG expression in whole blood after single and repeat dosing. Lambda treatment induced modest ISG expression after single dosing and showed no induction after repeat dosing. Alfa and Lambda treatment increased IP-10, iTAC, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β levels in serum, with alfa inducing higher levels of all mediators compared with Lambda. Overall, ex vivo and in vivo induction profiles reported in this analysis strongly correlate with clinical observations of fewer related adverse events for Lambda vs those typically associated with alfa. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Environmental chemistry, ecotoxicity, and fate of lambda-cyhalothrin.

PubMed

He, Li-Ming; Troiano, John; Wang, Albert; Goh, Kean

2008-01-01

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used for controlling pest insects in agriculture, public health, and in construction and households. Lambda-cyhalothrin is characterized by low vapor pressure and a low Henry's law constant but by a high octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)) and high water-solid-organic carbon partition coefficient (K(oc)) values. Lambda-cyhalothrin is quite stable in water at pH < 8, whereas it hydrolyzes to form HCN and aldehyde under alkaline conditions. Although lambda-cyhalothrin is relatively photostable under natural irradiation, with a half-life > 3 wk, its photolysis process is fast under UV irradiation, with a half-life < 10 min. The fate of lambda-cyhalothrin in aquatic ecosystems depends on the nature of system components such as suspended solids (mineral and organic particulates) and aquatic organisms (algae, macrophytes, or aquatic animals). Lambda-cyhalothrin residues dissolved in water decrease rapidly if suspended solids and/or aquatic organisms are present because lambda-cyhalothrin molecules are strongly adsorbed by particulates and plants. Adsorbed lambda-cyhalothrin molecules show decreased degradation rates because they are less accessible to breakdown than free molecules in the water column. On the other hand, lambda-cyhalothrin adsorbed to suspended solids or bottom sediments may provide a mechanism to mitigate its acute toxicity to aquatic organisms by reducing their short-term bioavailability in the water column. The widespread use of lambda-cyhalothrin has resulted in residues in sediment, which have been found to be toxic to aquatic organisms including fish and amphipods. Mitigation measures have been used to reduce the adverse impact of lambda-cyhalothrin contributed from agricultural or urban runoff. Mitigation may be achieved by reducing the quantity of runoff and suspended solid content in runoff through wetlands, detention ponds, or vegetated ditches.

Non-LTE radiative transfer with lambda-acceleration - Convergence properties using exact full and diagonal lambda-operators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macfarlane, J. J.

1992-01-01

We investigate the convergence properties of Lambda-acceleration methods for non-LTE radiative transfer problems in planar and spherical geometry. Matrix elements of the 'exact' A-operator are used to accelerate convergence to a solution in which both the radiative transfer and atomic rate equations are simultaneously satisfied. Convergence properties of two-level and multilevel atomic systems are investigated for methods using: (1) the complete Lambda-operator, and (2) the diagonal of the Lambda-operator. We find that the convergence properties for the method utilizing the complete Lambda-operator are significantly better than those of the diagonal Lambda-operator method, often reducing the number of iterations needed for convergence by a factor of between two and seven. However, the overall computational time required for large scale calculations - that is, those with many atomic levels and spatial zones - is typically a factor of a few larger for the complete Lambda-operator method, suggesting that the approach should be best applied to problems in which convergence is especially difficult.

Mass and K{lambda} Coupling of the N*(1535)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, B.C.; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Zou, B.S.

2006-02-03

Using a resonance isobar model and an effective Lagrangian approach, from recent BES results on J/{psi}{yields}pp{eta} and {psi}{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda}, we deduce the ratio between effective coupling constants of N*(1535) to K{lambda} and p{eta} to be R{identical_to}g{sub N*(1535)K{lambda}}/g{sub N*(1535)p{eta}}=1.3{+-}0.3. With the previous known value of g{sub N*(1535)p{eta}}, the obtained new value of g{sub N*(1535)K{lambda}} is shown to reproduce recent pp{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda} near-threshold cross section data as well. Taking into account this large N*K{lambda} coupling in the coupled channel Breit-Wigner formula for the N*(1535), its Breit-Wigner mass is found to be around 1400 MeV, much smaller than the previous value of aboutmore » 1535 MeV obtained without including its coupling to K{lambda}. The implication on the nature of N*(1535) is discussed.« less

Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: A randomized phase 2b study (LIRA-B).

PubMed

Chan, Henry L Y; Ahn, Sang Hoon; Chang, Ting-Tsung; Peng, Cheng-Yuan; Wong, David; Coffin, Carla S; Lim, Seng Gee; Chen, Pei-Jer; Janssen, Harry L A; Marcellin, Patrick; Serfaty, Lawrence; Zeuzem, Stefan; Cohen, David; Critelli, Linda; Xu, Dong; Wind-Rotolo, Megan; Cooney, Elizabeth

2016-05-01

Peginterferon lambda-1a (lambda) is a Type-III interferon, which, like alfa interferons, has antiviral activity in vitro against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, lambda has a more limited extra-hepatic receptor distribution. This phase 2b study (LIRA-B) evaluated lambda in patients with chronic HBV infection. Adult HBeAg+ interferon-naive patients were randomized (1:1) to weekly lambda (180 μg) or peginterferon alfa-2a (alfa) for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was HBeAg seroconversion at week 24 post-treatment; lambda non-inferiority was demonstrated if the 80% confidence interval (80% CI) lower bound was >-15%. Baseline characteristics were balanced across groups (lambda N=80; alfa N=83). Early on-treatment declines in HBV-DNA and qHBsAg through week 24 were greater with lambda. HBeAg seroconversion rates were comparable for lambda and alfa at week 48 (17.5% vs. 16.9%, respectively); however lambda non-inferiority was not met at week 24 post-treatment (13.8% vs. 30.1%, respectively; lambda vs. alfa 80% CI lower bound -24%). Results for other key secondary endpoints (virologic, serologic, biochemical) and post hoc combined endpoints (HBV-DNA <2000 IU/ml plus HBeAg seroconversion or ALT normalization) mostly favored alfa. Overall adverse events (AE), serious AE, and AE-discontinuation rates were comparable between arms but AE-spectra differed (more cytopenias, flu-like, and musculoskeletal symptoms observed with alfa, more ALT flares and bilirubin elevations seen with lambda). Most on-treatment flares occurred early (weeks 4-12), associated with HBV-DNA decline; all post-treatment flares were preceded by HBV-DNA rise. On-treatment, lambda showed greater early effects on HBV-DNA and qHBsAg, and comparable serologic/virologic responses at end-of-treatment. However, post-treatment, alfa-associated HBeAg seroconversion rates were higher, and key secondary results mostly favored alfa. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01204762. Copyright © 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The sheep (Ovis aries) muscle proteome: Decoding the mechanisms of tolerance to Seasonal Weight Loss using label-free proteomics.

PubMed

Ferreira, Ana M; Grossmann, Jonas; Fortes, Claudia; Kilminster, Tanya; Scanlon, Tim; Milton, John; Greeff, Johan; Oldham, Chris; Nanni, Paolo; Almeida, André M

2017-05-24

Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL) is one of the most pressing issues in animal production in the tropics and Mediterranean. This work aims to characterize muscle proteome changes as a consequence of SWL in meat producing sheep, using a label-free proteomics approach. We compare three breeds: the Australian Merino (SWL susceptible), the Damara (SWL tolerant) and the Dorper (SWL intermediate tolerance). We identified 668 proteins of the sheep proteome, 95 with differential regulation. Also we observe that the more vulnerable to SWL a breed is, the more differential abundance proteins we find. Protein binding was the most frequently altered molecular function identified. We suggest 6 putative markers for restricted nutritional conditions independently of breed: ferritin heavy-chain; immunoglobulin V lambda chain; transgelin; fatty acid synthase; glutathione S-transferase A2; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3-like. Moreover, we suggest as related to SWL tolerance: S100-A10 Serpin A3-5-like and Catalase, subject however to necessary validation assays. The identification of SWL-tolerance related proteins using proteomics will lead to increased stock productivity of relevant interest to animal production, particularly if identified at the muscle level, the tissue of economic importance in meat production. Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL) is the most pressing issue in animal production in the tropics and the Mediterranean. To counter SWL, farmers often use animal breeds that have a natural ability to withstand pasture scarcity. Here we study the sheep muscle proteome at the muscle level, the tissue of economic importance in meat production. Furthermore, the identification of proteins that change their abundance in response to SWL using proteomics can contribute to increased stock productivity of relevant interest to animal production. We identified 668 proteins of the sheep proteome. We demonstrate that the following proteins are affected by restricted nutritional conditions: ferritin heavy chain; immunoglobulin V lambda chain; transgelin; fatty acid synthase; glutathione S-transferase A2; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3-like. Furthermore, S100-A10, Serpin A3-5-like and Catalase are proteins that changed their abundance in response to SWL. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that Catalase values for the merino breed were close to significance and therefore catalase validation is of utmost importance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First Observation of Charmed Resonances in the $$\\Lambda^0_b \\to \\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$ Inclusive Decay and Measurement of Their Relative Branching Ratios at CDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barria, Patrizia

2012-01-01

We present the observation of themore » $$\\Lambda^0_b$$ decay into a $$\\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$ final state, in $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 1:96 TeV. The data analyzed were collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and correspond to 2:4 $$fb^{-1}$$ of integrated luminosity. We fit the invariant mass distribution of the reconstructed candidates to extract a signal yield of 848 $$\\pm$$ 93 $$\\Lambda^0_b$$ into $$\\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$....« less

Further observations of the lambda 10830 He line in stars and their significance as a measure of stellar activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zirin, H.

1975-01-01

Measurements of the lambda 1030 He line in 198 stars are given along with data on other features in that spectral range. Nearly 80% of all G and K stars show some lambda 10830; of these, half are variable and 1/4 show emission. It was confirmed that lambda 10830 is not found in M stars, is weak in F stars, and is particularly strong in close binaries. The line is found in emission in extremely late M and S stars, along with P gamma, but P gamma is not in emission in G and K stars with lambda 10830 emissions. Variable He emission and Ti I emission are found in the RV Tauri variables R Scuti and U Mon. In R Aqr the Fe XIII coronal line lambda 10747 and a line at lambda 11012 which may be singlet He or La II are found, as well as lambda 10830 and P gamma. The nature of coronas or hot chromospheres in the various stars is discussed. It was concluded that the lambda 10830 intensity must be more or less proportional to the energy deposited in the chromosphere corona by non-thermal processes.

A photon spectrometric dose-rate constant determination for the Advantage Pd-103 brachytherapy source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Zhe Jay; Bongiorni, Paul; Nath, Ravinder

Purpose: Although several dosimetric characterizations using Monte Carlo simulation and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) have been reported for the new Advantage Pd-103 source (IsoAid, LLC, Port Richey, FL), no AAPM consensus value has been established for the dosimetric parameters of the source. The aim of this work was to perform an additional dose-rate constant ({Lambda}) determination using a recently established photon spectrometry technique (PST) that is independent of the published TLD and Monte Carlo techniques. Methods: Three Model IAPD-103A Advantage Pd-103 sources were used in this study. The relative photon energy spectrum emitted by each source along the transverse axis wasmore » measured using a high-resolution germanium spectrometer designed for low-energy photons. For each source, the dose-rate constant was determined from its emitted energy spectrum. The PST-determined dose-rate constant ({sub PST}{Lambda}) was then compared to those determined by TLD ({sub TLD}{Lambda}) and Monte Carlo ({sub MC}{Lambda}) techniques. A likely consensus {Lambda} value was estimated as the arithmetic mean of the average {Lambda} values determined by each of three different techniques. Results: The average {sub PST}{Lambda} value for the three Advantage sources was found to be (0.676{+-}0.026) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}. Intersource variation in {sub PST}{Lambda} was less than 0.01%. The {sub PST}{Lambda} was within 2% of the reported {sub MC}{Lambda} values determined by PTRAN, EGSnrc, and MCNP5 codes. It was 3.4% lower than the reported {sub TLD}{Lambda}. A likely consensus {Lambda} value was estimated to be (0.688{+-}0.026) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, similar to the AAPM consensus values recommended currently for the Theragenics (Buford, GA) Model 200 (0.686{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, the NASI (Chatsworth, CA) Model MED3633 (0.688{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, and the Best Medical (Springfield, VA) Model 2335 (0.685{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1} {sup 103}Pd sources. Conclusions: An independent {Lambda} determination has been performed for the Advantage Pd-103 source. The {sub PST}{Lambda} obtained in this work provides additional information needed for establishing a more accurate consensus {Lambda} value for the Advantage Pd-103 source.« less

78 FR 71609 - Methiocarb, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin and Prodiamine; Notice of Receipt of Requests To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-1017; FRL-9902-77] Methiocarb, Lambda-Cyhalothrin... receipt of requests by the registrants to voluntarily amend their Methiocarb, Lambda- Cyhalothrin... Willowood Lambda Cyhalothrin LLC, Gowan Company, Farnam Companies, Inc., Pyxis Regulatory Consulting, Inc...

Modeling polymer-induced interactions between two grafted surfaces: comparison between interfacial statistical associating fluid theory and self-consistent field theory.

PubMed

Jain, Shekhar; Ginzburg, Valeriy V; Jog, Prasanna; Weinhold, Jeffrey; Srivastava, Rakesh; Chapman, Walter G

2009-07-28

The interaction between two polymer grafted surfaces is important in many applications, such as nanocomposites, colloid stabilization, and polymer alloys. In our previous work [Jain et al., J. Chem. Phys. 128, 154910 (2008)], we showed that interfacial statistical associating fluid density theory (iSAFT) successfully calculates the structure of grafted polymer chains in the absence/presence of a free polymer. In the current work, we have applied this density functional theory to calculate the force of interaction between two such grafted monolayers in implicit good solvent conditions. In particular, we have considered the case where the segment sizes of the free (sigma(f)) and grafted (sigma(g)) polymers are different. The interactions between the two monolayers in the absence of the free polymer are always repulsive. However, in the presence of the free polymer, the force either can be purely repulsive or can have an attractive minimum depending upon the relative chain lengths of the free (N(f)) and grafted polymers (N(g)). The attractive minimum is observed only when the ratio alpha = N(f)/N(g) is greater than a critical value. We find that these critical values of alpha satisfy the following scaling relation: rho(g) square root(N(g)) beta(3) proportional to alpha(-lambda), where beta = sigma(f)/sigma(g) and lambda is the scaling exponent. For beta = 1 or the same segment sizes of the free and grafted polymers, this scaling relation is in agreement with those from previous theoretical studies using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Detailed comparisons between iSAFT and SCFT are made for the structures of the monolayers and their forces of interaction. These comparisons lead to interesting implications for the modeling of nanocomposite thermodynamics.

Structural relationship of curcumin derivatives binding to the BRCT domain of human DNA polymerase lambda.

PubMed

Takeuchi, Toshifumi; Ishidoh, Tomomi; Iijima, Hiroshi; Kuriyama, Isoko; Shimazaki, Noriko; Koiwai, Osamu; Kuramochi, Kouji; Kobayashi, Susumu; Sugawara, Fumio; Sakaguchi, Kengo; Yoshida, Hiromi; Mizushina, Yoshiyuki

2006-03-01

We previously reported that phenolic compounds, petasiphenol and curcumin (diferuloylmethane), were a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase lambda (pol lambda) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular structural relationship of curcumin and 13 chemically synthesized derivatives of curcumin. The inhibitory effect on pol lambda (full-length, i.e. intact pol lambda including the BRCA1 C- terminal [BRCT] domain) by some derivatives was stronger than that by curcumin, and monoacetylcurcumin (compound 13) was the strongest pol lambda inhibitor of all the compounds tested, achieving 50% inhibition at a concentration of 3.9 microm. The compound did not influence the activities of replicative pols such as alpha, delta, and epsilon. It had no effect on pol beta activity either, although the three-dimensional structure of pol beta is thought to be highly similar to that of pol lambda. Compound 13 did not inhibit the activity of the C-terminal catalytic domain of pol lambda including the pol beta-like core, in which the BRCT motif was deleted from its N-terminal region. MALDI-TOF MS analysis demonstrated that compound 13 bound selectively to the N-terminal domain of pol lambda, but did not bind to the C-terminal region. Based on these results, the pol lambda-inhibitory mechanism of compound 13 is discussed.

New 1982-1990 photometry of Lambda Andromedae and its 11-year cycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Douglas S.; Henry, Gregory W.; Boehme, Dietmar; Brooks, Peter A.; Chang, Sandy; Dolzan, Ales; Fortier, George L.; Fried, Robert E.; Genet, Russell M.; Grim, Bruce S.

1991-01-01

The paper presents photoelectric photometry of Lambda And never before published, obtained between February 1982 and December 1990 at 29 different observatories. Then it is combined with all other photometry available (previously published, contained in the I.A.U. Commission 27 Archives, and obtained with the Vanderbilt 16-inch automatic telescope but not yet published), to yield a 14.8-year data base. Analysis reveals a long-term cycle in mean brightness, with a full range of 0.15 m and a period of 11.4 +/- 0.4 years. Because most of the new photometry was concentrated in the 1983-1984 observing season, this one well-defined light curve is analyzed with a two-spot model. Spot A keeps a 0.04 m amplitude throughout four rotation cycles whereas the amplitude of spot B diminishes from 0.09 m down almost to 0.03 m. The spot rotation periods were 55.9 d +/- 0.6 d and 52.8 d +/- 1.0 d, respectively.

Full-color laser cathode ray tube (L-CRT) projector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozlovskiy, Vladimir; Nasibov, Alexander S.; Popov, Yuri M.; Reznikov, Parvel V.; Skasyrsky, Yan K.

1995-04-01

A full color TV projector based on three laser cathode-ray tubes (L-CRT) is described. A water-cooled laser screen (LS) is the radiation element of the L-CRT. We have produced three main colors (blue, green and red) by using the LS made of three II-VI compounds: ZnSe ((lambda) equals 475 nm), CdS ((lambda) equals 530 nm) and ZnCdSe (630 nm). The total light flow reaches 1500 Lm, and the number of elements per line is not less than 1000. The LS efficiency may be about 10 Lm/W. In our experiments we have tested new electron optics: - (30 - 37) kV are applied to the cathode unit of the electron gun; the anode of the e-gun and the e-beam intensity modulator are under low potential; the LS has a potential + (30 - 37) kV. The accelerating voltage is divided into two parts, and this enables us to diminish the size and weight of the projector.

High-resolution IUE observations of the 1981 eclipse of 32 CYG

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reimers, D.; Che, A.; Hempe, K.

1981-01-01

32 Cyg shows a spectacular pure emission line spectrum during eclipse. Six weeks later, most lines, which were observed in emission during eclipse, are seen as P Cygni type profiles with strong absorption components. The lines are formed through line scattering of B star light in the extended atmosphere (wind) of the K supergiant. During eclipse, the emission parts of the P Cyg lines remain visible since the size of the line scattering sphere around the B star is larger than the red giant. Other emission lines are formed in a shock front near the B star (CIV, SiIV, FeIII) and possibly in an accretion disk. The strong FeII UV Mult. 191 lambda lambda 1785-88 A is shown to be formed through optical pumping via FeII UV Mult. 9 photons. The phase dependence of the P Cyg type profiles is modelled by means of line transfer calculations in nonspherical, 3-dimensional geometry with velocity fields.

Visual detection of trace nitroaromatic explosive residue using photoluminescent metallole-containing polymers.

PubMed

Toal, Sarah J; Sanchez, Jason C; Dugan, Regina E; Trogler, William C

2007-01-01

The detection of trace explosives is important for forensic, military, and homeland security applications. Detection of widely used nitroaromatic explosives (trinitrotoluene [TNT], 2,4-dinitrotoluene [DNT], picric acid [PA]) was carried out using photoluminescent metallole-containing polymers. The method of detection is through the quenching of fluorescence of thin films of the polymer, prepared by spray coating organic solutions of the polymer, by the explosive analyte. Visual quenching of luminescence (lambda(em) approximately 400-510 nm) in the presence of the explosive is seen immediately upon illumination with near-UV light (lambda(ex)=360 nm). Detection limits were observed to be as low as 5 ng for TNT, 20 ng for DNT, and 5 ng for PA. In addition, experiments with normal production line explosives and their components show that this technology is also able to detect composition B, Pyrodex, and nitromethane. This method offers a convenient and sensitive method of detection of trace nitroaromatic explosive residue.

New microscope produced by Lambda Praha Co. applicable to field studies of microorganisms.

PubMed

Zizka, Z

2008-01-01

A new microscope produced by the company Lambda Praha, applicable to field studies, was used for the observation of biofilms growing on stones and rocks of the Red Sea beach at Sharm El Sheikh resort in Egypt. The microscope was equipped with a novel LED illumination system, independent of sunlight as the light source, and an attachable mechanical stage making possible a precise and systematic observation of the preparation. Using this device, black biofilms of cyanobacteria and green biofilms of algae were studied; characteristic sheaths protecting the cells against the intense sunlight were found in cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Lyngbya. Trichomes on phylloids consisting of 3 to 4 cells were observed in algae belonging to the genus Padina, whose nuclei were degraded as a result of apoptosis, which is in contrast to the species Padina pavonia containing visible nuclear residues observed on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea near Lastovo island in Croatia in 2007.

Light chain typing of immunoglobulins in small samples of biological material

PubMed Central

Rádl, J.

1970-01-01

A method is described for the typing of the light chains of immunoglobulins in small samples of sera or external secretions and without their previous isolation. It consists of immunoelectrophoresis in agar plates which contain specific antisera against one of the light chain types. All immunoglobulins of this type are thus selected by precipitation in the central area during the electrophoretic phase. Immunoglobulins of the opposite light chain type diffuse through the agar and react with the class specific antisera from the troughs. This results in the precipitin lines as in conventional immunoelectrophoresis. This technique has proved most useful for typing heterogenous or homogeneous immunoglobulins in normal and low concentration. The antisera used for incorporation in the agar should fulfil special requirements. They should contain a high level of antibodies against common surface determinants of the immunoglobulin light chains. The further possibilities of this immunoselection technique for typing different protein mixtures is discussed. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:4098592

Serum-free light-chain analysis in diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and related conditions.

PubMed

Milani, Paolo; Palladini, Giovanni; Merlini, Giampaolo

2016-01-01

The introduction of the serum-free light-chain (S-FLC) assay has been a breakthrough in the diagnosis and management of plasma cell dyscrasias, particularly monoclonal light-chain diseases. The first method, proposed in 2001, quantifies serum-free light-chains using polyclonal antibodies. More recently, assays based on monoclonal antibodies have entered into clinical practice. S-FLC measurement plays a central role in the screening for multiple myeloma and related conditions, in association with electrophoretic techniques. Analysis of S-FLC is essential in assessing the risk of progression of precursor diseases to overt plasma cell dyscrasias. It is also useful for risk stratification in solitary plasmacytoma and AL amyloidosis. The S-FLC measurement is part of the new diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma, and provides a marker to follow changes in clonal substructure over time. Finally, the evaluation of S-FLC is fundamental for assessing the response to treatment in monoclonal light chain diseases.

