Literacy shapes thought: the case of event representation in different cultures

PubMed Central

Dobel, Christian; Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie; Zwitserlood, Pienie; Bölte, Jens

2013-01-01

There has been a lively debate whether conceptual representations of actions or scenes follow a left-to-right spatial transient when participants depict such events or scenes. It was even suggested that conceptualizing the agent on the left side represents a universal. We review the current literature with an emphasis on event representation and on cross-cultural studies. While there is quite some evidence for spatial bias for representations of events and scenes in diverse cultures, their extent and direction depend on task demands, one‘s native language, and importantly, on reading and writing direction. Whether transients arise only in subject-verb-object languages, due to their linear sentential position of event participants, is still an open issue. We investigated a group of illiterate speakers of Yucatec Maya, a language with a predominant verb-object-subject structure. They were compared to illiterate native speakers of Spanish. Neither group displayed a spatial transient. Given the current literature, we argue that learning to read and write has a strong impact on representations of actions and scenes. Thus, while it is still under debate whether language shapes thought, there is firm evidence that literacy does. PMID:24795665

A Single-Display Groupware Collaborative Language Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calderón, Juan Felipe; Nussbaum, Miguel; Carmach, Ignacio; Díaz, Juan Jaime; Villalta, Marco

2016-01-01

Language learning tools have evolved to take into consideration new teaching models of collaboration and communication. While second language acquisition tasks have been taken online, the traditional language laboratory has remained unchanged. By continuing to follow its original configuration based on individual work, the language laboratory…

Perspectives on Europe: Language Issues and Language Planning in Europe.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liddicoat, Anthony J., Ed.; Muller, Karis, Ed.

This collection of papers includes the following: "Language Issues and Language Planning in Europe" (Anthony J. Liddicoat and Karis Muller); "Language and National Identity" (Peter M. Hill); "Language Planning, Linguistic Diversity and Democracy in Europe" (Anthony J. Liddicoat); "Language Competition in European…

Shaping Tourist LL: Language Display and the Sociolinguistic Background of an International Multilingual Readership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruyèl-Olmedo, Antonio; Juan-Garau, Maria

2015-01-01

Linguistic landscape studies increasingly focus on the variables that intertwine to generate the meaning of texts on display. International tourist resorts, largely multilingual, reveal how languages in signage combine and respond to the sociolinguistic profile of their readership. However, these settings have received scant attention in the…

Aspects of the linguistic competence of deaf children.

PubMed

Wood, D

1984-02-01

In this paper the following three issues are considered in the light of recent research: Do severely/profoundly deaf children develop a grammar for English? Evidence is presented which suggests that they do and that this grammar displays a number of general characteristics some of which parallel the language of younger hearing children, others that do not. The limitations of this grammar will be discussed and hypotheses about the nature, origins and inevitability of such limitations explored. In what ways do the linguistic experiences of deaf children differ from that of hearing children? Some aspects of the deaf child's experience of language will be explored and their linguistic and psychological implications discussed. The relationships between current research findings on the linguistic development of the deaf and the possibility of improved educational methods will also be explored to consider the various different philosophies currently being debated in this field.

A comprehensive strategy for designing a Web-based medical curriculum.

PubMed Central

Zucker, J.; Chase, H.; Molholt, P.; Bean, C.; Kahn, R. M.

1996-01-01

In preparing for a full featured online curriculum, it is necessary to develop scaleable strategies for software design that will support the pedagogical goals of the curriculum and which will address the issues of acquisition and updating of materials, of robust content-based linking, and of integration of the online materials into other methods of learning. A complete online curriculum, as distinct from an individual computerized module, must provide dynamic updating of both content and structure and an easy pathway from the professor's notes to the finished online product. At the College of Physicians and Surgeons, we are developing such strategies including a scripted text conversion process that uses the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as structural markup rather than as display markup, automated linking by the use of relational databases and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), integration of text, images, and multimedia along with interface designs which promote multiple contexts and collaborative study. PMID:8947624

Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grenoble, Lenore A., Ed.; Whaley, Lindsay J., Ed.

This edited volume provides an overview of issues surrounding language loss from sociological, economic, and linguistic perspectives. Four parts cover general issues in language loss; language-community responses, including native language instruction in school, community, and home; the value of language diversity and what is lost when a language…

Issues in Defining Software Architectures in a GIS Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Acosta, Jesus; Alvorado, Lori

1997-01-01

The primary mission of the Pan-American Center for Earth and Environmental Studies (PACES) is to advance the research areas that are relevant to NASA's Mission to Planet Earth program. One of the activities at PACES is the establishment of a repository for geographical, geological and environmental information that covers various regions of Mexico and the southwest region of the U.S. and that is acquired from NASA and other sources through remote sensing, ground studies or paper-based maps. The center will be providing access of this information to other government entities in the U.S. and Mexico, and research groups from universities, national laboratories and industry. Geographical Information Systems(GIS) provide the means to manage, manipulate, analyze and display geographically referenced information that will be managed by PACES. Excellent off-the-shelf software exists for a complete GIS as well as software for storing and managing spatial databases, processing images, networking and viewing maps with layered information. This allows the user flexibility in combining systems to create a GIS or to mix these software packages with custom-built application programs. Software architectural languages provide the ability to specify the computational components and interactions among these components, an important topic in the domain of GIS because of the need to integrate numerous software packages. This paper discusses the characteristics that architectural languages address with respect to the issues relating to the data that must be communicated between software systems and components when systems interact. The paper presents a background on GIS in section 2. Section 3 gives an overview of software architecture and architectural languages. Section 4 suggests issues that may be of concern when defining the software architecture of a GIS. The last section discusses the future research effort and finishes with a summary.

Foreign Language Display Library Catalog. Supplement to Studies in Language and Language Behavior, Progress Report VIII.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ann Arbor Public Schools, MI.

Designed as a tool for foreign language teachers attempting to keep updated on the constantly proliferating number of printed materials being produced for use in elementary and secondary school language classes, this catalog attempts to bring together in one collection a representative selection of foreign language texts, readers, workbooks, and…

Pedagogisch Tijdschrift (Journal of Pedagogy), 1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smeyers, Paul, Ed.; And Others

1993-01-01

This 6-issue, complete year of a Belgian-Dutch education (some with an English-language summary); reviews of new Dutch-language books; and titles from related Dutch-language journals. Issue 1 focuses on the professional development of teachers. Issue 2 deals primarily with parent education. Issue 3 addresses error analysis in children's…

Assessing Foreign Language Proficiency of Undergraduates. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teschner, Richard V., Ed.

This collection of papers includes: "Foreign Language Testing Today: Issues in Language Program Direction" (Frank Nuessel); "Assessing the Problems of Assessment" (M. Peter Hagiwara); "Testing in Foreign Language Programs and Testing Programs in Foreign Language Departments: Reflections and Recommendations" (Elizabeth…

The Persistence and Functional Impact of English Language Difficulties Experienced by Children Learning English as an Additional Language and Monolingual Peers

PubMed Central

Whiteside, Katie E.

2017-01-01

Purpose This study explored whether a monolingual-normed English language battery could identify children with English as an additional language (EAL) who have persistent English language learning difficulties that affect functional academic attainment. Method Children with EAL (n = 43) and monolingual English-speaking children (n = 46) completed a comprehensive monolingual-normed English language battery in Year 1 (ages 5–6 years) and Year 3 (ages 7–8 years). Children with EAL and monolingual peers, who either met monolingual criteria for language impairment or typical development on the language battery in Year 1, were compared on language growth between Year 1 and Year 3 and on attainment in national curriculum assessments in Year 2 (ages 6–7 years). Results Children with EAL and monolingual peers who met monolingual criteria for language impairment in Year 1 continued to display comparably impaired overall language ability 2 years later in Year 3. Moreover, these groups displayed comparably low levels of academic attainment in Year 2, demonstrating comparable functional impact of their language difficulties. Conclusion Monolingual-normed language batteries in the majority language may have some practical value for identifying bilingual children who need support with language learning, regardless of the origin of their language difficulties. PMID:28617919

English and Thai Speakers' Perception of Mandarin Tones

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Ying

2016-01-01

Language learners' language experience is predicted to display a significant effect on their accurate perception of foreign language sounds (Flege, 1995). At the superasegmental level, there is still a debate regarding whether tone language speakers are better able to perceive foreign lexical tones than non-tone language speakers (i.e Lee et al.,…

Perceptions Displayed by Novice Programmers When Exploring the Relationship Between Modularization Ability and Performance in the C++ Programming Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vodounon, Maurice A.

2004-01-01

The primary purpose of this study was to analyze different perceptions displayed by novice programmers in the C++ programming language, and determine if modularization ability could be improved by an instructional treatment that concentrated on solving computer programs from previously existing modules. This study attempted to answer the following…

The impact of time on predicate forms in the manual modality: Signers, homesigners, and silent gesturers*

PubMed Central

Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2014-01-01

It is difficult to create spoken forms that can be understood on the spot. But the manual modality, in large part because of its iconic potential, allows us to construct forms that are immediately understood, thus requiring essentially no time to develop. This paper contrasts manual forms for actions produced over 3 time spans—by silent gesturers who are asked to invent gestures on the spot; by homesigners who have created gesture systems over their lifespans; and by signers who have learned a conventional sign language from other signers—and finds that properties of the predicate differ across these time spans. Silent gesturers use location to establish co-reference in the way established sign languages do, but show little evidence of the segmentation sign languages display in motion forms for manner and path, and little evidence of the finger complexity sign languages display in handshapes in predicates representing events. Homesigners, in contrast, not only use location to establish co-reference, but also display segmentation in their motion forms for manner and path and finger complexity in their object handshapes, although they have not yet decreased finger complexity to the levels found in sign languages in their handling handshapes. The manual modality thus allows us to watch language as it grows, offering insight into factors that may have shaped and may continue to shape human language. PMID:25329421

Research Issues and Language Program Direction. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heilenman, L. Kathy, Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into two parts. After "Introduction" (L. Kathy Heilenman), Part 1, "Research and Language Program Directors: The Relationship," includes "Research Domains and Language Program Direction" (Bill VanPatten); "Language Program Direction and the Modernist Agenda" (Celeste…

Development of the Field-Induced Electron Injection and Impact Ionization (F4I) Technique for Radiation Hardness Testing of MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) Gate Insulators.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Applesoft language, a variant of floating-point BASIC that is supplied with the computer. As an intepreted language, Apple- soft BASIC executes fairly...fit with (VI , II ) array. I 8400 Sound bell and display warning when current limit exceeded. 8500-8510 Output HV pulse, read and display amplitude

Critical Issues in Language and Education Planning in Twenty First Century in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brook Napier, Diane

2011-01-01

Language and education planning issues and democratic policy implementation in the post-apartheid era in South Africa encompass a range of language-related issues and dilemmas that have counterparts in many countries, within the emerging global education system. The issues in South Africa were and continue to be shaped by the historical legacy of…

Issues in English Language Development. Proceedings of a Conference on Issues in English Language Development for Minority Language Education (Arlington, Virginia, July 24, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

InterAmerica Research Associates, Rosslyn, VA.

Papers presented in this conference report include: "Overview of Theories of Language Learning and Acquisition" (Diane Larsen-Freeman); "A Theory of Strategy-Oriented Language Development" (Michael Canale); "Motivation, Intelligence, and Access: A Theoretical Framework for the Education of Minority Language Students" (Edward De Avila); "Second…

Achieving Academic Control in Two Languages: Drawing on the Psychology of Language Learning in Considering the Past, the Present, and Prospects for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Andrew D.

2015-01-01

This paper first considers what it means to become truly proficient in a language other than the native one. It then looks briefly at the evolution of dual language programs. Next, it focuses on the issue of whether the first language (L1) or the second language (L2) serves as the language of mediation. Other dual language program issues are then…

Contemporary Reflections on Speech-Based Language Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gustafson, Marianne

2009-01-01

In "The Relation of Language to Mental Development and of Speech to Language Teaching," S.G. Davidson displayed several timeless insights into the role of speech in developing language and reasons for using speech as the basis for instruction for children who are deaf and hard of hearing. His understanding that speech includes more than merely…

The VIS-AD data model: Integrating metadata and polymorphic display with a scientific programming language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hibbard, William L.; Dyer, Charles R.; Paul, Brian E.

1994-01-01

The VIS-AD data model integrates metadata about the precision of values, including missing data indicators and the way that arrays sample continuous functions, with the data objects of a scientific programming language. The data objects of this data model form a lattice, ordered by the precision with which they approximate mathematical objects. We define a similar lattice of displays and study visualization processes as functions from data lattices to display lattices. Such functions can be applied to visualize data objects of all data types and are thus polymorphic.

The Language Teacher, 2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swanson, Malcolm, Ed.; Long, Robert, Ed.

These issues of "The Language Teacher" examine second language learning issues in Japan, focusing on such topics as the following: language educators and labor law; using videofeedback to nurture self-monitoring skills; learning diaries in learner training; English for special learners; developing listening subskills with trivia;…

Languages Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Response to the 2011 Research Centre for Languages and Cultures RCLC Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Anne-Marie

2011-01-01

The Research Centre for Languages and Cultures (RCLC) at the University of South Australia hosts an annual symposium on current issues related to languages and language education. The hallmark of the RCLC symposia is that they intend to raise critical, current issues in the languages field for wider debate, include presenting cutting edge research…

Unit Testing and Remote Display Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Costa, Nicholas

2014-01-01

The Kennedy Space Center is currently undergoing an extremely interesting transitional phase. The final Space Shuttle mission, STS-135, was completed in July of 2011. NASA is now approaching a new era of space exploration. The development of the Orion Multi- Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) and the Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle that will launch the Orion are currently in progress. An important part of this transition involves replacing the Launch Processing System (LPS) which was previously used to process and launch Space Shuttles and their associated hardware. NASA is creating the Spaceport Command and Control System (SCCS) to replace the LPS. The SCCS will be much simpler to maintain and improve during the lifetime of the spaceflight program that it will support. The Launch Control System (LCS) is a portion of the SCCS that will be responsible for launching the rockets and spacecraft. The Integrated Launch Operations Applications (ILOA) group of SCCS is responsible for creating displays and scripts, both remote and local, that will be used to monitor and control hardware and systems needed to launch a spacecraft. It is crucial that the software contained within be thoroughly tested to ensure that it functions as intended. Unit tests must be written in Application Control Language (ACL), the scripting language used by LCS. These unit tests must ensure complete code coverage to safely guarantee there are no bugs or any kind of issue with the software.

Automatic generation of natural language nursing shift summaries in neonatal intensive care: BT-Nurse.

PubMed

Hunter, James; Freer, Yvonne; Gatt, Albert; Reiter, Ehud; Sripada, Somayajulu; Sykes, Cindy

2012-11-01

Our objective was to determine whether and how a computer system could automatically generate helpful natural language nursing shift summaries solely from an electronic patient record system, in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A system was developed which automatically generates partial NICU shift summaries (for the respiratory and cardiovascular systems), using data-to-text technology. It was evaluated for 2 months in the NICU at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, under supervision. In an on-ward evaluation, a substantial majority of the summaries was found by outgoing and incoming nurses to be understandable (90%), and a majority was found to be accurate (70%), and helpful (59%). The evaluation also served to identify some outstanding issues, especially with regard to extra content the nurses wanted to see in the computer-generated summaries. It is technically possible automatically to generate limited natural language NICU shift summaries from an electronic patient record. However, it proved difficult to handle electronic data that was intended primarily for display to the medical staff, and considerable engineering effort would be required to create a deployable system from our proof-of-concept software. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

When does a system become phonological? Handshape production in gesturers, signers, and homesigners

PubMed Central

Coppola, Marie; Mazzoni, Laura; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2013-01-01

Sign languages display remarkable crosslinguistic consistencies in the use of handshapes. In particular, handshapes used in classifier predicates display a consistent pattern in finger complexity: classifier handshapes representing objects display more finger complexity than those representing how objects are handled. Here we explore the conditions under which this morphophonological phenomenon arises. In Study 1, we ask whether hearing individuals in Italy and the United States, asked to communicate using only their hands, show the same pattern of finger complexity found in the classifier handshapes of two sign languages: Italian Sign Language (LIS) and American Sign Language (ASL). We find that they do not: gesturers display more finger complexity in handling handshapes than in object handshapes. The morphophonological pattern found in conventional sign languages is therefore not a codified version of the pattern invented by hearing individuals on the spot. In Study 2, we ask whether continued use of gesture as a primary communication system results in a pattern that is more similar to the morphophonological pattern found in conventional sign languages or to the pattern found in gesturers. Homesigners have not acquired a signed or spoken language and instead use a self-generated gesture system to communicate with their hearing family members and friends. We find that homesigners pattern more like signers than like gesturers: their finger complexity in object handshapes is higher than that of gesturers (indeed as high as signers); and their finger complexity in handling handshapes is lower than that of gesturers (but not quite as low as signers). Generally, our findings indicate two markers of the phonologization of handshape in sign languages: increasing finger complexity in object handshapes, and decreasing finger complexity in handling handshapes. These first indicators of phonology appear to be present in individuals developing a gesture system without benefit of a linguistic community. Finally, we propose that iconicity, morphology and phonology each play an important role in the system of sign language classifiers to create the earliest markers of phonology at the morphophonological interface. PMID:23723534

Language in context: Characterizing the comprehension of referential expressions with MEG.

PubMed

Brodbeck, Christian; Pylkkänen, Liina

2017-02-15

A critical component of comprehending language in context is identifying the entities that individual linguistic expressions refer to. While previous research has shown that language comprehenders resolve reference quickly and incrementally, little is currently known about the neural basis of successful reference resolution. Using source localized MEG, we provide evidence across 3 experiments and 2 languages that successful reference resolution in simple visual displays is associated with increased activation in the medial parietal lobe. In each trial, participants saw a simple visual display containing three objects which constituted the referential domain. Target referential expressions were embedded in questions about the displays. By varying the displays, we manipulated referential status while keeping the linguistic expressions constant. Follow-up experiments addressed potential interactions of reference resolution with linguistic predictiveness and pragmatic plausibility. Notably, we replicated the effect in Arabic, a language that differs in a structurally informative way from English while keeping referential aspects parallel to our two English studies. Distributed minimum norm estimates of MEG data consistently indicated that reference resolution is associated with increased activity in the medial parietal lobe. With one exception, the timing of the onset of the medial parietal response fell into a mid-latency time-window at 350-500ms after the onset of the resolving word. Through concurrent EEG recordings on a subset of subjects we also describe the EEG topography of the effect of reference resolution, which makes the result available for comparison with a larger existing literature. Our results extend previous reports that medial parietal lobe is involved in referential language processing, indicating that it is relevant for reference resolution to individual referents, and suggests avenues for future research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Literacy at a Distance in Multilingual Contexts: Issues and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ofulue, Christine I.

2011-01-01

Literacy is perhaps the most fundamental skill required for effective participation in education (formal and non-formal) for national development. At the same time, the choice of language for literacy is a complex issue in multilingual societies like Nigeria. This paper examines the issues involved, namely language policy, language and teacher…

Communicative Language Testing: Current Issues and Future Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harding, Luke

2014-01-01

This article discusses a range of current issues and future research possibilities in Communicative Language Testing (CLT) using, as its departure point, the key questions which emerged during the CLT symposium at the 2010 Language Testing Forum. The article begins with a summary of the 2010 symposium discussion in which three main issues related…

Genes, language, cognition, and culture: towards productive inquiry.

PubMed

Fitch, W Tecumseh

2011-04-01

The Queen Mary conference on “Integrating Genetic and Cultural Evolutionary Approaches to Language,” and the papers in this special issue, clearly illustrate the excitement and potential of trans-disciplinary approaches to language as an evolved biological capacity (phylogeny) and an evolving cultural entity (glossogeny). Excepting the present author, the presenters/authors are mostly young rising stars in their respective fields, and include scientists with backgrounds in linguistics, animal communication, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, anthropology, and computer science. On display was a clear willingness to engage with different approaches and terminology and a commitment to shared standards of scientific rigor, empirically driven theory, and logical argument. Because the papers assembled here, together with the introduction, speak for themselves, I will focus in this “extro-duction” on some of the terminological and conceptual difficulties which threaten to block this exciting wave of scientific progress in understanding language evolution, in both senses of that term. In particular I will first argue against the regrettably widespread practice of opposing cultural and genetic explanations of human cognition as if they were dichotomous. Second, I will unpack the debate concerning “general-purpose” and “domain-specific” mechanisms, which masquerades as a debate about nativism but is nothing of the sort. I believe that framing discussions of language in these terms has generated more heat than light, and that a modern molecular understanding of genes, development, behavior, and evolution renders many of the assumptions underlying this debate invalid.

Temps d'Educacio. Revista de la Divisio de Ciencies de l'Educacio (Educational Times. Journal of the Education Sciences Department. Volumes 1 & 2).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Temps d'Educacio, 1989

1989-01-01

Each of the 12 issues of this Catalan-language journal offers book reviews and articles on general issues in education. Some issues contain a Spanish-language translation of the Catalan articles; issues 3 and later contain only Spanish-, English- and French-language abstracts of included articles with keyword references. Number 1 (1st. semester…

Paradoxes of Social Networking in a Structured Web 2.0 Language Learning Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loiseau, Mathieu; Zourou, Katerina

2012-01-01

This paper critically inquires into social networking as a set of mechanisms and associated practices developed in a structured Web 2.0 language learning community. This type of community can be roughly described as learning spaces featuring (more or less) structured language learning resources displaying at least some notions of language learning…

First Steps to Endangered Language Documentation: The Kalasha Language, a Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mela-Athanasopoulou, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

The present paper based on extensive fieldwork D conducted on Kalasha, an endangered language spoken in the three small valleys in Chitral District of Northwestern Pakistan, exposes a spontaneous dialogue-based elicitation of linguistic material used for the description and documentation of the language. After a brief display of the basic typology…

Lexical Competition during Second-Language Listening: Sentence Context, but Not Proficiency, Constrains Interference from the Native Lexicon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chambers, Craig G.; Cooke, Hilary

2009-01-01

A spoken language eye-tracking methodology was used to evaluate the effects of sentence context and proficiency on parallel language activation during spoken language comprehension. Nonnative speakers with varying proficiency levels viewed visual displays while listening to French sentences (e.g., "Marie va decrire la poule" [Marie will…

Eskimo Word Order Variation and Its Contact-Induced Perturbation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fortescue, Michael

1993-01-01

Although Eskimo languages are commonly characterized as displaying rather "free" word order compared to major western European languages, West Greenlandic (WG) has a clearly dominant, pragmatically neutral ordering pattern. It is argued that WG behaves more like Slavic languages. (Contains 36 references.) (LB)

Rethinking foundations of language from a multidisciplinary perspective.

PubMed

Gong, Tao; Shuai, Lan; Wu, Yicheng

2018-04-21

The issue of language foundations has been of great controversy ever since it was first raised in Lenneberg's (1967) monograph Biological Foundations of Language. Based on a survey of recent findings relevant to the study of language acquisition and evolution, we propose that: (i) the biological predispositions for language are largely domain-general, not necessarily language-specific or human-unique; (ii) the socio-cultural environment of language serves as another important foundation of language, which helps shape language components, induce and drive language shift; and (iii) language must have coevolved with the cognitive mechanisms associated with it through intertwined biological and cultural evolution. In addition to theoretical issues, this paper also evaluates the primary approaches recently joining the endeavor of studying language foundations and evolution, including human experiments and computer simulations. Most of the evidence surveyed in this paper comes from a variety of disciplines, and methodology therein complements each other to form a global picture of language foundations. These reflect the complexity of the issue of language foundations and the necessity of taking a multidisciplinary perspective to address it. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exploring Gender Issues across Cultures: A Literature Based Whole Language Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lo, Yi-Hsuan Gloria

This paper explores the whole language approach to teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) in the context of gender issues. More specifically, this study is focused on teaching ESL to university freshman in Taiwan. The whole language approach is used for two reasons: language can best be learned when it kept as a whole--especially with…

Japan Association of Language Teachers Journal (JALT). 1982-1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Japan Association of Language Teaching Journal, 1982

1982-01-01

This compilation of four issues of the Japan Association of Language Teachers Journal (JALT) covers the years 1982-1984. The four issues contain a total of 21 articles, as follows: "Communicative Needs in Foreign Language Learning" (Jack C. Richards); "Language Proficiency Interview Testing" (David J. Keitges);…

Bilingual Children's Long-Term Outcomes in English as a Second Language: Language Environment Factors Shape Individual Differences in Catching up with Monolinguals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paradis, Johanne; Jia, Ruiting

2017-01-01

Bilingual children experience more variation in their language environment than monolingual children and this impacts their rate of language development with respect to monolinguals. How long it takes for bilingual children learning English as a second language (L2) to display similar abilities to monolingual age-peers has been estimated to be 4-6…

Politics and Education in Puerto Rico: A Documentary Survey of the Language Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epstein, Erwin H., Comp.

This compilation, which is divided into three parts, brings together essays and documents representing a wide variety of views of the language question, especially as that issue relates to prospects for statehood and independence. Part 1 provides a general overview of the school language issue and evaluates the role that North American leaders…

A Cognitive Approach to the Development of Early Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J.

2009-01-01

A controversial issue in the field of language development is whether language emergence and growth is dependent solely on processes specifically tied to language or could also depend on basic cognitive processes that affect all aspects of cognitive competence (domain-general processes). The present article examines this issue using a large…

Strengthening Foreign Language Professional Organizations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunham, Lowell

1971-01-01

The leitmotif of this address, inspired by lines found in William B. Yeats'"The Second Coming", underscores the need for a greater display of solidarity of language teachers through increased participation in professional associations. The work of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) is discussed and noted to be vital…

Teacher Knowledge of Basic Language Concepts and Dyslexia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washburn, Erin K.; Joshi, R. Malatesha; Binks-Cantrell, Emily S.

2011-01-01

Roughly one-fifth of the US population displays one or more symptoms of dyslexia: a specific learning disability that affects an individual's ability to process written language. Consequently, elementary school teachers are teaching students who struggle with inaccurate or slow reading, poor spelling, poor writing, and other language processing…

Language Policy in Education and Its Affect in Cyprus Issues on the Development of Identity and Interethnic Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karmellou, Christalla

2008-01-01

The paper discusses educational and language policy issues within the context of the Greek Cypriot education as prescribed by the constitutional provisions of the 1960s settlement. In view of the prospect of unification in Cyprus, the author examines the role of language educational policy in future peace building. Key issues regarding ethnic…

Generic screen representations for future-proof systems, is it possible? There is more to a GUI than meets the eye.

PubMed

van der Linden, Helma; Austin, Tony; Talmon, Jan

2009-09-01

Future-proof EHR systems must be capable of interpreting information structures for medical concepts that were not available at the build-time of the system. The two-model approach of CEN 13606/openEHR using archetypes achieves this by separating generic clinical knowledge from domain-related knowledge. The presentation of this information can either itself be generic, or require design time awareness of the domain knowledge being employed. To develop a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that would be capable of displaying previously unencountered clinical data structures in a meaningful way. Through "reasoning by analogy" we defined an approach for the representation and implementation of "presentational knowledge". A proof-of-concept implementation was built to validate its implementability and to test for unanticipated issues. A two-model approach to specifying and generating a screen representation for archetype-based information, inspired by the two-model approach of archetypes, was developed. There is a separation between software-related display knowledge and domain-related display knowledge and the toolkit is designed with the reuse of components in mind. The approach leads to a flexible GUI that can adapt not only to information structures that had not been predefined within the receiving system, but also to novel ways of displaying the information. We also found that, ideally, the openEHR Archetype Definition Language should receive minor adjustments to allow for generic binding.

Video and Second Language Learning. Special Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillespie, Junetta B., Ed.

1985-01-01

The extent to which video has come of age with respect to language learning is the focus of this special issue, which provides information on sources of materials and offers practical ideas for the effective and creative use of those materials in second language instruction. Articles include: "Video and Language Learning: A Medium Comes of Age"…

Language Policy Provisions and Curriculum Issues: The Challenges for Secondary Schools in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adejimola, Amuseghan Sunday

2010-01-01

Language, language policy and curriculum issues occupy very important and strategic places in educational planning in any society. In a multilingual Nigerian society as well as in similar countries like Australia, India or even in seemingly homogeneous linguistic societies like Britain, language planning, development and policies are sin qua non.…

Potential Issues for Language Planning in Scotland. Language Planning Newsletter, Vol. 3, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Richard E.

The national re-emergence of Scotland is accompanied by the desire for cultural and linguistic autonomy and identity. Issues at hand include language standardization, bilingual education, the language problems of immigrants, the role of Gaelic as compared to the continuum of linguistic varieties that go from Standard English to Scots, the adoption…

Professional Issues of Child and Youth Care through the Language Lens

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gharabaghi, Kiaras

2008-01-01

This article explores the role of language and forms of communication in professional child and youth care practice. It is argued that all the professional issues of child and youth care practice are significantly impacted by language and the manner in which practitioners use language and a variety of communication forms to articulate their work.…

Introduction to Papers from the 5th Workshop on Language Production: The Neural Bases of Language Production

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rapp, Brenda; Miozzo, Michele

2011-01-01

The papers in this special issue of "Language and Cognitive Processing" on the neural bases of language production illustrate two general approaches in current cognitive neuroscience. One approach focuses on investigating cognitive issues, making use of the logic of associations/dissociations or the logic of neural markers as key investigative…

Unlocking Australia's Language Potential. Profiles of 9 Key Languages in Australia. Volume 7: Japanese.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marriott, Helen; And Others

The report on the status of Japanese language teaching in Australia gives a broad view of Japanese study and discusses current educational issues in some detail. An introductory chapter offers a brief overview of the history, objectives, and issues of Japanese language instruction in Australia. The second chapter details features of instructional…

Display system for imaging scientific telemetric information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zabiyakin, G. I.; Rykovanov, S. N.

1979-01-01

A system for imaging scientific telemetric information, based on the M-6000 minicomputer and the SIGD graphic display, is described. Two dimensional graphic display of telemetric information and interaction with the computer, in analysis and processing of telemetric parameters displayed on the screen is provided. The running parameter information output method is presented. User capabilities in the analysis and processing of telemetric information imaged on the display screen and the user language are discussed and illustrated.

In the right words: addressing language and culture in providing health care.

PubMed

2003-08-01

As part of its continuing mission to serve trustees, executives, and staff of health foundations and corporate giving programs, Grantmakers In Health (GIH) convened a group of experts from philanthropy, research, health care practice, and policy on April 4, 2003, to discuss the roles of language and culture in providing effective health care. During this Issue Dialogue, In the Right Words: Addressing Language and Culture in Providing Health Care, health grantmakers and experts from policy and practice participated in an open exchange of ideas and perspectives on language access and heard from fellow grantmakers who are funding innovative programs in this area. Together they explored ways to effectively support comprehensive language services, including the use of interpreters and translation of written materials. This Issue Brief synthesizes key points from the day's discussion with a background paper previously prepared for Issue Dialogue participants. It focuses on the challenges and opportunities involved with ensuring language access for the growing number of people who require it. Sections include: recent immigration trends and demographic changes; the effect of language barriers on health outcomes and health care processes; laws and policies regarding the provision of language services to patients, including an overview of public financing mechanisms; strategies for improving language access, including enhancing access in delivery settings, promoting advocacy and policy change, improving interpreter training, and advancing research; and roles for foundations in supporting improved language access, including examples of current activities. The Issue Dialogue focused mainly on activities and programs that ensure linguistic access to health care for all patients. Although language and culture are clearly inseparable, a full exploration of the field of cultural competence and initiatives that promote its application to the health care setting are beyond the scope of this Issue Brief. The day's discussion did, however, raise provocative issues of culture that are reflected throughout this report.

English as a Minority Language in Quebec

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boberg, Charles

2012-01-01

The variety of English spoken by about half a million people in the Canadian province of Quebec is a minority language in intensive contact with French, the local majority language. This unusual contact situation has produced a unique variety of English which displays many instances of French influence that distinguish it from other types of…

The Effects of Captions on EFL Learners' Comprehension of English-Language Television Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodgers, Michael P. H.; Webb, Stuart

2017-01-01

The Multimedia Principle (Fletcher & Tobias, 2005) states that people learn better and comprehend more when words and pictures are presented together. The potential for English language learners to increase their comprehension of video through the use of captions, which graphically display the same language as the spoken dialogue, has been…

Narrative and the Origins of Discourse: Patterns of Discourse in Stories around the World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, David

2005-01-01

This paper summarises findings of discourse analyses of traditional stories from eleven language phyla around the world. The aim is a preliminary exploration of relationships amongst diverse languages in patterns of discourse, using a systemic functional language model. Several techniques were developed for managing and displaying the analyses,…

An Exercise in Exciting Visuals: Building and Displaying on a Foreign Language Kiosk.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruling, Karl; Lide, Francis

Detailed, illustrated instructions are given for construction and decoration of an indoor foreign language kiosk to promote interest in foreign languages among students and teachers. The kiosk can be constructed in a home shop or possibly by a college theater department, high school woodworking department, or institutional physical plant. Once…

Language, Gesture, and Space.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emmorey, Karen, Ed.; Reilly, Judy S., Ed.

A collection of papers addresses a variety of issues regarding the nature and structure of sign language, gesture, and gesture systems. Articles include: "Theoretical Issues Relating Language, Gesture, and Space: An Overview" (Karen Emmorey, Judy S. Reilly); "Real, Surrogate, and Token Space: Grammatical Consequences in ASL American…

Teacher knowledge of basic language concepts and dyslexia.

PubMed

Washburn, Erin K; Joshi, R Malatesha; Binks-Cantrell, Emily S

2011-05-01

Roughly one-fifth of the US population displays one or more symptoms of dyslexia: a specific learning disability that affects an individual's ability to process written language. Consequently, elementary school teachers are teaching students who struggle with inaccurate or slow reading, poor spelling, poor writing, and other language processing difficulties. Findings from studies have indicated that teachers lack essential knowledge needed to teach struggling readers, particularly children with dyslexia. However, few studies have sought to assess teachers' knowledge and perceptions about dyslexia in conjunction with knowledge of basic language concepts related to reading instruction. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine elementary school teachers' knowledge of basic language concepts and their knowledge and perceptions about dyslexia. Findings from the present study indicated that teachers, on average, were able to display implicit skills related to certain basic language concepts (i.e. syllable counting), but failed to demonstrate explicit knowledge of others (i.e. phonics principles). Also, teachers seemed to hold the common misconception that dyslexia is a visual processing deficit rather than phonological processing deficit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aggression and withdrawal related behavior within conflict management progression in preschool boys with language impairment.

PubMed

Horowitz, Laura; Westlund, Karolina; Ljungberg, Tomas

2007-10-01

This study examined conflict behavior in naturalistic preschool settings to better understand the role of non-affiliative behavior and language in conflict management. Free-play at preschool was filmed among 20 boys with typically developing language (TL) and among 11 boys with Language Impairment (LI); the boys 4-7 years old. Conflict behavior was coded and analyzed with a validated system. Post-conflict non-affiliative behavior (aggression and withdrawal) displays, and the links between the displays and reconciliation (i.e., former opponents exchange friendly behavioral shortly after conflict termination) was examined. Group comparisons revealed boys with LI displayed aggression in a smaller share of conflicts, but exhibited [Symbol: see text]active' withdrawal (left the room), in a larger conflict share. Boys with TL overcame aggression (more common TL behavior) and after reconciled, to a greater extent than the boys with LI after active withdrawal (more common LI behavior). Also, after reciprocal or only verbal aggression, boys with LI reconciled to a lesser extent than boys with TL. The boys with LI demonstrated difficulties confronting conflict management, as well as concluding emotionally heightened and aggressive behavioral turns.

Curriculum, Competence, and the Foreign Language Teacher. The ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgs, Theodore V., Ed.

The articles in this book address some of the major issues facing foreign language teachers in the next decade. These issues grow out of the concepts that received most attention in the 1970s: communicative competence, alternatives to traditional instruction, articulation of the curriculum in view of realities in U.S. foreign language departments,…

Issues in the study of intonation in language varieties.

PubMed

Warren, Paul

2005-01-01

Some key issues in the study of intonation in language varieties are presented and discussed with reference to recent research on the intonation of New Zealand English. The particular issues that are highlighted include the determination of the intonational phonological categories of a language variety, and the attribution of varietal differences as realizational differences between varieties or as systemic differences in the categories found to be present in each variety.

Communication Development and Disorders in African American Children: Research, Assessment, and Intervention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamhi, Alan G., Ed.; And Others

The collection of papers on language development and African-American children includes: "The Challenges of Conducting Language Research with African American Children" (Holly K. Craig); "Issues in Recruiting African American Participants for Research" (Joyce L. Harris); "Issues in Assessing the Language Abilities of…

Towards an Auditory Account of Speech Rhythm: Application of a Model of the Auditory "Primal Sketch" to Two Multi-Language Corpora

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Christopher S.; Todd, Neil P. McAngus

2004-01-01

The world's languages display important differences in their rhythmic organization; most particularly, different languages seem to privilege different phonological units (mora, syllable, or stress foot) as their basic rhythmic unit. There is now considerable evidence that such differences have important consequences for crucial aspects of language…

Writing Strategy Instruction: Its Impact on Writing in a Second Language for Academic Purposes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Silva, Radhika

2015-01-01

Writing for academic purposes in a second/foreign language is a major challenge faced by many students at both secondary and tertiary levels. This suggests that displaying content knowledge and understanding of a subject through a second language is a very complex process. This article discusses the findings of a longitudinal intervention study…

The Englishisation of Higher Education in Catalonia: A Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnographic Approach to the Students' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabaté-Dalmau, Maria

2016-01-01

This paper investigates the attitudes towards Englishisation displayed by 30 students enrolled in a Combined Languages degree, including English and another language, in a top-ranked bilingual university in Catalonia, where Spanish and Catalan coexist complexly, and where foreign language medium instruction is relatively new. Through a two-year…

XML Style Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Acronyms ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange DAU data acquisition unit DDML data display markup language IHAL...Transfer Standard URI uniform resource identifier W3C World Wide Web Consortium XML extensible markup language XSD XML schema definition XML Style...Style Guide, RCC 125-15, July 2015 1 Introduction The next generation of telemetry systems will rely heavily on extensible markup language (XML

Teaching Languages in College: Communicative Proficiency and Cross-Cultural Issues. Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramirez, Arnulfo G., Ed.

A collection of papers concerning college language instruction and exploring issues related to promoting communicative skills and cross-cultural understanding includes the following titles: (1) "Languages at College: The Student and the Curriculum," by W. M. Rivers; (2) "Dimensions of Communicative Proficiency," by A. Ramirez; (3) "Communicative…

Learning Languages: The Journal of the National Network for Early Language Learning, 1996-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning Languages: The Journal of the National Network for Early Language Learning, 1997

1997-01-01

This document consists of the three issues of the journal "Learning Languages" published during volume year 2. These issues contain the following major articles: "Minneapolis and Brittany: Children Bridge Geographical and Social Differences Through Technology" (Janine Onffroy Shelley); "Student Reasons for Studying…

Indigenous Language Education and Literacy: Introduction to the Theme Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarty, Teresa L.; Zepeda, Ofelia

1995-01-01

Discusses the 13 papers in this special issue on American Indian and Alaska Native language education and literacy, the object of which is to critically examine the relationship of pedagogical change to larger sociopolitical and cultural processes affecting native language, bilingual, and bicultural programs. (three references) (MDM)

Issues and Concerns of Assessment for English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pichardo, Blanca

2014-01-01

Limited research has been accomplished within the past few years regarding issues and concerns of assessment for English Language Learners (ELL) with Learning Disabilities (LD). The increasing number of this unique population throughout schools has raised many concerns for professionals in education. English Language Learners with Learning…

VOX: The Journal of the Australian Advisory Council on Languages and Multicultural Education (AACLAME), 1989-1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lo Bianco, Joseph, Ed.

1991-01-01

This document consists of the three issues of the serial "VOX" published in 1989-1991. Major articles in these issues include: "The Original Languages of Australia"; "UNESCO and Universal Literacy"; "Language Shift and Maintenance in Torres Strait"; "Maintaining and Developing Italian in…

Trends, Issues and Challenges in English Language Education in Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shamim, Fauzia

2008-01-01

This paper aims to critically examine the trends, issues and challenges in policy and practice of English language education in Pakistan. This is done first by historically reviewing the English language education policies since Pakistan's independence in 1947, looking particularly at policy objectives, implementation strategies and outcomes, and…

Do eye movements reveal differences between monolingual and bilingual children's first-language and second-language reading? A focus on word frequency effects.

PubMed

Whitford, Veronica; Joanisse, Marc F

2018-09-01

An extensive body of research has examined reading acquisition and performance in monolingual children. Surprisingly, however, much less is known about reading in bilingual children, who outnumber monolingual children globally. Here, we address this important imbalance in the literature by employing eye movement recordings to examine both global (i.e., text-level) and local (i.e., word-level) aspects of monolingual and bilingual children's reading performance across their first-language (L1) and second-language (L2). We also had a specific focus on lexical accessibility, indexed by word frequency effects. We had three main findings. First, bilingual children displayed reduced global and local L1 reading performance relative to monolingual children, including larger L1 word frequency effects. Second, bilingual children displayed reduced global and local L2 versus L1 reading performance, including larger L2 word frequency effects. Third, both groups of children displayed reduced global and local reading performance relative to adult comparison groups (across their known languages), including larger word frequency effects. Notably, our first finding was not captured by traditional offline measures of reading, such as standardized tests, suggesting that these measures may lack the sensitivity to detect such nuanced between-group differences in reading performance. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that bilingual children's simultaneous exposure to two reading systems leads to eye movement reading behavior that differs from that of monolingual children and has important consequences for how lexical information is accessed and integrated in both languages. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Research issues of geometry-based visual languages and some solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, Thorn G.

This dissertation addresses the problem of how to design visual language systems that are based upon Geometric Algebra, and provide a visual coupling of algebraic expressions and geometric depictions. This coupling of algebraic expressions and geometric depictions provides a new means for expressing both mathematical and geometric relationships present in mathematics, physics, and Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD). Another significant feature of such a system is that the result of changing a parameter (by dragging the mouse) can be seen immediately in the depiction(s) of all expressions that use that parameter. This greatly aides the cognition of the relationships between variables. Systems for representing such a coupling of algebra and geometry have characteristics of both visual language systems, and systems for scientific visualization. Instead of using a parsing or dataflow paradigm for the visual language representation, the systems instead represent equations as manipulatible constrained diagrams for their visualization. This requires that the design of such a system have (but is not limited to) a means for parsing equations entered by the user, a scheme for producing a visual representation of these equations; techniques for maintaining the coupling between the expressions entered and the diagrams displayed; algorithms for maintaining the consistency of the diagrams; and, indexing capabilities that are efficient enough to allow diagrams to be created, and manipulated in a short enough period of time. The author proposes solutions for how such a design can be realized.

Singapore Language Enhancer: Identity Included

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wee, Desmond

2009-01-01

This article explores the rhetoric of the four official languages (English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil) in Singapore and the domestic aversion towards Chinese "dialects" and colloquial "Singlish". The "Speak Mandarin Campaign" alongside the "Speak Good English Movement" represent a display of intercultural…

Concussion - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Information Translations Ukrainian (українська ) Expand Section Types of Brain Injury - українська (Ukrainian) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Characters not displaying correctly on this page? See language ...

Language Magazine: The Journal of Communication & Education, 2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Daniel, Ed.

2003-01-01

Articles are included on such issues as the following: heritage languages; the psychology of language; the Voice of America broadcasts; dual language programs; linguistic autobiography in the language classroom; pronunciation; electronic education; dialects; world languages; bilingual education; language travel; language structure; conceptual…

A database system to support image algorithm evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lien, Y. E.

1977-01-01

The design is given of an interactive image database system IMDB, which allows the user to create, retrieve, store, display, and manipulate images through the facility of a high-level, interactive image query (IQ) language. The query language IQ permits the user to define false color functions, pixel value transformations, overlay functions, zoom functions, and windows. The user manipulates the images through generic functions. The user can direct images to display devices for visual and qualitative analysis. Image histograms and pixel value distributions can also be computed to obtain a quantitative analysis of images.

Language Issues in Literacy and Bilingual/Multicultural Education. Harvard Educational Review Reprint. Series No. 22.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minami, Masahiko, Ed.; Kennedy, Bruce P., Ed.

This collection of articles related to language issues and literacy and bilingual and multicultural education include the following: "Three Processes in the Child's Acquisition of Syntax" (Roger Brown and Ursula Bellugi); "Pre-School Children's Knowledge of English Phonology" (Charles Read); "Stages in Language Development and Reading Exposure"…

"Cognitive Diagnosis and Q-Matrices in Language Assessment": A Commentary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alderson, J. Charles

2010-01-01

This commentary appraises the 2009 special issue of "Language Assessment Quarterly" on "Cognitive Diagnosis and Q-matrices in Language Assessment." Despite a number of weaknesses, specifically in attempting inappropriately to retrofit a suite of proficiency tests to diagnostic purposes, the special issue is seen as a landmark in the development of…

Language Arts Teachers' Resistance to Teaching LGBT Literature and Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thein, Amanda Haertling

2013-01-01

In recent years, scholars and other educators have encouraged language arts teachers to include LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) issues and texts in their classrooms. Despite these efforts, scholars have pointed out that LGBT perspectives are seldom included in language arts pedagogy. Studies of teacher attitudes toward addressing LGBT…

"Una Nacion Acorralada": Southern Peruvian Quechua Language Planning and Politics in Historical Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mannheim, Bruce

1984-01-01

Outlines history of Spanish colonial policies toward Southern Peruvian Quechua and points out those issues under debate concerning the indigenous languages. The central issue of the "Andean language debate" continues to be whether or not the Quechua have a right to exist as a separate community. (SL)

EFL Policy of Turkey: Past and Present

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ulum, Ömer Gökhan

2015-01-01

The language policy of Turkey regarding the evaluation phase of English language education issue was investigated following the comments on the issue from a diverse point of view. Nowadays, Turkey's language policy seems to have been much more improved since the education reform in 1997 bringing a rise in the curriculum development, course book…

Timing of translation in cross-language qualitative research.

PubMed

Santos, Hudson P O; Black, Amanda M; Sandelowski, Margarete

2015-01-01

Although there is increased understanding of language barriers in cross-language studies, the point at which language transformation processes are applied in research is inconsistently reported, or treated as a minor issue. Differences in translation timeframes raise methodological issues related to the material to be translated, as well as for the process of data analysis and interpretation. In this article we address methodological issues related to the timing of translation from Portuguese to English in two international cross-language collaborative research studies involving researchers from Brazil, Canada, and the United States. One study entailed late-phase translation of a research report, whereas the other study involved early phase translation of interview data. The timing of translation in interaction with the object of translation should be considered, in addition to the language, cultural, subject matter, and methodological competencies of research team members. © The Author(s) 2014.

Una Introduccion a los Jovenes con Discapacidades: Bibliografia Anotada. Revisiones de CYDLINE (An Introduction to Youth with Disabilities: Annotated Bibliography. CYDINE Reviews).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. National Center for Youth with Disabilities.

This Spanish-language annotated bibliography describes English-language resources covering a wide range of issues related to disabled youth and their families. The 38 bibliographic citations date from 1980 to 1989 and are grouped into the following categories: psychosocial issues, health issues, educational issues, and community living.…

Development of a Low Cost Graphics Terminal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lehr, Ted

1985-01-01

Describes modifications made to expand the capabilities of a display unit (Lear Siegler ADM-3A) to include medium resolution graphics. The modifying circuitry is detailed along with software subroutined written in Z-80 machine language for controlling the video display. (JN)

Legal Issues and Computer Use by School-Based Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wynne, Michael K.; Hurst, David S.

1995-01-01

This article reviews ethical and legal issues regarding school-based integration and application of technologies, particularly when used by speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Four issues are addressed: (1) software copyright and licensed use; (2) information access and the right to privacy; (3) computer-assisted or…

Language Transfer in Language Learning. Issues in Second Language Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gass, Susan M., Ed.; Selinker, Larry, Ed.

Essays on language transfer in language learning include: excerpts from "Linguistics across Cultures" (Robert Lado); "Language Transfer" (Larry Selinker); "Goofing: An Indication of Children's Second Language Learning Strategies" (Heidi C. Dulay, Marina K. Burt); "Language Transfer and Universal Grammatical Relations" (Susan Gass); "A Role for the…

Computer-Assisted Language Learning Trends and Issues Revisited: Integrating Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrett, Nina

2009-01-01

This update to Garrett (1991), "Technology in the Service of Language Learning: Trends and Issues," explores current uses of technology to facilitate the teaching and assessment of second languages. In this article, I discuss the changes that have taken place over the last 18 years regarding selected topics from the 1991 article, including the…

The Choice of Languages in Tibetan School Education Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nima, Badeng

2008-01-01

One of the most important issues in Tibetan education is resolving the problem of instruction language in the Tibetan regions. This paper provides a preliminary exploration of this issue and makes some proposals based on the bilingual state of today's education in the Tibetan regions and the needs of Tibetan as a language of instruction for social…

Expanding Horizons and Unresolved Conundrums: Language Testing and Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leung, Constant; Lewkowicz, Jo

2006-01-01

Since the last "TESOL Quarterly" commemorative issue 15 years ago, there have been too many important developments in language testing and assessment for all of them to be discussed in a single article. Therefore, this article focuses on issues that we believe are integrally linked to pedagogic and curriculum concerns of English language teaching.…

Implementing a University-Wide Credit-Bearing English Language Enhancement Programme: Issues Emerging from Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenton-Smith, Ben; Humphreys, Pamela; Walkinshaw, Ian; Michael, Rowan; Lobo, Ana

2017-01-01

Many nations now enrol large numbers of tertiary students with English as an additional language, raising concerns over academic literacy standards. As a result, calls for whole-institution approaches to enhance language proficiency have grown. This paper describes the issues faced by one university that attempted such an approach. We first…

Face Values: The Use of Sensitive Error Correction to Address Adolescents' "Face" Issues in the Modern Languages Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crichton, Hazel; Templeton, Brian; Valdera, Francisco

2017-01-01

Anxiety about "performing" in a foreign language in front of classmates may inhibit learners' contributions in the modern languages class through fear of embarrassment over possible error production. The issue of "face", perceived social standing in the eyes of others, presents a sensitive matter for young adolescents…

The Continuing Evolution of Languages for Specific Purposes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grosse, Christine Uber; Voght, Geoffrey M.

2012-01-01

This overview to "The Modern Language Journal"'s Focus Issue on Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) takes a fresh look at issues examined in a 1991 article by Grosse and Voght. Reflecting on change drivers and growth in LSP, the authors comment on current challenges to the field and future research needs. Their remarks are based on new insights…

English Language Learner Education Finance Scholarship: An Introduction to the Special Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiménez-Castellanos, Oscar

2017-01-01

In this article, I introduce the special issue on education finance and English Language Learners, with the purpose to disseminate timely and relevant education finance scholarship with a particular focus on English Language Learners (ELLs). Here, I provide an analytical argument for why this topic is of great importance for our educational system…

Current Issues in LPP Research and Their Impact on Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darquennes, Jeroen

2013-01-01

After a very broad description of what language policy and planning is about this paper presents an overview of some of the current preoccupations of researchers focusing on language policy and planning as one of the blooming fields of applied linguistics. The current issues in language policy and planning research that are dealt with include…

Quality and the English Language Question: Is There Really an Issue in Australian Universities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Briguglio, Carmela

2011-01-01

English language proficiency and how it can be improved have been keenly debated issues in Australian universities. The debate has become more intense in the context of the marketing of international education and Australia's increasing share of international students. One reaction has been to raise the minimum English language levels for…

Internet Distribution of Spacecraft Telemetry Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Specht, Ted; Noble, David

2006-01-01

Remote Access Multi-mission Processing and Analysis Ground Environment (RAMPAGE) is a Java-language server computer program that enables near-real-time display of spacecraft telemetry data on any authorized client computer that has access to the Internet and is equipped with Web-browser software. In addition to providing a variety of displays of the latest available telemetry data, RAMPAGE can deliver notification of an alarm by electronic mail. Subscribers can then use RAMPAGE displays to determine the state of the spacecraft and formulate a response to the alarm, if necessary. A user can query spacecraft mission data in either binary or comma-separated-value format by use of a Web form or a Practical Extraction and Reporting Language (PERL) script to automate the query process. RAMPAGE runs on Linux and Solaris server computers in the Ground Data System (GDS) of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and includes components designed specifically to make it compatible with legacy GDS software. The client/server architecture of RAMPAGE and the use of the Java programming language make it possible to utilize a variety of competitive server and client computers, thereby also helping to minimize costs.

Maturation Constrains the Effect of Exposure in Linking Language and Thought: Evidence from Healthy Preterm Infants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perszyk, Danielle R.; Ferguson, Brock; Waxman, Sandra R.

2018-01-01

The power of human language rests upon its intricate links to human cognition. By 3 months of age, listening to language supports infants' ability to form object categories, a building block of cognition. Moreover, infants display a systematic shift between 3 and 4 months--a shift from familiarity to novelty preferences--in their expression of…

Concordia College Language Village Assessment: Learning French, German, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian and Spanish in Experiential Settings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nieves-Squires, Leslie C.

The purpose of this report on the Concordia College Language Village is to: (1) describe one aspect of the assessment effort, a survey of foreign language teachers whose students had attended the Village; (2) provide demographics for the 899 teachers who responded to the survey; and (3) display and comment on the findings drawn from data…

What Should Chris Say? The Ability of Children with Specific Language Impairment to Recognize the Need to Dissemble Emotions in Social Situations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brinton, Bonnie; Spackman, Matthew P.; Fujiki, Martin; Ricks, Jenny

2007-01-01

Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the ability of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typical peers to judge when an experienced emotion should be dissembled (hidden) in accord with social display rules. Method: Participants included 19 children with SLI and 19 children with typical language skills, both groups…

"Professionalism" in Second and Foreign Language Teaching: A Qualitative Research Synthesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jansem, Anchalee

2018-01-01

This qualitative research synthesis concludes and displays pictures of professionalism in second/foreign language education. Adopting Weed's processes as the methodological framework for doing qualitative research synthesis, the researcher employed seven steps, from retrieving to selecting studies directly associated with professionalism. The…

CITE NLM: Natural-Language Searching in an Online Catalog.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doszkocs, Tamas E.

1983-01-01

The National Library of Medicine's Current Information Transfer in English public access online catalog offers unique subject search capabilities--natural-language query input, automatic medical subject headings display, closest match search strategy, ranked document output, dynamic end user feedback for search refinement. References, description…

A minority perspective in the diagnosis of child language disorders.

PubMed

Seymour, H N; Bland, L

1991-01-01

The effective diagnosis and treatment of persons from diverse minority language backgrounds has become an important issue in the field of speech and language pathology. Yet, many SLPs have had little or no formal training in minority language, there is a paucity of normative data on language acquisition in minority groups, and there are few standardized speech and language tests appropriate for these groups. We described a diagnostic process that addresses these problems. The diagnostic protocol we have proposed for a child from a Black English-speaking background characterizes many of the major issues in treating minority children. In summary, we proposed four assessment strategies: gathering referral source data; making direct observations; using standardized tests of non-speech and language behavior (cognition, perception, motor, etc.); and eliciting language samples and probes.

TEAM. English Language Center. Numbers 43-45, Spring-Winter 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Egan, Dennis, Ed.

1983-01-01

Three issues of the journal "TEAM" are presented. Each issue contains feature articles, a section on teaching techniques, book reviews, English Language Center news items, and announcements. The articles in these three issues deal with the following topics: the freshman English course at the University of Minerals and Petroleum, a course in…

Researching Language and Neoliberalism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shin, Hyunjung; Park, Joseph Sung-Yul

2016-01-01

This special issue aims to develop a research agenda that brings language to the centre of our inquiry and critique of neoliberalism. Based on empirical case studies from across diverse contexts in Europe, North America, and East Asia, contributors to this special issue address two issues: (1) What can be said about the nature of neoliberalism…

Issues and Concerns Faced by Undergraduate Language Student Teachers during Teaching Practicum Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ali, Mohd Sofi; Othman, Abdul Jalil; Karim, Abdul Faruk Abdul

2014-01-01

This study examined specific issues and concerns faced by Bachelor of Education student teachers majoring in Language and Literature during their 12-week teaching practicum experience. Specifically, three main areas of concerns were examined. They were: (1) specific issues and concerns related to the implementation of teaching practicum faced by…

Key Cognitive Issues in the Design of Electronic Displays of Instrument Approach Procedure Charts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-11-01

This report provides a general introduction to the field of cognitive psychology and the application of well researched cognitive issues to the design of electronic instrument approach procedures (EIAP) displays. It presents 46 cognitive issues and 1...

Head-Mounted and Head-Up Display Glossary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newman, Richard L.; Allen, J. Edwin W. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

One of the problems in head-up and helmet-mounted display (HMD) literature has been a lack of standardization of words and abbreviations. Several different words have been used for the same concept; for example, flight path angle, flight path marker, velocity vector, and total velocity vector all refer to the same thing. In other cases, the same term has been used with two different meanings, such as binocular field-of-view which means the field-of-view visible to both left and right eyes according to some or the field-of-view visible to either the left or right eye or both according to others. Many of the terms used in HMD studies have not been well-defined. We need to have a common language to ensure that system descriptions are communicated. As an example, the term 'stabilized' has been widely used with two meanings. 'Roll-stabilized' has been used to mean a symbol which rotates to indicate the roll or bank of the aircraft. 'World-stabilized' and 'head-stabilized' have both been used to indicate symbols which move to remain fixed with respect to external objects. HMDs present unique symbology problems not found in HUDs. Foremost among these is the issue of maintaining spatial orientation of the symbols. All previous flight displays, round dial instruments, HDDs, and HUDs have been fixed in the cockpit. With the HMD, the flight display can move through a large angle. The coordinates use in transforming from the real-world to the aircraft to the HMD have not been consistently defined. This glossary contains terms relating to optics and vision, displays, and flight information, weapons and aircraft systems. Some definitions, such as Navigation Display, have been added to clarify the definitions for Primary Flight Display and Primary Flight Reference. A list of HUD/HMD related abbreviations is also included.

Minority Language Issues in Chinese Higher Education: Policy Reforms and Practice among the Korean and Mongol Ethnic Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xiong, Weiyan; Jacob, W. James; Ye, Huiyuan

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People's Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level, and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities' language issues. Content area experts on Chinese…

RELIEF: Revue de linguistique et d'enseignement du francais (Review of Linguistics and French Language Instruction), 1991-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haillet, P., Ed.; And Others

1993-01-01

This document consists of the first two issues of the journal RELIEF. Each issue contains four articles. All articles deal with French second language instruction: (1) "Utiliser la presse ecrite en classe de francais-langue seconde (Using the Print Media in French Second Language Class)" (H. Canto); (2) "Une lecon de grammaire…

The "Contextual Contact" in Grammar Microteachings in Teaching English as a Foreign Language: A Teacher Training Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarigöz, Iskender Hakki

2015-01-01

The grammar microteachings carried out by trainees in teacher education is a critical issue due to the fact that the teaching of grammar has always been a controversial issue throughout the foreign language teaching (FLT) acculturation. There is always some negative reaction to isolated teaching of grammar in communicative language teaching…

Issues of Language Choice, Ethics and Equity: Japanese Retirees Living in Malaysia as Their Second Home

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stapa, Siti Hamin; Musaev, Talaibek; Hieda, Natsue; Amzah, Normalis

2013-01-01

This paper will discuss two issues related to Japanese retirees adopting Malaysia as their second home. The first is that of the preferred language choice of the retirees. To collect data for language choice a self-report questionnaire was administered and an interview was conducted. The findings suggest that the majority of the retirees chose…

Speech and language pathology & pediatric HIV.

PubMed

Retzlaff, C

1999-12-01

Children with HIV have critical speech and language issues because the virus manifests itself primarily in the developing central nervous system, sometimes causing speech, motor control, and language disabilities. Language impediments that develop during the second year of life seem to be especially severe. HIV-infected children are also susceptible to recurrent ear infections, which can damage hearing. Developmental issues must be addressed for these children to reach their full potential. A decline in language skills may coincide with or precede other losses in cognitive ability. A speech pathologist can play an important role on a pediatric HIV team. References are included.

English and Chinese languages as weighted complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, Long; Li, Chunguang

2009-06-01

In this paper, we analyze statistical properties of English and Chinese written human language within the framework of weighted complex networks. The two language networks are based on an English novel and a Chinese biography, respectively, and both of the networks are constructed in the same way. By comparing the intensity and density of connections between the two networks, we find that high weight connections in Chinese language networks prevail more than those in English language networks. Furthermore, some of the topological and weighted quantities are compared. The results display some differences in the structural organizations between the two language networks. These observations indicate that the two languages may have different linguistic mechanisms and different combinatorial natures.