Myosin Light Chain Kinase Is Necessary for Tonic Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction*

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wen-Cheng; Peng, Ya-Jing; Zhang, Gen-Sheng; He, Wei-Qi; Qiao, Yan-Ning; Dong, Ying-Ying; Gao, Yun-Qian; Chen, Chen; Zhang, Cheng-Hai; Li, Wen; Shen, Hua-Hao; Ning, Wen; Kamm, Kristine E.; Stull, James T.; Gao, Xiang; Zhu, Min-Sheng

2010-01-01

Different interacting signaling modules involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase, Ca2+-independent regulatory light chain phosphorylation, myosin phosphatase inhibition, and actin filament-based proteins are proposed as specific cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. However, the relative importance of specific modules is not well defined. By using tamoxifen-activated and smooth muscle-specific knock-out of myosin light chain kinase in mice, we analyzed its role in tonic airway smooth muscle contraction. Knock-out of the kinase in both tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle significantly reduced contraction and myosin phosphorylation responses to K+-depolarization and acetylcholine. Kinase-deficient mice lacked bronchial constrictions in normal and asthmatic airways, whereas the asthmatic inflammation response was not affected. These results indicate that myosin light chain kinase acts as a central participant in the contractile signaling module of tonic smooth muscle. Importantly, contractile airway smooth muscles are necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance. PMID:20018858

Search for CP Violation in Hyperon Decay: $$\\Xi^- / \\bar{\\Xi}^+$$ and $$\\Lambda / \\bar{\\Lambda}$$ (in French)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leros, Nicolas

2001-06-01

The HyperCP(EB71) experiment, performed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the United States, provides a primary search for direct OP violation in the decays ofmore » $$\\Xi^-/\\bar{\\Xi}^+$$ and $$\\Lambda/ \\bar{\\Lambda}$$ hyperons....« less

Modular Construction of Large Non-Immune Human Antibody Phage-Display Libraries from Variable Heavy and Light Chain Gene Cassettes.

PubMed

Lee, Nam-Kyung; Bidlingmaier, Scott; Su, Yang; Liu, Bin

2018-01-01

Monoclonal antibodies and antibody-derived therapeutics have emerged as a rapidly growing class of biological drugs for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, infection, and neurological diseases. To support the development of human antibodies, various display techniques based on antibody gene repertoires have been constructed over the last two decades. In particular, scFv-antibody phage display has been extensively utilized to select lead antibodies against a variety of target antigens. To construct a scFv phage display that enables efficient antibody discovery, and optimization, it is desirable to develop a system that allows modular assembly of highly diverse variable heavy chain and light chain (Vκ and Vλ) repertoires. Here, we describe modular construction of large non-immune human antibody phage-display libraries built on variable gene cassettes from heavy chain and light chain repertoires (Vκ- and Vλ-light can be made into independent cassettes). We describe utility of such libraries in antibody discovery and optimization through chain shuffling.

Multiple Myeloma and Its Precursor Disease Among Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster.

PubMed

Landgren, Ola; Zeig-Owens, Rachel; Giricz, Orsolya; Goldfarb, David; Murata, Kaznouri; Thoren, Katie; Ramanathan, Lakshmi; Hultcrantz, Malin; Dogan, Ahmet; Nwankwo, George; Steidl, Ulrich; Pradhan, Kith; Hall, Charles B; Cohen, Hillel W; Jaber, Nadia; Schwartz, Theresa; Crowley, Laura; Crane, Michael; Irby, Shani; Webber, Mayris P; Verma, Amit; Prezant, David J

2018-06-01

The World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on September 11, 2001, created an unprecedented environmental exposure to known and suspected carcinogens suggested to increase the risk of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is consistently preceded by the precursor states of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and light-chain MGUS, detectable in peripheral blood. To characterize WTC-exposed firefighters with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma and to conduct a screening study for MGUS and light-chain MGUS. Case series of multiple myeloma in firefighters diagnosed between September 11, 2001, and July 1, 2017, together with a seroprevalence study of MGUS in serum samples collected from Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters between December 2013 and October 2015. Participants included all WTC-exposed FDNY white, male firefighters with a confirmed physician diagnosis of multiple myeloma (n = 16) and WTC-exposed FDNY white male firefighters older than 50 years with available serum samples (n = 781). WTC exposure defined as rescue and/or recovery work at the WTC site between September 11, 2001, and July 25, 2002. Multiple myeloma case information, and age-adjusted and age-specific prevalence rates for overall MGUS (ie, MGUS and light-chain MGUS), MGUS, and light-chain MGUS. Sixteen WTC-exposed white male firefighters received a diagnosis of multiple myeloma after September 11, 2001; median age at diagnosis was 57 years (interquartile range, 50-68 years). Serum/urine monoclonal protein isotype/free light-chain data were available for 14 cases; 7 (50%) had light-chain multiple myeloma. In a subset of 7 patients, myeloma cells were assessed for CD20 expression; 5 (71%) were CD20 positive. In the screening study, we assayed peripheral blood from 781 WTC-exposed firefighters. The age-standardized prevalence rate of MGUS and light-chain MGUS combined was 7.63 per 100 persons (95% CI, 5.45-9.81), 1.8-fold higher than rates from the Olmsted County, Minnesota, white male reference population (relative rate, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.29). The age-standardized prevalence rate of light-chain MGUS was more than 3-fold higher than in the same reference population (relative rate, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.99-4.93). Environmental exposure to the WTC disaster site is associated with myeloma precursor disease (MGUS and light-chain MGUS) and may be a risk factor for the development of multiple myeloma at an earlier age, particularly the light-chain subtype.

Transient and Prolonged Response of Chicken Cecum Mucosa to Colonization with Different Gut Microbiota

PubMed Central

Volf, Jiri; Polansky, Ondrej; Varmuzova, Karolina; Gerzova, Lenka; Sekelova, Zuzana; Faldynova, Marcela; Babak, Vladimir; Medvecky, Matej; Smith, Adrian L.; Kaspers, Bernd; Velge, Philippe; Rychlik, Ivan

2016-01-01

In this study we determined protein and gene expression in the caeca of newly hatched chickens inoculated with cecal contents sourced from hens of different ages. Over 250 proteins exhibited modified expression levels in response to microbiota inoculation. The most significant inductions were observed for ISG12-2, OASL, ES1, LYG2, DMBT1-L, CDD, ANGPTL6, B2M, CUZD1, IgM and Ig lambda chain. Of these, ISG12-2, ES1 and both immunoglobulins were expressed at lower levels in germ-free chickens compared to conventional chickens. In contrast, CELA2A, BRT-2, ALDH1A1, ADH1C, AKR1B1L, HEXB, ALDH2, ALDOB, CALB1 and TTR were expressed at lower levels following inoculation of microbiota. When chicks were given microbiota preparations from different age donors, the recipients mounted differential responses to the inoculation which also differed from the response profile in naturally colonised birds. For example, B2M, CUZD1 and CELA2A responded differently to the inoculation with microbiota of 4- or 40-week-old hens. The increased or decreased gene expression could be recorded 6 weeks after the inoculation of newly hatched chickens. To characterise the proteins that may directly interact with the microbiota we characterised chicken proteins that co-purified with the microbiota and identified a range of host proteins including CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda. We propose that induction of ISG12-2 results in reduced apoptosis of host cells exposed to the colonizing commensal microbiota and that CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda reduce contact of luminal microbiota with the gut epithelium thereby reducing the inflammatory response. PMID:27685470

Bubble formation during pulsed laser ablation: mechanism and implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Leeuwen, Ton G. J. M.; Jansen, E. Duco; Motamedi, Massoud; Welch, Ashley J.; Borst, Cornelius

1993-07-01

Holmium ((lambda) equals 2.09 micrometers ) and excimer ((lambda) equals 308 nm) lasers are used for ablation of tissue. In a previous study it was demonstrated that both excimer and holmium laser pulses produce fast expanding and collapsing vapor bubbles. To investigate whether the excimer induced bubble is caused by vaporization of water, the threshold fluence for bubble formation at a bare fiber tip in water was compared between the excimer laser (pulse length 115 ns) and the Q-switched and free-running holmium lasers (pulse length 1 microsecond(s) to 250 microsecond(s) , respectively). To induce bubble formation by excimer laser light in water, the absorber oxybuprocaine-hydrochloride (OBP-HCl) was added to the water. Fast flash photography was used to measure the threshold fluence as a function of the water temperature (6 - 90 degree(s)C) at environmental pressure. The ultraviolet excimer laser light is strongly absorbed by blood. Therefore, to document the implications of bubble formation at fluences above the tissue ablation threshold, excimer laser pulses were delivered in vitro in hemoglobin solution and in vivo in the femoral artery of the rabbit. We conclude that the principal content of the fast bubble induced by a 308 nm excimer laser pulse is water vapor. Therefore, delivery of excimer laser pulses in a water or blood environment will cause fast expanding water vapor bubbles, which may induce mechanical damage to adjacent tissue.

TESTING NONSTANDARD COSMOLOGICAL MODELS WITH SNLS3 SUPERNOVA DATA AND OTHER COSMOLOGICAL PROBES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li Zhengxiang; Yu Hongwei; Wu Puxun, E-mail: hwyu@hunnu.edu.cn

2012-01-10

We investigate the implications for some nonstandard cosmological models using data from the first three years of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS3), assuming a spatially flat universe. A comparison between the constraints from the SNLS3 and those from other SN Ia samples, such as the ESSENCE, Union2, SDSS-II, and Constitution samples, is given and the effects of different light-curve fitters are considered. We find that analyzing SNe Ia with SALT2 or SALT or SiFTO can give consistent results and the tensions between different data sets and different light-curve fitters are obvious for fewer-free-parameters models. At the same time, we alsomore » study the constraints from SNLS3 along with data from the cosmic microwave background and the baryonic acoustic oscillations (CMB/BAO), and the latest Hubble parameter versus redshift (H(z)). Using model selection criteria such as {chi}{sup 2}/dof, goodness of fit, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion, we find that, among all the cosmological models considered here ({Lambda}CDM, constant w, varying w, Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP), modified polytropic Cardassian, and the generalized Chaplygin gas), the flat DGP is favored by SNLS3 alone. However, when additional CMB/BAO or H(z) constraints are included, this is no longer the case, and the flat {Lambda}CDM becomes preferred.« less

Achromatic Focal Plane Mask for Exoplanet Imaging Coronagraphy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newman, Kevin Edward; Belikov, Ruslan; Guyon, Olivier; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Wilson, Dan

2013-01-01

Recent advances in coronagraph technologies for exoplanet imaging have achieved contrasts close to 1e10 at 4 lambda/D and 1e-9 at 2 lambda/D in monochromatic light. A remaining technological challenge is to achieve high contrast in broadband light; a challenge that is largely limited by chromaticity of the focal plane mask. The size of a star image scales linearly with wavelength. Focal plane masks are typically the same size at all wavelengths, and must be sized for the longest wavelength in the observational band to avoid starlight leakage. However, this oversized mask blocks useful discovery space from the shorter wavelengths. We present here the design, development, and testing of an achromatic focal plane mask based on the concept of optical filtering by a diffractive optical element (DOE). The mask consists of an array of DOE cells, the combination of which functions as a wavelength filter with any desired amplitude and phase transmission. The effective size of the mask scales nearly linearly with wavelength, and allows significant improvement in the inner working angle of the coronagraph at shorter wavelengths. The design is applicable to almost any coronagraph configuration, and enables operation in a wider band of wavelengths than would otherwise be possible. We include initial results from a laboratory demonstration of the mask with the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization coronagraph.

Unmasking of complements using proteinase-K in formalin fixed paraffin embedded renal biopsies.

PubMed

Nada, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, V G; Gupta, K L; Joshi, K

2016-01-01

Renal biopsy interpretation requires histopathology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and electron microscopy. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) sent for light microscopy can be used for DIF after antigen retrieval. However, complement staining has not been satisfactory. We standardized DIF using proteinase-K for antigen retrieval in FFPE renal biopsies. A pilot study was conducted on known cases of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), membranoproliferative type-1 (MPGN-1), immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), and anti-glomerular basement disease (anti-GBM). Immunofluorescence panel included fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated IgG, IgA, IgM, complements (C3 and C1q), light chains (kappa, lambda) and fibrinogen antibodies. After standardization of the technique, 75 renal biopsies and 43 autopsies cases were stained. Out of 43 autopsy cases, immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) was confirmed in 18 cases (Lupus nephritis-11, IgAN-6, MGN-1), complement-mediated dense deposit disease (DDD-1) and monoclonal diseases in 4 cases (amyloidosis-3, cast nephropathy-1). Immune-mediated injury was excluded in 17 cases (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -3, crescentic GN-6 [pauci-immune-3, anti-GBM-3], thrombotic microangiopathy-5, atherosclerosis-3). Renal biopsies (n-75) where inadequate or no frozen sample was available; this technique classified 52 mesangiocapillary pattern as MPGN type-1-46, DDD-2 and (C3GN-4). Others were diagnosed as IgAN-3, lupus nephritis-2, MGN-4, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN)-1, Non-IC crescentic GN-1, monoclonal diseases-3. In nine cases, DIF on FFPE tissue could not help in making diagnosis. Proteinase-K enzymatic digestion of FFPE renal biopsies can unmask complements (both C3 and C1q) in immune-complexes mediated and complement-mediated diseases. This method showed good results on autopsy tissues archived for as long as 15 years.

New SPUDT cell structures.

PubMed

Martin, Guenter; Schmidt, Hagen; Wall, Bert

2004-07-01

The present paper describes single-phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDT) cells with all fingers wider than lambda/8 while maintaining the unidirectional effect. The first solution is related to a SPUDT consisting of lambda/4 and lambda/2 wide fingers arranged in two tracks. Each track has no significant unidirectional effect. Both tracks form a waveguide, and the waveguide coupling generates the interaction of the tracks. As a result of that interaction, a unidirectional effect arises as verified by experiment. This transducer type is called double-track (DT) SPUDT. A second solution is suggested that includes, in contrast to distributed acoustic reflection transducer (DART), electrode width control (EWC), and Hunsinger cells, SPUDT cell fingers with one and the same width only. Cell types with lambda/6, lambda/5, and lambda/3 wide fingers called uniform width electrode (UWE) cells are considered. One of these cell types, including exclusively lambda/5 wide fingers, is experimentally investigated and a unidirectional effect is found. Moreover, a filter example using the lambda/5 cell type has been designed for reducing SPUDT reflections. The echo suppression expected could be verified experimentally. No waveguide coupling is required for this cell type.

Recombination between bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli.

PubMed Central

Pogue-Geile, K L; Dassarma, S; King, S R; Jaskunas, S R

1980-01-01

Recombinant lambda phages were isolated that resulted from recombination between the lambda genome and plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli, even though these deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) did not share extensive regions of homology. The characterization of these recombinant DNAs by heteroduplex analysis and restriction endonucleases is described. All but one of the recombinants appeared to have resulted from reciprocal recombination between a site on lambda DNA and a site on the plasmid. In general, there were two classes of recombinants. One class appeared to have resulted from recombination at the phage attachment site that probably resulted from lambda integration into secondary attachment sites on the plasmid. Seven different secondary attachment sites on pBR322 were found. The other class resulted from plasmid integration at other sites that were widely scattered on the lambda genome. For this second class of recombinants, more than one site on the plasmid could recombine with lambda DNA. Thus, the recombination did not appear to be site specific with respect to lambda or the plasmid. Possible mechanisms for generating these recombinants are discussed. Images PMID:6247334

Two-parameter partially correlated ground-state electron density of some light spherical atoms from Hartree-Fock theory with nonintegral nuclear charge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cordero, Nicolas A.; March, Norman H.; Alonso, Julio A.

2007-05-15

Partially correlated ground-state electron densities for some spherical light atoms are calculated, into which nonrelativistic ionization potentials represent essential input data. The nuclear cusp condition of Kato is satisfied precisely. The basic theoretical starting point, however, is Hartree-Fock (HF) theory for the N electrons under consideration but with nonintegral nuclear charge Z{sup '} slightly different from the atomic number Z (=N). This HF density is scaled with a parameter {lambda}, near to unity, to preserve normalization. Finally, some tests are performed on the densities for the atoms Ne and Ar, as well as for Be and Mg.

Electro-Optic Lighting Detector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koshak, William J.; Solakiewicz, Richard J.

1999-01-01

The design, alignment, calibration, and field deployment of a solid-state lightning detector is described. The primary sensing component of the detector is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate electro-optic crystal that is attached in series to a flat-plate aluminum antenna; the antenna is exposed to the ambient thundercloud electric field. A semiconductor laser diode (lambda = 685 nm), polarizing optics, and the crystal are arranged in a Pockels cell configuration. Lightning-caused electric field changes are related to small changes in the transmission of laser light through the optical cell. Several hundred lightning electric field change excursions were recorded during five thunderstorms that occurred in the summer of 1998 at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in northern Alabama.

Elevated carboxylesterase activity contributes to the lambda-cyhalothrin insensitivity in quercetin fed Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).

PubMed

Chen, Chengyu; Liu, Ying; Shi, Xueyan; Desneux, Nicolas; Han, Peng; Gao, Xiwu

2017-01-01

Quercetin as one of the key plant secondary metabolite flavonol is ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. In this study, the decrease in sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in quercetin-fed Helicoverpa armigera larvae. In order to figure out the mechanisms underlying the decreased sensitivity of H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin by quercetin induction, the changes in carboxylesterase activity and in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin were examined. The LC50 value of quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin showed 2.41-fold higher than that of the control. S, S, S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) treatment showed a synergism effect on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to quercetin-fed H. armigera. Moreover, the activity of carboxylesterase was significantly higher in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae after fed on quercetin for 48 h. The in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae midgut was 289.82 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min, which is significant higher than that in the control group (149.60 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min). The elevated CarE enzyme activity and corresponding increased hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera contributed to the enhanced tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin.

Elevated carboxylesterase activity contributes to the lambda-cyhalothrin insensitivity in quercetin fed Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

PubMed Central

Chen, Chengyu; Liu, Ying; Desneux, Nicolas; Han, Peng; Gao, Xiwu

2017-01-01

Quercetin as one of the key plant secondary metabolite flavonol is ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. In this study, the decrease in sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in quercetin-fed Helicoverpa armigera larvae. In order to figure out the mechanisms underlying the decreased sensitivity of H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin by quercetin induction, the changes in carboxylesterase activity and in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin were examined. The LC50 value of quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin showed 2.41-fold higher than that of the control. S, S, S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) treatment showed a synergism effect on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to quercetin-fed H. armigera. Moreover, the activity of carboxylesterase was significantly higher in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae after fed on quercetin for 48 h. The in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae midgut was 289.82 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min, which is significant higher than that in the control group (149.60 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min). The elevated CarE enzyme activity and corresponding increased hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera contributed to the enhanced tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin. PMID:28817718

Characterizing Chain Processes in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis

PubMed Central

Cismesia, Megan A.

2015-01-01

The recognition that Ru(bpy)32+ andsimilar visible light absorbing transition metal complexes can be photocatalysts for a variety of synthetically useful organic reactions has resulted in a recent resurgence of interest in photoredox catalysis. However, many of the critical mechanistic aspects of this class of reactions remain poorly understood. In particular, the degree to which visible light photoredox reactions involve radical chain processes has been a point of some disagreement that has not been subjected to systematic analysis. We have now performed quantum yield measurements to demonstrate that threerepresentative, mechanistically distinct photoredox processes involve product-forming chain reactions. Moreover, we show that the combination of quantum yield and luminescence quenching experiments provides a rapid method to estimate the length of these chains. Together, these measurements constitute a robust, operationally facile strategy for characterizing chain processes in a wide range of visible light photoredox reactions. PMID:26668708

Therapeutic Approaches for Botulinum Intoxication Targeting Degradation of the Light Chain

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

SUBJECT TERMS Botulinum toxin , ubiquitin, chimeric toxin light chains, LcA, LcE, Yeast 2 hybrid, intracellular therapy. 16. SECURITY...Synaptic Research will develop dichain hybrids consisting of Clostridium botulinum toxin light chains (LCs) from serotypes A (long-lived) and E...stability to LCs of botulinum toxin can be assessed by mutation of dileucine residues and systematic deletion of residues from LcA-LcE chimeras to provide a

Antitumor activity of type I and type III interferons in BNL hepatoma model.

PubMed

Abushahba, Walid; Balan, Murugabaskar; Castaneda, Ismael; Yuan, Yao; Reuhl, Kenneth; Raveche, Elizabeth; de la Torre, Andrew; Lasfar, Ahmed; Kotenko, Sergei V

2010-07-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs most commonly secondary to cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C or B virus (HCV/HBV) infections. Type I interferon (IFN-alpha) treatment of chronic HCV/HBV infections reduces the incidence of HCC in cirrhotic patients. However, IFN-alpha toxicity limits its tolerability and efficacy highlighting a need for better therapeutic treatments. A recently discovered type III IFN (IFN-lambda) has been shown to possess antiviral properties against HCV and HBV in vitro. In phase I clinical trials, IFN-lambda treatment did not cause significant adverse reactions. Using a gene therapy approach, we compared the antitumor properties of IFN-alpha and IFN-lambda in a transplantable hepatoma model of HCC. BALB/c mice were inoculated with syngeneic BNL hepatoma cells, or BNL cells expressing IFN-lambda (BNL.IFN-lambda cells) or IFN-alpha (BNL.IFN-alpha cells). Despite the lack of antiproliferative activity of IFNs on BNL cells, both BNL.IFN-lambda and BNL.IFN-alpha cells displayed retarded growth kinetics in vivo. Depletion of NK cells from splenocytes inhibited splenocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, demonstrating that NK cells play a role in IFN-induced antitumor responses. However, isolated NK cells did not respond directly to IFN-lambda. There was also a marked NK cell infiltration in IFN-lambda producing tumors. In addition, IFN-lambda and, to a lesser extent, IFN-alpha enhanced immunocytotoxicity of splenocytes primed with irradiated BNL cells. Splenocyte cytotoxicity against BNL cells was dependent on IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and mediated by dendritic cells. In contrast to NK cells, isolated from spleen CD11c+ and mPDCA+ dendritic cells responded directly to IFN-lambda. The antitumor activities of IFN-lambda against hepatoma, in combination with HCV and HBV antiviral activities warrant further investigation into the clinical use of IFN-lambda to prevent HCC in HCV/HBV-infected cirrhotic patients, as well as to treat liver cancer.

A randomized, controlled study of peginterferon lambda-1a/ribavirin ± daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3.

PubMed

Foster, Graham R; Chayama, Kazuaki; Chuang, Wan-Long; Fainboim, Hugo; Farkkila, Martti; Gadano, Adrian; Gaeta, Giovanni B; Hézode, Christophe; Inada, Yukiko; Heo, Jeong; Kumada, Hiromitsu; Lu, Sheng-Nan; Marcellin, Patrick; Moreno, Christophe; Roberts, Stuart K; Strasser, Simone I; Thompson, Alexander J; Toyota, Joji; Paik, Seung Woon; Vierling, John M; Zignego, Anna L; Cohen, David; McPhee, Fiona; Wind-Rotolo, Megan; Srinivasan, Subasree; Hruska, Matthew; Myler, Heather; Portsmouth, Simon D

2016-01-01

Peginterferon Lambda was being developed as an alternative to alfa interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We compared peginterferon Lambda-1a plus ribavirin (Lambda/RBV) and Lambda/RBV plus daclatasvir (DCV; pangenotypic NS5A inhibitor) with peginterferon alfa-2a plus RBV (alfa/RBV) in treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection. In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 randomized controlled trial, patients were assigned 2:2:1 to receive 24 weeks of Lambda/RBV, 12 weeks of Lambda/RBV + DCV, or 24 weeks of alfa/RBV. The primary outcome measure was sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12). Overall, 874 patients were treated: Lambda/RBV, n = 353; Lambda/RBV + DCV, n = 349; alfa/RBV, n = 172. Patients were 65 % white and 33 % Asian, 57 % male, with a mean age of 47 years; 52 % were infected with genotype 2 (6 % cirrhotic) and 48 % with genotype 3 (9 % cirrhotic). In the Lambda/RBV + DCV group, 83 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 78.5, 86.5) achieved SVR12 (90 % genotype 2, 75 % genotype 3) whereas SVR12 was achieved by 68 % (95 % CI 63.1, 72.9) with Lambda/RBV (72 % genotype 2, 64 % genotype 3) and 73 % (95 % CI 66.6, 79.9) with peginterferon alfa/RBV (74 % genotype 2, 73 % genotype 3). Lambda/RBV + DCV was associated with lower incidences of flu-like symptoms, hematological abnormalities, and discontinuations due to adverse events compared with alfa/RBV. The 12-week regimen of Lambda/RBV + DCV was superior to peginterferon alfa/RBV in the combined population of treatment-naive patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection, with an improved tolerability and safety profile compared with alfa/RBV.

Dynamic processes in Be star atmospheres. 2: He I 2P-nD line formation in lambda Eridani (outburst)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.; Hubeny, Ivan; Lanz, Thierry; Meylan, Thomas

1994-01-01

The He I lambda 6678 line of early Be stars generally shows violet (V) and red (R) emission whenever hydrogen alpha emission is present, but its use as a diagnostic has been handicapped by a poor understanding of the processes that drive it into emission. In an attempt to address this problem we obtained three series of eschelle spectra of the first two members of the singlet and triplet 2P-nD series of lambda Eri (B2e) during 1992 November 3-5 at Kitt Peak. During these observations lambda 6678 showed substantial emission variability in both the wings and central profile, providing an opportunity to compare its behavior with that of the lambda 4922, lambda 5876, and lambda 4471 lines. We found that the responses of the lines were different in several respects. Whereas the emissions in the V wings of all four lines scaled together, the R wing of the lambda 4922 line invariably responded with increased absorption whenever the R wing of lambda 6678 line showed increased emission. These same trends occurred within the central photospheric profiles. The R-wing behavior shows that much, but not all of the emission in lambda 6678 is caused by matter projected against the stellar disk. The excitation temperatures of the neighboring 2(sup 1) P transitions, lambda 6678 and lambda 4922 must be greater than and less than the photospheric continuum temperature, respectively. We have investigated departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for the He I spectrum in a variety of ad hoc, perturbed model atmospheres. We have found only one way to cause the source function of lambda 6678 to increase so strongly, namely, by increasing the atmospheric temperature in the line formation region to 30,000 - 40,000 K. This effect was discovered by Auer and Mihalas for O3-O4 atmospheric models, but it has not been applied to active B stars. Our models suggest that lambda 6678 emission in Be stars can be used as a sensitive monitor of localized hot spots on these stars' surfaces. The energies involved in heating the active portions of the atmosphere are too high to be produced by gravitational infall. This leaves magnetically induced flares among the few known processes on the surfaces of stars capable of sustaining this energy level.

Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase efficiently phosphorylates serine 15 of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Josephson, Matthew P.; Sikkink, Laura A.; Penheiter, Alan R.

2011-12-16

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (MYL2) is phosphorylated at S15. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) is a ubiquitous kinase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer It is a widely believed that MYL2 is a poor substrate for smMLCK. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In fact, smMLCK efficiently and rapidly phosphorylates S15 in MYL2. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phosphorylation kinetics measured by novel fluorescence method without radioactivity. -- Abstract: Specific phosphorylation of the human ventricular cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (MYL2) modifies the protein at S15. This modification affects MYL2 secondary structure and modulates the Ca{sup 2+} sensitivity of contraction in cardiac tissue. Smooth muscle myosin light chainmore » kinase (smMLCK) is a ubiquitous kinase prevalent in uterus and present in other contracting tissues including cardiac muscle. The recombinant 130 kDa (short) smMLCK phosphorylated S15 in MYL2 in vitro. Specific modification of S15 was verified using the direct detection of the phospho group on S15 with mass spectrometry. SmMLCK also specifically phosphorylated myosin regulatory light chain S15 in porcine ventricular myosin and chicken gizzard smooth muscle myosin (S20 in smooth muscle) but failed to phosphorylate the myosin regulatory light chain in rabbit skeletal myosin. Phosphorylation kinetics, measured using a novel fluorescence method eliminating the use of radioactive isotopes, indicates similar Michaelis-Menten V{sub max} and K{sub M} for regulatory light chain S15 phosphorylation rates in MYL2, porcine ventricular myosin, and chicken gizzard myosin. These data demonstrate that smMLCK is a specific and efficient kinase for the in vitro phosphorylation of MYL2, cardiac, and smooth muscle myosin. Whether smMLCK plays a role in cardiac muscle regulation or response to a disease causing stimulus is unclear but it should be considered a potentially significant kinase in cardiac tissue on the basis of its specificity, kinetics, and tissue expression.« less

Magnetic penetration depth of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) thin films determined by the power transmission method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heinen, Vernon O.; Miranda, Felix A.; Bhasin, Kul B.

1992-01-01

A power transmission measurement technique was used to determine the magnetic penetration depth (lambda) of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) superconducting thin films on LaAlO3 within the 26.5 to 40.0 GHz frequency range, and at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. Values of lambda ranging from 1100 to 2500 A were obtained at low temperatures. The anisotropy of lambda was determined from measurements of c-axis and a-axis oriented films. An estimate of the intrinsic value of lambda of 90 +/- 30 nm was obtained from the dependence of lambda on film thickness. The advantage of this technique is that it allows lambda to be determined nondestructively.

Measurement of the Branching Ratio Lambda_c+ -> p pi+ pi- (in Spanish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopez-Hinojosa, Guillermo; /San Luis Potosi U.

2008-03-01

The confirmation of the Cabibbo-suppressed charm baryon decay mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} is reported. All data analyzed are from SELEX, a fixed target experiment at Fermilab that took data during 1996 and 1997, mainly with a 600 GeV/c {Sigma}{sup -} beam. The branching ratio of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} relative to the Cabibbo-favored mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +} is measured to be: {Gamma}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/{Gamma}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +}) = 0.103 {+-} 0.022.

Compact sub-kilohertz low-frequency quantum light source based on four-wave mixing in cesium vapor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Rong; Liu, Wei; Qin, Zhongzhong; Su, Xiaolong; Jia, Xiaojun; Zhang, Junxiang; Gao, Jiangrui

2018-03-01

Using a nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on a double-{\\Lambda} scheme in hot cesium vapor, we demonstrate a compact diode-laser-pumped quantum light source for the generation of quantum correlated twin beams with a maximum squeezing of 6.5 dB. The squeezing is observed at a Fourier frequency in the audio band down to 0.7 kHz which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first observation of sub-kilohertz intensity-difference squeezing in an atomic system so far. A phase-matching condition is also investigated in our system, which confirms the spatial-multi-mode characteristics of the FWM process. Our compact low-frequency squeezed light source may find applications in quantum imaging, quantum metrology, and the transfer of optical squeezing onto a matter wave.

Neurofilament light chain and oligoclonal bands are prognostic biomarkers in radiologically isolated syndrome.

PubMed

Matute-Blanch, Clara; Villar, Luisa M; Álvarez-Cermeño, José C; Rejdak, Konrad; Evdoshenko, Evgeniy; Makshakov, Gleb; Nazarov, Vladimir; Lapin, Sergey; Midaglia, Luciana; Vidal-Jordana, Angela; Drulovic, Jelena; García-Merino, Antonio; Sánchez-López, Antonio J; Havrdova, Eva; Saiz, Albert; Llufriu, Sara; Alvarez-Lafuente, Roberto; Schroeder, Ina; Zettl, Uwe K; Galimberti, Daniela; Ramió-Torrentà, Lluís; Robles, René; Quintana, Ester; Hegen, Harald; Deisenhammer, Florian; Río, Jordi; Tintoré, Mar; Sánchez, Alex; Montalban, Xavier; Comabella, Manuel

2018-04-01

The prognostic role of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers determined in early pathogenic stages of multiple sclerosis has yet to be defined. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), neurofilament light chain, and oligoclonal bands for conversion to clinically isolated syndrome and to multiple sclerosis in 75 patients with radiologically isolated syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of CHI3L1 and neurofilament light chain were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models including as covariates age at diagnosis of radiologically isolated syndrome, number of brain lesions, sex and treatment were used to investigate associations between cerebrospinal fluid CHI3L1 and neurofilament light chain levels and time to conversion to clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Neurofilament light chain levels and oligoclonal bands were independent risk factors for the development of clinically isolated syndrome (hazard ratio = 1.02, P = 0.019, and hazard ratio = 14.7, P = 0.012, respectively) and multiple sclerosis (hazard ratio = 1.03, P = 0.003, and hazard ratio = 8.9, P = 0.046, respectively). The best cut-off to classify cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels into high and low was 619 ng/l, and high neurofilament light chain levels were associated with a trend to shorter time to clinically isolated syndrome (P = 0.079) and significant shorter time to multiple sclerosis (P = 0.017). Similarly, patients with radiologically isolated syndrome presenting positive oligoclonal bands converted faster to clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis (P = 0.005 and P = 0.008, respectively). The effects of high neurofilament light chain levels shortening time to clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis were more pronounced in radiologically isolated syndrome patients with ≥37 years compared to younger patients. Cerebrospinal fluid CHI3L1 levels did not influence conversion to clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis in radiologically isolated syndrome patients. Overall, these findings suggest that cerebrospinal neurofilament light chain levels and oligoclonal bands are independent predictors of clinical conversion in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome. The association with a faster development of multiple sclerosis reinforces the importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome.

Microscopic theory of light-induced deformation in amorphous side-chain azobenzene polymers.

PubMed

Toshchevikov, V; Saphiannikova, M; Heinrich, G

2009-04-16

We propose a microscopic theory of light-induced deformation of side-chain azobenzene polymers taking into account the internal structure of polymer chains. Our theory is based on the fact that interaction of chromophores with the polarized light leads to the orientation anisotropy of azobenzene macromolecules which is accompanied by the appearance of mechanical stress. It is the first microscopic theory which provides the value of the light-induced stress larger than the yield stress. This result explains a possibility for the inscription of surface relief gratings in glassy side-chain azobenzene polymers. For some chemical architectures, elongation of a sample demonstrates a nonmonotonic behavior with the light intensity and can change its sign (a stretched sample starts to be uniaxially compressed), in agreement with experiments. Using a viscoplastic approach, we show that the irreversible strain of a sample, which remains after the light is switched off, decreases with increasing temperature and can disappear at certain temperature below the glass transition temperature. This theoretical prediction is also confirmed by recent experiments.

Compositional and expression analyses of the glideosome during the Plasmodium life cycle reveal an additional myosin light chain required for maximum motility

PubMed Central

Green, Judith L.; Wall, Richard J.; Vahokoski, Juha; Yusuf, Noor A.; Ridzuan, Mohd A. Mohd; Stanway, Rebecca R.; Stock, Jessica; Knuepfer, Ellen; Brady, Declan; Martin, Stephen R.; Howell, Steven A.; Pires, Isa P.; Moon, Robert W.; Molloy, Justin E.; Kursula, Inari; Tewari, Rita

2017-01-01

Myosin A (MyoA) is a Class XIV myosin implicated in gliding motility and host cell and tissue invasion by malaria parasites. MyoA is part of a membrane-associated protein complex called the glideosome, which is essential for parasite motility and includes the MyoA light chain myosin tail domain–interacting protein (MTIP) and several glideosome-associated proteins (GAPs). However, most studies of MyoA have focused on single stages of the parasite life cycle. We examined MyoA expression throughout the Plasmodium berghei life cycle in both mammalian and insect hosts. In extracellular ookinetes, sporozoites, and merozoites, MyoA was located at the parasite periphery. In the sexual stages, zygote formation and initial ookinete differentiation precede MyoA synthesis and deposition, which occurred only in the developing protuberance. In developing intracellular asexual blood stages, MyoA was synthesized in mature schizonts and was located at the periphery of segmenting merozoites, where it remained throughout maturation, merozoite egress, and host cell invasion. Besides the known GAPs in the malaria parasite, the complex included GAP40, an additional myosin light chain designated essential light chain (ELC), and several other candidate components. This ELC bound the MyoA neck region adjacent to the MTIP-binding site, and both myosin light chains co-located to the glideosome. Co-expression of MyoA with its two light chains revealed that the presence of both light chains enhances MyoA-dependent actin motility. In conclusion, we have established a system to study the interplay and function of the three glideosome components, enabling the assessment of inhibitors that target this motor complex to block host cell invasion. PMID:28893907

Diagnostic reference range of κ/λ free light chain ratio to screen for Bence Jones proteinuria is not significantly influenced by GFR.

PubMed

Schmidt-Hieltjes, Yvonne; Elshof, Clemens; Roovers, Lian; Ruinemans-Koerts, Janneke

2016-05-01

The aim of our study was to analyse whether the κ/λ free light chain ratio reference range for screening for Bence Jones proteinuria should be dependent on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The serum κ/λ free light chain ratio, eGFR, serum M-protein and Bence Jones protein were measured in 544 patients for whom Bence Jones protein analysis was ordered. In the population of patients without Bence Jones proteinuria or a M-protein (n = 402), there is no gradual increase in κ/λ free light chain ratio with diminishing eGFR. The κ/λ free light chain ratio in this group was 0.56-1.86 (95% interval). With this diagnostic reference range of the κ/λ ratio, 105 of the 110 patients with Bence Jones protein could be identified correctly. Only five patients with Bence Jones proteinuria (<0.17 g/L) were missed, without diagnostic or therapeutic consequences. In 36 patients (6.6%), an abnormal κ/λ free light chain ratio was measured without the presence of Bence Jones proteinuria. A κ/λ free light chain ratio in serum can be used safely and efficiently to select urine samples which should be analysed for Bence Jones proteinuria with an electrophoresis/immunofixation technique. Using this diagnostic reference range, the number of urine samples which should be analysed by electrophoresis/immunofixation could be reduced by 74%. The diagnostic reference interval can be determined best in a group of patients for whom Bence Jones analysis is indicated. For calculation of this reference range, the eGFR value does not need to be taken into account. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Surface IgM λ light chain is involved in the binding and infection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) to DT40 cells.

PubMed

Chi, Jiaqi; You, Leiming; Li, Peipei; Teng, Man; Zhang, Gaiping; Luo, Jun; Wang, Aiping

2018-04-01

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important immunosuppressive virus in chickens. Surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM)-bearing B lymphocytes act as the major targets of IBDV in the bursa of Fabricius, and sIgM may function as one of the membrane binding sites responsible for IBDV infection. Recently, using the virus overlay protein binding assay, the chicken λ light chain of sIgM was identified to specifically interact with IBDV in a virulence-independent manner in vitro. To further investigate sIgM λ light chain-mediated IBDV binding and infection in pre-B cells, the cell line DT40, which is susceptible to both pathogenic and attenuated IBDV, was used. Based on the RNA interference strategy, the DT40 cell line whose λ light chain of sIgM was stably knocked down, herein termed DT40LKD, was generated by the genomic integration of a specific small hairpin RNA and a green fluorescence protein co-expression construct. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the binding of IBDV to DT40LKD cells was significantly reduced due to the loss of sIgM λ light chain. In particular, reduced viral replication was observed in IBDV-incubated DT40LKD cells, and no viral release into cell culture medium was detected by the IBDV rapid diagnostic strips. In addition, the rescue of sIgM λ light chain expression restored viral binding and replication in DT40LKD cells. These results show that sIgM λ light chain appears to be beneficial for IBDV attachment and infection, suggesting that sIgM acts as a binding site involved in IBDV infection.

Compositional and expression analyses of the glideosome during the Plasmodium life cycle reveal an additional myosin light chain required for maximum motility.

PubMed

Green, Judith L; Wall, Richard J; Vahokoski, Juha; Yusuf, Noor A; Ridzuan, Mohd A Mohd; Stanway, Rebecca R; Stock, Jessica; Knuepfer, Ellen; Brady, Declan; Martin, Stephen R; Howell, Steven A; Pires, Isa P; Moon, Robert W; Molloy, Justin E; Kursula, Inari; Tewari, Rita; Holder, Anthony A

2017-10-27

Myosin A (MyoA) is a Class XIV myosin implicated in gliding motility and host cell and tissue invasion by malaria parasites. MyoA is part of a membrane-associated protein complex called the glideosome, which is essential for parasite motility and includes the MyoA light chain myosin tail domain-interacting protein (MTIP) and several glideosome-associated proteins (GAPs). However, most studies of MyoA have focused on single stages of the parasite life cycle. We examined MyoA expression throughout the Plasmodium berghei life cycle in both mammalian and insect hosts. In extracellular ookinetes, sporozoites, and merozoites, MyoA was located at the parasite periphery. In the sexual stages, zygote formation and initial ookinete differentiation precede MyoA synthesis and deposition, which occurred only in the developing protuberance. In developing intracellular asexual blood stages, MyoA was synthesized in mature schizonts and was located at the periphery of segmenting merozoites, where it remained throughout maturation, merozoite egress, and host cell invasion. Besides the known GAPs in the malaria parasite, the complex included GAP40, an additional myosin light chain designated essential light chain (ELC), and several other candidate components. This ELC bound the MyoA neck region adjacent to the MTIP-binding site, and both myosin light chains co-located to the glideosome. Co-expression of MyoA with its two light chains revealed that the presence of both light chains enhances MyoA-dependent actin motility. In conclusion, we have established a system to study the interplay and function of the three glideosome components, enabling the assessment of inhibitors that target this motor complex to block host cell invasion. © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Treatment of Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Multiple Myeloma with Chemotherapy and Extended High Cut-Off Hemodialysis

PubMed Central

Hutchison, Colin A.; Bradwell, Arthur R.; Cook, Mark; Basnayake, Kolitha; Basu, Supratik; Harding, Stephen; Hattersley, John; Evans, Neil D.; Chappel, Mike J.; Sampson, Paul; Foggensteiner, Lukas; Adu, Dwomoa; Cockwell, Paul

2009-01-01

Background and objectives: Extended hemodialysis using a high cut-off dialyzer (HCO-HD) removes large quantities of free light chains in patients with multiple myeloma. However, the clinical utility of this method is uncertain. This study assessed the combination of chemotherapy and HCO-HD on serum free light chain concentrations and renal recovery in patients with myeloma kidney (cast nephropathy) and dialysis-dependent acute renal failure. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: An open-label study of the relationship between free light chain levels and clinical outcomes in 19 patients treated with standard chemotherapy regimens and HCO-HD. Results: There were sustained early reductions in serum free light chain concentrations (median 85% [range 50 to 97]) in 13 patients. These 13 patients became dialysis independent at a median of 27 d (range 13 to 120). Six patients had chemotherapy interrupted because of early infections and did not achieve sustained early free light chain reductions; one of these patients recovered renal function (at 105 d) the remaining 5 patients did not recover renal function. Patients who recovered renal function had a significantly improved survival (P < 0.012). Conclusion: In dialysis-dependent acute renal failure secondary to myeloma kidney, patients who received uninterrupted chemotherapy and extended HCO-HD had sustained reductions in serum free light chain concentrations and recovered independent renal function. PMID:19339414

CRITICAL DIFFERENCES AND CLUES IN ETA CAR'S 2009 EVENT ,

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mehner, Andrea; Davidson, Kris; Humphreys, Roberta M.

2011-10-20

We monitored Eta Carinae with the Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and Gemini GMOS throughout the 2009 spectroscopic event, which was expected to differ from its predecessor in 2003. Here we report major observed differences between events and their implications. Some of these results were quite unexpected. (1) The UV brightness minimum was much deeper in 2009. This suggests that physical conditions in the early stages of an event depend on different parameters than the 'normal' inter-event wind. Extra mass ejection from the primary star is one possible cause. (2) The expected He II {lambda}4687 brightness maximum was followed several weeksmore » later by another. We explain why this fact and the timing of the {lambda}4687 maxima strongly support a 'shock breakup' hypothesis for X-ray and {lambda}4687 behavior as proposed 5-10 years ago. (3) We observed a polar view of the star via light reflected by dust in the Homunculus nebula. Surprisingly, at that location, the variations of emission-line brightness and Doppler velocities closely resembled a direct view of the star, which should not have been true for any phenomena related to the orbit. This result casts very serious doubt on all the proposed velocity interpretations that depend on the secondary star's orbital motion. (4) Latitude-dependent variations of H I, He I, and Fe II features reveal aspects of wind behavior during the event. In addition, we discuss implications of the observations for several crucial unsolved problems.« less

Myosin conformational states determined by single fluorophore polarization

PubMed Central

Warshaw, David M.; Hayes, Eric; Gaffney, Donald; Lauzon, Anne-Marie; Wu, Junru; Kennedy, Guy; Trybus, Kathleen; Lowey, Susan; Berger, Christopher

1998-01-01

Muscle contraction is powered by the interaction of the molecular motor myosin with actin. With new techniques for single molecule manipulation and fluorescence detection, it is now possible to correlate, within the same molecule and in real time, conformational states and mechanical function of myosin. A spot-confocal microscope, capable of detecting single fluorophore polarization, was developed to measure orientational states in the smooth muscle myosin light chain domain during the process of motion generation. Fluorescently labeled turkey gizzard smooth muscle myosin was prepared by removal of endogenous regulatory light chain and re-addition of the light chain labeled at cysteine-108 with the 6-isomer of iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine (6-IATR). Single myosin molecule fluorescence polarization data, obtained in a motility assay, provide direct evidence that the myosin light chain domain adopts at least two orientational states during the cyclic interaction of myosin with actin, a randomly disordered state, most likely associated with myosin whereas weakly bound to actin, and an ordered state in which the light chain domain adopts a finite angular orientation whereas strongly bound after the powerstroke. PMID:9653135

Autofluorescence spectroscopy of oral mucosa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majumdar, S. K.; Uppal, A.; Gupta, P. K.