Verbal Modification via Visual Display

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richmond, Edmun B.; Wallace-Childers, La Donna

1977-01-01

The inability of foreign language students to produce acceptable approximations of new vowel sounds initiated a study to devise a real-time visual display system whereby the students could match vowel production to a visual pedagogical model. The system used amateur radio equipment and a standard oscilloscope. (CHK)

Man/terminal interaction evaluation of computer operating system command and control service concepts. [in Spacelab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dodson, D. W.; Shields, N. L., Jr.

1978-01-01

The Experiment Computer Operating System (ECOS) of the Spacelab will allow the onboard Payload Specialist to command experiment devices and display information relative to the performance of experiments. Three candidate ECOS command and control service concepts were reviewed and laboratory data on operator performance was taken for each concept. The command and control service concepts evaluated included a dedicated operator's menu display from which all command inputs were issued, a dedicated command key concept with which command inputs could be issued from any display, and a multi-display concept in which command inputs were issued from several dedicated function displays. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed in terms of training, operational errors, task performance time, and subjective comments of system operators.

Understanding Editing Behaviors in Multilingual Wikipedia.

PubMed

Kim, Suin; Park, Sungjoon; Hale, Scott A; Kim, Sooyoung; Byun, Jeongmin; Oh, Alice H

2016-01-01

Multilingualism is common offline, but we have a more limited understanding of the ways multilingualism is displayed online and the roles that multilinguals play in the spread of content between speakers of different languages. We take a computational approach to studying multilingualism using one of the largest user-generated content platforms, Wikipedia. We study multilingualism by collecting and analyzing a large dataset of the content written by multilingual editors of the English, German, and Spanish editions of Wikipedia. This dataset contains over two million paragraphs edited by over 15,000 multilingual users from July 8 to August 9, 2013. We analyze these multilingual editors in terms of their engagement, interests, and language proficiency in their primary and non-primary (secondary) languages and find that the English edition of Wikipedia displays different dynamics from the Spanish and German editions. Users primarily editing the Spanish and German editions make more complex edits than users who edit these editions as a second language. In contrast, users editing the English edition as a second language make edits that are just as complex as the edits by users who primarily edit the English edition. In this way, English serves a special role bringing together content written by multilinguals from many language editions. Nonetheless, language remains a formidable hurdle to the spread of content: we find evidence for a complexity barrier whereby editors are less likely to edit complex content in a second language. In addition, we find that multilinguals are less engaged and show lower levels of language proficiency in their second languages. We also examine the topical interests of multilingual editors and find that there is no significant difference between primary and non-primary editors in each language.

Understanding Editing Behaviors in Multilingual Wikipedia

PubMed Central

Hale, Scott A.; Kim, Sooyoung; Byun, Jeongmin; Oh, Alice H.

2016-01-01

Multilingualism is common offline, but we have a more limited understanding of the ways multilingualism is displayed online and the roles that multilinguals play in the spread of content between speakers of different languages. We take a computational approach to studying multilingualism using one of the largest user-generated content platforms, Wikipedia. We study multilingualism by collecting and analyzing a large dataset of the content written by multilingual editors of the English, German, and Spanish editions of Wikipedia. This dataset contains over two million paragraphs edited by over 15,000 multilingual users from July 8 to August 9, 2013. We analyze these multilingual editors in terms of their engagement, interests, and language proficiency in their primary and non-primary (secondary) languages and find that the English edition of Wikipedia displays different dynamics from the Spanish and German editions. Users primarily editing the Spanish and German editions make more complex edits than users who edit these editions as a second language. In contrast, users editing the English edition as a second language make edits that are just as complex as the edits by users who primarily edit the English edition. In this way, English serves a special role bringing together content written by multilinguals from many language editions. Nonetheless, language remains a formidable hurdle to the spread of content: we find evidence for a complexity barrier whereby editors are less likely to edit complex content in a second language. In addition, we find that multilinguals are less engaged and show lower levels of language proficiency in their second languages. We also examine the topical interests of multilingual editors and find that there is no significant difference between primary and non-primary editors in each language. PMID:27171158

Clause, Sentence, and Discourse Patterns in Selected Languages of Nepal: Part I, General Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hale, Austin

This volume, the first in a series of four on the languages of Nepal, contains the following papers: "Toward the Systematization of Display Grammar,""Clause Patterns in Kham,""Tentative Systemic Organization of Nepali Sentences,""Maithili Sentences,""Notation for Simultaneous Representation of…

Dictionary Use of Undergraduate Students in Foreign Language Departments in Turkey at Present

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tulgar, Aysegül Takkaç

2017-01-01

Foreign language learning has always been a process carried out with the help of dictionaries which are both in target language and from native language to target language/from target language to native language. Dictionary use is an especially delicate issue for students in foreign language departments because students in those departments are…

Visual speech segmentation: using facial cues to locate word boundaries in continuous speech

PubMed Central

Mitchel, Aaron D.; Weiss, Daniel J.

2014-01-01

Speech is typically a multimodal phenomenon, yet few studies have focused on the exclusive contributions of visual cues to language acquisition. To address this gap, we investigated whether visual prosodic information can facilitate speech segmentation. Previous research has demonstrated that language learners can use lexical stress and pitch cues to segment speech and that learners can extract this information from talking faces. Thus, we created an artificial speech stream that contained minimal segmentation cues and paired it with two synchronous facial displays in which visual prosody was either informative or uninformative for identifying word boundaries. Across three familiarisation conditions (audio stream alone, facial streams alone, and paired audiovisual), learning occurred only when the facial displays were informative to word boundaries, suggesting that facial cues can help learners solve the early challenges of language acquisition. PMID:25018577

Development of a Night Vision Goggle Heads-Up Display for Paratrooper Guidance

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

and GPS data [MIC07]. requiring altitude, position, velocity, acceleration, and angular rates for navigation or control. An internal GPS receiver...Language There are several programming languages that provide the operating capabilities for this program. Languages like JAVA and C# provide an...acceleration, and angular rates. Figure 3.6 illustrates the MIDG hardware’s input and output data. The sensor actually generates the INS data, which is

GRAMPS: a graphics language interpreter for real-time, interactive, three-dimensional picture editing and animation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Donnell, T.J.; Olson, A.J.

1981-08-01

GRAMPS, a graphics language interpreter has been developed in FORTRAN 77 to be used in conjunction with an interactive vector display list processor (Evans and Sutherland Multi-Picture-System). Several of the features of the language make it very useful and convenient for real-time scene construction, manipulation and animation. The GRAMPS language syntax allows natural interaction with scene elements as well as easy, interactive assignment of graphics input devices. GRAMPS facilitates the creation, manipulation and copying of complex nested picture structures. The language has a powerful macro feature that enables new graphics commands to be developed and incorporated interactively. Animation may bemore » achieved in GRAMPS by two different, yet mutually compatible means. Picture structures may contain framed data, which consist of a sequence of fixed objects. These structures may be displayed sequentially to give a traditional frame animation effect. In addition, transformation information on picture structures may be saved at any time in the form of new macro commands that will transform these structures from one saved state to another in a specified number of steps, yielding an interpolated transformation animation effect. An overview of the GRAMPS command structure is given and several examples of application of the language to molecular modeling and animation are presented.« less

Language Travel or Language Tourism: Have Educational Trips Changed So Much?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laborda, Jesus Garcia

2007-01-01

This article points out the changes in organization, students and language learning that language trips, as contrasted with educational trips (of which language trips are a subgroup) have gone through in the last years. The article emphasizes the need to differentiate between language trips and language tourism based on issues of additional…

Does Language Matter? Exploring Chinese-Korean Differences in Holistic Perception.

PubMed

Rhode, Ann K; Voyer, Benjamin G; Gleibs, Ilka H

2016-01-01

Cross-cultural research suggests that East Asians display a holistic attentional bias by paying attention to the entire field and to relationships between objects, whereas Westerners pay attention primarily to salient objects, displaying an analytic attentional bias. The assumption of a universal pan-Asian holistic attentional bias has recently been challenged in experimental research involving Japanese and Chinese participants, which suggests that linguistic factors may contribute to the formation of East Asians' holistic attentional patterns. The present experimental research explores differences in attention and information processing styles between Korean and Chinese speakers, who have been assumed to display the same attentional bias due to cultural commonalities. We hypothesize that the specific structure of the Korean language predisposes speakers to pay more attention to ground information than to figure information, thus leading to a stronger holistic attentional bias compared to Chinese speakers. Findings of the present research comparing different groups of English, Chinese, and Korean speakers provide further evidence for differences in East Asians' holistic attentional bias, which may be due to the influence of language. Furthermore, we also extend prior theorizing by discussing the potential impact of other cultural factors. In line with critical voices calling for more research investigating differences between cultures that are assumed to be culturally similar, we highlight important avenues for future studies exploring the language-culture relationship.

Interaction through Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lengyel, Peter, Ed.

1984-01-01

This issue dealing with language discusses language and social structure, social progress and sociolinguistics, oral and literate traditions, Portuguese Creole dialects in West Africa, a framework for describing how languages spread, socio-cultural conflict and bilingual education, linguistic variation in one-language societies, the language…

Language-learning disabilities: Paradigms for the nineties.

PubMed

Wiig, E H

1991-01-01

We are beginning a decade, during which many traditional paradigms in education, special education, and speech-language pathology will undergo change. Among paradigms considered promising for speech-language pathology in the schools are collaborative language intervention and strategy training for language and communication. This presentation introduces management models for developing a collaborative language intervention process, among them the Deming Management Method for Total Quality (TQ) (Deming 1986). Implementation models for language assessment and IEP planning and multicultural issues are also introduced (Damico and Nye 1990; Secord and Wiig in press). While attention to processes involved in developing and implementing collaborative language intervention is paramount, content should not be neglected. To this end, strategy training for language and communication is introduced as a viable paradigm. Macro- and micro-level process models for strategy training are featured and general issues are discussed (Ellis, Deshler, and Schumaker 1989; Swanson 1989; Wiig 1989).

Bilingual Children with Primary Language Impairment: Issues, Evidence and Implications for Clinical Actions

PubMed Central

Kohnert, Kathryn

2010-01-01

A clear understanding of how to best provide clinical serves to bilingual children with suspected or confirmed primary language impairment (PLI) is predicated on understanding typical development in dual-language learners as well as the PLI profile. This article reviews general characteristics of children learning two languages, including three that challenge the diagnosis and treatment of PLI; uneven distribution of abilities in the child's two languages, cross-linguistic associations within bilingual learners, and individual variation in response to similar social circumstances. The diagnostic category of PLI (also referred to in the literature as specific language impairment or SLI) is described with attention to how language impairment, in the face of otherwise typical development, manifests in children learning two languages. Empirical evidence related to differential diagnosis of PLI in bilingual children is then reviewed and issues related to the generalization of treatment gains in dual-language learners with PLI are introduced. PMID:20371080

Ethical Issues in Providing Services in Schools to Children with Swallowing and Feeding Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huffman, Nancy P.; Owre, DeAnne W.

2008-01-01

Purpose: This article is a commentary and discussion of ethical issues in dysphagia services as related to school-based practice in speech-language pathology. Method: A review of the literature on ethical issues in the provision of speech-language pathology services to individuals with dysphagia was conducted, with particular emphasis on students…

Natural Language Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chowdhury, Gobinda G.

2003-01-01

Discusses issues related to natural language processing, including theoretical developments; natural language understanding; tools and techniques; natural language text processing systems; abstracting; information extraction; information retrieval; interfaces; software; Internet, Web, and digital library applications; machine translation for…

DEC Ada interface to Screen Management Guidelines (SMG)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laomanachareon, Somsak; Lekkos, Anthony A.

1986-01-01

DEC's Screen Management Guidelines are the Run-Time Library procedures that perform terminal-independent screen management functions on a VT100-class terminal. These procedures assist users in designing, composing, and keeping track of complex images on a video screen. There are three fundamental elements in the screen management model: the pasteboard, the virtual display, and the virtual keyboard. The pasteboard is like a two-dimensional area on which a user places and manipulates screen displays. The virtual display is a rectangular part of the terminal screen to which a program writes data with procedure calls. The virtual keyboard is a logical structure for input operation associated with a physical keyboard. SMG can be called by all major VAX languages. Through Ada, predefined language Pragmas are used to interface with SMG. These features and elements of SMG are briefly discussed.

Anatomical education and surgical simulation based on the Chinese Visible Human: a three-dimensional virtual model of the larynx region.

PubMed

Liu, Kaijun; Fang, Binji; Wu, Yi; Li, Ying; Jin, Jun; Tan, Liwen; Zhang, Shaoxiang

2013-09-01

Anatomical knowledge of the larynx region is critical for understanding laryngeal disease and performing required interventions. Virtual reality is a useful method for surgical education and simulation. Here, we assembled segmented cross-section slices of the larynx region from the Chinese Visible Human dataset. The laryngeal structures were precisely segmented manually as 2D images, then reconstructed and displayed as 3D images in the virtual reality Dextrobeam system. Using visualization and interaction with the virtual reality modeling language model, a digital laryngeal anatomy instruction was constructed using HTML and JavaScript languages. The volume larynx models can thus display an arbitrary section of the model and provide a virtual dissection function. This networked teaching system of the digital laryngeal anatomy can be read remotely, displayed locally, and manipulated interactively.

Faces in a Crowd: The Individual Learner in Multisection Courses. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klee, Carol A., Ed.

The papers in this collection fall into three categories. Part 1, "Overview of Research," includes "New Directions in Language Anxiety Research" (Dolly Jesusita Young) and "Native Genderlects and Their Relation to Gender Issues in Second Language Classrooms: The Sex of Our Students as a Sociolinguistic Variable" (Lydie E. Meunier). Part 2,…

Coupling Considerations in Assembly Language

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-05

report discusses coupling issues arising in assembly language source code, as contrasted to similar issues arising in high order language (HOL...Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) require compliance with DO-178B and DO-178C, which contain guidelines relating to data and control coupling. The...considered unknown, but its effect on development and maintenance will serve as indicators on whether the coupling measure is high or low. Both

The Language Situation in Cameroon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kouega, Jean-Paul

2007-01-01

This monograph examines the language situation in Cameroon, a Central African country where fewer than 20 million people speak close to 250 languages. Specifically, the monograph addresses the issues of language use and spread, language policy and planning, and language maintenance and prospects. The study is divided into five parts. The…

Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liddicoat, Anthony, Ed.

1991-01-01

A five-year period of particular activity in Australian language policy and language planning culminated with the 1991 publication of the White Paper called Australia's Language, which outlines proposed government programs in languages until 1994. Many of the papers in this theme issue of the journal of the Applied Linguistics Association of…

The Language Lessons around Us: Undergraduate English Pedagogy and Linguistic Landscape Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chesnut, MIchael; Lee, Vivian; Schulte, Jenna

2013-01-01

This narrative article analyses three Korean undergraduate students' experiences conducting a linguistic landscape research project. Linguistic landscape research, the study of publicly displayed language such as billboards and other signs, is a relatively new area of scholarly interest. However, there has been only limited study of using…

CHARGE Image Generator: Theory of Operation and Author Language Support. Technical Report 75-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunwaldsen, Roger L.

The image generator function and author language software support for the CHARGE (Color Halftone Area Graphics Environment) Interactive Graphics System are described. Designed initially for use in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) systems, the CHARGE Interactive Graphics System can provide graphic displays for various applications including…

The RSZ BASIC programming language manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stattel, R. J.; Niswander, J. K.; Kochhar, A. K.

1980-01-01

The RSZ BASIC interactive language is described. The RSZ BASIC interpreter is resident in the Telemetry Data Processor, a system dedicated to the processing and displaying of PCM telemetry data. A series of working examples teaches the fundamentals of RSZ BASIC and shows how to construct, edit, and manage storage of programs.

Prosodically Driven Metathesis in Mutsun

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Lynnika

2013-01-01

Among the many ways in which sounds alternate in the world's languages, changes in the order of sounds (metathesis) are relatively rare. Mutsun, a Southern Costanoan language of California which was documented extensively before the death of its last speaker in 1930, displays three patterns of synchronic consonant-vowel (CV) metathesis. Two of…

A Graphical Database Interface for Casual, Naive Users.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgess, Clifford; Swigger, Kathleen

1986-01-01

Describes the design of a database interface for infrequent users of computers which consists of a graphical display of a model of a database and a natural language query language. This interface was designed for and tested with physicians at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Dallas. (LRW)

Sensory Discrimination, Generalization and Language Training of Autistic Children. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanton, Richard L.; And Others

The report presents summaries of 11 studies performed on 25-45 autistic students in a residential center to investigate processes of discrimination and response acquisition using automated reinforcement technology and exact timing procedures. The computer operated display and recording system for language and discrimination training is described…

Open source 3D visualization and interaction dedicated to hydrological models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richard, Julien; Giangola-Murzyn, Agathe; Gires, Auguste; Tchiguirinskaia, Ioulia; Schertzer, Daniel

2014-05-01

Climate change and surface urbanization strongly modify the hydrological cycle in urban areas, increasing the consequences of extreme events such as floods or draughts. These issues lead to the development of the Multi-Hydro model at the Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (A. Giangola-Murzyn et al., 2012). This fully distributed model allows to compute the hydrological response of urban and peri-urban areas. Unfortunately such models are seldom user friendly. Indeed generating the inputs before launching a new simulation is usually a tricky tasks, and understanding and interpreting the outputs remains specialist tasks not accessible to the wider public. The MH-AssimTool was developed to overcome these issues. To enable an easier and improved understanding of the model outputs, we decided to convert the raw output data (grids file in ascii format) to a 3D display. Some commercial paying models provide a 3D visualization. Because of the cost of their licenses, this kind of tools may not be accessible to the most concerned stakeholders. So, we are developing a new tool based on C++ for the computation, Qt for the graphic user interface, QGIS for the geographical side and OpenGL for the 3D display. All these languages and libraries are open source and multi-platform. We will discuss some preprocessing issues for the data conversion from 2.5D to 3D. Indeed, the GIS data, is considered as a 2.5D (e.i. 2D polygon + one height) and the its transform to 3D display implies a lot of algorithms. For example,to visualize in 3D one building, it is needed to have for each point the coordinates and the elevation according to the topography. Furthermore one have to create new points to represent the walls. Finally the interactions between the model and stakeholders through this new interface and how this helps converting a research tool into a an efficient operational decision tool will be discussed. This ongoing research on the improvement of the visualization methods is supported by the KIC-Climate Blue Green Dream project.

Foreign Language in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Richard D., Ed.; Moore, Sarah Jane, Ed.

1990-01-01

Articles in this theme issue of the journal, devoted to the subject of languages in the workplace, include: "Language Use in International Research" (Eugene Garfield, Alfred Welljams-Dorof); "The Foreign Language Needs of U.S.-Based Corporations" (Carol S. Fixman); "Foreign Language Use Among International Business…

More Than the Verbal Stimulus Matters: Visual Attention in Language Assessment for People With Aphasia Using Multiple-Choice Image Displays

PubMed Central

Ivanova, Maria V.; Hallowell, Brooke

2017-01-01

Purpose Language comprehension in people with aphasia (PWA) is frequently evaluated using multiple-choice displays: PWA are asked to choose the image that best corresponds to the verbal stimulus in a display. When a nontarget image is selected, comprehension failure is assumed. However, stimulus-driven factors unrelated to linguistic comprehension may influence performance. In this study we explore the influence of physical image characteristics of multiple-choice image displays on visual attention allocation by PWA. Method Eye fixations of 41 PWA were recorded while they viewed 40 multiple-choice image sets presented with and without verbal stimuli. Within each display, 3 images (majority images) were the same and 1 (singleton image) differed in terms of 1 image characteristic. The mean proportion of fixation duration (PFD) allocated across majority images was compared against the PFD allocated to singleton images. Results PWA allocated significantly greater PFD to the singleton than to the majority images in both nonverbal and verbal conditions. Those with greater severity of comprehension deficits allocated greater PFD to nontarget singleton images in the verbal condition. Conclusion When using tasks that rely on multiple-choice displays and verbal stimuli, one cannot assume that verbal stimuli will override the effect of visual-stimulus characteristics. PMID:28520866

Communicative Competence and Language Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciliberti, Anna

1982-01-01

Describes the issues considered at the 1979 "Communicative Competence and Language Teaching" conference held in Venice, Italy. Participants discussed teaching methods which could enhance second language competence. A model for determining language learning objectives is discussed. (AM)

Information retrieval and display system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groover, J. L.; King, W. L.

1977-01-01

Versatile command-driven data management system offers users, through simplified command language, a means of storing and searching data files, sorting data files into specified orders, performing simple or complex computations, effecting file updates, and printing or displaying output data. Commands are simple to use and flexible enough to meet most data management requirements.

The Advanced Learner's Sociolinguistic Profile: On Issues of Individual Differences, Second Language Exposure Conditions, and Type of Sociolinguistic Variable

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard, Martin

2012-01-01

Situated within the recent new wave of second language acquisition studies investigating the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation, this article draws on a longitudinal database of advanced French interlanguage to explore a number of issues that have not yet been extensively investigated. They concern the issue of individual variation in the…

Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning.

PubMed

Mårtensson, Johan; Eriksson, Johan; Bodammer, Nils Christian; Lindgren, Magnus; Johansson, Mikael; Nyberg, Lars; Lövdén, Martin

2012-10-15

The influence of adult foreign-language acquisition on human brain organization is poorly understood. We studied cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes of conscript interpreters before and after three months of intense language studies. Results revealed increases in hippocampus volume and in cortical thickness of the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for interpreters relative to controls. The right hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus were structurally more malleable in interpreters acquiring higher proficiency in the foreign language. Interpreters struggling relatively more to master the language displayed larger gray matter increases in the middle frontal gyrus. These findings confirm structural changes in brain regions known to serve language functions during foreign-language acquisition. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bachman, Lyle F.

1989-01-01

Applied linguistics and psychometrics have influenced language testing, providing additional tools for investigating factors affecting language test performance and assuring measurement reliability. An examination is presented of language testing, including the theoretical issues involved, the methodological advances, language test development,…

Language Trends 2010 Secondary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CILT, the National Centre for Languages, 2010

2010-01-01

The Language Trends survey is run jointly each year by CILT, the National Centre for Languages, the Association for Language Learning (ALL) and the Independent Schools Modern Languages Association (ISMLA). In this period of rapid change and policy development, it is vital to have an up to date picture of current issues for languages. Therefore,…

Creating Inclusive Learning Communities through English Language Arts: From "Chanclas" to "Canicas."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franquiz, Maria E.; Reyes, Maria de la Luz

1998-01-01

Offers examples of exemplary classroom practice to address the issue of whether English language arts teachers can teach effectively if they are not fluent in the languages students speak. Discusses acts of inclusion (such as raising language status, and having flexible language boundaries), codeswitching as a resource, language choice and…

Heritage Languages and Community Identity Building: The Case of a Language of Lesser Status

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borland, Helen

2005-01-01

Diasporic communities formed as a result of recent migration movements face particular issues and challenges in supporting the intergenerational transmission of their heritage language through language maintenance and heritage language education (HLE) initiatives, especially when the language involved is not one that has high visibility and…

Researching English in the Philippines: Bibliographical Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Ma. Lourdes S.

2004-01-01

The academic literature on issues related to the Philippine English language and literature is substantial. This bibliography surveys relevant work on such related fields as the sociology of language and language planning, Bilingualism, bilingual education, and languages in education, language attitudes, code-switching and code-mixing, Philippine…

Language Issues: Readings for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durkin, Diane Bennett

This book provides a collection of interrelated essays on language for teachers concerned with first and second language acquisition, non-standard English, the teaching of grammar, language change, and the attainment of literacy. A problem-oriented text, the book presents the various controversies surrounding each language area, offering competing…

The counting abilities of children with specific language impairment: a comparison of oral and gestural tasks.

PubMed

Fazio, B B

1994-04-01

This study examined the counting abilities of preschool children with specific language impairment compared to language-matched and mental-age-matched peers. In order to determine the nature of the difficulties SLI children exhibited in counting, the subjects participated in a series of oral counting tasks and a series of gestural tasks that used an invented counting system based on pointing to body parts. Despite demonstrating knowledge of many of the rules associated with counting, SLI preschool children displayed marked difficulty in counting objects. On oral counting tasks, they showed difficulty with rote counting, displayed a limited repertoire of number terms, and miscounted sets of objects. However, on gestural counting tasks, SLI children's performance was significantly better. These findings suggest that SLI children have a specific difficulty with the rote sequential aspect of learning number words.

SSL: A software specification language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Austin, S. L.; Buckles, B. P.; Ryan, J. P.

1976-01-01

SSL (Software Specification Language) is a new formalism for the definition of specifications for software systems. The language provides a linear format for the representation of the information normally displayed in a two-dimensional module inter-dependency diagram. In comparing SSL to FORTRAN or ALGOL, it is found to be largely complementary to the algorithmic (procedural) languages. SSL is capable of representing explicitly module interconnections and global data flow, information which is deeply imbedded in the algorithmic languages. On the other hand, SSL is not designed to depict the control flow within modules. The SSL level of software design explicitly depicts intermodule data flow as a functional specification.

Graphic Display of Linguistic Information in English as a Foreign Language Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suzuki, Akio; Sato, Takeshi; Awazu, Shunji

2008-01-01

Two studies investigated the advantage and instructional effectiveness of the spatial graphic representation of an English sentence with coordinators over a linear sentential representation in English as a foreign language (EFL) reading settings. Experiment 1, Study 1, examined whether readers studying EFL could better comprehend the sentence--in…

Contextual Determinants of School Teaching Intensity in the Teaching of Adult Immigrant Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christophersen, Knut-Andreas; Elstad, Eyvind; Turmo, Are

2011-01-01

The integration policies in some Northern European countries display relatively poor outcomes of passed exam rates for immigrant language training, and several groups of immigrants have very low employment rates. These measures, in many countries, are strong incentives for host-country language acquisition in addition to the obligation to document…

Language Development in Nonverbal Autistic Children Using a Simultaneous Communication System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creedon, Margaret Procyk

Twenty-one nonverbal autistic children, 4- to 9-years-old, with language ages of 4- to 24-months, participated in the communication learning program from 1 to 3 years. Simultaneous verbal and manual signs were chosen as the communications mode. The children initially displayed infrequent, unrecognizable vocalizations (Screeches, or vocal…

Linguistic Landscape in Singapore: What Shop Names Reveal about Singapore's Multilingualism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shang, Guowen; Guo, Libo

2017-01-01

The visibility and salience of specific languages in public spaces are important parameters of their ethnolinguistic vitality in a society. Drawing upon data from first-hand fieldwork, this paper explores the display of multiple languages in shop names presented in Singapore's neighbourhood centres in order to reveal how local shop owners address…

Epistemic Search Sequences in Peer Interaction in a Content-Based Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jakonen, Teppo; Morton, Tom

2015-01-01

Epistemics in interaction refers to how participants display, manage, and orient to their own and others' states of knowledge. This article applies recent conversation analytical work on epistemics to classrooms where language and content instruction are combined. It focuses on Epistemic Search Sequences (ESSs) through which students in peer…

Behavioral Problems and Reading Difficulties among Language Minority and Monolingual Urban Elementary School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pierce, Margaret E.; Wechsler-Zimring, Adrianna; Noam, Gil; Wolf, Maryanne; Katzir, Tami

2013-01-01

This study examined the potentially compounding effect of language minority (LM) status on problem behaviors among urban second and third grade-level poor readers. Univariate analyses showed that a disproportionate percentage of both LM and English monolingual (L1) poor readers already displayed clinically significant levels of anxiety, social…

The WRITEACOURSE Language: Programming Manual. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zosel, Mary; And Others

WRITEACOURSE is a programing language for man-computer interactions. It was originally designed for writing computer assisted instruction courses, but it can also be used to control a remote terminal in a variety of applications which involve display and editing of characters. It is not suited for applications which use the computer as an…

How the Ventral Pathway Got Lost--And What Its Recovery Might Mean

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiller, Cornelius; Bormann, Tobias; Saur, Dorothee; Musso, Mariachristina; Rijntjes, Michel

2011-01-01

Textbooks dealing with the anatomical representation of language in the human brain display two language-related zones, Broca's area and Wernicke's area, connected by a single dorsal fiber tract, the arcuate fascicle. This classical model is incomplete. Modern imaging techniques have identified a second long association tract between the temporal…

Language Development in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finestack, Lizbeth H.; Richmond, Erica K.; Abbeduto, Leonard

2009-01-01

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. The syndrome is caused by a single gene mutation on the X chromosome. Although individual differences are large, most individuals with FXS display weaknesses across all language and literacy domains compared with peers of the same chronological age with typical…

Intercultural Orientations as Japanese Language Learners' Motivation in Mainland China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lv, Leining; Gao, Xuesong; Teo, Timothy

2017-01-01

This article reports on a study that investigated how 665 Japanese language learners, who had started learning Japanese at different times in the last 3 decades, had been motivated to learn Japanese in China. Analysis of the survey data revealed that the participants displayed similar intercultural orientations when learning Japanese despite the…

Experimental Study of Gender Effects on Language Use in College Students' Email to Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas-Tate, Shurita; Daugherty, Timothy K.; Bartkoski, Timothy J.

2017-01-01

Anecdotal reports have arisen regarding gender bias in electronic communication on college campuses. In an experiment designed to test language use in different gender contexts, participants were asked to compose an email to a professor whose gender had been experimentally manipulated. Female students, but not male students, displayed lower…

Action or Reaction, Learning or Display: Interactional Development and Usage-Based Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huth, Thorsten

2013-01-01

This paper investigates how instances of language use can serve as analytic anchors for insight into interactional development over time. I present a usage-based, longitudinal study of multi-turn sequences underlying telephone openings in order to specify if and to whom "language learning" may be relevantly ascribed. Two successive…

A Display of Patterns of Change in Learners' Motivation: Dynamics Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sel?uk, Özge; Erten, Ismail Hakki

2017-01-01

Getting to understand patterns and causes of motivational changes experienced by language learners while studying a foreign language can be of significant value. This paper aims to explore patterns of such fluctuations at the tertiary level. Through a dynamic systems perspective, this study employed Retrodictive Qualitative Modelling to generate…

Subliminal display of action words interferes with motor planning: a combined EEG and kinematic study.

PubMed

Boulenger, Véronique; Silber, Beata Y; Roy, Alice C; Paulignan, Yves; Jeannerod, Marc; Nazir, Tatjana A

2008-01-01

Recent evidence has shown that processing action-related language and motor action share common neural representations to a point that the two processes can interfere when performed concurrently. To support the assumption that language-induced motor activity contributes to action word understanding, the present study aimed at ruling out that this activity results from mental imagery of the movements depicted by the words. For this purpose, we examined cross-talk between action word processing and an arm reaching movement, using words that were presented too fast to be consciously perceived (subliminally). Encephalogram (EEG) and movement kinematics were recorded. EEG recordings of the "Readiness potential" ("RP", indicator of motor preparation) revealed that subliminal displays of action verbs during movement preparation reduced the RP and affected the subsequent reaching movement. The finding that motor processes were modulated by language processes despite the fact that words were not consciously perceived, suggests that cortical structures that serve the preparation and execution of motor actions are indeed part of the (action) language processing network.

Language in Early Childhood Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cazden, Courtney B., Ed.

Eight articles about oral language education for preschool children are presented. They are: (1) a point of view on oral language education--"Suggestions from Studies of Early Language Acquisition,""Language Programs for Young Children: Notes from England and Wales," and "The Issue of Structure," by Courtney Cazden; (2) suggestions for curriculum…

The Missing Link in Vision and Governance: Foreign Language Acquisition Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramsch, Claire J.

1987-01-01

Foreign language acquisition research (concerned with the theoretical and practical issues related to socialization into and literacy in another language and culture) can help integrate language, literature, and culture in foreign language departments because it draws on insights gained from such diverse fields as anthropology, sociology,…

Language and Social Identity Construction: A Study of a Russian Heritage Language Orthodox Christian School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Ekaterina Leonidovna

2012-01-01

Grounded in discourse analytic and language socialization paradigms, this dissertation examines issues of language and social identity construction in children attending a Russian Heritage Language Orthodox Christian Saturday School in California. By conducting micro-analysis of naturally-occurring talk-in-interaction combined with longitudinal…

Language Assessment Literacy: Implications for Language Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giraldo, Frank

2018-01-01

Recently, the applied linguistics field has examined the knowledge, skills, and principles needed for assessment, defined as language assessment literacy. Two major issues in language assessment literacy have been addressed but not fully resolved--what exactly language assessment literacy is and how it differs among stakeholders (e.g., students…

Online Collaborative Communities of Learning for Pre-Service Teachers of Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Anne-Marie

2015-01-01

University programs for preparing preservice teachers of languages for teaching in schools generally involve generic pedagogy, methodology, curriculum, programming and issues foci, that provide a bridge between the study of languages (or recognition of existing language proficiency) and the teaching of languages. There is much territory to cover…

Communicating about quantity without a language model: number devices in homesign grammar.

PubMed

Coppola, Marie; Spaepen, Elizabet; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2013-01-01

All natural languages have formal devices for communicating about number, be they lexical (e.g., two, many) or grammatical (e.g., plural markings on nouns and/or verbs). Here we ask whether linguistic devices for number arise in communication systems that have not been handed down from generation to generation. We examined deaf individuals who had not been exposed to a usable model of conventional language (signed or spoken), but had nevertheless developed their own gestures, called homesigns, to communicate. Study 1 examined four adult homesigners and a hearing communication partner for each homesigner. The adult homesigners produced two main types of number gestures: gestures that enumerated sets (cardinal number marking), and gestures that signaled one vs. more than one (non-cardinal number marking). Both types of gestures resembled, in form and function, number signs in established sign languages and, as such, were fully integrated into each homesigner's gesture system and, in this sense, linguistic. The number gestures produced by the homesigners' hearing communication partners displayed some, but not all, of the homesigners' linguistic patterns. To better understand the origins of the patterns displayed by the adult homesigners, Study 2 examined a child homesigner and his hearing mother, and found that the child's number gestures displayed all of the properties found in the adult homesigners' gestures, but his mother's gestures did not. The findings suggest that number gestures and their linguistic use can appear relatively early in homesign development, and that hearing communication partners are not likely to be the source of homesigners' linguistic expressions of non-cardinal number. Linguistic devices for number thus appear to be so fundamental to language that they can arise in the absence of conventional linguistic input. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Communicating about quantity without a language model: Number devices in homesign grammar

PubMed Central

Coppola, Marie; Spaepen, Elizabet; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2013-01-01

All natural languages have formal devices for communicating about number, be they lexical (e.g., two, many) or grammatical (e.g., plural markings on nouns and/or verbs). Here we ask whether linguistic devices for number arise in communication systems that have not been handed down from generation to generation. We examined deaf individuals who had not been exposed to a usable model of conventional language (signed or spoken), but had nevertheless developed their own gestures, called homesigns, to communicate. Study 1 examined four adult homesigners and a hearing communication partner for each homesigner. The adult homesigners produced two main types of number gestures: gestures that enumerated sets (cardinal number marking), and gestures that signaled one vs. more than one (non-cardinal number marking). Both types of gestures resembled, in form and function, number signs in established sign languages and, as such, were fully integrated into each homesigner's gesture system and, in this sense, linguistic. The number gestures produced by the homesigners’ hearing communication partners displayed some, but not all, of the homesigners’ linguistic patterns. To better understand the origins of the patterns displayed by the adult homesigners, Study 2 examined a child homesigner and his hearing mother, and found that the child's number gestures displayed all of the properties found in the adult homesigners’ gestures, but his mother's gestures did not. The findings suggest that number gestures and their linguistic use can appear relatively early in homesign development, and that hearing communication partners are not likely to be the source of homesigners’ linguistic expressions of non-cardinal number. Linguistic devices for number thus appear to be so fundamental to language that they can arise in the absence of conventional linguistic input. PMID:23872365

Teaching Controversial Issues in the JLL Classroom for Chinese Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shimojimai, Yasuko

2017-01-01

This paper discusses how teachers explore teaching controversial issues in the Japanese language classroom to Japanese language learner (JLL) or culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students who have different cultural and political backgrounds. Assuring educational opportunities with consideration of JLLs' background is important…

Reading, Language Arts & Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthew, Kathy, Ed.

This document contains the following papers on educational technology issues related to reading, language arts, and literacy: (1) "The Infusion of Technology into a Teacher Education Course: Issues and Strategies" (Mary Ann Kolloff); (2) "Project READ: Developing Online Course Materials for a Reading Methods Class" (Judith A.…

Revitalizing Indigenous Languages. Papers presented at the Annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium (5th, Louisville, KY, May 15-16, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reyhner, Jon, Ed.; Cantoni, Gina, Ed.; St. Clair, Robert N., Ed.; Yazzie, Evangeline Parsons, Ed.

This volume of conference papers examines issues and approaches in the revitalization of American Indian and other indigenous languages. Sections discuss obstacles and opportunities for language revitalization, language revitalization efforts and approaches, the role of writing in language revitalization, and using technology in language…

ELT Teacher Trainees' Attitudes towards Environmental Education and Their Tendency to Use It in the Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gursoy, Esim; Saglam, Gulderen T.

2011-01-01

With the change of focus in language teaching from grammar-based approaches to more communicative approaches, contextual language learning gained importance and found body in the English Language classroom. Global issues constitute one of the most popular contexts for purposeful language learning and meaningful language use. Increasing number of…

Basic Numeracy Abilities of Xhosa Reception Year Students in South Africa: Language Policy Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feza, Nosisi Nellie

2016-01-01

Language in mathematics learning and teaching has a significant role in influencing performance. Literature on language in mathematics learning has evolved from language as a barrier to language as a cultural tool, and recently more research has argued for use of home language as an instructional tool in mathematics classrooms. However, the…

Views from the Streets of Accra on Language Policy in Ghana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadat, Mohammed; Kuwornu, Mohammed

2017-01-01

Issues of national language are very complex in Africa because of the multi-lingual situation on the continent. The situation is even more severe when a country attempts to choose one of the indigenous languages as its national language. Most African nations have peacefully chosen foreign languages as their official languages but there is always a…

Assessing the Language Proficiency of Tribal Heritage Language Learners: Issues and Concerns for American Indian Pueblo Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sims, Christine

2008-01-01

Among American Indian Pueblo tribes, community-based language revitalisation initiatives have been established in response to a growing language shift towards English. This has been most prominent among school age children, prompting some tribes to extend tribal language programmes into local public schools. For centuries, the transmission of…

A Working Model for Assessing Spanish Heritage Language Learners' Language Proficiency through a Placement Exam

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fairclough, Marta

2012-01-01

Having a clear idea of the knowledge in the heritage language that a student brings to the classroom is essential for a successful language-learning experience; for that reason, research in heritage language education has been focusing increasingly on assessment issues, especially language placement exams. Professionals debate whether assessment…

Language is also a place of struggle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nhalevilo, Emilia A.

2011-06-01

This paper is written in response to a paper by Maria Rivera on issues of language and identity. I give an autobiographical account of my own experiences in relation to language identity and colonialism. I relate language and issues of alienation during the colonial time and I reflect on how that past is still currently distorting the way we look at our local language. I depict some episodes that, although they cannot be generalized, show how colonialism still deforms our cultural liberty. I conclude that only with cultural emancipation can we teach in a truly contextualized manner and do research based on our context. Only with cultural liberty we can be emancipated in the context of globalisation.

Textbook presentations of weight: Conceptual difficulties and language ambiguities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taibu, Rex; Rudge, David; Schuster, David

2015-06-01

The term "weight" has multiple related meanings in both scientific and everyday usage. Even among experts and in textbooks, weight is ambiguously defined as either the gravitational force on an object or operationally as the magnitude of the force an object exerts on a measuring scale. This poses both conceptual and language difficulties for learners, especially for accelerating objects where the scale reading is different from the gravitational force. But while the underlying physical constructs behind the two referents for the term weight (and their relation to each other) are well understood scientifically, it is unclear how the concept of weight should be introduced to students and how the language ambiguities should be dealt with. We investigated treatments of weight in a sample of twenty introductory college physics textbooks, analyzing and coding their content based on the definition adopted, how the distinct constructs were dealt with in various situations, terminologies used, and whether and how language issues were handled. Results indicate that language-related issues, such as different, inconsistent, or ambiguous uses of the terms weight, "apparent weight," and "weightlessness," were prevalent both across and within textbooks. The physics of the related constructs was not always clearly presented, particularly for accelerating bodies such as astronauts in spaceships, and the language issue was rarely addressed. Our analysis of both literature and textbooks leads us to an instructional position which focuses on the physics constructs before introducing the term weight, and which explicitly discusses the associated language issues.

Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karolides, Nicholas J., Ed.

1985-01-01

The articles in this journal issue explore classroom methods for enhancing language acquisition. The titles of the articles and their authors are as follows: (1) Forests and Trees: Conservation and Reforestation" (Joyce S. Steward); (2) "Using Literature to Teach Language" (Richard D. Cureton); (3) "Language Learning through…

Contemporary Accounts of the Cognition/Language Relationship: Implications for Speech-Language Clinicians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Mabel L.

1983-01-01

A review of research on how cognition relates to language in children with language impairments discusses terminology and analyzes the basic mapping problem. Evidence for a variety of hypotheses related to the issue are examined. (CL)

The Tug of War between Phonological, Semantic and Shape Information in Language-Mediated Visual Search

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huettig, Falk; McQueen, James M.

2007-01-01

Experiments 1 and 2 examined the time-course of retrieval of phonological, visual-shape and semantic knowledge as Dutch participants listened to sentences and looked at displays of four pictures. Given a sentence with "beker," "beaker," for example, the display contained phonological (a beaver, "bever"), shape (a…

Usability and utility evaluation of the web-based "Should I Start Insulin?" patient decision aid for patients with type 2 diabetes among older people.

PubMed

Lee, Yew Kong; Lee, Ping Yein; Ng, Chirk Jenn; Teo, Chin Hai; Abu Bakar, Ahmad Ihsan; Abdullah, Khatijah Lim; Khoo, Ee Ming; Hanafi, Nik Sherina; Low, Wah Yun; Chiew, Thiam Kian

2018-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate the usability (ease of use) and utility (impact on user's decision-making process) of a web-based patient decision aid (PDA) among older-age users. A pragmatic, qualitative research design was used. We recruited patients with type 2 diabetes who were at the point of making a decision about starting insulin from a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia in 2014. Computer screen recording software was used to record the website browsing session and in-depth interviews were conducted while playing back the website recording. The interviews were analyzed using the framework approach to identify usability and utility issues. Three cycles of iteration were conducted until no more major issues emerged. Thirteen patients participated: median age 65 years old, 10 men, and nine had secondary education/diploma, four were graduates/had postgraduate degree. Four usability issues were identified (navigation between pages and sections, a layout with open display, simple language, and equipment preferences). For utility, participants commented that the website influenced their decision about insulin in three ways: it had provided information about insulin, it helped them deliberate choices using the option-attribute matrix, and it allowed them to involve others in their decision making by sharing the PDA summary printout.

Globalisation, Language and Education: A Comparative Study of the United States and Tanzania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy-Campbell, Zaline M.

2001-07-01

Educational language choice has been one of the most provocative issues of the 20th century and continues to be a dominant issue at the turn of the new millennium. Efforts to naturalize English as the only suitable language for post primary school education persist in many African countries, including Tanzania. In the United States the campaign for "English only" in the schools is gaining momentum, despite the increasing multilingual population in the schools. Focusing on Tanzania and the United States, this article examines the fallacy of a monolingual, English only, policy in education. It examines the ethos surrounding the debate about the language of instruction, and considers some of the detrimental effects upon students of attempting to impose a monolingual policy. Finally, the paper suggests possible roles of educators and researchers in fostering international understanding of educational language issues as one aspect of the quest for global peace and social justice in the 21st century.

Asian American Education: Identities, Racial Issues, and Languages. Research on the Education of Asian Pacific Americans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rong, Xue Lan, Ed.; Endo, Russell, Ed.

2011-01-01

Asian American Education--Asian American Identities, Racial Issues, and Languages presents groundbreaking research that critically challenges the invisibility, stereotyping, and common misunderstandings of Asian Americans by disrupting "customary" discourse and disputing "familiar" knowledge. The chapters in this anthology…

Second-Language Issues and Multiculturalism, Part 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mallozzi, Christine A., Comp.; Malloy, Jacquelynn A., Comp.

2007-01-01

This compilation represents the second installment of reports on second language and multicultural issues. Six of the 13 international reports received in response to the questionnaire were published in "Reading Research Quarterly," volume 42, number 3. These seven reports were filed by International Research Correspondents (IRC) and are…

Language Emergence

PubMed Central

Brentari, Diane; Goldin-Meadow, Susan

2017-01-01

Language emergence describes moments in historical time when nonlinguistic systems become linguistic. Because language can be invented de novo in the manual modality, this offers insight into the emergence of language in ways that the oral modality cannot. Here we focus on homesign, gestures developed by deaf individuals who cannot acquire spoken language and have not been exposed to sign language. We contrast homesign with (a) gestures that hearing individuals produce when they speak, as these cospeech gestures are a potential source of input to homesigners, and (b) established sign languages, as these codified systems display the linguistic structure that homesign has the potential to assume. We find that the manual modality takes on linguistic properties, even in the hands of a child not exposed to a language model. But it grows into full-blown language only with the support of a community that transmits the system to the next generation.* PMID:29034268

Feasibility of using a knowledge-based system concept for in-flight primary flight display research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ricks, Wendell R.

1991-01-01

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using knowledge-based systems architectures for inflight research of primary flight display information management issues. The feasibility relied on the ability to integrate knowledge-based systems with existing onboard aircraft systems. And, given the hardware and software platforms available, the feasibility also depended on the ability to use interpreted LISP software with the real time operation of the primary flight display. In addition to evaluating these feasibility issues, the study determined whether the software engineering advantages of knowledge-based systems found for this application in the earlier workstation study extended to the inflight research environment. To study these issues, two integrated knowledge-based systems were designed to control the primary flight display according to pre-existing specifications of an ongoing primary flight display information management research effort. These two systems were implemented to assess the feasibility and software engineering issues listed. Flight test results were successful in showing the feasibility of using knowledge-based systems inflight with actual aircraft data.

Algeria: Country Status Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McFerren, Margaret

A survey of the status of language usage in Algeria begins with an overview of the usage patterns of Arabic, the Berber languages, and French. The country's return to Arabic as its official language after independence from France in 1962 is discussed along with the resultant language planning, issues of language of instruction at the elementary,…

Accommodating Taboo Language in English Language Teaching: Issues of Appropriacy and Authenticity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liyanage, Indika; Walker, Tony; Bartlett, Brendan; Guo, Xuhong

2015-01-01

Culturally specific language practices related to vernacular uses of taboo language such as swearing represent a socially communicative minefield for learners of English. The role of classroom learning experiences to prepare learners for negotiation of taboo language use in social interactions is correspondingly complicated and ignored in much of…

Addressing Cultural and Native Language Interference in Second Language Acquisition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allard, Daniele; Bourdeau, Jacqueline; Mizoguchi, Riichiro

2011-01-01

This paper addresses the problem of cultural and native language interference in second/foreign language acquisition. More specifically, it examines issues of interference that can be traced to a student's native language and that also have a cultural component. To this effect, an understanding of what actually comprises both interference and…

"Languaging the Worker: Globalized Governmentalities in/of Language in Peripheral Spaces"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dlaske, Kati; Barakos, Elisabeth; Motobayashi, Kyoko; McLaughlin, Mireille

2016-01-01

In the introduction to the special issue "Languaging the worker: globalized governmentalities in/of language in peripheral spaces", we take up the notion of governmentality as a means to interrogate the complex relationship between language, labor, power, and subjectivity in peripheral multilingual spaces. Our aim here is to argue for…

Minimalism and Beyond: Second Language Acquisition for the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balcom, Patricia A.

2001-01-01

Provides a general overview of two books--"The Second Time Around: Minimalism and Second Language Acquisition" and "Second Language Syntax: A Generative Introduction--and shows how the respond to key issues in second language acquisition, including the process of second language acquisition, access to universal grammar, the role of…

Language and Literacy: The Case of India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sridhar, Kamal K.

Language and literacy issues in India are reviewed in terms of background, steps taken to combat illiteracy, and some problems associated with literacy. The following facts are noted: India has 106 languages spoken by more than 685 million people, there are several minor script systems, a major language has different dialects, a language may use…

Situating Language Production within the Matrix of Human Cognition: The State of the Art in Language Production Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldrick, Matthew; Costa, Albert; Schiller, Niels O.

2008-01-01

A summary of recent work in language production is presented, focusing on the "Third International Workshop on Language Production" (Chicago, USA, August 2006). The articles included in this special issue focus on three overlapping themes: language production in dialogue (Arnold; Costa, Pickering, & Sorace); multilingual language…

LADO as a Language Test: Issues of Validity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNamara, Tim; Van Den Hazelkamp, Carolien; Verrips, Maaike

2016-01-01

This article brings together the theoretical field of language testing and the practical field of language analysis for the determination of the origin of asylum seekers. It considers what it would mean to think of language analysis as a form of language test, subject to the same validity constraints, and proposes a research agenda.

Workpapers in Teaching English as a Second Language. Vol. 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Povey, John, Ed.

This is the tenth annual issue of the UCLA TESL (teaching English as a second language) workpapers. It includes the following papers: (1) "An Attempt to Model the Role of Cognitions in Language Learning," by R.L. Allwright; (2) "A Comparison of Language Proficiency Tests," by J. Donald Bowen; (3) "Language Study Through…

Issues in Vertical Scaling of a K-12 English Language Proficiency Test

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenyon, Dorry M.; MacGregor, David; Li, Dongyang; Cook, H. Gary

2011-01-01

One of the mandates of the No Child Left Behind Act is that states show adequate yearly progress in their English language learners' (ELLs) acquisition of English language proficiency. States are required to assess ELLs' English language proficiency annually in four language domains (listening, reading, writing, and speaking) to measure their…

Lifting Every Voice: Pedagogy and Politics of Bilingualism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beykont, Zeynep F., Ed.

Essays in this collection deal with the complex pedagogical and political issues of language-minority education in U.S. public schools. The book focuses on language-minority students in bilingual programs, those who receive some instruction in their native languages. The essays are: (1) "Language Loss and Language Gain in the Brazilian Community:…

Research in Natural Language Understanding

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-31

REFERENCES 159 APPENDIX A 1 A. 2 A. 3 A. 4 A. 5 A. PLAN-RELATED INFERENCE PROCEDURES ACTION -topian: ACTION -toplanrecog: S-REQUEST-INFORMlF...speech acts and attached procedures> The system’s model of its display actions . Taxonomy of display actions . The display scope after sentence 3...34. At various points the system is in a state where it needs to determine which of a large number of possible rules of action are applicable to its

Language Development Versus the Teaching of the Standard Language. Lektos: Interdisciplinary Working Papers in Language Sciences, Special Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdes-Fallis, Guadalupe

This paper examines the problem of language development and language growth in the English-dominant Spanish-speaking student who intends to increase his total command of Spanish for the purpose of functioning in that language at a level equivalent to that of most educated Latin Americans. Observations are based on the experiences of…

Deaf Education Policy as Language Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Sweden and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hult, Francis M.; Compton, Sarah E.

2012-01-01

The role of languages is a central issue in deaf education. The function of sign languages in education and deaf students' opportunities to develop linguistic abilities in both sign languages and the dominant language(s) of a society are key considerations (Hogan-Brun 2009; Reagan 2010, 53; Swanwick 2010a). Accordingly, what Kaplan and Baldauf…

Foreign Language Teaching in Rudolf Steiner Schools. Guidelines for Class-Teachers and Language Teachers. First Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stott, Michael

This book is intended for foreign language teachers interested in the approaches used in Rudolf Steiner schools, and also classroom teachers who teach foreign languages. Chapters address these issues: what the language lesson is to achieve; how the language lesson differs from other lessons; lesson design; examples of actual lessons; avoiding the…

Executive functions and language in children with different subtypes of specific language impairment.

PubMed

Acosta Rodríguez, V; Ramírez Santana, G M; Hernández Expósito, S

The marked heterogeneity among children diagnosed with specific language impairment (SLI) highlights the importance of studying and describing cases based on the distinction between the expressive and receptive-expressive SLI subtypes. The main objective of this study was to examine neuropsychological, linguistic, and narrative behaviours in children with different SLI subtypes. A comprehensive battery of language and neuropsychological tests was administered to a total of 58 children (29 with SLI and 29 normal controls) between 5.60 and 11.20 years old. Both SLI subtypes performed more poorly than the control group in language skills, narrative, and executive function. Furthermore, the expressive SLI group demonstrated substantial ungrammaticality, as well as problems with verbal fluency and both verbal and spatial working memory, while the receptive-expressive SLI subtype displayed poorer neuropsychological performance in general. Our findings showed that children with either SLI subtype displayed executive dysfunctions that were not limited to verbal tasks but rather extended to nonverbal measures. This could reflect a global cognitive difficulty which, along with declining linguistic and narrative skills, illustrates the complex profile of this impairment. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Trends & Issues in Elementary Language Arts, 2000 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Bonny, Ed.

This publication contains journal essays and book chapters (from publications of the National Council of Teachers of English) which address trends and issues in elementary language arts education. The following articles appear in the publication's first section, "Writing and a Move to New Literacies": (1) "Sacred Cows: Questioning…

How Professionally Relevant Can Language Tests Be?: The Author Responds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wette, Rosemary

2012-01-01

In this article, the author clarifies and comments further on some of the issues raised in John Pill's response to her commentary on "English Proficiency Tests and Communication Skills Training for Overseas-Qualifies Health Professionals in Australia and New Zealand" in the recent special issue of "Language Assessment…

Design in Four Diagnostic Language Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cumming, Alister

2015-01-01

The studies documented in the four articles in this special issue uniquely exemplify principles of design-based research as follows: by taking innovative approaches to significant problems in the contexts of real educational practices; by addressing fundamental pedagogical and policy issues related to language, learning, and teaching; and, in the…

Issues for the 1990s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiner, Edith; Brown, Arnold

1986-01-01

Discussed are the issues now emerging that seem likely to dominate thinking, planning, and decision-making in the United States and elsewhere during the next decade. These include campus unrest, China as a world economic force, controlling health-care, birth defects, role of the computer in education, and human language/computer language. (RM)

Issues for a Model of Language Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bamgbose, Ayo

1989-01-01

Examines the following issues as they relate to a model of language planning: (1) types of decisions (policy or implemental, higher- or lower-level, rational or arbitrary); (2) the planning mechanism; (3) the role of fact finding (prepolicy, preimplementation, and intraimplementation); (4) levels of planning; and (5) the nature of status versus…

The Teacher Trainer: A Practical Journal Mainly for Modern Language Teacher Trainers, 1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodward, Tessa, Ed.

1992-01-01

This document consists of the three issues of the serial "The Teacher Trainer" issued during 1992. Articles include: "Resistance to Change in Teacher Training Courses"; "Teacher Training Games Series: Game 6: Language Bridge"; "How Trainees Can Provide a Resource for Staff Development"; "Do Unto Them As…

Ethical Issues in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Perceptions of Teachers and Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Shudong; Heffernan, Neil

2010-01-01

Pedagogical theories and the applications of information technology for language learning have been widely researched in various dimensions. However, ethical issues, such as online privacy and security, and learners' personal data disclosure, are not receiving enough research attention. The perceptions and attitudes from those who participate in…

Culture, morality and individual differences: comparability and incomparability across species.

PubMed

Saucier, Gerard

2018-04-19

Major routes to identifying individual differences (in diverse species) include studies of behaviour patterns as represented in language and neurophysiology. But results from these approaches appear not to converge on some major dimensions. Identifying dimensions of human variation least applicable to non-human species may help to partition human-specific individual differences of recent evolutionary origin from those shared across species. Human culture includes learned, enforced social-norm systems that are symbolically reinforced and referenced in displays signalling adherence. At a key juncture in human evolution bullying aggression and deception-based cheating apparently became censured in the language of a moral community, enabling mutual observation coordinated in gossip, associated with external sanctions. That still-conserved cultural paradigm moralistically regulates selfish advantage-taking, with shared semantics and explicit rules. Ethics and moral codes remain critical and universal components of human culture and have a stronger imprint in language than most aspects of the currently popular Big-Five taxonomy, a model that sets out five major lines of individual-differences variation in human personality. In other species (e.g. chimpanzees), human observers might see apparent individual differences in morality-relevant traits, but not because the animals have human-analogue sanctioning systems. Removing the moral dimension of personality and other human-specific manifestations (e.g. religion) may aid in identifying those other bases of individual differences more ubiquitous across species.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'. © 2018 The Author(s).

Processing Academic Language through Four Corners Vocabulary Chart Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Sarah; Sanchez, Claudia; Betty, Sharon; Davis, Shiloh

2016-01-01

4 Corners Vocabulary Charts (FCVCs) are explored as a multipurpose vehicle for processing academic language in a 5th-grade classroom. FCVCs typically display a vocabulary word, an illustration of the word, synonyms associated with the word, a sentence using a given vocabulary word, and a definition of the term in students' words. The use of…

The Effects of Social and Experiential Factors on the Interactions between the Phonetic Systems of Diglossic Bilinguals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Law, Wai Ling

2017-01-01

In diglossic contexts, when speakers typically use two different languages on a regular basis, bilingual speakers display a wide array of attitudes towards each of their languages and associated cultures (Galindo, 1995) and such variability in attitudes can affect their linguistic behaviors (Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner & Fillenbaum, 1960).…

Speech Rhythm of Monolingual and Bilingual Children at age 2;6: Cantonese and English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mok, Peggy P. K.

2013-01-01

Previous studies have showed that at age 3;0, monolingual children acquiring rhythmically different languages display distinct rhythmic patterns while the speech rhythm patterns of the languages of bilingual children are more similar. It is unclear whether the same observations can be found for younger children, at 2;6. This study compared five…

White Kids: Language, Race, and Styles of Youth Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bucholtz, Mary

2011-01-01

In White Kids, Mary Bucholtz investigates how white teenagers use language to display identities based on race and youth culture. Focusing on three youth styles--preppies, hip hop fans, and nerds--Bucholtz shows how white youth use a wealth of linguistic resources, from social labels to slang, from Valley Girl speech to African American English,…

Language Assessment with Children Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects: Examining the Effects of Scoring Modifications in Norm-Referenced Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendricks, Alison Eisel; Adlof, Suzanne M.

2017-01-01

Purpose: We compared outcomes from 2 measures of language ability in children who displayed a range of dialect variation: 1 using features that do not contrast between mainstream American English (MAE) and nonmainstream dialects (NMAE), and 1 using contrastive features. We investigated how modified scoring procedures affected the diagnostic…

BROWSER: An Automatic Indexing On-Line Text Retrieval System. Annual Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, J. H., Jr.

The development and testing of the Browsing On-line With Selective Retrieval (BROWSER) text retrieval system allowing a natural language query statement and providing on-line browsing capabilities through an IBM 2260 display terminal is described. The prototype system contains data bases of 25,000 German language patent abstracts, 9,000 English…

Inked Nostalgia: Displaying Identity through Tattoos as Hawaii Local Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hiramoto, Mie

2015-01-01

Almost a century after the end of the period of Japanese immigration to Hawaii plantations, the Japanese language is no longer the main medium of communication among local Japanese in Hawaii. Today, use of the Japanese language and associated traditional images are often used symbolically rather than literally to convey their meanings, and this is…

Language Visibility, Functionality and Meaning across Various Timespace Scales in Brussels' Multilingual Landscapes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vandenbroucke, Mieke

2015-01-01

This paper addresses the complex multilingual linguistic landscapes (LLs) of three strategically-chosen areas in global city Brussels by examining how language displays on public signage in these areas are used for different purposes, functions or intentions. The focus will be on meaning-construction in the post-Fordist globalised era as shaped by…

Demonstration of the Instantaneous Pitch Period Indicator in Classrooms of Deaf Children. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dolansky, Ladislav; And Others

A visual rhythm-intonation-duration display called Instantaneous Pitch-period Indicator (Amplitude-Intonation, Duration) (IPPI-AID) was used in several classrooms in a school for the deaf to determine its usefulness as an electromechanical aid for classroom language instruction with speech/language materials. It was found in all classroom levels,…

Minority Language Rights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O Riagain, Padraig; Shuibhne, Niamh Nic

1997-01-01

A survey of literature since 1990 on minority languages and language rights focuses on five issues: definition of minorities; individual vs. collective rights; legal bases for minority linguistic rights; applications and interpretations of minority language rights; and assessments of the impact of minority rights legislation. A nine-item annotated…

Language Magazine: The Journal of Communication & Education, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Ben, Ed.