1998-06-01

We report the results of an in-vitro study on autofluorescence from pathologically characterized normal and malignant squamous tissues from the oral cavity. The study involved biopsy samples from 47 patients with oral cancer of which 11 patients had cancer of tongue, 17 of buccal mucosa and 19 of alveolus. The results of excitation and emission spectroscopy at several wavelengths (280 nm less than or equal to (lambda) exless than or equal to 460 nm; 340 nm less than or equal to (lambda) em less than or equal to 520 nm) showed that at (lambda) ex equals 337 nm and 400 nm the mean value for the spectrally integrated fluorescence intensity [(Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) )] from the normal tissue sites was about a factor of 2 larger than that from the malignant tissue sites. At other excitation wavelengths the difference in (Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) ) was not statistically significant. Similarly, for (lambda) em equals 390 nm and 460 nm, the intensity of the 340 nm band of the excitation spectra from normal tissues was observed to be a factor of 2 larger than that from malignant tissues. Analysis of these results suggests that NADH concentration is higher in normal oral tissues compared to the malignant. This contrasts with our earlier observation of an reduced NADH concentration in normal sites of breast tissues vis a vis malignant sites. For the 337 nm excited emission spectra a 10-variable MVLR score (using (Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) ) and normalized intensities at nine wavelengths as input parameters) provided a sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 93.1% over the sample size investigated.

Biological trait analysis and stability of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

PubMed

Abbas, Naeem; Shah, Rizwan Mustafa; Shad, Sarfraz Ali; Iqbal, Naeem; Razaq, Muhammad

2016-05-01

House flies, Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae), are pests of poultry and have the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. To design a strategy for resistance management, life history traits based on laboratory observations were established for lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant, susceptible and reciprocal crosses of M. domestica strains. Bioassay results showed that the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain developed a resistance ratio of 98.34 compared to its susceptible strain. The lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain had a relative fitness of 0.26 and lower fecundity, hatchability, lower number of next generation larvae, and net reproductive rate compared with its susceptible strain. Mean population growth rates, such as intrinsic rate of population increase, and biotic potential were lower for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain compared to its susceptible strain. Resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb, and abamectin was unstable while resistance to bifenthrin and methomyl was stable in the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain of M. domestica. Development of resistance can cost considerable fitness for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain. The present study provided useful information for making potential management strategies to delay resistance development in M. domestica.

Depolymerized products of lambda-carrageenan as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.

PubMed

Chen, Haimin; Yan, Xiaojun; Lin, Jing; Wang, Feng; Xu, Weifeng

2007-08-22

Since angiogenesis is involved in initiating and promoting several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular events, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis of low-molecular-weight (LMW), highly sulfated lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (lambda-CO) obtained by carrageenan depolymerization, by CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Significant inhibition of vessel growth was observed at 200 microg/pellet. A histochemistry assay also revealed a decrease of capillary plexus and connective tissue in lambda-CO treated samples. lambda-CO inhibited the viability of cells at the high concentration of 1 mg/mL, whereas it affected the cell survival slightly (>95%) at a low concentration (<250 microg/mL), and HUVEC is the most sensitive to lambda-CO among three kinds of cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of lambda-CO was also observed in the endothelial cell invasion and migration at relatively low concentration (150-300 microg/mL), through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that lambda-CO is a potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration, and proliferation.

Oxidative and apoptotic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonyl butoxide in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus.

PubMed

Piner, Petek; Uner, Nevin

2012-05-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin in the presence of piperonyl butoxide as a modulator in the liver of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. LC(50) (96h) value of lambda-cyhalothrin was determined as 2.901μg/L for O. niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.48μg/L (1/6 of the 96-h LC(50)) lambda-cyhalothrin and 10μg/L piperonyl butoxide for 96-h and 15-d. tGSH, GSH, GSSG, Hsp70 and TBARS contents, GPx, GR, GST and caspase-3 enzymes activities were determined. Lambda-cyhalothrin caused increases in tGSH, GSH, TBARS contents, and GST activity. Piperonyl butoxide treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin caused significant increases in tGSH GSH, Hsp70, TBARS contents, and GPx and GST activities while caspase-3 activity was decreased. The results of the present study revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress which upregulated GSH and GSH-related enzymes. Piperonyl butoxide increased the oxidative stress potential and apoptotic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Malignant melanoma with a rhabdoid phenotype: histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a case and review of the literature.

PubMed

Abbott, Jared J; Amirkhan, Robin H; Hoang, Mai P

2004-06-01

Malignant melanoma is known to display tremendous histologic diversity. One rare variant is the rhabdoid phenotype, so called because of the appearance of cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts seen in malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney. We present the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a malignant melanoma composed entirely of rhabdoid cells. A 62-year-old man presented with a 6.5-cm lung mass. Although presumed to be a metastatic lesion, extensive workup failed to reveal a primary tumor site. Histologic sections showed a mass composed entirely of polygonal neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli and large hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive with S100 protein, vimentin, and CD56, and were focally reactive with Mart-1. Tumor cells were negative for Melan-A, tyrosinase, HMB-45, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8/ 18, CK20, CK903, CAM 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin, leukocyte common antigen, Bcl-2, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD138, kappa and lambda light chains, CD68, CD34, factor VIII, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments containing entrapped rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid. Recognition of this rare variant of malignant melanoma is important in the evaluation of tumors with rhabdoid morphology.

Paraneoplastic scleroderma-like tissue reactions in the setting of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia: a report of 10 cases.

PubMed

Magro, Cynthia M; Iwenofu, Hans; Nuovo, Gerard J

2013-07-01

Systemic plasma cell dyscrasias have diverse manifestations in the skin and include an inflammatory paraneoplastic process. We encountered cases of scleroderma and eosinophilic fasciitis in the setting of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Ten cases of scleroderma-like tissue reactions in the setting of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia were encountered. The biopsies were stained for Transforming growth factor (Transforming growth factor) beta, IgG4, kappa, and lambda. Patients presented with a sclerodermoid reaction represented by eosinophilic fasciitis (5 cases), morphea (3 cases), and systemic scleroderma (2 cases). The mean age of presentation was 70 years with a striking female predominance (4:1). Acral accentuation was noted in 8 cases. In 6 of the cases, the cutaneous sclerosis antedated (4 cases) by weeks to 2 years or occurred concurrently (2 cases) with the initial diagnosis of the plasma cell. The biopsies showed changes typical of eosinophilic fasciitis and/or scleroderma. In 5 cases, light chain-restricted plasma cells were present on the biopsy. There was staining of the plasma cells for Transforming growth factor beta in 3 out of 5 cases tested. In any older patient presenting with a sudden onset of eosinophilic fasciitis or scleroderma especially with acral accentuation, investigations should be conducted in regards to an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia.

Oligoclonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements in blood lymphocytes of patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis.

PubMed Central

Strickler, J G; Movahed, L A; Gajl-Peczalska, K J; Horwitz, C A; Brunning, R D; Weiss, L M

1990-01-01

Gene rearrangement studies were performed on blood lymphocytes from eight patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis. The diagnosis in each case was based on characteristic clinical, hematologic, and serologic findings. The blood lymphocytes in each patient consisted predominantly of CD8+ T cells. EBV DNA was detected in seven patients by Southern blot analysis (EBV Bam HI W probe, Bam HI). A germline configuration was found for the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes (JH probe, Bam HI and Eco RI; C kappa probe, Bam HI; and C lambda probe, Eco RI). T cell receptor gene rearrangements were detected with J gamma and J beta 1 + 2 probes. Using a J gamma probe with two different restriction enzymes (Bgl II and Eco RI), the blood from each patient showed several bands corresponding to the polyclonal pattern previously described in the blood of normal individuals. Using J beta 1 + 2 probes with two different restriction enzymes (Bgl II and Bam HI), each case showed from 3 to about 12 extragermline bands of varying intensity and in different locations from case to case. In addition, each case showed relative deletion of the J beta 1 germline band. This oligoclonal pattern of T cell receptor gene rearrangements has not been previously reported in benign or malignant T cell populations. Images PMID:2170451

IUE and Einstein observations of the LINER galaxy NGC 4579

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reichert, G. A.; Puchnarewicz, E. M.; Mason, K. O.

1990-01-01

Results of International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and Einstein observations of the LINER galaxy NGC 4579 are reported. Spatial profiles of the long wavelength IUE emission show a two component structure, with an unresolved core superimposed on broader underlying emission. The core spectrum shows strong C II lambda 2326 and broad Mg II lambda 2800 emission, and perhaps emission due to blends of Fe II multiplets (2300 to 23600 angstrom). The short wavelength emission is spatially unresolved, and shows C II lambda 1335, C III lambda 1909 broad C IV lambda 1550 emission, and a broad feature at approximately 1360 angstrom which may be due to 0.1 lambda 1356. Contrary to previous reports no evidence for He II lambda 1640 is found in the spectrum. An unresolved x ray source is detected at the location of the nucleus; its spectrum is well fitted by a power law of energy slope alpha approximately -0.5. These results further support the idea that NGC 4579 may contain a dwarf Seyfert nucleus.

Segregated tandem filter for enhanced conversion efficiency in a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system

DOEpatents

Brown, Edward J.; Baldasaro, Paul F.; Dziendziel, Randolph J.

1997-01-01

A filter system to transmit short wavelength radiation and reflect long wavelength radiation for a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion cell comprises an optically transparent substrate segregation layer with at least one coherent wavelength in optical thickness; a dielectric interference filter deposited on one side of the substrate segregation layer, the interference filter being disposed toward the source of radiation, the interference filter including a plurality of alternating layers of high and low optical index materials adapted to change from transmitting to reflecting at a nominal wavelength .lambda..sub.IF approximately equal to the bandgap wavelength .lambda..sub.g of the thermophotovoltaic cell, the interference filter being adapted to transmit incident radiation from about 0.5.lambda..sub.IF to .lambda..sub.IF and reflect from .lambda..sub.IF to about 2.lambda..sub.IF ; and a high mobility plasma filter deposited on the opposite side of the substrate segregation layer, the plasma filter being adapted to start to become reflecting at a wavelength of about 1.5.lambda..sub.IF.

[In vitro anti-angiogenic action of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides].

PubMed

Chen, Hai-Min; Yan, Xiao-Jun; Wang, Feng; Lin, Jing; Xu, Wei-Feng

2007-06-01

This study was designed to evaluate the inhibition effect of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on neovascularization in vitro by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC). lambda-Carrageenan oligosaccharides caused a dose-dependent decrease of the vascular density of CAM, and adversely affected capillary plexus formation. At a high concentration of 1 mg x mL(-1), this compound inhibited the endothelial cell proliferation, while low concentration of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (< 250 microg x mL(-1)) affected the cell survival slightly (> 95%). Different cytotoxic sensitivity of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides in three kinds of cells was observed, of which HUVEC is the most sensitive to this oligosaccharides. The inhibitory action of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on the endothelial cell invasion and migration was also observed at relatively low concentration (150 - 300 microg x mL(-1)) through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Current observations demonstrated that lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides are potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration and proliferation.

Effect of atmospheric extinction on laser rangefinder performance at 1.54 and 0.6 microns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutt, D. L.; Theriault, J.-M.; Larochelle, V.; Bonnier, D.

1992-01-01

Extinction of laser rangefinder (LRF) pulses by the atmosphere depends on the wavelength, weather conditions, and aerosol concentration along the optical path. In the IR, extinction is due to absorption by molecular constituents and scattering and absorption by aerosols. The total atmospheric extinction alpha(lambda) is the sum of the molecular and aerosol contributions, alpha(sub m)(lambda)and Alpha(sub a)(lambda). We present simple expressions for alpha(sub m)(lambda) and alpha(sub a)(lambda) for two LRF sources: Er:glass and CO2 which operate at 1.54 and 10.6 microns, respectively. The expressions are based on accepted models of atmospheric aerosols and molecular extinction and give an estimate of alpha(lambda) as a function of standard meteorological parameters, assuming horizontal beam propagation. Signal-to-noise ratios of LRF returns, measured from a reference target under different weather conditions are compared to predictions based on the estimate of alpha(lambda).

On Spectral Invariance of Single Scattering Albedo for Water Droplets and Ice Crystals at Weakly Absorbing Wavelengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Chiu, J. Christine; Wiscombe, Warren J.

2012-01-01

The single scattering albedo omega(sub O lambda) in atmospheric radiative transfer is the ratio of the scattering coefficient to the extinction coefficient. For cloud water droplets both the scattering and absorption coefficients, thus the single scattering albedo, are functions of wavelength lambda and droplet size r. This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio omega(sub O lambda)(r)/omega(sub O lambda)(r (sub O)) of two single scattering albedo spectra is a linear function of omega(sub O lambda)(r). The slope and intercept of the linear function are wavelength independent and sum to unity. This relationship allows for a representation of any single scattering albedo spectrum omega(sub O lambda)(r) via one known spectrum omega(sub O lambda)(r (sub O)). We provide a simple physical explanation of the discovered relationship. Similar linear relationships were found for the single scattering albedo spectra of non-spherical ice crystals.

Duality symmetry and power-law fading of frustration in a quantum multiconnected superconductor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, S.N.; Ralston, J.P.

1991-03-01

We generalize the Alexander--de Gennes equations to a new system of superconducting-wire networks, allowing for variation of the cross-sectional area of wires. The generalized equations are solved for a square lattice of different cross-sectional-area ratios {lambda} in the {ital x} and {ital y} directions. A symmetry of {lambda}{r arrow}1/{lambda} is related to the Aubry-Andre duality and an obvious geometric property. We find that even a slight geometric asymmetry can soften the fine structure of the magnetic phase boundary considerably. We obtain a power-law dependence on the parameter {lambda} as {lambda}{r arrow}{infinity} and {lambda}{r arrow}0. For a finite-area ratio {lambda}, wemore » speculate that a simple analytic fit incorporating the dual symmetry is close to the exact nonperturbative behavior. The system is also related analytically to a recent study of Hu and Chen, which revealed a power-law behavior for a rectangular lattice.« less

Further improvements of a new model for turbulent convection in stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canuto, V. M.; Mazzitelli, I.

1992-01-01

The effects of including a variable molecular weight and of using the newest opacities of Rogers and Iglesias (1991) as inputs to a recent model by Canuto and Mazzitelli (1991) for stellar turbulent convection are studied. Solar evolutionary tracks are used to conclude that the the original model for turbulence with mixing length Lambda = z, Giuli's variable Q unequal to 1 and the new opacities yields a fit to solar T(eff) within 0.5 percent. A formulation of Lambda is proposed that extends the purely nonlocal Lambda = z expression to include local effects. A new expression for Lambda is obtained which generalizes both the mixing length theory (MLT) phenomenological expression for Lambda as well as the model Lambda = z. It is argued that the MLT should now be abandoned.

System Size and Energy Dependence on Strangeness Production in 22 GeV Cu+Cu Collisions at RHIC

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-10

relativistic speeds approaching the speed of light before they meet in an extremely high temperature collision. The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR...extremely high energy and temperature. This project determines the yield of strange quarks through measurements of K0-short mesons as well as Lambda and Anti...charge. These quarks are never observed alone, but are observable in the form of baryons (3 quarks) or mesons (a quark-anti-quark pair). The

Near-infrared scintillation of liquid argon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alexander, T.; Escobar, C. O.; Lippincott, W. H.

2016-03-03

Since the 1970s it has been known that noble gases scintillate in the near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (0.7more » $$\\mu$$m < $$\\lambda$$; < 1.5$$\\mu$$m). More controversial has been the question of the NIR light yield for condensed noble gases. We first present the motivation for using the NIR scintillation in liquid argon detectors, then briefly review early as well as more recent efforts and finally show encouraging preliminary results of a test performed at Fermilab.« less

Sensitized photooxidation of phenols by fulvic acid and in natural waters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faust, B.C.; Hoigne, J.

1987-10-01

In addition to singlet oxygen, irradiation of fulvic acid solutions and lake water with UV and visible light (lambda > 315 nm) produces another transient oxidant species. This transient oxidant (probably an organic peroxy radical) is derived from natural dissolved organic material (DOM) and controls DOM-sensitized photooxidations of various alkylphenols. On the basis of kinetic data for the transient oxidant, DOM-sensitized photooxidation half-lives of alkylphenols are estimated to range from 1 day to several months in middle-latitude shallow surface waters.

Total enantioselectivity in the DNA binding of the dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [[Ru(Me2bpy)2]2(mu-bpm)]4+ [bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine].

PubMed

Smith, Jayden A; Collins, J Grant; Patterson, Bradley T; Keene, F Richard

2004-05-07

The binding of the three stereoisomers (DeltaDelta-, LambdaLambda- and DeltaLambda-) of the dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [[Ru(Me2bpy)2]2(mu-bpm)]4+ [Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine] to a tridecanucleotide containing a single adenine bulge has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The addition of the DeltaDelta-isomer to d(CCGAGAATTCCGG)2 induced significant chemical shift changes for the base and sugar resonances of the residues at the bulge site (G3A4G5/C11C10), whereas small shifts were observed upon addition of the enantiomeric LambdaLambda-form. NOESY spectra of the tridecanucleotide bound with the DeltaDelta-isomer revealed intermolecular NOE's between the metal complex and the nucleotide residues at the bulge site, while only weak NOE's were observed to terminal residues to the LambdaLambda-form. Competitive binding studies were performed where both enantiomers were simultaneously added to the tridecanucleotide, and for all ratios of the two stereoisomers the DeltaDelta-isomer remained selectively bound at the bulge site with the LambdaLambda-enantiomer localised at the terminal regions of the tridecanucleotide. The meso-diastereoisomer (DeltaLambda) was found to bind to the tridecanucleotide with characteristics intermediate between the DeltaDelta- and LambdaLambda-enantiomers of the rac form. Two distinct sets of metal complex resonances were observed, with one set having essentially the same shift as the free metal complex, whilst the other set of resonances exhibited significant shifts. The NOE data indicated that the meso-diastereoisomer does not bind as selectively as the DeltaDelta-isomer, with NOE's observed to a greater number of nucleotide residues compared to the DeltaDelta-form. This study provides a rare example of total enantioselectivity in the binding of an inert transition metal complex to DNA, produced by the shape recognition of both ruthenium(II) centres.

Myosin content of individual human muscle fibers isolated by laser capture microdissection.

PubMed

Stuart, Charles A; Stone, William L; Howell, Mary E A; Brannon, Marianne F; Hall, H Kenton; Gibson, Andrew L; Stone, Michael H

2016-03-01

Muscle fiber composition correlates with insulin resistance, and exercise training can increase slow-twitch (type I) fibers and, thereby, mitigate diabetes risk. Human skeletal muscle is made up of three distinct fiber types, but muscle contains many more isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains, which are coded by 15 and 11 different genes, respectively. Laser capture microdissection techniques allow assessment of mRNA and protein content in individual fibers. We found that specific human fiber types contain different mixtures of myosin heavy and light chains. Fast-twitch (type IIx) fibers consistently contained myosin heavy chains 1, 2, and 4 and myosin light chain 1. Type I fibers always contained myosin heavy chains 6 and 7 (MYH6 and MYH7) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), whereas MYH6, MYH7, and MYL3 were nearly absent from type IIx fibers. In contrast to cardiomyocytes, where MYH6 (also known as α-myosin heavy chain) is seen solely in fast-twitch cells, only slow-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle contained MYH6. Classical fast myosin heavy chains (MHC1, MHC2, and MHC4) were present in variable proportions in all fiber types, but significant MYH6 and MYH7 expression indicated slow-twitch phenotype, and the absence of these two isoforms determined a fast-twitch phenotype. The mixed myosin heavy and light chain content of type IIa fibers was consistent with its role as a transition between fast and slow phenotypes. These new observations suggest that the presence or absence of MYH6 and MYH7 proteins dictates the slow- or fast-twitch phenotype in skeletal muscle. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Myosin content of individual human muscle fibers isolated by laser capture microdissection

PubMed Central

Stone, William L.; Howell, Mary E. A.; Brannon, Marianne F.; Hall, H. Kenton; Gibson, Andrew L.; Stone, Michael H.

2015-01-01

Muscle fiber composition correlates with insulin resistance, and exercise training can increase slow-twitch (type I) fibers and, thereby, mitigate diabetes risk. Human skeletal muscle is made up of three distinct fiber types, but muscle contains many more isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains, which are coded by 15 and 11 different genes, respectively. Laser capture microdissection techniques allow assessment of mRNA and protein content in individual fibers. We found that specific human fiber types contain different mixtures of myosin heavy and light chains. Fast-twitch (type IIx) fibers consistently contained myosin heavy chains 1, 2, and 4 and myosin light chain 1. Type I fibers always contained myosin heavy chains 6 and 7 (MYH6 and MYH7) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), whereas MYH6, MYH7, and MYL3 were nearly absent from type IIx fibers. In contrast to cardiomyocytes, where MYH6 (also known as α-myosin heavy chain) is seen solely in fast-twitch cells, only slow-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle contained MYH6. Classical fast myosin heavy chains (MHC1, MHC2, and MHC4) were present in variable proportions in all fiber types, but significant MYH6 and MYH7 expression indicated slow-twitch phenotype, and the absence of these two isoforms determined a fast-twitch phenotype. The mixed myosin heavy and light chain content of type IIa fibers was consistent with its role as a transition between fast and slow phenotypes. These new observations suggest that the presence or absence of MYH6 and MYH7 proteins dictates the slow- or fast-twitch phenotype in skeletal muscle. PMID:26676053

FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL IMAGES OF THE VELA SUPERNOVA REMNANT: SUPPLEMENTS AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER WAVELENGTH IMAGES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Il-Joong; Seon, Kwang-Il; Han, Wonyong

We present the improved far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission-line images of the entire Vela supernova remnant (SNR) using newly processed Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation/Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (SPEAR/FIMS) data. The incomplete C III {lambda}977 and O VI {lambda}{lambda}1032, 1038 images presented in the previous study are updated to cover the whole region. The C IV {lambda}{lambda}1548, 1551 image with a higher resolution and new images at Si IV {lambda}{lambda}1394, 1403, O IV] {lambda}1404, He II {lambda}1640.5, and O III] {lambda}{lambda}1661, 1666 are also shown. Comparison of emission-line ratios for two enhanced FUV regions reveals that the FUV emissions of themore » east-enhanced FUV region may be affected by nonradiative shocks of another very young SNR, the Vela Jr. SNR (RX J0852.0-4622, G266.6-1.2). This result is the first FUV detection that is likely associated with the Vela Jr. SNR, supporting previous arguments that the Vela Jr. SNR is close to us. The comparison of the improved FUV images with soft X-ray images shows that an FUV filamentary feature forms the boundary of the northeast-southwest asymmetrical sections of the X-ray shell. The southwest FUV features are characterized as the region where the Vela SNR is interacting with slightly denser ambient medium within the dim X-ray southwest section. From a comparison with the H{alpha} image, we identify a ring-like H{alpha} feature overlapped with an extended hot X-ray feature of similar size and two local peaks of C IV emission. Their morphologies are expected when the H{alpha} ring is in direct contact with the near or far side of the Vela SNR.« less

Limits on the Decay-Rate Difference of Neutral-B Mesons and on CP, T, and CPT Violation in B0-antiB0 Oscillations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aubert, B

2004-02-29

Using events in which one of two neutral-B mesons from the decay of an {Upsilon}(4S) resonance is fully reconstructed, we set limits on the difference between the decay rates of the two neutral-B mass eigenstates and on CP, T, and CPT violation in B{sup 0}{bar B}{sup 0} mixing. The reconstructed decays, comprising both CP and flavor eigenstates, are obtained from 88 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We determine six independent parameters governing oscillations ({Delta}m, {Delta}{Lambda}/{Lambda}), CPT and CP violation (Re z, Im z), and CP andmore » T violation (Im {lambda}{sub CP}, |q/p|), where {lambda}{sub cp} characterizes B{sup 0} and {bar B}{sup 0} decays to states of charmonium plus K{sub S}{sup 0} or K{sub L}{sup 0}. The results are sgn(Re {lambda}{sub CP}){Delta}{Lambda}/{Lambda} = .0.008 {+-} 0.037(stat.) {+-} 0.018(syst.) [-0.084, 0.068], |q/p| = 1.029 {+-} 0.013(stat.) {+-} 0.011(syst.) [1.001, 1.057], (Re {lambda}{sub CP}/|{lambda}{sub CP}|)Re z = 0.014 {+-} 0.035(stat.) {+-} 0.034(syst.) [-0.072, 0.101], Imz = 0.038 {+-} 0.029(stat.) {+-} 0.025(syst.) [-0.028, 0.104]. The values inside square brackets indicate the 90% confidence-level intervals. The values of Im {lambda}{sub CP} and {Delta}m are consistent with previous analyses and are used as cross-checks. These measurements are in agreement with Standard Model expectations.« less

Light, nutrients, and food-chain length constrain planktonic energy transfer efficiency across multiple trophic levels

PubMed Central

Dickman, Elizabeth M.; Newell, Jennifer M.; González, María J.; Vanni, Michael J.