2002-01-01

These 12 issues of the journal include articles on such topics as the following: classical languages; early literacy; ancient languages; study abroad; teacher training; dialects; computer uses in education; classroom techniques; illustrated dictionaries for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students; communication through poetry; bilingual…

The relation between language, culture, and thought.

PubMed

Imai, Mutsumi; Kanero, Junko; Masuda, Takahiko

2016-04-01

The relationship between culture, language, and thought has long been one of the most important topics for those who wish to understand the nature of human cognition. This issue has been investigated for decades across a broad range of research disciplines. However, there has been scant communication across these different disciplines, a situation largely arising through differences in research interests and discrepancies in the definitions of key terms such as 'culture,' 'language,' and 'thought.' This article reviews recent trends in research on the relation between language, culture and thought to capture how cognitive psychology and cultural psychology have defined 'language' and 'culture,' and how this issue was addressed within each research discipline. We then review recent research conducted in interdisciplinary perspectives, which directly compared the roles of culture and language. Finally, we highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between culture and language to provide a comprehensive picture of how language and culture affect thought. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of display issues relevant to the presentation of aircraft fault information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Donald M.

1989-01-01

This research, performed as a part of NASA Langley's Faultfinder project, investigated display implementation issues related to the introduction of real time fault diagnostic systems into next generation commercial aircraft. Three major issues were investigated: visual display styles for presenting fault related information to the crew, the form the output from the expert system should take, and methods for filtering fault related information for presentation to the crew. Twenty-four flight familiar male volunteers participated as subjects. Five subjects were NASA test pilots, six were Commercial Airline Pilots, seven were Air Force Lear Jet pilots, and six were NASA personnel familiar with flight (non-pilots). Subjects were presented with aircraft subsystem information on a CRT screen. They were required to identify the subsystems presented in a display and to remember the state (normal or abnormal) of subsystem parameter information contained in the display. The results of the study indicated that in the simpler experimental test cases (i.e., those involving single subsystem failures and composite hypothesis displays) subjects' performance did not differ across the different display formats. However, for the more complex cases (i.e., those involving multiple subsystem faults and multiple hypotheses displays), subjects' performance was superior in the text- and picture-based display formats compared to the symbol-based format. In addition, the findings suggest that a layered approached to information display is appropriate.

NCAP projection displays: key issues for commercialization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomita, Akira; Jones, Philip J.

1992-06-01

Recently there has been much interest in a new polymer nematic dispersion technology, often called as NCAP, PDLC, PNLC, LCPC, etc., since projection displays using this technology have been shown to produce much brighter display images than projectors using conventional twisted nematic (TN) lightvalves. For commercializing projection displays based on this polymer nematic dispersion technology, the new materials must not only meet various electro- optic requirements, e.g., operational voltage, `off-state'' scattering angle, voltage holding ratio and hysteresis, but must also be stable over the lifetime of the product. This paper reports recent progress in the development of NCAP based projection displays and discusses some of the key commercialization issues.

The signer and the sign: cortical correlates of person identity and language processing from point-light displays.

PubMed

Campbell, Ruth; Capek, Cheryl M; Gazarian, Karine; MacSweeney, Mairéad; Woll, Bencie; David, Anthony S; McGuire, Philip K; Brammer, Michael J

2011-09-01

In this study, the first to explore the cortical correlates of signed language (SL) processing under point-light display conditions, the observer identified either a signer or a lexical sign from a display in which different signers were seen producing a number of different individual signs. Many of the regions activated by point-light under these conditions replicated those previously reported for full-image displays, including regions within the inferior temporal cortex that are specialised for face and body-part identification, although such body parts were invisible in the display. Right frontal regions were also recruited - a pattern not usually seen in full-image SL processing. This activation may reflect the recruitment of information about person identity from the reduced display. A direct comparison of identify-signer and identify-sign conditions showed these tasks relied to a different extent on the posterior inferior regions. Signer identification elicited greater activation than sign identification in (bilateral) inferior temporal gyri (BA 37/19), fusiform gyri (BA 37), middle and posterior portions of the middle temporal gyri (BAs 37 and 19), and superior temporal gyri (BA 22 and 42). Right inferior frontal cortex was a further focus of differential activation (signer>sign). These findings suggest that the neural systems supporting point-light displays for the processing of SL rely on a cortical network including areas of the inferior temporal cortex specialized for face and body identification. While this might be predicted from other studies of whole body point-light actions (Vaina, Solomon, Chowdhury, Sinha, & Belliveau, 2001) it is not predicted from the perspective of spoken language processing, where voice characteristics and speech content recruit distinct cortical regions (Stevens, 2004) in addition to a common network. In this respect, our findings contrast with studies of voice/speech recognition (Von Kriegstein, Kleinschmidt, Sterzer, & Giraud, 2005). Inferior temporal regions associated with the visual recognition of a person appear to be required during SL processing, for both carrier and content information. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Motives for Language Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hickey, Raymond, Ed.

This collection of papers considers processes involved in language change and issues of how they can be modeled and studied. After "Introduction" (Raymond Hickey), there are 15 papers in 6 parts. Part 1, "The Phenomenon of Language Change," includes: (1) "On Change in 'E-language'" (Peter Matthews); and (2)…

Sprog, kultur, intersprog (Language, Culture, Interlanguage). ROLIG-Papir 57.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Risager, Karen, Ed.

Four articles on language, culture, and interlanguage are included in this volume. The first by Karen Risager, "Sprog, kultur, og internationalisering" ("Language, Culture, and Internationalization") takes issue with the very broad perception that foreign language and culture cannot be separated in instruction. The second article,…

New Perspectives and Issues in Educational Language Policy: A Festschrift for Bernard Dov Spolsky.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Robert L., Ed.; Shohamy, Elana, Ed.; Walters, Joel, Ed.

This edited volume contains 15 chapters. Part one, "Language Teaching, Language Learning, and Literacy," has three chapters: "The Monolingual Teaching and Bilingual Learning of English" (Henry G. Widdowson); "Literacy: The Extension of Languages Through Other Means" (Ellen Bialystok); "Bilingual Processing…

TEANGA: Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics, 1979-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Baoill, Donall P., Ed.

1993-01-01

This document consists of a complete run of the thirteen issues of "TEANGA" published since its inception in 1979 through 1993. Typical article topics include: linguistic research approaches and methodology; interlanguage, language transfer, and interference; second language instruction; language testing; language variation; discussion…

Bilingualism and Special Education: Program and Pedagogical Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cummins, Jim

1983-01-01

Application of the research-based principle that first and second language cognitive and academic development are interdependent and that language acquisition is largely dependent on students receiving sufficient comprehensible input in the target language is discussed in reference to program planning for academically at risk language minority…

Reflections on the Language Issues in Macau: Policies, Realities, and Prospects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ieong, Sylvia S. L.

Discussion of the role of languages in Macau focuses on three areas: forces in determination of language policy; actual language use in Macau; and prospects beyond 1999. Four main forces for language policy are identified: emergence of a middle class due to economic progress and access to higher education; arrival of well-educated, liberal…

What Is the Criterion of Interest in Identifying Limited-English Speaking Students: Language Dominance or Proficiency?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, Gary D.; Estes, Carole

The issue of using language proficiency or language dominance to assess programs for high school students with limited English speaking backgrounds is addressed. The development and initial analyses of the Competency Based Oral Language Assessment (COLA) are discussed. Three components of oral language are rated separately: semantics; syntax and…

Shaping the Future of Foreign Language Education: FLES, Articulation, and Proficiency. Report of Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lalande, John F. II, Ed.

Selected papers from the 1988 conference on foreign language issues for the future include: "Articulation for Elementary School Foreign Language Programs: Challenges and Opportunities" (Carol Ann Pesola); "Articulation: A Resolvable Problem?" (Dale L. Lange); "Profiles of Frustration: Second Language Learners with Specific Learning Disabilities"…

Language Planning Agency in China: From the Perspective of the Language Academies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Shouhui; Shang, Guowen

2016-01-01

Prof. Baldauf was one of the first who saw the planning agency as a central issue in examining the effectiveness of language planning (LP) endeavors (e.g. Baldauf, R. B. Jr. (1982). "The language situation in American Samoa: Planners, plans and planning." "Language Planning Newsletter," 1(8), 1-6). This paper chooses the…

Integrating Culture into Language Teaching and Learning: Learner Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Trang Thi Thuy

2017-01-01

This paper discusses the issue of learner outcomes in learning culture as part of their language learning. First, some brief discussion on the role of culture in language teaching and learning, as well as on culture contents in language lessons is presented. Based on a detailed review of previous literature related to culture in language teaching…

"Foreign Language Activities" in Japanese Elementary Schools: Negotiating Teacher Roles and Identities within a New Language Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horii, Sachiko Yokoi

2012-01-01

In 2008, a new language education policy called "Gaikokugo Katsudou" [Foreign Language Activities] was issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology (MEXT) in Japan. Effective 2011, foreign language education became mandatory in all Japanese public elementary schools for the first time. With this dramatic…

Issues and Trends in Language Testing and Assessment in Thailand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prapphal, Kanchana

2008-01-01

This paper aims to present an overview of language testing in Thailand. Language testing practices in the past are also reviewed. Attention is paid to the washback effects of language tests, the use of language tests in school admissions, questions of test validity, the emergence of standardized tests, the influence of societal values on testing…

Staff Report to the Senior Department Official on Recognition Compliance Issues. Recommendation Page: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA) is a national accrediting agency of graduate education programs in audiology or speech-language pathology. The CAA currently accredits or or preaccredits 319 programs (247 in speech-language pathology and 72 in…

English and Identity in Multicultural Contexts: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lie, Anita

2017-01-01

The increasing dominance of English has brought implications in language policy and the teaching of English in the multicultural Indonesia. A high power language such as English is taught in schools as a language of modern communication, while the national language is regarded as a force of unifying the nation and local languages as carriers of…

Language Lateralisation in Late Proficient Bilinguals: A Lexical Decision fMRI Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Haeme R. P.; Badzakova-Trajkov, Gjurgjica; Waldie, Karen E.

2012-01-01

Approximately half the world's population can now speak more than one language. Understanding the neural basis of language organisation in bilinguals, and whether the cortical networks involved during language processing differ from that of monolinguals, is therefore an important area of research. A main issue concerns whether L2 (second language)…

Minority Language Abandonment in Welsh-Medium Educated L2 Male Adolescents: Classroom, Not Chatroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Abigail Ruth; Tamburelli, Marco

2016-01-01

The education system has played a crucial role in Welsh language maintenance, with Welsh-medium education providing a central locus of language transmission. However, language transmission through education is not without pitfalls. This paper discusses the impact of top-down minority language transmission and the growing issue of formal domain…

The Quest for Fairness in Language Testing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karami, Hossein

2013-01-01

The search for fairness in language testing is distinct from other areas of educational measurement as the object of measurement, that is, language, is part of the identity of the test takers. So, a host of issues enter the scene when one starts to reflect on how to assess people's language abilities. As the quest for fairness in language testing…

[Hemispheric asymmetry modulation for language processing in aging: meta-analysis of studies using the dichotic listening test].

PubMed

Vanhoucke, Elodie; Cousin, Emilie; Baciu, Monica

2013-03-01

Growing evidence suggests that age impacts on interhemispheric representation of language. Dichotic listening test allows assessing language lateralization for spoken language and it generally reveals right-ear/left-hemisphere (LH) predominance for language in young adult subjects. According to reported results, elderly would display increasing LH predominance in some studies or stable LH language lateralization for language in others ones. The aim of this study was to depict the main pattern of results in respect with the effect of normal aging on the hemisphere specialization for language by using dichotic listening test. A meta-analysis based on 11 studies has been performed. The inter-hemisphere asymmetry does not seem to increase according to age. A supplementary qualitative analysis suggests that right-ear advantage seems to increase between 40 and 49 y old and becomes stable or decreases after 55 y old, suggesting right-ear/LH decline.

New Frontiers in Language Evolution and Development.

PubMed

Oller, D Kimbrough; Dale, Rick; Griebel, Ulrike

2016-04-01

This article introduces the Special Issue and its focus on research in language evolution with emphasis on theory as well as computational and robotic modeling. A key theme is based on the growth of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo. The Special Issue consists of 13 articles organized in two sections: A) Theoretical foundations and B) Modeling and simulation studies. All the papers are interdisciplinary in nature, encompassing work in biological and linguistic foundations for the study of language evolution as well as a variety of computational and robotic modeling efforts shedding light on how language may be developed and may have evolved. Copyright © 2016 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Contextualizing Competence: Language and LGBT-Based Competency in Health Care.

PubMed

Rossi, Alexis L; Lopez, Eliot J

2017-01-01

Changes in the language and terminology used to refer to individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), as well as how best to discuss issues of sexual and gender identity, can prove challenging for health care providers due to (1) lack of training; (2) interdisciplinary issues; and (3) prejudices on personal and institutional levels. Given the importance of language in the relationship between health care provider and patient as well as the myriad ways in which language can reflect knowledge, skills, and attitudes, we contend that language is both a facilitator and inhibitor of competence. In this article, we discuss language as a means of exhibiting cultural competence as well as the barriers to facilitating this degree of competence. Communicative competence, a concept traditionally used in linguistics, is discussed as a framework for contextualizing LGBT-specific cultural competence in health care. Ideally, a professional will be considered competent once they (1) acquire a foundation in issues associated with LGBT individuals, as well as a basic understanding of appropriate vocabulary' (2) reconcile personal beliefs with their professional role; (3) create an inclusive healthcare environment such that the influence of personal biases does not negatively impact care; and (4) use identifiers suggested by the patient.

Speakers of Different Languages Process the Visual World Differently

PubMed Central

Chabal, Sarah; Marian, Viorica

2015-01-01

Language and vision are highly interactive. Here we show that people activate language when they perceive the visual world, and that this language information impacts how speakers of different languages focus their attention. For example, when searching for an item (e.g., clock) in the same visual display, English and Spanish speakers look at different objects. Whereas English speakers searching for the clock also look at a cloud, Spanish speakers searching for the clock also look at a gift, because the Spanish names for gift (regalo) and clock (reloj) overlap phonologically. These different looking patterns emerge despite an absence of direct linguistic input, showing that language is automatically activated by visual scene processing. We conclude that the varying linguistic information available to speakers of different languages affects visual perception, leading to differences in how the visual world is processed. PMID:26030171

Issues and Knowledge Concerning the Use of Heads-Up Displays in Air Transports

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This document provides a literature review of design issues encountered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) during the : certification of head-up displays (HUDs) for use in air transports. This review extracts certification advice from the l...

Video Display Terminals: Radiation Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, William E.

1985-01-01

Discusses information gathered in past few years related to health effects of video display terminals (VDTs) with particular emphasis given to issues raised by VDT users. Topics covered include radiation emissions, health concerns, radiation surveys, occupational radiation exposure standards, and long-term risks. (17 references) (EJS)

Mapping Language Problems in the Brain

MedlinePlus

... issue Health Capsule Mapping Language Problems in the Brain En español Send us your comments We often ... more about how language is organized in the brain, an NIH-funded research team studied people with ...

Aphasia rehabilitation during adolescence: a case report.

PubMed

Laures-Gore, Jacqueline; McCusker, Tiffany; Hartley, Leila L

2017-06-01

Descriptions of speech-language interventions addressing the unique aspects of aphasia in adolescence appear to be nonexistent. The current paper presents the case of a male adolescent who experienced a stroke with resultant aphasia and the speech and language therapy he received. Furthermore, we discuss the issues that are unique to an adolescent with aphasia and how they were addressed with this particular patient. Traditional language and apraxia therapy was provided to this patient with inclusion of technology and academic topics. The patient demonstrated improvements in his speech and language abilities, most notably his reading comprehension and speech production. Age-related issues, including academic needs, group treatment, socialization, adherence/compliance, independence and family involvement, emerged during intervention. Although aphasia therapy for adolescents may be similar in many aspects to selected interventions for adults, it is necessary for the clinician to be mindful of age-related issues throughout the course of therapy. Goals and interventions should be selected based on factors salient to an adolescent as well as the potential long-term impact of therapy. Implications for Research Aphasia and its treatment in adolescence need to be further explored. Academics and technology are important aspects of aphasia treatment in adolescence. Issues specific to adolescence such as socialization, adherence/compliance, and independence are important to address in speech-language therapy.

Can Faces Prime a Language?

PubMed

Woumans, Evy; Martin, Clara D; Vanden Bulcke, Charlotte; Van Assche, Eva; Costa, Albert; Hartsuiker, Robert J; Duyck, Wouter

2015-09-01

Bilinguals have two languages that are activated in parallel. During speech production, one of these languages must be selected on the basis of some cue. The present study investigated whether the face of an interlocutor can serve as such a cue. Spanish-Catalan and Dutch-French bilinguals were first familiarized with certain faces, each of which was associated with only one language, during simulated Skype conversations. Afterward, these participants performed a language production task in which they generated words associated with the words produced by familiar and unfamiliar faces displayed on-screen. When responding to familiar faces, participants produced words faster if the faces were speaking the same language as in the previous Skype simulation than if the same faces were speaking a different language. Furthermore, this language priming effect disappeared when it became clear that the interlocutors were actually bilingual. These findings suggest that faces can prime a language, but their cuing effect disappears when it turns out that they are unreliable as language cues. © The Author(s) 2015.

Issues of Ideology in English Language Education Worldwide: An Overview

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mirhosseini, Seyyed-Abdolhamid

2018-01-01

The relatively limited consideration of ideology in mainstream theory and research of English language teaching (ELT) has arguably prevented the problematization of many taken-for-granted perceptions and practices in the field. This article brings part of this marginalised body of scholarship on issues of ideology in the area of ELT together to…

Diversity and Inclusion of Sociopolitical Issues in Foreign Language Classrooms: An Exploratory Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubota, Ryuko; Austin, Theresa; Saito-Abbott, Yoshiko

2003-01-01

Investigated diversity in the classroom, student background and learning experiences, and perceptions about the relationship between foreign language learning and issues of race, gender, class, and social justice among university students studying Spanish, Japanese, and Swahili. Found more racial diversity in Japanese and Swahili classes and in…

Language Teacher Associations: Key Themes and Future Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paran, Amos

2016-01-01

This article presents the themes that emerge from this Special Issue on language teacher associations (LTAs). I discuss various conceptualizations of LTAs, as well as the different theoretical frameworks which the contributors to the Special Issue use in their analyses. I then focus on some of the ways in which LTAs achieve their mission of…

The Ram's Horn, Volume Three, 1-4 (Double Issue), Summer-Spring 1982-1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ram's Horn, 1984

1984-01-01

The combined Summer 1982-Spring 1983 issue of this journal dedicated to the Rassias Language Method includes the following articles: "Languages, Learning, and Change" (Ronald C. Rosbottom); "Role-Playing: Perception and Analysis of Sex-Role Stereotypes in Literature" (Judith G. Miller); "Prose as Drama: The Use of Fairy…

Children at Risk: Poverty, Minority Status, and Other Issues in Educational Equity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barona, Andres, Ed.; Garcia, Eugene E., Ed.

This book provides a comprehensive perspective on the issues of at-risk children. Twenty individual chapters by 32 contributors include: (1) "Bilingual Education's 20-Year Failure To Provide Rights Protection for Language-Minority Students" (Keith Baker); (2) "Language-Minority Education Litigation Policy: 'The Law of the Land'" (Eugene Garcia);…

An Exploration of Speaking Anxiety with Kurdish University EFL Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmed, Nehad Faisal

2016-01-01

The issue of language learning anxiety has been widely researched and investigated in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. However, there have been very few studies conducted on this issue in Kurdistan, specifically about speaking anxiety in English classes. This study, therefore, aims to investigate Kurdish students' perceptions about…

On General Issues of Bilingual Education for Minority Ethnic Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mingyuan, Gu

2014-01-01

Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country. China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems. In education, considering communications among different nationalities and the development of…

Trends and Issues in Elementary Language Arts. Trends and Issues in English Language Arts, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL.

This publication contains journal essays and book chapters from publications of the National Council of Teachers of English. The following articles appear in the publication's first section, "Multimedia in the Classroom": (1) "The Classroom" (Marilyn Jody and Marianne Saccardi); (2) "Let's Go to the Movies: Rethinking the…

Learning Hebrew by Writing in English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson, Rolf A.

2011-01-01

This essay explores a midrange teaching and learning issue regarding the teaching of biblical languages and one strategy for addressing the issue. Seminary students do not yield a great enough return in exchange for the investment they are required to make in learning biblical languages. Students invest great time and money, but they do not learn…

TELRI: Trans European Language Resources Infrastructure Newsletter, 1995-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TELRI: Trans European Language Resources Infrastructure Newsletter, 1997

1997-01-01

The first seven issues of the Trans European Language Resources Infrastructure (TELRI) newsletter, a publication of the COPERNICUS project funded by the Commission of the European Communities, date from September 1995 to October 1997. The first three issues contain articles in the origins of TELRI, its members, working groups, and events. TELRI's…

Validity Evidence in Accommodations for English Language Learners and Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camara, Wayne

2009-01-01

The five papers in this special issue of the "Journal of Applied Testing Technology" address fundamental issues of validity when tests are modified or accommodations are provided to English Language Learners (ELL) or students with disabilities. Three papers employed differential item functioning (DIF) and factor analysis and found the…

Neurolinguistic development in deaf children: the effect of early language experience.

PubMed

Leybaert, Jacqueline; D'Hondt, Murielle

2003-07-01

Recent investigations have indicated a relationship between the development of cerebral lateralization for processing language and the level of development of linguistic skills in hearing children. The research on cerebral lateralization for language processing in deaf persons is compatible with this view. We have argued that the absence of appropriate input during a critical time window creates a risk for deaf children that the initial bias for left-hemisphere specialization will be distorted or disappear. Two experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis The results of these investigations showed that children educated early and intensively with cued speech or with sign language display more evidence of left-hemisphere specialization for the processing of their native language than do those who have been exposed later and less intensively to those languages.

Becoming Literate in English as a Second Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Susan R., Ed.; Trueba, Henry T., Ed.

A collection of articles on English-as-a-Second-Language literacy and literacy education include: "Contextual Issues in the Study of Second Language Literacy" (Susan R. Goldman); "Mexican Adult Literacy: New Directions for Immigrants" (Concha Delgado-Gaitan); "Factors Affecting Development of Second Language Literacy" (Richard Duran); "Reading in…

Narrative Competence in Children with Pragmatic Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ketelaars, Mieke P.; Jansonius, Kino; Cuperus, Juliane; Verhoeven, Ludo

2016-01-01

Background: Children with pragmatic language impairment (PLI) show impairments in the use of language in social contexts. Although the issue has been gaining attention in recent literature, not much is known about the developmental trajectories of children who experience pragmatic language problems. Since narrative competence is an important…

Culture in Southeast Asian Language Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liem, Nguyen Dang

A view of the status of Southeast Asian language programs in American schools leads the author to comment on five interrelated issues. They include: (1) the importance of Southeast Asian language and culture teaching and learning, (2) integrating culture in Southeast Asian language classes, (3) teaching techniques, (4) staffing, and (5)…

Contemporary Perspectives on Asian and Pacific American Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Endo, Russell, Ed.; And Others

A variety of issues in the education of Asian American and Pacific American immigrants and refugees are addressed in the following papers: "The Acquisition of English and Ethnic Language Attrition: Implications for Research" (Michael A. Power); "Language Difference and Language Disorder in Asian Language Populations: Assessment and Intervention"…

Revisiting Problems with Foreign Language Aptitude

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Safar, Anna; Kormos, Judit

2008-01-01

This study investigated three of the issues recently raised in connection with the traditional concept of foreign language aptitude: the relationship between foreign language aptitude and working memory and phonological short-term memory capacity, the role of foreign language aptitude in predicting success in the framework of focus-on-form foreign…

Sign Language Planning: Pragmatism, Pessimism and Principles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Graham H.

2009-01-01

This article introduces the present collection of sign language planning studies. Contextualising the analyses against the backdrop of core issues in the theory of language planning and the evolution of applied sign linguistics, it is argued that--while the sociolinguistic circumstances of signed languages worldwide can, in many respects, be…

Beyond Morphosyntax in Developing Bilinguals and "Specific" Language Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohnert, Kathryn; Ebert, Kerry Danahy

2010-01-01

In the Keynote Article, "The Interface Between Bilingual Development and Specific Language Impairment," Johanne Paradis considers issues and evidence at the intersection of children learning two languages and primary or specific language impairment (SLI). The review focuses on morphosyntactic evidence and the fit of this evidence with maturational…

"Language Learning" Roundtable: Memory and Second Language Acquisition 2012, Hong Kong

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wen, Zhisheng; McNeill, Arthur; Mota, Mailce Borges

2014-01-01

Organized under the auspices of the "Language Learning" Roundtable Conference Grant (2012), this seminar aimed to provide an interactive forum for a group of second language acquisition (SLA) researchers with particular interests in cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics to discuss key theoretical and methodological issues in the…

Preschool Language Variation, Growth, and Predictors in Children on the Autism Spectrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis Weismer, Susan; Kover, Sara T.

2015-01-01

Background: There is wide variation in language abilities among young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some toddlers developing age-appropriate language while others remain minimally verbal after age 5. Conflicting findings exist regarding predictors of language outcomes in ASD and various methodological issues limit the…

Les langues minoritaires en contexte; Minderheitensprachen im Kontext (Minority Languages in Context).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gross, Anna-Alice Dazzi, Ed.; Mondada, Lorenza, Ed.

1999-01-01

Articles in Italian, English, French, and German address issues in minority languages and minority language groups. They include: "The Role of Italian in Some Changes in Walser Morphosyntax" (article in Italian); "Compensatory Linguistic Strategies in the Gradual Death Process of a Minority Language: Evidence from Some Dying…

The Sociolinguistic Model in Speech and Language Pathology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfram, Walt

A discussion of the role of sociolinguistics in the treatment of communication disorders focuses on issues related to dialect and language variation. It begins with an examination of linguistic diversity and dynamic description of language, reporting on a study of speech and language pathologists' judgments of sentences in African American…

Language, Communication, and Culture: Current Directions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ting-Toomey, Stella, Ed.; Korzenny, Felipe, Ed.

1989-01-01

Dealing with the relationships among language, communication, and culture, the 12 papers in this collection are divided into three parts. The first part deals with the critical issues related to language acquisition, context, and cognition. The second part presents an array of perspectives in analyzing the role of language in comparative…

Conceptions of Literacy in Canadian Immigrant Language Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cray, Ellen; Currie, Pat

2004-01-01

For immigrants and refugees, access to a national or majority language is an important issue. According to its immigrant language training policy, Canada offers its newcomers language instruction for the purposes of settlement and integration. One important aspect of settlement and integration involves literacy. Our study examined the concept of…

Law, Language, and the Multiethnic State.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Varennes, Fernand

1996-01-01

Examines why language policies should be considered in a multiethnic state and suggests that there are human rights issues that mandate some recognition of language demands and usage beyond what some states may provide. The article emphasizes that questions of language, ethnicity, and nationalism must be addressed in a rational and coherent…

Spanish in Four Continents: Studies in Language Contact and Bilingualism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silva-Corvalan, Carmen, Ed.

Papers on Spanish bilingualism and Spanish in contact with other languages include: "The Study of Language Contact: An Overview of the Issues" (Carmen Silva-Corvalan); "Language Mixture: Ordinary Processes, Extraordinary Results" (Sarah G. Thomason); "The Impact of Quichua on Verb Forms Used in Spanish Requests in Otavalo,…

16 CFR 14.9 - Requirements concerning clear and conspicuous disclosures in foreign language advertising and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... conspicuous disclosures in foreign language advertising and sales materials. 14.9 Section 14.9 Commercial... and conspicuous disclosures in foreign language advertising and sales materials. The Federal Trade... are being printed in foreign languages. In recent years the Commission has issued various cease-and...

The PLATO System and Language Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Robert S., Ed.

1981-01-01

This issue presents an overview of research in computer-based language instruction using the PLATO IV computer system. The following articles are presented: (1) "Language Study and the PLATO system," by R. Hart; (2) "Reflections on the Use of Computers in Second-Language Acquisition," by F. Marty; (3) "Computer-Based…

The Sami Languages(s), Maintenance and Intellectualistion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bull, Tove

2002-01-01

Gives an overview of the current socioliniguistic situation of the Sami language in Northern Scandinavia, focusing on the situation in North Norway in particular. Describes the historical development and discusses issues, problems, and practices relating to Sami language politics and planning in reaction to the use of this language in…

Image quality metrics for volumetric laser displays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Rodney D.; Donohoo, Daniel

1991-08-01

This paper addresses the extensions to the image quality metrics and related human factors research that are needed to establish the baseline standards for emerging volume display technologies. The existing and recently developed technologies for multiplanar volume displays are reviewed with an emphasis on basic human visual issues. Human factors image quality metrics and guidelines are needed to firmly establish this technology in the marketplace. The human visual requirements and the display design tradeoffs for these prototype laser-based volume displays are addressed and several critical image quality issues identified for further research. The American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations (ANSIHFS-100) and other international standards (ISO, DIN) can serve as a starting point, but this research base must be extended to provide new image quality metrics for this new technology for volume displays.

Issues in symbol design for electronic displays of navigation information

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-24

An increasing number of electronic displays, ranging from small hand-held displays for general aviation to installed displays for air transport, are showing navigation information, such as symbols representing navigational aids. The wide range of dis...

Assessing Spoken Language Competence in Children with Selective Mutism: Using Parents as Test Presenters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Evelyn R.; Armstrong, Sharon Lee; Shipon-Blum, Elisa

2013-01-01

Children with selective mutism (SM) display a failure to speak in select situations despite speaking when comfortable. The purpose of this study was to obtain valid assessments of receptive and expressive language in 33 children (ages 5 to 12) with SM. Because some children with SM will speak to parents but not a professional, another purpose was…

Effect of Alternative and Augmentative Communication on Language and Social Behavior of Children with Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lal, Rubina

2010-01-01

Teaching children with autism is a challenging task for educators and parents, as the children display marked deficits in language and social behaviors. One of the major goals of an intervention program for children with autism is to provide them a method of functional communication and ample opportunities to practice these skills. For some…

Reading without Words: Using the Arrival to Teach Visual Literacy with English Language Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathews, Sarah A.