2008-01-01

The efficiency of energy transfer through food chains [food chain efficiency (FCE)] is an important ecosystem function. It has been hypothesized that FCE across multiple trophic levels is constrained by the efficiency at which herbivores use plant energy, which depends on plant nutritional quality. Furthermore, the number of trophic levels may also constrain FCE, because herbivores are less efficient in using plant production when they are constrained by carnivores. These hypotheses have not been tested experimentally in food chains with 3 or more trophic levels. In a field experiment manipulating light, nutrients, and food-chain length, we show that FCE is constrained by algal food quality and food-chain length. FCE across 3 trophic levels (phytoplankton to carnivorous fish) was highest under low light and high nutrients, where algal quality was best as indicated by taxonomic composition and nutrient stoichiometry. In 3-level systems, FCE was constrained by the efficiency at which both herbivores and carnivores converted food into production; a strong nutrient effect on carnivore efficiency suggests a carryover effect of algal quality across 3 trophic levels. Energy transfer efficiency from algae to herbivores was also higher in 2-level systems (without carnivores) than in 3-level systems. Our results support the hypothesis that FCE is strongly constrained by light, nutrients, and food-chain length and suggest that carryover effects across multiple trophic levels are important. Because many environmental perturbations affect light, nutrients, and food-chain length, and many ecological services are mediated by FCE, it will be important to apply these findings to various ecosystem types. PMID:19011082

Simple model for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bronikowski, Michael J.; Zare, Richard N.

1990-01-01

A simple geometric model is presented to account for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions A + BC - AB + C. It applies to reactions in which AB is formed in a pi state, and in which the unpaired molecular orbital responsible for lambda-doubling arises from breaking the B-C bond. The lambda-doublet population ratio is predicted to be 2:1 provided that: (1) the motion of A in the transition state determines the plane of rotation of AB; (2) the unpaired pi orbital lying initially along the B-C bond may be resolved into a projection onto the AB plane of rotation and a projection perpendicular to this plane; (3) there is no preferred geometry for dissociation of ABC. The 2:1 lambda-doublet ratio is the 'unconstrained dynamics prior' lambda-doublet distribution for such reactions.

Effective screening length of isotropic liquid samples submitted to an applied voltage.

PubMed

Zola, R S; Evangelista, L R; Barbero, G

2006-05-25

A cell of isotropic liquid in the shape of a slab of thickness d and containing ionic impurities is considered. It is shown that the screening effect produced by the ionic charges on the external field is characterized by an effective surface length, lambda(S)(U), depending on the applied voltage U. The analysis indicates that lambda(S)(U)) < lambda(D) when the applied voltage is very large, and lambda(S)(U) --> lambda(D) for very small values of the applied voltage, where lambda(D) is the Debye screening length. The presence of the ions is responsible also for a counterpotential, v, that for small U is such to cancel the effective electric field in the sample, whereas in the opposite limit it is inversely proportional to the applied difference of potential.

The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Nathan; LAMBDA

2018-01-01

The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) provides CMB researchers with archival data for cosmology missions, software tools, and links to other sites of interest. LAMBDA is one-stop shopping for CMB researchers. It hosts data from WMAP along with many suborbital experiments. Over the past year, LAMBDA has acquired new data from SPTpol, SPIDER and ACTPol. In addition to the primary CMB, LAMBDA also provides foreground data.LAMBDA has several ongoing efforts to provide tools for CMB researchers. These tools include a web interface for CAMB and a web interface for a CMB survey footprint database and plotting tool. Additionally, we have recently developed a Docker container with standard CMB analysis tools and demonstrations in the form of Jupyter notebooks. These containers will be publically available through Docker's container repository and the source will be available on github.

Interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis.

PubMed

Selvaggi, Carla; Pierangeli, Alessandra; Fabiani, Marco; Spano, Lucia; Nicolai, Ambra; Papoff, Paola; Moretti, Corrado; Midulla, Fabio; Antonelli, Guido; Scagnolari, Carolina

2014-05-01

The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. As an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of IFN lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), such as mixovirus resistance A (MxA) and ISG56. The analysis was undertaken in 118 infants with RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal washes were collected for virological studies and molecular analysis of type III IFN responses. RSV elicited higher levels of IFN lambda subtypes when compared with HRV. A similar expression of type III IFN was found in RSVA or RSVB infected infants and in those infected with HRVA or HRVC viruses. Results also indicate that IFN lambda 1 and IFN lambda 2-3 levels were correlated with each other and with MxA and ISG56-mRNAs. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the IFN lambda1 levels and the clinical score index during RSV infection. In particular, higher IFN lambda 1 levels are associated to an increase of respiratory rate. These findings show that differences in the IFN lambda 1-3 levels in infants with RSV or HRV infections are present and that the expression of IFN lambda 1 correlates with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis. Copyright © 2014 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low-Power Light Guiding and Localization in Optoplasmonic Chains Obtained by Directed Self-Assembly

PubMed Central

Ahn, Wonmi; Zhao, Xin; Hong, Yan; Reinhard, Björn M.

2016-01-01

Optoplasmonic structures contain plasmonic components embedded in a defined photonic environment to create synergistic interactions between photonic and plasmonic components. Here, we show that chains of optical microspheres containing gold nanoparticles in their evanescent field combine the light guiding properties of a microsphere chain with the light localizing properties of a plasmonic nanoantenna. We implement these materials through template guided self-assembly and investigate their fundamental electromagnetic working principles through combination of electromagnetic simulations and experimental characterization. We demonstrate that optoplasmonic chains implemented by directed self-assembly achieve a significant reduction in guiding losses when compared with conventional plasmonic waveguides and, at the same time, retain the light localizing properties of plasmonic antennas at pre-defined locations. The results reinforce the potential of optoplasmonic structures for realizing low-loss optical interconnects with high bandwidth. PMID:26931149

Minimum requirements for inhibition of smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase by synthetic peptides.

PubMed Central

Hunt, J T; Floyd, D M; Lee, V G; Little, D K; Moreland, S

1989-01-01

Although the amino acid residues that are important for peptide substrates of myosin light-chain kinase have been reported, those that are important for peptide inhibitors of this enzyme have not previously been investigated. Synthetic peptides based on the sequence Lys11-Lys12-Arg13-Ala-Ala-Arg16-Ala-Thr-Ser19 -Asn-Val21-Phe22-Ala of the chicken gizzard myosin light chain were tested as inhibitors of pig carotid-artery myosin light-chain kinase. The basic amino acid residues of the known myosin light-chain kinase inhibitor Lys-Lys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Thr-Ser-NH2 (IC50 = 14 microM) [Pearson, Misconi & Kemp (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 25-27] were shown to be the important residues that contribute to inhibitor potency, as evidence by the finding that the hexapeptide Lys-Lys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-NH2 had an IC50 value of 22 microM. This indicates that binding of the phosphorylatable serine residue to myosin light-chain kinase, which is of obvious importance for a substrate, does not enhance the potency of an inhibitor. With the aim of preparing more potent inhibitors, peptides Lys-Lys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Xaa-NH2 were prepared with a variety of amino acids substituted for the phosphorylatable serine residue. None of these peptides was a more potent inhibitor than the serine peptide. PMID:2920029

Classical r matrix of the su(2 vertical bar 2) super Yang-Mills spin chain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Torrielli, Alessandro

2007-05-15

In this note we straightforwardly derive and make use of the quantum R matrix for the su(2 vertical bar 2) super Yang-Mills spin chain in the manifest su(1 vertical bar 2)-invariant formulation, which solves the standard quantum Yang-Baxter equation, in order to obtain the correspondent (undressed) classical r matrix from the first order expansion in the 'deformation' parameter 2{pi}/{radical}({lambda}) and check that this last solves the standard classical Yang-Baxter equation. We analyze its bialgebra structure, its dependence on the spectral parameters, and its pole structure. We notice that it still preserves an su(1 vertical bar 2) subalgebra, thereby admitting anmore » expression in terms of a combination of projectors, which spans only a subspace of su(1 vertical bar 2)xsu(1 vertical bar 2). We study the residue at its simple pole at the origin and comment on the applicability of the classical Belavin-Drinfeld type of analysis.« less

Risk assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin on aquatic organisms in paddy field in China.

PubMed

Gu, Bao G; Wang, Hui M; Chen, William L; Cai, Dao J; Shan, Zheng J

2007-06-01

This study was carried out to assess the risk of lambda-cyhalothrin to aquatic organisms used in paddy field, and to provide assistance in the ecological risk management of lambda-cyhalothrin. The acute toxicities of five individual formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin to four aquatic species were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in a simulated paddy field-pond ecosystem, and the results implicated that lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to fish, and to a greater extent to shrimp. There were differences in the toxicities to each aquatic organisms among different formulations. lambda-Cyhalothrin degraded rapidly in the environment, with half-lives of different formulations in paddy field water (0.23-0.53 days), pond water (0.38-0.63 days), and paddy field soil (0.96-7.35 days), respectively. The water overflow from the paddy field following a simulated rainstorm 12h after application of lambda-cyhalothrin did not cause injury to fish, clam or crab, but was severely hazardous to shrimp. Additionally, no injury to shrimp was found when simulated overflow occurred 4 days after application. These results suggest that the environmental risk of lambda-cyhalothrin to aquatic organisms can be reduced by (1) developing a relatively safe formulation such as a suspension concentrate, and/or (2) controlling the drainage time of the paddy field.

Broadband Achromatic Phase Shifter for a Nulling Interferometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bolcar, Matthew R.; Lyon, Richard G.

2011-01-01

Nulling interferometry is a technique for imaging exoplanets in which light from the parent star is suppressed using destructive interference. Light from the star is divided into two beams and a phase shift of radians is introduced into one of the beams. When the beams are recombined, they destructively interfere to produce a deep null. For monochromatic light, this is implemented by introducing an optical path difference (OPD) between the two beams equal to lambda/2, where lambda is the wavelength of the light. For broadband light, however, a different phase shift will be introduced at each wavelength and the two beams will not effectively null when recombined. Various techniques have been devised to introduce an achromatic phase shift a phase shift that is uniform across a particular bandwidth. One popular technique is to use a series of dispersive elements to introduce a wavelength-dependent optical path in one or both of the arms of the interferometer. By intelligently choosing the number, material and thickness of a series of glass plates, a nearly uniform, arbitrary phase shift can be introduced between two arms of an interferometer. There are several constraints that make choosing the number, type, and thickness of materials a difficult problem, such as the size of the bandwidth to be nulled. Several solutions have been found for bandwidths on the order of 20 to 30 percent (Delta(lambda)/lambda(sub c)) in the mid-infrared region. However, uniform phase shifts over a larger bandwidth in the visible regime between 480 to 960 nm (67 percent) remain difficult to obtain at the tolerances necessary for exoplanet detection. A configuration of 10 dispersive glass plates was developed to be used as an achromatic phase shifter in nulling interferometry. Five glass plates were placed in each arm of the interferometer and an additional vacuum distance was also included in the second arm of the interferometer. This configuration creates a phase shift of pi radians with an average error of 5.97 x 10(exp -8) radians and standard deviation of 3.07 x 10(exp -4) radians. To reduce ghost reflections and interference effects from neighboring elements, the glass plates are tilted such that the beam does not strike each plate at normal incidence. Reflections will therefore walk out of the system and not contribute to the intensity when the beams are recombined. Tilting the glass plates, however, introduces several other problems that must be mitigated: (1) the polarization of a beam changes when refracted at an interface at non-normal incidence; (2) the beam experiences lateral chromatic spread as it traverses multiple glass plates; (3) at each surface, wavelength- dependent intensity losses will occur due to reflection. For a fixed angle of incidence, each of these effects must be balanced between each arm of the interferometer in order to ensure a deep null. The solution was found using a nonlinear optimization routine that minimized an objective function relating phase shift, intensity difference, chromatic beam spread, and polarization difference to the desired parameters: glass plate material and thickness. In addition to providing a uniform, broadband phase shift, the configuration achieves an average difference in intensity transmission between the two arms of the interferometer of 0.016 percent with a standard deviation of 3.64 x 10(exp -4) percent, an average difference in polarization between the two arms of the interferometer of 5.47 x 10(exp -5) percent with a standard deviation of 1.57 x 10(exp -6) percent, and an average chromatic beam shift between the two arms of the interferometer of -47.53 microns with a wavelength-by-wavelength spread of 0.389 microns.

Comparison of elliptical and spherical mirrors for the grasshopper monochromators at SSRL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Waldhauer, A. P.

1989-07-01

A comparison of the performance of a spherical and elliptical mirror in the grasshopper monochromator is presented. The problem was studied by ray tracing and then tested using visible (/lambda/=633 nm) laser light. Calculations using ideal optics yield an improvement in flux by a factor of up to 2.7, while tests with visible light show an increase by a factor of 5 because the old spherical mirror is compared to a new, perfect elliptical one. The FWHM of the measured focus is 90 /mu/m with a spherical mirror, and 25 /mu/m with an elliptical one. Elliptical mirrors have been acquiredmore » and are now being installed in the two grasshoppers at SSRL.« less

Segregated tandem filter for enhanced conversion efficiency in a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system

DOEpatents

Brown, E.J.; Baldasaro, P.F.; Dziendziel, R.J.

1997-12-23

A filter system to transmit short wavelength radiation and reflect long wavelength radiation for a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion cell comprises an optically transparent substrate segregation layer with at least one coherent wavelength in optical thickness; a dielectric interference filter deposited on one side of the substrate segregation layer, the interference filter being disposed toward the source of radiation, the interference filter including a plurality of alternating layers of high and low optical index materials adapted to change from transmitting to reflecting at a nominal wavelength {lambda}{sub IF} approximately equal to the bandgap wavelength {lambda}{sub g} of the thermophotovoltaic cell, the interference filter being adapted to transmit incident radiation from about 0.5{lambda}{sub IF} to {lambda}{sub IF} and reflect from {lambda}{sub IF} to about 2{lambda}{sub IF}; and a high mobility plasma filter deposited on the opposite side of the substrate segregation layer, the plasma filter being adapted to start to become reflecting at a wavelength of about 1.5{lambda}{sub IF}. 10 figs.

On the ordinary quiver of the symmetric group over a field of characteristic 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Stuart; Russell, Lee

1997-11-01

Let [fraktur S]n and [fraktur A]n denote the symmetric and alternating groups of degree n[set membership][open face N] respectively. Let p be a prime number and let F be an arbitrary field of characteristic p. We say that a partition of n is p-regular if no p (non-zero) parts of it are equal; otherwise we call it p-singular. Let S[lambda]F denote the Specht module corresponding to [lambda]. For [lambda] a p-regular partition of n let D[lambda]F denote the unique irreducible top factor of S[lambda]F. Denote by [Delta][lambda]F =D[lambda]F [downward arrow][fraktur A]n its restriction to [fraktur A]n. Recall also that, over F, the ordinary quiver of the modular group algebra FG is a finite directed graph defined as follows: the vertices are labelled by the set of all simple FG-modules, L1, [ctdot], Lr, and the number of arrows from Li to Lj equals dimFExtFG(Li, Lj). The quiver gives important information about the block structure of G.

ZrO2-modified mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2-xNx as efficient visible light photocatalysts.

PubMed

Wang, Xinchen; Yu, Jimmy C; Chen, Yilin; Wu, Ling; Fu, Xianzhi

2006-04-01

Mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2-xNx and TiO2-xNx/ZrO2 visible-light photocatalysts have been prepared by a sol-gel method. The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, TEM, XPS, UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the decomposition of ethylene in air under visible light (lambda > 450 nm) illumination. Results revealed that nitrogen was doped into the lattice of TiO2 by the thermal treatment of NH3-adsorbed TiO2 hydrous gels, converting the TiO2 into a visible-light responsive catalyst. The introduction of ZrO2 into TiO2-xNx considerably inhibits the undesirable crystal growth during calcination. Consequently, the ZrO2-modified TiO2-xNx displays higher porosity, higher specific surface area, and an improved thermal stability over the corresponding unmodified TiO2-xNx samples.

Estimation of polyclonal IgG4 hybrids in normal human serum.

PubMed

Young, Elizabeth; Lock, Emma; Ward, Douglas G; Cook, Alexander; Harding, Stephen; Wallis, Gregg L F

2014-07-01

The in vivo or in vitro formation of IgG4 hybrid molecules, wherein the immunoglobulins have exchanged half molecules, has previously been reported under experimental conditions. Here we estimate the incidence of polyclonal IgG4 hybrids in normal human serum and comment on the existence of IgG4 molecules with different immunoglobulin light chains. Polyclonal IgG4 was purified from pooled or individual donor human sera and sequentially fractionated using light-chain affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Fractions were analysed by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, ELISA, immunodiffusion and matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry. Polyclonal IgG4 purified from normal serum contained IgG4κ, IgG4λ and IgG4κ/λ molecules. Size exclusion chromatography showed that IgG4 was principally present in monomeric form (150 000 MW). SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and ELISA showed the purity of the three IgG4 samples. Immunodiffusion, light-chain sandwich ELISA and mass spectrometry demonstrated that both κ and λ light chains were present on only the IgG4κ/λ molecules. The amounts of IgG4κ/λ hybrid molecules ranged from 21 to 33% from the five sera analysed. Based on the molecular weight these molecules were formed of two IgG4 heavy chains plus one κ and one λ light chain. Polyclonal IgG (IgG4-depleted) was similarly fractionated according to light-chain specificity. No evidence of hybrid IgG κ/λ antibodies was observed. These results indicate that hybrid IgG4κ/λ antibodies compose a substantial portion of IgG4 from normal human serum. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A molecular model for self-assembly of amyloid fibrils: Immunoglobulin light chains

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stevens, F.J.; Myatt, E.A.; Westholm, F.A.

1995-08-29

The formation and pathological deposition of amyloid fibrils are defining features of many acquired and inherited disorders, including primary or light-chain-associated amyloidosis, Alzheimer`s disease, and adult-onset diabetes. No pharmacological methods exist to block this process or to effect the removal of fibrils from tissue, and thus, little can be done to prevent organ failure and ultimate death that result from deposition of amyloid. Knowledge of the pathogenesis, treatment, or prevention of these presently incurable diseases is limited due to the relative paucity of information regarding the biophysical basis of amyloid formation. Antibody light chains of different amino acid sequence showmore » differential amyloid-forming tendencies and, as such, can provide insight into the structural organization of amyloid fibrils as well as into basic mechanisms of protein self-assembly. We have compared primary structures of 180 human monoclonal light chains and have identified particular residues and positions within the variable domain that differentiate amyloid-from nonamyloid-associated proteins. We propose a molecular model that accounts for amyloid formation by antibody light chains and might also have implications for other forms of amyloidosis. 24 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.« less

Characterization of highly scattering media by measurement of diffusely backscattered polarized light

DOEpatents

Hielscher, Andreas H.; Mourant, Judith R.; Bigio, Irving J.

2000-01-01

An apparatus and method for recording spatially dependent intensity patterns of polarized light that is diffusely backscattered from highly scattering media are described. These intensity patterns can be used to differentiate different turbid media, such as polystyrene-sphere and biological-cell suspensions. Polarized light from a He-Ne laser (.lambda.=543 nm) is focused onto the surface of the scattering medium, and a surface area of approximately 4.times.4 cm centered on the light input point is imaged through polarization analysis optics onto a CCD camera. A variety of intensity patterns may be observed by varying the polarization state of the incident laser light and changing the analyzer configuration to detect different polarization components of the backscattered light. Experimental results for polystyrene-sphere and Intralipid suspensions demonstrate that the radial and azimuthal variations of the observed pattern depend on the concentration, size, and anisotropy factor, g, of the particles constituting the scattering medium. Measurements performed on biological cell suspensions show that intensity patterns can be used to differentiate between suspensions of cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Introduction of the Mueller-matrix for diffusely backscattered light, permits the selection of a subset of measurements which comprehensively describes the optical properties of backscattering media.

Spectroscopy of the neutron-rich hypernucleus He Λ 7 from electron scattering

DOE PAGES

Gogami, T.; Chen, C.; Kawama, D.; ...

2016-08-12

Here, the missing mass spectroscopy of themore » $$^{7}_{\\Lambda}$$He hypernucleus was performed, using the $$^{7}$$Li$$(e,e^{\\prime}K^{+})^{7}_{\\Lambda}$$He reaction at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall C. The $$\\Lambda$$ binding energy of the ground state (1/2$$^{+}$$) was determined with a smaller error than that of the previous measurement, being $$B_{\\Lambda}$$ = 5.55 $$\\pm$$ 0.10(stat.) $$\\pm$$ 0.11(sys.) MeV. The experiment also provided new insight into charge symmetry breaking in p-shell hypernuclear systems. Finally, a peak at $$B_{\\Lambda}$$ = 3.65 $$\\pm$$ 0.20(stat.) $$\\pm$$ 0.11(sys.) MeV was observed and assigned as a mixture of 3/2$$^{+}$$ and 5/2$$^{+}$$ states, confirming the "gluelike" behavior of $$\\Lambda$$, which makes an unstable state in $$^{6}$$He stable against neutron emission.« less

A 2-lambda laser-induced flurorescence field instrument for ground-based and airborne measurements of atmospheric OH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodgers, M. O.; Bradshaw, J. D.; Sandholm, S. T.; Kesheng, S.; Davis, D. D.

1985-01-01

A number of techniques have been proposed for detecting atmospheric OH radicals. Of these, the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique has been used by the largest number of investigators. One of the problems arising in connection with the implementation of this technique is related to the perturbing effect of the UV (lambda approximately 282 nm) laser beam used for OH monitoring, while another problem relates to signal extraction. Several new LIF approaches have been or are currently under development with the objective to bring both problems under control. The present paper deals with the experimental features of one of these new approaches. The considered approach is referred to as 2-lambda laser-induced fluorescence (2-lambda LIF). It is shown that the 2-lambda LIF system provides significant advantages over earlier 1-lambda LIF OH measurement instruments operating at ambient pressure.

Hybrid-Lambda: simulation of multiple merger and Kingman gene genealogies in species networks and species trees.

PubMed

Zhu, Sha; Degnan, James H; Goldstien, Sharyn J; Eldon, Bjarki

2015-09-15

There has been increasing interest in coalescent models which admit multiple mergers of ancestral lineages; and to model hybridization and coalescence simultaneously. Hybrid-Lambda is a software package that simulates gene genealogies under multiple merger and Kingman's coalescent processes within species networks or species trees. Hybrid-Lambda allows different coalescent processes to be specified for different populations, and allows for time to be converted between generations and coalescent units, by specifying a population size for each population. In addition, Hybrid-Lambda can generate simulated datasets, assuming the infinitely many sites mutation model, and compute the F ST statistic. As an illustration, we apply Hybrid-Lambda to infer the time of subdivision of certain marine invertebrates under different coalescent processes. Hybrid-Lambda makes it possible to investigate biogeographic concordance among high fecundity species exhibiting skewed offspring distribution.

Primary Dendrite Arm Spacings in Al-7Si Alloy Directionally Solidified on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angart, Samuel; Lauer, Mark; Poirier, David; Tewari, Surendra; Rajamure, Ravi; Grugel, Richard

2015-01-01

Samples from directionally solidified Al- 7 wt. % Si have been analyzed for primary dendrite arm spacing (lambda) and radial macrosegregation. The alloy was directionally solidified (DS) aboard the ISS to determine the effect of mitigating convection on lambda and macrosegregation. Samples from terrestrial DS-experiments thermal histories are discussed for comparison. In some experiments, lambda was measured in microstructures that developed during the transition from one speed to another. To represent DS in the presence of no convection, the Hunt-Lu model was used to represent diffusion controlled growth under steady-state conditions. By sectioning cross-sections throughout the entire length of a solidified sample, lambda was measured and calculated using the model. During steady-state, there was reasonable agreement between the measured and calculated lambda's in the space-grown samples. In terrestrial samples, the differences between measured and calculated lambda's indicated that the dendritic growth was influenced by convection.

{Lambda}K*{Lambda}(1116) photoproduction and nucleon resonances

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Sang-Ho; Kim, Hyun-Chul; Nam, Seung-il

2011-10-21

In this presentation, we report our recent studies on the {Lambda}K*{Lambda}(1116) photoproduction off the proton target, using the tree-level Born approximation, via the effective Lagrangian approach. In addition, we include the nine (three- or four-star confirmed) nucleon resonances below the threshold {radical}(s{sub th}){approx_equal}2008 MeV, to interpret the discrepancy between the experiment and previous theoretical studies, in the vicinity of the threshold region. From the numerical studies, we observe that the S{sub 11}(1535) and S11(1650) play an important role for the cross-section enhancement near the {radical}(s{sub th}). It also turns out that, in order to reproduce the data, we have themore » vector coupling constants gK*S{sub 11}(1535){Lambda} = (7.0{approx}9.0) and gK*S{sub 11}(1650){Lambda} (5.0{approx}6.0).« less

Spectroscopic studies and structure of 3-methoxy-2 -[(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2{lambda}{sup 5},4{lambda}{sup 5},6{lambda}{sup 5}-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy] benzaldehyde

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oezay, H.; Yildiz, M., E-mail: myildiz@comu.edu.tr; Uenver, H.

2013-01-15

The compound called 3-methoxy-2- [(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2{lambda}{sup 5},4{lambda}{sup 5},6{lambda}{sup 5}-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy] benzaldehyde has been synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. It has been characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, {sup 1}H NMR, {sup 13}C NMR, {sup 31}P NMR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the title compound has been determind by X-ray analysis. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, Z = 4, a = 7.705(1), b = 12.624(1), c = 17.825(2) A, R{sub 1} = 0.0390 and wR{sub 2} = 0.1074 [I > 2{sigma}(I)], respectively.

[Ru(phen)2DPPZ]2+ is in contact with DNA bases when it forms a luminescent complex with single-stranded oligonucleotides.

PubMed

Moon, Seok Joon; Kim, Jong Moon; Choi, Ji Youn; Kim, Seog K; Lee, Je Seung; Jang, Ho G

2005-05-01

The luminescence intensity of the Delta- and Lambda-enantiomer of [Ru(phen)2DPPZ]2+ ([Ru(phenanthroline)2 dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine]2+) complex enhanced upon binding to double stranded DNA, which has been known as "light switch effect". The enhancement of the luminescence required the intercalation of the large ligand between DNA base pairs. In this study, we report the enhancement in the luminescence intensity when the metal complexes bind to single stranded oligonucleotides, indicating that the "light switch effect" does not require intercalation of the large DPPZ ligand. Oligonucleotides may provide a hydrophobic cavity for the [Ru(phen)2DPPZ]2+ complex to prevent the quenching by the water molecule. In the cavity, the metal complex is in contact with DNA bases as is evidenced by the observation that the excited energy of the DNA bases transfer to the bound metal complex. However, the contact of the metal complex with DNA bases is different from the stacking of DPPZ in the intercalation pocket. In addition to the normal two luminescence lifetimes, a short lifetime in the range of 1-2 ns was found for both the delta- and lambda-enantiomer of [Ru(phen)2DPPZ]2+ when complexed with single stranded oligonucleotides, which may be assigned to the metal complex that is outside of the cavity, interacting with phosphate groups of DNA.

[Construction of dengue virus-specific full-length fully human antibody libraries by mammalian display technology].

PubMed

Wen, Yangming; Lan, Kaijian; Wang, Junjie; Yu, Jingyi; Qu, Yarong; Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Fuchun; Tan, Wanlong; Cao, Hong; Zhou, Chen

2013-06-01

To construct dengue virus-specific full-length fully human antibody libraries using mammalian cell surface display technique. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent patients with dengue fever. The reservoirs of the light chain and heavy chain variable regions (LCκ and VH) of the antibody genes were amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into the vector pDGB-HC-TM separately to construct the light chain and heavy chain libraries. The library DNAs were transfected into CHO cells and the expression of full-length fully human antibodies on the surface of CHO cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Using 1.2 µg of the total RNA isolated from the PBMCs as the template, the LCκ and VH were amplified and the full-length fully human antibody mammalian display libraries were constructed. The kappa light chain gene library had a size of 1.45×10(4) and the heavy chain gene library had a size of 1.8×10(5). Sequence analysis showed that 8 out of the 10 light chain clones and 7 out of the 10 heavy chain clones randomly picked up from the constructed libraries contained correct open reading frames. FACS analysis demonstrated that all the 15 clones with correct open reading frames expressed full-length antibodies, which could be detected on CHO cell surfaces. After co-transfection of the heavy chain and light chain gene libraries into CHO cells, the expression of full-length antibodies on CHO cell surfaces could be detected by FACS analysis with an expressible diversity of the antibody library reaching 1.46×10(9) [(1.45×10(4)×80%)×(1.8×10(5)×70%)]. Using 1.2 µg of total RNA as template, the LCκ and VH full-length fully human antibody libraries against dengue virus have been successfully constructed with an expressible diversity of 10(9).

Influence of tensor interactions on masses and decay widths of dibaryons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pang Hourong; Ping Jialun; Chen Lingzhi

The influence of gluon and Goldstone boson induced tensor interactions on the dibaryon masses and D-wave decay widths has been studied in the quark delocalization, color screening model. The effective S-D wave transition interactions induced by gluon and Goldstone boson exchanges decrease rapidly with increasing strangeness of the channel. The tensor contribution of K and {eta} mesons is negligible in this model. There is no six-quark state in the light flavor world studied so far that can become bound by means of these tensor interactions besides the deuteron. The partial D-wave decay widths of the IJ{sup p}=(1/2)2{sup +}N{omega} state tomore » spin 0 and 1 {lambda}{xi} final states are 12.0 and 21.9 keV, respectively. This is a very narrow dibaryon resonance that might be detectable in those production reactions with rich high strangeness particles through the reconstruction of the vertex mass of the decay product {lambda}{xi} by existing detectors at RHIC and COMPASS at CERN or at JHF in Japan and FAIR in Germany in the future.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu Ke; Li Yanqiu; Wang Hai

Characterization of measurement accuracy of the phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) is usually performed by two-pinhole null test. In this procedure, the geometrical coma and detector tilt astigmatism systematic errors are almost one or two magnitude higher than the desired accuracy of PS/PDI. These errors must be accurately removed from the null test result to achieve high accuracy. Published calibration methods, which can remove the geometrical coma error successfully, have some limitations in calibrating the astigmatism error. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously calibrate the geometrical coma and detector tilt astigmatism errors in PS/PDI null test. Basedmore » on the measurement results obtained from two pinhole pairs in orthogonal directions, the method utilizes the orthogonal and rotational symmetry properties of Zernike polynomials over unit circle to calculate the systematic errors introduced in null test of PS/PDI. The experiment using PS/PDI operated at visible light is performed to verify the method. The results show that the method is effective in isolating the systematic errors of PS/PDI and the measurement accuracy of the calibrated PS/PDI is 0.0088{lambda} rms ({lambda}= 632.8 nm).« less

Few-fJ/bit data transmissions using directly modulated lambda-scale embedded active region photonic-crystal lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeda, Koji; Sato, Tomonari; Shinya, Akihiko; Nozaki, Kengo; Kobayashi, Wataru; Taniyama, Hideaki; Notomi, Masaya; Hasebe, Koichi; Kakitsuka, Takaaki; Matsuo, Shinji

2013-07-01

A low operating energy is needed for nanocavity lasers designed for on-chip photonic network applications. On-chip nanocavity lasers must be driven by current because they act as light sources driven by electronic circuits. Here, we report the high-speed direct modulation of a lambda-scale embedded active region photonic-crystal (LEAP) laser that holds three records for any type of laser operated at room temperature: a low threshold current of 4.8 µA, a modulation current efficiency of 2.0 GHz µA-0.5 and an operating energy of 4.4 fJ bit-1. Five major technologies make this performance possible: a compact buried heterostructure, a photonic-crystal nanocavity, a lateral p-n junction realized by ion implantation and thermal diffusion, an InAlAs sacrificial layer and current-blocking trenches. We believe that an output power of 2.17 µW and an operating energy of 4.4 fJ bit-1 will enable us to realize on-chip photonic networks in combination with the recently developed highly sensitive receivers.

Observational constraints on disc galaxy formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syer, D.; Mao, Shude; Mo, H. J.

1999-04-01

We use data from the literature to constrain theoretical models of galaxy formation. We show how to calculate the dimensionless spin parameter lambda of the haloes of disc galaxies, and we compare the distribution of lambda with that observed in cosmological N-body simulations. The agreement is excellent, which provides strong support for the hierarchical picture of galaxy formation. Assuming only that the radial surface density distribution of discs is exponential, we estimate crudely the maximum-disc mass-to-light ratio in the I band, and obtain < Upsilon_I> <~ 3.56 h, for a Hubble constant of 100 h km s^-1 Mpc^-1. We discuss this result and its limitations in relation to other independent determinations of Upsilon_I. We also define a dimensionless form of the Tully-Fisher relation, and use it to derive a value of the baryon fraction in disc galaxies; the median value is m_d = 0.084 (Upsilon_I3.56 h). Assuming that the gas fraction in galactic haloes is at most as large as that in clusters, we also conclude that < Upsilon_I> <~ 2.56 h^-1/2.

C III] Emission in Star-Forming Galaxies Near and Far

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rigby, J, R.; Bayliss, M. B.; Gladders, M. D.; Sharon, K.; Wuyts, E.; Dahle, H.; Johnson, T.; Pena-Guerrero, M.

2015-01-01

We measure C III Lambda Lambda 1907, 1909 Angstrom emission lines in eleven gravitationally-lensed star-forming galaxies at zeta at approximately 1.6-3, finding much lower equivalent widths than previously reported for fainter lensed galaxies (Stark et al. 2014). While it is not yet clear what causes some galaxies to be strong C III] emitters, C III] emission is not a universal property of distant star-forming galaxies. We also examine C III] emission in 46 star-forming galaxies in the local universe, using archival spectra from GHRS, FOS, and STIS on HST, and IUE. Twenty percent of these local galaxies show strong C III] emission, with equivalent widths less than -5 Angstrom. Three nearby galaxies show C III] emission equivalent widths as large as the most extreme emitters yet observed in the distant universe; all three are Wolf-Rayet galaxies. At all redshifts, strong C III] emission may pick out low-metallicity galaxies experiencing intense bursts of star formation. Such local C III] emitters may shed light on the conditions of star formation in certain extreme high-redshift galaxies.

Longitudinal diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study of radiation-induced white matter damage in a rat model.

PubMed

Wang, Silun; Wu, Ed X; Qiu, Deqiang; Leung, Lucullus H T; Lau, Ho-Fai; Khong, Pek-Lan

2009-02-01

Radiation-induced white matter (WM) damage is a major side effect of whole brain irradiation among childhood cancer survivors. We evaluate longitudinally the diffusion characteristics of the late radiation-induced WM damage in a rat model after 25 and 30 Gy irradiation to the hemibrain at 8 time points from 2 to 48 weeks postradiation. We hypothesize that diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) indices including fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, axial diffusivity (lambda(//)), and radial diffusivity (lambda( perpendicular)) can accurately detect and monitor the histopathologic changes of radiation-induced WM damage, measured at the EC, and that these changes are dose and time dependent. Results showed a progressive reduction of FA, which was driven by reduction in lambda(//) from 4 to 40 weeks postradiation, and an increase in lambda( perpendicular) with return to baseline in lambda(//) at 48 weeks postradiation. Histologic evaluation of irradiated WM showed reactive astrogliosis from 4 weeks postradiation with reversal at 36 weeks, and demyelination, axonal degeneration, and necrosis at 48 weeks postradiation. Moreover, changes in lambda(//) correlated with reactive astrogliosis (P < 0.01) and lambda( perpendicular) correlated with demyelination (P < 0.01). Higher radiation dose (30 Gy) induced earlier and more severe histologic changes than lower radiation dose (25 Gy), and these differences were reflected by the magnitude of changes in lambda(//) and lambda( perpendicular). DTI indices reflected the histopathologic changes of WM damage and our results support the use of DTI as a biomarker to noninvasively monitor radiation-induced WM damage.

Assessment of resistance risk to lambda-cyhalothrin and cross-resistance to four other insecticides in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

PubMed

Abbas, Naeem; Shad, Sarfraz Ali

2015-07-01

Lambda-cyhalothrin, a sodium channel modulator insecticide, has been used frequently for the control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) worldwide, including Pakistan. This experiment was performed to determine the selection and assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance evolution along with four other insecticides. After 26 generations of selection, the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected population developed 445-fold resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin compared to the susceptible population. There was low cross-resistance to bifenthrin and very low cross-resistance to methomyl, imidacloprid, and fipronil in the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected population compared to the field population (G1). Realized heritability (h (2)) of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, methomyl, imidacloprid, and fipronil was 0.07, 0.05, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.08, respectively. The projected rate of resistance development revealed that if 90 % house flies were selected, then a tenfold increase in lethal concentration 50 occurred after 17, 20, 159, 13, and 14 generations for lambda-cyhalothrin (h (2) = 0.07, slope = 2.09), bifenthrin (h (2) = 0.05, slope = 1.73), methomyl (h (2) = 0.01, slope = 2.52), imidacloprid (h (2) = 0.08, slope = 1.89), and fipronil (h (2) = 0.08, slope = 2.03), respectively. The results of our study concluded that the house fly has the potential to develop multiple insecticide resistances following continued selection pressure with lambda-cyhalothrin. This study will be helpful for assisting the development of resistance management strategies.

Size effects of primary/secondary twins on the atomistic deformation mechanisms in hierarchically nanotwinned metals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan, Fuping; Wu, Xiaolei

2013-05-28

A series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the tensile properties of nanotwinned (NT) copper with hierarchically twinned structures (HTS). For the same grain size d and the same spacing of primary twins {lambda}{sub 1}, the average flow stress first increases as the spacing of secondary twins {lambda}{sub 2} decreases, reaching a maximum at a critical {lambda}{sub 2}, and then decreases as {lambda}{sub 2} becomes even smaller. The smaller the spacing for {lambda}{sub 1}, the smaller the critical spacing for {lambda}{sub 2}. There exists a transition in dominating deformation mechanisms, occurring at a critical spacing ofmore » {lambda}{sub 2} for which strength is maximized. Above the critical spacing of {lambda}{sub 2}, the deformation mechanisms are dominated by the two Hall-Petch type strengthening mechanisms: (a) partial dislocations emitted from grain boundaries (GBs) travel across other GBs and twin boundaries (TBs); (b) partial dislocations emitted from TBs travel across other TBs. Below the critical spacing of {lambda}{sub 2}, the deformation mechanism is dominated by the two softening mechanisms: (a) Partial dislocations emitted from boundaries of the primary twins travel parallel to the TBs of the secondary twins, leading to detwinning of the secondary twins; (b) Boundaries of the primary twins shift entirely, leading to thickening in one part of primary twins and thinning in the other part of primary twins. The present results should provide insights to design the microstructures for reinforcing the mechanical properties in the NT metals with HTS.« less

RECONCILIATION OF WAITING TIME STATISTICS OF SOLAR FLARES OBSERVED IN HARD X-RAYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aschwanden, Markus J.; McTiernan, James M., E-mail: aschwanden@lmsal.co, E-mail: jimm@ssl.berkeley.ed

2010-07-10

We study the waiting time distributions of solar flares observed in hard X-rays with ISEE-3/ICE, HXRBS/SMM, WATCH/GRANAT, BATSE/CGRO, and RHESSI. Although discordant results and interpretations have been published earlier, based on relatively small ranges (<2 decades) of waiting times, we find that all observed distributions, spanning over 6 decades of waiting times ({Delta}t {approx} 10{sup -3}-10{sup 3} hr), can be reconciled with a single distribution function, N({Delta}t) {proportional_to} {lambda}{sub 0}(1 + {lambda}{sub 0{Delta}}t){sup -2}, which has a power-law slope of p {approx} 2.0 at large waiting times ({Delta}t {approx} 1-1000 hr) and flattens out at short waiting times {Delta}t {approx}

Alternatives to Goodman and Kruskal's Lambda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stavig, Gordon R.

1979-01-01

Lambda and kappa coefficients of nominal scale association are developed for research hypotheses that involve predictions of modality, agreement, or some theoretically specified configuration. The proposed new coefficient is offered as an alternative to Goodman and Kruskal's lambda. (Author/CTM)

Productive Recognition of Factor IX by Factor XIa Exosites Requires Disulfide Linkage between Heavy and Light Chains of Factor XIa*

PubMed Central

Marcinkiewicz, Mariola M.; Sinha, Dipali; Walsh, Peter N.

2012-01-01

In the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) activates factor IX (FIX) by cleaving the zymogen at Arg145-Ala146 and Arg180-Val181 bonds releasing an 11-kDa activation peptide. FXIa and its isolated light chain (FXIa-LC) cleave S-2366 at comparable rates, but FXIa-LC is a very poor activator of FIX, possibly because FIX undergoes allosteric modification on binding to an exosite on the heavy chain of FXIa (FXIa-HC) required for optimal cleavage rates of the two scissile bonds of FIX. However preincubation of FIX with a saturating concentration of isolated FXIa-HC did not result in any potentiation in the rate of FIX cleavage by FXIa-LC. Furthermore, if FIX binding via the heavy chain exosite of FXIa determines the affinity of the enzyme-substrate interaction, then the isolated FXIa-HC should inhibit the rate of FIX activation by depleting the substrate. However, whereas FXIa/S557A inhibited FIX activation of by FXIa, FXIa-HC did not. Therefore, we examined FIX binding to FXIa/S557A, FXIa-HC, FXIa-LC, FXIa/C362S/C482S, and FXIa/S557A/C362S/C482S. The heavy and light chains are disulfide-linked in FXIa/S557A but not in FXIa/C362S/C482S and FXIa/S557A/C362S/C482S. In an ELISA assay only FXI/S557A ligated FIX with high affinity. Partial reduction of FXIa/S557A to produce heavy and light chains resulted in decreased FIX binding, and this function was regained upon reformation of the disulfide linkage between the heavy and the light chains. We therefore conclude that substrate recognition by the FXIa exosite(s) requires disulfide-linked heavy and light chains. PMID:22207756

Preparation of new crosslinking agents and additives for use in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yangliu

The most commonly used proton conductive membrane in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) studies to date is DuPont's NafionRTM, which is a perfluorinated copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluorovinyl ether with a pendant sulfonic acid group. A focus of this work is to find ways to improve the performance of NafionRTM membranes. Crosslinking the TFE chains of fluorinated ionomeric copolymers to improve their thermal and mechanical stability is a proven route to this goal. A straightforward synthetic route to perfluorinated divinyl ethers of the formula CF2=CFO(CF 2)3[OCF(CF3)CF2]mOCF=CF 2 (m = 0-1) has been demonstrated. The compounds CF2=CFO(CF 2)3OCF=CF2 and CF2=CFO(CF2) 3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF=CF2 were prepared and characterized by GC-MS, 13C and 19F NMR, and gas-IR spectroscopy. Synthetic routes to fluorosulfato-tetrafluoropropionyl fluoride [FSO3CF2CF2C(O)F] and difluoromalonyl difluoride [F(O)CCF2C(O)F] with improved yields were found. The second focus of the dissertation was the development of fluorous triarylphosphines for use as new doping materials for the modification of NafionRTM membranes and for use as ligands in catalysts for biphasic catalysis. The synthesis and characterization of a series of new polyhexafluoropropylene oxide derivatives for preparation of fluorous triarylphosphines and phosphonium salts was studied, such as F[CF(CF3)CF2O] 4CF(CF3)CH2CH2I, F[CF(CF3)CF 2O]4CF(CF3)CH=CH2, F[CF(CF3)CF 2O]4CF(CF3) CH2CH2C6H5, and F[CF(CF 3)CF2O]4CF(CF3)CH2CH 2C6H4Br. In a separate study, the photochlorination of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (HCF2CF2CH2OH) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate [HCF2CF2C(O)OCH2 CF2CF2H] with super diazo blue light (lambda max = 420 nm) were investigated. The photochemical products are different from those obtained under mercury light (lambda = 253.7nm). A new compound ClCF2CF2C(O)OC(H)ClCF2CF2Cl was prepared and characterized by GC-MS, elemental analysis, 1H, 13C and 19F NMR, and gas-IR spectroscopy.