2014-01-01

This article highlights the use of Shaun Tan's "The Arrival" to teach literacy to English Language Learners in social studies classrooms. The featured text is a book that displays the complexity of migration within a text that does not feature a single written word. The author describes a variety of mini-lessons geared towards…

An Electrophysiological Contribution to the Study of Language Lateralization and Prognosis of Aphasia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobianchi, Andrea

2010-01-01

The study is aimed at identifying hemispheric language dominance in both the right-handed and left-handed participants. Eighteen right-handed and 18 left-handed young volunteers were invited to listen for 80 times to a 720 ms duration Italian word. Signals from 16 electrodes were averaged and displayed both as traces and maps. When the word was…

Reading comprehension in Parkinson's disease.

PubMed

Murray, Laura L; Rutledge, Stefanie

2014-05-01

Although individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) self-report reading problems and experience difficulties in cognitive-linguistic functions that support discourse-level reading, prior research has primarily focused on sentence-level processing and auditory comprehension. Accordingly, the authors investigated the presence and nature of reading comprehension in PD, hypothesizing that (a) individuals with PD would display impaired accuracy and/or speed on reading comprehension tests and (b) reading performances would be correlated with cognitive test results. Eleven adults with PD and 9 age- and education-matched control participants completed tests that evaluated reading comprehension; general language and cognitive abilities; and aspects of attention, memory, and executive functioning. The PD group obtained significantly lower scores on several, but not all, reading comprehension, language, and cognitive measures. Memory, language, and disease severity were significantly correlated with reading comprehension for the PD group. Individuals in the early stages of PD without dementia or broad cognitive deficits can display reading comprehension difficulties, particularly for high- versus basic-level reading tasks. These reading difficulties are most closely related to memory, high-level language, and PD symptom severity status. The findings warrant additional research to delineate further the types and nature of reading comprehension impairments experienced by individuals with PD.

JALT Journal, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jungheim, Nicholas O., Ed.

2002-01-01

These two journal issues include the following articles: "Assistant Foreign Language Teachers in Japanese High Schools: Focus on the Hosting of Japanese Teachers" (Great Gorsuch); "Communicative Language Teaching (Organizational Effectiveness of Upper Secondary School English Language Departments and Their Commitment toward…

Recognition of sign language with an inertial sensor-based data glove.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung-Won; Lee, Mi-So; Soon, Bo-Ram; Ryu, Mun-Ho; Kim, Je-Nam

2015-01-01

Communication between people with normal hearing and hearing impairment is difficult. Recently, a variety of studies on sign language recognition have presented benefits from the development of information technology. This study presents a sign language recognition system using a data glove composed of 3-axis accelerometers, magnetometers, and gyroscopes. Each data obtained by the data glove is transmitted to a host application (implemented in a Window program on a PC). Next, the data is converted into angle data, and the angle information is displayed on the host application and verified by outputting three-dimensional models to the display. An experiment was performed with five subjects, three females and two males, and a performance set comprising numbers from one to nine was repeated five times. The system achieves a 99.26% movement detection rate, and approximately 98% recognition rate for each finger's state. The proposed system is expected to be a more portable and useful system when this algorithm is applied to smartphone applications for use in some situations such as in emergencies.

A contrastive view of Irish language dynamics.

PubMed

Giollagáin, Conchúr O

2004-01-01

This paper presents an analysis of the linguistic anthropology which underpins the language dynamics of two Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas, Ros Muc in Conamara, Co. Galway and Ráth Cairn in Co. Meath. This research highlights what could be considered a socio-linguistic paradox: the community (Ráth Cairn) which engages more vigorously in language maintenance endeavors, and exhibits a greater awareness of language policy and of linguistic ideology among members of the community, fares less favorably in socio-linguistic terms to the contrasting community (Ros Muc) which has to endure a more challenging socio-economic climate than that of Ráth Cairn. The relative socio-economic success of the Ráth Cairn community appears to be masking a greater malaise of socio-cultural fragility and language endangerment. In contrast, the language obsolescence issues faced by the Ros Muc community, though superficially not as severe, are enmeshed in what would be considered more pressing issues of socio-economic marginalization.

Gaining insights from social media language: Methodologies and challenges.

PubMed

Kern, Margaret L; Park, Gregory; Eichstaedt, Johannes C; Schwartz, H Andrew; Sap, Maarten; Smith, Laura K; Ungar, Lyle H

2016-12-01

Language data available through social media provide opportunities to study people at an unprecedented scale. However, little guidance is available to psychologists who want to enter this area of research. Drawing on tools and techniques developed in natural language processing, we first introduce psychologists to social media language research, identifying descriptive and predictive analyses that language data allow. Second, we describe how raw language data can be accessed and quantified for inclusion in subsequent analyses, exploring personality as expressed on Facebook to illustrate. Third, we highlight challenges and issues to be considered, including accessing and processing the data, interpreting effects, and ethical issues. Social media has become a valuable part of social life, and there is much we can learn by bringing together the tools of computer science with the theories and insights of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Re-visiting the electrophysiology of language.

PubMed

Obleser, Jonas

2015-09-01

This editorial accompanies a special issue of Brain and Language re-visiting old themes and new leads in the electrophysiology of language. The event-related potential (ERP) as a series of characteristic deflections ("components") over time and their distribution on the scalp has been exploited by speech and language researchers over decades to find support for diverse psycholinguistic models. Fortunately, methodological and statistical advances have allowed human neuroscience to move beyond some of the limitations imposed when looking at the ERP only. Most importantly, we currently witness a refined and refreshed look at "event-related" (in the literal sense) brain activity that relates itself more closely to the actual neurobiology of speech and language processes. It is this imminent change in handling and interpreting electrophysiological data of speech and language experiments that this special issue intends to capture. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effects of English as a Second Language Courses on Language Minority Community College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodara, Michelle

2015-01-01

English as a second language (ESL) courses seek to address a primary barrier to college success for language minority students: second language issues that can inhibit their success in college-level coursework. But, there is a limited understanding of the effects of ESL on college student outcomes. Using a rich, longitudinal data set that includes…

Language Rights: A Framework for Ensuring Social Equity in Planning and Implementing National-Education Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hossain, Tania; Pratt, Cornelius B.

2008-01-01

Background: An important issue in the discourse on language rights is the degree to which they influence the development and implementation of language policies or perpetuate inequalities in many language situations. Skutnabb-Kangas (1996, 2002a, 2002b) and May (2000), for example, have argued that language rights offer a reasonable framework for…

Translating for Linguistic Minorities in Northern Ireland: A Look at Translation Policy in the Judiciary, Healthcare, and Local Government

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

González Núñez, Gabriel

2013-01-01

Europe as a multilingual continent hosts three main types of languages: dominant languages, autochthonous minority languages, and new minority languages. From a policy standpoint, planning for speakers of these languages and their needs become a complex matter in which many actors with different interests are involved. Of the many issues which…

Principles for Code Choice in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Focus on Grammaring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Glenn S.

2014-01-01

The social and cultural "turn" in language education of recent years has helped move language teaching and curriculum design away from many of the more rigid dogmas of earlier generations, but the issue of the roles of the learners' first language (L1) in language pedagogy and classroom interaction is far from settled. Some follow a…

Effects of Feedback Intervention on Team-Teaching in English Language Classrooms in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anani, Oluwabunmi Ahoefa; Badaki, Jude Valentine; Kamai, Richard

2016-01-01

The typical Nigerian English language classroom has a large class size and lacks qualified language teachers. These factors reflect in the quality and quantity of teaching in the English as a Second Language classroom. Team teaching or co-teaching is an intervention strategy which language teachers can use to address these issues. Not only does…

Gender Issues and Language Articulation; a Brief Look at Pros of Gender Neutral Language Articulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ebrahimi, Pouria

2009-01-01

As with the language articulated by learners--in both oral and written form--the supremacy of a masculine language use is witnessed. This brings to light the fact that gender has been excessively an unobserved factor in the process of language teaching. Although learners are apparently used to forming masculine-centered articulation, non-sexist…

Research in Second Language Acquisition: Selected Papers of the Los Angeles Second Language Acquisition Research Forum. Issues In Second Language Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scarcella, Robin C., Ed.; Krashen, Stephen D., Ed.

The following papers are included: (1) "The Theoretical and Practical Relevance of Simple Codes in Second Language Acquisition" (Krashen); (2) "Talking to Foreigners versus Talking to Children: Similarities and Differences" (Freed); (3) "The Levertov Machine" (Stevick); (4) "Acquiring a Second Language when You're Not the Underdog" (Edelsky and…

Learning How to Focus on Language While Teaching Mathematics to English Language Learners: A Case Study of Courtney

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chval, Kathryn B.; Pinnow, Rachel J.; Thomas, Amanda

2015-01-01

Research in mathematics education increasingly recognizes the role of language in the education of English language learners. However, research examining the professional growth of mathematics teachers as they learn to teach English language learners is sparse. This case study addresses this issue by examining one third grade teacher as she…

Language Brokering as Young People's Work: Evidence from Chinese Adolescents in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Nigel; Sham, Sylvia

2007-01-01

Language brokering describes the task in an intercultural language event undertaken by children in families with one or two non-national languages parents or caregivers. This paper examines the complex issues involved in being a language broker and explores these as they apply to a group of adolescents in Chinese families in the UK. The findings…

Multilingualism in indigenous mathematics education: an epistemic matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parra, Aldo; Trinick, Tony

2017-12-01

An investigation into an aspect of indigenous education provides the opportunity to forefront an epistemological discussion about mathematical knowledge. This paper analyses indigenous peoples' educational experiences in Colombia and Aotearoa/New Zealand of mathematics education, focusing on, among other things, sociolinguistic issues such as language planning. In these experiences, researchers, teachers and local communities, working together, elaborated their respective languages to create a corpus of lexicon that has enabled the teaching of Western mathematics. An analysis using decolonial theory is made, showing how this corpus development works to enable the teaching of [Western] mathematics resulted in investigations into culture, language and mathematics that revealed an interplay among knowledge and power. Such analysis raises issues about the epistemology of mathematics and the politics of knowledge, analogous with current discussions on multilingualism in mathematics education and in ethnomathematics. The paper concludes that mathematics educators can explore and take advantage of the sociolinguistic and epistemological issues that arise when an indigenous language is elaborated in a short period of time in comparison to other languages which have been developed incrementally over hundreds of years and thus much more difficult to critique.

Language development in a 3-year-old boy with Prader-Willi syndrome.

PubMed

Atkin, Keith; Lorch, Marjorie Perlman

2007-04-01

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder which has widespread developmental consequences including motor, cognitive and language delay. Previous research on PWS children has focused primarily on phonological development and dysfluency. In the present study, the lexical development of a boy with PWS was investigated in a series of 18 play sessions recorded over a 4 month period from the ages 3;7 to 3;11. In comparison to the language development of children with Down syndrome this child with PWS appears to display a distinct developmental pattern. The possibility of detailing a behavioural phenotype of genetic disorders affecting language development is discussed.

Action and language integration: from humans to cognitive robots.

PubMed

Borghi, Anna M; Cangelosi, Angelo

2014-07-01

The topic is characterized by a highly interdisciplinary approach to the issue of action and language integration. Such an approach, combining computational models and cognitive robotics experiments with neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and linguistic approaches, can be a powerful means that can help researchers disentangle ambiguous issues, provide better and clearer definitions, and formulate clearer predictions on the links between action and language. In the introduction we briefly describe the papers and discuss the challenges they pose to future research. We identify four important phenomena the papers address and discuss in light of empirical and computational evidence: (a) the role played not only by sensorimotor and emotional information but also of natural language in conceptual representation; (b) the contextual dependency and high flexibility of the interaction between action, concepts, and language; (c) the involvement of the mirror neuron system in action and language processing; (d) the way in which the integration between action and language can be addressed by developmental robotics and Human-Robot Interaction. Copyright © 2014 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Preliminary Investigation of Visual Attention to Human Figures in Photographs: Potential Considerations for the Design of Aided AAC Visual Scene Displays

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Krista M.; Light, Janice

2011-01-01

Purpose: Many individuals with complex communication needs may benefit from visual aided augmentative and alternative communication systems. In visual scene displays (VSDs), language concepts are embedded into a photograph of a naturalistic event. Humans play a central role in communication development and might be important elements in VSDs.…

First International Conference on Ada (R) Programming Language Applications for the NASA Space Station, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bown, Rodney L. (Editor)

1986-01-01

Topics discussed include: test and verification; environment issues; distributed Ada issues; life cycle issues; Ada in Europe; management/training issues; common Ada interface set; and run time issues.

Towards a Curriculum for the Thai Lao of Northeast Thailand?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Draper, John

2015-01-01

This article considers a fundamental issue in language planning, namely, whether or not to introduce a curriculum for the mother tongue (MT), in the wider context of a complex language planning situation in Thailand. It details recent moves in the consideration of this issue for the Thai Lao (Isan) of Northeast Thailand, Thailand's largest…

Discussing Sexual Identities with Pre-Service Primary School English-Language Teachers from a Spanish Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barozzi, Stefano; Guijarro Ojeda, Juan Ramon

2014-01-01

This article is based on a discussion with seven voluntary Spanish pre-service primary school English-language teachers on queer issues. The focus group followed a questionnaire on their knowledge and understanding of sexual identity issues in education. The facilitated discussion enabled the participants to be better prepared on the subject. At…

Multilingual Aspects of Fluency Disorders. Communication Disorders across Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Peter; Van Borsel, John

2011-01-01

This book contains contributions by scholars working on diverse aspects of speech who bring their findings to bear on the practical issue of how to treat stuttering in different language groups and in multilingual speakers. The book considers classic issues in speech production research, as well as whether regions of the brain that are affected in…

The Intersection of Race, Culture, Language, and Disability: Implications for Urban Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchett, Wanda J.; Klingner, Janette K.; Harry, Beth

2009-01-01

To date, few researchers have sought to examine the effect of issues of race, culture, language, and disability, let alone to look specifically at the intersection of these issues, as it relates to special education identification, special education service delivery, and students of color's access to an equitable education. Thus, this article will…

Bilingual Education and Public Policy in Hawaii: Historical and Current Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agbayani, Amefil

Hawaii's history of immigration, language policy, and education are directly related to the issue of bilingual education in its schools today. Beginning with missionary contact, English became the dominant language of the islands, in terms of official policy if not in terms of numerical superiority of English speakers. Until World War II, there…

Cultural Issues in Syrian EFL Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ulum, Ömer Gökhan

2016-01-01

Whether we should teach culture or not when we teach English as a Foreign Language has been great concern for a long time. Which one should be contained in EFL course books? The culture of the target language or the own culture of EFL learners? Regarding this issue, many researchers have a diversity of opinions, however; this study was conducted…

Integrating Cross-Cultural Interaction through Video-Communication and Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching Programs: Burden or Added Value?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jauregi, Kristi; de Graaff, Rick; Canto, Silvia

2011-01-01

Organizing and implementing telecollaboration projects in foreign language curricula is not an easy endeavour (Belz & Thorne, 2006; Guth & Helm, 2010), as pedagogical, organizational and technical issues have to be addressed before cross-cultural interaction sessions can be carried out (O'Dowd & Ritter, 2006). These issues make many teaching…

Teaching about the United Nations through the Hunger Issue in an English as a Foreign Language Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iino, Atsushi

1994-01-01

Reports on the views of 73 secondary school Japanese students toward the United Nations. Finds that most tend to think of the UN as relevant to conflicts. Describes how the hunger issue was used in an English-as-a-Second-Language class to teach about the United Nations. (CFR)

Japanese as a Second Language Assessment in Japan: Current Issues and Future Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hatasa, Yukiko; Watanabe, Tomoko

2017-01-01

This article reviews assessment practices of Japanese as a second language as taught in Japan since the 1980s. It begins with an explanation of the social and political conditions that have impacted assessment practices in Japan and then addresses current assessment practices and issues. This analysis first examines large-scale tests developed in…

Mixed-Methods Research in Language Teaching and Learning: Opportunities, Issues and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riazi, A. Mehdi; Candlin, Christopher N.

2014-01-01

This state-of-the-art paper foregrounds mixed-methods research (MMR) in language teaching and learning by discussing and critically reviewing issues related to this newly developed research paradigm. The paper has six sections. The first provides a context for the discussion of MMR through an introductory review of quantitative and qualitative…

Ethnicity, Language-in-Education Policy and Linguistic Discrimination: Perspectives of Nepali Students in Hong Kong

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thapa, Chura Bahadur; Adamson, Bob

2018-01-01

Educational issues in relation to ethnicity and language education policies have been underexplored in Asian contexts. In particular, issues related to ethnic and linguistic minority students have not received much attention in the post-colonial context of Hong Kong. This paper highlights challenges and tensions faced by Nepali ethnic minority…

Transformative Learning around Issues of Language and Culture among ESL Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmick, Dara Pachence

2014-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the significant teaching and learning experiences of ESL teachers around the issues of culture and language. The theoretical framework of the study was informed by transformative learning theory. The study began with semi-structured in-depth interviews with twelve teachers who obtained their ESL…

Culture, Language, Pedagogy: The Place of Culture in Language Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Badger, Richard; MacDonald, Malcolm N.

2007-01-01

The principles of many international language teacher education programmes are grounded in a relatively homogenous set of "Western" cultural values, even though their participants come from a wide range of different cultural backgrounds. This paper addresses some of the issues surrounding the role of culture in language teacher education and…

Learning Languages: The Journal of the National Network for Early Language Learning, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenbusch, Marcia H., Ed.

1999-01-01

These three journals include articles on issues related to language learning. The fall 1998 journal presents: "Attention! Are You Seeking a Position with Excellent Long-Term Benefits? Be an Advocate!" (Mary Lynn Redmond); "National Town Meeting Energizes Support for Early Language Learning" (Marcia Harmon Rosenbusch);…

Current Trends in English Language Testing. Conference Proceedings for CTELT 1997 and 1998, Vol. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coombe, Christine A., Ed.

Papers from the 1997 and 1998 Current Trends in English Language Testing (CTELT) conferences include: "Computer-Based Language Testing: The Call of the Internet" (G. Fulcher); "Uses of the PET (Preliminary English Test) at Sultan Qaboos University" (R. Taylor); "Issues in Foreign and Second Language Academic Listening…

Traces of an Early Learned Second Language in Discontinued Bilingualism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadat, Jasmin; Pureza, Rita; Alario, F.-Xavier

2016-01-01

Can an early learned second language influence speech production after living many years in an exclusively monolingual environment? To address this issue, we investigated the consequences of discontinued early bilingualism in heritage speakers who moved abroad and switched language dominance from the second to the primary learned language. We used…

Elementary Teachers' Perception of Language Issues in Science Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seah, Lay Hoon

2016-01-01

Although the importance of language in science learning has been widely recognized by researchers, there is limited research on how science teachers perceive the roles that language plays in science classrooms. As part of an intervention design project that aimed to enhance teachers' capacity to address the language demands of science, interview…

Theorizing and Studying the Language-Teaching Mind: Mapping Research on Language Teacher Cognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Anne; Freeman, Donald; Edwards, Emily

2015-01-01

The overarching project of the conceptual and empirical contributions in this special issue is to redraw boundaries for language teacher cognition research. Our aim in this final article is to complement the foregoing collection of articles by conceptualizing ontologically and methodologically past and current trajectories in language teacher…

Cross-Cultural Language Learning and Web Design Complexity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Ji Yong

2015-01-01

Accepting the fact that culture and language are interrelated in second language learning (SLL), the web sites should be designed to integrate with the cultural aspects. Yet many SLL web sites fail to integrate with the cultural aspects and/or focus on language acquisition only. This study identified three issues: (1) anthropologists'…

Language Policy: Lessons from Global Models (1st, Monterey, California, September 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Steven J., Ed.

These papers come from a 2001 conference that explored language policy issues at the global, U.S. national, and California regional levels. There are 15 papers in five sections. Section 1, "National Language Policy," includes (1) "Language and Globalization: Why National Policies Matter" (Chester D. Haskell) and (2) "Real…

New Perspectives and New Directions in Foreign Language Education. The ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birckbichler, Diane W., Ed.

The five essays in this volume address broad trends and issues in foreign language education. "Bandwagons Revisited: A Perspective on Movements in Foreign Language Education" (Frank M. Grittner) suggests that the bandwagons flourish because of lack of standardization and centralized authority in American education. Characteristics and results of…

The Issues in the Measurement of Bilingual Language Dominance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeh, Mary C. L.

This paper deals with measurement of language dominance at the early-childhood level using a rating scale to help bilingual programs with student classification and placement. Some of the assumptions unique in the measurement of language dominance are discussed and applied to the validation procedure on a Spanish/English language dominance scale…

Language Disorders and Reading: Interdependence Necessitates Combined Intervention Approaches.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scavuzzo, Annebelle

The presentation examines information on the issue of language-reading dependency and the roles that speech language pathologists (SLPs) can play to address both skills. The relationship of oral language and reading development is examined in terms of models (such as the Top-Down/Bottom-Up model) and hypotheses and research etiology. Studies on…

The Role of Language Learning Progressions in Improved Instruction and Assessment of English Language Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Alison L.; Heritage, Margaret

2014-01-01

This article addresses theoretical and empirical issues relevant for the development and evaluation of language learning progressions. The authors explore how learning progressions aligned with new content standards can form a central basis of efforts to describe the English language needed in school contexts for learning, instruction, and…

Documenting Indigenous Knowledge and Languages: Research Planning & Protocol.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leonard, Beth

2001-01-01

The author's experiences of learning her heritage language of Deg Xinag, an Athabascan language spoken in Alaska, serve as a backdrop for discussing issues in learning endangered indigenous languages. When Deg Xinag is taught by linguists, obvious differences between English and Deg Xinag are not articulated, due to the lack of knowledge of…

Language and Ethnicity: Multiple Literacies in Context, Language Education in Guatemala

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helmberger, Janet L.

2006-01-01

This study focuses on the research literature available in the United States on the evolution of language policy and planning issues involved in bilingual education programs in Mayan communities in Guatemala. I begin with general comments regarding language policy and planning for bilingual programs for ethnic groups within the borders of…

Influences of Early English Language Teaching on Oral Fluency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Wolf, Stephana; Smit, Nienke; Lowie, Wander

2017-01-01

Elementary-level foreign language education is currently receiving a lot of attention in the literature on second language learning, and has emerged as an important educational policy issue. The present study aims to contribute to this discussion by focusing on the fluency benefits gained from early foreign language teaching. The participants were…

Relationship between Attitude toward Target Language Culture Instruction and Pragmatic Comprehension Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rafieyan, Vahid; Majid, Norazman Bin Abdul; Eng, Lin Siew

2013-01-01

Familiarity with the cultural features of the target language society and interest in learning those cultural features are the key factors to determine language learners' level of pragmatic comprehension. To investigate this issue, this study attempted to assess the relationship between attitude toward incorporating target language culture into…

Metaphor and Second Language Learning: The State of the Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoang, Ha

2014-01-01

Once considered a stylistic issue, metaphor is now considered a critical component of everyday and specialized language and most importantly, a fundamental mechanism of human conceptualizations of the world. The use of metaphor in language, thought and communication has been examined in second language (L2) learning. The body of literature that…

Editor's Essay: Honoring Native Languages, Defeating the Shame.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ambler, Marjane

2000-01-01

Provides an overview of the articles in this issue of the Tribal College Journal, which demonstrate how tribal colleges are gradually creating places where Native languages are safe. Asserts that a place where the language is honored is a place that education, too, becomes honored, and that recognizing Native languages leads to self-esteem and…

Language, the Forgotten Content.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Patricia P., Ed.; Small, Robert C., Jr., Ed.

1987-01-01

The ways that students can learn about the nature of the English language and develop a sense of excitement about their language are explored in this focused journal issue. The titles of the essays and their authors are as follows: (1) "Language, the Forgotten Content" (R. Small and P. P. Kelly); (2) "What Should English Teachers…

Anthropology and Language Science in Educational Development Newsletter, No. 2/3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Div. of Structures and Content of Life-Long Education.

This issue of the ALSED newsletter contains: (1) a description of the Anthropology and Language Science in Educational Development (ALSED) program; (2) information on the meeting of experts on diversification of methods and techniques for teaching a second language or foreign languages (Paris, Unesco, 15-20 September, 1975), which discussed such…

Issues in Education: Language Building Blocks for Climbing the Learning Tree

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pandey, Anita

2012-01-01

Language is the essence of humanity and the backbone of early childhood education. Academic content clusters on it. Math, science, and social studies, for instance, are best taught through "content area language." Critical thinking and other key math, listening, and reading comprehension skills are mirrored in language. Not surprisingly, spoken…

Corpus Planning for the Southern Peruvian Quechua Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coronel-Molina, Serafin M.

1997-01-01

The discussion of corpus planning for the Southern Quechua language variety of Peru examines issues of graphization, standardization, modernization, and renovation of Quechua in the face of increasing domination by the Spanish language. The efforts of three major groups of linguists and other scholars working on language planning in Peru, and the…

The Multilingual Mind: Issues Discussed by, for, and about People Living with Many Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tokuhama-Espinosa, Tracey, Ed.

This collection of 21 essays focuses on people who experience the world with multiple languages: (1) "Myths about Multilingualism" (Tracey Tokuhama-Espinosa); (2) "Teaching Languages using the Multiple Intelligences and the Senses" (Tracey Tokuhama-Espinosa); (3) "The Role of the Sense of Smell in Language Learning"…

Sleep Disorders as a Risk to Language Learning and Use. EBP Briefs. Volume 10, Issue 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGregor, Karla K.; Alper, Rebecca M.

2015-01-01

Clinical Question: Are people with sleep disorders at higher risk for language learning deficits than healthy sleepers? Method: Scoping Review. Study Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Trip Database, ClinicalTrials.gov. Search Terms: sleep disorders AND language AND learning; sleep disorders language learning--deprivation--epilepsy; sleep disorders…

Language and Mathematics Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zepp, Raymond

This book is designed for those interested in the teaching of mathematics, in both first language and second language contexts, and is based on 15 years' teaching experience in Africa and Asia. The book is designed to present the main issues of language in mathematics teaching, and is therefore not a highly technical work. Chapters included are:…

The OMLTA Yearbook: 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snyder, Barbara, Ed.

The first issue of the Yearbook of the Ohio Modern Language Teachers Association presents the following articles and features: (1) "PR and the Language Program," by Nancy Humbach; (2) "Creative Play in Language Learning," by Carolann DeSelms; (3) "Foreign Language Projects for the Gifted Student," by Carol L. McKay and Martin D. McKay; (4) "A…

Iranian English Language Teachers' Job Satisfaction and Organisational Climate in Public and Private Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Razavipour, Kioumars; Yousefi, Moslem

2017-01-01

Organisation issues rarely feature in the English language education literature, since language education is seemingly mostly concerned with the individual learner or teacher. As such, the impact that school climate might have on Iranian English language teachers remains an uncharted territory. This mixed-method study explores the relationship…

Transnational Culture and the Role of Language: An International School and Its Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, David B.

1992-01-01

Describes the environment and cultural at Columbia Academy, a private international high school in Kobe, Japan. Emphasizes the role of language and how second-language skills represent learned cultural competencies. Considers the influence of language use on group behaviors. Addresses the issue of transnationalism or transculturalism. (DMM)

Language and Literacy Development in Prelingually-Deaf Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmani Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali

2008-01-01

This paper attempts to address the issue of language development in hearing impaired children. It argues that interpreters, teachers or peers can provide deaf children with language exposure so that they can acquire their native languages more easily. It also argues that the provision of a developmentally appropriate print-rich environments is the…

Developmental and Evolutionary Lexicon Acquisition in Cognitive Agents/Robots with Grounding Principle: A Short Review.

PubMed

Rasheed, Nadia; Amin, Shamsudin H M

2016-01-01

Grounded language acquisition is an important issue, particularly to facilitate human-robot interactions in an intelligent and effective way. The evolutionary and developmental language acquisition are two innovative and important methodologies for the grounding of language in cognitive agents or robots, the aim of which is to address current limitations in robot design. This paper concentrates on these two main modelling methods with the grounding principle for the acquisition of linguistic ability in cognitive agents or robots. This review not only presents a survey of the methodologies and relevant computational cognitive agents or robotic models, but also highlights the advantages and progress of these approaches for the language grounding issue.

Developmental and Evolutionary Lexicon Acquisition in Cognitive Agents/Robots with Grounding Principle: A Short Review

PubMed Central

Rasheed, Nadia; Amin, Shamsudin H. M.

2016-01-01

Grounded language acquisition is an important issue, particularly to facilitate human-robot interactions in an intelligent and effective way. The evolutionary and developmental language acquisition are two innovative and important methodologies for the grounding of language in cognitive agents or robots, the aim of which is to address current limitations in robot design. This paper concentrates on these two main modelling methods with the grounding principle for the acquisition of linguistic ability in cognitive agents or robots. This review not only presents a survey of the methodologies and relevant computational cognitive agents or robotic models, but also highlights the advantages and progress of these approaches for the language grounding issue. PMID:27069470

Language revitalization in Native North America--issues of intellectual property rights and intellectual sovereignty.

PubMed

Tatsch, Sheri

2004-01-01

Language revitalization, oral tradition and epistemology are expressions of Native peoples intellectual sovereignty, and thus the foundation for indigenous intellectual property rights. As the people of California move towards language and cultural revitalization the question arises: What constitutes or constructs the definitions of intellectual property and how can appropriation of indigenous knowledge be protected? Looking at the issues faced by the California's indigenous populace and by implication, other indigenous peoples in the United States, this essay examines how protection may be afforded under the United Nations definition of 'heritage'. Given that the holding safe of a 'culture' or 'heritage' is inclusive of language, and thus has been determined to be a human right.

Speakers of different languages process the visual world differently.

PubMed

Chabal, Sarah; Marian, Viorica

2015-06-01

Language and vision are highly interactive. Here we show that people activate language when they perceive the visual world, and that this language information impacts how speakers of different languages focus their attention. For example, when searching for an item (e.g., clock) in the same visual display, English and Spanish speakers look at different objects. Whereas English speakers searching for the clock also look at a cloud, Spanish speakers searching for the clock also look at a gift, because the Spanish names for gift (regalo) and clock (reloj) overlap phonologically. These different looking patterns emerge despite an absence of direct language input, showing that linguistic information is automatically activated by visual scene processing. We conclude that the varying linguistic information available to speakers of different languages affects visual perception, leading to differences in how the visual world is processed. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Adaptation of a Control Center Development Environment for Industrial Process Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Killough, Ronnie L.; Malik, James M.

1994-01-01

In the control center, raw telemetry data is received for storage, display, and analysis. This raw data must be combined and manipulated in various ways by mathematical computations to facilitate analysis, provide diversified fault detection mechanisms, and enhance display readability. A development tool called the Graphical Computation Builder (GCB) has been implemented which provides flight controllers with the capability to implement computations for use in the control center. The GCB provides a language that contains both general programming constructs and language elements specifically tailored for the control center environment. The GCB concept allows staff who are not skilled in computer programming to author and maintain computer programs. The GCB user is isolated from the details of external subsystem interfaces and has access to high-level functions such as matrix operators, trigonometric functions, and unit conversion macros. The GCB provides a high level of feedback during computation development that improves upon the often cryptic errors produced by computer language compilers. An equivalent need can be identified in the industrial data acquisition and process control domain: that of an integrated graphical development tool tailored to the application to hide the operating system, computer language, and data acquisition interface details. The GCB features a modular design which makes it suitable for technology transfer without significant rework. Control center-specific language elements can be replaced by elements specific to industrial process control.

The development of perceptual attention and articulatory skill in one or two languages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fowler, Carol; Best, Catherine

2002-05-01

Infants acquire properties of their native language especially during the second half of the first year of life. Models, such as Jusczyk's WRAPSA, Best's PAM, Kuhl's NLM, and Werker's account describe changes in perceptual or attentional space that may underlie the perceptual changes that infants exhibit. Unknown is the relation of these changes to changes in speechlike vocalizations that occur at the same time. Future research should address whether the perceptual models predict production learning. Other issues concern how the perceptual and articulatory systems develop for infants exposed to more than one language. Do multiple perceptual spaces develop, or does one space accommodate both languages? For infants exposed to just one language, but living in an environment where the ambient and pedagogical language is different (say, infants in a monolingual Spanish home in the U.S.), early language learning fosters learning the native language, but it may impede learning the ambient language. How much or how little does early exposure to the ambient language allow development of perceptual and articulatory systems for the ambient language? A final issue addresses whether the emergence of lexical, morphological and/or syntactic abilities in the second year is related to further changes in speech perception and production. [Work supported by NICHD.

A Review of Language: The Cultural Tool by Daniel L. Everett

PubMed Central

Weitzman, Raymond S.

2013-01-01

Language: The Cultural Tool by Daniel Everett covers a broad spectrum of issues concerning the nature of language from the perspective of an anthropological linguist who has had considerable fieldwork experience studying the language and culture of the Pirahã, an indigenous Amazonian tribe in Brazil, as well as a number of other indigenous languages and cultures. This review focuses mainly on the key elements of his approach to language: language as a solution to the communication problem; Everett's conception of language; what makes language possible; how language and culture influence each other.

First Language Transfer in Second Language Writing: An Examination of Current Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karim, Khaled; Nassaji, Hossein

2013-01-01

First language (L1) transfer has been a key issue in the field of applied linguistics, second language acquisition (SLA), and language pedagogy for almost a century. Its importance, however, has been re-evaluated several times within the last few decades. The aim of this paper is to examine current research that has investigated the role of L1…

The Teaching of Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language: a Systematic Review of the Literature 2005-2015

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ma, Xiuli; Gong, Yang; Gao, Xuesong; Xiang, Yiqing

2017-01-01

This paper reports the results of a review of research articles on the teaching of Chinese as a second or foreign language published in four leading mainland Chinese journals during the years 2005-2015. The review found that Chinese language researchers are exploring a wide array of issues including language policy and planning, language learning…

Visual Grouping in Accordance With Utterance Planning Facilitates Speech Production.

PubMed

Zhao, Liming; Paterson, Kevin B; Bai, Xuejun

2018-01-01

Research on language production has focused on the process of utterance planning and involved studying the synchronization between visual gaze and the production of sentences that refer to objects in the immediate visual environment. However, it remains unclear how the visual grouping of these objects might influence this process. To shed light on this issue, the present research examined the effects of the visual grouping of objects in a visual display on utterance planning in two experiments. Participants produced utterances of the form "The snail and the necklace are above/below/on the left/right side of the toothbrush" for objects containing these referents (e.g., a snail, a necklace and a toothbrush). These objects were grouped using classic Gestalt principles of color similarity (Experiment 1) and common region (Experiment 2) so that the induced perceptual grouping was congruent or incongruent with the required phrasal organization. The results showed that speech onset latencies were shorter in congruent than incongruent conditions. The findings therefore reveal that the congruency between the visual grouping of referents and the required phrasal organization can influence speech production. Such findings suggest that, when language is produced in a visual context, speakers make use of both visual and linguistic cues to plan utterances.

INFORM: An interactive data collection and display program with debugging capability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cwynar, D. S.

1980-01-01

A computer program was developed to aid ASSEMBLY language programmers of mini and micro computers in solving the man machine communications problems that exist when scaled integers are involved. In addition to producing displays of quasi-steady state values, INFORM provides an interactive mode for debugging programs, making program patches, and modifying the displays. Auxiliary routines SAMPLE and DATAO add dynamic data acquisition and high speed dynamic display capability to the program. Programming information and flow charts to aid in implementing INFORM on various machines together with descriptions of all supportive software are provided. Program modifications to satisfy the individual user's needs are considered.

Student Centered WebCT Instruction for African Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moshi, Lioba; Ojo, Akinloye

2000-01-01

Explores theoretical issues concerning instructional technology for African language instruction, gives a brief description of WebCT (a web-based instruction framework), and describes its practicality in the instruction of African languages with special focus on Swahili and Yoruba. (Author/VWL)

Semiotic systems with duality of patterning and the issue of cultural replicators.

PubMed

Schaden, Gerhard; Patin, Cédric

2017-11-14

Two major works in recent evolutionary biology have in different ways touched upon the issue of cultural replicators in language, namely Dawkins' Selfish Gene and Maynard Smith and Szathmáry's Major Transitions in Evolution. In the latter, the emergence of language is referred to as the last major transition in evolution (for the time being), a claim we argue to be derived from a crucial property of language, called Duality of Patterning. Prima facie, this property makes natural language look like a structural equivalent to DNA, and its peer in terms of expressive power. We will argue that, if one takes seriously Maynard Smith and Szathmáry's outlook and examines what has been proposed as linguistic replicators, amongst others phonemes and words, the analogy meme-gene becomes problematic. A key issue is the fact that genes and memes are assumed to carry and transmit information, while what has been described as the best candidate for replicatorhood in language, i.e. the phoneme, does by definition not carry meaning. We will argue that semiotic systems with Duality of Pattering (like natural languages) force us to reconsider either the analogy between replicators in the biological and the cultural domain, or what it is to be a replicator in linguistics.

Development of Schema Knowledge in the Classroom: Effects upon Problem Representation and Problem Solution of Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Shu-Er

Students with a semester or more of instruction often display remarkable naivety about the language that they have been studying and often prove unable to manage simple programming problems. The main purpose of this study was to create a set of problem-plan-program types for the BASIC programming language to help high school students build plans…

Gender Representations in the Illustrations of the 6th Grade Language Textbook Used in Greek Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karintzaidis, Nikolaos; Christodoulou, Anastasia; Kyridis, Argyris; Vamvakidou, Ifigeneia

2016-01-01

This study explores the way in which the two sexes are presented in education and particularly in the illustration of the language textbook used in the 6th Grade of Greek elementary school. In a society where gender equality is constitutionally enshrined and displayed as an educational policy objective, it attempts to examine if school textbook…

Teaching Mathematics with Intelligent Support in Natural Language. Tertiary Education Students Working with Parametrized Modelling Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rojano, Teresa; García-Campos, Montserrat

2017-01-01

This article reports the outcomes of a study that seeks to investigate the role of feedback, by way of an intelligent support system in natural language, in parametrized modelling activities carried out by a group of tertiary education students. With such a system, it is possible to simultaneously display on a computer screen a dialogue window and…

The influence of the visual modality on language structure and conventionalization: insights from sign language and gesture.

PubMed

Perniss, Pamela; Özyürek, Asli; Morgan, Gary

2015-01-01

For humans, the ability to communicate and use language is instantiated not only in the vocal modality but also in the visual modality. The main examples of this are sign languages and (co-speech) gestures. Sign languages, the natural languages of Deaf communities, use systematic and conventionalized movements of the hands, face, and body for linguistic expression. Co-speech gestures, though non-linguistic, are produced in tight semantic and temporal integration with speech and constitute an integral part of language together with speech. The articles in this issue explore and document how gestures and sign languages are similar or different and how communicative expression in the visual modality can change from being gestural to grammatical in nature through processes of conventionalization. As such, this issue contributes to our understanding of how the visual modality shapes language and the emergence of linguistic structure in newly developing systems. Studying the relationship between signs and gestures provides a new window onto the human ability to recruit multiple levels of representation (e.g., categorical, gradient, iconic, abstract) in the service of using or creating conventionalized communicative systems. Copyright © 2015 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

[Microcomputer control of a LED stimulus display device].

PubMed

Ohmoto, S; Kikuchi, T; Kumada, T

1987-02-01

A visual stimulus display system controlled by a microcomputer was constructed at low cost. The system consists of a LED stimulus display device, a microcomputer, two interface boards, a pointing device (a "mouse") and two kinds of software. The first software package is written in BASIC. Its functions are: to construct stimulus patterns using the mouse, to construct letter patterns (alphabet, digit, symbols and Japanese letters--kanji, hiragana, katakana), to modify the patterns, to store the patterns on a floppy disc, to translate the patterns into integer data which are used to display the patterns in the second software. The second software package, written in BASIC and machine language, controls display of a sequence of stimulus patterns in predetermined time schedules in visual experiments.

An Issue Hiding in Plain Sight: When Are Speech-Language Pathologists Special Educators Rather than Related Services Providers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giangreco, Michael F.; Prelock, Patricia A.; Turnbull, H. Rutherford, III

2010-01-01

Purpose: Under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; as amended, 2004), speech-language pathology services may be either special education or a related service. Given the absence of guidance documents or research on this issue, the purposes of this clinical exchange are to (a) present and analyze the IDEA definitions related to…

Integrating Cross-Cultural Interaction through Video-Communication and Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching Programs: Is There an Added Value?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canto, Silvia; Jauregi, Kristi; van den Bergh, Huub

2013-01-01

Organizing and implementing telecollaboration projects in foreign language curricula is not an easy endeavour (Belz & Thorne, 2006; Guth & Helm, 2010), as pedagogical, organizational and technical issues have to be addressed before cross-cultural interaction sessions can be carried out (O'Dowd & Ritter, 2006; O'Dowd, 2011). These issues make many…

Law and the Teacher of English and Language Arts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spicer, Harold O., Ed.; Mullican, James S., Ed.

1975-01-01

This special issue of the "Indiana English Journal" focuses on the law and the teacher of English and language arts. Included in the issue are the following articles: "The High School Press and Prior Restraint" by Roy Colquitt, "What's Obscene in Indiana? The New Law, the Miller Decision, and the Teaching of English" by Peter Scholl, and "The Law…

Beyond Language: Strategies for Promoting Academic Excellence among Immigrant Students. The Claremont Letter. Volume 2, Issue 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, William

2007-01-01

In this issue of "The Claremont Letter," the author argues that efforts to educate immigrant youth need to expand beyond a sole focus on language. Focusing solely on getting immigrant students to become English Proficient is short-sighted and inadequate. Efforts to educate immigrant youth need to include recognition of the various…

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS). Volume 2, Issue 3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali, Ed.

2008-01-01

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS) is devoted to all areas of language and linguistics. Its aim is to present work of current interest in all areas of language study. No particular linguistic theories or scientific trends are favored: scientific quality and scholarly standing are the only criteria applied in the selection of papers…

Unlocking Australia's Language Potential. Profiles of 9 Key Languages in Australia. Volume 8: Modern Greek.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamis, A. M.; And Others

The status of modern Greek in Australian society and education are detailed in this report. Chapters include discussion of these issues: the history of modern Greek in Australia (Greek immigration and settlement, public and private domains of use, language maintenance and shift, and language quality); the functions of modern Greek in Australia…

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS). Volume 2, Issue 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali, Ed.

2008-01-01

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS) is devoted to all areas of language and linguistics. Its aim is to present work of current interest in all areas of language study. No particular linguistic theories or scientific trends are favored: scientific quality and scholarly standing are the only criteria applied in the selection of papers…

The Impact of World Englishes on Language Assessment: Rater Attitude, Rating Behavior, and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Huei-Lien

2012-01-01

By centralizing the issue of test fairness in language proficiency assessments, this study responds to a call by researchers for developing greater social responsibility in the language testing agenda. As inquiries into language attitude and psychology indicate, there is an underlying uncertainty pertaining to the validity of test use and score…

Language and Opportunity in the "Land of Opportunity": Latina Immigrants' Reflections on Language Learning and Professional Mobility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davila, Liv Thorstensson

2008-01-01

This study analyzes the goals and realities of four educated, working, adult Latina, English as a Second language (ESL) students living in North Carolina, a region seeing particularly intense migration of Latino immigrants. The study conceptually frames adjustment issues confronted by these Latina immigrants in terms of gender, language,…

Teachers' Uses of the Target and First Languages in Second and Foreign Language Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turnball, Miles; Arnett, Katy

2002-01-01

Reviews recent theoretical and empirical literature regarding teachers' uses of the target (TL) and first languages (L1) in second and foreign language classrooms. Explores several issues related to teachers' use of the L1 and the TL in the classroom; exposure to TL input, student motivation, cognitive considerations, code switching, and…

Multilingualism in the Workplace: Language Practices in Multilingual Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Angouri, Jo

2014-01-01

The modern workplace is international and multilingual. Both white and blue collar employees are expected to be mobile, work increasingly in (virtual) teams (Gee et al. 1996) and to address complex organisational issues in a language that, often, is not their first language (L1). This results in a number of languages forming the ecosystem of…

Professional Development for Language Teachers: Preparing Educators for the 21st Century. 1998 State Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucke, Melinda Rae, Comp.

The survey, using data gathered from state foreign language association presidents and state foreign language supervisors and a number of other sources, investigated issues in professional development for language teachers. Forty-six out of 50 states responded to the survey, but not all of the states responded to each quotation. The survey…

Towards an Integrated Second-Language Pedagogy for Foreign and Community/Heritage Languages in Multilingual Britain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Jim

2008-01-01

A key issue, which has undermined the development of community/heritage language teaching in the UK over recent decades, has been the need to define an appropriate pedagogical approach which takes account of the bilingual and bicultural background of the majority of learners studying these languages. Within the National Curriculum, community…

Papers in Linguistics. Volume 16. Studies in Japanese Language Use and Studies in the Languages of the USSR.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miyagawa, Shigeru, Ed.; And Others

1983-01-01

A volume combining two special issues of "Papers in Linguistics" contains 10 papers concerning Japanese language use and 12 concerning languages of the U.S.S.R. The papers on Japanese include: "Intrusion in Japanese Conversation,""Japanese Use of English Loans,""Some Discourse Principles and Lengthy Sentences in…

Language Choices and Identity in Higher Education: Afrikaans-Speaking Students at Unisa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bornman, Elirea; Potgieter, Petrus H.

2017-01-01

Worldwide globalisation has led to the anglicisation of higher education. This is also the case in South Africa since the advent of a new dispensation. Whereas theorising and research on language issues in higher education focuses predominantly on instrumental functions of language, this study investigates the symbolic functions of language as an…

Rights to Language: Equity, Power, and Education. Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Tove Skutnabb-Kangas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillipson, Robert, Ed.

This collection of papers brings together scholarship on language, education, and society from all parts of the world, situating issues of minorities and bilingual education in broader perspectives of human rights, power, and the ecology of language. Part 1, "Language: Its Diversity, its Study, and Our Understandings of It," includes…

Philippine and North Bornean Languages: Issues in Description, Subgrouping, and Reconstruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lobel, Jason William

2013-01-01

The Philippines, northern Sulawesi, and northern Borneo are home to two or three hundred languages that can be described as Philippine-type. In spite of nearly five hundred years of language documentation in the Philippines, and at least a century of work in Borneo and Sulawesi, the majority of these languages remain grossly underdocumented, and…

Issues of Identity in Minority Language Media Production in Colombia and Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uribe-Jongbloed, Enrique

2016-01-01

This paper addresses how different media production teams negotiate the use of their minority languages in their practice. After a brief discussion of the concepts of language and description of a linguistic minority, a short review of similar research in the area of Minority Language Media is presented. Within this area, radio producers from…

Assessing English Language Learners' Opportunity to Learn Mathematics: Issues and Limitations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abedi, Jamal; Herman, Joan

2010-01-01

Background/Context: English language learner (ELL) students are lagging behind because of the extra challenges they face relative to their peers in acquiring academic English language proficiency, and the added burden of learning content in a language in which they are not proficient. The mandated inclusion of ELL students in the nation's…

Masked Associative/Semantic Priming Effects across Languages with Highly Proficient Bilinguals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perea, Manuel; Dunabeitia, Jon Andoni; Carreiras, Manuel

2008-01-01

One key issue for models of bilingual memory is to what degree the semantic representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In the present paper, we examine whether there is an early, automatic semantic priming effect across languages for noncognates with highly proficient (Basque/Spanish) bilinguals. Experiment 1 was a…

Preliminary Validation of a Spanish Language Translation of the Children's Hope Scale.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Lisa M.; McDermott, Diane; Pedrotti, Jennifer Teramoto; LaRue, Stephanie; Stone, Marion E.; Diamond, Kandi L.; Spalitto, Susan V.

As society becomes increasingly diverse, the issue about language used for assessments becomes critical. Research suggests that completing measures in a language other than one's native language may result in inaccurate scores. The Children's Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1997), a scale assessing dispositional hope in children ages 8 to 16, was…

Modern Languages and Interculturality in the Primary Sector in England, Greece, Italy and Spain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cerezal, Fernando

1997-01-01

Addresses concerns and issues regarding modern language teaching and learning at primary schools in Greece, Italy, Spain, and England. It focuses on the optimal age for learning and acquiring languages and to the educational reforms which have been undertaken in each country relating to early modern language teaching and learning and…

Students' Perspective on the First Programming Language: C-Like or Pascal-Like Languages?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xinogalos, Stelios; Pitner, Tomáš; Ivanovic, Mirjana; Savic, Miloš

2018-01-01

The choice of the first programming language (FPL) has been a controversial issue for several decades. Nearly everyone agrees that the FPL is important and affects students' subsequent education on programming. The study presented in this article investigates the suitability of various C-like and Pascal-like programming languages as a FPL.…

Understanding the Socio-Economic, Socio-Linguistic Situation and Social Psychology behind Learning a "Language" in Punjab

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Sukhdev

2006-01-01

The issue of language attitudes has become important in view of the regular formation and growth of multi-lingual societies. The individuals are under constant pressure to learn more than one language because of pragmatic/cultural/political reasons. The languages in such situations compete and often generate linguistic controversies about the…

Children's Foreign Language Anxiety Scale: Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aydin, Selami; Harputlu, Leyla; Güzel, Serhat; Ustuk, Özgehan; Savran Çelik, Seyda; Genç, Deniz

2016-01-01

Foreign language anxiety (FLA), which constitutes a serious problem in the foreign language learning process, has been mainly seen as a research issue regarding adult language learners, while it has been overlooked in children. This is because there is no an appropriate tool to measure FLA among children, whereas there are many studies on the…

Including English Learners in a Multitiered Approach to Early Reading Instruction and Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fien, Hank; Smith, Jean Louise M.; Baker, Scott K.; Chaparro, Erin; Baker, Doris Luft; Preciado, Jorge A.

2011-01-01

Delivering high-quality reading instruction to English language learners (ELLs) in the early grades is one of the most challenging issues facing schools. The report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth (NLP; August & Shanahan, 2006) defined "English language learners" as students who come from language backgrounds…

Language Shift of Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples: A Case Study of Kanakanavu and Saaroa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Dorinda Tsai-Hsiu; Chang, Ying-Hwa; Li, Paul Jen-Kuei; Lin, Ji-Ping

2015-01-01

This study covers two issues: (1) the language shift process relating to two highly endangered aboriginal languages of Taiwan and (2) the correlations between some variables and their language shift. Both Kanakanavu and Saaroa peoples underwent two waves of migration: (1) a massive in-migration of another Formosan ethnic group (Bunun people) in…

Errors and Intelligence in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Parsers and Pedagogues. Routledge Studies in Computer Assisted Language Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heift, Trude; Schulze, Mathias

2012-01-01

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of theoretical issues, historical developments and current trends in ICALL (Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning). It assumes a basic familiarity with Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory and teaching, CALL and linguistics. It is of interest to upper undergraduate and/or graduate…

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS). Volume 1, Issue 4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Online Submission, 2007

2007-01-01

Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS) is devoted to all areas of language and linguistics. Its aim is to present work of current interest in all areas of language study. No particular linguistic theories or scientific trends are favored: scientific quality and scholarly standing are the only criteria applied in the selection of papers…

Coal-seismic, desktop computer programs in BASIC; Part 7, Display and compute shear-pair seismograms

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hasbrouck, W.P.

1983-01-01

Processing of geophysical data taken with the U.S. Geological Survey's coal-seismic system is done with a desk-top, stand-alone computer. Programs for this computer are written in the extended BASIC language utilized by the Tektronix 4051 Graphic System. This report discusses and presents five computer pro grams used to display and compute shear-pair seismograms.

MIADS2 ... an alphanumeric map information assembly and display system for a large computer

Treesearch

Elliot L. Amidon

1966-01-01

A major improvement and extension of the Map Information Assembly and Display System (MIADS) developed in 1964 is described. Basic principles remain unchanged, but the computer programs have been expanded and rewritten for a large computer, in Fortran IV and MAP languages. The code system is extended from 99 integers to about 2,200 alphanumeric 2-character codes. Hand-...

Are Languages Digital Codes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, Nigel

2007-01-01

Language use is commonly understood to involve digital signalling, which imposes certain constraints and restrictions on linguistic communication. Two papers by Ross [Ross, D., 2004. "Metalinguistic signalling for coordination amongst social agents." "Language Sciences" 26, 621-642; Ross, D., this issue. "'H. sapiens' as ecologically special: what…

Zur Problematik der Plansprachen (Issues Concerning Artificial World Languages)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayrhofer, Manfred

1972-01-01

The reasons for creating international auxiliary languages, such as Esperanto, are examined. The study of the synthesis of such languages is considered useful for linguistic theory. (Text is in German.) Available from Humanities Press, Inc., Atlantic Highlands, N.J. 07716. (TL)

Issues in Language Proficiency Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanchez, Rosaura; And Others

Three papers on assessment and planning in bilingual education are presented. In "Language Theory Bases," Rosaura Sanchez advocates an approach toward child bilingual education that takes into account the relationship between the parallel domains of language development and cognitive development. An awareness of this relationship is…

English Leadership Quarterly. 1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strickland, James, Ed.

1991-01-01

These four issues of the English Leadership Quarterly represent the quarterly for 1991. Articles in number 1 deal with whole language and include: "CEL: Shorter and Better" (Myles D. Eley); "Toward a New Philosophy of Language Learning" (Kathleen Strickland); "Whole Language: Implications for Secondary Classrooms"…

Experimental evaluation of candidate graphical microburst alert displays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wanke, Craig R.; Hansman, R. John

1992-01-01

A piloted flight simulator experiment was conducted to evaluate issues related to the display of microburst alerts on electronic cockpit instrumentation. Issues addressed include display clarity, usefulness of multilevel microburst intensity information, and whether information from multiple sensors should be presented separately or 'fused' into combined alerts. Nine active airline pilots of 'glass cockpit' aircraft participated in the study. Microburst alerts presented on a moving map display were found to be visually clear and useful to pilots. Also, multilevel intensity information coded by colors or patterns was found to be important for decision making purposes. Pilot opinion was mixed on whether to 'fuse' data from multiple sensors, and some resulting design tradeoffs were identified. The positional information included in the graphical alert presentation was found useful by the pilots for planning lateral missed approach maneuvers, but may result in deviations which could interfere with normal airport operations. A number of flight crew training issues were also identified.

Language development in rural and urban Russian-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder

PubMed Central

Kornilov, Sergey A.; Lebedeva, Tatiana V.; Zhukova, Marina A.; Prikhoda, Natalia A.; Korotaeva, Irina V.; Koposov, Roman A.; Hart, Lesley; Reich, Jodi; Grigorenko, Elena L.

2015-01-01

Using a newly developed Assessment of the Development of Russian Language (ORRIA), we investigated differences in language development between rural vs. urban Russian-speaking children (n = 100 with a mean age of 6.75) subdivided into groups with and without developmental language disorders. Using classical test theory and item response theory approaches, we found that while ORRIA displayed overall satisfactory psychometric properties, several of its items showed differential item functioning favoring rural children, and several others favoring urban children. After the removal of these items, rural children significantly underperformed on ORRIA compared to urban children. The urbanization factor did not significantly interact with language group. We discuss the latter finding in the context of the multiple additive risk factors for language development and emphasize the need for future studies of the mechanisms that underlie these influences and the implications of these findings for our understanding of the etiological architecture of children's language development. PMID:27346924

Co-Occurrence of Language and Behavioural Change in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

PubMed

Harris, Jennifer M; Jones, Matthew; Gall, Claire; Richardson, Anna M T; Neary, David; du Plessis, Daniel; Pal, Piyali; Mann, David M A; Snowden, Julie S; Thompson, Jennifer C

2016-01-01

We aimed to evaluate the co-occurrence of language and behavioural impairment in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum pathology. Eighty-one dementia patients with pathological confirmation of FTLD were identified. Anonymized clinical records from patients' first assessment were rated for language and behavioural features from frontotemporal dementia consensus criteria, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) criteria and 1998 FTLD criteria. Over 90% of patients with FTLD pathology exhibited a combination of at least one behavioural and one language feature. Changes in language, in particular, were commonly accompanied by behavioural change. Notably, the majority of patients who displayed language features characteristic of semantic variant PPA exhibited 'early perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behaviour'. Moreover, 'executive/generation deficits with relative sparing of memory and visuospatial functions' occurred in most patients with core features of non-fluent variant PPA. Behavioural and language symptoms frequently co-occur in patients with FTLD pathology. Current classifications, which separate behavioural and language syndromes, do not reflect this co-occurrence.

An Investigation into the Relationship of Foreign Language Learning Motivation and Sign Language Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Hungarians

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kontra, Edit H.; Csizer, Kata

2013-01-01

The aim of this study is to point out the relationship between foreign language learning motivation and sign language use among hearing impaired Hungarians. In the article we concentrate on two main issues: first, to what extent hearing impaired people are motivated to learn foreign languages in a European context; second, to what extent sign…

Internal Versus External DSLs for Trace Analysis: Extended Abstract

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barringer, Howard; Havelund, Klaus

2011-01-01

This tutorial explores the design and implementation issues arising in the development of domain-specific languages for trace analysis. It introduces the audience to the general concepts underlying such special-purpose languages building upon the authors' own experiences in developing both external domain specific languages and systems, such as EAGLE, HAWK, RULER and LOGSCOPE, and the more recent internal domain-specific language and system TRACECONTRACT within the SCALA language.

Languages for Specific Academic Purposes or Languages for General Academic Purposes? A Critical Reappraisal of a Key Issue for Language Provision in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krekeler, Christian

2013-01-01

The debate about the subject specificity of university language tuition has been going on for decades; it has mostly been discussed in the context of English for Academic Purposes. This paper considers the case for disciplinary specificity with regard to languages other than English. Few, if any, developed curricula, syllabuses, suitable textbooks…

The Sociolinguistics of Foreign-Language Classrooms: Contributions of the Native, the Near-Native, and the Non-Native Speaker. Issues in Language Program Direction, A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blyth, Carl, Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into five parts. Part 1, "The Native Speaker," includes "The (Non)Native Standard Language in Foreign Language Education: A Critical Perspective" (Robert W. Train) and "The Native Speaker, the Student, and Woody Allen: Examining Traditional Roles in the Foreign Language Classroom"…

Intelligent Text Retrieval and Knowledge Acquisition from Texts for NASA Applications: Preprocessing Issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

In this contract, which is a component of a larger contract that we plan to submit in the coming months, we plan to study the preprocessing issues which arise in applying natural language processing techniques to NASA-KSC problem reports. The goals of this work will be to deal with the issues of: a) automatically obtaining the problem reports from NASA-KSC data bases, b) the format of these reports and c) the conversion of these reports to a format that will be adequate for our natural language software. At the end of this contract, we expect that these problems will be solved and that we will be ready to apply our natural language software to a text database of over 1000 KSC problem reports.

Beyond literacy and numeracy in patient provider communication: Focus groups suggest roles for empowerment, provider attitude and language

PubMed Central

Brugge, Doug; Edgar, Timothy; George, Kelly; Heung, Janette; Laws, M Barton

2009-01-01

Background Although the number of people living in the United States with limited English proficiency (LEP) is substantial, the impact of language on patients' experience of provider-patient communication has been little explored. Methods We conducted a series of 12 exploratory focus groups in English, Spanish and Cantonese to elicit discussion about patient-provider communication, particularly with respect to the concerns of the health literacy framework, i.e. ability to accurately understand, interpret and apply information given by providers. Within each language, 2 groups had high education and 2 had low education participants to partially account for literacy levels, which cannot be assessed consistently across three languages. Eighty-five (85) adults enrolled in the focus groups. The resulting video tapes were transcribed, translated and analyzed via content analysis. Results We identified 5 themes: 1) language discordant communication; 2) language concordant communication; 3) empowerment; 4) providers' attitudes; 5) issues with the health care system. Despite efforts by facilitators to elicit responses related to cognitive understanding, issues of interpersonal process were more salient, and respondents did not readily separate issues of accurate understanding from their overall narratives of experience with health care and illness. Thematic codes often appeared to be associated with education level, language and/or culture. Conclusion Our most salient finding was that for most of our participants there was no clear demarcation between literacy and numeracy, language interpretation, health communication, interpersonal relations with their provider and the rest of their experience with the health care system. PMID:19772555

Cognitive and verbal abilities of 24- to 36-month-old siblings of children with autism.

PubMed

Yirmiya, Nurit; Gamliel, Ifat; Shaked, Michal; Sigman, Marian

2007-02-01

The cognitive and language skills of 30 siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) and 30 siblings of typically developing children (SIBS-TD) were compared. Non-significant group differences emerged for cognition at both ages. At 24 months, significantly more SIBS-A demonstrated language scores one or two standard deviations below the mean compared to SIBS-TD. At 36 months, the groups differed significantly in receptive language, and more SIBS-A displayed receptive and expressive difficulties compared to SIBS-TD. Six SIBS-A (including one diagnosed with autism) revealed language scores more than two standard deviations below the mean at both ages, a pattern not seen in the SIBS-TD. Results are discussed in reference to language difficulties in autism spectrum disorders and the genetic liability for autism.