Loss of tubular creatinine secretion as the only sign of tubular proximal cell dysfunction in light chain proximal tubulopathy: A case report.

PubMed

Stehlé, Thomas; Vignon, Marguerite; Flamant, Martin; Figueres, Marie-Lucile; Rabant, Marion; Rodenas, Anita; Noël, Laure-Hélène; Arnulf, Bertrand; Vidal-Petiot, Emmanuelle

2016-06-01

Light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) is a rare disease, characterized by cytoplasmic inclusions of light chain (usually kappa) immunoglobulins. Clinical presentation is usually a Fanconi syndrome. The proximal tubular dysfunction can be incomplete, and exceptional cases of LCPT without any tubular dysfunction have even been described. Here, we report a case of LCPT in which the only sign of proximal tubulopathy is the absence of secretion of creatinine, as assessed by the simultaneous measurement of renal clearance of creatinine and CrEDTA. The loss of tubular creatinine secretion as a sign of tubular proximal cell dysfunction ought to be identified in patients with light chain proximal tubulopathy as it leads to a clinically relevant underestimation of GFR by the creatinine-derived equations. The prevalence and prognostic significance of this particular proximal tubular damage in LCPT remain to be determined.

Low-power light guiding and localization in optoplasmonic chains obtained by directed self-assembly

DOE PAGES

Ahn, Wonmi; Zhao, Xin; Hong, Yan; ...

2016-03-02

Here, optoplasmonic structures contain plasmonic components embedded in a defined photonic environment to create synergistic interactions between photonic and plasmonic components. Here, we show that chains of optical microspheres containing gold nanoparticles in their evanescent field combine the light guiding properties of a microsphere chain with the light localizing properties of a plasmonic nanoantenna. We implement these materials through template guided self-assembly and investigate their fundamental electromagnetic working principles through combination of electromagnetic simulations and experimental characterization. We demonstrate that optoplasmonic chains implemented by directed self-assembly achieve a significant reduction in guiding losses when compared with conventional plasmonic waveguides and,more » at the same time, retain the light localizing properties of plasmonic antennas at pre-defined locations. The results reinforce the potential of optoplasmonic structures for realizing low-loss optical interconnects with high bandwidth.« less

Young Stars Emerge from Orion Head

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-05-17

This image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope shows infant stars "hatching" in the head of the hunter constellation, Orion. Astronomers suspect that shockwaves from a supernova explosion in Orion's head, nearly three million years ago, may have initiated this newfound birth . The region featured in this Spitzer image is called Barnard 30. It is located approximately 1,300 light-years away and sits on the right side of Orion's "head," just north of the massive star Lambda Orionis. Wisps of red in the cloud are organic molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These molecules are formed anytime carbon-based materials are burned incompletely. On Earth, they can be found in the sooty exhaust from automobile and airplane engines. They also coat the grills where charcoal-broiled meats are cooked. This image shows infrared light captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Light with wavelengths of 8 and 5.8 microns (red and orange) comes mainly from dust that has been heated by starlight. Light of 4.5 microns (green) shows hot gas and dust; and light of 3.6 microns (blue) is from starlight. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09412

Young Stars Emerge from Orion's Head

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

This image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope shows infant stars 'hatching' in the head of the hunter constellation, Orion. Astronomers suspect that shockwaves from a supernova explosion in Orion's head, nearly three million years ago, may have initiated this newfound birth

The region featured in this Spitzer image is called Barnard 30. It is located approximately 1,300 light-years away and sits on the right side of Orion's 'head,' just north of the massive star Lambda Orionis.

Wisps of red in the cloud are organic molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These molecules are formed anytime carbon-based materials are burned incompletely. On Earth, they can be found in the sooty exhaust from automobile and airplane engines. They also coat the grills where charcoal-broiled meats are cooked.

This image shows infrared light captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Light with wavelengths of 8 and 5.8 microns (red and orange) comes mainly from dust that has been heated by starlight. Light of 4.5 microns (green) shows hot gas and dust; and light of 3.6 microns (blue) is from starlight.

Hepatopancreatic intoxication of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide on albino rats

PubMed Central

Elhalwagy, Manal EA; Abd-Alrahman, Sherif H; Nahas, AA; Ziada, Reem M; Mohamady, Aziza H

2015-01-01

Background: Despite the known adverse effects of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide, little is known about its hepatopancreatic intoxication effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate sub-chronic effect of Karat 2.5% EC formulation of lambda cyhalothrin on male albino rats. Methods: To explore the effects of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin on rats and its mechanism, low (1/40 of LD50, 5 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1/4 of LD50, 50 mg/kg/day) lambda cyhalothrin were applied to rats via drinking water for 3 months. Blood samples were collected monthly, and the animals were dissected for liver and pancreas’s examination at the end of the experiment. Lambda cyhalothrin administration was associated with the elevation in lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction in SH-protein a major marker for antioxidant, as well as basel paraoxonase (PON) in both treated groups throughout the experimental periods. Results: In addition, significant elevations in liver enzymes alanin amino transferase, (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), as well as plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucose level. While, significant reduction in insulin level through the experimental periods. Results of histopathological and histochemical studies showed that lambda cyhalothrin exposure induces liver and pancreatic tissues damage and depletion in glycogen content was pronounced in liver of both treated groups. Conclusions: In conclusion subchronic intoxication with lambda cyhalothrin formulation induced remarkable changes in the examined parameters. PMID:26221269

Hepatopancreatic intoxication of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide on albino rats.

PubMed

Elhalwagy, Manal Ea; Abd-Alrahman, Sherif H; Nahas, A A; Ziada, Reem M; Mohamady, Aziza H

2015-01-01

Despite the known adverse effects of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide, little is known about its hepatopancreatic intoxication effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate sub-chronic effect of Karat 2.5% EC formulation of lambda cyhalothrin on male albino rats. To explore the effects of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin on rats and its mechanism, low (1/40 of LD50, 5 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1/4 of LD50, 50 mg/kg/day) lambda cyhalothrin were applied to rats via drinking water for 3 months. Blood samples were collected monthly, and the animals were dissected for liver and pancreas's examination at the end of the experiment. Lambda cyhalothrin administration was associated with the elevation in lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction in SH-protein a major marker for antioxidant, as well as basel paraoxonase (PON) in both treated groups throughout the experimental periods. In addition, significant elevations in liver enzymes alanin amino transferase, (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), as well as plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucose level. While, significant reduction in insulin level through the experimental periods. Results of histopathological and histochemical studies showed that lambda cyhalothrin exposure induces liver and pancreatic tissues damage and depletion in glycogen content was pronounced in liver of both treated groups. In conclusion subchronic intoxication with lambda cyhalothrin formulation induced remarkable changes in the examined parameters.

Anisotropy of the penetration depth in La2-xSrxCuO4 in underdoped and overdoped regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaleski, A. J.; Klamut, J.

1999-12-01

We present the results of measurements of the penetration depth anisotropy in pulverized, ceramic La2-xSrxCuO4. The measurements were carried out for x = 0.08, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15 and 0.2. The powdered samples, immersed in wax, were magnetically oriented in a static magnetic field of 10 T. The penetration depth in the a-b plane, icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>ab, and perpendicular to it, icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>icons/Journals/Common/perp" ALT="perp" ALIGN="MIDDLE"/>, were derived from alternating-current susceptibility measurements. For underdoped samples they both vary linearly with temperature (for the low-temperature region), while for the samples from the overdoped region the measured points can be fitted by an exponential function. These results support Uemura's picture (Uemura Y J 1997 Physica C 282-287 194) of crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer mechanism of superconductivity. The penetration depth values extrapolated to T = 0 may be described by a quadratic function of the strontium concentration (for both icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>ab and icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>icons/Journals/Common/perp" ALT="perp" ALIGN="MIDDLE"/>). The anisotropy of the penetration depth as a function of the substitution shows a similar dependence to the critical temperature Tc(x).

Laser action benzimidazoles in various aggregate states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gruzinskii, V. V.; Degtiarenko, K. M.; Shalaev, V. K.; Kopylova, T. N.; Verkhovskii, V. S.; Tarasenko, V. F.; Melchenko, S. V.

1983-04-01

Lasing has been obtained in solutions of benzimidazole (Bi) derivatives: 2-phenyl-Bi (with the band maximum lambda-r-max = 341-347 nm), 2-n-tolyl-Bi (344 nm), and 2-(4'-biphenilyl) Bi (366-374 nm). It is found that compounds of this class provide a basis for laser radiation covering a wide region of the spectrum. Lasing has been obtained on the vapors of 2-(4'-biphenilyl) Bi (361.2 nm) and 2-(n-tolyl) Bi (336.5 nm) with a pentane stabilizer of the excited states. High volatility, photostability, and lasing in wide ranges of concentration determine the efficiency of using this new class of compounds (chain arylbenzimidazoles) in lasers using the vapors of complex molecules.

Russell body apical periodontitis: an unusual case report.

PubMed

Dos Santos, Jean Nunes; Ramos, Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves; Gurgel, Clarissa Araújo Silva; Barros, Adna Conceição; de Freitas, André Carlos; Crusoé-Rebello, Iêda Maria

2008-12-01

Russell bodies (RBs) changes in chronic apical lesions have rarely been reported in the literature. We describe a case of a periapical lesion abundantly and extensively composed of RB. Microscopic examination showed accumulation of plasma cells containing globular, spherical, polygonal, and eosinophilic structures against fibrous connective tissue. Initial diagnostic considerations based on a smaller magnification included hypersecretory plasmocytoma, although there was no evidence of infiltrative growth, mitotic activity, nuclear atypia, or cellular pleomorphism. Then, a panel of immunohistochemical markers was applied and the cells showed positivity with both kappa and lambda chains demonstrating their polyclonal origin. The extensive accumulation of RBs involving the periapical region represents an unreported and significant histologic change, as it was mimicking a malignant neoplasm.

Spin-Orbit Relaxation Rates of Bi(6p(3) 2D(3/2)) Following Photolysis of Bi(CH3)3 at Lambda = 193 nm

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-07

C. E. Gardner, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 1861 and references therein (1981). 12. R. F. Heidner III, H . Helvajian , J. S. Holloway, and J. B. Koffend (to be...observed from the blue BiF(A - X) band system. [1 0] NF(aIA) is conveniently produced by means of the H2/NF2 chain reac- tion[111 F + H2 * HF(v) + H (3... H + NF2 NF(a 1) + F (4) in which reaction 4 produces the (a 1A) state with a branching ratio of >0.9. [7,121 Thus, we have a system capable of

First-trimester ultrasound determination of chorionicity in twin gestations using the lambda sign: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Maruotti, G M; Saccone, G; Morlando, M; Martinelli, P

2016-07-01

To evaluate the accuracy of first-trimester sonographic determination of chorionicity in twin gestations using the lambda sign. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PROSPERO, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, Sciencedirect) were searched from their inception until April 2016. We included only study assessing the accuracy lambda sign in prediction of monochorionicity in the first trimester. Forest plots for pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated. In addition, symmetric summary receiver-operating characteristic curves were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was also computed to evaluate the overall accuracy of the diagnostic test. Nine studies, including 2292 twins, were analysed. In all of these studies, identification of the lambda sign was used to diagnose chorionicity on real-time B-mode imaging. Twins were classified as monochorionic if there was a single placental mass in the absence of the lambda sign, and dichorionic if there was a single placental mass but the lambda sign was present or the placentas were not adjacent to each other. In all nine studies, placental histology or discordant fetal sex were used to confirm chorionicity. Pooled results from the meta-analysis showed that sensitivity of the presence of the lambda sign in the prediction of dichorionicity was 99% (95% CI 98-100%), and specificity was 95% (95% CI 92-97%). Pooled sensitivity of the absence of the lambda sign in the prediction of monochorionicity was 96% (95% CI 92-98%) and pooled specificity was 99% (95% CI 98-99%). The AUC for diagnostic accuracy was 0.99, and suggested very high diagnostic accuracy. The lambda sign predicts chorionicity with a high degree of accuracy before 14 weeks of gestation. Presence of the lambda sign indicates dichorionicity, and absence of the lambda sign indicates monochorionicity. All hospitals should encourage departments providing ultrasound services to determine chorionicity when examining women with twin pregnancies in the first trimester. As determination of chorionicity is most accurate before 14 weeks when the amnion and chorion have not yet fused, the first-trimester scan in twin pregnancy is paramount. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of the value of consecutive serum total light chain (sTLC) in patients diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Zhai, Linzhu; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Peng, Songguo; Zhu, Ke; Yu, Rongjian; Chen, Hailong; Lin, Tongyu; Lin, Lizhu

2016-12-01

There are limited data on serum total light chain (sTLC) in lymphoma and its relative role on the outcome of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Blood samples from 46 cases newly diagnosed with DLBCL were collected consecutively during chemotherapy to detect sTLC, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels. Clinical data and survival outcomes were analyzed according to the results of sTLC measurements. In summary, 22 patients (47.8 %) had abnormal k or λ light chain, respectively, and 6 patients (13.0 %) had both abnormal k and λ light chains before chemotherapy. Patients with elevated k light chain more frequently displayed multiple extra-nodal organ involvement (P = 0.01) and had an inferior overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.044) compared to patients with normal level of k light chain. Furthermore, patients with elevated level of both k and λ also exhibited significant association with shorter OS (P = 0.002) and PFS (P = 0.009). Both elevated k alone and concurrent elevated k and λ had independent adverse effects on PFS (P = 0.031 and P = 0.019, respectively). sTLC level was reduced gradually by treatment in this study and reached the lowest point after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy, which was consistent with the disease behavior during chemotherapy. Considering the small sample size of this study, these results should be confirmed in a larger prospective study.

A Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph for the Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanet Systems: Recent Results and Prospects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trauger, John; Moody, Dwight; Gordon, Brian; Krist, John; Mawet, Dimitri

2011-01-01

We report our best laboratory contrast demonstrations achieved to date. We review the design, fabrication, performance, and future prospects of a hybrid focal plane occulter for exoplanet coronagraphy. Composed of thickness-profiled metallic and dielectric thin films vacuum deposited on a fused silica substrate, the hybrid occulter uses two superimposed thin films for control over both the real and imaginary parts of the complex attenuation pattern. Together with a deformable mirror for adjustment of wavefront phase, the hybrid Lyot coronagraph potentially exceeds billion-to one contrast over dark fields extending to within angular separations of 3 lambda/D (3 x the cosmological constant / diameter of the telescope) from the central star, over spectral bandwidths of 20 percent or more, and with throughput efficiencies up to 60 percent. We report laboratory contrasts of 3 x 10 (sup -10) degrees over 2 percent bandwidths, 6 x 10 (sup -10) degrees over 10 percent bandwidths, and 2 x 10 (sup -9) over 20 percent bandwidths, achieved across high contrast fields extending from an inner working angle of 3 lambda/D to a radius of 15 lambda/D. Occulter performance is analyzed in light of recent experiments and optical models, and prospects for further improvements are summarized. The science capabilities of the hybrid Lyot coronagraph are compared with requirements of the ACCESS mission, a representative exoplanet space telescope concept study for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanet systems. This work has been supported by NASA's Technology Demonstration for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) program.

Multiple factors and processes involved in host cell killing by bacteriophage Mu: characterization and mapping.

PubMed

Waggoner, B T; Marrs, C F; Howe, M M; Pato, M L

1984-07-15

The regions of bacteriophage Mu involved in host cell killing were determined by infection of a lambda-immune host with 12 lambda pMu-transducing phages carrying different amounts of Mu DNA beginning at the left end. Infecting lambda pMu phages containing 5.0 (+/- 0.2) kb or less of the left end of Mu DNA did not kill the lambda-immune host, whereas lambda pMu containing 5.1 kb did kill, thus locating the right end of the kil gene between approximately 5.0 and 5.1 kb. For the Kil+ phages the extent of killing increased as the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) increased. In addition, killing was also affected by the presence of at least two other regions of Mu DNA: one, located between 5.1 and 5.8 kb, decreased the extent of killing; the other, located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb, greatly increased host cell killing. Killing was also assayed after lambda pMu infection of a lambda-immune host carrying a mini-Mu deleted for most of the B gene and the middle region of Mu DNA. Complementation of mini-Mu replication by infecting B+ lambda pMu phages resulted in killing of the lambda-immune, mini-Mu-containing host, regardless of the presence or absence of the Mu kil gene. The extent of host cell killing increased as the m.o.i. of the infecting lambda pMu increased, and was further enhanced by both the presence of the kil gene and the region located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb. These distinct processes of kil-mediated killing in the absence of replication and non-kil-mediated killing in the presence of replication were also observed after induction of replication-deficient and kil mutant prophages, respectively.

Study of the strong {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi},{sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays in a nonrelativistic quark model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albertus, C.; Nieves, J.; Hernandez, E.

We present results for the strong widths corresponding to the {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi}, {sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays. The calculations have been done in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model with wave functions that take advantage of the constraints imposed by heavy quark symmetry. Partial conservation of axial current hypothesis allows us to determine the strong vertices from an analysis of the axial current matrix elements. Our results {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=2.41{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=2.79{+-}0.08{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=2.37{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=17.52{+-}0.74{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{supmore » +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=17.31{+-}0.73{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=16.90{+-}0.71{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}+{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=3.18{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV, and {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}+{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0})=3.03{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV are in good agreement with experimental determinations.« less

Modified van Vaals-Bergman coaxial cable coil (lambda coil) for high-field imaging.

PubMed

Matsuzawa, H; Nakada, T

1996-03-01

An easily constructed, low-capacitive coupling volume coil based on the van Vaals-Bergman coaxial cable coil for high field imaging is described. The coil (designated "lambda coil") was constructed using two 5/4 length 50 omega coaxial cables matched to a 50 omega transmission line with LC bridge balun. The standing wave on the single 5/4 lambda length coaxial cable provides two points of current maxima in oppositional direction. Therefore, the four current elements necessary for effective B1 field generation can be obtained by two 5/4 lambda length coaxial cables arranged analogous to 1/2 lambda T-antenna. Capacitive coupling between the coil elements and conductive samples (i.e. animals) is minimized by simply retaining the shield of the coaxial cable for the area of voltage maxima. The lambda coil exhibited excellent performance as a volume coil with a high quality factor and highly homogeneous rf fields. Because of its dramatically simple architecture and excellent performance, the lambda coil configuration appears to be an economical alternative to the original van Vaals-Bergman design, especially for research facilities with a high field magnet and limited bore space.

Wind and boundary layers in Rayleigh-Bénard convection. II. Boundary layer character and scaling.

PubMed

van Reeuwijk, Maarten; Jonker, Harm J J; Hanjalić, Kemo

2008-03-01

The scaling of the kinematic boundary layer thickness lambda(u) and the friction factor C(f) at the top and bottom walls of Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS). By a detailed analysis of the friction factor, a new parameterisation for C(f) and lambda(u) is proposed. The simulations were made of an L/H=4 aspect-ratio domain with periodic lateral boundary conditions at Ra=(10(5), 10(6), 10(7), 10(8)) and Pr=1. The continuous spectrum, as well as significant forcing due to Reynolds stresses, clearly indicates a turbulent character of the boundary layer, while viscous effects cannot be neglected, judging from the scaling of classical integral boundary layer parameters with Reynolds number. Using a conceptual wind model, we find that the friction factor C(f) should scale proportionally to the thermal boundary layer thickness as C(f) proportional variant lambda(Theta)/H, while the kinetic boundary layer thickness lambda(u) scales inversely proportionally to the thermal boundary layer thickness and wind Reynolds number lambda(u)/H proportional variant (lambda(Theta)/H)(-1)Re(-1). The predicted trends for C(f) and lambda(u) are in agreement with DNS results.

Neurotoxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonyl butoxide in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus.

PubMed

Piner, Petek; Üner, Nevin

2014-11-01

The objective of this research was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin by the modulation of cytochrome P450 with piperonyl butoxide in the brain of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.48 μg L(-1) (1/6 of the 96-h LC50 ) lambda-cyhalothrin and 10 μg L(-1) piperonyl butoxide for 96 h and 15 days. tGSH, GSSG, TBARS contents, GPx, GR, GST, and AChE enzymes activities were determined by spectrophotometrical methods and Hsp70 content was analyzed by ELISA technique. Lambda-cyhalothrin had no significant effect on the components of GSH redox system, lipid peroxidation and Hsp70 levels but inhibited AChE activity. In the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused increases in tGSH, GSSG, TBARS and Hsp70 contents, GST activity, and decrease in AChE activity. Present results showed that in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused neurotoxic effects by increasing oxidative stress. Adaptation to its oxidative stress effects may be supplied by GSH-related antioxidant system. Piperonyl butoxide revealed neurotoxic effect of lambda-cyhalothrin. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.

Preliminary use of nematic liquid crystal adaptive optics with a 2.16-meter reflecting telescope.

PubMed

Cao, Zhaoliang; Mu, Quanquan; Hu, Lifa; Li, Dayu; Peng, Zenghui; Liu, Yonggang; Xuan, Li

2009-02-16

A nematic liquid crystal adaptive optics system (NLC AOS) was assembled for a 2.16-m telescope to correct for atmospheric turbulence. LC AOS was designed and optimized with Zemax optical software. Second, an adaptive correction experiment was performed in the laboratory to test the performance of the NLC AOS. After the correction, the peak to valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) of the wavefront were down to 0.2 lambda (lambda=633 nm) and 0.05 lambda, respectively. Finally, the star of Pollux (beta Gem) was tracked using the 2.16-m Reflecting Telescope, and real time correction of the atmospheric turbulence was performed with the NLC AOS. After the adaptive correction, the average PV and RMS of the wavefront were reduced from 11 lambda and 2.5 lambda to 2.3 lambda and 0.6 lambda, respectively. Although the intensity distribution of the beta Gem was converged and its peak was sharp, a halo still existed around the peak. These results indicated that the NLC AOS only partially corrected the vertical atmospheric turbulence. The limitations of our NLC AOS are discussed and some proposals are made.

Cysteine Racemization on IgG Heavy and Light Chains

PubMed Central

Zhang, Qingchun; Flynn, Gregory C.

2013-01-01

Under basic pH conditions, the heavy chain 220-light chain 214 (H220-L214) disulfide bond, found in the flexible hinge region of an IgG1, can convert to a thioether. Similar conditions also result in racemization of the H220 cysteine. Here, we report that racemization occurs on both H220 and L214 on an IgG1 with a λ light chain (IgG1λ) but almost entirely on H220 of an IgGl with a κ light chain (IgG1κ) under similar conditions. Likewise, racemization was detected at significant levels on H220 and L214 on endogenous human IgG1λ but only at the H220 position on IgG1κ. Low but measurable levels of d-cysteines were found on IgG2 cysteines in the hinge region, both with monoclonal antibodies incubated under basic pH conditions and on antibodies isolated from human serum. A simplified reaction mechanism involving reversible β-elimination on the cysteine is presented that accounts for both base-catalyzed racemization and thioether formation at the hinge disulfide. PMID:24142697

A traffic signal for heterodimeric amino acid transporters to transfer from the ER to the Golgi.

PubMed

Ganapathy, Vadivel

2009-01-15

Heterodimeric amino acid transporters represent a unique class of transport systems that consist of a light chain that serves as the 'transporter proper' and a heavy chain that is necessary for targeting the complex to the plasma membrane. The currently prevailing paradigm assigns no role for the light chains in the cellular processing of these transporters. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Sakamoto et al. provide evidence contrary to this paradigm. Their studies with the rBAT -b(0,+)AT (related to b(0,+) amino acid transporter-b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter) heterodimeric amino acid transporter show that the C-terminus of the light chain b(0,+)AT contains a sequence motif that serves as the traffic signal for the transfer of the heterodimeric complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. This is a novel function for the light chain in addition to its already established role as the subunit responsible for the transport activity. These new findings also seem to be applicable to other heterodimeric amino acid transporters as well.

Light-responsive expansion-contraction of spherical nanoparticle grafted with azopolymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Jie; Zhang, Xinghua; Miao, Bing; Yan, Dadong

2017-04-01

Due to the very importance for both fundamental research and technological applications, smart materials with stimuli-responsive properties have been studied intensively. Theoretical investigation contributes to this endeavor through constructing and analyzing a model system which captures main features of the corresponding complex material, wherefrom useful insight can be provided to the trial-and-error experiments. We here report a theoretical study on the smart spherical nanoparticle grafted with light-responsive azobenzene-containing polymers. Utilizing the photoisomerization ability of the azobenzene group, nanoparticles can undergo a light-induced expansion-contraction transition. The wormlike chain based single chain in mean field theory, which has been developed by us recently, is used to investigate this transition in detail. Exploring a large parameter space, our results definitely determine the parameters, including the chain length and effective Kuhn length of grafted chain, nanoparticle radius, grafting density, and position of the azobenzene group along the chain contour, to admit optimum light-responsive behavior of the smart nanoparticle, which provides a guide for experimentalists to design this type of material in a rational manner.

Optical characterization of the oceanic unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus grown under a day-night cycle in natural irradiance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stramski, Dariusz; Shalapyonok, Alexi; Reynolds, Rick A.

1995-01-01

The optical properties of the ocenanic cyanobacterium Synechococcus (clone WH8103) were examined in a nutrient-replete laboratory culture grown under a day-night cycle in natural irradiance. Measurements of the spectral absorption and beam attenuation coefficients, the size distribution of cells in suspension, and microscopic analysis of samples were made at intervals of 2-4 hours for 2 days. These measurements were used to calculate the optical properties at the level of a single 'mean' cell representative of the acutal population, specifically, the optical cross sections for spectral absorption bar-(sigma(sub a)), scattering bar-sigma(sub b))(lambda), and attentuation bar-(sigma(sub c))(lambda). In addition, concurrent determinations of chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon allowed calculation of the Chl a- and C-specific optical coefficients. The refractive index of cells was derived from the observed data using a theory of light absorption and scattering by homogeneous spheres. Low irradiance because of cloudy skies resulted in slow division rates of cells in the culture. The percentage of dividing cells was unusually high (greater than 30%) throughout the experiment. The optical cross sections varied greatly over a day-night cycle, with a minimum near dawn or midmorning and maximum near dusk. During daylight hours, bar-(sigma(sub b)) and bar-(sigma(sub c)) can increase more than twofold and bar-(sigma(sub a) by as much as 45%. The real part of the refractive index n increaed during the day; changes in n had equal or greater effect than the varying size distribution on changes in bar-(sigma(sub c)) and bar-(sigma(sub b)). The contribution of changes in n to the increase of bar-(sigma(sub c))(660) during daylight hours was 65.7% and 45.1% on day 1 and 2, respectively. During the dark period, when bar-(sigma(sub c))(660) decreased by a factor of 2.9, the effect of decreasing n was dominant (86.3%). With the exception of a few hours during the second light period, the imaginary part of the refractive index n' showed little variation over a day-night cycle, and bar-(sigma(sub a)) was largely controlled by variations in cell size. The real part of the refractive index at lambda = 660 nm was correlated with the intracellular C concentration and the imaginary part at lambda = 678 nm with the intracellular Chl a concentration. The C-specfic attenuation coefficient showed significant diel variability, which has implications for the estimation of oceanic primary production from measurements of diel variability in beam attenuation. This study provides strong evidence that diel variability is an important component of the optical characterization of marine phytoplankton.

Effects of tag loss on direct estimates of population growth rate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rotella, J.J.; Hines, J.E.

2005-01-01

The temporal symmetry approach of R. Pradel can be used with capture-recapture data to produce retrospective estimates of a population's growth rate, lambda(i), and the relative contributions to lambda(i) from different components of the population. Direct estimation of lambda(i) provides an alternative to using population projection matrices to estimate asymptotic lambda and is seeing increased use. However, the robustness of direct estimates of lambda(1) to violations of several key assumptions has not yet been investigated. Here, we consider tag loss as a possible source of bias for scenarios in which the rate of tag loss is (1) the same for all marked animals in the population and (2) a function of tag age. We computed analytic approximations of the expected values for each of the parameter estimators involved in direct estimation and used those values to calculate bias and precision for each parameter estimator. Estimates of lambda(i) were robust to homogeneous rates of tag loss. When tag loss rates varied by tag age, bias occurred for some of the sampling situations evaluated, especially those with low capture probability, a high rate of tag loss, or both. For situations with low rates of tag loss and high capture probability, bias was low and often negligible. Estimates of contributions of demographic components to lambda(i) were not robust to tag loss. Tag loss reduced the precision of all estimates because tag loss results in fewer marked animals remaining available for estimation. Clearly tag loss should be prevented if possible, and should be considered in analyses of lambda(i), but tag loss does not necessarily preclude unbiased estimation of lambda(i).

Cholinergic dysfunctions and enhanced oxidative stress in the neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in developing rats.

PubMed

Ansari, Reyaz W; Shukla, Rajendra K; Yadav, Rajesh S; Seth, Kavita; Pant, Aditya B; Singh, Dhirendra; Agrawal, Ashok K; Islam, Fakhrul; Khanna, Vinay K

2012-11-01

This study is focused on understanding the mechanism of neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, a new generation type II synthetic pyrethroid in developing rats following their exposure from post-lactational day (PLD)22 to PLD49 and investigate whether neurobehavioral alterations are transient or persistent. Post-lactational exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) affected grip strength and learning activity in rats on PLD50 and the persistent impairment of grip strength and learning was observed at 15 days after withdrawal of exposure on PLD65. A decrease in the binding of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors in frontocortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar membranes associated with decreased expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hippocampus was observed following exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin on PLD50 and PLD65. Exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin was also found to increase the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampus of rats on PLD50 and PLD65 as compared to controls. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels and decreased levels of reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in brain regions of lambda-cyhalothrin exposed rats were distinctly observed indicating increased oxidative stress. Inhibition of ChAT and AChE activity may cause down-regulation of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors consequently impairing learning activity in developing rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin. The data further indicate that long-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin at low doses may be detrimental and changes in selected behavioral and neurochemical end points may persist if exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin continues.

Bacteriophage lambda: early pioneer and still relevant

PubMed Central

Casjens, Sherwood R.; Hendrix, Roger W.

2015-01-01

Molecular genetic research on bacteriophage lambda carried out during its golden age from the mid 1950's to mid 1980's was critically important in the attainment of our current understanding of the sophisticated and complex mechanisms by which the expression of genes is controlled, of DNA virus assembly and of the molecular nature of lysogeny. The development of molecular cloning techniques, ironically instigated largely by phage lambda researchers, allowed many phage workers to switch their efforts to other biological systems. Nonetheless, since that time the ongoing study of lambda and its relatives have continued to give important new insights. In this review we give some relevant early history and describe recent developments in understanding the molecular biology of lambda's life cycle. PMID:25742714

The Protein Interaction Network of Bacteriophage Lambda with Its Host, Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Blasche, Sonja; Wuchty, Stefan; Rajagopala, Seesandra V.

2013-01-01

Although most of the 73 open reading frames (ORFs) in bacteriophage λ have been investigated intensively, the function of many genes in host-phage interactions remains poorly understood. Using yeast two-hybrid screens of all lambda ORFs for interactions with its host Escherichia coli, we determined a raw data set of 631 host-phage interactions resulting in a set of 62 high-confidence interactions after multiple rounds of retesting. These links suggest novel regulatory interactions between the E. coli transcriptional network and lambda proteins. Targeted host proteins and genes required for lambda infection are enriched among highly connected proteins, suggesting that bacteriophages resemble interaction patterns of human viruses. Lambda tail proteins interact with both bacterial fimbrial proteins and E. coli proteins homologous to other phage proteins. Lambda appears to dramatically differ from other phages, such as T7, because of its unusually large number of modified and processed proteins, which reduces the number of host-virus interactions detectable by yeast two-hybrid screens. PMID:24049175

Selection of Optical Glasses Using Buchdahl's Chromatic Coordinate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Griffin, DeVon W.

1999-01-01

This investigation attempted to extend the method of reducing the size of glass catalogs to a global glass selection technique with the hope of guiding glass catalog offerings. Buchdahl's development of optical aberration coefficients included a transformation of the variable in the dispersion equation from wavelength to a chromatic coordinate omega defined as omega = (lambda - lambda(sub 0))/ 1 + 2.5(lambda - lambda(sub 0)) where lambda is the wavelength at which the wavelength is calculated and lambda(sub 0) is a base wavelength about which the expansion is performed. The advantage of this approach is that the dispersion equation may be written in terms of a simple power series and permits direct calculation of dispersion coefficients. While several promising examples were given, a systematic application of the technique to an entire glass catalog and analysis of the subsequent predictions was not performed. The goal of this work was to apply the technique in a systematic fashion to glasses in the Schoft catalog and assess the quality of the predictions.

Exposure and health assessment during application of lambda-cyhalothrin for malaria vector control in Pakistan.

PubMed

Chester, G; Sabapathy, N N; Woollen, B H

1992-01-01

Icon 10 WP insecticide, a wettable powder formulation containing 10% lambda-cyhalothrin, was evaluated for possible adverse effects on the health of spraymen and villagers during treatment of dwellings for malaria vector control. Skin sensory effects and occasional coughing and sneezing in confined spaces were the only symptoms noted by the workers resulting from the handling and spraying of the insecticide. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin was estimated by determining its metabolites in urine and serum. The average amount of lambda-cyhalothrin absorbed by the workers per day (54 micrograms) represents less than 0.0001% (< 1 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) of the average daily amount of the substance handled. Only a small proportion of villagers showed detectable levels of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in their urine. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin from the formulation tested was therefore very low and, apart from the nuisance of skin sensory effects, there should be no risk to the health of workers or to the villagers whose dwellings are treated.

Exposure and health assessment during application of lambda-cyhalothrin for malaria vector control in Pakistan.

PubMed Central

Chester, G.; Sabapathy, N. N.; Woollen, B. H.

1992-01-01

Icon 10 WP insecticide, a wettable powder formulation containing 10% lambda-cyhalothrin, was evaluated for possible adverse effects on the health of spraymen and villagers during treatment of dwellings for malaria vector control. Skin sensory effects and occasional coughing and sneezing in confined spaces were the only symptoms noted by the workers resulting from the handling and spraying of the insecticide. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin was estimated by determining its metabolites in urine and serum. The average amount of lambda-cyhalothrin absorbed by the workers per day (54 micrograms) represents less than 0.0001% (< 1 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) of the average daily amount of the substance handled. Only a small proportion of villagers showed detectable levels of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in their urine. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin from the formulation tested was therefore very low and, apart from the nuisance of skin sensory effects, there should be no risk to the health of workers or to the villagers whose dwellings are treated. PMID:1464147

Two-dimensional energy spectra in high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandran, Dileep; Baidya, Rio; Monty, Jason P.; Marusic, Ivan

2017-09-01

Here we report the measurements of two-dimensional (2-D) spectra of the streamwise velocity ($u$) in a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. A novel experiment employing multiple hot-wire probes was carried out at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 2400 to 26000. Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis is used to convert temporal-spanwise information into a 2-D spatial spectrum which shows the contribution of streamwise ($\\lambda_x$) and spanwise ($\\lambda_y$) length scales to the streamwise variance at a given wall height ($z$). At low Reynolds numbers, the shape of the 2-D spectra at a constant energy level shows $\\lambda_y/z \\sim (\\lambda_x/z)^{1/2}$ behaviour at larger scales, which is in agreement with the existing literature at a matched Reynolds number obtained from direct numerical simulations. However, at high Reynolds numbers, it is observed that the square-root relationship tends towards a linear relationship ($\\lambda_y \\sim \\lambda_x$) as required for self-similarity and predicted by the attached eddy hypothesis.

Effects of Spinosad, Imidacloprid, and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Survival, Parasitism, and Reproduction of the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani.

PubMed

D'Ávila, Vinicius A; Barbosa, Wagner F; Guedes, Raul N C; Cutler, G Christopher

2018-05-28

Insecticides can affect biological control by parasitoids. Here, we examined the lethal and sublethal effects of two conventional insecticides, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, and a reduced-risk bioinsecticide, spinosad, on the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Concentration-mortality curves generated from insecticide residue bioassays found that wasps were nearly 20-fold more susceptible to spinosad than imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin. Imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin compromised adult parasitoid longevity, but not as dramatically as spinosad: concentrations >200 ng spinosad/cm2 reduced wasp longevity by half. Imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin also compromised aphid parasitism by wasps. Although increasing imidacloprid concentrations led to increased host viability and reduced progeny production, lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect viability of parasitized hosts or parasitoid progeny production in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that reduced risk bioinsecticide products like spinosad can be more toxic to biological control agents than certain conventional insecticides.

Effect of diurnal photosynthetic activity on the fine structure of amylopectin from normal and waxy barley starch.

PubMed

Goldstein, Avi; Annor, George; Blennow, Andreas; Bertoft, Eric

2017-09-01

The impact of diurnal photosynthetic activity on the fine structure of the amylopectin fraction of starch synthesized by normal barley (NBS) and waxy barley (WBS), the latter completely devoid of amylose biosynthesis, was determined following the cultivation under normal diurnal or constant light growing conditions. The amylopectin fine structures were analysed by characterizing its unit chain length profiles after enzymatic debranching as well as its φ,β-limit dextrins and its clusters and building blocks after their partial and complete hydrolysis with α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. Regardless of lighting conditions, no structural effects were found when comparing both the amylopectin side-chain distribution and the internal chain fragments of these amylopectins. However, the diurnally grown NBS and WBS both showed larger amylopectin clusters and these had lower branching density and longer average chain lengths than clusters derived from plants grown under constant light conditions. Amylopectin clusters from diurnally grown plants also consisted of a greater number of building blocks, and shorter inter-block chain lengths compared to clusters derived from plants grown under constant light. Our data demonstrate that the diurnal light regime influences the fine structure of the amylopectin component both in amylose and non-amylose starch granules. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp.

PubMed

Ge, Hongmei; Xia, Ling; Zhou, Xuping; Zhang, Delu; Hu, Chunxiang

2014-02-01

A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp.. EPS yield increased with light intensity. However, light intensity did not significantly affect the EPS fractions and monosaccharide composition. Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. Thus, light intensity affected the yield and nature of EPS.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Budker, D.; Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Rochester, S.M.

Recent work on {lambda} resonances in alkali-metal vapors (E. Mikhailov, I. Novikova, Yu. V. Rostovtsev, and G. R. Welch, e-print quant-ph/0309171, and references therein) investigated a type of electromagnetically induced absorption resonance that occurs in three-level systems under specific conditions normally associated with electromagnetically induced transparency. In this note, we show that these resonances have a direct analog in nonlinear magneto-optics, and support this conclusion with a calculation for a J=1{yields}J{sup '}=0 system interacting with a single, nearly circularly polarized light field in the presence of a weak longitudinal magnetic field.

At grade optical crossover for monolithic optial circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jamieson, Robert S. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

Planar optical circuits may be made to cross through each other, (thus eliminating extra steps required to fabricate elevated, nonintersecting crossovers) by control of the dimensions of the crossing light conductors (10, 12) to be significantly greater than d=0.89.lambda. and the angle of crossing as nearly 90.degree. as conveniently possible. A light trap may be provided just ahead of the intersection to trap any light being reflected in the source conductor at angles greater than about 45.degree.. The light trap may take the form of triangular shaped portions (16a, 16b) on each side of the source conductor with the far side of the triangular portion receiving incident light at an angle so that incident light will be reflected to the other side, or it may take the form of windows (18a, 18b) in place of the triangular portions. Planar optical circuit boards (21-23) may be fabricated and stacked to form a keyboard (20) with intersecting conductors (26-29) and keyholes (0-9) where conductors merge at the broad side of the circuit boards. These keyholes may be prearranged to form an array or matrix of keyholes.

Peginterferon Lambda-1a Is Associated with a Low Incidence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Chronic Hepatitis C.

PubMed

Fredlund, Paul; Hillson, Jan; Gray, Todd; Shemanski, Lynn; Dimitrova, Dessislava; Srinivasan, Subasree

2015-11-01

Peginterferon alfa (alfa) increases the risk of autoimmune disease. Peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) acts through a receptor with a more liver-specific distribution compared to the alfa receptor. In a phase-2b study, 525 treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection received ribavirin and Lambda interferon (120, 180, or 240 μg) or alfa interferon (180 μg) for 24 (genotypes 2 and 3) or 48 (genotypes 1 and 4) weeks. Retrospective analysis found that adverse events of MedDRA-coded thyroid dysfunction and abnormal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly more frequent with alfa versus Lambda (12% versus 2.6% and 15.2% versus 3.4%, respectively, both P<0.0001). Most Lambda recipients with abnormal TSH had levels below the lower limit of normal; the frequency of low and high TSH was similar in alfa recipients with abnormal TSH. Blinded review by an endocrinologist found that new-onset primary hypothyroidism or painless thyroiditis was less frequent with Lambda versus alfa (0.5% and 1.8% versus 5.3% and 7.5%, respectively, P<0.0001). Most TSH elevations reflected new-onset hypothyroidism requiring treatment, while most markedly suppressed TSH values reflected probable painless thyroiditis and resolved without sequelae. In conclusion, HCV-infected patients treated with Lambda/ribavirin experienced fewer adverse events of thyroid dysfunction compared with patients treated with alfa/ribavirin.

Neutral-strange-particle production in 200-GeV/ c p /. pi. sup + / K sup + interactions on Au, Ag, and Mg

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brick, D.H.; Widgoff, M.; Beilliere, P.

1992-02-01

We have used the Fermilab 30-in. bubble-chamber--hybrid spectrometer to study neutral-strange-particle production in the interactions of 200-GeV/{ital c} protons and {pi}{sup +} and {ital K}{sup +} mesons with nuclei of gold, silver, and magnesium. Average multiplicities and inclusive cross sections for {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} are measured, and a power law is found to give a good description of their {ital A} dependence. The exponent characterizing the {ital A} dependence is consistent with being the same for {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} production, and also the same for proton and {pi}{sup +} beams. Average {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda}more » multiplicities, as well as their ratio, have been measured as functions of the numbers of projectile collisions {nu}{sub {ital p}} and secondary collisions {nu}{sub {ital s}} in the nucleus, and indicate that rescattering contributes significantly to enhancement of {Lambda} production but not to {ital K}{sup 0} production. The properties of events with multiple {ital K}{sup 0}'s or {Lambda}'s also corroborate this conclusion. {ital K}{sup 0} rapidities are in the central region and decrease gently with increasing {nu}{sub {ital p}}, while {Lambda} rapidities are in the target-fragmentation region and are independent of {nu}{sub {ital p}}. {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} multiplicities increase with the rapidity loss of the projectile, but their rapidities do not.« less

THERMALLY DRIVEN ATMOSPHERIC ESCAPE: TRANSITION FROM HYDRODYNAMIC TO JEANS ESCAPE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volkov, Alexey N.; Johnson, Robert E.; Tucker, Orenthal J.

2011-03-10

Thermally driven escape from planetary atmospheres changes in nature from an organized outflow (hydrodynamic escape) to escape on a molecule-by-molecule basis (Jeans escape) with increasing Jeans parameter, {lambda}, the ratio of the gravitational to thermal energy of the atmospheric molecules. This change is described here for the first time using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. When heating is predominantly below the lower boundary of the simulation region, R{sub 0}, and well below the exobase of a single-component atmosphere, the nature of the escape process changes over a surprisingly narrow range of Jeans parameters, {lambda}{sub 0}, evaluated at R{sub 0}.more » For an atomic gas, the transition occurs over {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2-3, where the lower bound, {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2.1, corresponds to the upper limit for isentropic, supersonic outflow. For {lambda}{sub 0} > 3 escape occurs on a molecule-by-molecule basis and we show that, contrary to earlier suggestions, for {lambda}{sub 0} > {approx}6 the escape rate does not deviate significantly from the familiar Jeans rate. In a gas composed of diatomic molecules, the transition shifts to {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2.4-3.6 and at {lambda}{sub 0} > {approx}4 the escape rate increases a few tens of percent over that for the monatomic gas. Scaling by the Jeans parameter and the Knudsen number, these results can be applied to thermally induced escape of the major species from solar and extrasolar planets.« less

Active Knowledge Structures for Natural Language Processing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

specialist belief: Assume there is a lambda-expression "(LAMBDA L) immed-type-ofL" and Z = ((LAMBDA L) immed-type-of L) ( thalassemia ), we can describe...SPEC) -> ([AVG-PERSON] -> (VAL-FOR) -> CGREEK-PLCE)3 This expresses the various levels of specialized knowledge of thalassemia , depending on

Readout signals calculated for near-field optical pickups with land and groove recording.

PubMed

Saito, K; Kishima, K; Ichimura, I

2000-08-10

Optical disk readout signals with a solid immersion lens (SIL) and the land-groove recording technique are calculated by use of a simplified vector-diffraction theory. In this method the full vector-diffraction theory is applied to calculate the diffracted light from the initial state of the disk, and the light scattered from the recorded marks is regarded as a perturbation. Using this method, we confirmed that the land-groove recording technique is effective as a means of cross-talk reduction even when the numerical aperture is more than 1. However, the top surface of the disk under the SIL must be flat, or the readout signal from marks recorded on a groove decays when the optical depth of the groove is greater than lambda/8.