Cataloguing and displaying Web feeds from French language health sites: a Web 2.0 add-on to a health gateway.

PubMed

Kerdelhué, G; Thirion, B; Dahamna, B; Darmoni, S J

2008-01-01

Among the numerous new functionalities of the Internet, commonly called Web 2.0, Web syndication illustrates the trend for better and faster information sharing. Web feeds (a.k.a RSS feeds), which were used mostly on weblogs at first, are now also widely used in academic, scientific and institutional websites such as PubMed. As very few French language feeds were listed or catalogued in the Health field by the year of 2007, it was decided to implement them in the quality-controlled health gateway CISMeF ([French] acronym for Catalogue and Index of French Language Health Resources on the Internet). Furthermore, making full use of the nature of Web syndication, a Web feed aggregator was put online in to provide a dynamic news gateway called "CISMeF actualités" (http://www.chu-rouen.fr/actualites/). This article describes the process to retrieve and implement the Web feeds in the catalogue and how its terminology was adjusted to describe this new content. It also describes how the aggregator was put online and the features of this news gateway. CISMeF actualités was built accordingly to the editorial policy of CISMeF. Only a part of the Web feeds of the catalogue were included to display the most authoritative sources. Web feeds were also grouped by medical specialties and by countries using the prior indexing of websites with MeSH terms and the so-called metaterms. CISMeF actualités now displays 131 Web feeds across 40 different medical specialities, coming from 5 different countries. It is one example, among many, that static hypertext links can now easily and beneficially be completed, or replaced, by dynamic display of Web content using syndication feeds.

Improving the interactivity and functionality of Web-based radiology teaching files with the Java programming language.

PubMed

Eng, J

1997-01-01

Java is a programming language that runs on a "virtual machine" built into World Wide Web (WWW)-browsing programs on multiple hardware platforms. Web pages were developed with Java to enable Web-browsing programs to overlay transparent graphics and text on displayed images so that the user could control the display of labels and annotations on the images, a key feature not available with standard Web pages. This feature was extended to include the presentation of normal radiologic anatomy. Java programming was also used to make Web browsers compatible with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file format. By enhancing the functionality of Web pages, Java technology should provide greater incentive for using a Web-based approach in the development of radiology teaching material.

Gender Issues in Language Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Deborah

2003-01-01

Drawing on recent work in variationist sociolinguistics, sociology of language and linguistic anthropology, focuses on new approaches to explaining gender differentiated patterns of sound change and language shift, the success or failure of planned linguistic reforms, and changes in the social evaluation of gendered speech styles. (Author/VWL)

The Language of Qualitative Issues. AIR Forum 1982 Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duckwall, Julia M.; Johnson, F. Craig

The communication of research findings among collegiate institutional researchers is considered in relation to the contribution of qualitative language in general, and catastrophe theory in particular. The qualitative language of catastrophe theory may help reduce the arbitrariness of description, through identification of qualitative features…

Profiling Neurolanguage Coaches Worldwide--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeppos, Dimitris

2014-01-01

Neurolanguage Coaching™ is a new approach of diversified personalized language instruction utilizing modern insights of neuroscientific and pedagogic theories. This paper addresses the issue of profiling educational experts, who utilize these theories to coach language learners through their language acquisition journey, by means of setting and…

Qualitative analysis of decision making by speech-language pathologists in the design of aided visual displays.

PubMed

McFadd, Emily; Wilkinson, Krista

2010-06-01

For children with complex communication needs, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices offer a functional way to communicate thoughts and feelings. Despite many significant advances in the field, effective and efficient aided communication can remain a challenge for some clients and their partners. One critical element of aided AAC intervention is systematic attention to the design of the communication display itself. A well-designed display will foster communication outcomes; a poorly designed one might have the opposite effect. Surprisingly, to our knowledge there are no studies of the strategies that clinicians actually employ when putting together a display. In this research note, we examine, on a case-by-case basis, the strategies six clinicians used when constructing display pages, as a means of highlighting potential areas that might warrant systematic research on display design.

Current Policies and New Directions for Speech-Language Pathology Assistants.

PubMed

Paul-Brown, Diane; Goldberg, Lynette R

2001-01-01

This article provides an overview of current American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) policies for the appropriate use and supervision of speech-language pathology assistants with an emphasis on the need to preserve the role of fully qualified speech-language pathologists in the service delivery system. Seven challenging issues surrounding the appropriate use of speech-language pathology assistants are considered. These include registering assistants and approving training programs; membership in ASHA; discrepancies between state requirements and ASHA policies; preparation for serving diverse multicultural, bilingual, and international populations; supervision considerations; funding and reimbursement for assistants; and perspectives on career-ladder/bachelor-level personnel. The formation of a National Leadership Council is proposed to develop a coordinated strategic plan for addressing these controversial and potentially divisive issues related to speech-language pathology assistants. This council would implement strategies for future development in the areas of professional education pertaining to assistant-level supervision, instruction of assistants, communication networks, policy development, research, and the dissemination/promotion of information regarding assistants.

Codeswitching in Bilingual Children with Specific Language Impairment

PubMed Central

Gutiérrez-Clellen, Vera F.; Cereijido, Gabriela Simon; Leone, Angela Erickson

2009-01-01

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit limited grammatical skills compared to their peers with typical language. These difficulties may be revealed when alternating their two languages (i.e., codeswitching) within sentences. Fifty-eight Spanish-English speaking children with and without SLI produced narratives using wordless picture books and conversational samples. The results indicated no significant differences in the proportion of utterances with codeswitching (CS) across age groups or contexts of elicitation. There were significant effects for language dominance, language of testing, and a significant dominance by language of testing interaction. The English-dominant children demonstrated more CS when tested in their nondominant language (Spanish) compared to the Spanish-dominant children tested in their weaker English. The children with SLI did not display more CS or more instances of atypical CS patterns compared to their typical peers. The findings indicate that children with SLI are capable of using grammatical CS, in spite of their language difficulties. In addition, the analyses suggest that CS is sensitive to sociolinguistic variables such as when the home language is not socially supported in the larger sociocultural context. In these cases, children may refrain from switching to the home language, even if that is their dominant language. PMID:22611333

Theatre of the Mind: A Project to Animate the Language of thought and Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Eric S.

2009-01-01

Human language is a rich and complex part of human behaviour that can be studied in many ways. The author and his colleagues are developing an application that accepts simple texts as input and presents an animated display of characters acting out the text. It mimics the human visualization of texts, the so-called Theatre of the Mind. In so doing,…

Interactive debug program for evaluation and modification of assembly-language software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arpasi, D. J.

1979-01-01

An assembly-language debug program written for the Honeywell HDC-601 and DDP-516/316 computers is described. Names and relative addressing to improve operator-machine interaction are used. Features include versatile display, on-line assembly, and improved program execution and analysis. The program is discussed from both a programmer's and an operator's standpoint. Functional diagrams are included to describe the program, and each command is illustrated.

"I Thought That When I Was in Germany, I Would Speak Just German": Language Learning and Desire in Twenty-First Century Study Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGregor, Janice

2016-01-01

We live in a time of unmatched global mobility and correspondingly, the number of U.S.-American students studying abroad continues to increase. For years now, applied linguists have displayed an increased interest in study abroad students' perspectives and desires about second language (L2) learning and use while abroad. Yet few studies have…

An English language interface for constrained domains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Page, Brenda J.

1989-01-01

The Multi-Satellite Operations Control Center (MSOCC) Jargon Interpreter (MJI) demonstrates an English language interface for a constrained domain. A constrained domain is defined as one with a small and well delineated set of actions and objects. The set of actions chosen for the MJI is from the domain of MSOCC Applications Executive (MAE) Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL) directives and contains directives for signing a cathode ray tube (CRT) on or off, calling up or clearing a display page, starting or stopping a procedure, and controlling history recording. The set of objects chosen consists of CRTs, display pages, STOL procedures, and history files. Translation from English sentences to STOL directives is done in two phases. In the first phase, an augmented transition net (ATN) parser and dictionary are used for determining grammatically correct parsings of input sentences. In the second phase, grammatically typed sentences are submitted to a forward-chaining rule-based system for interpretation and translation into equivalent MAE STOL directives. Tests of the MJI show that it is able to translate individual clearly stated sentences into the subset of directives selected for the prototype. This approach to an English language interface may be used for similarly constrained situations by modifying the MJI's dictionary and rules to reflect the change of domain.

Developmental outcomes of toddlers of young Latina mothers: Cultural, family, and parenting factors.

PubMed

Grau, Josefina M; Duran, Petra A; Castellanos, Patricia; Smith, Erin N; Silberman, Stephanie G; Wood, Lauren E

2015-11-01

Children of adolescent mothers are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. This study is among the first to examine how cultural, family, and parenting factors prospectively predict the cognitive and language development of children of young Latina mothers (N=170; Mage=17.9 years). Mothers were interviewed and observed interacting with their children at 18 months (W1). Children were tested at 18 (W1) and 24 (W2) months. Mothers' cultural orientation (W1) was related to aspects of the childrearing environment (W1), which in turn had implications for the children's development (W2). Specifically, a stronger orientation toward American culture was related to higher mother-reported engagement in parenting by their own mothers (grandmothers), which in turn predicted stronger gains in cognitive and expressive language functioning from W1 to W2. A stronger Latino orientation related to the display of more directiveness and greater mother-reported engagement by the children's biological fathers; directiveness, in turn, predicted fewer gains in cognitive functioning only when father engagement was low and did not predict expressive language development. Finally, mothers' display of more positive affect, a stronger American orientation, and higher grandmother engagement uniquely predicted gains in W2 expressive language functioning. Implications for intervention are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Developmental Outcomes of Toddlers of Young Latina Mothers: Cultural, Family, and Parenting Factors

PubMed Central

Grau, Josefina M.; Duran, Petra A.; Castellanos, Patricia; Smith, Erin N.; Silberman, Stephanie G.; Wood, Lauren

2015-01-01

Children of adolescent mothers are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. This study is among the first to examine how cultural, family, and parenting factors prospectively predict the cognitive and language development of children of young Latina mothers (N=170; Mage = 17.9 years). Mothers were interviewed and observed interacting with their children at 18 months (W1). Children were tested at 18 (W1) and 24 (W2) months. Mothers’ cultural orientation (W1) was related to aspects of the childrearing environment (W1), which in turn had implications for the children's development (W2). Specifically, a stronger orientation toward American culture was related to higher mother-reported engagement in parenting by their own mothers (grandmothers), which in turn predicted stronger gains in cognitive and expressive language functioning from W1 to W2. A stronger Latino orientation related to the display of more directiveness and greater mother-reported engagement by the children's biological fathers; directiveness, in turn, predicted fewer gains in cognitive functioning only when father engagement was low and did not predict expressive language development. Finally, mothers’ display of more positive affect, a stronger American orientation, and higher grandmother engagement uniquely predicted gains in W2 expressive language functioning. Implications for intervention are discussed. PMID:26454205

English Language Proficiency and Early School Attainment Among Children Learning English as an Additional Language.

PubMed

Whiteside, Katie E; Gooch, Debbie; Norbury, Courtenay F

2017-05-01

Children learning English as an additional language (EAL) often experience lower academic attainment than monolingual peers. In this study, teachers provided ratings of English language proficiency and social, emotional, and behavioral functioning for 782 children with EAL and 6,485 monolingual children in reception year (ages 4-5). Academic attainment was assessed in reception and Year 2 (ages 6-7). Relative to monolingual peers with comparable English language proficiency, children with EAL displayed fewer social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties in reception, were equally likely to meet curriculum targets in reception, and were more likely to meet targets in Year 2. Academic attainment and social, emotional, and behavioral functioning in children with EAL are associated with English language proficiency at school entry. © 2016 The Authors. Child Development published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Research in Child Development.

An Investigation of Lexical Progress of Teaching Foreign Languages (TFL) Learners in Terms of Part-of-Speech

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Çerçi, Arif

2017-01-01

In the related literature, it has been discussed that issues related to foreign language lexicon have been ignored; therefore, a solid theory of foreign language lexicon has not been constructed yet. In the framework of Turkish as a foreign language, the literature lacks both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. To this end, this longitudinal…

English Language Literacies of Undergraduate Students in Malaysia's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Environment: Casualties of National Language Policies and Globalisation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wahi, Wahiza

2015-01-01

The issue of Malaysian graduates' unemployment, attributed largely to their flawed English language competence, has been a major concern in the country for many years. The study reported in this paper sought to better comprehend future graduates' perspectives and practices in dealing with the English language literacies prior to graduation. This…

Action for the '80s: A Political, Professional, and Public Program for Foreign Language Education. The ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, June K., Ed.

This volume deals with issues in foreign language education that have come to the fore since the publication of the Report of the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies. It contains the following articles: "Action or Inaction: An Editorial Opinion," by June Phillips; (2) "ACTFL's 1980 Agenda: Intention…

Humankind's Three Major Language Topics Today and the State of China's Linguistic Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuming, Li

2008-01-01

In the domain of language planning, humankind has since ancient times discussed three main topics: language problems, linguistic resources, and language rights. On the basis of the state of linguistic life in the world and China today, this article expounds on these three major topics and raises issues about China conducting a general survey of…

Multilingualism vs. Monolingualism: The View from the USA and Its Interaction with Language Issues around the World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Robert B.

2015-01-01

Language policy is a mechanism determining the uses of language generally; here it examines the role of the English language in the emerging USA. Inspired by Spanish riches deriving from the "New World" during the sixteenth century, the first English people to settle permanently in North America hoped for similar riches. In North…

Intercultural Language Educators for an Intercultural World: Action upon Reflection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siqueira, Sávio

2017-01-01

Bearing in mind that learning a new language is much more than acquiring a new code, but a new way of being in the world, the aim of the article is to briefly raise and discuss relevant issues relating to language teacher education in these contemporary times, especially in the area of English Language Teaching (ELT). Emphasis is placed on the…

From International to Local English--And Back Again: Studies in Language and Communication Vol. 95

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Facchinetti, Roberta, Ed.; Crystal, David, Ed.; Seidlhofer, Barbara, Ed.

2010-01-01

All languages encode aspects of culture and every culture has its own specificities to be proud of and to be transmitted. The papers in this book explore aspects of this relationship between language and culture, considering issues related to the processes of internationalization and localization of the English language. The volume is divided into…

Second Language Developmental Dynamics: How Dynamic Systems Theory Accounts for Issues in Second Language Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosmawati

2014-01-01

Dynamic systems theory (DST) is presented in this article as a suitable approach to research the acquisition of second language (L2) because of its close alignment with the process of second language learning. Through a process of identifying and comparing the characteristics of a dynamic system with the process of L2 learning, this article…

Living with a Foreign Tongue: An Autobiographical Narrative Inquiry into Identity in a Foreign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Wei

2014-01-01

Learning a second language involves the development of an identity in the target language. This study is an autobiographical narrative inquiry into the issue of identity in a foreign language. Autobiographical accounts of my relationship with, and my feelings about, English at different stages in my learning journey are developed to show how my…

Neo-Liberalism, Globalization, Language Policy and Practice Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Majhanovich, Suzanne

2014-01-01

By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the English language had become the de facto "lingua franca" of the modern world. It is the most popular second or foreign language studied, such that now there are more people who have learned English as a second language and speak it with some competence than there are native English…

English Language Assessment in the Colleges of Applied Sciences in Oman: Thematic Document Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al Hajri, Fatma

2014-01-01

Proficiency in English language and how it is measured have become central issues in higher education research as the English language is increasingly used as a medium of instruction and a criterion for admission to education. This study evaluated the English language assessment in the foundation Programme at the Colleges of Applied sciences in…

Language Learning in the Public Eye: An Analysis of Newspapers and Official Documents in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Suzanne; Santos, Denise

2015-01-01

This article considers the issue of low levels of motivation for foreign language learning in England by exploring how language learning is conceptualised by different key voices in that country through the examination of written data: policy documents and reports on the UK's language needs, curriculum documents and press articles. The extent to…

System. A Newsletter for Educational Technology and Language Learning Systems. Vol. 2, No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Norman F., Ed.; Allen, John R., Ed.

This issue begins with an editorial comment on the journal's areas of interest. The articles are concerned with the following topics: (1) English composition and the use of the computer (Peter Zoller); (2) the teacher and the language laboratory (L. Ross and B. D. Sadler); (3) language aptitude tests in the language laboratory (in German, Peter…

Neural Network Processing of Natural Language: II. Towards a Unified Model of Corticostriatal Function in Learning Sentence Comprehension and Non-Linguistic Sequencing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dominey, Peter Ford; Inui, Toshio; Hoen, Michel

2009-01-01

A central issue in cognitive neuroscience today concerns how distributed neural networks in the brain that are used in language learning and processing can be involved in non-linguistic cognitive sequence learning. This issue is informed by a wealth of functional neurophysiology studies of sentence comprehension, along with a number of recent…

Temps d'Educacio. Revista de la Divisio de Ciencies de l'Educacio (Educational Times. Journal of the Education Sciences Department. Numbers 13 & 14).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Temps d'Educacio, 1995

1995-01-01

Each of the two issues of this Catalan-language journal offers book reviews and articles on general topics in education. Issues contain Spanish-, English- and French-language abstracts of included articles with keyword references. Number 13 (1st. semester 1995) examines environmental and multicultural education; number 14 (2nd. semester 1995)…

Issues in the Assessment of Bilingually Educated Students: Expressing Subject Knowledge through L1 and L2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gablasova, Dana

2014-01-01

This article discusses issues related to oral assessment of school knowledge of L2-educated students. In particular, it examines benefits and disadvantages of students being tested in their L1 (their dominant language) and in their L2 (their language of instruction). The study draws on the data from 37 high school students studying in a content…

Native Language and Culture. INAR/NACIE Joint Issues Sessions. National Indian Education Association (NIEA) Annual Conference (22nd, San Diego, California, October 15, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Advisory Council on Indian Education, Washington, DC.

This report summarizes two joint sessions held by the Indian Nations At Risk Task Force and the National Advisory Council on Indian Education to hear testimony on educational issues related to Native American language and culture. Educators, students, parents, and tribal officials made presentations concerning: the importance for academic success…

New Ways of Learning and Teaching: Focus on Technology and Foreign Language Education. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muyskens, Judith A., Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into three parts. After "Introduction," (Judith A. Muyskens), Part 1, "Issues in Teaching with Technology: Implications for the Future Training of Teaching Assistants," includes "Exploring the Link between Teaching and Technology: An Approach to TA Development" (Virginia M. Scott) and "A Revolution from Above:…

Some core contested concepts.

PubMed

Chomsky, Noam

2015-02-01

Core concepts of language are highly contested. In some cases this is legitimate: real empirical and conceptual issues arise. In other cases, it seems that controversies are based on misunderstanding. A number of crucial cases are reviewed, and an approach to language is outlined that appears to have strong conceptual and empirical motivation, and to lead to conclusions about a number of significant issues that differ from some conventional beliefs.

Critical Issues in the Induction of Secondary School Teachers in Business Education, English and Language Arts, Foreign Language, and Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ganser, Tom; Rogers, Harriet; Zbikowski, John; Sherlock, Wallace; Freiberg, Melissa

In this paper, four teacher educators present their ideas about some of the critical induction issues facing graduates of their programs as they begin their careers in secondary schools. A business teacher educator focuses on the ecology of the classroom, structural functions and the political environment, and support networks. An English and…

Assisted Repeated Reading with an Advanced-Level Japanese EFL Reader: A Longitudinal Diary Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taguchi, Etsuo; Gorsuch, Greta; Takayasu-Maass, Miyoko; Snipp, Kirsten

2012-01-01

Reading fluency has attracted the attention of reading researchers and educators since the early 1970s and has become a priority issue in English as a first language (L1) settings. It has also become a critical issue in English as a second or foreign language (L2) settings because the lack of fluency is considered a major obstacle to developing…

The Politics of Languages in Education: Issues of Access, Social Participation and Inequality in the Multilingual Context of Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamim, Tayyaba

2014-01-01

This paper, based on some findings of a wider three-year study, sets forth the issue of languages used and taught in education as a dimension of inequality and highlights its implications for widening participation and access in the multilingual context of Pakistan. The paper takes secondary education in private and government schools in Pakistan…

Multiple Grammars: Old Wine in Old Bottles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sorace, Antonella

2014-01-01

Amaral and Roeper (this issue; henceforth A&R) argue that all speakers -- regardless of whether monolingual or bilingual -- have multiple grammars in their mental language representations. They further claim that this simple assumption can explain many things: optionality in second language (L2) language behaviour, multilingualism, language…

Retrospective Review Article: The Contribution of Neurolinguistics to Second and Foreign Language Theory and Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danesi, Marcel

1990-01-01

A review of some of the major works in neurolinguistics published during the last decade extrapolates many implications for second and foreign language theory and practice, covering such issues as hemispheric dominance, language processing, and bilingualism. (35 references) (CB)

CLE Working Papers 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blue, George, Ed.

This third volume by the Centre for Language in Education (CLE) is intended to bring together a number of concerns currently under review at the Centre. Articles in this issue include: "Managing Open Learning" (Vicky Wright); "Self-Assessment of Foreign Language Skills: Does It Work?" (George Blue); "Language Awareness and…

Pedagogisch Tijdschrift (Journal of Pedagogy), 1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smeyers, Paul, Ed.; And Others

1994-01-01

This 6-issue, complete year of a Belgian-Dutch collaboration offers complete articles on pedagogical subjects, some with an English-language summary; reviews of new Dutch-language books; and titles from related Dutch-language journals. Articles include: "On the Policies of the Journal of Pedagogy" (P. Smeyers); "Pedagogic…

Malaysian Instructors' Assessment Beliefs in Tertiary ESL Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elshawa, Niveen R. M.; Abdullah, Ain Nadzimah; Rashid, Sabariah Md

2017-01-01

Language assessment can be a valuable tool for providing information regarding language teaching. Given the importance of assessment that has undergone much change, there are important issues that warrant investigation, particularly those related to language instructors. Understanding the assessment beliefs of ESL instructors, especially at the…

Literacy in Language and Mathematics: More in Common Than You Think

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Denisse R.; Rubenstein, Rheta N.

2014-01-01

This paper shares perspectives on literacy in mathematics, particularly highlighting commonalities with literacy in language arts. We discuss levels of language development appropriate for the mathematics classroom, issues related to mathematical definitions, implied meanings in many mathematics concepts, and the importance of justification. We…

Issues in Language Testing Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oller, John W., Jr., Ed.

Practical and technical aspects of language testing research are considered in 23 articles. Topical areas include: testing of general proficiency; the hypothesis of a single unitary factor accounting for reliable variance in tests; the structure of language proficiency; pros and cons of cloze testing; a new functional testing approach; and…

Empowering the ESL Worker within the New Work Order.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Rita A.

1999-01-01

Investigates issues of empowerment and language learning for English-as-a-Second-Language workers (in workplace literacy projects) making the transition from one type of workplace culture to another. Describes the project and participants, how workplace structures and linguistic hierarchies disempowered second-language learners, benefits of…

Language Policies in Education: Critical Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tollefson, James W., Ed.

This collection of papers examines how language policies in education serve the interests of dominant groups within societies, how policies marginalize some students while granting privilege to others, how language policies in schools create inequalities among learners, and how schools can further the educational, social, and economic interests of…

Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 1996-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furumoto, Mitchell A., Ed.; And Others

1997-01-01

Reports of language research in the 1996 issue include: "Corpus Planning for the Southern Peruvian Quechua Language" (Serafin M. Coronel-Molina); "Foreign Language Planning in U.S. Higher Education: The Case of a Graduate Business Program" (Mitchell A. Furumoto); "Charting New Directions: Of Communication in a Social…

Mental Verbs and Pragmatic Language Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanoudis, George; Natsopoulos, Demetrios; Panayiotou, Georgia

2007-01-01

Background: Pragmatic language impairment has recently been the subject of a number of studies that attempted to illuminate classification and diagnostic issues, and identify the profile of children with pragmatic language difficulties. Although much progress has been made, the nature of pragmatic difficulties remains unclear. Aims: To contrast…

Defining the Language Arts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barth, Patte, Ed.

1994-01-01

This issue of "Basic Education" presents articles that discuss, respectively, defining the language arts, an agenda for English, the benefits of two languages, a new teacher (presently teaching English in a foreign country) looking ahead, and the Shaker Fellowships awarded by the school district in Shaker Heights, Ohio. Articles in the…

Software Aids In Graphical Depiction Of Flow Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stegeman, J. D.

1995-01-01

Interactive Data Display System (IDDS) computer program is graphical-display program designed to assist in visualization of three-dimensional flow in turbomachinery. Grid and simulation data files in PLOT3D format required for input. Able to unwrap volumetric data cone associated with centrifugal compressor and display results in easy-to-understand two- or three-dimensional plots. IDDS provides majority of visualization and analysis capability for Integrated Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experiment (ICE) system. IDDS invoked from any subsystem, or used as stand-alone package of display software. Generates contour, vector, shaded, x-y, and carpet plots. Written in C language. Input file format used by IDDS is that of PLOT3D (COSMIC item ARC-12782).

[Early development of language in small children with autism spectrum disorder using alternative systems].

PubMed

Fortea-Sevilla, M Sol; Escandell-Bermúdez, M Olga; Castro-Sánchez, José Juan; Martos-Pérez, Juan

2015-02-25

The latest research findings show the importance of early intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in all areas of development, including language. The use of augmentative and alternative communication systems (AACS) favors linguistic and communicative development. To show the effectiveness of AACS to develop oral language in non-verbal toddlers diagnosed with ASD. Thirty children (25 males and 5 females) diagnosed with ASD when they were between 18 and 30 months of age, through the instruments ADOS and ADIR. None of them displayed oral language development at the time of assessment. An intervention program in the area of language was designed based on the use of total communication by the therapist and training the child in the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). One year later, the formal aspects of language were assessed with the PLON-R because oral language had been developed. All the children had developed oral language to some extent over a one-year period. Early intervention and the use of AACS with visual props favor the development of oral language in children with ASD in the first years of life.

Bimodal Bilinguals Co-activate Both Languages during Spoken Comprehension

PubMed Central

Shook, Anthony; Marian, Viorica

2012-01-01

Bilinguals have been shown to activate their two languages in parallel, and this process can often be attributed to overlap in input between the two languages. The present study examines whether two languages that do not overlap in input structure, and that have distinct phonological systems, such as American Sign Language (ASL) and English, are also activated in parallel. Hearing ASL-English bimodal bilinguals’ and English monolinguals’ eye-movements were recorded during a visual world paradigm, in which participants were instructed, in English, to select objects from a display. In critical trials, the target item appeared with a competing item that overlapped with the target in ASL phonology. Bimodal bilinguals looked more at competing items than at phonologically unrelated items, and looked more at competing items relative to monolinguals, indicating activation of the sign-language during spoken English comprehension. The findings suggest that language co-activation is not modality specific, and provide insight into the mechanisms that may underlie cross-modal language co-activation in bimodal bilinguals, including the role that top-down and lateral connections between levels of processing may play in language comprehension. PMID:22770677

Age and experience shape developmental changes in the neural basis of language-related learning.

PubMed

McNealy, Kristin; Mazziotta, John C; Dapretto, Mirella

2011-11-01

Very little is known about the neural underpinnings of language learning across the lifespan and how these might be modified by maturational and experiential factors. Building on behavioral research highlighting the importance of early word segmentation (i.e. the detection of word boundaries in continuous speech) for subsequent language learning, here we characterize developmental changes in brain activity as this process occurs online, using data collected in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design. One hundred and fifty-six participants, ranging from age 5 to adulthood, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to three novel streams of continuous speech, which contained either strong statistical regularities, strong statistical regularities and speech cues, or weak statistical regularities providing minimal cues to word boundaries. All age groups displayed significant signal increases over time in temporal cortices for the streams with high statistical regularities; however, we observed a significant right-to-left shift in the laterality of these learning-related increases with age. Interestingly, only the 5- to 10-year-old children displayed significant signal increases for the stream with low statistical regularities, suggesting an age-related decrease in sensitivity to more subtle statistical cues. Further, in a sample of 78 10-year-olds, we examined the impact of proficiency in a second language and level of pubertal development on learning-related signal increases, showing that the brain regions involved in language learning are influenced by both experiential and maturational factors. 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Two Aircraft Head-Up Traffic Surveillance Symbology Issues: Range Filter and Inboard Field-of-View Symbology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wong, Douglas T.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Norman, R. Michael

2004-01-01

The purpose of the eXternal Visibility System (XVS) effort for NASA s High-Speed Research Program was to determine and to provide required pilot visual information for a High Speed Civil Transport vehicle concept to allow safe and efficient operation in the absence of forward windows. The objective of this preliminary experiment conducted at NASA Langley Research Center was to investigate two head-up surveillance symbology (HUSS) display issues. The first issue was concerned with the benefits of adding a range filter to the current HUSS concept. A range filter limits the amount of traffic symbols displayed head-up by setting a range boundary (e.g. 7-nmi) around the ownship. The second issue was concerned with the need to incorporate HUSS in the inboard field-of-view (IFOV) display of the XVS concept. The hypothesis tested was that adding a range filter to the XVS display and HUSS to the IFOV display would enhance the pilot s effectiveness of traffic surveillance tasks. Using a high-resolution graphics flight simulator, each of three pilots flew departure and arrival scenarios under visual meteorological conditions. The pilots main tasks, while managing flight path, were to detect and assess potential airborne traffic hazards and to maintain overall situation awareness. Upon completing all the runs, each pilot completed a subjective questionnaire. Results showed that having both the HUSS on the IFOV and the range filter on each of the XVS displays enhanced the effectiveness of the XVS surveillance display concept. This configuration had the least head down time and the lowest mental workload. Combining both features gave the best target detection, the earliest threat recognition, and enabled the pilots to create a better strategy for evasive action when it became necessary.

Cockpit display of hazardous weather information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansman, R. John, Jr.; Wanke, Craig

1990-01-01

Information transfer and display issues associated with the dissemination of hazardous weather warnings are studied in the context of windshear alerts. Operational and developmental windshear detection systems are briefly reviewed. The July 11, 1988 microburst events observed as part of the Denver Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) operational evaluation are analyzed in terms of information transfer and the effectiveness of the microburst alerts. Information transfer, message content and display issues associated with microburst alerts generated from ground based sources are evaluated by means of pilot opinion surveys and part task simulator studies.